Ontology about C elegans phenotypes C elegans Phenotype Ontology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ C_elegans_phenotype_ontology chris-grove Relates an entity in the ontology to the name of the variable that is used to represent it in the code that generates the BFO OWL file from the lispy specification. Really of interest to developers only BFO OWL specification label Relates an entity in the ontology to the term that is used to represent it in the the CLIF specification of BFO2 Person:Alan Ruttenberg Really of interest to developers only BFO CLIF specification label editor preferred label editor preferred label editor preferred term editor preferred term editor preferred term~editor preferred label The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English) PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> editor preferred label editor preferred label editor preferred term editor preferred term editor preferred term~editor preferred label example A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> IAO:0000112 uberon example_of_usage true example_of_usage example of usage example of usage has curation status PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bill Bug PERSON:Melanie Courtot OBI_0000281 has curation status definition definition textual definition The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. 2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> definition definition textual definition editor note An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obfoundry.org/obo/obi> IAO:0000116 uberon editor_note true editor_note editor note editor note term editor Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people 20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/115. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> term editor alternative term An alternative name for a class or property which means the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent) PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> alternative term definition source formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007 PERSON:Daniel Schober Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> definition source has obsolescence reason Relates an annotation property to an obsolescence reason. The values of obsolescence reasons come from a list of predefined terms, instances of the class obsolescence reason specification. PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Melanie Courtot has obsolescence reason curator note An administrative note of use for a curator but of no use for a user PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg IAO:0000232 uberon curator_notes true curator_notes curator note curator notes imported from For external terms/classes, the ontology from which the term was imported PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Melanie Courtot GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> imported from expand expression to ObjectProperty: RO_0002104 Label: has plasma membrane part Annotations: IAO_0000424 "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.org/obo/owl/GO#GO_0005886 and http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?Y)" A macro expansion tag applied to an object property (or possibly a data property) which can be used by a macro-expansion engine to generate more complex expressions from simpler ones Chris Mungall expand expression to expand expression to OBO foundry unique label An alternative name for a class or property which is unique across the OBO Foundry. The intended usage of that property is as follow: OBO foundry unique labels are automatically generated based on regular expressions provided by each ontology, so that SO could specify unique label = 'sequence ' + [label], etc. , MA could specify 'mouse + [label]' etc. Upon importing terms, ontology developers can choose to use the 'OBO foundry unique label' for an imported term or not. The same applies to tools . PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bjoern Peters PERSON:Chris Mungall PERSON:Melanie Courtot GROUP:OBO Foundry <http://obofoundry.org/> OBO foundry unique label elucidation person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Barry Smith Primitive terms in a highest-level ontology such as BFO are terms which are so basic to our understanding of reality that there is no way of defining them in a non-circular fashion. For these, therefore, we can provide only elucidations, supplemented by examples and by axioms elucidation has associated axiom(nl) Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg An axiom associated with a term expressed using natural language has associated axiom(nl) has associated axiom(fol) Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg An axiom expressed in first order logic using CLIF syntax has associated axiom(fol) has axiom id Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg A URI that is intended to be unique label for an axiom used for tracking change to the ontology. For an axiom expressed in different languages, each expression is given the same URI has axiom label term replaced by Add as annotation triples in the granting ontology Use on obsolete terms, relating the term to another term that can be used as a substitute Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg term replaced by term replaced by An assertion that holds between an OWL Object Property and a temporal interpretation that elucidates how OWL Class Axioms that use this property are to be interpreted in a temporal context. temporal interpretation https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime S dubious_for_taxon T if it is probably the case that no instances of S can be found in any instance of T. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 RO:0002174 uberon dubious_for_taxon true true dubious_for_taxon This relation lacks a strong logical interpretation, but can be used in place of never_in_taxon where it is desirable to state that the definition of the class is too strict for the taxon under consideration, but placing a never_in_taxon link would result in a chain of inconsistencies that will take ongoing coordinated effort to resolve. Example: metencephalon in teleost this relation lacks a strong logical interpretation, but can be used in place of never_in_taxon where it is desirable to state that the definition of the class is too strict for the taxon under consideration, but placing a never_in_taxon link would result in a chain of inconsistencies that will take time to resolve. Example: metencephalon in teleost dubious for taxon dubious_for_taxon S dubious_for_taxon T if it is probably the case that no instances of S can be found in any instance of T. S present_in_taxon T if some instance of T has some S. This does not means that all instances of T have an S - it may only be certain life stages or sexes that have S https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 RO:0002175 applicable for taxon uberon present_in_taxon true true present_in_taxon present in taxon present_in_taxon S present_in_taxon T if some instance of T has some S. This does not means that all instances of T have an S - it may only be certain life stages or sexes that have S defined by inverse logical macro assertion on an annotation property relation p is the direct form of relation q iff p is a subPropertyOf q, p does not have the Transitive characteristic, q does have the Transitive characteristic, and for all x, y: x q y -> exists z1, z2, ..., zn such that x p z1 ... z2n y The general property hierarchy is: "directly P" SubPropertyOf "P" Transitive(P) Where we have an annotation assertion "directly P" "is direct form of" "P" If we have the annotation P is-direct-form-of Q, and we have inverses P' and Q', then it follows that P' is-direct-form-of Q' Chris Mungall is direct form of If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then it also holds that R -> P o Q. Note that this cannot be expressed directly in OWL is a defining property chain axiom If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then (1) R -> P o Q holds and (2) Q is either reflexive or locally reflexive. A corollary of this is that P SubPropertyOf R. is a defining property chain axiom where second argument is reflexive 'anterior end of organism' is-opposite-of 'posterior end of organism' 'increase in temperature' is-opposite-of 'decrease in temperature' x is the opposite of y if there exists some distance metric M, and there exists no z such as M(x,z) <= M(x,y) or M(y,z) <= M(y,x). RO:0002604 quality is_opposite_of true true is_opposite_of is opposite of is_opposite_of cjm 2018-03-14T00:03:16Z is positive form of cjm 2018-03-14T00:03:24Z is negative form of part-of is homeomorphic for independent continuants. R is homemorphic for C iff (1) there exists some x,y such that x R y, and x and y instantiate C and (2) for all x, if x is an instance of C, and there exists some y some such that x R y, then it follows that y is an instance of C. cjm 2018-10-21T19:46:34Z R homeomorphic-for C expands to: C SubClassOf R only C. Additionally, for any class D that is disjoint with C, we can also expand to C DisjointWith R some D, D DisjointWith R some C. is homeomorphic for An alternate textual definition for a class taken unmodified from an external source. This definition may have been used to derive a generalized definition for the new class. UBPROP:0000001 uberon external_definition true external_definition This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO external_definition An alternate textual definition for a class taken unmodified from an external source. This definition may have been used to derive a generalized definition for the new class. A textual description of an axiom loss in this ontology compared to an external ontology. UBPROP:0000002 uberon axiom_lost_from_external_ontology true axiom_lost_from_external_ontology This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO axiom_lost_from_external_ontology A textual description of an axiom loss in this ontology compared to an external ontology. Notes on the homology status of this class. UBPROP:0000003 uberon homology_notes true homology_notes This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO homology_notes Notes on the homology status of this class. UBPROP:0000006 uberon implements_design_pattern true implements_design_pattern implements_design_pattern Used to connect a class to an adjectival form of its label. For example, a class with label 'intestine' may have a relational adjective 'intestinal'. UBPROP:0000007 uberon has_relational_adjective true has_relational_adjective Used to connect a class to an adjectival form of its label. For example, a class with label 'intestine' may have a relational adjective 'intestinal'. has_relational_adjective Notes on the how instances of this class vary across species. UBPROP:0000008 uberon taxon_notes true taxon_notes taxon_notes Notes on the how instances of this class vary across species. Notes on the evolved function of instances of this class. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000009 uberon function_notes true function_notes function_notes Notes on the evolved function of instances of this class. Notes on the structure, composition or histology of instances of this class. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000010 uberon structure_notes true structure_notes structure_notes Notes on the structure, composition or histology of instances of this class. Notes on the ontogenic development of instances of this class. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000011 uberon development_notes true development_notes development_notes Notes on the ontogenic development of instances of this class. Notes on how similar or equivalent classes are represented in other ontologies. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000012 uberon external_ontology_notes true external_ontology_notes external_ontology_notes Notes on how similar or equivalent classes are represented in other ontologies. Notes on how lexical conventions regarding this class, in particular any issues that may arise due to homonyny or synonymy. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000013 uberon terminology_notes true terminology_notes terminology_notes Notes on how lexical conventions regarding this class, in particular any issues that may arise due to homonyny or synonymy. UBPROP:0000100 uberon is_count_of true is_count_of is count of A property used in conjunction with repeated_element_number to indicate an axis and directionality along that axis. If P preceding_element_is R, and P is_count_of S, and X P N, and X' P N+1, then it follows that every X R some X', and the class expression [S and R some X' and inv(R) some X] is empty (i.e. X is followed by X', with no intermediates) UBPROP:0000101 uberon preceding_element_is true preceding_element_is preceding element is A property used in conjunction with repeated_element_number to indicate an axis and directionality along that axis. If P preceding_element_is R, and P is_count_of S, and X P N, and X' P N+1, then it follows that every X R some X', and the class expression [S and R some X' and inv(R) some X] is empty (i.e. X is followed by X', with no intermediates) x pharyngeal_arch_number N if and only if (i) x is a pharyngeal arch, and (ii) x is ancestrally pharyngeal arch number N in a series of pharyngeal arches repeated along a antero-posterior axis, with arch_number 1 being the mandibular arch. gill arch N = PA N-2. the term branchial_arch is ambiguous. UBPROP:0000103 uberon pharyngeal_arch_number true pharyngeal_arch_number pharyngeal arch number x pharyngeal_arch_number N if and only if (i) x is a pharyngeal arch, and (ii) x is ancestrally pharyngeal arch number N in a series of pharyngeal arches repeated along a antero-posterior axis, with arch_number 1 being the mandibular arch. FMA has terms like 'set of X'. In general we do not include set-of terms in uberon, but provide a mapping between the singular form and the FMA set term UBPROP:0000202 uberon fma_set_term true fma_set_term fma_set_term FMA has terms like 'set of X'. In general we do not include set-of terms in uberon, but provide a mapping between the singular form and the FMA set term FMA BRAND NAME INN IUPAC NAME Preliminary entries Annotated by 3rd party Manually annotated by ChEBI Team Term not to be used for direct annotation Term not to be used for direct manual annotation AGR slim Aspergillus GO slim Candida GO slim ChEMBL protein targets summary Drosophila GO slim FlyBase Drosophila GO ribbon slim Generic GO slim Metagenomics GO slim Mouse GO slim PIR GO slim Plant GO slim Fission yeast GO slim synapse GO slim Yeast GO slim Systematic synonym oio:hasRelatedSynonym blast name oio:hasExactSynonym common name oio:hasExactSynonym genbank common name A metadata relation between a class and its taxonomic rank (eg species, family) ncbi_taxonomy This is an abstract class for use with the NCBI taxonomy to name the depth of the node within the tree. The link between the node term and the rank is only visible if you are using an obo 1.3 aware browser/editor; otherwise this can be ignored has_rank oio:hasRelatedSynonym in-part oio:hasRelatedSynonym misspelling oio:hasExactSynonym scientific name oio:hasRelatedSynonym synonym Abnormal/normal slim Absent/present slim Attribute slim cell_quality Disposition slim Human phenotype slim Pathology slim Relational slim: types of quality that require an additional entity in order to exist Scalar slim Value slim Label appended to organism-specific terms in place of scientific name Unique short label for PRO terms for display purposes; based on orthology eco subset abbreviation A historic synonym, no longer encouraged dubious or contested synonym indicates that a synonym is used in an inconsistent or confusing way, typically between species latin term expert consultation and attribution required plural term taxonomic disambiguation CUMBO developmental_classification A class that represents an early developmental structure, like a blastocyst. This part of the ontology is undergoing review to remove inappropriate grouping classes. EFO slim derived from the union of EHDAA2 and EMAPA - still to be checked functional_classification Subset consisting of classes creating for grouping purposes classes that have some inconsistency with FMA somewhat fuzzy grouping for analysis purposes, currently composed of something like: liver, heart, skeletal, kidney, bladder, brain, skin, mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestines, trachea nose, lungs, brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, gonads abstract class brought in to group ontology classes but not informative organs, excluding individual muscles and skeletal elements Phenotype slim A subset specifically created for the 2012 Phenotype RCN meeting. Includes some human-specific terms that may eventually be removed when they are adequately represented with part of relationships in FMA Uberon slim - subset that excludes obscure terms and deep compositional terms abstract upper-level terms not directly useful for analysis core classes typically found across vertebrates. one purpose is to create a rough set of terms that could be used to start a new vertebrate AO abstract upper-level terms not directly useful for analysis WB phenotype slim uberon dc-contributor true dc-contributor contributor uberon dc-creator true dc-creator creator uberon dc-description true dc-description description uberon dc-source true dc-source derived from resource subset_property consider has_alternative_id has_broad_synonym database_cross_reference has_exact_synonym has_narrow_synonym has_obo_format_version has_obo_namespace has_related_synonym has_scope has_synonym_type in_subset shorthand label label uberon depicted_by true depicted_by depicted by uberon foaf-page true foaf-page page is part of my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity) this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a part and its whole Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'. part_of BFO:0000050 external protein quality uberon worm_anatomy worm_development part_of part_of part of part of part_of http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:part_of has part my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity) this year has part this day (occurrent parthood) Q1 has_part Q2 if and only if: every instance of Q1 is a quality_of an entity that has_quality some Q2. a core relation that holds between a whole and its part Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'. has_part BFO:0000051 chebi_ontology external protein quality uberon has_part false has_part We use the has_part relation to relate complex qualities to more primitive ones. A complex quality is a collection of qualities. The complex quality cannot exist without the sub-qualities. For example, the quality 'swollen' necessarily comes with the qualities of 'protruding' and 'increased size'. has part has part has_part Q1 has_part Q2 if and only if: every instance of Q1 is a quality_of an entity that has_quality some Q2. PATOC:CJM preceded by X preceded_by Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X) x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other. is preceded by preceded_by http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:preceded_by BFO:0000062 is preceded by takes place after uberon worm_development preceded_by preceded_by preceded by preceded_by is preceded by SIO:000249 takes place after Allen:precedes precedes x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. BFO:0000063 uberon precedes precedes precedes precedes occurs in b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t occurs_in unfolds in unfolds_in BFO:0000066 external occurs_in occurs_in Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant occurs in occurs in site of [copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t BFO:0000067 uberon contains_process contains_process Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant contains process contains process x anterior_to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the head. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that bisects an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail: bearer cjm 2009-07-31T02:15:46Z BSPO:0000096 uberon anterior_to anterior_to anterior_to x anterior_to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the head. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that bisects an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail: bearer x dorsal_to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the back. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that bisects an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). BSPO:0000098 uberon dorsal_to dorsal_to dorsal_to x dorsal_to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the back. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that bisects an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). x posterior_to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the body/tail. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that bisects an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. BSPO:0000099 caudal_to uberon posterior_to posterior_to posterior_to x posterior_to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the body/tail. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that bisects an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. x ventral_to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the front. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that bisects an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). BSPO:0000102 uberon ventral_to ventral_to ventral_to x ventral_to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the front. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that bisects an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). Further away from the surface of the organism. Thus, the muscular layer is deep to the skin, but superficial to the intestines. BSPO:0000107 uberon deep_to deep_to deep_to Further away from the surface of the organism. Thus, the muscular layer is deep to the skin, but superficial to the intestines. Near the outer surface of the organism. Thus, skin is superficial to the muscle layer. BSPO:0000108 uberon superficial_to superficial_to superficial_to Near the outer surface of the organism. Thus, skin is superficial to the muscle layer. X in_left_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into left and right portions, X is part_of the left portion. BSPO:0000120 uberon in_left_side_of in_left_side_of in_left_side_of https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern X in_left_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into left and right portions, X is part_of the left portion. BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 X in_right_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into left and right portions, X is part_of the right portion. BSPO:0000121 uberon in_right_side_of in_right_side_of in_right_side_of https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern X in_right_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into left and right portions, X is part_of the right portion. BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 X posterior_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part_of the posterior portion. BSPO:0000122 uberon in_posterior_side_of in_posterior_side_of in_posterior_side_of X posterior_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part_of the posterior portion. BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 X anterior_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part_of the anterior portion. BSPO:0000123 uberon in_anterior_side_of in_anterior_side_of in_anterior_side_of X anterior_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part_of the anterior portion. BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 X proximal_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into distal and proximal portions, X is part_of the proximal portion. BSPO:0000124 uberon in_proximal_side_of in_proximal_side_of in_proximal_side_of X proximal_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into distal and proximal portions, X is part_of the proximal portion. BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 X distal_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into distal and proximal portions, X is part_of the distal portion. BSPO:0000125 uberon in_distal_side_of in_distal_side_of in_distal_side_of X distal_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into distal and proximal portions, X is part_of the distal portion. BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 X in_lateral_side_of Y <=> if X is in_left_side_of Y or X is in_right_side_of Y. X is often, but not always a paired structure BSPO:0000126 uberon in_lateral_side_of in_lateral_side_of in_lateral_side_of https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern X in_lateral_side_of Y <=> if X is in_left_side_of Y or X is in_right_side_of Y. X is often, but not always a paired structure X proximalmost_part_of Y <=> X is part_of Y and X is adjacent_to the proximal boundary of Y BSPO:0001106 uberon proximalmost_part_of proximalmost_part_of proximalmost_part_of X proximalmost_part_of Y <=> X is part_of Y and X is adjacent_to the proximal boundary of Y This relation holds when both the deep_to and ajdacent_to relationship similarly hold. BSPO:0001107 uberon immediately_deep_to immediately_deep_to immediately_deep_to This relation holds when both the deep_to and ajdacent_to relationship similarly hold. This document is about information artifacts and their representations is_about is a (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity. 7/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg. Following discussion with Jonathan Rees, and introduction of "mentions" relation. Weaken the is_about relationship to be primitive. We will try to build it back up by elaborating the various subproperties that are more precisely defined. Some currently missing phenomena that should be considered "about" are predications - "The only person who knows the answer is sitting beside me" , Allegory, Satire, and other literary forms that can be topical without explicitly mentioning the topic. person:Alan Ruttenberg Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy is about inheres in this fragility inheres in this vase this red color inheres in this apple a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent) and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A dependent inheres in its bearer at all times for which the dependent exists. inheres_in inheres in bearer of this apple is bearer of this red color this vase is bearer of this fragility a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist. bearer_of is bearer of RO:0000053 uberon bearer_of bearer_of bearer of bearer of participates in this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation this input material (or this output material) participates in this process this investigator participates in this investigation a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process participates_in RO:0000056 protein participates_in false participates_in participates in participates_in has participant this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot this investigation has participant this investigator this process has participant this input material (or this output material) a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time. has_participant http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant has participant this investigator role is a role of this person a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. is role of role_of role of this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. has_role RO:0000087 chebi_ontology protein has_role false false has_role has role has role has_role is location of my head is the location of my brain this cage is the location of this rat a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime location_of RO:0001015 uberon location_of location_of location of location_of contained in Containment is location not involving parthood, and arises only where some immaterial continuant is involved. Containment obtains in each case between material and immaterial continuants, for instance: lung contained_in thoracic cavity; bladder contained_in pelvic cavity. Hence containment is not a transitive relation. If c part_of c1 at t then we have also, by our definition and by the axioms of mereology applied to spatial regions, c located_in c1 at t. Thus, many examples of instance-level location relations for continuants are in fact cases of instance-level parthood. For material continuants location and parthood coincide. Containment is location not involving parthood, and arises only where some immaterial continuant is involved. To understand this relation, we first define overlap for continuants as follows: c1 overlap c2 at t =def for some c, c part_of c1 at t and c part_of c2 at t. The containment relation on the instance level can then be defined (see definition): Intended meaning: domain: material entity range: spatial region or site (immaterial continuant) contained_in contained in contains RO:0001019 uberon contains contains contains contains located in my brain is located in my head this rat is located in this cage a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime located_in http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:located_in RO:0001025 protein uberon located_in located_in located in located_in This is redundant with the more specific 'independent and not spatial region' constraint. We leave in the redundant axiom for use with reasoners that do not use negation. This is redundant with the more specific 'independent and not spatial region' constraint. We leave in the redundant axiom for use with reasoners that do not use negation. the surface of my skin is a 2D boundary of my body a relation between a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary) and a material entity, in which the boundary delimits the material entity A 2D boundary may have holes and gaps, but it must be a single connected entity, not an aggregate of several disconnected parts. Although the boundary is two-dimensional, it exists in three-dimensional space and thus has a 3D shape. 2D_boundary_of boundary of is 2D boundary of is boundary of RO:0002000 uberon boundary_of boundary_of 2D boundary of boundary of my body has 2D boundary the surface of my skin a relation between a material entity and a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary), in which the boundary delimits the material entity A 2D boundary may have holes and gaps, but it must be a single connected entity, not an aggregate of several disconnected parts. Although the boundary is two-dimensional, it exists in three-dimensional space and thus has a 3D shape. David Osumi-Sutherland has boundary has_2D_boundary RO:0002002 uberon has_boundary has_boundary has 2D boundary has boundary X outer_layer_of Y iff: . X :continuant that bearer_of some PATO:laminar . X part_of Y . exists Z :surface . X has_boundary Z . Z boundary_of Y has_boundary: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002002 boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 David Osumi-Sutherland RO:0002007 uberon bounding_layer_of bounding_layer_of A relationship that applies between a continuant and its outer, bounding layer. Examples include the relationship between a multicellular organism and its integument, between an animal cell and its plasma membrane, and between a membrane bound organelle and its outer/bounding membrane. A relationship that applies between a continuant and its outer, bounding layer. Examples include the relationship between a multicellular organism and its integument, between an animal cell and its plasma membrane, and between a membrane bound organelle and its outer/bounding membrane. bounding layer of bounding layer of A 'has regulatory component activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is regulated by B. dos 2017-05-24T09:30:46Z has regulatory component activity A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that negatively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is negatively regulated by B. dos 2017-05-24T09:31:01Z By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function. Internal regulatory functions are treated as components. For example, NMDA glutmate receptor activity is a cation channel activity with positive regulatory component 'glutamate binding' and negative regulatory components including 'zinc binding' and 'magnesium binding'. has negative regulatory component activity A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that positively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is positively regulated by B. dos 2017-05-24T09:31:17Z By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function and internal regulatory functions are treated as components. So, for example calmodulin has a protein binding activity that has positive regulatory component activity calcium binding activity. Receptor tyrosine kinase activity is a tyrosine kinase activity that has positive regulatory component 'ligand binding'. has positive regulatory component activity dos 2017-05-24T09:44:33Z A 'has component activity' B if A is A and B are molecular functions (GO_0003674) and A has_component B. has component activity w 'has process component' p if p and w are processes, w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. dos 2017-05-24T09:49:21Z has component process A relationship that holds between between a receptor and an chemical entity, typically a small molecule or peptide, that carries information between cells or compartments of a cell and which binds the receptor and regulates its effector function. dos 2017-07-19T17:30:36Z has ligand dos 2017-09-17T13:52:24Z Process(P2) is directly regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. directly regulated by Process(P2) is directly regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. GOC:dos Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1. dos 2017-09-17T13:52:38Z directly negatively regulated by Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1. GOC:dos Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1. dos 2017-09-17T13:52:47Z directly positively regulated by Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1. GOC:dos A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity. dos 2017-09-22T14:14:36Z This relation is designed for constructing compound molecular functions, typically in combination with one or more regulatory component activity relations. has effector activity A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity. GOC:dos David Osumi-Sutherland Previously had ID http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002122 in test files in sandpit - but this seems to have been dropped from ro-edit.owl at some point. No re-use under this ID AFAIK, but leaving note here in case we run in to clashes down the line. Official ID now chosen from DOS ID range. during which ends David Osumi-Sutherland di Previously had ID http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002124 in test files in sandpit - but this seems to have been dropped from ro-edit.owl at some point. No re-use under this ID AFAIK, but leaving note here in case we run in to clashes down the line. Official ID now chosen from DOS ID range. encompasses David Osumi-Sutherland X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X) ends after X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) David Osumi-Sutherland starts_at_end_of A non-transitive temporal relation in which one process immediately precedes another process, such that there is no interval of time between the two processes[SIO:000251]. RO:0002087 directly preceded by is directly preceded by is immediately preceded by starts_at_end_of uberon worm_development immediately_preceded_by starts_at_end_of immediately_preceded_by starts_at_end_of X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately preceded by immediately_preceded_by starts_at_end_of A non-transitive temporal relation in which one process immediately precedes another process, such that there is no interval of time between the two processes[SIO:000251]. SIO:000251 is immediately preceded by SIO:000251 David Osumi-Sutherland Previously had ID http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002123 in test files in sandpit - but this seems to have been dropped from ro-edit.owl at some point. No re-use under this ID AFAIK, but leaving note here in case we run in to clashes down the line. Official ID now chosen from DOS ID range. during which starts David Osumi-Sutherland ends_at_start_of meets X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately precedes David Osumi-Sutherland io RO:0002091 external starts_during starts_during X starts_during Y iff: (start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)) AND (start(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y)) starts during starts_during David Osumi-Sutherland d during RO:0002092 external happens_during happens_during X happens_during Y iff: (start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)) AND (end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y)) happens during happens during David Osumi-Sutherland o overlaps RO:0002093 external ends_during ends_during X ends_during Y iff: ((start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X)) AND end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y). ends during ends_during A overlaps B if they share some part in common. x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y BFO_0000051 some (BFO_0000050 some ?Y) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ?Y) RO:0002131 uberon overlaps overlaps overlaps overlaps true X continuous_with Y if and only if X and Y share a fiat boundary. David Osumi-Sutherland connected to The label for this relation was previously connected to. I relabeled this to "continuous with". The standard notion of connectedness does not imply shared boundaries - e.g. Glasgow connected_to Edinburgh via M8; my patella connected_to my femur (via patellar-femoral joint) RO:0002150 uberon continuous_with continuous_with continuous with continuous_with FMA:85972 A is spatially_disjoint_from B if and only if they have no parts in common There are two ways to encode this as a shortcut relation. The other possibility to use an annotation assertion between two classes, and expand this to a disjointness axiom. Chris Mungall Note that it would be possible to use the relation to label the relationship between a near infinite number of structures - between the rings of saturn and my left earlobe. The intent is that this is used for parsiomoniously for disambiguation purposes - for example, between siblings in a jointly exhaustive pairwise disjointness hierarchy BFO_0000051 exactly 0 (BFO_0000050 some ?Y) spatially disjoint from https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Part-disjointness-Design-Pattern a 'toe distal phalanx bone' that is connected to a 'toe medial phalanx bone' (an interphalangeal joint *connects* these two bones). Binary relationship: x connected_to y if and only if there exists some z such that z connects x and y in a ternary connected_to(x,y,z) relationship. a is connected to b if and only if a and b are discrete structure, and there exists some connecting structure c, such that c connects a and b RO:0002170 uberon connected_to connected_to Connection does not imply overlaps. connected to connected to https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Connectivity-Design-Pattern https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-articulations-Design-Pattern Binary relationship: x connected_to y if and only if there exists some z such that z connects x and y in a ternary connected_to(x,y,z) relationship. The M8 connects Glasgow and Edinburgh a 'toe distal phalanx bone' that is connected to a 'toe medial phalanx bone' (an interphalangeal joint *connects* these two bones). Binary relationship: z connects x if and only if there exists some y such that z connects x and y in a ternary connected_to(x,y,z) relationship. c connects a if and only if there exist some b such that a and b are similar parts of the same system, and c connects b, specifically, c connects a with b. When one structure connects two others it unites some aspect of the function or role they play within the system. this is currently used for both structural relationships (such as between a valve and the chamber it connects) and abstract relationships (anatomical lines and the entities they connect) RO:0002176 uberon connects connects connects connects https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Connectivity-Design-Pattern https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-articulations-Design-Pattern Binary relationship: z connects x if and only if there exists some y such that z connects x and y in a ternary connected_to(x,y,z) relationship. a is attached to part of b if a is attached to b, or a is attached to some p, where p is part of b. attached to part of (anatomical structure to anatomical structure) RO:0002177 uberon attaches_to_part_of attaches_to_part_of attached to part of attaches_to_part_of true true Relation between an arterial structure and another structure, where the arterial structure acts as a conduit channeling fluid, substance or energy. relation between an artery and the structure is supplies with blood. Individual ontologies should provide their own constraints on this abstract relation. For example, in the realm of anatomy this should hold between an artery and an anatomical structure RO:0002178 arterial supply of uberon supplies supplies source: FMA supplies supplies arterial supply of FMA:86003 Relation between an collecting structure and another structure, where the collecting structure acts as a conduit channeling fluid, substance or energy away from the other structure. Individual ontologies should provide their own constraints on this abstract relation. For example, in the realm of anatomy this should hold between a vein and an anatomical structure RO:0002179 drains blood from drains from uberon drains drains source: Wikipedia drains drains w 'has component' p if w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. The definition of 'has component' is still under discussion. The challenge is in providing a definition that does not imply transitivity. For use in recording has_part with a cardinality constraint, because OWL does not permit cardinality constraints to be used in combination with transitive object properties. In situations where you would want to say something like 'has part exactly 5 digit, you would instead use has_component exactly 5 digit. RO:0002180 protein uberon has_component false has_component has component has component has_component x develops from y if and only if either (a) x directly develops from y or (b) there exists some z such that x directly develops from z and z develops from y Chris Mungall David Osumi-Sutherland Melissa Haendel Terry Meehan RO:0002202 uberon worm_anatomy develops_from develops_from This is the transitive form of the develops from relation develops from develops_from inverse of develops from Chris Mungall David Osumi-Sutherland Terry Meehan RO:0002203 uberon develops_into develops_into develops into develops_into Candidate definition: x directly_develops from y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participate in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p, and a substantial portion of the matter of x comes from y, and the start of x is coincident with or after the end of y. Chris Mungall David Osumi-Sutherland has developmental precursor FBbt RO:0002207 uberon directly_develops_from directly_develops_from TODO - add child relations from DOS directly develops from directly_develops_from inverse of directly develops from developmental precursor of directly develops into process(P1) regulates process(P2) iff: P1 results in the initiation or termination of P2 OR affects the frequency of its initiation or termination OR affects the magnitude or rate of output of P2. We use 'regulates' here to specifically imply control. However, many colloquial usages of the term correctly correspond to the weaker relation of 'causally upstream of or within' (aka influences). Consider relabeling to make things more explicit Chris Mungall David Hill Tanya Berardini GO Regulation precludes parthood; the regulatory process may not be within the regulated process. regulates (processual) false RO:0002211 external regulates regulates regulates regulates Process(P1) negatively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 terminates P2, or P1 descreases the the frequency of initiation of P2 or the magnitude or rate of output of P2. Chris Mungall negatively regulates (process to process) RO:0002212 external negatively_regulates negatively_regulates negatively regulates negatively regulates Process(P1) postively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 initiates P2, or P1 increases the the frequency of initiation of P2 or the magnitude or rate of output of P2. Chris Mungall positively regulates (process to process) RO:0002213 external positively_regulates positively_regulates positively regulates positively regulates mechanosensory neuron capable of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050974) osteoclast SubClassOf 'capable of' some 'bone resorption' A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process. Chris Mungall has function realized in For compatibility with BFO, this relation has a shortcut definition in which the expression "capable of some P" expands to "bearer_of (some realized_by only P)". RO_0000053 some (RO_0000054 only ?Y) RO:0002215 uberon capable_of capable_of capable of capable of c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p. Chris Mungall has function in RO_0000053 some (RO_0000054 only (BFO_0000050 some ?Y)) RO:0002216 uberon capable_of_part_of capable_of_part_of capable of part of capable of part of true x actively participates in y if and only if x participates in y and x realizes some active role Chris Mungall agent in actively participates in 'heart development' has active participant some Shh protein x has participant y if and only if x realizes some active role that inheres in y This may be obsoleted and replaced by the original 'has agent' relation Chris Mungall has agent obsolete has active participant true x surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for every region r that is adjacent to x, r overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies the majority of the outermost boundary of x x surrounded_by y iff: x is adjacent to y and for every region r adjacent to x, r overlaps y Chris Mungall RO:0002219 uberon surrounded_by surrounded_by surrounded by surrounded_by x surrounded_by y iff: x is adjacent to y and for every region r adjacent to x, r overlaps y A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts. The epidermis layer of a vertebrate is adjacent to the dermis. The plasma membrane of a cell is adjacent to the cytoplasm, and also to the cell lumen which the cytoplasm occupies. The skin of the forelimb is adjacent to the skin of the torso if these are considered anatomical subdivisions with a defined border. Otherwise a relation such as continuous_with would be used. x adjacent to y if and only if x and y share a boundary. x adjacent_to y iff: x and y share a boundary This relation acts as a join point with BSPO Chris Mungall RO:0002220 uberon adjacent_to adjacent_to adjacent to adjacent_to A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts. inverse of surrounded by inverse of surrounded_by Chris Mungall RO:0002221 uberon surrounds surrounds surrounds surrounds inverse of surrounded_by Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for relations between occurrents involving the relative timing of their starts and ends. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kBv1ep_9g3sTR-SD3jqzFqhuwo9TPNF-l-9fUDbO6rM/edit?pli=1 A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations. temporally related to Relation between occurrents, shares a start boundary with. inverse of starts with Chris Mungall Allen RO:0002223 uberon starts starts starts starts Relation between occurrents, shares a start boundary with. Allen:starts Every insulin receptor signaling pathway starts with the binding of a ligand to the insulin receptor x starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. Chris Mungall started by RO:0002224 uberon starts_with starts_with starts with starts with x develops from part of y if and only if there exists some z such that x develops from z and z is part of y Chris Mungall RO:0002225 uberon develops_from_part_of develops_from_part_of develops from part of develops_from_part_of x develops_in y if x is located in y whilst x is developing Chris Mungall EHDAA2 Jonathan Bard, EHDAA2 RO:0002226 uberon develops_in develops_in This relation take from EHDAA2 - precise semantics yet to be defined develops in develops_in Relation between occurrents, shares an end boundary with. inverse of ends with Chris Mungall RO:0002229 finishes uberon ends ends ends ends Relation between occurrents, shares an end boundary with. Allen:starts ZFS:finishes x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. Chris Mungall finished by RO:0002230 uberon ends_with ends_with ends with ends with x 'has starts location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'starts with' z and z 'occurs in' y Chris Mungall starts with process that occurs in has start location x 'has end location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'ends with' z and z 'occurs in' y Chris Mungall ends with process that occurs in has end location p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p. Chris Mungall consumes has input Mammalian thymus has developmental contribution from some pharyngeal pouch 3; Mammalian thymus has developmental contribution from some pharyngeal pouch 4 [Kardong] x has developmental contribution from y iff x has some part z such that z develops from y Chris Mungall RO:0002254 uberon has_developmental_contribution_from has_developmental_contribution_from has developmental contribution from has developmental contribution from inverse of has developmental contribution from Chris Mungall RO:0002255 uberon developmentally_contributes_to developmentally_contributes_to developmentally contributes to developmentally_contributes_to t1 developmentally_induced_by t2 if there is a process of organ induction (GO:0001759) with t1 and t2 as interacting participants. t2 causes t1 to change its fate from a precursor tissue type T to T', where T' develops_from T. t1 induced_by t2 if there is a process of developmental induction (GO:0031128) with t1 and t2 as interacting participants. t2 causes t1 to change its fate from a precursor anatomical structure type T to T', where T' develops_from T Chris Mungall David Osumi-Sutherland Melissa Haendel induced by Developmental Biology, Gilbert, 8th edition, figure 6.5(F) GO:0001759 We place this under 'developmentally preceded by'. This placement should be examined in the context of reciprocal inductions[cjm] RO:0002256 uberon developmentally_induced_by developmentally_induced_by sources for developmentally_induced_by relationships in Uberon: Developmental Biology, Gilbert, 8th edition, figure 6.5(F) developmentally induced by developmentally_induced_by t1 developmentally_induced_by t2 if there is a process of organ induction (GO:0001759) with t1 and t2 as interacting participants. t2 causes t1 to change its fate from a precursor tissue type T to T', where T' develops_from T. GO:0001759 Inverse of developmentally induced by Chris Mungall developmentally induces Candidate definition: x developmentally related to y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participates in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p false Chris Mungall In general you should not use this relation to make assertions - use one of the more specific relations below this one RO:0002258 uberon developmentally_preceded_by developmentally_preceded_by This relation groups together various other developmental relations. It is fairly generic, encompassing induction, developmental contribution and direct and transitive develops from developmentally preceded by developmentally preceded by A faulty traffic light (material entity) whose malfunctioning (a process) is causally upstream of a traffic collision (a process): the traffic light acts upstream of the collision. c acts upstream of p if and only if c enables some f that is involved in p' and p' occurs chronologically before p, is not part of p, and affects the execution of p. c is a material entity and f, p, p' are processes. acts upstream of A gene product that has some activity, where that activity may be a part of a pathway or upstream of the pathway. c acts upstream of or within p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of or within p. c is a material entity and p is an process. affects acts upstream of or within x developmentally replaces y if and only if there is some developmental process that causes x to move or to cease to exist, and for the site that was occupied by x to become occupied by y, where y either comes into existence in this site or moves to this site from somewhere else This relation is intended for cases such as when we have a bone element replacing its cartilage element precursor. Currently most AOs represent this using 'develops from'. We need to decide whether 'develops from' will be generic and encompass replacement, or whether we need a new name for a generic relation that encompasses replacement and development-via-cell-lineage Chris Mungall replaces RO:0002285 uberon developmentally_replaces developmentally_replaces developmentally replaces developmentally_replaces Inverse of developmentally preceded by Chris Mungall developmentally succeeded by 'hypopharyngeal eminence' SubClassOf 'part of precursor of' some tongue Chris Mungall part of developmental precursor of p results in the developmental progression of s iff p is a developmental process and s is an anatomical structure and p causes s to undergo a change in state at some point along its natural developmental cycle (this cycle starts with its formation, through the mature structure, and ends with its loss). This property and its subproperties are being used primarily for the definition of GO developmental processes. The property hierarchy mirrors the core GO hierarchy. In future we may be able to make do with a more minimal set of properties, but due to the way GO is currently structured we require highly specific relations to avoid incorrect entailments. To avoid this, the corresponding genus terms in GO should be declared mutually disjoint. Chris Mungall results_in_developmental_progression_of results in developmental progression of cjm holds between x and y if and only if x is causally upstream of y and the progression of x increases the frequency, rate or extent of y causally upstream of, positive effect cjm holds between x and y if and only if x is causally upstream of y and the progression of x decreases the frequency, rate or extent of y causally upstream of, negative effect q inheres in part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w. Because part_of is transitive, inheres in is a sub-relation of inheres in part of Chris Mungall inheres in part of true A mereological relationship or a topological relationship Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving parthood or connectivity relationships mereotopologically related to A relationship that holds between entities participating in some developmental process (GO:0032502) Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving organismal development developmentally related to ATP citrate lyase (ACL) in Arabidopsis: it is a heterooctamer, composed of two types of subunits, ACLA and ACLB in a A(4)B(4) stoichiometry. Neither of the subunits expressed alone give ACL activity, but co-expression results in ACL activity. Both subunits contribute_to the ATP citrate lyase activity. Subunits of nuclear RNA polymerases: none of the individual subunits have RNA polymerase activity, yet all of these subunits contribute_to DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity. eIF2: has three subunits (alpha, beta, gamma); one binds GTP; one binds RNA; the whole complex binds the ribosome (all three subunits are required for ribosome binding). So one subunit is annotated to GTP binding and one to RNA binding without qualifiers, and all three stand in the contributes_to relationship to "ribosome binding". And all three are part_of an eIF2 complex We would like to say if and only if exists c', p' c part_of c' and c' capable_of p and c capable_of p' and p' part_of p then c contributes_to p However, this is not possible in OWL. We instead make this relation a sub-relation of the two chains, which gives us the inference in the one direction. Chris Mungall http://www.geneontology.org/GO.annotation.conventions.shtml#contributes_to In the context of the Gene Ontology, contributes_to may be used only with classes from the molecular function ontology. contributes to a particular instances of akt-2 enables some instance of protein kinase activity Chris Mungall catalyzes executes has is catalyzing is executing This relation differs from the parent relation 'capable of' in that the parent is weaker and only expresses a capability that may not be actually realized, whereas this relation is always realized. This relation is currently used experimentally by the Gene Ontology Consortium. It may not be stable and may be obsoleted at some future time. enables A grouping relationship for any relationship directly involving a function, or that holds because of a function of one of the related entities. Chris Mungall This is a grouping relation that collects relations used for the purpose of connecting structure and function RO:0002328 uberon functionally_related_to functionally_related_to functionally related to functionally related to this relation holds between c and p when c is part of some c', and c' is capable of p. Chris Mungall false RO:0002329 uberon part_of_structure_that_is_capable_of part_of_structure_that_is_capable_of part of structure that is capable of part of structure that is capable of true c involved_in p if and only if c enables some process p', and p' is part of p Chris Mungall actively involved in enables part of RO:0002331 protein involved_in false involved_in involved in involved_in inverse of enables Chris Mungall enabled by inverse of regulates Chris Mungall regulated by (processual) regulated by inverse of negatively regulates Chris Mungall negatively regulated by inverse of positively regulates Chris Mungall positively regulated by An organism that is a member of a population of organisms is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection. is member of member part of SIO RO:0002350 uberon member_of member_of member of member of has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item. SIO RO:0002351 uberon has_member has_member has member has member inverse of has input Chris Mungall RO:0002352 uberon input_of input_of input of input of a is attached to b if and only if a and b are discrete objects or object parts, and there are physical connections between a and b such that a force pulling a will move b, or a force pulling b will move a Chris Mungall attached to (anatomical structure to anatomical structure) RO:0002371 uberon attaches_to attaches_to attached to attaches_to A relationship that holds between two material entities in a system of connected structures, where the branching relationship holds based on properties of the connecting network. Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving branching relationships This relation can be used for geographic features (e.g. rivers) as well as anatomical structures (plant branches and roots, leaf veins, animal veins, arteries, nerves) in branching relationship with https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/170 Deschutes River tributary_of Columbia River inferior epigastric vein tributary_of external iliac vein x tributary_of y if and only if x a channel for the flow of a substance into y, where y is larger than x. If x and y are hydrographic features, then y is the main stem of a river, or a lake or bay, but not the sea or ocean. If x and y are anatomical, then y is a vein. Chris Mungall drains into drains to tributary channel of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tributary http://www.medindia.net/glossary/venous_tributary.htm This relation can be used for geographic features (e.g. rivers) as well as anatomical structures (veins, arteries) RO:0002376 uberon drains into tributary_of tributary_of tributary of tributary_of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tributary drains into dbpowl:drainsTo A lump of clay and a statue x spatially_coextensive_with y if and inly if x and y have the same location Chris Mungall This relation is added for formal completeness. It is unlikely to be used in many practical scenarios spatially coextensive with x is a branching part of y if and only if x is part of y and x is connected directly or indirectly to the main stem of y we need to check if FMA branch_of implies part_of. the relation we intend to use here should - for example, see vestibulocochlear nerve Chris Mungall RO:0002380 uberon branching_part_of branching_part_of branching part of branching_part_of FMA:85994 x has developmental potential involving y iff x is capable of a developmental process with output y. y may be the successor of x, or may be a different structure in the vicinity (as for example in the case of developmental induction). Chris Mungall has developmental potential involving x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y Chris Mungall RO:0002385 uberon has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to has potential to developmentally contribute to has potential to developmentally contribute to x has potential to developmentally induce y iff x developmentally induces y or x is capable of developmentally inducing y Chris Mungall has potential to developmentally induce x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y Chris Mungall RO:0002387 uberon has_potential_to_develop_into has_potential_to_develop_into has potential to develop into has potential to develop into x has potential to directly develop into y iff x directly develops into y or x is capable of directly developing into y x has potential to directly develop into y iff x directly develops into y or x is capable of directly developing into y Chris Mungall RO:0002388 uberon has_potential_to_directly_develop_into has_potential_to_directly_develop_into has potential to directly develop into has potential to directly develop into inverse of upstream of Chris Mungall causally downstream of Chris Mungall immediately causally downstream of This relation groups causal relations between material entities and causal relations between processes This branch of the ontology deals with causal relations between entities. It is divided into two branches: causal relations between occurrents/processes, and causal relations between material entities. We take an 'activity flow-centric approach', with the former as primary, and define causal relations between material entities in terms of causal relations between occurrents. To define causal relations in an activity-flow type network, we make use of 3 primitives: * Temporal: how do the intervals of the two occurrents relate? * Is the causal relation regulatory? * Is the influence positive or negative The first of these can be formalized in terms of the Allen Interval Algebra. Informally, the 3 bins we care about are 'direct', 'indirect' or overlapping. Note that all causal relations should be classified under a RO temporal relation (see the branch under 'temporally related to'). Note that all causal relations are temporal, but not all temporal relations are causal. Two occurrents can be related in time without being causally connected. We take causal influence to be primitive, elucidated as being such that has the upstream changed, some qualities of the donwstream would necessarily be modified. For the second, we consider a relationship to be regulatory if the system in which the activities occur is capable of altering the relationship to achieve some objective. This could include changing the rate of production of a molecule. For the third, we consider the effect of the upstream process on the output(s) of the downstream process. If the level of output is increased, or the rate of production of the output is increased, then the direction is increased. Direction can be positive, negative or neutral or capable of either direction. Two positives in succession yield a positive, two negatives in succession yield a positive, otherwise the default assumption is that the net effect is canceled and the influence is neutral. Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different relation types. Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causally related to p is causally upstream of q if and only if p precedes q and p and q are linked in a causal chain Chris Mungall causally upstream of p is immediately causally upstream of q iff both (a) p immediately precedes q and (b) p is causally upstream of q. In addition, the output of p must be an input of q. Chris Mungall immediately causally upstream of p 'causally upstream or within' q iff (1) the end of p is before the end of q and (2) the execution of p exerts some causal influence over the outputs of q; i.e. if p was abolished or the outputs of p were to be modified, this would necessarily affect q. We would like to make this disjoint with 'preceded by', but this is prohibited in OWL2 Chris Mungall influences (processual) affects causally upstream of or within inverse of causally upstream of or within Chris Mungall causally downstream of or within c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' regulates some p Chris Mungall involved in regulation of c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' positively regulates some p Chris Mungall involved in positive regulation of c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' negatively regulates some p Chris Mungall involved in negative regulation of c involved in or regulates p if and only if either (i) c is involved in p or (ii) c is involved in regulation of p OWL does not allow defining object properties via a Union Chris Mungall involved in or reguates involved in or involved in regulation of A protein that enables activity in a cytosol. c executes activity in d if and only if c enables p and p occurs_in d. Assuming no action at a distance by gene products, if a gene product enables (is capable of) a process that occurs in some structure, it must have at least some part in that structure. Chris Mungall executes activity in enables activity in is active in true c executes activity in d if and only if c enables p and p occurs_in d. Assuming no action at a distance by gene products, if a gene product enables (is capable of) a process that occurs in some structure, it must have at least some part in that structure. GOC:cjm GOC:dos p contributes to morphology of w if and only if a change in the morphology of p entails a change in the morphology of w. Examples: every skull contributes to morphology of the head which it is a part of. Counter-example: nuclei do not generally contribute to the morphology of the cell they are part of, as they are buffered by cytoplasm. Chris Mungall RO:0002433 uberon contributes_to_morphology_of contributes_to_morphology_of contributes to morphology of A relationship that holds between two entities in which the processes executed by the two entities are causally connected. Considering relabeling as 'pairwise interacts with' This relation and all sub-relations can be applied to either (1) pairs of entities that are interacting at any moment of time (2) populations or species of entity whose members have the disposition to interact (3) classes whose members have the disposition to interact. Chris Mungall Note that this relationship type, and sub-relationship types may be redundant with process terms from other ontologies. For example, the symbiotic relationship hierarchy parallels GO. The relations are provided as a convenient shortcut. Consider using the more expressive processual form to capture your data. In the future, these relations will be linked to their cognate processes through rules. in pairwise interaction with interacts with http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0914 https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/wiki/InteractionRelations An interaction relationship in which the two partners are molecular entities that directly physically interact with each other for example via a stable binding interaction or a brief interaction during which one modifies the other. Chris Mungall binds molecularly binds with molecularly interacts with http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0915 Axiomatization to GO to be added later Chris Mungall An interaction relation between x and y in which x catalyzes a reaction in which a phosphate group is added to y. phosphorylates Holds between molecular entities A and B where A can physically interact with B and in doing so regulates a process that B is capable of. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A regulates the kinase activity of B. Chris Mungall molecularly controls activity directly regulates activity of Holds between molecular entities A and B where A can physically interact with B and in doing so negatively regulates a process that B is capable of. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A negatively regulates the kinase activity of B. Chris Mungall inhibits molecularly decreases activity of activity directly negatively regulates activity of Holds between molecular entities A and B where A can physically interact with B and in doing so positively regulates a process that B is capable of. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regulates the kinase activity of B. Chris Mungall activates molecularly increases activity of activity directly positively regulates activity of Chris Mungall This property or its subproperties is not to be used directly. These properties exist as helper properties that are used to support OWL reasoning. helper property (not for use in curation) 'otolith organ' SubClassOf 'composed primarily of' some 'calcium carbonate' x composed_primarily_of y if and only if more than half of the mass of x is made from y or units of the same type as y. x composed_primarily_of y iff: more than half of the mass of x is made from parts of y Chris Mungall RO:0002473 uberon RO:0002473 composed_primarily_of composed_primarily_of composed primarily of p has part that occurs in c if and only if there exists some p1, such that p has_part p1, and p1 occurs in c. Chris Mungall has part that occurs in true Chris Mungall is kinase activity Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, typically connecting an anatomical entity to a biological process or developmental stage. relation between structure and stage Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c comes into existing during some s. x existence starts during y if and only if the time point at which x starts is after or equivalent to the time point at which y starts and before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: x existence starts during y iff α(x) >= α(y) & α(x) <= ω(y). Chris Mungall RO:0002488 begins_to_exist_during uberon RO:0002488 existence_starts_during existence_starts_during existence starts during Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c comes into existing during some s. Relation between continuant and occurrent, such that c comes into existence at the start of p. x starts ends with y if and only if the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x existence starts with y iff α(x) = α(y). Chris Mungall RO:0002489 uberon existence_starts_with existence_starts_with existence starts with Relation between continuant and occurrent, such that c comes into existence at the start of p. x existence overlaps y if and only if either (a) the start of x is part of y or (b) the end of x is part of y. Formally: x existence starts and ends during y iff (α(x) >= α(y) & α(x) <= ω(y)) OR (ω(x) <= ω(y) & ω(x) >= α(y)) Chris Mungall The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence overlaps Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c ceases to exist during some s, if it does not die prematurely. x existence ends during y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends and after or equivalent to the point at which y starts. Formally: x existence ends during y iff ω(x) <= ω(y) and ω(x) >= α(y). Chris Mungall RO:0002492 ceases_to_exist_during uberon RO:0002492 existence_ends_during existence_ends_during The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence ends during Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c ceases to exist during some s, if it does not die prematurely. Relation between continuant and occurrent, such that c ceases to exist at the end of p. x existence ends with y if and only if the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: x existence ends with y iff ω(x) = ω(y). Chris Mungall RO:0002493 uberon existence_ends_with existence_ends_with The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence ends with Relation between continuant and occurrent, such that c ceases to exist at the end of p. x transformation of y if x is the immediate transformation of y, or is linked to y through a chain of transformation relationships Chris Mungall RO:0002494 transforms from uberon transformation_of transformation_of transformation of transforms from SIO:000657 x immediate transformation of y iff x immediately succeeds y temporally at a time boundary t, and all of the matter present in x at t is present in y at t, and all the matter in y at t is present in x at t Chris Mungall RO:0002495 direct_transformation_of immediately transforms from uberon immediate_transformation_of immediate_transformation_of immediate transformation of direct_transformation_of immediately transforms from SIO:000658 x existence starts during or after y if and only if the time point at which x starts is after or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x existence starts during or after y iff α (x) >= α (y). Chris Mungall RO:0002496 uberon existence_starts_during_or_after existence_starts_during_or_after The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence starts during or after x existence ends during or before y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Chris Mungall RO:0002497 uberon existence_ends_during_or_before existence_ends_during_or_before The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence ends during or before A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process causal agent in process p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one of direct activation or direct inhibition. p may be upstream, downstream, part of or a container of q. Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between processes Chris Mungall depends on q towards e2 if and only if q is a relational quality such that q inheres-in some e, and e != e2 and q is dependent on e2 This relation is provided in order to support the use of relational qualities such as 'concentration of'; for example, the concentration of C in V is a quality that inheres in V, but pertains to C. Chris Mungall towards The intent is that the process branch of the causal property hierarchy is primary (causal relations hold between occurrents/processes), and that the material branch is defined in terms of the process branch Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between material entities Forelimb SubClassOf has_skeleton some 'Forelimb skeleton' A relation between a segment or subdivision of an organism and the maximal subdivision of material entities that provides structural support for that segment or subdivision. A relation between a subdivision of an organism and the single subdivision of skeleton that provides structural support for that subdivision. Chris Mungall has supporting framework The skeleton of a structure may be a true skeleton (for example, the bony skeleton of a hand) or any kind of support framework (the hydrostatic skeleton of a sea star, the exoskeleton of an insect, the cytoskeleton of a cell). RO:0002551 uberon has sekeletal support has supporting framework has_skeleton has_skeleton has skeleton This should be to a more restricted class, but not the Uberon class may be too restricted since it is a composition-based definition of skeleton rather than functional. A relation between a subdivision of an organism and the single subdivision of skeleton that provides structural support for that subdivision. Chris Mungall causally influenced by (material entity to material entity) causally influenced by Chris Mungall interaction relation helper property https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/wiki/InteractionRelations Chris Mungall molecular interaction relation helper property Holds between materal entities a and b if the activity of a is causally upstream of the activity of b, or causally upstream of a an activity that modifies b Chris Mungall causally influences (material entity to material entity) causally influences A relation that holds between elements of a musculoskeletal system or its analogs. Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving the biomechanical processes. biomechanically related to inverse of branching part of Chris Mungall RO:0002569 uberon has_branching_part has_branching_part has branching part x lumen_of y iff x is the space or substance that is part of y and does not cross any of the inner membranes or boundaries of y that is maximal with respect to the volume of the convex hull. Chris Mungall GOC:cjm RO:0002571 uberon lumen_of lumen_of lumen of s is luminal space of x iff s is lumen_of x and s is an immaterial entity Chris Mungall RO:0002572 uberon luminal_space_of luminal_space_of luminal space of A relation that holds between an attribute or a qualifier and another attribute. Chris Mungall This relation is intended to be used in combination with PATO, to be able to refine PATO quality classes using modifiers such as 'abnormal' and 'normal'. It has yet to be formally aligned into an ontological framework; it's not clear what the ontological status of the "modifiers" are. has modifier inverse of has skeleton Chris Mungall RO:0002576 uberon skeleton_of skeleton_of skeleton of Process(P1) directly regulates process(P2) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. Chris Mungall directly regulates (processual) directly regulates gland SubClassOf 'has part structure that is capable of' some 'secretion by cell' s 'has part structure that is capable of' p if and only if there exists some part x such that s 'has part' x and x 'capable of' p Chris Mungall has part structure that is capable of A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. Chris Mungall causal relation between material entity and a process pyrethroid -> growth Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a regulates p. capable of regulating Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a negatively regulates p. capable of negatively regulating renin -> arteriolar smooth muscle contraction Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a positively regulates p. capable of positively regulating Inverse of 'causal agent in process' process has causal agent A relationship that holds between two entities, where the relationship holds based on the presence or absence of statistical dependence relationship. The entities may be statistical variables, or they may be other kinds of entities such as diseases, chemical entities or processes. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. obsolete related via dependence to true Process(P1) directly postively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly positively regulates P2. directly positively regulates (process to process) directly positively regulates Process(P1) directly negatively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly negatively regulates P2. directly negatively regulates (process to process) directly negatively regulates a produces b if some process that occurs_in a has_output b, where a and b are material entities. Examples: hybridoma cell line produces monoclonal antibody reagent; chondroblast produces avascular GAG-rich matrix. Melissa Haendel RO:0003000 uberon produces produces Note that this definition doesn't quite distinguish the output of a transformation process from a production process, which is related to the identity/granularity issue. produces produces a produced_by b iff some process that occurs_in b has_output a. Melissa Haendel RO:0003001 uberon produced_by produced_by produced by produced_by Holds between an entity and an process P where the entity enables some larger compound process, and that larger process has-part P. cjm 2018-01-25T23:20:13Z enables subfunction cjm 2018-01-26T23:49:30Z acts upstream of or within, positive effect cjm 2018-01-26T23:49:51Z acts upstream of or within, negative effect c 'acts upstream of, positive effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is positive cjm 2018-01-26T23:53:14Z acts upstream of, positive effect c 'acts upstream of, negative effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is negative cjm 2018-01-26T23:53:22Z acts upstream of, negative effect cjm 2018-03-13T23:55:05Z causally upstream of or within, negative effect cjm 2018-03-13T23:55:19Z causally upstream of or within, positive effect chebi_ontology has_functional_parent false false has functional parent chebi_ontology has_parent_hydride false false has parent hydride chebi_ontology is_conjugate_acid_of true false is conjugate acid of chebi_ontology is_conjugate_base_of true false is conjugate base of chebi_ontology is_enantiomer_of true false is enantiomer of chebi_ontology is_substituent_group_from false false is substituent group from chebi_ontology is_tautomer_of true is tautomer of quality correlates_with correlates_with q1 decreased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) < magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. quality decreased_in_magnitude_relative_to This relation is used to determine the 'directionality' of relative qualities such as 'decreased strength', relative to the parent type, 'strength'. decreased_in_magnitude_relative_to q1 decreased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) < magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. PATOC:CJM q1 different_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) NOT =~ magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. quality different_in_magnitude_relative_to different_in_magnitude_relative_to q1 different_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) NOT =~ magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. PATOC:CJM s3 has_cross_section s3 if and only if : there exists some 2d plane that intersects the bearer of s3, and the impression of s3 upon that plane has shape quality s2. quality has_cross_section Example: a spherical object has the quality of being spherical, and the spherical quality has_cross_section round. has_cross_section s3 has_cross_section s3 if and only if : there exists some 2d plane that intersects the bearer of s3, and the impression of s3 upon that plane has shape quality s2. PATOC:CJM q1 increased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) > magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. quality increased_in_magnitude_relative_to This relation is used to determine the 'directionality' of relative qualities such as 'increased strength', relative to the parent type, 'strength'. increased_in_magnitude_relative_to q1 increased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) > magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. PATOC:CJM q1 reciprocal_of q2 if and only if : q1 and q2 are relational qualities and a phenotype e q1 e2 mutually implies a phenotype e2 q2 e. quality reciprocal_of There are frequently two ways to state the same thing: we can say 'spermatocyte lacks asters' or 'asters absent from spermatocyte'. In this case the quality is 'lacking all parts of type' - it is a (relational) quality of the spermatocyte, and it is with respect to instances of 'aster'. One of the popular requirements of PATO is that it continue to support 'absent', so we need to relate statements which use this quality to the 'lacking all parts of type' quality. reciprocal_of q1 reciprocal_of q2 if and only if : q1 and q2 are relational qualities and a phenotype e q1 e2 mutually implies a phenotype e2 q2 e. PATOC:CJM quality towards Relation binding a relational quality or disposition to the relevant type of entity. towards x anteriorly_connected_to y iff the anterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x posterior_to y. uberon anteriorly_connected_to anteriorly connected to x anteriorly_connected_to y iff the anterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x posterior_to y. carries uberon channel_for channel for uberon channels_from channels_from uberon channels_into channels_into x is a conduit for y iff y passes through the lumen of x. uberon conduit_for conduit for uberon existence_starts_and_ends_during existence starts and ends during Relationship between a fluid and a material entity, where the fluid is the output of a realization of a filtration role that inheres in the material entity. uberon filtered_through Relationship between a fluid and a filtration barrier, where the portion of fluid arises as a transformation of another portion of fluid on the other side of the barrier, with larger particles removed filtered through a indirectly_supplies s iff a has a branch and the branch supplies or indirectly supplies s add to RO uberon indirectly_supplies indirectly_supplies x posteriorly_connected_to y iff the posterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x anterior_to y. uberon posteriorly_connected_to posteriorly connected to x posteriorly_connected_to y iff the posterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x anterior_to y. uberon subdivision_of placeholder relation. X = 'subdivision of A' and subdivision_of some B means that X is the mereological sum of A and B subdivision of . uberon transitively_anteriorly_connected_to transitively anteriorly connected to . uberon transitively_connected_to transitively_connected to entity Entity Julius Caesar Verdi’s Requiem the Second World War your body mass index BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81 Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001]) entity Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf per discussion with Barry Smith An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001]) continuant Continuant An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240 Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002]) if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002]) (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] continuant Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002]) if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002]) (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] occurrent Occurrent An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. BFO 2 Reference: every occurrent that is not a temporal or spatiotemporal region is s-dependent on some independent continuant that is not a spatial region BFO 2 Reference: s-dependence obtains between every process and its participants in the sense that, as a matter of necessity, this process could not have existed unless these or those participants existed also. A process may have a succession of participants at different phases of its unfolding. Thus there may be different players on the field at different times during the course of a football game; but the process which is the entire game s-depends_on all of these players nonetheless. Some temporal parts of this process will s-depend_on on only some of the players. Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process. Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame. An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002]) Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001]) b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001]) (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] occurrent Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process. per discussion with Barry Smith Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame. An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002]) Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001]) b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001]) (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] ic IndependentContinuant a chair a heart a leg a molecule a spatial region an atom an orchestra. an organism the bottom right portion of a human torso the interior of your mouth A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001]) For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002]) (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] independent continuant b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001]) For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002]) (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] s-region SpatialRegion BFO 2 Reference: Spatial regions do not participate in processes. Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional. A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001]) All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001]) (forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001] spatial region Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional. per discussion with Barry Smith A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001]) All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001]) (forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001] process Process a process of cell-division, \ a beating of the heart a process of meiosis a process of sleeping the course of a disease the flight of a bird the life of an organism your process of aging. An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) BFO 2 Reference: The realm of occurrents is less pervasively marked by the presence of natural units than is the case in the realm of independent continuants. Thus there is here no counterpart of ‘object’. In BFO 1.0 ‘process’ served as such a counterpart. In BFO 2.0 ‘process’ is, rather, the occurrent counterpart of ‘material entity’. Those natural – as contrasted with engineered, which here means: deliberately executed – units which do exist in the realm of occurrents are typically either parasitic on the existence of natural units on the continuant side, or they are fiat in nature. Thus we can count lives; we can count football games; we can count chemical reactions performed in experiments or in chemical manufacturing. We cannot count the processes taking place, for instance, in an episode of insect mating behavior.Even where natural units are identifiable, for example cycles in a cyclical process such as the beating of a heart or an organism’s sleep/wake cycle, the processes in question form a sequence with no discontinuities (temporal gaps) of the sort that we find for instance where billiard balls or zebrafish or planets are separated by clear spatial gaps. Lives of organisms are process units, but they too unfold in a continuous series from other, prior processes such as fertilization, and they unfold in turn in continuous series of post-life processes such as post-mortem decay. Clear examples of boundaries of processes are almost always of the fiat sort (midnight, a time of death as declared in an operating theater or on a death certificate, the initiation of a state of war) (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] bfo BFO:0000015 process process p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] realizable RealizableEntity the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity. the disposition of your blood to coagulate the function of your reproductive organs the role of being a doctor the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances. To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002]) All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002]) (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] realizable entity To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002]) All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002]) (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] quality Quality the ambient temperature of this portion of air the color of a tomato the length of the circumference of your waist the mass of this piece of gold. the shape of your nose the shape of your nostril a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001]) If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001]) (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001] (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001] bfo BFO:0000019 quality quality a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001]) If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001]) (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001] (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001] sdc SpecificallyDependentContinuant Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates. the disposition of this fish to decay the function of this heart: to pump blood the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79 the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center the role of being a doctor the shape of this hole. the smell of this portion of mozzarella A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc. (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] specifically dependent continuant b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc. per discussion with Barry Smith (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] role Role John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married. the priest role the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories the role of a building in serving as a military target the role of a stone in marking a property boundary the role of subject in a clinical trial the student role A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts. BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives. b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001]) (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] role b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001]) (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] object Object atom cell cells and organisms engineered artifacts grain of sand molecule organelle organism planet solid portions of matter star BFO 2 Reference: BFO rests on the presupposition that at multiple micro-, meso- and macroscopic scales reality exhibits certain stable, spatially separated or separable material units, combined or combinable into aggregates of various sorts (for example organisms into what are called ‘populations’). Such units play a central role in almost all domains of natural science from particle physics to cosmology. Many scientific laws govern the units in question, employing general terms (such as ‘molecule’ or ‘planet’) referring to the types and subtypes of units, and also to the types and subtypes of the processes through which such units develop and interact. The division of reality into such natural units is at the heart of biological science, as also is the fact that these units may form higher-level units (as cells form multicellular organisms) and that they may also form aggregates of units, for example as cells form portions of tissue and organs form families, herds, breeds, species, and so on. At the same time, the division of certain portions of reality into engineered units (manufactured artifacts) is the basis of modern industrial technology, which rests on the distributed mass production of engineered parts through division of labor and on their assembly into larger, compound units such as cars and laptops. The division of portions of reality into units is one starting point for the phenomenon of counting. BFO 2 Reference: Each object is such that there are entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its interior, and other entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its exterior. This may not be so for entities lying at or near the boundary between the interior and exterior. This means that two objects – for example the two cells depicted in Figure 3 – may be such that there are material entities crossing their boundaries which belong determinately to neither cell. Something similar obtains in certain cases of conjoined twins (see below). BFO 2 Reference: To say that b is causally unified means: b is a material entity which is such that its material parts are tied together in such a way that, in environments typical for entities of the type in question,if c, a continuant part of b that is in the interior of b at t, is larger than a certain threshold size (which will be determined differently from case to case, depending on factors such as porosity of external cover) and is moved in space to be at t at a location on the exterior of the spatial region that had been occupied by b at t, then either b’s other parts will be moved in coordinated fashion or b will be damaged (be affected, for example, by breakage or tearing) in the interval between t and t.causal changes in one part of b can have consequences for other parts of b without the mediation of any entity that lies on the exterior of b. Material entities with no proper material parts would satisfy these conditions trivially. Candidate examples of types of causal unity for material entities of more complex sorts are as follows (this is not intended to be an exhaustive list):CU1: Causal unity via physical coveringHere the parts in the interior of the unified entity are combined together causally through a common membrane or other physical covering\. The latter points outwards toward and may serve a protective function in relation to what lies on the exterior of the entity [13, 47 BFO 2 Reference: an object is a maximal causally unified material entity BFO 2 Reference: ‘objects’ are sometimes referred to as ‘grains’ [74 b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001]) bfo BFO:0000030 object object b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001]) gdc GenericallyDependentContinuant The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity. the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule. A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time. b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] generically dependent continuant b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] material MaterialEntity a flame a forest fire a human being a hurricane a photon a puff of smoke a sea wave a tornado an aggregate of human beings. an energy wave an epidemic the undetached arm of a human being An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60 BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity. BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here. A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002]) (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] bfo BFO:0000040 material entity material entity A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002]) (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] immaterial ImmaterialEntity BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are divided into two subgroups:boundaries and sites, which bound, or are demarcated in relation, to material entities, and which can thus change location, shape and size and as their material hosts move or change shape or size (for example: your nasal passage; the hold of a ship; the boundary of Wales (which moves with the rotation of the Earth) [38, 7, 10 immaterial entity anatomical entity connected anatomical structure material anatomical entity immaterial anatomical entity cell part (CARO) cell part multicellular anatomical structure biological entity Elementary particle not affected by the strong force having a spin 1/2, a negative elementary charge and a rest mass of 0.000548579903(13) u, or 0.51099906(15) MeV. -1 0.000548579903 0.0 KEGG:C05359 PMID:21614077 Wikipedia:Electron electron chebi_ontology Elektron beta beta(-) beta-particle e e(-) e- negatron CHEBI:10545 electron PMID:21614077 Europe PMC electron ChEBI electron IUPAC electron KEGG_COMPOUND Elektron ChEBI beta IUPAC beta(-) ChEBI beta-particle IUPAC e IUPAC e(-) UniProt e- KEGG_COMPOUND negatron IUPAC Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Mycoplasma genitalium. chebi_ontology Mycoplasma genitalium metabolites CHEBI:131604 Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite Mycoplasma genitalium metabolites ChEBI A reagent that lightens or whitens a substrate through chemical reaction. Bleaching reactions usually involve oxidative or reductive processes that degrade colour systems. Bleaching can occur by destroying one or more of the double bonds in the conjugated chain, by cleaving the conjugated chain, or by oxidation of one of the other moieties in the conjugated chain. Their reactivity results in many bleaches having strong bactericidal, disinfecting, and sterilising properties. Wikipedia:Bleach chebi_ontology CHEBI:132717 bleaching agent A drug that makes increases the sensitivity of tumour cells to radiation therapy. PMID:12520460 Wikipedia:Radiosensitizer chebi_ontology radiosensitiser radiosensitisers radiosensitising agent radiosensitising agents radiosensitizer radiosensitizers radiosensitizing agents CHEBI:132992 radiosensitizing agent PMID:12520460 Europe PMC radiosensitiser ChEBI radiosensitisers ChEBI radiosensitising agent ChEBI radiosensitising agents ChEBI radiosensitizer ChEBI radiosensitizers ChEBI radiosensitizing agents ChEBI Any organic compound having an initial boiling point less than or equal to 250 degreeC (482 degreeF) measured at a standard atmospheric pressure of 101.3 kPa. Wikipedia:Volatile_organic_compound chebi_ontology VOC VOCs volatile organic compounds CHEBI:134179 volatile organic compound VOC ChEBI VOCs ChEBI volatile organic compounds ChEBI An alkanesulfonate in which the carbon at position 1 is attached to R, which can represent hydrogens, a carbon chain, or other groups. -1 CH2O3SR 94.091 93.97246 C(S([O-])(=O)=O)* CHEBI:22318 MetaCyc:Alkanesulfonates chebi_ontology alkanesulfonate oxoanions alkanesulfonates an alkanesulfonate CHEBI:134249 alkanesulfonate oxoanion alkanesulfonate oxoanions ChEBI alkanesulfonates ChEBI an alkanesulfonate UniProt A compound that, on administration, undergoes conversion by biochemical (enzymatic), chemical (possibly following an enzymatic step), or physical (e.g. photochemical) activation processes before becoming the active agent for which it is a pro-agent. PMID:26449612 chebi_ontology pro-agents proagent proagents CHEBI:136859 pro-agent PMID:26449612 Europe PMC pro-agents ChEBI proagent ChEBI proagents ChEBI Any steroid that has beta-configuration at position 5. chebi_ontology 5beta steroids 5beta-steroid 5beta-steroids CHEBI:136889 5beta steroid 5beta steroids ChEBI 5beta-steroid ChEBI 5beta-steroids ChEBI The monoprotonated form of quinine, the predominant species at pH7.3. +1 C20H25N2O2 InChI=1S/C20H24N2O2/c1-3-13-12-22-9-7-14(13)10-19(22)20(23)16-6-8-21-18-5-4-15(24-2)11-17(16)18/h3-6,8,11,13-14,19-20,23H,1,7,9-10,12H2,2H3/p+1/t13-,14-,19-,20+/m0/s1 LOUPRKONTZGTKE-WZBLMQSHSA-O 325.42470 325.19105 [H][C@]1(C[C@@H]2CC[N@H+]1C[C@@H]2C=C)[C@H](O)c1ccnc2ccc(OC)cc12 (9R)-9-hydroxy-6'-methoxy-8alpha-cinchonan-1-ium chebi_ontology quinine CHEBI:137041 quinine(1+) (9R)-9-hydroxy-6'-methoxy-8alpha-cinchonan-1-ium IUPAC quinine UniProt An atom of an element that exhibits properties that are between those of metals and nonmetals, or that has a mixture of them. The term generally includes boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium, while carbon, aluminium, selenium, polonium, and astatine are less commonly included. Wikipedia:Metalloid chebi_ontology metalloid metalloids CHEBI:137980 metalloid atom metalloid ChEBI metalloids ChEBI An organic cation obtained by protonation of any tertiary amine. +1 HNR3 15.015 15.01090 [NH+](*)(*)* chebi_ontology a tertiary amine tertiary amine(1+) tertiary ammonium ions CHEBI:137982 tertiary ammonium ion a tertiary amine UniProt tertiary amine(1+) ChEBI tertiary ammonium ions ChEBI An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidine bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position 2. 0 C10H14N2 InChI=1S/C10H14N2/c1-12-7-3-5-10(12)9-4-2-6-11-8-9/h2,4,6,8,10H,3,5,7H2,1H3 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 162.232 162.11570 C=1C=C(C2N(CCC2)C)C=NC1 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine chebi_ontology CHEBI:138000 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine IUPAC Any compound that can disrupt the functions of the endocrine (hormone) system PMID:27929035 PMID:28356401 PMID:28526231 Wikipedia:Endocrine_disruptor chebi_ontology endocrine disrupting chemical endocrine disrupting chemicals endocrine disrupting compound endocrine disrupting compounds endocrine disruptors endocrine-disrupting chemical endocrine-disrupting chemicals hormonally active agent hormonally active agents CHEBI:138015 endocrine disruptor PMID:27929035 Europe PMC PMID:28356401 Europe PMC PMID:28526231 Europe PMC endocrine disrupting chemical ChEBI endocrine disrupting chemicals ChEBI endocrine disrupting compound ChEBI endocrine disrupting compounds ChEBI endocrine disruptors ChEBI endocrine-disrupting chemical ChEBI endocrine-disrupting chemicals ChEBI hormonally active agent ChEBI hormonally active agents ChEBI A Bronsted acid derived from one or more inorganic compounds. Inorganic acids (also known as mineral acids) form hydrons and conjugate base ions when dissolved in water. Wikipedia:Mineral_acid chebi_ontology inorganic acids mineral acid mineral acids CHEBI:138103 inorganic acid inorganic acids ChEBI mineral acid ChEBI mineral acids ChEBI Any main group molecular entity that is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure (STP; 0degreeC and 100 kPa). Wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas chebi_ontology gas molecular entities gaseous molecular entities gaseous molecular entity CHEBI:138675 gas molecular entity gas molecular entities ChEBI gaseous molecular entities ChEBI gaseous molecular entity ChEBI -1 CH2NO2 InChI=1S/CH3NO2/c2-1(3)4/h2H2,(H,3,4)/p-1 KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 60.03212 60.00910 NC([O-])=O Beilstein:3903503 CAS:302-11-4 Gmelin:239604 carbamate chebi_ontology Carbamat Karbamat carbamate ion carbamic acid, ion(1-) CHEBI:13941 carbamate Beilstein:3903503 Beilstein CAS:302-11-4 ChemIDplus Gmelin:239604 Gmelin carbamate IUPAC carbamate UniProt Carbamat ChEBI Karbamat ChEBI carbamate ion ChemIDplus carbamic acid, ion(1-) ChemIDplus An alpha-oxyketone that has a hydroxy group as the alpha-oxy moiety. PMID:15326516 PMID:19908854 PMID:20382022 PMID:23295224 chebi_ontology alpha-hydroxy ketones alpha-hydroxy-ketone alpha-hydroxy-ketones alpha-hydroxyketone alpha-hydroxyketones CHEBI:139588 alpha-hydroxy ketone PMID:15326516 Europe PMC PMID:19908854 Europe PMC PMID:20382022 Europe PMC PMID:23295224 Europe PMC alpha-hydroxy ketones ChEBI alpha-hydroxy-ketone ChEBI alpha-hydroxy-ketones ChEBI alpha-hydroxyketone ChEBI alpha-hydroxyketones ChEBI An alpha-hydroxy ketone in which the carbonyl group and the hydroxy group are linked by a carbon bearing two organyl groups. 0 C2HO2R3 57.028 56.99765 C(C(=O)*)(O)(*)* chebi_ontology tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketones tertiary alpha-hydroxy-ketone tertiary alpha-hydroxy-ketones tertiary alpha-hydroxyketone tertiary alpha-hydroxyketones CHEBI:139592 tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketones ChEBI tertiary alpha-hydroxy-ketone ChEBI tertiary alpha-hydroxy-ketones ChEBI tertiary alpha-hydroxyketone ChEBI tertiary alpha-hydroxyketones ChEBI Any saturated fatty acid containing 4 carbons. 0 CHO2R 45.017 44.99765 *C(O)=O chebi_ontology CHEBI:140601 fatty acid 4:0 A purine ribonucleoside that is a purine derivative attached to a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue at position 9 via a glycosidic (N-glycosyl) linkage. 0 C10H11N4O4R2 251.219 251.07803 C1(=*)NC(=NC2=C1N=CN2[C@@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3O)* chebi_ontology a purine D-ribonucleoside CHEBI:142355 purines D-ribonucleoside a purine D-ribonucleoside UniProt A organic ion resulting from the deprotonation of the hydroxy group of any oxime. -1 CNO 42.017 41.99799 C(*)(=N[O-])* oxime anion chebi_ontology oximate oximates oxime anions CHEBI:142513 oxime anion oxime anion ChEBI oximate ChEBI oximates ChEBI oxime anions ChEBI Conjugate base of ouabain; major species at pH 7.3. -1 C29H43O12 InChI=1S/C29H43O12/c1-13-22(34)23(35)24(36)25(40-13)41-15-8-19(32)28(12-30)21-17(3-5-27(28,37)9-15)29(38)6-4-16(14-7-20(33)39-11-14)26(29,2)10-18(21)31/h7,11,13,15-19,21-25,30-32,34-38H,3-6,8-10,12H2,1-2H3/q-1/t13-,15-,16+,17+,18+,19+,21+,22-,23+,24+,25-,26+,27-,28+,29-/m0/s1 MPLJNVZJPLASQC-HBYQJFLCSA-N 583.652 583.27600 O1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]1O[C@H]2C[C@H]([C@]3([C@@](C2)(CC[C@]4([C@]5(CC[C@@H]([C@]5(C[C@H]([C@]34[H])O)C)C=6[CH-]OC(C6)=O)O)[H])O)CO)O)O)O)O)C chebi_ontology ouabain CHEBI:145798 ouabain(1-) ouabain UniProt A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from hydrogen sulfide. -2 S InChI=1S/S/q-2 UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 32.06600 31.97317 [S--] CAS:18496-25-8 UM-BBD_compID:c0569 sulfanediide sulfide(2-) chebi_ontology S(2-) Sulfide sulphide CHEBI:15138 sulfide(2-) CAS:18496-25-8 ChemIDplus UM-BBD_compID:c0569 UM-BBD sulfanediide IUPAC sulfide(2-) IUPAC S(2-) IUPAC Sulfide ChemIDplus sulphide ChEBI A purine nucleobase found in humans and other organisms. 0 C5H4N4O2 152.111 152.03343 ECMDB:ECMDB00292 KNApSAcK:C00019660 PMID:1557408 PMID:24629268 PMID:9007687 YMDB:YMDB00263 xanthine chebi_ontology 2,6-dioxopurine 2,6-dioxopurines xanthines CHEBI:15318 xanthine PMID:1557408 Europe PMC PMID:24629268 Europe PMC PMID:9007687 Europe PMC xanthine ChEBI 2,6-dioxopurine ChEBI 2,6-dioxopurines ChEBI xanthines ChEBI A molecular entity that can accept an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group from another molecular entity. CHEBI:13699 CHEBI:2377 KEGG:C00028 KEGG:C16722 Acceptor chebi_ontology A Akzeptor Hydrogen-acceptor Oxidized donor accepteur CHEBI:15339 acceptor Acceptor KEGG_COMPOUND A KEGG_COMPOUND Akzeptor ChEBI Hydrogen-acceptor KEGG_COMPOUND Oxidized donor KEGG_COMPOUND accepteur ChEBI A methyl ketone that consists of propane bearing an oxo group at C2. 0 C3H6O InChI=1S/C3H6O/c1-3(2)4/h1-2H3 CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 58.07914 58.04186 CC(C)=O CHEBI:13708 CHEBI:22182 CHEBI:2398 CHEBI:40571 Beilstein:635680 CAS:67-64-1 Gmelin:1466 HMDB:HMDB0001659 KEGG:C00207 KEGG:D02311 LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMFA12000057 MetaCyc:ACETONE PDBeChem:ACN PMID:17190852 PMID:17347819 Reaxys:635680 UM-BBD_compID:c0556 Wikipedia:Acetone ACETONE Acetone acetone propan-2-one chebi_ontology 2-Propanone Aceton Azeton Dimethyl ketone Dimethylketon Propanon Pyroacetic ether beta-Ketopropane dimethylcetone dimethylketone methyl ketone propanone CHEBI:15347 acetone Beilstein:635680 Beilstein CAS:67-64-1 ChemIDplus CAS:67-64-1 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:67-64-1 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:1466 Gmelin LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMFA12000057 LIPID MAPS PMID:17190852 Europe PMC PMID:17347819 Europe PMC Reaxys:635680 Reaxys UM-BBD_compID:c0556 UM-BBD ACETONE PDBeChem Acetone KEGG_COMPOUND acetone ChEBI acetone UniProt propan-2-one IUPAC 2-Propanone KEGG_COMPOUND Aceton ChemIDplus Azeton ChEBI Dimethyl ketone KEGG_COMPOUND Dimethylketon ChEBI Propanon ChEBI Pyroacetic ether HMDB beta-Ketopropane HMDB dimethylcetone ChEBI dimethylketone MetaCyc methyl ketone ChemIDplus propanone ChemIDplus Actylcholine is an ester of acetic acid and choline, which acts as a neurotransmitter. +1 C7H16NO2 InChI=1S/C7H16NO2/c1-7(9)10-6-5-8(2,3)4/h5-6H2,1-4H3/q+1 OIPILFWXSMYKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 146.20748 146.11756 CC(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C CHEBI:12686 CHEBI:13715 CHEBI:22197 CHEBI:2416 CHEBI:40559 Beilstein:1764436 CAS:51-84-3 DrugBank:DB03128 Drug_Central:65 Gmelin:326108 KEGG:C01996 LINCS:LSM-5888 PDBeChem:ACH PMID:14764638 PMID:15014918 PMID:15231705 PMID:15361288 PMID:18050502 PMID:18407448 PMID:19255787 PMID:20963497 PMID:21130809 PMID:21246223 PMID:21545631 PMID:21601579 Wikipedia:Acetylcholine 2-acetyloxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium ACETYLCHOLINE Acetylcholine acetylcholine chebi_ontology ACh Azetylcholin O-Acetylcholine choline acetate CHEBI:15355 acetylcholine Beilstein:1764436 ChemIDplus CAS:51-84-3 ChemIDplus CAS:51-84-3 KEGG COMPOUND Drug_Central:65 DrugCentral Gmelin:326108 Gmelin PMID:14764638 Europe PMC PMID:15014918 Europe PMC PMID:15231705 Europe PMC PMID:15361288 Europe PMC PMID:18050502 Europe PMC PMID:18407448 Europe PMC PMID:19255787 Europe PMC PMID:20963497 Europe PMC PMID:21130809 Europe PMC PMID:21246223 Europe PMC PMID:21545631 Europe PMC PMID:21601579 Europe PMC 2-acetyloxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium IUPAC ACETYLCHOLINE PDBeChem Acetylcholine KEGG_COMPOUND acetylcholine UniProt ACh ChemIDplus Azetylcholin ChEBI O-Acetylcholine KEGG_COMPOUND choline acetate ChemIDplus A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3. 0 C3H7NO2S InChI=1S/C3H7NO2S/c4-2(1-7)3(5)6/h2,7H,1,4H2,(H,5,6) XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 121.15922 121.01975 NC(CS)C(O)=O CHEBI:14061 CHEBI:23508 CHEBI:4050 Beilstein:1721406 CAS:3374-22-9 Gmelin:2933 KEGG:C00736 KNApSAcK:C00001351 KNApSAcK:C00007323 PMID:17439666 PMID:25181601 Reaxys:1721406 Wikipedia:Cysteine Cysteine cysteine chebi_ontology 2-Amino-3-mercaptopropionic acid 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid 2-amino-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid C Cys Cystein Hcys Zystein cisteina CHEBI:15356 cysteine Beilstein:1721406 Beilstein CAS:3374-22-9 ChemIDplus CAS:3374-22-9 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:3374-22-9 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:2933 Gmelin PMID:17439666 Europe PMC PMID:25181601 Europe PMC Reaxys:1721406 Reaxys Cysteine KEGG_COMPOUND cysteine ChEBI cysteine IUPAC 2-Amino-3-mercaptopropionic acid KEGG_COMPOUND 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid JCBN 2-amino-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid IUPAC C ChEBI Cys ChEBI Cystein ChEBI Hcys IUPAC Zystein ChEBI cisteina ChEBI A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons. 0 C2H4O2 InChI=1S/C2H4O2/c1-2(3)4/h1H3,(H,3,4) QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 60.05200 60.02113 CC(O)=O CHEBI:22169 CHEBI:2387 CHEBI:40486 Beilstein:506007 CAS:64-19-7 Drug_Central:4211 Gmelin:1380 HMDB:HMDB0000042 KEGG:C00033 KEGG:D00010 KNApSAcK:C00001176 LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMFA01010002 MetaCyc:ACET PDBeChem:ACT PDBeChem:ACY PMID:12005138 PMID:15107950 PMID:16630552 PMID:16774200 PMID:17190852 PMID:19416101 PMID:19469536 PMID:22153255 PMID:22173419 PPDB:1333 Reaxys:506007 Wikipedia:Acetic_acid ACETIC ACID Acetic acid acetic acid chebi_ontology AcOH CH3-COOH CH3CO2H E 260 E-260 E260 Essigsaeure Ethanoic acid Ethylic acid HOAc INS No. 260 MeCO2H MeCOOH Methanecarboxylic acid acide acetique ethoic acid CHEBI:15366 acetic acid Beilstein:506007 Beilstein CAS:64-19-7 ChemIDplus CAS:64-19-7 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:64-19-7 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:4211 DrugCentral Gmelin:1380 Gmelin LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMFA01010002 LIPID MAPS PMID:12005138 Europe PMC PMID:15107950 Europe PMC PMID:16630552 Europe PMC PMID:16774200 Europe PMC PMID:17190852 Europe PMC PMID:19416101 Europe PMC PMID:19469536 Europe PMC PMID:22153255 Europe PMC PMID:22173419 Europe PMC Reaxys:506007 Reaxys ACETIC ACID PDBeChem Acetic acid KEGG_COMPOUND acetic acid IUPAC AcOH ChEBI CH3-COOH IUPAC CH3CO2H ChEBI E 260 ChEBI E-260 ChEBI E260 ChEBI Essigsaeure ChEBI Ethanoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND Ethylic acid ChemIDplus HOAc ChEBI INS No. 260 ChEBI MeCO2H ChEBI MeCOOH ChEBI Methanecarboxylic acid ChemIDplus acide acetique ChemIDplus ethoic acid ChEBI An adenosine 5'-phosphate in which the 5'-phosphate is a triphosphate group. It is involved in the transportation of chemical energy during metabolic pathways. 0 C10H16N5O13P3 InChI=1S/C10H16N5O13P3/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(17)6(16)4(26-10)1-25-30(21,22)28-31(23,24)27-29(18,19)20/h2-4,6-7,10,16-17H,1H2,(H,21,22)(H,23,24)(H2,11,12,13)(H2,18,19,20)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1 ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-KQYNXXCUSA-N 507.18100 506.99575 Nc1ncnc2n(cnc12)[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O CHEBI:10789 CHEBI:10841 CHEBI:13236 CHEBI:22249 CHEBI:2359 CHEBI:40938 Beilstein:73010 CAS:56-65-5 DrugBank:DB00171 Drug_Central:91 Gmelin:34857 HMDB:HMDB0000538 KEGG:C00002 KEGG:D08646 KNApSAcK:C00001491 PDBeChem:ATP Patent:US3079379 Reaxys:73010 Wikipedia:Adenosine_triphosphate ATP adenosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate) chebi_ontology ADENOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE Adenosine 5'-triphosphate Adenosine triphosphate H4atp CHEBI:15422 ATP Beilstein:73010 Beilstein CAS:56-65-5 ChemIDplus CAS:56-65-5 KEGG COMPOUND Drug_Central:91 DrugCentral Gmelin:34857 Gmelin Reaxys:73010 Reaxys ATP KEGG_COMPOUND adenosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate) IUPAC ADENOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE PDBeChem Adenosine 5'-triphosphate KEGG_COMPOUND Adenosine triphosphate ChemIDplus H4atp IUPAC Aldehydic parent sugars (polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H, n >= 2) and their intramolecular hemiacetals. 0 C2H4O2(CH2O)n CHEBI:13755 CHEBI:22305 CHEBI:2561 KEGG:C01370 Wikipedia:Aldose Aldose chebi_ontology aldoses an aldose CHEBI:15693 aldose Aldose KEGG_COMPOUND aldoses ChEBI an aldose UniProt Any alpha-amino acid having L-configuration at the alpha-carbon. 0 C2H4NO2R 74.05870 74.02420 N[C@@H]([*])C(O)=O CHEBI:13072 CHEBI:13243 CHEBI:13797 CHEBI:21224 CHEBI:6175 KEGG:C00151 L-alpha-amino acid L-alpha-amino acids chebi_ontology L-2-Amino acid L-Amino acid L-alpha-amino acids CHEBI:15705 L-alpha-amino acid L-alpha-amino acid IUPAC L-alpha-amino acids IUPAC L-2-Amino acid KEGG_COMPOUND L-Amino acid KEGG_COMPOUND L-alpha-amino acids ChEBI A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it. 0 CH3OR 31.034 31.01839 *C(O)([H])[H] CHEBI:13676 CHEBI:14887 CHEBI:26262 CHEBI:57489 CHEBI:8406 KEGG:C00226 Primary alcohol chebi_ontology 1-Alcohol a primary alcohol primary alcohols CHEBI:15734 primary alcohol Primary alcohol KEGG_COMPOUND 1-Alcohol KEGG_COMPOUND a primary alcohol UniProt primary alcohols ChEBI A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of formic acid. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects. -1 CHO2 InChI=1S/CH2O2/c2-1-3/h1H,(H,2,3)/p-1 BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 45.01744 44.99820 [H]C([O-])=O CHEBI:14276 CHEBI:24081 Beilstein:1901205 CAS:71-47-6 Gmelin:1006 HMDB:HMDB0000142 KEGG:C00058 MetaCyc:FORMATE PMID:17190852 PMID:3946945 Reaxys:1901205 UM-BBD_compID:c0106 Wikipedia:Formate formate chebi_ontology HCO2 anion aminate formiate formic acid, ion(1-) formylate hydrogen carboxylate methanoate CHEBI:15740 formate Beilstein:1901205 Beilstein CAS:71-47-6 ChemIDplus CAS:71-47-6 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:1006 Gmelin PMID:17190852 Europe PMC PMID:3946945 Europe PMC Reaxys:1901205 Reaxys UM-BBD_compID:c0106 UM-BBD formate IUPAC formate UniProt HCO2 anion NIST_Chemistry_WebBook aminate ChEBI formiate ChEBI formic acid, ion(1-) ChemIDplus formylate ChEBI hydrogen carboxylate ChEBI methanoate ChEBI An primary alcohol that is butan-1-ol in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a methyl group. 0 C5H12O InChI=1S/C5H12O/c1-5(2)3-4-6/h5-6H,3-4H2,1-2H3 PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 88.14818 88.08882 CC(C)CCO CHEBI:11855 CHEBI:1597 CHEBI:20125 CHEBI:43359 Beilstein:1718835 CAS:123-51-3 DrugBank:DB02296 Gmelin:49460 HMDB:HMDB0006007 KEGG:C07328 PMID:23043843 PMID:23698045 PMID:24487533 PMID:24767042 PMID:24804072 PMID:24862930 Reaxys:1718835 YMDB:YMDB00570 3-methylbutan-1-ol isoamylol chebi_ontology 1-HYDROXY-3-METHYLBUTANE 2-methyl-4-butanol 3-Methylbutanol 3-methyl-1-butanol 3-methylbutanol Iso-amylalkohol Isoamyl alcohol Isopentyl alcohol Isopentylalkohol alcool isoamylique i-amyl alcohol isobutylcarbinol isopentan-1-ol isopentanol primary isoamyl alcohol CHEBI:15837 isoamylol Beilstein:1718835 Beilstein CAS:123-51-3 ChemIDplus CAS:123-51-3 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:123-51-3 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:49460 Gmelin PMID:23043843 Europe PMC PMID:23698045 Europe PMC PMID:24487533 Europe PMC PMID:24767042 Europe PMC PMID:24804072 Europe PMC PMID:24862930 Europe PMC Reaxys:1718835 Reaxys 3-methylbutan-1-ol IUPAC isoamylol ChemIDplus 1-HYDROXY-3-METHYLBUTANE PDBeChem 2-methyl-4-butanol ChemIDplus 3-Methylbutanol KEGG_COMPOUND 3-methyl-1-butanol NIST_Chemistry_WebBook 3-methylbutanol UniProt Iso-amylalkohol ChemIDplus Isoamyl alcohol KEGG_COMPOUND Isopentyl alcohol KEGG_COMPOUND Isopentylalkohol ChEBI alcool isoamylique ChemIDplus i-amyl alcohol NIST_Chemistry_WebBook isobutylcarbinol ChemIDplus isopentan-1-ol NIST_Chemistry_WebBook isopentanol ChemIDplus primary isoamyl alcohol ChemIDplus A cinchona alkaloid that is cinchonidine in which the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring is substituted by methoxy. 0 C20H24N2O2 InChI=1S/C20H24N2O2/c1-3-13-12-22-9-7-14(13)10-19(22)20(23)16-6-8-21-18-5-4-15(24-2)11-17(16)18/h3-6,8,11,13-14,19-20,23H,1,7,9-10,12H2,2H3/t13-,14-,19-,20+/m0/s1 LOUPRKONTZGTKE-WZBLMQSHSA-N 324.41680 324.18378 [H][C@]1(C[C@@H]2CC[N@]1C[C@@H]2C=C)[C@H](O)c1ccnc2ccc(OC)cc12 CHEBI:127176 CHEBI:15001 CHEBI:26499 CHEBI:355947 CHEBI:569215 CHEBI:602929 CHEBI:8723 Beilstein:91867 CAS:130-95-0 DrugBank:DB00468 Drug_Central:4523 KEGG:C06526 KEGG:D08460 KNApSAcK:C00002193 PMID:10821711 PMID:10891117 PMID:10937718 PMID:11212126 PMID:11549443 PMID:11728183 PMID:11844668 PMID:11855978 PMID:12127529 PMID:12213073 PMID:12217353 PMID:12477351 PMID:12502361 PMID:12798326 PMID:12873511 PMID:14761192 PMID:15026051 PMID:15027870 PMID:15225721 PMID:15857133 PMID:16524728 PMID:16933872 PMID:17482816 PMID:17506538 PMID:17570664 PMID:17850126 PMID:18348514 PMID:18788725 PMID:2579237 PMID:2657065 PMID:7009867 PMID:8182707 Wikipedia:Quinine (9R)-6'-methoxy-8alpha-cinchonan-9-ol Quinine quinine chebi_ontology (-)-Quinine (-)-quinine (8S,9R)-quinine (R)-(-)-quinine (R)-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)((2S,4S,8R)-8-vinylquinuclidin-2-yl)methanol 6'-methoxycinchonidine Chinin chinine chininum quinina CHEBI:15854 quinine Beilstein:91867 Beilstein CAS:130-95-0 ChemIDplus CAS:130-95-0 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:130-95-0 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:4523 DrugCentral PMID:10821711 ChEMBL PMID:10891117 ChEMBL PMID:10937718 ChEMBL PMID:11212126 ChEMBL PMID:11549443 ChEMBL PMID:11728183 ChEMBL PMID:11844668 ChEMBL PMID:11855978 ChEMBL PMID:12127529 ChEMBL PMID:12213073 ChEMBL PMID:12217353 ChEMBL PMID:12477351 ChEMBL PMID:12502361 ChEMBL PMID:12798326 ChEMBL PMID:12873511 ChEMBL PMID:14761192 Europe PMC PMID:15026051 ChEMBL PMID:15027870 ChEMBL PMID:15225721 ChEMBL PMID:15857133 ChEMBL PMID:16524728 ChEMBL PMID:16933872 ChEMBL PMID:17482816 ChEMBL PMID:17506538 ChEMBL PMID:17570664 ChEMBL PMID:17850126 ChEMBL PMID:18348514 ChEMBL PMID:18788725 ChEMBL PMID:2579237 ChEMBL PMID:2657065 ChEMBL PMID:7009867 ChEMBL PMID:8182707 ChEMBL (9R)-6'-methoxy-8alpha-cinchonan-9-ol IUPAC Quinine KEGG_COMPOUND quinine ChEMBL (-)-Quinine KEGG_COMPOUND (-)-quinine ChemIDplus (8S,9R)-quinine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook (R)-(-)-quinine ChEBI (R)-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)((2S,4S,8R)-8-vinylquinuclidin-2-yl)methanol ChEBI 6'-methoxycinchonidine ChEBI Chinin ChemIDplus chinine ChEBI chininum ChEBI quinina ChEBI -1 Br InChI=1S/BrH/h1H/p-1 CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 79.90400 78.91889 [Br-] CHEBI:13918 CHEBI:3178 CHEBI:49515 Beilstein:3587179 CAS:24959-67-9 Gmelin:14908 KEGG:C00720 KEGG:C01324 PDBeChem:BR Bromide bromide bromide(1-) chebi_ontology BROMIDE ION Br(-) Br- bromine anion CHEBI:15858 bromide Beilstein:3587179 Beilstein CAS:24959-67-9 ChemIDplus CAS:24959-67-9 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:24959-67-9 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:14908 Gmelin Bromide KEGG_COMPOUND bromide IUPAC bromide UniProt bromide(1-) IUPAC BROMIDE ION PDBeChem Br(-) IUPAC Br- KEGG_COMPOUND bromine anion NIST_Chemistry_WebBook A nucleobase-containing molecular entity with a polymeric structure comprised of a linear sequence of 13 or more nucleotide residues. 0 (C5H8O6PR)n.C10H17O10PR2 CHEBI:13672 CHEBI:14859 CHEBI:8312 KEGG:C00419 Polynucleotide chebi_ontology polynucleotides CHEBI:15986 polynucleotide Polynucleotide KEGG_COMPOUND polynucleotides ChEBI A monoatomic monoanion resulting from the addition of an electron to any halogen atom. -1 X 0.0 0.0 [*-] CHEBI:14384 CHEBI:5605 KEGG:C00462 halide ions chebi_ontology HX Halide a halide anion halide anions halide(1-) halides halogen anion CHEBI:16042 halide anion halide ions IUPAC HX KEGG_COMPOUND Halide KEGG_COMPOUND a halide anion UniProt halide anions ChEBI halide(1-) ChEBI halides ChEBI halogen anion ChEBI The simplest member of the class of cyclopentanols bearing a single hydroxy substituent. The parent of the class of cyclopentanols. 0 C5H10O InChI=1S/C5H10O/c6-5-3-1-2-4-5/h5-6H,1-4H2 XCIXKGXIYUWCLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 86.13230 86.07316 OC1CCCC1 CHEBI:14057 CHEBI:23494 CHEBI:4022 CAS:96-41-3 KEGG:C02020 MetaCyc:CYCLOPENTANOL PMID:22145629 PMID:24273356 Reaxys:1900556 Wikipedia:Cyclopentanol Cyclopentanol cyclopentanol chebi_ontology Cyclopentyl alcohol Hydroxycyclopentane CHEBI:16133 cyclopentanol CAS:96-41-3 ChemIDplus CAS:96-41-3 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:96-41-3 NIST Chemistry WebBook PMID:22145629 Europe PMC PMID:24273356 Europe PMC Reaxys:1900556 Reaxys Cyclopentanol KEGG_COMPOUND cyclopentanol IUPAC cyclopentanol UniProt Cyclopentyl alcohol KEGG_COMPOUND Hydroxycyclopentane ChemIDplus An azane that consists of a single nitrogen atom covelently bonded to three hydrogen atoms. 0 H3N InChI=1S/H3N/h1H3 QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 17.03056 17.02655 [H]N([H])[H] CHEBI:13405 CHEBI:13406 CHEBI:13407 CHEBI:13771 CHEBI:22533 CHEBI:44269 CHEBI:44284 CHEBI:44404 CHEBI:7434 Beilstein:3587154 CAS:7664-41-7 Drug_Central:4625 Gmelin:79 HMDB:HMDB0000051 KEGG:C00014 KEGG:D02916 KNApSAcK:C00007267 MetaCyc:AMMONIA MolBase:930 PDBeChem:NH3 PMID:110589 PMID:11139349 PMID:11540049 PMID:11746427 PMID:11783653 PMID:13753780 PMID:14663195 PMID:15092448 PMID:15094021 PMID:15554424 PMID:15969015 PMID:16008360 PMID:16050680 PMID:16348008 PMID:16349403 PMID:16614889 PMID:16664306 PMID:16842901 PMID:17025297 PMID:17439666 PMID:17569513 PMID:17737668 PMID:18670398 PMID:22002069 PMID:22081570 PMID:22088435 PMID:22100291 PMID:22130175 PMID:22150211 PMID:22240068 PMID:22290316 PMID:22342082 PMID:22385337 PMID:22443779 PMID:22560242 Reaxys:3587154 Wikipedia:Ammonia AMMONIA Ammonia ammonia azane chebi_ontology Ammoniak NH3 R-717 [NH3] ammoniac amoniaco spirit of hartshorn CHEBI:16134 ammonia Beilstein:3587154 Beilstein CAS:7664-41-7 ChemIDplus CAS:7664-41-7 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:7664-41-7 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:4625 DrugCentral Gmelin:79 Gmelin PMID:110589 Europe PMC PMID:11139349 Europe PMC PMID:11540049 Europe PMC PMID:11746427 Europe PMC PMID:11783653 Europe PMC PMID:13753780 Europe PMC PMID:14663195 Europe PMC PMID:15092448 Europe PMC PMID:15094021 Europe PMC PMID:15554424 Europe PMC PMID:15969015 Europe PMC PMID:16008360 Europe PMC PMID:16050680 Europe PMC PMID:16348008 Europe PMC PMID:16349403 Europe PMC PMID:16614889 Europe PMC PMID:16664306 Europe PMC PMID:16842901 Europe PMC PMID:17025297 Europe PMC PMID:17439666 Europe PMC PMID:17569513 Europe PMC PMID:17737668 Europe PMC PMID:18670398 Europe PMC PMID:22002069 Europe PMC PMID:22081570 Europe PMC PMID:22088435 Europe PMC PMID:22100291 Europe PMC PMID:22130175 Europe PMC PMID:22150211 Europe PMC PMID:22240068 Europe PMC PMID:22290316 Europe PMC PMID:22342082 Europe PMC PMID:22385337 Europe PMC PMID:22443779 Europe PMC PMID:22560242 Europe PMC Reaxys:3587154 Reaxys AMMONIA PDBeChem Ammonia KEGG_COMPOUND ammonia IUPAC azane IUPAC Ammoniak ChemIDplus NH3 IUPAC NH3 KEGG_COMPOUND NH3 UniProt R-717 ChEBI [NH3] MolBase ammoniac ChEBI amoniaco ChEBI spirit of hartshorn ChemIDplus A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. 0 H2S InChI=1S/H2S/h1H2 RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 34.08188 33.98772 [H]S[H] CHEBI:13356 CHEBI:14414 CHEBI:24639 CHEBI:43058 CHEBI:45489 CHEBI:5787 Beilstein:3535004 CAS:7783-06-4 Drug_Central:4260 Gmelin:303 KEGG:C00283 KNApSAcK:C00007266 MolBase:1709 PDBeChem:H2S PMID:11788560 PMID:14654297 PMID:15003943 PMID:15607739 PMID:16446402 PMID:18098324 PMID:18524810 PMID:18948540 PMID:19695225 PMID:22004989 PMID:22378060 PMID:22448627 PMID:22473176 PMID:22486842 PMID:22520971 PMID:22787557 UM-BBD_compID:c0239 Wikipedia:Hydrogen_sulfide Hydrogen sulfide dihydridosulfur dihydrogen(sulfide) hydrogen sulfide sulfane chebi_ontology H2S HYDROSULFURIC ACID Hydrogen-sulfide Schwefelwasserstoff Sulfide [SH2] acide sulfhydrique dihydrogen monosulfide dihydrogen sulfide hydrogen monosulfide hydrogen sulphide hydrogene sulfure sulfure d'hydrogene CHEBI:16136 hydrogen sulfide Beilstein:3535004 Beilstein CAS:7783-06-4 ChemIDplus CAS:7783-06-4 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:7783-06-4 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:4260 DrugCentral Gmelin:303 Gmelin PMID:11788560 Europe PMC PMID:14654297 Europe PMC PMID:15003943 Europe PMC PMID:15607739 Europe PMC PMID:16446402 Europe PMC PMID:18098324 Europe PMC PMID:18524810 Europe PMC PMID:18948540 Europe PMC PMID:19695225 Europe PMC PMID:22004989 Europe PMC PMID:22378060 Europe PMC PMID:22448627 Europe PMC PMID:22473176 Europe PMC PMID:22486842 Europe PMC PMID:22520971 Europe PMC PMID:22787557 Europe PMC UM-BBD_compID:c0239 UM-BBD Hydrogen sulfide KEGG_COMPOUND dihydridosulfur IUPAC dihydrogen(sulfide) IUPAC hydrogen sulfide IUPAC sulfane IUPAC H2S IUPAC H2S KEGG_COMPOUND HYDROSULFURIC ACID PDBeChem Hydrogen-sulfide KEGG_COMPOUND Schwefelwasserstoff ChemIDplus Sulfide KEGG_COMPOUND [SH2] MolBase acide sulfhydrique ChemIDplus dihydrogen monosulfide NIST_Chemistry_WebBook dihydrogen sulfide NIST_Chemistry_WebBook hydrogen monosulfide NIST_Chemistry_WebBook hydrogen sulphide ChemIDplus hydrogene sulfure ChemIDplus sulfure d'hydrogene ChEBI A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC). 0 CH4 InChI=1S/CH4/h1H4 VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 16.04246 16.03130 [H]C([H])([H])[H] CHEBI:14585 CHEBI:25220 CHEBI:6811 Beilstein:1718732 CAS:74-82-8 Gmelin:59 HMDB:HMDB0002714 KEGG:C01438 MetaCyc:CH4 PMID:17791569 PMID:23104415 PMID:23353606 PMID:23376302 PMID:23397538 PMID:23718889 PMID:23739479 PMID:23742231 PMID:23756351 PMID:24132456 PMID:24161402 PMID:24259373 Patent:FR994032 Patent:US2583090 Reaxys:1718732 UM-BBD_compID:c0095 Wikipedia:Methane Methane methane tetrahydridocarbon chebi_ontology CH4 Methan marsh gas metano methyl hydride CHEBI:16183 methane Beilstein:1718732 ChemIDplus CAS:74-82-8 ChemIDplus CAS:74-82-8 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:74-82-8 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:59 Gmelin PMID:17791569 Europe PMC PMID:23104415 Europe PMC PMID:23353606 Europe PMC PMID:23376302 Europe PMC PMID:23397538 Europe PMC PMID:23718889 Europe PMC PMID:23739479 Europe PMC PMID:23742231 Europe PMC PMID:23756351 Europe PMC PMID:24132456 Europe PMC PMID:24161402 Europe PMC PMID:24259373 Europe PMC Reaxys:1718732 Reaxys UM-BBD_compID:c0095 UM-BBD Methane KEGG_COMPOUND methane ChEBI methane IUPAC methane UniProt tetrahydridocarbon IUPAC CH4 IUPAC Methan ChEBI marsh gas NIST_Chemistry_WebBook metano ChEBI methyl hydride ChemIDplus A carbonyl group with two C-bound amine groups. 0 CH4N2O InChI=1S/CH4N2O/c2-1(3)4/h(H4,2,3,4) XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 60.05534 60.03236 NC(N)=O CHEBI:15292 CHEBI:27218 CHEBI:46379 CHEBI:9888 Beilstein:635724 CAS:57-13-6 DrugBank:DB03904 Drug_Central:4264 ECMDB:ECMDB04172 Gmelin:1378 HMDB:HMDB0000294 KEGG:C00086 KEGG:D00023 KNApSAcK:C00007314 MetaCyc:UREA PDBeChem:URE PMID:18037357 PMID:22770225 PPDB:1728 Reaxys:635724 UM-BBD_compID:c0165 Wikipedia:Urea YMDB:YMDB00003 UREA Urea urea chebi_ontology 1728 Carbamide E927b H2NC(O)NH2 Harnstoff Karbamid carbamide carbonyldiamide ur uree CHEBI:16199 urea Beilstein:635724 Beilstein CAS:57-13-6 ChemIDplus CAS:57-13-6 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:57-13-6 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:4264 DrugCentral Gmelin:1378 Gmelin PMID:18037357 Europe PMC PMID:22770225 Europe PMC Reaxys:635724 Reaxys UM-BBD_compID:c0165 UM-BBD UREA PDBeChem Urea KEGG_COMPOUND urea IUPAC urea UniProt 1728 PPDB Carbamide KEGG_COMPOUND E927b ChEBI H2NC(O)NH2 ChEBI Harnstoff NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Karbamid ChEBI carbamide ChEBI carbonyldiamide NIST_Chemistry_WebBook ur IUPAC uree ChEBI A 2-aminopurine carrying a 6-oxo substituent. 0 C5H5N5O InChI=1S/C5H5N5O/c6-5-9-3-2(4(11)10-5)7-1-8-3/h1H,(H4,6,7,8,9,10,11) UYTPUPDQBNUYGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 151.126 151.04941 C12=C(N=C(NC1=O)N)NC=N2 CHEBI:14371 CHEBI:14372 CHEBI:24443 CHEBI:42948 CHEBI:5563 Beilstein:147911 CAS:73-40-5 DrugBank:DB02377 Gmelin:431879 HMDB:HMDB0000132 KEGG:C00242 KNApSAcK:C00001501 MetaCyc:GUANINE PDBeChem:GUN PMID:22770225 PMID:8070089 Reaxys:147911 Wikipedia:Guanine 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one GUANINE Guanine guanine chebi_ontology 2-Amino-6-hydroxypurine 2-amino-6-oxopurine G Gua CHEBI:16235 guanine Beilstein:147911 Beilstein CAS:73-40-5 ChemIDplus CAS:73-40-5 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:73-40-5 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:431879 Gmelin PMID:22770225 Europe PMC PMID:8070089 Europe PMC Reaxys:147911 Reaxys 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one IUPAC GUANINE PDBeChem Guanine KEGG_COMPOUND guanine UniProt 2-Amino-6-hydroxypurine KEGG_COMPOUND 2-amino-6-oxopurine ChEBI G ChEBI Gua CBN A primary alcohol that is ethane in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a hydroxy group. 0 C2H6O InChI=1S/C2H6O/c1-2-3/h3H,2H2,1H3 LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 46.06844 46.04186 CCO CHEBI:14222 CHEBI:23978 CHEBI:30878 CHEBI:30880 CHEBI:42377 CHEBI:44594 CHEBI:4879 Beilstein:1718733 CAS:64-17-5 DrugBank:DB00898 Drug_Central:1076 Gmelin:787 HMDB:HMDB0000108 KEGG:C00469 KEGG:D00068 KEGG:D06542 KNApSAcK:C00019560 MetaCyc:ETOH MolBase:858 MolBase:859 PDBeChem:EOH PMID:11046114 PMID:11090978 PMID:11198720 PMID:11200745 PMID:11262320 PMID:11303910 PMID:11333032 PMID:11505026 PMID:11590970 PMID:11728426 PMID:11750186 PMID:11754521 PMID:11810019 PMID:11826039 PMID:11981228 PMID:12824058 PMID:12829422 PMID:12888778 PMID:12946583 PMID:14674846 PMID:15019421 PMID:15239123 PMID:15285839 PMID:15464411 PMID:15465973 PMID:15749123 PMID:15900217 PMID:15902919 PMID:16084479 PMID:16133132 PMID:16352430 PMID:16390872 PMID:16737463 PMID:16891664 PMID:16934862 PMID:17043811 PMID:17190852 PMID:17663926 PMID:17687877 PMID:18095657 PMID:18249266 PMID:18320157 PMID:18347649 PMID:18408978 PMID:18411066 PMID:18456322 PMID:18513832 PMID:18922656 PMID:18925476 PMID:19280886 PMID:19359288 PMID:19384566 PMID:19458312 PMID:19851413 PMID:19901811 PMID:21600756 PMID:21762181 PMID:21881875 PMID:21967628 PMID:22019193 PMID:22222864 PMID:22261437 PMID:22286266 PMID:22306018 PMID:22331491 PMID:22336593 PPDB:1373 Reaxys:1718733 UM-BBD_compID:c0038 Wikipedia:Ethanol ETHANOL Ethanol ethanol chebi_ontology 1-hydroxyethane Aethanol Aethylalkohol Alkohol C2H5OH Dehydrated ethanol EtOH Ethyl alcohol Methylcarbinol [CH2Me(OH)] [OEtH] alcohol alcohol etilico alcool ethylique etanol hydroxyethane spiritus vini CHEBI:16236 ethanol PMID:15464411 Europe PMC PMID:15465973 Europe PMC PMID:15749123 Europe PMC PMID:15900217 Europe PMC PMID:15902919 Europe PMC PMID:16084479 Europe PMC PMID:16133132 Europe PMC PMID:16352430 Europe PMC PMID:16390872 Europe PMC PMID:16737463 Europe PMC PMID:16891664 Europe PMC PMID:16934862 Europe PMC PMID:17043811 Europe PMC PMID:17190852 Europe PMC PMID:17663926 Europe PMC PMID:17687877 Europe PMC PMID:18095657 Europe PMC PMID:18249266 Europe PMC PMID:18320157 Europe PMC PMID:18347649 Europe PMC PMID:18408978 Europe PMC PMID:18411066 Europe PMC PMID:18456322 Europe PMC PMID:18513832 Europe PMC PMID:18922656 Europe PMC PMID:18925476 Europe PMC PMID:19280886 Europe PMC PMID:19359288 Europe PMC PMID:19384566 Europe PMC PMID:19458312 Europe PMC PMID:19851413 Europe PMC PMID:19901811 Europe PMC PMID:21600756 Europe PMC PMID:21762181 Europe PMC PMID:21881875 Europe PMC PMID:21967628 Europe PMC PMID:22019193 Europe PMC PMID:22222864 Europe PMC PMID:22261437 Europe PMC PMID:22286266 Europe PMC PMID:22306018 Europe PMC PMID:22331491 Europe PMC PMID:22336593 Europe PMC Reaxys:1718733 Reaxys UM-BBD_compID:c0038 UM-BBD ETHANOL PDBeChem Ethanol KEGG_COMPOUND ethanol ChEBI ethanol IUPAC ethanol UniProt 1-hydroxyethane ChemIDplus Aethanol ChemIDplus Aethylalkohol ChemIDplus Alkohol ChemIDplus C2H5OH ChEBI Dehydrated ethanol KEGG_DRUG EtOH ChemIDplus Ethyl alcohol KEGG_COMPOUND Methylcarbinol KEGG_COMPOUND [CH2Me(OH)] MolBase [OEtH] MolBase alcohol NIST_Chemistry_WebBook alcohol etilico ChEBI alcool ethylique ChemIDplus etanol ChEBI hydroxyethane ChemIDplus spiritus vini ChEBI Beilstein:1718733 Beilstein CAS:64-17-5 ChemIDplus CAS:64-17-5 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:64-17-5 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:1076 DrugCentral Gmelin:787 Gmelin PMID:11046114 Europe PMC PMID:11090978 Europe PMC PMID:11198720 Europe PMC PMID:11200745 Europe PMC PMID:11262320 Europe PMC PMID:11303910 Europe PMC PMID:11333032 Europe PMC PMID:11505026 Europe PMC PMID:11590970 Europe PMC PMID:11728426 Europe PMC PMID:11750186 Europe PMC PMID:11754521 Europe PMC PMID:11810019 Europe PMC PMID:11826039 Europe PMC PMID:11981228 Europe PMC PMID:12824058 Europe PMC PMID:12829422 Europe PMC PMID:12888778 Europe PMC PMID:12946583 Europe PMC PMID:14674846 Europe PMC PMID:15019421 Europe PMC PMID:15239123 Europe PMC PMID:15285839 Europe PMC An inorganic peroxide consisting of two hydroxy groups joined by a covalent oxygen-oxygen single bond. 0 H2O2 InChI=1S/H2O2/c1-2/h1-2H MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 34.01468 34.00548 [H]OO[H] CHEBI:13354 CHEBI:13355 CHEBI:24637 CHEBI:44812 CHEBI:5586 Beilstein:3587191 CAS:7722-84-1 Drug_Central:3281 Gmelin:509 HMDB:HMDB0003125 KEGG:C00027 KEGG:D00008 MetaCyc:HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE MolBase:932 PDBeChem:PEO PMID:10455187 PMID:10557015 PMID:10849784 PMID:11033421 PMID:11105916 PMID:11318558 PMID:11387393 PMID:11809417 PMID:11864786 PMID:11893576 PMID:12867293 PMID:12934880 PMID:14679422 PMID:15028418 PMID:15133946 PMID:15298493 PMID:16337875 PMID:16463018 PMID:16864869 PMID:17020896 PMID:17179007 PMID:17610934 PMID:17948137 PMID:18179203 PMID:18182702 PMID:18306736 PMID:18443210 PMID:18592736 PMID:19107210 PMID:19229032 PMID:19297450 PMID:19509065 PMID:26352695 PMID:26365231 PMID:7548021 PMID:7581816 PMID:8048546 PMID:8375042 PMID:8451754 PMID:9051670 PMID:9100841 PMID:9168257 PMID:9202721 PMID:9558114 PPDB:387 Reaxys:3587191 Wikipedia:Hydrogen_peroxide HYDROGEN PEROXIDE Hydrogen peroxide bis(hydridooxygen)(O--O) dihydrogen peroxide dihydrogen(peroxide) dioxidane hydrogen peroxide chebi_ontology H2O2 HOOH Oxydol [OH(OH)] dihydrogen dioxide perhydrol CHEBI:16240 hydrogen peroxide Beilstein:3587191 Beilstein CAS:7722-84-1 ChemIDplus CAS:7722-84-1 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:7722-84-1 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:3281 DrugCentral Gmelin:509 Gmelin PMID:10455187 Europe PMC PMID:10557015 Europe PMC PMID:10849784 Europe PMC PMID:11033421 Europe PMC PMID:11105916 Europe PMC PMID:11318558 Europe PMC PMID:11387393 Europe PMC PMID:11809417 Europe PMC PMID:11864786 Europe PMC PMID:11893576 Europe PMC PMID:12867293 Europe PMC PMID:12934880 Europe PMC PMID:14679422 Europe PMC PMID:15028418 Europe PMC PMID:15133946 Europe PMC PMID:15298493 Europe PMC PMID:16337875 Europe PMC PMID:16463018 Europe PMC PMID:16864869 Europe PMC PMID:17020896 Europe PMC PMID:17179007 Europe PMC PMID:17610934 Europe PMC PMID:17948137 Europe PMC PMID:18179203 Europe PMC PMID:18182702 Europe PMC PMID:18306736 Europe PMC PMID:18443210 Europe PMC PMID:18592736 Europe PMC PMID:19107210 Europe PMC PMID:19229032 Europe PMC PMID:19297450 Europe PMC PMID:19509065 Europe PMC PMID:26352695 Europe PMC PMID:26365231 Europe PMC PMID:7548021 Europe PMC PMID:7581816 Europe PMC PMID:8048546 Europe PMC PMID:8375042 Europe PMC PMID:8451754 Europe PMC PMID:9051670 Europe PMC PMID:9100841 Europe PMC PMID:9168257 Europe PMC PMID:9202721 Europe PMC PMID:9558114 Europe PMC Reaxys:3587191 Reaxys HYDROGEN PEROXIDE PDBeChem Hydrogen peroxide KEGG_COMPOUND bis(hydridooxygen)(O--O) IUPAC dihydrogen peroxide IUPAC dihydrogen(peroxide) IUPAC dioxidane IUPAC hydrogen peroxide IUPAC H2O2 KEGG_COMPOUND H2O2 UniProt HOOH IUPAC Oxydol KEGG_COMPOUND [OH(OH)] MolBase dihydrogen dioxide IUPAC perhydrol MetaCyc A lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or di-ester. The term encompasses phosphatidic acids and phosphoglycerides. CHEBI:14816 CHEBI:26063 CHEBI:8150 KEGG:C00865 Phospholipid chebi_ontology a phospholipid derivative phospholipids CHEBI:16247 phospholipid Phospholipid KEGG_COMPOUND a phospholipid derivative UniProt phospholipids ChEBI A ribonucleoside composed of a molecule of adenine attached to a ribofuranose moiety via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. 0 C10H13N5O4 InChI=1S/C10H13N5O4/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(18)6(17)4(1-16)19-10/h2-4,6-7,10,16-18H,1H2,(H2,11,12,13)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1 OIRDTQYFTABQOQ-KQYNXXCUSA-N 267.24152 267.09675 Nc1ncnc2n(cnc12)[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O CHEBI:13734 CHEBI:22237 CHEBI:2472 CHEBI:40558 CHEBI:40825 CHEBI:40906 Beilstein:93029 CAS:58-61-7 DrugBank:DB00640 Drug_Central:90 ECMDB:ECMDB00050 Gmelin:53385 HMDB:HMDB0000050 KEGG:C00212 KEGG:D00045 KNApSAcK:C00007444 LINCS:LSM-28568 MetaCyc:ADENOSINE PDBeChem:ADN PMID:11213237 PMID:11820865 PMID:11978011 PMID:16183671 PMID:16917093 PMID:17190852 PMID:18000974 PMID:323854 Reaxys:93029 Wikipedia:Adenosine YMDB:YMDB00058 ADENOSINE Adenosine adenosine chebi_ontology (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol 6-Amino-9-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-purine 9-beta-D-Ribofuranosidoadenine 9-beta-D-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amine 9-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amine Ade-Rib Adenine Deoxyribonucleoside Adenocard Adenocor Adenoscan Adenosin Adenyldeoxyriboside Ado Deoxyadenosine Desoxyadenosine beta-D-Adenosine CHEBI:16335 adenosine Beilstein:93029 Beilstein CAS:58-61-7 ChemIDplus CAS:58-61-7 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:58-61-7 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:90 DrugCentral Gmelin:53385 Gmelin PMID:11213237 Europe PMC PMID:11820865 Europe PMC PMID:11978011 Europe PMC PMID:16183671 Europe PMC PMID:16917093 Europe PMC PMID:17190852 Europe PMC PMID:18000974 Europe PMC PMID:323854 Europe PMC Reaxys:93029 Reaxys ADENOSINE PDBeChem Adenosine KEGG_COMPOUND adenosine IUPAC adenosine UniProt (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol DrugBank 6-Amino-9-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-purine ChemIDplus 9-beta-D-Ribofuranosidoadenine ChemIDplus 9-beta-D-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amine ChemIDplus 9-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amine ChEBI Ade-Rib CBN Adenine Deoxyribonucleoside DrugBank Adenocard DrugBank Adenocor DrugBank Adenoscan DrugBank Adenosin ChEBI Adenyldeoxyriboside DrugBank Ado CBN Deoxyadenosine DrugBank Desoxyadenosine DrugBank beta-D-Adenosine ChemIDplus An optically active form of cysteine having D-configuration. 0 C3H7NO2S InChI=1S/C3H7NO2S/c4-2(1-7)3(5)6/h2,7H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)/t2-/m1/s1 XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UWTATZPHSA-N 121.15922 121.01975 N[C@H](CS)C(O)=O CHEBI:12919 CHEBI:20921 CHEBI:4111 CHEBI:41887 Beilstein:1721407 CAS:921-01-7 DrugBank:DB03201 ECMDB:ECMDB03417 Gmelin:363236 HMDB:HMDB0003417 KEGG:C00793 KNApSAcK:C00007323 PDBeChem:DCY PMID:13761469 PMID:23340406 PMID:24800864 Reaxys:1721407 YMDB:YMDB00913 D-CYSTEINE D-Cysteine D-cysteine chebi_ontology (2S)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid (2S)-2-amino-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid (S)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid D-Amino-3-mercaptopropionic acid D-Cystein D-Zystein DCY CHEBI:16375 D-cysteine Beilstein:1721407 Beilstein CAS:921-01-7 ChemIDplus CAS:921-01-7 KEGG COMPOUND Gmelin:363236 Gmelin PMID:13761469 Europe PMC PMID:23340406 Europe PMC PMID:24800864 Europe PMC Reaxys:1721407 Reaxys D-CYSTEINE PDBeChem D-Cysteine KEGG_COMPOUND D-cysteine IUPAC (2S)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid JCBN (2S)-2-amino-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid IUPAC (S)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid ChEBI D-Amino-3-mercaptopropionic acid KEGG_COMPOUND D-Cystein ChEBI D-Zystein ChEBI DCY PDBeChem -1 I InChI=1S/HI/h1H/p-1 XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 126.90447 126.90502 [I-] CHEBI:14460 CHEBI:49698 CHEBI:5946 Beilstein:3587184 CAS:20461-54-5 Gmelin:14912 KEGG:C00708 PDBeChem:IOD Iodide iodide iodide(1-) chebi_ontology I(-) I- IODIDE ION iodine anion CHEBI:16382 iodide Beilstein:3587184 Beilstein CAS:20461-54-5 ChemIDplus CAS:20461-54-5 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:14912 Gmelin Iodide KEGG_COMPOUND iodide IUPAC iodide UniProt iodide(1-) IUPAC I(-) IUPAC I- KEGG_COMPOUND IODIDE ION PDBeChem iodine anion NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Compounds having the structure RSR (R =/= H). Such compounds were once called thioethers. 0 SR2 32.066 31.97207 CHEBI:13694 CHEBI:26960 CHEBI:9340 KEGG:C00297 sulfides chebi_ontology RSR Sulfide Thioether organic sulfides thioethers CHEBI:16385 organic sulfide sulfides IUPAC RSR IUPAC Sulfide KEGG_COMPOUND Thioether KEGG_COMPOUND organic sulfides ChEBI thioethers IUPAC A one-carbon compound with formula CO2 in which the carbon is attached to each oxygen atom by a double bond. A colourless, odourless gas under normal conditions, it is produced during respiration by all animals, fungi and microorganisms that depend directly or indirectly on living or decaying plants for food. 0 CO2 InChI=1S/CO2/c2-1-3 CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 44.010 43.98983 O=C=O CHEBI:13282 CHEBI:13283 CHEBI:13284 CHEBI:13285 CHEBI:23011 CHEBI:3283 CHEBI:48829 Beilstein:1900390 CAS:124-38-9 Drug_Central:4256 Gmelin:989 HMDB:HMDB0001967 KEGG:C00011 KEGG:D00004 MetaCyc:CARBON-DIOXIDE MolBase:752 PDBeChem:CO2 PMID:10826146 PMID:11094503 PMID:11584085 PMID:11802652 PMID:14639145 PMID:15050588 PMID:16591971 PMID:16656478 PMID:16659660 PMID:17190796 PMID:17448243 PMID:17878298 PMID:17884085 PMID:19043767 PMID:19259576 PMID:19854893 PMID:23384758 PMID:23828359 PMID:24258718 PMID:8482095 PMID:8818713 PMID:8869828 PMID:9611769 PMID:9730350 PPDB:119 Reaxys:1900390 UM-BBD_compID:c0131 Wikipedia:Carbon_dioxide CARBON DIOXIDE Carbon dioxide carbon dioxide dioxidocarbon methanedione chebi_ontology CO2 E 290 E-290 E290 R-744 [CO2] carbonic anhydride CHEBI:16526 carbon dioxide Beilstein:1900390 Beilstein CAS:124-38-9 ChemIDplus CAS:124-38-9 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:124-38-9 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:4256 DrugCentral Gmelin:989 Gmelin PMID:10826146 Europe PMC PMID:11094503 Europe PMC PMID:11584085 Europe PMC PMID:11802652 Europe PMC PMID:14639145 Europe PMC PMID:15050588 Europe PMC PMID:16591971 Europe PMC PMID:16656478 Europe PMC PMID:16659660 Europe PMC PMID:17190796 Europe PMC PMID:17448243 Europe PMC PMID:17878298 Europe PMC PMID:17884085 Europe PMC PMID:19043767 Europe PMC PMID:19259576 Europe PMC PMID:19854893 Europe PMC PMID:23384758 Europe PMC PMID:23828359 Europe PMC PMID:24258718 Europe PMC PMID:8482095 Europe PMC PMID:8818713 Europe PMC PMID:8869828 Europe PMC PMID:9611769 Europe PMC PMID:9730350 Europe PMC Reaxys:1900390 Reaxys UM-BBD_compID:c0131 UM-BBD CARBON DIOXIDE PDBeChem Carbon dioxide KEGG_COMPOUND carbon dioxide IUPAC dioxidocarbon IUPAC methanedione IUPAC CO2 KEGG_COMPOUND CO2 UniProt E 290 ChEBI E-290 ChEBI E290 ChEBI R-744 ChEBI [CO2] MolBase carbonic anhydride UM-BBD A thioacetic acid that is acetic acid in which the oxygen atom of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a sulfur atom. 0 C2H4OS InChI=1S/C2H4OS/c1-2(3)4/h1H3,(H,3,4) DUYAAUVXQSMXQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 76.11856 75.99829 CC(S)=O CHEBI:9547 Beilstein:773684 CAS:507-09-5 Gmelin:49262 KEGG:C01857 PMID:23298036 Reaxys:773684 ethanethioic S-acid chebi_ontology CH3COSH Thioacetic acid acetyl mercaptan thioacetic S-acid CHEBI:16555 ethanethioic S-acid Beilstein:773684 Beilstein CAS:507-09-5 ChemIDplus CAS:507-09-5 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:507-09-5 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:49262 Gmelin PMID:23298036 Europe PMC Reaxys:773684 Reaxys ethanethioic S-acid IUPAC CH3COSH NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Thioacetic acid KEGG_COMPOUND acetyl mercaptan NIST_Chemistry_WebBook thioacetic S-acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook An alpha-diketone that is butane substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite produced during the malolactic fermentation. 0 C4H6O2 InChI=1S/C4H6O2/c1-3(5)4(2)6/h1-2H3 QSJXEFYPDANLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 86.08924 86.03678 CC(=O)C(C)=O CHEBI:14134 CHEBI:4479 Beilstein:605398 CAS:431-03-8 HMDB:HMDB0003407 KEGG:C00741 PMID:15654607 PMID:24614328 Reaxys:605398 butane-2,3-dione chebi_ontology 2,3-Butadione 2,3-Butanedione 2,3-Diketobutane 2,3-Dioxobutane 2,3-butandione Biacetyl Diacetyl Dimethyl glyoxal Dimethylglyoxal diacetyl CHEBI:16583 butane-2,3-dione Beilstein:605398 Beilstein CAS:431-03-8 ChemIDplus CAS:431-03-8 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:431-03-8 NIST Chemistry WebBook PMID:15654607 Europe PMC PMID:24614328 Europe PMC Reaxys:605398 Reaxys butane-2,3-dione IUPAC 2,3-Butadione ChemIDplus 2,3-Butanedione KEGG_COMPOUND 2,3-Diketobutane ChemIDplus 2,3-Dioxobutane ChemIDplus 2,3-butandione NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Biacetyl KEGG_COMPOUND Diacetyl KEGG_COMPOUND Dimethyl glyoxal ChemIDplus Dimethylglyoxal KEGG_COMPOUND diacetyl UniProt Any member of the class of organooxygen compounds that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone or a lactol resulting from their intramolecular condensation (monosaccharides); substances derived from these by reduction of the carbonyl group (alditols), by oxidation of one or more hydroxy groups to afford the corresponding aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by a hydrogen atom; and polymeric products arising by intermolecular acetal formation between two or more such molecules (disaccharides, polysaccharides and oligosaccharides). Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms; prior to any oxidation or reduction, most have the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n. Compounds obtained from carbohydrates by substitution, etc., are known as carbohydrate derivatives and may contain other elements. Cyclitols are generally not regarded as carbohydrates. CHEBI:15131 CHEBI:23008 CHEBI:9318 Wikipedia:Carbohydrate carbohydrate carbohydrates chebi_ontology Kohlenhydrat Kohlenhydrate carbohidrato carbohidratos glucide glucides glucido glucidos hydrates de carbone saccharide saccharides saccharidum CHEBI:16646 carbohydrate carbohydrate IUPAC carbohydrates IUPAC Kohlenhydrat ChEBI Kohlenhydrate ChEBI carbohidrato IUPAC carbohidratos IUPAC glucide ChEBI glucides ChEBI glucido ChEBI glucidos ChEBI hydrates de carbone ChEBI saccharide IUPAC saccharides IUPAC saccharidum ChEBI Amide derived from two or more amino carboxylic acid molecules (the same or different) by formation of a covalent bond from the carbonyl carbon of one to the nitrogen atom of another with formal loss of water. The term is usually applied to structures formed from alpha-amino acids, but it includes those derived from any amino carboxylic acid. X = OH, OR, NH2, NHR, etc. 0 (C2H2NOR)nC2H3NOR CHEBI:14753 CHEBI:25906 CHEBI:7990 KEGG:C00012 Peptide peptides chebi_ontology Peptid peptido peptidos CHEBI:16670 peptide Peptide KEGG_COMPOUND peptides IUPAC Peptid ChEBI peptido ChEBI peptidos ChEBI A ribosyl or deoxyribosyl derivative of a pyrimidine or purine base in which C-5 of the ribose ring is mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-phosphorylated. 0 C5H9O6PR2 196.09510 196.01367 O[C@H]1[C@@H]([*])[C@H]([*])O[C@@H]1COP(O)(O)=O CHEBI:14674 CHEBI:25603 CHEBI:7650 KEGG:C01117 Nucleoside 5'-phosphate chebi_ontology nucleoside 5'-phosphates CHEBI:16701 nucleoside 5'-phosphate Nucleoside 5'-phosphate KEGG_COMPOUND nucleoside 5'-phosphates ChEBI The parent compound of the 6-aminopurines, composed of a purine having an amino group at C-6. 0 C5H5N5 InChI=1S/C5H5N5/c6-4-3-5(9-1-7-3)10-2-8-4/h1-2H,(H3,6,7,8,9,10) GFFGJBXGBJISGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 135.12690 135.05450 Nc1ncnc2[nH]cnc12 CHEBI:13733 CHEBI:22236 CHEBI:2470 CHEBI:40579 Beilstein:608603 CAS:73-24-5 DrugBank:DB00173 Drug_Central:89 Gmelin:3903 HMDB:HMDB0000034 KEGG:C00147 KEGG:D00034 KNApSAcK:C00001490 MetaCyc:ADENINE PDBeChem:ADE PMID:11985597 PMID:12829005 PMID:12951489 PMID:15063338 PMID:15715490 PMID:17439666 PMID:8070089 Reaxys:608603 Wikipedia:Adenine 9H-purin-6-amine ADENINE Adenine adenine chebi_ontology 6-Aminopurine A Ade Adenin CHEBI:16708 adenine Beilstein:608603 Beilstein CAS:73-24-5 ChemIDplus CAS:73-24-5 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:73-24-5 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:89 DrugCentral Gmelin:3903 Gmelin PMID:11985597 Europe PMC PMID:12829005 Europe PMC PMID:12951489 Europe PMC PMID:15063338 Europe PMC PMID:15715490 Europe PMC PMID:17439666 Europe PMC PMID:8070089 Europe PMC Reaxys:608603 Reaxys 9H-purin-6-amine IUPAC ADENINE PDBeChem Adenine KEGG_COMPOUND adenine UniProt 6-Aminopurine KEGG_COMPOUND A ChEBI Ade CBN Adenin NIST_Chemistry_WebBook 0 C2H4NO2R 74.05870 74.02420 N[C@H]([*])C(O)=O CHEBI:12909 CHEBI:13625 CHEBI:20906 CHEBI:4097 KEGG:C00405 D-alpha-amino acid D-alpha-amino acids chebi_ontology D-Amino acid D-alpha-amino acids CHEBI:16733 D-alpha-amino acid D-alpha-amino acid ChEBI D-alpha-amino acids IUPAC D-Amino acid KEGG_COMPOUND D-alpha-amino acids ChEBI An aminoalkylindole consisting of indole having a 2-aminoethyl group at the 3-position. 0 C10H12N2 InChI=1S/C10H12N2/c11-6-5-8-7-12-10-4-2-1-3-9(8)10/h1-4,7,12H,5-6,11H2 APJYDQYYACXCRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 160.21570 160.10005 NCCc1c[nH]c2ccccc12 CHEBI:15274 CHEBI:27161 CHEBI:46157 CHEBI:9767 Beilstein:125513 CAS:61-54-1 DrugBank:DB08653 Gmelin:603448 HMDB:HMDB0000303 KEGG:C00398 KNApSAcK:C00001434 MetaCyc:TRYPTAMINE PDBeChem:TSS PMID:16126914 PMID:22770225 PMID:24345948 PMID:24558969 Reaxys:125513 Wikipedia:Tryptamine 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethanamine Tryptamine chebi_ontology 1H-indole-3-ethanamine 2-(1H-INDOL-3-YL)ETHANAMINE 2-(3-indolyl)ethylamine 3-(2-Aminoethyl)indole CHEBI:16765 tryptamine Beilstein:125513 Beilstein CAS:61-54-1 ChemIDplus CAS:61-54-1 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:61-54-1 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:603448 Gmelin PMID:16126914 Europe PMC PMID:22770225 Europe PMC PMID:24345948 Europe PMC PMID:24558969 Europe PMC Reaxys:125513 Reaxys 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethanamine IUPAC Tryptamine KEGG_COMPOUND 1H-indole-3-ethanamine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook 2-(1H-INDOL-3-YL)ETHANAMINE PDBeChem 2-(3-indolyl)ethylamine ChemIDplus 3-(2-Aminoethyl)indole KEGG_COMPOUND A tripeptide compound consisting of glutamic acid attached via its side chain to the N-terminus of cysteinylglycine. 0 C10H17N3O6S InChI=1S/C10H17N3O6S/c11-5(10(18)19)1-2-7(14)13-6(4-20)9(17)12-3-8(15)16/h5-6,20H,1-4,11H2,(H,12,17)(H,13,14)(H,15,16)(H,18,19)/t5-,6-/m0/s1 RWSXRVCMGQZWBV-WDSKDSINSA-N 307.320 307.08381 N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)NCC(=O)O)C(=O)O CHEBI:12402 CHEBI:14327 CHEBI:24334 CHEBI:42873 CHEBI:43049 CHEBI:5437 CAS:70-18-8 DrugBank:DB00143 Drug_Central:1312 HMDB:HMDB0000125 KEGG:C00051 KEGG:D00014 KNApSAcK:C00001518 MetaCyc:GLUTATHIONE PDBeChem:GSH PMID:17439666 PMID:4200890 PMID:4745654 Reaxys:1729812 Wikipedia:Glutathione Glutathione L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine chebi_ontology 5-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine GSH Glutathione-SH N-(N-gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl)glycine Reduced glutathione gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine CHEBI:16856 glutathione CAS:70-18-8 ChemIDplus CAS:70-18-8 KEGG COMPOUND Drug_Central:1312 DrugCentral PMID:17439666 Europe PMC PMID:4200890 Europe PMC PMID:4745654 Europe PMC Reaxys:1729812 Reaxys Glutathione KEGG_COMPOUND L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine IUPAC 5-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine KEGG_COMPOUND GSH KEGG_COMPOUND Glutathione-SH HMDB N-(N-gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl)glycine KEGG_COMPOUND Reduced glutathione KEGG_COMPOUND gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine KEGG_COMPOUND A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4. 0 C4H9NO2 InChI=1S/C4H9NO2/c5-3-1-2-4(6)7/h1-3,5H2,(H,6,7) BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 103.11980 103.06333 NCCCC(O)=O CHEBI:1786 CHEBI:193777 CHEBI:20318 CHEBI:40483 BPDB:2298 Beilstein:906818 CAS:56-12-2 DrugBank:DB02530 Drug_Central:1262 Gmelin:49775 HMDB:HMDB0000112 KEGG:C00334 KEGG:D00058 KNApSAcK:C00001337 LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMFA01100039 MetaCyc:4-AMINO-BUTYRATE PDBeChem:ABU PMID:10630630 PMID:10930630 PMID:16276116 PMID:21614609 PMID:22770225 Reaxys:906818 Wikipedia:Gamma-Aminobutyric_acid 4-aminobutanoic acid gamma-Aminobutyric acid gamma-aminobutyric acid chebi_ontology 4-Aminobutanoic acid 4-Aminobutyric acid 4-aminobutanoic acid 4-aminobutyric acid 4Abu GABA GAMMA-AMINO-BUTANOIC ACID gamma-Aminobuttersaeure gamma-amino-n-butyric acid gamma-aminobutanoic acid omega-aminobutyric acid piperidic acid piperidinic acid CHEBI:16865 gamma-aminobutyric acid Beilstein:906818 Beilstein CAS:56-12-2 ChemIDplus CAS:56-12-2 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:56-12-2 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:1262 DrugCentral Gmelin:49775 Gmelin LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMFA01100039 LIPID MAPS PMID:10630630 Europe PMC PMID:10930630 Europe PMC PMID:16276116 Europe PMC PMID:21614609 Europe PMC PMID:22770225 Europe PMC Reaxys:906818 Reaxys 4-aminobutanoic acid IUPAC gamma-Aminobutyric acid KEGG_COMPOUND gamma-aminobutyric acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook 4-Aminobutanoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND 4-Aminobutyric acid KEGG_COMPOUND 4-aminobutanoic acid ChEBI 4-aminobutyric acid ChEBI 4Abu ChEBI GABA IUPHAR GABA KEGG_COMPOUND GAMMA-AMINO-BUTANOIC ACID PDBeChem gamma-Aminobuttersaeure NIST_Chemistry_WebBook gamma-amino-n-butyric acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook gamma-aminobutanoic acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook omega-aminobutyric acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook piperidic acid ChemIDplus piperidinic acid ChemIDplus A ribose in which the chiral carbon atom furthest away from the aldehyde group (C4') has the same configuration as in D-glyceraldehyde. 0 C5H10O5 150.12990 150.05282 CHEBI:13011 CHEBI:21078 DrugBank:DB01936 PMID:24404872 PMID:24752650 D-ribo-pentose D-ribose chebi_ontology D-Rib CHEBI:16988 D-ribose PMID:24404872 Europe PMC PMID:24752650 Europe PMC D-ribo-pentose IUPAC D-ribose IUPAC D-Rib JCBN -1 F InChI=1S/FH/h1H/p-1 KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 18.99840 18.99895 [F-] CHEBI:14271 CHEBI:49593 CHEBI:5113 CAS:16984-48-8 Gmelin:14905 KEGG:C00742 PDBeChem:F Fluoride fluoride fluoride(1-) chebi_ontology F(-) F- FLUORIDE ION Fluoride ion Fluorine anion CHEBI:17051 fluoride CAS:16984-48-8 ChemIDplus CAS:16984-48-8 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:14905 Gmelin Fluoride KEGG_COMPOUND fluoride IUPAC fluoride UniProt fluoride(1-) IUPAC F(-) IUPAC F- KEGG_COMPOUND FLUORIDE ION PDBeChem Fluoride ion KEGG_COMPOUND Fluorine anion NIST_Chemistry_WebBook 0 CH4NR 30.04920 30.03437 NC[*] CHEBI:13431 CHEBI:8749 KEGG:C00375 chebi_ontology RCH2NH2 primary aliphatic amines CHEBI:17062 primary aliphatic amine RCH2NH2 ChEBI RCH2NH2 KEGG_COMPOUND primary aliphatic amines ChEBI A compound in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms: R2C=O (neither R may be H). 0 COR2 28.010 27.99491 [*]C([*])=O CHEBI:13427 CHEBI:13646 CHEBI:24974 CHEBI:6127 CHEBI:8742 KEGG:C01450 Wikipedia:Ketone Ketone ketones chebi_ontology Keton R-CO-R' a ketone cetone ketones CHEBI:17087 ketone Ketone KEGG_COMPOUND ketones IUPAC Keton ChEBI R-CO-R' KEGG_COMPOUND a ketone UniProt cetone ChEBI ketones ChEBI A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of hexanoic acid (also known as caproic acid). -1 C6H11O2 InChI=1S/C6H12O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6(7)8/h2-5H2,1H3,(H,7,8)/p-1 FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 115.15034 115.07645 CCCCCC([O-])=O CHEBI:14398 CHEBI:24569 Beilstein:3601453 CAS:151-33-7 ECMDB:ECMDB21229 Gmelin:326340 KEGG:C01585 MetaCyc:HEXANOATE hexanoate chebi_ontology 1-hexanoate 1-pentacarboxylate 1-pentanecarboxylate CH3-[CH2]4-COO(-) butylacetate caproate capronate hexoate hexylate n-caproate n-hexanoate n-hexoate n-hexylate nPnCO2 anion pentanecarboxylate pentylformate CHEBI:17120 hexanoate Beilstein:3601453 Beilstein CAS:151-33-7 Beilstein Gmelin:326340 Gmelin hexanoate IUPAC hexanoate UniProt 1-hexanoate ChEBI 1-pentacarboxylate ChEBI 1-pentanecarboxylate ChEBI CH3-[CH2]4-COO(-) IUPAC butylacetate ChEBI caproate ChEBI capronate ChEBI hexoate ChEBI hexylate ChEBI n-caproate ChEBI n-hexanoate ChEBI n-hexoate ChEBI n-hexylate ChEBI nPnCO2 anion NIST_Chemistry_WebBook pentanecarboxylate ChEBI pentylformate ChEBI A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is phenol which is substituted at the para- position by a 2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl group. A biogenic phenylethanolamine which has been found to act as a neurotransmitter, neurohormone or neuromodulator in invertebrates. 0 C8H11NO2 InChI=1S/C8H11NO2/c9-5-8(11)6-1-3-7(10)4-2-6/h1-4,8,10-11H,5,9H2 QHGUCRYDKWKLMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 153.17848 153.07898 NCC(O)c1ccc(O)cc1 CHEBI:11191 CHEBI:25655 CHEBI:571 Beilstein:1211019 CAS:104-14-3 Drug_Central:3396 KEGG:C04227 LINCS:LSM-4975 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol Octopamine chebi_ontology 1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol Octopamin alpha-(aminomethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenemethanol alpha-(aminomethyl)-p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol beta-hydroxytyramine norsynephrine octopaminum p-Hydroxyphenylethanolamine CHEBI:17134 octopamine Beilstein:1211019 ChemIDplus CAS:104-14-3 ChemIDplus CAS:104-14-3 KEGG COMPOUND Drug_Central:3396 DrugCentral 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol IUPAC Octopamine KEGG_COMPOUND 1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol KEGG_COMPOUND 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol ChemIDplus Octopamin ChEBI alpha-(aminomethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenemethanol ChemIDplus alpha-(aminomethyl)-p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol ChemIDplus beta-hydroxytyramine ChEBI norsynephrine ChemIDplus octopaminum ChemIDplus p-Hydroxyphenylethanolamine KEGG_COMPOUND -1 HO3S InChI=1S/H2O3S/c1-4(2)3/h(H2,1,2,3)/p-1 LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 81.07214 80.96519 OS([O-])=O CHEBI:13367 CHEBI:5598 CAS:15181-46-1 Gmelin:1455 KEGG:C11481 PDBeChem:SO3 hydrogen(trioxidosulfate)(1-) hydrogensulfite(1-) hydrogentrioxosulfate(1-) hydrogentrioxosulfate(IV) hydroxidodioxidosulfate(1-) monohydrogentrioxosulfate chebi_ontology Bisulfite HSO3(-) HSO3- Hydrogen sulfite [SO2(OH)](-) bisulfite bisulphite hydrogen sulfite(1-) hydrosulfite anion CHEBI:17137 hydrogensulfite CAS:15181-46-1 ChemIDplus CAS:15181-46-1 KEGG COMPOUND Gmelin:1455 Gmelin hydrogen(trioxidosulfate)(1-) IUPAC hydrogensulfite(1-) IUPAC hydrogentrioxosulfate(1-) IUPAC hydrogentrioxosulfate(IV) IUPAC hydroxidodioxidosulfate(1-) IUPAC monohydrogentrioxosulfate IUPAC Bisulfite KEGG_COMPOUND HSO3(-) IUPAC HSO3- KEGG_COMPOUND Hydrogen sulfite KEGG_COMPOUND [SO2(OH)](-) IUPAC bisulfite ChemIDplus bisulphite ChemIDplus hydrogen sulfite(1-) ChemIDplus hydrosulfite anion ChemIDplus The 7H-tautomer of purine. 0 C5H4N4 InChI=1S/C5H4N4/c1-4-5(8-2-6-1)9-3-7-4/h1-3H,(H,6,7,8,9) KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 120.11222 120.04360 c1ncc2[nH]cnc2n1 CHEBI:14968 CHEBI:8639 Beilstein:3200 Gmelin:601779 HMDB:HMDB0001366 KEGG:C15587 Reaxys:3200 7H-purine chebi_ontology Purine Purine base CHEBI:17258 7H-purine Beilstein:3200 Beilstein Gmelin:601779 Gmelin Reaxys:3200 Reaxys 7H-purine IUPAC Purine KEGG_COMPOUND Purine base KEGG_COMPOUND 0 C5H12O13P3R 373.063 372.94908 [C@H]1([C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O1)*)O)COP(OP(OP(=O)(O)O)(=O)O)(=O)O CHEBI:13411 CHEBI:14677 CHEBI:25610 CHEBI:7442 CHEBI:7655 KEGG:C00201 Nucleoside triphosphate chebi_ontology NTP nucleoside triphosphates CHEBI:17326 nucleoside triphosphate Nucleoside triphosphate KEGG_COMPOUND NTP KEGG_COMPOUND nucleoside triphosphates ChEBI A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3). -2 O3S InChI=1S/H2O3S/c1-4(2)3/h(H2,1,2,3)/p-2 LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 80.06420 79.95791 [O-]S([O-])=O CHEBI:15139 CHEBI:45548 CAS:14265-45-3 Gmelin:1449 PDBeChem:SO3 sulfite trioxidosulfate(2-) trioxosulfate(2-) trioxosulfate(IV) chebi_ontology SO3 SO3(2-) SULFITE ION [SO3](2-) sulphite CHEBI:17359 sulfite CAS:14265-45-3 ChemIDplus Gmelin:1449 Gmelin sulfite IUPAC sulfite UniProt trioxidosulfate(2-) IUPAC trioxosulfate(2-) IUPAC trioxosulfate(IV) IUPAC SO3 ChEBI SO3(2-) IUPAC SULFITE ION PDBeChem [SO3](2-) IUPAC sulphite ChEBI A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group. 0 CHOR 29.01800 29.00274 [H]C([*])=O CHEBI:13432 CHEBI:13753 CHEBI:13805 CHEBI:13806 CHEBI:22291 CHEBI:2554 CHEBI:8750 KEGG:C00071 Aldehyde aldehyde aldehydes chebi_ontology Aldehyd RC(=O)H RCHO aldehido aldehidos aldehydes aldehydum an aldehyde CHEBI:17478 aldehyde Aldehyde KEGG_COMPOUND aldehyde ChEBI aldehyde IUPAC aldehydes IUPAC Aldehyd ChEBI RC(=O)H IUPAC RCHO KEGG_COMPOUND aldehido ChEBI aldehidos ChEBI aldehydes ChEBI aldehydum ChEBI an aldehyde UniProt A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide having having adenine as the nucleobase. 0 C10H12N5O6P InChI=1S/C10H12N5O6P/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-6(16)7-4(20-10)1-19-22(17,18)21-7/h2-4,6-7,10,16H,1H2,(H,17,18)(H2,11,12,13)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1 IVOMOUWHDPKRLL-KQYNXXCUSA-N 329.20614 329.05252 Nc1ncnc2n(cnc12)[C@@H]1O[C@@H]2COP(O)(=O)O[C@H]2[C@H]1O CHEBI:11673 CHEBI:1325 CHEBI:19827 CHEBI:41588 Beilstein:52645 CAS:60-92-4 DrugBank:DB02527 HMDB:HMDB0000058 KEGG:C00575 KNApSAcK:C00001497 MetaCyc:CAMP PDBeChem:CMP PMID:16295522 PMID:18372334 PMID:22770225 Reaxys:52645 Wikipedia:Cyclic_AMP 3',5'-Cyclic AMP adenosine 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate) chebi_ontology ADENOSINE-3',5'-CYCLIC-MONOPHOSPHATE Adenosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate Adenosine 3',5'-phosphate Cyclic AMP Cyclic adenylic acid adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate cAMP CHEBI:17489 3',5'-cyclic AMP Beilstein:52645 Beilstein CAS:60-92-4 ChemIDplus CAS:60-92-4 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:60-92-4 NIST Chemistry WebBook PMID:16295522 Europe PMC PMID:18372334 Europe PMC PMID:22770225 Europe PMC Reaxys:52645 Reaxys 3',5'-Cyclic AMP KEGG_COMPOUND adenosine 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate) IUPAC ADENOSINE-3',5'-CYCLIC-MONOPHOSPHATE PDBeChem Adenosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate KEGG_COMPOUND Adenosine 3',5'-phosphate KEGG_COMPOUND Cyclic AMP KEGG_COMPOUND Cyclic adenylic acid KEGG_COMPOUND adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate NIST_Chemistry_WebBook cAMP KEGG_COMPOUND A carbohydrate that is an acyclic polyol having the general formula HOCH2[CH(OH)]nCH2OH (formally derivable from an aldose by reduction of the carbonyl group). 0 (CH2O)nC2H6O2 CHEBI:13754 CHEBI:22298 CHEBI:2556 KEGG:C00717 Wikipedia:Glycerin Alditol alditol chebi_ontology Glycitol Sugar alcohol alditols CHEBI:17522 alditol Alditol KEGG_COMPOUND alditol UniProt Glycitol KEGG_COMPOUND Sugar alcohol KEGG_COMPOUND alditols ChEBI The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid. -1 CHO3 InChI=1S/CH2O3/c2-1(3)4/h(H2,2,3,4)/p-1 BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 61.01684 60.99312 OC([O-])=O CHEBI:13363 CHEBI:22863 CHEBI:40961 CHEBI:5589 Beilstein:3903504 CAS:71-52-3 Gmelin:49249 HMDB:HMDB0000595 KEGG:C00288 MetaCyc:HCO3 PDBeChem:BCT PMID:17215880 PMID:17505962 PMID:18439416 PMID:28732801 PMID:29150416 PMID:29460248 PMID:29466234 PMID:4208463 Wikipedia:Bicarbonate Hydrogencarbonate hydrogen(trioxidocarbonate)(1-) hydrogencarbonate hydrogencarbonate(1-) hydrogentrioxocarbonate(1-) hydrogentrioxocarbonate(IV) hydroxidodioxidocarbonate(1-) chebi_ontology Acid carbonate BICARBONATE ION Bicarbonate HCO3(-) HCO3- [CO2(OH)](-) hydrogen carbonate CHEBI:17544 hydrogencarbonate Beilstein:3903504 Beilstein CAS:71-52-3 ChemIDplus Gmelin:49249 Gmelin PMID:17215880 Europe PMC PMID:17505962 Europe PMC PMID:18439416 Europe PMC PMID:28732801 Europe PMC PMID:29150416 Europe PMC PMID:29460248 Europe PMC PMID:29466234 Europe PMC PMID:4208463 Europe PMC Hydrogencarbonate KEGG_COMPOUND hydrogen(trioxidocarbonate)(1-) IUPAC hydrogencarbonate IUPAC hydrogencarbonate UniProt hydrogencarbonate(1-) IUPAC hydrogentrioxocarbonate(1-) IUPAC hydrogentrioxocarbonate(IV) IUPAC hydroxidodioxidocarbonate(1-) IUPAC Acid carbonate KEGG_COMPOUND BICARBONATE ION PDBeChem Bicarbonate KEGG_COMPOUND HCO3(-) IUPAC HCO3- KEGG_COMPOUND [CO2(OH)](-) IUPAC hydrogen carbonate PDBeChem An optically active form of cysteine having L-configuration. 0 C3H7NO2S InChI=1S/C3H7NO2S/c4-2(1-7)3(5)6/h2,7H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)/t2-/m0/s1 XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N 121.15800 121.01975 N[C@@H](CS)C(O)=O CHEBI:13095 CHEBI:21261 CHEBI:41227 CHEBI:41700 CHEBI:41768 CHEBI:41781 CHEBI:41811 CHEBI:6207 Beilstein:1721408 CAS:52-90-4 DrugBank:DB00151 Drug_Central:769 ECMDB:ECMDB00574 Gmelin:49991 HMDB:HMDB0000574 KEGG:C00097 KEGG:D00026 KNApSAcK:C00001351 MetaCyc:CYS PDBeChem:CYS PMID:11732994 PMID:13761469 PMID:22735334 Reaxys:1721408 Wikipedia:Cysteine YMDB:YMDB00046 L-Cysteine L-cysteine chebi_ontology (2R)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid (2R)-2-amino-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid (R)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid C CYSTEINE Cys E 920 E-920 E920 FREE CYSTEINE L-2-Amino-3-mercaptopropionic acid L-Cystein L-Zystein CHEBI:17561 L-cysteine Beilstein:1721408 Beilstein CAS:52-90-4 ChemIDplus CAS:52-90-4 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:52-90-4 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:769 DrugCentral Gmelin:49991 Gmelin PMID:11732994 Europe PMC PMID:13761469 Europe PMC PMID:22735334 Europe PMC Reaxys:1721408 Reaxys L-Cysteine KEGG_COMPOUND L-cysteine IUPAC (2R)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid JCBN (2R)-2-amino-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid IUPAC (R)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook C ChEBI CYSTEINE PDBeChem Cys ChEBI E 920 ChEBI E-920 ChEBI E920 ChEBI FREE CYSTEINE PDBeChem L-2-Amino-3-mercaptopropionic acid KEGG_COMPOUND L-Cystein ChEBI L-Zystein ChEBI A common and naturally occurring pyrimidine nucleobase in which the pyrimidine ring is substituted with two oxo groups at positions 2 and 4. Found in RNA, it base pairs with adenine and replaces thymine during DNA transcription. 0 C4H4N2O2 InChI=1S/C4H4N2O2/c7-3-1-2-5-4(8)6-3/h1-2H,(H2,5,6,7,8) ISAKRJDGNUQOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 112.08684 112.02728 O=c1cc[nH]c(=O)[nH]1 CHEBI:15288 CHEBI:27210 CHEBI:46375 CHEBI:9882 Beilstein:606623 CAS:66-22-8 DrugBank:DB03419 Gmelin:2896 HMDB:HMDB0000300 KEGG:C00106 KEGG:D00027 KNApSAcK:C00001513 MetaCyc:URACIL PDBeChem:URA PMID:11279060 PMID:12855717 PMID:15274295 PMID:16834123 PMID:17439666 PMID:18533995 PMID:18815805 PMID:19175333 PMID:22020693 PMID:22074393 PMID:22120518 PMID:22171528 PMID:22237209 PMID:22299724 PMID:22356544 PMID:22447672 PMID:22483865 PMID:22567906 PMID:22685418 PMID:3654008 Reaxys:606623 Wikipedia:Uracil URACIL Uracil pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione uracil chebi_ontology 2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione 2,4-Dioxopyrimidine 2,4-Pyrimidinedione U Ura Urazil CHEBI:17568 uracil Beilstein:606623 Beilstein CAS:66-22-8 ChemIDplus CAS:66-22-8 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:66-22-8 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:2896 Gmelin PMID:11279060 Europe PMC PMID:12855717 Europe PMC PMID:15274295 Europe PMC PMID:16834123 Europe PMC PMID:17439666 Europe PMC PMID:18533995 Europe PMC PMID:18815805 Europe PMC PMID:19175333 Europe PMC PMID:22020693 Europe PMC PMID:22074393 Europe PMC PMID:22120518 Europe PMC PMID:22171528 Europe PMC PMID:22237209 Europe PMC PMID:22299724 Europe PMC PMID:22356544 Europe PMC PMID:22447672 Europe PMC PMID:22483865 Europe PMC PMID:22567906 Europe PMC PMID:22685418 Europe PMC PMID:3654008 Europe PMC Reaxys:606623 Reaxys URACIL PDBeChem Uracil KEGG_COMPOUND pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione IUPAC uracil UniProt 2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione NIST_Chemistry_WebBook 2,4-Dioxopyrimidine HMDB 2,4-Pyrimidinedione HMDB U ChEBI Ura CBN Urazil ChEBI A straight chain alkane composed of 8 carbon atoms. 0 C8H18 InChI=1S/C8H18/c1-3-5-7-8-6-4-2/h3-8H2,1-2H3 TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 114.22852 114.14085 CCCCCCCC CHEBI:14680 CHEBI:25465 CHEBI:25645 CHEBI:44621 CHEBI:7723 Beilstein:1696875 CAS:111-65-9 DrugBank:DB02440 Gmelin:82412 HMDB:HMDB0001485 KEGG:C01387 LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMFA11000002 MetaCyc:CPD-148 PDBeChem:OCT PMID:11255151 PMID:24354334 Reaxys:1696875 UM-BBD_compID:c0044 Wikipedia:Octane Octane octane chebi_ontology CH3-[CH2]6-CH3 N-OCTANE Oktan n-Octane n-Oktan CHEBI:17590 octane Beilstein:1696875 Beilstein CAS:111-65-9 ChemIDplus CAS:111-65-9 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:111-65-9 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:82412 Gmelin LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMFA11000002 LIPID MAPS PMID:11255151 Europe PMC PMID:24354334 Europe PMC Reaxys:1696875 Reaxys UM-BBD_compID:c0044 UM-BBD Octane KEGG_COMPOUND octane IUPAC octane UniProt CH3-[CH2]6-CH3 IUPAC N-OCTANE PDBeChem Oktan NIST_Chemistry_WebBook n-Octane KEGG_COMPOUND n-Oktan ChEBI A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum. 0 C10H14N2 InChI=1S/C10H14N2/c1-12-7-3-5-10(12)9-4-2-6-11-8-9/h2,4,6,8,10H,3,5,7H2,1H3/t10-/m0/s1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N 162.232 162.11570 C=1C=C([C@]2(N(CCC2)C)[H])C=NC1 CHEBI:14653 CHEBI:25536 CHEBI:44268 CHEBI:7562 BPDB:485 Beilstein:3604351 Beilstein:82109 CAS:54-11-5 DrugBank:DB00184 Drug_Central:1920 HMDB:HMDB0001934 KEGG:C00745 KEGG:D03365 KNApSAcK:C00002057 LINCS:LSM-2093 MetaCyc:NICOTINE PDBeChem:NCT PMID:11209966 PMID:11322615 PMID:11406005 PMID:11719700 PMID:11768184 PMID:11821649 PMID:11851194 PMID:12575980 PMID:12692774 PMID:12769614 PMID:12850578 PMID:12971663 PMID:13590907 PMID:14674846 PMID:14761239 PMID:14975706 PMID:15019421 PMID:15027713 PMID:15251917 PMID:15276225 PMID:15380834 PMID:15502843 PMID:15527885 PMID:15707677 PMID:15734728 PMID:15826609 PMID:15894687 PMID:15902919 PMID:15960296 PMID:15963341 PMID:16059663 PMID:16212709 PMID:16333621 PMID:16370520 PMID:16496293 PMID:17023324 PMID:17206646 PMID:17292347 PMID:17350101 PMID:17498763 PMID:17504235 PMID:17525204 PMID:17560039 PMID:17683794 PMID:18380035 PMID:18383130 PMID:18490768 PMID:18683238 PMID:18685152 PMID:18805442 PMID:18922921 PMID:19100291 PMID:19100331 PMID:19287496 PMID:19389046 PMID:19448649 PMID:19465085 PMID:19850423 PMID:19954906 PMID:21521420 PMID:21636612 PMID:21822688 PMID:21945235 PMID:21947355 PMID:22030716 PMID:22129149 PMID:22218403 PMID:22265518 PMID:22331007 PMID:22377934 PMID:22459798 PMID:22529223 PMID:22530136 PMID:27951416 PMID:28187919 PMID:28391535 PMID:28574230 PMID:28641297 PMID:28678400 PMID:28683421 PMID:28686840 PMID:28698187 PMID:28700952 PMID:28704277 PMID:28710519 PMID:28711472 PMID:28714396 PMID:28718768 PMID:28718828 PMID:28726253 PMID:28735272 Reaxys:82109 Wikipedia:Nicotine (S)-Nicotine (S)-nicotine 3-[(2S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]pyridine chebi_ontology (-)-3-(1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidyl)pyridine (-)-3-(N-Methylpyrrolidino)pyridine (-)-nicotine (R)-3-(1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine (S)-(-)-nicotine (S)-3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine (S)-3-(N-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine 1-Methyl-2-(3-pyridyl)pyrrolidine 3-(1-Methyl-2-pyrollidinyl)pyridine 3-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine 3-(2-(N-methylpyrrolidinyl))pyridine 3-(N-methylpyrollidino)pyridine L(-)-nicotine L-3-(1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidyl)pyridine L-Nicotine Nicotine CHEBI:17688 (S)-nicotine Beilstein:3604351 Beilstein Beilstein:82109 Beilstein CAS:54-11-5 ChemIDplus CAS:54-11-5 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:54-11-5 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:1920 DrugCentral PMID:11209966 Europe PMC PMID:11322615 Europe PMC PMID:11406005 Europe PMC PMID:11719700 Europe PMC PMID:11768184 Europe PMC PMID:11821649 Europe PMC PMID:11851194 Europe PMC PMID:12575980 Europe PMC PMID:12692774 Europe PMC PMID:12769614 Europe PMC PMID:12850578 Europe PMC PMID:12971663 Europe PMC PMID:13590907 Europe PMC PMID:14674846 Europe PMC PMID:14761239 Europe PMC PMID:14975706 Europe PMC PMID:15019421 Europe PMC PMID:15027713 Europe PMC PMID:15251917 Europe PMC PMID:15276225 Europe PMC PMID:15380834 Europe PMC PMID:15502843 Europe PMC PMID:15527885 Europe PMC PMID:15707677 Europe PMC PMID:15734728 Europe PMC PMID:15826609 Europe PMC PMID:15894687 Europe PMC PMID:15902919 Europe PMC PMID:15960296 Europe PMC PMID:15963341 Europe PMC PMID:16059663 Europe PMC PMID:16212709 Europe PMC PMID:16333621 Europe PMC PMID:16370520 Europe PMC PMID:16496293 Europe PMC PMID:17023324 Europe PMC PMID:17206646 Europe PMC PMID:17292347 Europe PMC PMID:17350101 Europe PMC PMID:17498763 Europe PMC PMID:17504235 Europe PMC PMID:17525204 Europe PMC PMID:17560039 Europe PMC PMID:17683794 Europe PMC PMID:18380035 Europe PMC PMID:18383130 Europe PMC PMID:18490768 Europe PMC PMID:18683238 Europe PMC PMID:18685152 Europe PMC PMID:18805442 Europe PMC PMID:18922921 Europe PMC PMID:19100291 Europe PMC PMID:19100331 Europe PMC PMID:19287496 Europe PMC PMID:19389046 Europe PMC PMID:19448649 Europe PMC PMID:19465085 Europe PMC PMID:19850423 Europe PMC PMID:19954906 Europe PMC PMID:21521420 Europe PMC PMID:21636612 Europe PMC PMID:21822688 Europe PMC PMID:21945235 Europe PMC PMID:21947355 Europe PMC PMID:22030716 Europe PMC PMID:22129149 Europe PMC PMID:22218403 Europe PMC PMID:22265518 Europe PMC PMID:22331007 Europe PMC PMID:22377934 Europe PMC PMID:22459798 Europe PMC PMID:22529223 Europe PMC PMID:22530136 Europe PMC PMID:27951416 Europe PMC PMID:28187919 Europe PMC PMID:28391535 Europe PMC PMID:28574230 Europe PMC PMID:28641297 Europe PMC PMID:28678400 Europe PMC PMID:28683421 Europe PMC PMID:28686840 Europe PMC PMID:28698187 Europe PMC PMID:28700952 Europe PMC PMID:28704277 Europe PMC PMID:28710519 Europe PMC PMID:28711472 Europe PMC PMID:28714396 Europe PMC PMID:28718768 Europe PMC PMID:28718828 Europe PMC PMID:28726253 Europe PMC PMID:28735272 Europe PMC Reaxys:82109 Reaxys (S)-Nicotine KEGG_COMPOUND (S)-nicotine ChemIDplus 3-[(2S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]pyridine IUPAC (-)-3-(1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidyl)pyridine HMDB (-)-3-(N-Methylpyrrolidino)pyridine HMDB (-)-nicotine ChemIDplus (R)-3-(1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine HMDB (S)-(-)-nicotine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook (S)-3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine KEGG_COMPOUND (S)-3-(N-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine IUBMB 1-Methyl-2-(3-pyridyl)pyrrolidine HMDB 3-(1-Methyl-2-pyrollidinyl)pyridine HMDB 3-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine HMDB 3-(2-(N-methylpyrrolidinyl))pyridine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook 3-(N-methylpyrollidino)pyridine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook L(-)-nicotine IUBMB L-3-(1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidyl)pyridine HMDB L-Nicotine HMDB Nicotine HMDB Nicotine KEGG_COMPOUND A triol with a structure of propane substituted at positions 1, 2 and 3 by hydroxy groups. 0 C3H8O3 InChI=1S/C3H8O3/c4-1-3(6)2-5/h3-6H,1-2H2 PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 92.09382 92.04734 OCC(O)CO CHEBI:131422 CHEBI:14334 CHEBI:24351 CHEBI:42998 CHEBI:5448 Beilstein:635685 CAS:56-81-5 DrugBank:DB04077 Drug_Central:1316 ECMDB:ECMDB00131 Gmelin:26279 HMDB:HMDB0000131 KEGG:C00116 KEGG:D00028 KNApSAcK:C00001163 LINCS:LSM-37180 MetaCyc:GLYCEROL PDB:2AJS PDB:2D03 PDBeChem:GOL PMID:11958517 PMID:12672239 PMID:12689633 PMID:14559393 PMID:14563847 PMID:15342117 PMID:15786693 PMID:16244855 PMID:16258193 PMID:16319039 PMID:16349488 PMID:16651733 PMID:16664750 PMID:16901854 PMID:17336832 PMID:17439666 PMID:17979222 PMID:19184438 PMID:19231894 PMID:19460032 PMID:19548674 PMID:19795216 PMID:19956799 PMID:22705534 PMID:23562176 PMID:23747440 PMID:24643482 PMID:25108762 PMID:7031247 PMID:7392035 PPDB:1317 Reaxys:635685 UM-BBD_compID:c0066 Wikipedia:Glycerol YMDB:YMDB00283 GLYCEROL Glycerol glycerol propane-1,2,3-triol chebi_ontology 1,2,3-Propanetriol 1,2,3-Trihydroxypropane Glycerin Glyceritol Glyzerin Gro Oelsuess Propanetriol Trihydroxypropane glycerine glycerol glycerolum glycyl alcohol CHEBI:17754 glycerol Beilstein:635685 Beilstein CAS:56-81-5 ChemIDplus CAS:56-81-5 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:56-81-5 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:1316 DrugCentral Gmelin:26279 Gmelin PMID:11958517 Europe PMC PMID:12672239 ChEMBL PMID:12689633 Europe PMC PMID:14559393 Europe PMC PMID:14563847 Europe PMC PMID:15342117 Europe PMC PMID:15786693 Europe PMC PMID:16244855 Europe PMC PMID:16258193 Europe PMC PMID:16319039 Europe PMC PMID:16349488 Europe PMC PMID:16651733 Europe PMC PMID:16664750 Europe PMC PMID:16901854 Europe PMC PMID:17336832 Europe PMC PMID:17439666 Europe PMC PMID:17979222 Europe PMC PMID:19184438 Europe PMC PMID:19231894 Europe PMC PMID:19460032 Europe PMC PMID:19548674 Europe PMC PMID:19795216 Europe PMC PMID:19956799 Europe PMC PMID:22705534 Europe PMC PMID:23562176 Europe PMC PMID:23747440 Europe PMC PMID:24643482 Europe PMC PMID:25108762 Europe PMC PMID:7031247 ChEMBL PMID:7392035 ChEMBL Reaxys:635685 Reaxys UM-BBD_compID:c0066 UM-BBD GLYCEROL PDBeChem Glycerol KEGG_COMPOUND glycerol ChEBI glycerol UniProt propane-1,2,3-triol IUPAC 1,2,3-Propanetriol KEGG_COMPOUND 1,2,3-Trihydroxypropane KEGG_COMPOUND Glycerin KEGG_COMPOUND Glyceritol HMDB Glyzerin ChEBI Gro JCBN Oelsuess ChEBI Propanetriol HMDB Trihydroxypropane HMDB glycerine ChEBI glycerol ChemIDplus glycerolum ChemIDplus glycyl alcohol NIST_Chemistry_WebBook The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group. 0 CH4O InChI=1S/CH4O/c1-2/h2H,1H3 OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 32.04186 32.02621 CO CHEBI:14588 CHEBI:25227 CHEBI:44080 CHEBI:44553 CHEBI:6816 Beilstein:1098229 CAS:67-56-1 Gmelin:449 HMDB:HMDB0001875 KEGG:C00132 KEGG:D02309 MetaCyc:METOH PDBeChem:MOH PMID:11141607 PMID:11430978 PMID:11489599 PMID:11680737 PMID:11684179 PMID:14012711 PMID:14678513 PMID:14760634 PMID:15172721 PMID:15906011 PMID:16705261 PMID:17451998 PMID:17733096 PMID:19064074 PMID:19850112 PMID:20314698 Reaxys:1098229 UM-BBD_compID:c0132 Wikipedia:Methanol METHANOL Methanol methanol chebi_ontology CH3OH MeOH Methyl alcohol Methylalkohol carbinol spirit of wood wood alcohol wood naphtha wood spirit CHEBI:17790 methanol Beilstein:1098229 Beilstein CAS:67-56-1 ChemIDplus CAS:67-56-1 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:67-56-1 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:449 Gmelin PMID:11141607 Europe PMC PMID:11430978 Europe PMC PMID:11489599 Europe PMC PMID:11680737 Europe PMC PMID:11684179 Europe PMC PMID:14012711 Europe PMC PMID:14678513 Europe PMC PMID:14760634 Europe PMC PMID:15172721 Europe PMC PMID:15906011 Europe PMC PMID:16705261 Europe PMC PMID:17451998 Europe PMC PMID:17733096 Europe PMC PMID:19064074 Europe PMC PMID:19850112 Europe PMC PMID:20314698 Europe PMC Reaxys:1098229 Reaxys UM-BBD_compID:c0132 UM-BBD METHANOL PDBeChem Methanol KEGG_COMPOUND methanol IUPAC methanol UniProt CH3OH ChEBI MeOH ChEBI Methyl alcohol KEGG_COMPOUND Methylalkohol NIST_Chemistry_WebBook carbinol ChemIDplus spirit of wood HMDB wood alcohol ChemIDplus wood naphtha ChemIDplus wood spirit NIST_Chemistry_WebBook A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms. 0 ClH HCl InChI=1S/ClH/h1H VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 36.46064 35.97668 Cl[H] CHEBI:13364 CHEBI:24635 CHEBI:5590 CAS:7647-01-0 Drug_Central:4568 Gmelin:322 HMDB:HMDB0002306 KEGG:C01327 KEGG:D02057 MetaCyc:HCL PMID:15823700 PMID:17492841 PMID:22804993 Reaxys:1098214 Wikipedia:HCl Wikipedia:Hydrochloric_acid Hydrogen chloride chlorane chloridohydrogen hydrogen chloride chebi_ontology Chlorwasserstoff HCl Hydrochloride Hydrogenchlorid Wasserstoffchlorid [HCl] chlorure d'hydrogene cloruro de hidrogeno hydrochloric acid CHEBI:17883 hydrogen chloride CAS:7647-01-0 ChemIDplus CAS:7647-01-0 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:7647-01-0 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:4568 DrugCentral Gmelin:322 Gmelin PMID:15823700 Europe PMC PMID:17492841 Europe PMC PMID:22804993 Europe PMC Reaxys:1098214 Reaxys Hydrogen chloride KEGG_COMPOUND chlorane IUPAC chloridohydrogen IUPAC hydrogen chloride IUPAC Chlorwasserstoff ChEBI HCl KEGG_COMPOUND Hydrochloride KEGG_COMPOUND Hydrogenchlorid ChEBI Wasserstoffchlorid ChEBI [HCl] IUPAC chlorure d'hydrogene ChEBI cloruro de hidrogeno ChEBI hydrochloric acid ChemIDplus A molecular entity that can transfer ("donate") an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group to another molecular entity. CHEBI:14202 CHEBI:4697 KEGG:C01351 Donor chebi_ontology Donator donneur CHEBI:17891 donor Donor KEGG_COMPOUND Donator ChEBI donneur ChEBI A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. -1 C4H7O2 InChI=1S/C4H8O2/c1-2-3-4(5)6/h2-3H2,1H3,(H,5,6)/p-1 FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 87.09718 87.04515 CCCC([O-])=O CHEBI:13924 CHEBI:22946 Beilstein:3601060 CAS:461-55-2 Gmelin:324289 KEGG:C00246 MetaCyc:BUTYRIC_ACID PMID:17190852 PMID:7496326 Reaxys:3601060 UM-BBD_compID:c0035 butanoate butyrate chebi_ontology 1-butanoate 1-butyrate 1-propanecarboxylate CH3-[CH2]2-COO(-) butanate butanoate butanoic acid, ion(1-) n-butanoate n-butyrate propanecarboxylate propylformate CHEBI:17968 butyrate Beilstein:3601060 Beilstein CAS:461-55-2 ChemIDplus Gmelin:324289 Gmelin PMID:17190852 Europe PMC PMID:7496326 Europe PMC Reaxys:3601060 Reaxys UM-BBD_compID:c0035 UM-BBD butanoate IUPAC butyrate IUPAC 1-butanoate ChEBI 1-butyrate ChEBI 1-propanecarboxylate ChEBI CH3-[CH2]2-COO(-) IUPAC butanate ChEBI butanoate ChEBI butanoate UniProt butanoic acid, ion(1-) ChemIDplus n-butanoate ChEBI n-butyrate ChemIDplus propanecarboxylate ChEBI propylformate ChEBI 0 C5H12O13P3R 373.063 372.94908 CHEBI:15047 CHEBI:26559 CHEBI:8846 KEGG:C03802 Ribonucleoside triphosphate chebi_ontology ribonucleoside triphosphates CHEBI:17972 ribonucleoside triphosphate Ribonucleoside triphosphate KEGG_COMPOUND ribonucleoside triphosphates ChEBI A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion. -1 Cl InChI=1S/ClH/h1H/p-1 VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 35.45270 34.96940 [Cl-] CHEBI:13291 CHEBI:13970 CHEBI:3616 CHEBI:3731 CHEBI:48804 Beilstein:3587171 CAS:16887-00-6 Gmelin:14910 KEGG:C00115 KEGG:C00698 PDBeChem:CL UM-BBD_compID:c0884 Chloride chloride chloride(1-) chebi_ontology CHLORIDE ION Chloride ion Chloride(1-) Chlorine anion Cl(-) Cl- CHEBI:17996 chloride Beilstein:3587171 Beilstein CAS:16887-00-6 ChemIDplus CAS:16887-00-6 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:16887-00-6 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:14910 Gmelin UM-BBD_compID:c0884 UM-BBD Chloride KEGG_COMPOUND chloride IUPAC chloride UniProt chloride(1-) IUPAC CHLORIDE ION PDBeChem Chloride ion KEGG_COMPOUND Chloride(1-) ChemIDplus Chlorine anion NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Cl(-) IUPAC Cl- KEGG_COMPOUND 'Lipids' is a loosely defined term for substances of biological origin that are soluble in nonpolar solvents. They consist of saponifiable lipids, such as glycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids, as well as nonsaponifiable lipids, principally steroids. CHEBI:14517 CHEBI:25054 CHEBI:6486 KEGG:C01356 Lipid lipids chebi_ontology CHEBI:18059 lipid Lipid KEGG_COMPOUND lipids IUPAC An alcohol that consists of cyclohexane bearing a single hydroxy substituent. The parent of the class of cyclohexanols. 0 C6H12O InChI=1S/C6H12O/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h6-7H,1-5H2 HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 100.15888 100.08882 OC1CCCCC1 CHEBI:14051 CHEBI:23471 CHEBI:4013 CHEBI:41739 CAS:108-93-0 DrugBank:DB03703 KEGG:C00854 MetaCyc:CYCLOHEXANOL PDBeChem:CXL PMID:11682644 PMID:23825601 Reaxys:906744 UM-BBD_compID:c0175 Wikipedia:Cyclohexanol Cyclohexanol cyclohexanol chebi_ontology 1-Cyclohexanol Cyclohexan-1-ol Cyclohexyl alcohol Hexahydrophenol Hexalin Hydrophenol Hydroxycyclohexane CHEBI:18099 cyclohexanol CAS:108-93-0 ChemIDplus CAS:108-93-0 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:108-93-0 NIST Chemistry WebBook PMID:11682644 Europe PMC PMID:23825601 Europe PMC Reaxys:906744 Reaxys UM-BBD_compID:c0175 UM-BBD Cyclohexanol KEGG_COMPOUND cyclohexanol IUPAC cyclohexanol UniProt 1-Cyclohexanol ChemIDplus Cyclohexan-1-ol KEGG_COMPOUND Cyclohexyl alcohol ChemIDplus Hexahydrophenol KEGG_COMPOUND Hexalin KEGG_COMPOUND Hydrophenol NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Hydroxycyclohexane ChemIDplus Any six-carbon monosaccharide which in its linear form contains either an aldehyde group at position 1 (aldohexose) or a ketone group at position 2 (ketohexose). CHEBI:14399 CHEBI:24590 CHEBI:5709 KEGG:C00738 Hexose chebi_ontology hexoses CHEBI:18133 hexose Hexose KEGG_COMPOUND hexoses ChEBI 0 HX 1.008 1.00783 [F,Cl,Br,I] CHEBI:13368 CHEBI:37140 CHEBI:5599 hydrogen halide hydrogen halides chebi_ontology HX hydrogen halides CHEBI:18140 hydrogen halide hydrogen halide IUPAC hydrogen halides IUPAC HX UniProt hydrogen halides ChEBI A biomacromolecule consisting of large numbers of monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. This term is commonly used only for those containing more than ten monosaccharide residues. CHEBI:14864 CHEBI:26205 CHEBI:8322 KEGG:C00420 Polysaccharide polysaccharides chebi_ontology Glycan Glycane Glykan Glykane glycans polisacarido polisacaridos CHEBI:18154 polysaccharide Polysaccharide KEGG_COMPOUND polysaccharides IUPAC Glycan KEGG_COMPOUND Glycane ChEBI Glykan ChEBI Glykane ChEBI glycans IUPAC polisacarido ChEBI polisacaridos IUPAC Any phosphatidylinositol that is phosphorylated at one or more of the hydroxy groups of inositol. CHEBI:14806 CHEBI:60751 CHEBI:8132 PMID:10782093 PMID:15269334 PMID:17035995 PMID:19154715 chebi_ontology CHEBI:18179 phosphoinositide PMID:10782093 Europe PMC PMID:15269334 Europe PMC PMID:17035995 Europe PMC PMID:19154715 Europe PMC Catechol in which the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted by a 2-aminoethyl group. 0 C8H11NO2 InChI=1S/C8H11NO2/c9-4-3-6-1-2-7(10)8(11)5-6/h1-2,5,10-11H,3-4,9H2 VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 153.17840 153.07898 NCCc1ccc(O)c(O)c1 CHEBI:11695 CHEBI:11930 CHEBI:14203 CHEBI:1764 CHEBI:23886 CHEBI:43686 CAS:51-61-6 DrugBank:DB00988 Drug_Central:947 HMDB:HMDB0000073 KEGG:C03758 KEGG:D07870 KNApSAcK:C00001408 LINCS:LSM-4630 MetaCyc:DOPAMINE PMID:10629745 PMID:11149432 PMID:9422813 Reaxys:1072822 Wikipedia:Dopamine 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol Dopamine chebi_ontology 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamine 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamine 3,4-Dihydroxyphenethylamine 3-Hydroxytyramine 4-(2-Aminoethyl)-1,2-benzenediol 4-(2-Aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol 4-(2-aminoethyl)-1,2-benzenediol 4-(2-aminoethyl)catechol 4-(2-aminoethyl)pyrocatechol Deoxyepinephrine Hydroxytyramin dopamina dopamine dopaminum CHEBI:18243 dopamine CAS:51-61-6 ChemIDplus Drug_Central:947 DrugCentral PMID:10629745 Europe PMC PMID:11149432 Europe PMC PMID:9422813 Europe PMC Reaxys:1072822 Reaxys 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol IUPAC Dopamine KEGG_COMPOUND 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamine KEGG_COMPOUND 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamine ChEBI 3,4-Dihydroxyphenethylamine KEGG_COMPOUND 3-Hydroxytyramine ChemIDplus 4-(2-Aminoethyl)-1,2-benzenediol KEGG_COMPOUND 4-(2-Aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol KEGG_COMPOUND 4-(2-aminoethyl)-1,2-benzenediol ChEBI 4-(2-aminoethyl)catechol ChemIDplus 4-(2-aminoethyl)pyrocatechol ChemIDplus Deoxyepinephrine DrugBank Hydroxytyramin DrugBank dopamina ChemIDplus dopamine ChEBI dopaminum ChemIDplus An iron group element atom that has atomic number 26. 0 Fe InChI=1S/Fe XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 55.84500 55.93494 [Fe] CHEBI:13322 CHEBI:24872 CHEBI:5974 CAS:7439-89-6 DrugBank:DB01592 HMDB:HMDB0015531 KEGG:C00023 Reaxys:4122945 WebElements:Fe iron chebi_ontology 26Fe Eisen Fe Iron fer ferrum hierro iron CHEBI:18248 iron atom CAS:7439-89-6 ChemIDplus CAS:7439-89-6 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:7439-89-6 NIST Chemistry WebBook Reaxys:4122945 Reaxys iron IUPAC 26Fe IUPAC Eisen ChEBI Fe IUPAC Iron KEGG_COMPOUND fer ChEBI ferrum IUPAC hierro ChEBI iron ChEBI Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose. 0 C5H9O4R 133.123 133.05008 OC[C@H]1O[C@@H]([*])[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O CHEBI:13014 CHEBI:13015 CHEBI:13685 CHEBI:21085 CHEBI:26560 CHEBI:4240 CHEBI:8844 KEGG:C00911 Ribonucleoside chebi_ontology a ribonucleoside ribonucleosides CHEBI:18254 ribonucleoside Ribonucleoside KEGG_COMPOUND a ribonucleoside UniProt ribonucleosides ChEBI That part of DNA or RNA that may be involved in pairing. CHEBI:13873 CHEBI:25598 CHEBI:2995 KEGG:C00701 Wikipedia:Nucleobase chebi_ontology Base nucleobases CHEBI:18282 nucleobase Base KEGG_COMPOUND nucleobases ChEBI 0 Mn InChI=1S/Mn PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 54.93805 54.93804 [Mn] CHEBI:13382 CHEBI:25153 CHEBI:6681 CAS:7439-96-5 KEGG:C00034 WebElements:Mn manganese chebi_ontology 25Mn Mangan Manganese Mn manganese manganeso manganum CHEBI:18291 manganese atom CAS:7439-96-5 ChemIDplus CAS:7439-96-5 KEGG COMPOUND manganese IUPAC 25Mn IUPAC Mangan NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Manganese KEGG_COMPOUND Mn IUPAC manganese ChEBI manganeso ChEBI manganum ChEBI An acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n+2, and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms. 0 CH3R 15.035 15.02348 C[*] CHEBI:13435 CHEBI:22317 CHEBI:2576 KEGG:C01371 Alkane alkane alkanes chebi_ontology Alkan RH alcane alcanes alcano alcanos an alkane CHEBI:18310 alkane Alkane KEGG_COMPOUND alkane IUPAC alkanes IUPAC Alkan ChEBI RH KEGG_COMPOUND alcane IUPAC alcanes IUPAC alcano IUPAC alcanos IUPAC an alkane UniProt A phosphate ion that is the conjugate base of hydrogenphosphate. -3 O4P InChI=1S/H3O4P/c1-5(2,3)4/h(H3,1,2,3,4)/p-3 NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 94.97136 94.95507 [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O CHEBI:14791 CHEBI:45024 CHEBI:7793 Beilstein:3903772 CAS:14265-44-2 Gmelin:1997 KEGG:C00009 PDBeChem:PO4 Reaxys:3903772 phosphate tetraoxidophosphate(3-) tetraoxophosphate(3-) tetraoxophosphate(V) chebi_ontology Orthophosphate PHOSPHATE ION PO4(3-) Phosphate [PO4](3-) CHEBI:18367 phosphate(3-) Beilstein:3903772 Beilstein CAS:14265-44-2 ChemIDplus CAS:14265-44-2 KEGG COMPOUND Gmelin:1997 Gmelin PDBeChem:PO4 ChEBI Reaxys:3903772 Reaxys phosphate IUPAC tetraoxidophosphate(3-) IUPAC tetraoxophosphate(3-) IUPAC tetraoxophosphate(V) IUPAC Orthophosphate KEGG_COMPOUND PHOSPHATE ION PDBeChem PO4(3-) IUPAC Phosphate KEGG_COMPOUND [PO4](3-) IUPAC A ribosyl or deoxyribosyl derivative of a pyrimidine or purine base in which C-3 and C-5 of the ribose ring are engaged in formation of a cyclic mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-phosphate. 0 C5H7O5PR2 178.07980 178.00311 OP1(=O)OC[C@H]2O[C@@H]([*])[C@H]([*])[C@@H]2O1 CHEBI:1331 CHEBI:14672 CHEBI:19833 chebi_ontology nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphates CHEBI:18375 nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphates ChEBI A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicotine. Beilstein:82108 Beilstein:82111 CAS:22083-74-5 DrugBank:DB00184 HMDB:HMDB0014330 KEGG:C16150 KNApSAcK:C00002057 PMID:10751565 PMID:11192937 PMID:11471991 PMID:11559179 PMID:11682702 PMID:11714820 PMID:11719700 PMID:11801622 PMID:11818389 PMID:11860617 PMID:12197757 PMID:12700710 PMID:12965231 PMID:14715938 PMID:15183514 PMID:15251917 PMID:15313135 PMID:15458549 PMID:15707677 PMID:15894687 PMID:15960296 PMID:15961264 PMID:16496293 PMID:16950410 PMID:17167832 PMID:17206646 PMID:17438652 PMID:17498149 PMID:17942810 PMID:18077004 PMID:18311975 PMID:18380035 PMID:18383130 PMID:18651995 PMID:18922921 PMID:19100331 PMID:19287496 PMID:19389046 PMID:19465085 PMID:20338106 PMID:20528766 PMID:21636612 PMID:21822688 PMID:21945235 PMID:22129149 PMID:22218403 PMID:22331007 PMID:22377934 PMID:22448647 PMID:22459798 PMID:22529223 PMID:22573728 PMID:22585541 PMID:22589423 PMID:22770225 PMID:22792725 PMID:22855884 PMID:22930863 PMID:22935730 PMID:23108361 PMID:23117126 PMID:7097594 PMID:7564279 PMID:7566693 PMID:7807214 PMID:7896575 PMID:8156919 PMID:8545712 PMID:8764340 PMID:9203638 PMID:9450943 PMID:9621392 Reaxys:82108 UM-BBD_compID:c0468 Wikipedia:Nicotine rac-3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine chebi_ontology (+-)-3-(1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine (+-)-nicotine (R,S)-nicotine (RS)-nicotine nicotin nikotin CHEBI:18723 nicotine Beilstein:82108 Beilstein Beilstein:82111 Beilstein CAS:22083-74-5 ChemIDplus CAS:22083-74-5 KEGG COMPOUND PMID:10751565 Europe PMC PMID:11192937 Europe PMC PMID:11471991 Europe PMC PMID:11559179 Europe PMC PMID:11682702 Europe PMC PMID:11714820 Europe PMC PMID:11719700 Europe PMC PMID:11801622 Europe PMC PMID:11818389 Europe PMC PMID:11860617 Europe PMC PMID:12197757 Europe PMC PMID:12700710 Europe PMC PMID:12965231 Europe PMC PMID:14715938 Europe PMC PMID:15183514 Europe PMC PMID:15251917 Europe PMC PMID:15313135 Europe PMC PMID:15458549 Europe PMC PMID:15707677 Europe PMC PMID:15894687 Europe PMC PMID:15960296 Europe PMC PMID:15961264 Europe PMC PMID:16496293 Europe PMC PMID:16950410 Europe PMC PMID:17167832 Europe PMC PMID:17206646 Europe PMC PMID:17438652 Europe PMC PMID:17498149 Europe PMC PMID:17942810 Europe PMC PMID:18077004 Europe PMC PMID:18311975 Europe PMC PMID:18380035 Europe PMC PMID:18383130 Europe PMC PMID:18651995 Europe PMC PMID:18922921 Europe PMC PMID:19100331 Europe PMC PMID:19287496 Europe PMC PMID:19389046 Europe PMC PMID:19465085 Europe PMC PMID:20338106 Europe PMC PMID:20528766 Europe PMC PMID:21636612 Europe PMC PMID:21822688 Europe PMC PMID:21945235 Europe PMC PMID:22129149 Europe PMC PMID:22218403 Europe PMC PMID:22331007 Europe PMC PMID:22377934 Europe PMC PMID:22448647 Europe PMC PMID:22459798 Europe PMC PMID:22529223 Europe PMC PMID:22573728 Europe PMC PMID:22585541 Europe PMC PMID:22589423 Europe PMC PMID:22770225 Europe PMC PMID:22792725 Europe PMC PMID:22855884 Europe PMC PMID:22930863 Europe PMC PMID:22935730 Europe PMC PMID:23108361 Europe PMC PMID:23117126 Europe PMC PMID:7097594 Europe PMC PMID:7564279 Europe PMC PMID:7566693 Europe PMC PMID:7807214 Europe PMC PMID:7896575 Europe PMC PMID:8156919 Europe PMC PMID:8545712 Europe PMC PMID:8764340 Europe PMC PMID:9203638 Europe PMC PMID:9450943 Europe PMC PMID:9621392 Europe PMC Reaxys:82108 Reaxys UM-BBD_compID:c0468 UM-BBD rac-3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine IUPAC (+-)-3-(1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine KEGG_COMPOUND (+-)-nicotine ChemIDplus (R,S)-nicotine ChemIDplus (RS)-nicotine UM-BBD nicotin ChEBI nikotin ChEBI chebi_ontology 11alpha-hydroxy steroids CHEBI:19129 11alpha-hydroxy steroid 11alpha-hydroxy steroids ChEBI chebi_ontology 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotides CHEBI:19834 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotides ChEBI Any aminopurine having the amino substituent at the 2-position. 2-aminopurines chebi_ontology CHEBI:20702 2-aminopurines 2-aminopurines ChEBI Any compound having 6-aminopurine (adenine) as part of its structure. PMID:1646334 PMID:18524423 PMID:7342604 6-aminopurines chebi_ontology CHEBI:20706 6-aminopurines PMID:1646334 Europe PMC PMID:18524423 Europe PMC PMID:7342604 Europe PMC 6-aminopurines ChEBI A glycosyl compound arising formally from the elimination of water from a glycosidic hydroxy group and an H atom bound to a nitrogen atom, thus creating a C-N bond. glycosylamine chebi_ontology N-glycoside N-glycosides N-glycosyl compounds glycosylamines CHEBI:21731 N-glycosyl compound glycosylamine IUPAC N-glycoside ChEBI N-glycosides ChEBI N-glycosyl compounds ChEBI glycosylamines IUPAC A substance used to destroy pests of the subclass Acari (mites and ticks). Wikipedia:Acaricide chebi_ontology Akarizid Akarizide acaricides miticide CHEBI:22153 acaricide Akarizid ChEBI Akarizide ChEBI acaricides ChEBI miticide ChEBI Compounds with the general formula RNHC(=O)CH3. chebi_ontology CHEBI:22160 acetamides An organic group formed by removing one or more hydroxy groups from an oxoacid that has the general structure RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0). Although the term is almost always applied to organic compounds, with carboxylic acid as the oxoacid, acyl groups can in principle be derived from other types of acids such as sulfonic acids or phosphonic acids. acyl group alkanoyl chebi_ontology acyl groups alkanoyl group groupe acyle CHEBI:22221 acyl group acyl group IUPAC alkanoyl IUPAC acyl groups ChEBI alkanoyl group ChEBI groupe acyle IUPAC chebi_ontology adenosine phosphates CHEBI:22256 adenosine phosphate adenosine phosphates ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:22260 adenosines Oximes of aldehydes RCH=NOH. 0 CH2NOR 44.03270 44.01364 [H]C([*])=NO KEGG:C02658 aldoxime aldoximes chebi_ontology aldoximes CHEBI:22307 aldoxime aldoxime ChEBI aldoximes IUPAC aldoximes ChEBI alkaline earth metals chebi_ontology Erdalkalimetall Erdalkalimetalle alkaline earth metal alkaline-earth metal alkaline-earth metals metal alcalino-terreux metal alcalinoterreo metales alcalinoterreos metaux alcalino-terreux CHEBI:22313 alkaline earth metal atom alkaline earth metals IUPAC Erdalkalimetall ChEBI Erdalkalimetalle ChEBI alkaline earth metal ChEBI alkaline-earth metal ChEBI alkaline-earth metals ChEBI metal alcalino-terreux ChEBI metal alcalinoterreo ChEBI metales alcalinoterreos ChEBI metaux alcalino-terreux ChEBI alkali metals chebi_ontology Alkalimetall Alkalimetalle alkali metal metal alcalin metal alcalino metales alcalinos metaux alcalins CHEBI:22314 alkali metal atom alkali metals IUPAC Alkalimetall ChEBI Alkalimetalle ChEBI alkali metal ChEBI metal alcalin ChEBI metal alcalino ChEBI metales alcalinos ChEBI metaux alcalins ChEBI Any of the naturally occurring, basic nitrogen compounds (mostly heterocyclic) occurring mostly in the plant kingdom, but also found in bacteria, fungi, and animals. By extension, certain neutral compounds biogenetically related to basic alkaloids are also classed as alkaloids. Amino acids, peptides, proteins, nucleotides, nucleic acids, amino sugars and antibiotics are not normally regarded as alkaloids. Compounds in which the nitrogen is exocyclic (dopamine, mescaline, serotonin, etc.) are usually classed as amines rather than alkaloids. Wikipedia:Alkaloid Alkaloid alkaloids chebi_ontology Alkaloide alcaloide alcaloides CHEBI:22315 alkaloid Alkaloid ChEBI alkaloids IUPAC Alkaloide ChEBI alcaloide ChEBI alcaloides ChEBI A univalent group -CnH2n+1 derived from an alkane by removal of a hydrogen atom from any carbon atom. alkyl group alkyl groups chebi_ontology groupe alkyle grupo alquilo grupos alquilo CHEBI:22323 alkyl group alkyl group IUPAC alkyl groups IUPAC groupe alkyle IUPAC grupo alquilo IUPAC grupos alquilo IUPAC chebi_ontology aliphatic thioether aliphatic thioethers CHEBI:22327 aliphatic sulfide aliphatic thioether ChEBI aliphatic thioethers ChEBI Highly reactive chemical that introduces alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules and thereby prevents their proper functioning. It could be used as an antineoplastic agent, but it might be very toxic, with carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressant actions. It could also be used as a component of poison gases. chebi_ontology CHEBI:22333 alkylating agent An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group. chebi_ontology amino alcohols aminoalcohol aminoalcohols CHEBI:22478 amino alcohol amino alcohols ChEBI aminoalcohol ChEBI aminoalcohols ChEBI Any purine having at least one amino substituent. chebi_ontology aminopurines CHEBI:22527 aminopurine aminopurines ChEBI Any aromatic amine that is benzene carrying at least one amino substituent and its substituted derivatives. chebi_ontology CHEBI:22562 anilines A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the electron. Anion anion chebi_ontology Anionen aniones anions CHEBI:22563 anion Anion ChEBI anion ChEBI anion IUPAC Anionen ChEBI aniones ChEBI anions IUPAC A substance that opposes oxidation or inhibits reactions brought about by dioxygen or peroxides. chebi_ontology antioxidants antioxydant antoxidant CHEBI:22586 antioxidant antioxidants ChEBI antioxydant ChEBI antoxidant ChEBI arsenic molecular entity chebi_ontology arsenic compounds arsenic molecular entities CHEBI:22632 arsenic molecular entity arsenic molecular entity ChEBI arsenic compounds ChEBI arsenic molecular entities ChEBI An arsenic oxoanion resulting from the removal of one or more protons from arsenous acid. chebi_ontology arsenite anions arsenite ions CHEBI:22633 arsenite ion arsenite anions ChEBI arsenite ions ChEBI A molecular entity having an available pair of electrons capable of forming a covalent bond with a hydron (Bronsted base) or with the vacant orbital of some other molecular entity (Lewis base). KEGG:C00701 Base base chebi_ontology Base1 Base2 Basen Nucleobase bases CHEBI:22695 base Base ChEBI base ChEBI base IUPAC Base1 KEGG_COMPOUND Base2 KEGG_COMPOUND Basen ChEBI Nucleobase KEGG_COMPOUND bases ChEBI Any arenecarbaldehyde that consists of a formyl substituted benzene ring and its substituted derivatives thereof. chebi_ontology CHEBI:22698 benzaldehydes Any benzenoid aromatic compound consisting of the benzene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. chebi_ontology CHEBI:22712 benzenes chebi_ontology benzopyrroles CHEBI:22728 benzopyrrole benzopyrroles ChEBI By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom. Wikipedia:Bisphenol chebi_ontology bisphenols CHEBI:22901 bisphenol bisphenols ChEBI An insecticide compound naturally occurring in plants. chebi_ontology botanical insecticide botanical insecticides phytogenic insecticides CHEBI:22917 phytogenic insecticide botanical insecticide ChEBI botanical insecticides ChEBI phytogenic insecticides ChEBI 0 Br InChI=1S/Br WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 79.90400 78.91834 [Br] WebElements:Br bromine chebi_ontology 35Br Br Brom brome bromine bromo bromum CHEBI:22927 bromine atom bromine IUPAC 35Br IUPAC Br ChEBI Brom ChEBI brome ChEBI bromine ChEBI bromo ChEBI bromum ChEBI bromine molecular entity chebi_ontology bromine compounds bromine molecular entities CHEBI:22928 bromine molecular entity bromine molecular entity ChEBI bromine compounds ChEBI bromine molecular entities ChEBI Any ketone that is butane substituted by an oxo group at unspecified position. chebi_ontology butanones CHEBI:22951 butanone butanones ChEBI 0 Cd InChI=1S/Cd BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 112.41100 113.90336 [Cd] CAS:7440-43-9 KEGG:C01413 WebElements:Cd cadmium chebi_ontology 48Cd Cd Kadmium cadmio cadmium CHEBI:22977 cadmium atom CAS:7440-43-9 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-43-9 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:7440-43-9 NIST Chemistry WebBook cadmium IUPAC 48Cd IUPAC Cd IUPAC Kadmium NIST_Chemistry_WebBook cadmio ChEBI cadmium ChEBI Any ester of carbamic acid or its N-substituted derivatives. Wikipedia:Carbamate chebi_ontology carbamate esters carbamates CHEBI:23003 carbamate ester carbamate esters ChEBI carbamates ChEBI The univalent carboacyl group formed by loss of -OH from the carboxy group of carbamic acid. 0 CH2NO 44.03272 44.01364 PMID:24168430 carbamoyl chebi_ontology -C(O)NH2 -CONH2 aminocarbonyl carbamyl carbamyl group carboxamide CHEBI:23004 carbamoyl group PMID:24168430 Europe PMC carbamoyl IUPAC -C(O)NH2 ChEBI -CONH2 IUPAC aminocarbonyl IUPAC carbamyl ChEBI carbamyl group ChEBI carboxamide IUPAC chebi_ontology carbon oxides oxides of carbon CHEBI:23014 carbon oxide carbon oxides ChEBI oxides of carbon ChEBI 0 CO 28.01010 27.99491 carbonyl carbonyl group chebi_ontology >C=O CHEBI:23019 carbonyl group carbonyl IUPAC carbonyl group ChEBI carbonyl group UniProt >C=O IUPAC chebi_ontology chloride salts chlorides CHEBI:23114 chloride salt chloride salts ChEBI chlorides ChEBI 0 Cl InChI=1S/Cl ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 35.45270 34.96885 [Cl] WebElements:Cl chlorine chebi_ontology 17Cl Chlor Cl chlore chlorine chlorum cloro CHEBI:23116 chlorine atom chlorine IUPAC 17Cl IUPAC Chlor ChEBI Cl IUPAC chlore ChEBI chlorine ChEBI chlorum ChEBI cloro ChEBI A halogen molecular entity containing one or more atoms of chlorine. chebi_ontology CHEBI:23117 chlorine molecular entity An organic molecule or ion (usually a metal ion) that is required by an enzyme for its activity. It may be attached either loosely (coenzyme) or tightly (prosthetic group). Wikipedia:Cofactor_(biochemistry) cofactor cofactors chebi_ontology CHEBI:23357 cofactor cofactor IUPAC cofactors IUPAC An alkaloid that is a carbotricyclic compound comprising 5,6,7,9-tetrahydrobenzo[a]heptalene having four methoxy substituents at the 1-, 2-, 3- and 10-positions as well as an oxo group at the 9-position and an acetamido group at the 7-position. It has been isolated from the plants belonging to genus Colchicum. 0 C22H25NO6 InChI=1S/C22H25NO6/c1-12(24)23-16-8-6-13-10-19(27-3)21(28-4)22(29-5)20(13)14-7-9-18(26-2)17(25)11-15(14)16/h7,9-11,16H,6,8H2,1-5H3,(H,23,24) IAKHMKGGTNLKSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 399.43704 399.16819 COc1cc2CCC(NC(C)=O)c3cc(=O)c(OC)ccc3-c2c(OC)c1OC Beilstein:2228812 CAS:54192-66-4 DrugBank:DB01394 HMDB:HMDB0015466 LINCS:LSM-6449 PMID:10680067 PMID:24074178 PMID:7200520 PMID:9819133 Reaxys:2228812 N-(1,2,3,10-tetramethoxy-9-oxo-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrobenzo[a]heptalen-7-yl)acetamide chebi_ontology CHEBI:23359 colchicine Beilstein:2228812 Beilstein CAS:54192-66-4 NIST Chemistry WebBook PMID:10680067 Europe PMC PMID:24074178 Europe PMC PMID:7200520 Europe PMC PMID:9819133 Europe PMC Reaxys:2228812 Reaxys N-(1,2,3,10-tetramethoxy-9-oxo-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrobenzo[a]heptalen-7-yl)acetamide IUPAC Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity. molecular entity chebi_ontology entidad molecular entidades moleculares entite moleculaire molecular entities molekulare Entitaet CHEBI:23367 molecular entity Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity. fake:2 molecular entity IUPAC entidad molecular IUPAC entidades moleculares IUPAC entite moleculaire IUPAC molecular entities IUPAC molekulare Entitaet ChEBI copper molecular entity chebi_ontology copper compounds copper molecular entities CHEBI:23377 copper molecular entity copper molecular entity ChEBI copper compounds ChEBI copper molecular entities ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:23423 pseudohalogen oxoacid chebi_ontology cyclic nucleotides CHEBI:23447 cyclic nucleotide cyclic nucleotides ChEBI chebi_ontology Cyclopeptid Zyklopeptid cyclic peptides peptide cyclique peptido ciclico CHEBI:23449 cyclic peptide Cyclopeptid ChEBI Zyklopeptid ChEBI cyclic peptides ChEBI peptide cyclique IUPAC peptido ciclico IUPAC A polyol consisting of a cycloalkane containing at least three hydroxy groups, each attached to a different ring carbon atom. cyclitols chebi_ontology CHEBI:23451 cyclitol cyclitols IUPAC An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton. chebi_ontology CHEBI:23480 cyclohexanols Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution. chebi_ontology CHEBI:23493 cyclopentanes An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclopentane skeleton. chebi_ontology CHEBI:23495 cyclopentanols An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of cysteine at the amino group, carboxy group, or thiol group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of cysteine by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing cysteine residues. cysteine derivative chebi_ontology CHEBI:23509 cysteine derivative cysteine derivative ChEBI An azole that is either one of a pair of heterocyclic organic compounds comprising three carbon atoms and two nitrogen atoms arranged in a ring. chebi_ontology diazoles CHEBI:23677 diazole diazoles ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:237958 ({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(9H-purin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methyl phosphonato}oxy)(phosphonatooxy)phosphinate Any terpenoid derived from a diterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C20 skeleton of the parent diterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups). LIPID_MAPS_class:LMPR0104 diterpenoids chebi_ontology C20 isoprenoids diterpenoides CHEBI:23849 diterpenoid LIPID_MAPS_class:LMPR0104 LIPID MAPS diterpenoids IUPAC C20 isoprenoids LIPID_MAPS diterpenoides ChEBI Any substance which when absorbed into a living organism may modify one or more of its functions. The term is generally accepted for a substance taken for a therapeutic purpose, but is also commonly used for abused substances. chebi_ontology drugs medicine CHEBI:23888 drug drugs ChEBI medicine ChEBI chebi_ontology monoatomic anions CHEBI:23905 monoatomic anion monoatomic anions ChEBI chebi_ontology monoatomic cations CHEBI:23906 monoatomic cation monoatomic cations ChEBI A compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction. enzyme inhibitor chebi_ontology enzyme inhibitors inhibidor enzimatico inhibidores enzimaticos inhibiteur enzymatique inhibiteurs enzymatiques CHEBI:23924 enzyme inhibitor enzyme inhibitor IUPAC enzyme inhibitors ChEBI inhibidor enzimatico ChEBI inhibidores enzimaticos ChEBI inhibiteur enzymatique ChEBI inhibiteurs enzymatiques ChEBI chebi_ontology ethanolamine CHEBI:23981 ethanolamines ethanolamine ChEBI Any primary alcohol based on an ethanol skeleton. chebi_ontology CHEBI:23982 ethanols A methanesulfonate ester resulting from the formal condensation of methanesulfonic acid with ethanol. 0 C3H8O3S InChI=1S/C3H8O3S/c1-3-6-7(2,4)5/h3H2,1-2H3 PLUBXMRUUVWRLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 124.15900 124.01942 CCOS(C)(=O)=O CAS:62-50-0 KEGG:C19239 PMID:16039156 PMID:19797863 PMID:20102787 PMID:24475756 PMID:24524729 PMID:24531730 PMID:24728647 PMID:6936603 PMID:7285888 Reaxys:773969 Wikipedia:Ethyl_methanesulfonate chebi_ontology EMS ethyl mesylate ethyl methanesulphonate methylsulfonic acid ethyl ester methylsulfonic acid, ethyl ester CHEBI:23994 ethyl methanesulfonate CAS:62-50-0 ChemIDplus CAS:62-50-0 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:62-50-0 NIST Chemistry WebBook PMID:16039156 Europe PMC PMID:19797863 Europe PMC PMID:20102787 Europe PMC PMID:24475756 Europe PMC PMID:24524729 Europe PMC PMID:24531730 Europe PMC PMID:24728647 Europe PMC PMID:6936603 Europe PMC PMID:7285888 Europe PMC Reaxys:773969 Reaxys EMS ChemIDplus ethyl mesylate ChemIDplus ethyl methanesulphonate ChemIDplus methylsulfonic acid ethyl ester ChemIDplus methylsulfonic acid, ethyl ester ChemIDplus An aliphatic alcohol consisting of a chain of 8 to 22 carbon atoms. Fatty alcohols may be saturated or unsaturated and may be branched or unbranched. LIPID_MAPS_class:LMFA05 fatty alcohol chebi_ontology Fettalkohol Fettalkohole alcool gras fatty alcohols CHEBI:24026 fatty alcohol LIPID_MAPS_class:LMFA05 LIPID MAPS fatty alcohol ChEBI Fettalkohol ChEBI Fettalkohole ChEBI alcool gras ChEBI fatty alcohols ChEBI fatty alcohols LIPID_MAPS 0 F InChI=1S/F YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 18.99840 18.99840 [F] CAS:7782-41-4 WebElements:F fluorine chebi_ontology 9F F Fluor fluor fluorine fluorum CHEBI:24061 fluorine atom CAS:7782-41-4 ChemIDplus fluorine IUPAC 9F IUPAC F IUPAC Fluor ChemIDplus fluor ChEBI fluorine ChEBI fluorum ChEBI fluorine molecular entity chebi_ontology fluorine compounds fluorine molecular entities CHEBI:24062 fluorine molecular entity fluorine molecular entity ChEBI fluorine compounds ChEBI fluorine molecular entities ChEBI A haloalkane that is an alkane in which at least one hydrogen atom has been replaced by a fluorine atom. fluoroalkane chebi_ontology fluoroalkanes CHEBI:24067 fluoroalkane fluoroalkane ChEBI fluoroalkanes ChEBI Compounds containing at least one furan ring. chebi_ontology oxacyclopenta-2,4-dienes CHEBI:24129 furans oxacyclopenta-2,4-dienes ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:24384 glycogens A glycosyl compound resulting from the attachment of a glycosyl group to a non-acyl group RO-, RS-, RSe-, etc. The bond between the glycosyl group and the non-acyl group is called a glycosidic bond. By extension, the terms N-glycosides and C-glycosides are used as class names for glycosylamines and for compounds having a glycosyl group attached to a hydrocarbyl group respectively. These terms are misnomers and should not be used. The preferred terms are glycosylamines and C-glycosyl compounds, respectively. glycosides chebi_ontology O-glycoside O-glycosides glycosides CHEBI:24400 glycoside glycosides IUPAC O-glycoside ChEBI O-glycosides ChEBI glycosides ChEBI A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances. chemical entity chebi_ontology CHEBI:24431 chemical entity chemical entity UniProt A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context. chebi_ontology biological function CHEBI:24432 biological role biological function ChEBI A defined linked collection of atoms or a single atom within a molecular entity. group chebi_ontology Gruppe Rest groupe grupo grupos CHEBI:24433 group group IUPAC Gruppe ChEBI Rest ChEBI groupe IUPAC grupo IUPAC grupos IUPAC An organohalogen compound that is an alkane in which at least one hydrogen atom has been replaced by with a halogen atom. chebi_ontology alkyl halide alkyl halides haloalkanes CHEBI:24469 haloalkane alkyl halide ChEBI alkyl halides ChEBI haloalkanes ChEBI halogen molecular entity chebi_ontology halogen compounds halogen molecular entities CHEBI:24471 halogen molecular entity halogen molecular entity ChEBI halogen compounds ChEBI halogen molecular entities ChEBI A compound derived from a hydrocarbon by replacing a hydrogen atom with a halogen atom. chebi_ontology halogenated hydrocarbons halohydrocarbons CHEBI:24472 halohydrocarbon halogenated hydrocarbons ChEBI halohydrocarbons ChEBI halogen halogens chebi_ontology Halogene group 17 elements group VII elements halogene halogenes halogeno halogenos CHEBI:24473 halogen halogen IUPAC halogens IUPAC Halogene ChEBI group 17 elements ChEBI group VII elements ChEBI halogene ChEBI halogenes ChEBI halogeno ChEBI halogenos ChEBI A substance used to destroy plant pests. Wikipedia:Herbicide chebi_ontology Herbizid Unkrautbekaempfungsmittel Unkrautvertilgungsmittel Wildkrautbekaempfungsmittel herbicides CHEBI:24527 herbicide Herbizid ChEBI Unkrautbekaempfungsmittel ChEBI Unkrautvertilgungsmittel ChEBI Wildkrautbekaempfungsmittel ChEBI herbicides ChEBI A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of carbon and at least of one other element. chebi_ontology organic heterocycle organic heterocyclic compounds CHEBI:24532 organic heterocyclic compound organic heterocycle ChEBI organic heterocyclic compounds ChEBI A heterodetic cyclic peptide is a peptide consisting only of amino-acid residues, but in which the linkages forming the ring are not solely peptide bonds; one or more is an isopeptide, disulfide, ester, or other bond. heterodetic cyclic peptide chebi_ontology heterodetic cyclic peptides peptide cyclique heterodetique peptido ciclico heterodetico CHEBI:24533 heterodetic cyclic peptide heterodetic cyclic peptide IUPAC heterodetic cyclic peptides ChEBI peptide cyclique heterodetique IUPAC peptido ciclico heterodetico IUPAC Originally referring to an endogenous compound that is formed in specialized organ or group of cells and carried to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory function, the term is now commonly used to include non-endogenous, semi-synthetic and fully synthetic analogues of such compounds. chebi_ontology endocrine hormones CHEBI:24621 hormone endocrine ChEBI hormones ChEBI A compound consisting of carbon and hydrogen only. hydrocarbon hydrocarbons chebi_ontology Kohlenwasserstoff Kohlenwasserstoffe hidrocarburo hidrocarburos hydrocarbure CHEBI:24632 hydrocarbon hydrocarbon IUPAC hydrocarbons IUPAC Kohlenwasserstoff ChEBI Kohlenwasserstoffe ChEBI hidrocarburo IUPAC hidrocarburos IUPAC hydrocarbure IUPAC Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)). chebi_ontology CHEBI:24651 hydroxides A chlorine oxoacid with formula HOCl; a weak, unstable acid, it is the active form of chlorine in water. 0 ClHO InChI=1S/ClHO/c1-2/h2H QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 52.46004 51.97159 OCl CAS:7790-92-3 Gmelin:688 PMID:11640916 PMID:12079432 PMID:12215218 PMID:15589368 PMID:7487057 PMID:8072005 chloranol hydroxidochlorine hypochlorous acid chebi_ontology Chlor(I)-saeure HClO HOCl [ClOH] hypochloric acid hypochlorige Saeure CHEBI:24757 hypochlorous acid CAS:7790-92-3 ChemIDplus CAS:7790-92-3 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:688 Gmelin PMID:11640916 Europe PMC PMID:12079432 Europe PMC PMID:12215218 Europe PMC PMID:15589368 Europe PMC PMID:7487057 Europe PMC PMID:8072005 Europe PMC chloranol IUPAC hydroxidochlorine IUPAC hypochlorous acid IUPAC hypochlorous acid UniProt Chlor(I)-saeure ChEBI HClO IUPAC HOCl IUPAC [ClOH] IUPAC hypochloric acid ChEBI hypochlorige Saeure ChEBI A five-membered organic heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3, or any of its derivatives; compounds containing an imidazole skeleton. chebi_ontology CHEBI:24780 imidazoles imide chebi_ontology imides CHEBI:24782 imide imide ChEBI imides ChEBI Any compound containing an indole skeleton. chebi_ontology CHEBI:24828 indoles A compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). oxoacid oxoacids chebi_ontology oxacids oxiacids oxo acid oxy-acids oxyacids CHEBI:24833 oxoacid oxoacid IUPAC oxoacids IUPAC oxacids ChEBI oxiacids ChEBI oxo acid ChEBI oxy-acids ChEBI oxyacids ChEBI chebi_ontology inorganic anions CHEBI:24834 inorganic anion inorganic anions ChEBI A molecular entity that contains no carbon. chebi_ontology anorganische Verbindungen inorganic compounds inorganic entity inorganic molecular entities inorganics CHEBI:24835 inorganic molecular entity anorganische Verbindungen ChEBI inorganic compounds ChEBI inorganic entity ChEBI inorganic molecular entities ChEBI inorganics ChEBI chebi_ontology inorganic oxides CHEBI:24836 inorganic oxide inorganic oxides ChEBI Compounds of structure ROOR' in which R and R' are inorganic groups. inorganic peroxide chebi_ontology inorganic peroxides CHEBI:24837 inorganic peroxide inorganic peroxide ChEBI inorganic peroxides ChEBI chebi_ontology anorganisches Salz inorganic salts CHEBI:24839 inorganic salt anorganisches Salz ChEBI inorganic salts ChEBI Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol. 0 C6H12O6 InChI=1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-2(8)4(10)6(12)5(11)3(1)9/h1-12H CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 180.15588 180.06339 OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C1O inositol inositols chebi_ontology 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol inositols CHEBI:24848 inositol inositol IUBMB inositols IUPAC 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol ChEBI inositols ChEBI Strictly, a substance intended to kill members of the class Insecta. In common usage, any substance used for preventing, destroying, repelling or controlling insects. Wikipedia:Insecticide chebi_ontology insecticides CHEBI:24852 insecticide insecticides ChEBI chebi_ontology iodide salts iodides CHEBI:24858 iodide salt iodide salts ChEBI iodides ChEBI Chemical element with atomic number 53. 0 I InChI=1S/I ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 126.90447 126.90447 [I] WebElements:I iodine chebi_ontology 53I I Iod J Jod iode iodine iodium yodo CHEBI:24859 iodine atom iodine IUPAC 53I IUPAC I ChEBI Iod ChEBI J ChEBI Jod ChEBI iode ChEBI iodine ChEBI iodium ChEBI yodo ChEBI iodine molecular entity chebi_ontology iodine compounds iodine molecular entities CHEBI:24860 iodine molecular entity iodine molecular entity ChEBI iodine compounds ChEBI iodine molecular entities ChEBI A salt is an assembly of cations and anions. salt chebi_ontology Salz Salze ionic compound ionic compounds sal sales salts sel sels CHEBI:24866 salt salt IUPAC Salz ChEBI Salze ChEBI ionic compound ChEBI ionic compounds ChEBI sal ChEBI sales ChEBI salts ChEBI sel ChEBI sels ChEBI chebi_ontology monoatomic ions CHEBI:24867 monoatomic ion monoatomic ions ChEBI chebi_ontology organic salts organisches Salz CHEBI:24868 organic salt organic salts ChEBI organisches Salz ChEBI A molecular entity having a net electric charge. Ion ion chebi_ontology Ionen iones ions CHEBI:24870 ion Ion ChEBI ion ChEBI ion IUPAC Ionen ChEBI iones ChEBI ions ChEBI iron molecular entity chebi_ontology iron compounds iron molecular entities CHEBI:24873 iron molecular entity iron molecular entity ChEBI iron compounds ChEBI iron molecular entities ChEBI Any lipid formally derived from isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene), the skeleton of which can generally be discerned in repeated occurrence in the molecule. The skeleton of isoprenoids may differ from strict additivity of isoprene units by loss or shift of a fragment, commonly a methyl group. The class includes both hydrocarbons and oxygenated derivatives. LIPID_MAPS_class:LMPR01 PMID:12769708 PMID:19219049 isoprenoid isoprenoids chebi_ontology isoprenoids CHEBI:24913 isoprenoid LIPID_MAPS_class:LMPR01 LIPID MAPS PMID:12769708 Europe PMC PMID:19219049 Europe PMC isoprenoid ChEBI isoprenoids IUPAC isoprenoids ChEBI Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine. chebi_ontology isoquinoline alkaloids CHEBI:24921 isoquinoline alkaloid isoquinoline alkaloids ChEBI A class of organic heteropolycyclic compound consisting of isoquinoline and its substitution derivatives. chebi_ontology CHEBI:24922 isoquinolines Any cyclic carboxylic ester containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring. lactone lactones chebi_ontology Lacton Lakton Laktone lactona lactonas CHEBI:25000 lactone lactone IUPAC lactones IUPAC Lacton ChEBI Lakton ChEBI Laktone ChEBI lactona IUPAC lactonas IUPAC 0 Pb InChI=1S/Pb WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 207.20000 207.97665 [Pb] KEGG:C06696 WebElements:Pb lead chebi_ontology 82Pb Blei Pb lead plomb plomo plumbum CHEBI:25016 lead atom lead IUPAC 82Pb IUPAC Blei ChEBI Pb IUPAC lead ChEBI plomb ChEBI plomo ChEBI plumbum IUPAC A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6. 0 C6H14N2O2 InChI=1S/C6H14N2O2/c7-4-2-1-3-5(8)6(9)10/h5H,1-4,7-8H2,(H,9,10) KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 146.18764 146.10553 NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O Beilstein:1616991 CAS:70-54-2 Gmelin:279284 KEGG:C16440 PMID:17439666 PMID:22264337 Reaxys:1616991 Wikipedia:Lysine 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid lysine chebi_ontology K LYS Lysin alpha,epsilon-diaminocaproic acid CHEBI:25094 lysine Beilstein:1616991 Beilstein CAS:70-54-2 ChemIDplus CAS:70-54-2 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:279284 Gmelin PMID:17439666 Europe PMC PMID:22264337 Europe PMC Reaxys:1616991 Reaxys 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid IUPAC lysine IUPAC K ChEBI LYS ChEBI Lysin ChEBI alpha,epsilon-diaminocaproic acid ChEBI A macrocyclic lactone with a ring of twelve or more members which exhibits antibiotic activity. chebi_ontology Makrolidantibiotika macrolide antibiotics CHEBI:25105 macrolide antibiotic Makrolidantibiotika ChEBI macrolide antibiotics ChEBI A macrocyclic lactone with a ring of twelve or more members derived from a polyketide. Wikipedia:Macrolide macrolide macrolides chebi_ontology Makrolid macrolides CHEBI:25106 macrolide macrolide ChEBI macrolides IUPAC Makrolid ChEBI macrolides ChEBI 0 Mg InChI=1S/Mg FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 24.30500 23.98504 [Mg] CAS:7439-95-4 DrugBank:DB01378 Gmelin:16207 KEGG:C00305 WebElements:Mg magnesium chebi_ontology 12Mg Magnesium Mg magnesio magnesium CHEBI:25107 magnesium atom CAS:7439-95-4 ChemIDplus Gmelin:16207 Gmelin magnesium IUPAC 12Mg IUPAC Magnesium ChEBI Mg IUPAC magnesio ChEBI magnesium ChEBI 0 Hg InChI=1S/Hg QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 200.59000 201.97064 [Hg] CAS:7439-97-6 WebElements:Hg mercury chebi_ontology 80Hg Hg Quecksilber azogue hydrargyrum liquid silver mercure mercurio mercury quicksilver CHEBI:25195 mercury atom CAS:7439-97-6 ChemIDplus mercury IUPAC 80Hg IUPAC Hg IUPAC Quecksilber ChemIDplus azogue ChEBI hydrargyrum IUPAC liquid silver ChemIDplus mercure ChemIDplus mercurio ChEBI mercury ChEBI quicksilver ChemIDplus Any intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites. CHEBI:26619 CHEBI:35220 metabolite chebi_ontology metabolites primary metabolites secondary metabolites CHEBI:25212 metabolite metabolite IUPAC metabolites ChEBI primary metabolites ChEBI secondary metabolites ChEBI chebi_ontology a metal cation metal cations CHEBI:25213 metal cation a metal cation UniProt metal cations ChEBI chebi_ontology metalloporphyrins metaloporphyrins CHEBI:25216 metalloporphyrin metalloporphyrins ChEBI metaloporphyrins ChEBI An organosulfonic ester resulting from the formal condensation of methanesulfonic acid with the hydroxy group of an alcohol, phenol, heteroarenol, or enol. 0 CH3O3SR 95.099 94.98029 CS(O*)(=O)=O chebi_ontology mesylate ester mesylate esters methanesulfonic acid esters CHEBI:25223 methanesulfonate ester mesylate ester ChEBI mesylate esters ChEBI methanesulfonic acid esters ChEBI A 1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate that is the conjugate base of methanesulfonic acid. -1 CH3O3S InChI=1S/CH4O3S/c1-5(2,3)4/h1H3,(H,2,3,4)/p-1 AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 95.09872 94.98084 CS([O-])(=O)=O MetaCyc:CPD-3746 UM-BBD_compID:c0347 methanesulfonate chebi_ontology methylsulfonate CHEBI:25224 methanesulfonate UM-BBD_compID:c0347 UM-BBD methanesulfonate IUPAC methanesulfonate UniProt methylsulfonate UM-BBD Any carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxy group with methanol. 0 C2H3O2R 59.044 59.01330 COC([*])=O chebi_ontology carboxylic acid methyl ester carboxylic acid methyl esters CHEBI:25248 methyl ester carboxylic acid methyl ester ChEBI carboxylic acid methyl esters ChEBI A methanesulfonate ester resulting from the formal condensation of methanesulfonic acid with methanol. 0 C2H6O3S InChI=1S/C2H6O3S/c1-5-6(2,3)4/h1-2H3 MBABOKRGFJTBAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 110.13200 110.00377 COS(C)(=O)=O CAS:66-27-3 KEGG:C19181 MetaCyc:CPD-7038 PMID:11016630 PMID:14761437 PMID:16764919 PMID:21353429 PMID:21860482 PMID:22907509 PMID:23117069 PMID:23384783 PMID:23483329 Reaxys:1098586 Wikipedia:Methyl_methanesulfonate methyl methanesulfonate chebi_ontology CB1540 MMS Methanesulfonic acid methyl ester Methyl mesylate as-Dimethyl sulfite CHEBI:25255 methyl methanesulfonate CAS:66-27-3 ChemIDplus CAS:66-27-3 KEGG COMPOUND PMID:11016630 Europe PMC PMID:14761437 Europe PMC PMID:16764919 Europe PMC PMID:21353429 Europe PMC PMID:21860482 Europe PMC PMID:22907509 Europe PMC PMID:23117069 Europe PMC PMID:23384783 Europe PMC PMID:23483329 Europe PMC Reaxys:1098586 Reaxys methyl methanesulfonate IUPAC CB1540 ChEBI MMS ChemIDplus MMS KEGG_COMPOUND Methanesulfonic acid methyl ester ChemIDplus Methyl mesylate ChemIDplus as-Dimethyl sulfite ChemIDplus chebi_ontology methylxanthines CHEBI:25348 methylxanthine methylxanthines ChEBI Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom. molecule chebi_ontology Molekuel molecula molecules neutral molecular compounds CHEBI:25367 molecule molecule IUPAC Molekuel ChEBI molecula IUPAC molecules IUPAC neutral molecular compounds IUPAC A group of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-). Monoamines are derived from the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, histidine and tryptophan. chebi_ontology monamines monoamines CHEBI:25375 monoamine molecular messenger monamines ChEBI monoamines ChEBI An oxoacid containing a single carboxy group. chebi_ontology monocarboxylic acids CHEBI:25384 monocarboxylic acid monocarboxylic acids ChEBI Any fatty acid with one double or triple bond in the fatty acid chain and singly bonded carbon atoms in the rest of the chain. MUFAs have positive effects on the cardiovascular system, and in diabetes treatment. PMID:10584045 PMID:12936956 chebi_ontology MUFA MUFAs monounsaturated fatty acids CHEBI:25413 monounsaturated fatty acid PMID:10584045 Europe PMC PMID:12936956 Europe PMC MUFA ChEBI MUFAs ChEBI monounsaturated fatty acids ChEBI +1 0.00000 [*+] chebi_ontology monoatomic monocations monovalent inorganic cations CHEBI:25414 monoatomic monocation monoatomic monocations ChEBI monovalent inorganic cations ChEBI An agent that increases the frequency of mutations above the normal background level, usually by interacting directly with DNA and causing it damage, including base substitution. Wikipedia:Mutagen chebi_ontology mutagene mutagenes mutagenic agent mutageno mutagenos mutagens CHEBI:25435 mutagen mutagene ChEBI mutagenes ChEBI mutagenic agent ChEBI mutageno ChEBI mutagenos ChEBI mutagens ChEBI Poisonous substance produced by fungi. chebi_ontology fungal toxins mycotoxins CHEBI:25442 mycotoxin fungal toxins ChEBI mycotoxins ChEBI A substance used to destroy pests of the phylum Nematoda (roundworms). Wikipedia:Nematicide chebi_ontology nematicides nematocide nematocides CHEBI:25491 nematicide nematicides ChEBI nematocide ChEBI nematocides ChEBI An endogenous compound that is used to transmit information across the synapse between a neuron and another cell. Wikipedia:Neurotransmitter chebi_ontology neurotransmitters CHEBI:25512 neurotransmitter neurotransmitters ChEBI The oxime carbamate resulting from the addition of 2-methyl-2-(methylsulfanyl)propanaldoxime to methyl isocyanate. A member of the class of oxime carbamate insecticides, aldicarb is a mixture of E and Z isomers; it is not known which isomer is more active. 0 C7H14N2O2S InChI=1S/C7H14N2O2S/c1-7(2,12-4)5-9-11-6(10)8-3/h5H,1-4H3,(H,8,10) QGLZXHRNAYXIBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 190.26300 190.07760 [H]C(=NOC(=O)NC)C(C)(C)SC Beilstein:2046931 CAS:116-06-3 KEGG:C11015 LINCS:LSM-20978 PPDB:19 Patent:US3217037 2-methyl-N-[(methylcarbamoyl)oxy]-2-(methylsulfanyl)propan-1-imine Aldicarb chebi_ontology 2-Methyl-2-(methylthio)propanal, O-((methylamino)carbonyl)oxime 2-Methyl-2-(methylthio)propionaldehyde O-(methylcarbamoyl)oxime 2-Methyl-2-methylthio-propionaldehyd-O-(N-methyl-carbamoyl)-oxim aldicarbe CHEBI:2555 aldicarb Beilstein:2046931 Beilstein CAS:116-06-3 ChemIDplus CAS:116-06-3 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:116-06-3 NIST Chemistry WebBook 2-methyl-N-[(methylcarbamoyl)oxy]-2-(methylsulfanyl)propan-1-imine IUPAC Aldicarb KEGG_COMPOUND 2-Methyl-2-(methylthio)propanal, O-((methylamino)carbonyl)oxime ChemIDplus 2-Methyl-2-(methylthio)propionaldehyde O-(methylcarbamoyl)oxime ChemIDplus 2-Methyl-2-methylthio-propionaldehyd-O-(N-methyl-carbamoyl)-oxim COMe 2-Methyl-2-methylthio-propionaldehyd-O-(N-methyl-carbamoyl)-oxim ChemIDplus aldicarbe ChemIDplus 0 N 14.007 14.00307 WebElements:N nitrogen chebi_ontology 7N N Stickstoff azote nitrogen nitrogeno CHEBI:25555 nitrogen atom nitrogen IUPAC 7N IUPAC N IUPAC Stickstoff ChEBI azote IUPAC nitrogen ChEBI nitrogeno ChEBI Any ketone that is nonane substituted by an oxo group at unspecified position. chebi_ontology nonanones CHEBI:25579 nonanone nonanones ChEBI nonmetal chebi_ontology Nichtmetall Nichtmetalle no metal no metales non-metal non-metaux nonmetal nonmetals CHEBI:25585 nonmetal atom nonmetal IUPAC Nichtmetall ChEBI Nichtmetalle ChEBI no metal ChEBI no metales ChEBI non-metal ChEBI non-metaux ChEBI nonmetal ChEBI nonmetals ChEBI A nucleobase-containing molecular entity that is a nucleoside in which one or more of the sugar hydroxy groups has been converted into a mono- or poly-phosphate. The term includes both nucleotides and non-nucleotide nucleoside phosphates. KEGG:C01329 chebi_ontology NMP Nucleoside monophosphate nucleoside phosphates CHEBI:25608 nucleoside phosphate NMP KEGG_COMPOUND Nucleoside monophosphate KEGG_COMPOUND nucleoside phosphates ChEBI A peptide containing a relatively small number of amino acids. CHEBI:7755 Wikipedia:Oligopeptide oligopeptides chebi_ontology Oligopeptid oligopeptido CHEBI:25676 oligopeptide oligopeptides IUPAC Oligopeptid ChEBI oligopeptido ChEBI chebi_ontology organic heteromonocyclic compounds CHEBI:25693 organic heteromonocyclic compound organic heteromonocyclic compounds ChEBI Any organic ion with a net negative charge. chebi_ontology organic anions CHEBI:25696 organic anion organic anions ChEBI Any organic ion with a net positive charge. chebi_ontology organic cations CHEBI:25697 organic cation organic cations ChEBI An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen. 0 OR2 15.99940 15.99491 [*]O[*] ether ethers chebi_ontology ethers CHEBI:25698 ether ether IUPAC ethers IUPAC ethers ChEBI chebi_ontology organic ions CHEBI:25699 organic ion organic ions ChEBI An oxide in which the oxygen atom is bonded to a carbon atom. chebi_ontology organic oxides CHEBI:25701 organic oxide organic oxides ChEBI organic phosphate chebi_ontology organic phosphate ester organic phosphate esters organic phosphates organophosphate ester organophosphate esters CHEBI:25703 organic phosphate organic phosphate ChEBI organic phosphate ester ChEBI organic phosphate esters ChEBI organic phosphates ChEBI organophosphate ester ChEBI organophosphate esters ChEBI An alcohol derived from an aliphatic compound. 0 HOR 17.007 17.00274 O* KEGG:C02525 Aliphatic alcohol chebi_ontology aliphatic alcohols an aliphatic alcohol CHEBI:2571 aliphatic alcohol Aliphatic alcohol KEGG_COMPOUND aliphatic alcohols ChEBI an aliphatic alcohol UniProt An organophosphorus compound is formally a compound containing at least one carbon-phosphorus bond, but the term is often extended to include esters and thioesters. organophosphorus compound chebi_ontology organophosphorus compounds CHEBI:25710 organophosphorus compound organophosphorus compound ChEBI organophosphorus compounds ChEBI A solute used by a cell under water stress to maintain cell volume. chebi_ontology osmolytes CHEBI:25728 osmolyte osmolytes ChEBI An oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with other chemical elements. oxide chebi_ontology oxides CHEBI:25741 oxide oxide ChEBI oxides ChEBI Compounds of structure R2C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes. 0 CHNOR2 43.02470 43.00581 O\N=C(\[*])[*] oxime oximes chebi_ontology oximes CHEBI:25750 oxime oxime IUPAC oximes IUPAC oximes ChEBI Any fatty acid anion containing at least one C-C unsaturated bond; formed by deprotonation of the carboxylic acid moiety. chebi_ontology CHEBI:2580 unsaturated fatty acid anion 0 O InChI=1S/O QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 15.99940 15.99491 [O] KEGG:C00007 WebElements:O oxygen chebi_ontology 8O O Sauerstoff oxigeno oxygen oxygene CHEBI:25805 oxygen atom oxygen IUPAC 8O IUPAC O IUPAC Sauerstoff ChEBI oxigeno ChEBI oxygen ChEBI oxygene ChEBI oxygen molecular entity chebi_ontology oxygen molecular entities CHEBI:25806 oxygen molecular entity oxygen molecular entity ChEBI oxygen molecular entities ChEBI chebi_ontology oxopurines CHEBI:25810 oxopurine oxopurines ChEBI Any C5, straight-chain, monounsaturated fatty acid. 0 C5H8O2 100.116 100.05243 pentenoic acid chebi_ontology C5:1 pentenoic acids CHEBI:25897 pentenoic acid pentenoic acid IUPAC C5:1 ChEBI pentenoic acids ChEBI aldopentose phosphate chebi_ontology aldopentose phosphates CHEBI:25900 aldopentose phosphate aldopentose phosphate ChEBI aldopentose phosphates ChEBI A five-carbon monosaccharide which in its linear form contains either an aldehyde group at position 1 (aldopentose) or a ketone group at position 2 (ketopentose). pentose chebi_ontology pentoses CHEBI:25901 pentose pentose ChEBI pentoses ChEBI Compounds of structure ROOR'. 0 O2R2 31.999 31.98983 [*]OO[*] chebi_ontology a peroxide CHEBI:25940 peroxides a peroxide UniProt Strictly, a substance intended to kill pests. In common usage, any substance used for controlling, preventing, or destroying animal, microbiological or plant pests. Wikipedia:Pesticide pesticide chebi_ontology Pestizid Pestizide pesticides CHEBI:25944 pesticide pesticide IUPAC Pestizid ChEBI Pestizide ChEBI pesticides ChEBI An ethanolamine compound having a phenyl (substituted or unsubstituted) group on the carbon bearing the hydroxy substituent. chebi_ontology CHEBI:25990 phenylethanolamines Salts and esters of phosphoric and oligophosphoric acids and their chalcogen analogues. In inorganic chemistry, the term is also used to describe anionic coordination entities with phosphorus as central atom. phosphates chebi_ontology phosphates CHEBI:26020 phosphate phosphates IUPAC phosphates ChEBI A phosphatidylinositol monophosphate carrying the phosphate group at the 3-position. PMID:18927492 chebi_ontology PI(3)P PtdIns3P phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphates CHEBI:26034 phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate PMID:18927492 Europe PMC PI(3)P ChEBI PtdIns3P ChEBI phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphates ChEBI chebi_ontology phosphatidylinositol monophosphates CHEBI:26036 phosphatidylinositol monophosphate phosphatidylinositol monophosphates ChEBI A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom. 0 H3O4P InChI=1S/H3O4P/c1-5(2,3)4/h(H3,1,2,3,4) NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 97.99520 97.97690 [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[H] Beilstein:1921286 CAS:7664-38-2 Drug_Central:4478 Gmelin:2000 HMDB:HMDB0002142 KEGG:C00009 KEGG:D05467 KNApSAcK:C00007408 PMID:11455380 PMID:15630224 PMID:17439666 PMID:17518491 PMID:22282755 PMID:22333268 PMID:22381614 PMID:22401268 Reaxys:1921286 Wikipedia:Phosphoric_Acid Phosphoric acid phosphoric acid tetraoxophosphoric acid trihydrogen tetraoxophosphate(3-) trihydroxidooxidophosphorus chebi_ontology H3PO4 Orthophosphoric acid Phosphate Phosphorsaeure Phosphorsaeureloesungen [PO(OH)3] acide phosphorique acidum phosphoricum orthophosphoric acid CHEBI:26078 phosphoric acid Beilstein:1921286 Beilstein CAS:7664-38-2 ChemIDplus CAS:7664-38-2 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:7664-38-2 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:4478 DrugCentral Gmelin:2000 Gmelin PMID:11455380 Europe PMC PMID:15630224 Europe PMC PMID:17439666 Europe PMC PMID:17518491 Europe PMC PMID:22282755 Europe PMC PMID:22333268 Europe PMC PMID:22381614 Europe PMC PMID:22401268 Europe PMC Reaxys:1921286 Reaxys Phosphoric acid KEGG_COMPOUND phosphoric acid IUPAC tetraoxophosphoric acid IUPAC trihydrogen tetraoxophosphate(3-) IUPAC trihydroxidooxidophosphorus IUPAC H3PO4 IUPAC Orthophosphoric acid KEGG_COMPOUND Phosphate KEGG_COMPOUND Phosphorsaeure ChEBI Phosphorsaeureloesungen ChEBI [PO(OH)3] IUPAC acide phosphorique ChEBI acidum phosphoricum ChEBI orthophosphoric acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook chebi_ontology CHEBI:26079 phosphoric acid derivative chebi_ontology phosphorus molecular entities CHEBI:26082 phosphorus molecular entity phosphorus molecular entities ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:26144 piperazines chebi_ontology CHEBI:26151 piperidines Any amino acid whose side chain is capable of forming one or more hydrogen bonds. 0 C2H4NO2R 74.059 74.02420 OC(C(*)N)=O CHEBI:8283 MetaCyc:Polar-amino-acids PMID:12016058 polar amino acid chebi_ontology polar amino acids polar amino-acid polar amino-acids CHEBI:26167 polar amino acid PMID:12016058 Europe PMC polar amino acid ChEBI polar amino acids ChEBI polar amino-acid ChEBI polar amino-acids ChEBI Natural and synthetic compounds containing alternating carbonyl and methylene groups ('beta-polyketones'), biogenetically derived from repeated condensation of acetyl coenzyme A (via malonyl coenzyme A), and usually the compounds derived from them by further condensations, etc. Considered by many to be synonymous with the less frequently used terms acetogenins and ketides. polyketide chebi_ontology polyketides CHEBI:26188 polyketide polyketide ChEBI polyketides ChEBI A compound that contains two or more hydroxy groups. chebi_ontology polyols CHEBI:26191 polyol polyols ChEBI Natural pigments containing a fundamental skeleton of four pyrrole nuclei united through the alpha-positions by four methine groups to form a macrocyclic structure. Wikipedia:Porphyrin porphyrins chebi_ontology CHEBI:26214 porphyrins porphyrins IUPAC 0 K InChI=1S/K ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 39.09830 38.96371 [K] CAS:7440-09-7 DrugBank:DB01345 KEGG:C00238 WebElements:K potassium chebi_ontology 19K K Kalium kalium potasio potassium CHEBI:26216 potassium atom CAS:7440-09-7 ChemIDplus potassium IUPAC 19K IUPAC K IUPAC Kalium ChemIDplus kalium IUPAC potasio ChEBI potassium ChEBI A ketone that is propane carrying at least one oxo substituent. chebi_ontology CHEBI:26292 propanones A tightly bound, specific nonpolypeptide unit in a protein determining and involved in its biological activity. prosthetic group chebi_ontology groupe prosthetique prosthetic groups CHEBI:26348 prosthetic group prosthetic group IUPAC groupe prosthetique IUPAC prosthetic groups ChEBI chebi_ontology purine alkaloids CHEBI:26385 purine alkaloid purine alkaloids ChEBI A nucleobase whose skeleton is derived from purine. 0 C5H3N4R2 119.104 119.03577 C1(NC(=NC=2NC=NC12)*)=* KEGG:C15587 purine nucleobase chebi_ontology a purine nucleobase purine bases purine nucleobases CHEBI:26386 purine nucleobase purine nucleobase ChEBI a purine nucleobase UniProt purine bases ChEBI purine nucleobases ChEBI chebi_ontology purine nucleoside triphosphates CHEBI:26393 purine nucleoside triphosphate purine nucleoside triphosphates ChEBI purine nucleoside chebi_ontology purine nucleosides CHEBI:26394 purine nucleoside purine nucleoside ChEBI purine nucleosides ChEBI Any nucleotide that has a purine nucleobase. chebi_ontology purine nucleotides CHEBI:26395 purine nucleotide purine nucleotides ChEBI chebi_ontology purine ribonucleoside triphosphates CHEBI:26398 purine ribonucleoside triphosphate purine ribonucleoside triphosphates ChEBI A ribonucleoside that has a purine moiety as the nucleobase (the R group in the illustration). 0 C5H9O4R 133.123 133.05008 *[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O chebi_ontology purine ribonucleosides CHEBI:26399 purine ribonucleoside purine ribonucleosides ChEBI Any ribonucleotide that has a purine nucleobase. chebi_ontology purine ribonucleotides CHEBI:26400 purine ribonucleotide purine ribonucleotides ChEBI A class of imidazopyrimidines that consists of purine and its substituted derivatives. 0 C5N4R7 116.080 116.01230 CHEBI:13678 chebi_ontology CHEBI:26401 purines chebi_ontology pyridine alkaloids CHEBI:26416 pyridine alkaloid pyridine alkaloids ChEBI Any organonitrogen heterocyclic compound based on a pyridine skeleton and its substituted derivatives. chebi_ontology CHEBI:26421 pyridines A nucleobase whose skeleton is derived from pyrimidine. 0 C4HN2R4 77.064 77.01397 N1C(=C(C(=NC1=*)*)*)* pyrimidine nucleobase chebi_ontology a pyrimidine nucleobase pyrimidine bases pyrimidine nucleobases CHEBI:26432 pyrimidine nucleobase pyrimidine nucleobase ChEBI a pyrimidine nucleobase UniProt pyrimidine bases ChEBI pyrimidine nucleobases ChEBI chebi_ontology pyrrolidine alkaloids CHEBI:26456 pyrrolidine alkaloid pyrrolidine alkaloids ChEBI A nitrogen molecular entity that is electronically neutral but which contains a quaternary nitrogen. chebi_ontology CHEBI:26469 quaternary nitrogen compound chebi_ontology quinoline alkaloids CHEBI:26509 quinoline alkaloid quinoline alkaloids ChEBI A class of aromatic heterocyclic compounds each of which contains a benzene ring ortho fused to carbons 2 and 3 of a pyridine ring. chebi_ontology CHEBI:26513 quinolines Molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of phagocytes, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to biopolymers. Wikipedia:Reactive_oxygen_species chebi_ontology ROS CHEBI:26523 reactive oxygen species ROS ChEBI rhamnoside chebi_ontology rhamnosides CHEBI:26547 rhamnoside rhamnoside ChEBI rhamnosides ChEBI chebi_ontology ribonucleotides CHEBI:26561 ribonucleotide ribonucleotides ChEBI ribose phosphate chebi_ontology ribose phosphates CHEBI:26562 ribose phosphate ribose phosphate ChEBI ribose phosphates ChEBI Any fatty acid containing no carbon to carbon multiple bonds. Known to produce adverse biological effects when ingested to excess. PMID:16492686 PMID:19763019 PMID:20237329 saturated fatty acid chebi_ontology SFA SFAs saturated fatty acids CHEBI:26607 saturated fatty acid PMID:16492686 Europe PMC PMID:19763019 Europe PMC PMID:20237329 Europe PMC saturated fatty acid ChEBI SFA ChEBI SFAs ChEBI saturated fatty acids ChEBI An L-alpha-amino acid which is biosynthesised from 3-phosphoglycerate (i.e. serine, glycine, cysteine and homocysteine). A closed class. PMID:20709681 chebi_ontology 3-phosphoglycerate family amino acid 3-phosphoglycerate family amino acids serine family amino acids CHEBI:26650 serine family amino acid PMID:20709681 Europe PMC 3-phosphoglycerate family amino acid ChEBI 3-phosphoglycerate family amino acids ChEBI serine family amino acids ChEBI An aliphatic monocarboxylic acid with a chain length of less than C6. If any non-hydrocarbon substituent is present, the compound is not normally regarded as a short-chain fatty acid. 0 CH2OR 45.017 44.99765 OC([*])=O PMID:16633129 PMID:16870803 PMID:18203540 PMID:20148677 chebi_ontology SCFA SCFAs short-chain fatty acids CHEBI:26666 short-chain fatty acid PMID:16633129 Europe PMC PMID:16870803 Europe PMC PMID:18203540 Europe PMC PMID:20148677 Europe PMC SCFA ChEBI SCFAs ChEBI short-chain fatty acids ChEBI 0 Na InChI=1S/Na KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 22.98977 22.98977 [Na] CAS:7440-23-5 Gmelin:16221 KEGG:C01330 WebElements:Na sodium chebi_ontology 11Na Na Natrium natrium sodio sodium CHEBI:26708 sodium atom CAS:7440-23-5 ChemIDplus Gmelin:16221 Gmelin sodium IUPAC 11Na IUPAC Na IUPAC Natrium ChemIDplus natrium IUPAC sodio ChemIDplus sodium ChEBI An inorganic chloride salt having sodium(1+) as the counterion. 0 ClNa InChI=1S/ClH.Na/h1H;/q;+1/p-1 FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 58.44247 57.95862 [Na+].[Cl-] Beilstein:3534976 CAS:7647-14-5 Gmelin:13673 KEGG:C13563 KEGG:D02056 MetaCyc:NACL PPDB:595 Reaxys:3534976 Wikipedia:Sodium_Chloride sodium chloride chebi_ontology Kochsalz NaCl Natriumchlorid chlorure de sodium cloruro sodico common salt halite natrii chloridum rock salt salt table salt CHEBI:26710 sodium chloride Beilstein:3534976 Beilstein CAS:7647-14-5 ChemIDplus CAS:7647-14-5 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:7647-14-5 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:13673 Gmelin Reaxys:3534976 Reaxys sodium chloride ChEBI sodium chloride IUPAC Kochsalz ChEBI NaCl IUPAC Natriumchlorid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook chlorure de sodium ChEBI cloruro sodico ChEBI common salt ChemIDplus halite NIST_Chemistry_WebBook natrii chloridum ChEBI rock salt ChemIDplus salt ChemIDplus table salt ChemIDplus chebi_ontology sodium compounds sodium molecular entities CHEBI:26712 sodium molecular entity sodium compounds ChEBI sodium molecular entities ChEBI Any alkali metal salt having sodium(1+) as the cation. chebi_ontology Natriumsalz Natriumsalze sodium salts CHEBI:26714 sodium salt Natriumsalz ChEBI Natriumsalze ChEBI sodium salts ChEBI Any steroid that acts as hormone. chebi_ontology Steroidhormon Steroidhormone hormona esteroide hormonas esteroideas hormone steroide hormones steroides steroid hormones CHEBI:26764 steroid hormone Steroidhormon ChEBI Steroidhormone ChEBI hormona esteroide ChEBI hormonas esteroideas ChEBI hormone steroide ChEBI hormones steroides ChEBI steroid hormones ChEBI KEGG:C15507 chebi_ontology steroid lactones CHEBI:26766 steroid lactone steroid lactones ChEBI chebi_ontology carbohydrate phosphates CHEBI:26816 carbohydrate phosphate carbohydrate phosphates ChEBI Any sulfur molecular entity that involves either covalently bonded or anionic sulfur. chebi_ontology sulphides CHEBI:26822 sulfide sulphides ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:26830 sulfonium compound 0 S InChI=1S/S NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 32.06600 31.97207 [S] CAS:7704-34-9 KEGG:C00087 KEGG:D06527 PPDB:605 WebElements:S sulfur chebi_ontology 16S Elemental sulfur S Schwefel azufre soufre sulfur sulphur theion CHEBI:26833 sulfur atom CAS:7704-34-9 ChemIDplus CAS:7704-34-9 NIST Chemistry WebBook sulfur IUPAC 16S IUPAC Elemental sulfur KEGG_COMPOUND S IUPAC S KEGG_COMPOUND Schwefel ChEBI azufre ChEBI soufre ChEBI sulfur ChEBI sulfur UniProt sulphur ChEBI theion IUPAC chebi_ontology sulfur-containing amino acids CHEBI:26834 sulfur-containing amino acid sulfur-containing amino acids ChEBI sulfur molecular entity chebi_ontology sulfur molecular entities CHEBI:26835 sulfur molecular entity sulfur molecular entity ChEBI sulfur molecular entities ChEBI Any isoprenoid that is a natural product or related compound formally derived from isoprene units. Terpenoids may contain oxygen in various functional groups. This class is subdivided according to the number of carbon atoms in the parent terpene. The skeleton of terpenoids may differ from strict additivity of isoprene units by the loss or shift of a fragment, generally a methyl group. Wikipedia:Terpenoid Terpenoid terpenoids chebi_ontology terpenoide terpenoides CHEBI:26873 terpenoid Terpenoid ChEBI terpenoids IUPAC terpenoide IUPAC terpenoides IUPAC A tertiary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has three other carbon atoms attached to it. 0 C4H7OR3 71.09780 71.04969 OC(C[*])(C[*])C[*] tertiary alcohol chebi_ontology tertiary alcohols CHEBI:26878 tertiary alcohol tertiary alcohol ChEBI tertiary alcohols ChEBI Any oxacycle having an oxolane (tetrahydrofuran) skeleton. chebi_ontology CHEBI:26912 oxolanes chebi_ontology tetrahydropyridines CHEBI:26921 tetrahydropyridine tetrahydropyridines ChEBI A natural pigment containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next. tetrapyrrole tetrapyrroles chebi_ontology CHEBI:26932 tetrapyrrole tetrapyrrole IUPAC tetrapyrroles IUPAC KEGG:C01857 ethanethioic acid chebi_ontology Thioessigsaeure CHEBI:26952 thioacetic acid ethanethioic acid IUPAC Thioessigsaeure ChEBI An ester in which one or both oxygens of an ester group have been replaced by divalent sulfur. chebi_ontology thiocarboxylic esters CHEBI:26959 thiocarboxylic ester thiocarboxylic esters ChEBI An organic tricyclic compound in which at least one of the rings of the tricyclic skeleton contains one or more heteroatoms. chebi_ontology heterotricyclic compounds organic heterotricyclic compounds CHEBI:26979 organic heterotricyclic compound heterotricyclic compounds ChEBI organic heterotricyclic compounds ChEBI Poisonous substance produced by a biological organism such as a microbe, animal or plant. Wikipedia:Toxin toxin chebi_ontology toxins CHEBI:27026 toxin toxin IUPAC toxins ChEBI Any nutrient required in small quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions. Wikipedia:Micronutrient chebi_ontology micronutrients trace elements CHEBI:27027 micronutrient micronutrients ChEBI trace elements ChEBI An element whose atom has an incomplete d sub-shell, or which can give rise to cations with an incomplete d sub-shell. transition element chebi_ontology Uebergangselement Uebergangsmetalle metal de transicion metal de transition metales de transicion metaux de transition transition element transition elements transition metal transition metals CHEBI:27081 transition element atom transition element IUPAC Uebergangselement ChEBI Uebergangsmetalle ChEBI metal de transicion ChEBI metal de transition ChEBI metales de transicion ChEBI metaux de transition ChEBI transition element ChEBI transition elements ChEBI transition metal ChEBI transition metals ChEBI chebi_ontology trimethylxanthines CHEBI:27134 trimethylxanthine trimethylxanthines ChEBI A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups. chebi_ontology triols CHEBI:27136 triol triols ChEBI Tryptamine and its substitution derivatives. chebi_ontology CHEBI:27162 tryptamines chebi_ontology heterobicyclic compounds organic heterobicyclic compounds CHEBI:27171 organic heterobicyclic compound heterobicyclic compounds ChEBI organic heterobicyclic compounds ChEBI Aralkylamino compounds which contain a tyramine skeleton. chebi_ontology CHEBI:27175 tyramines A univalent carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid. chebi_ontology univalent acyl group univalent carboacyl groups univalent carboxylic acyl groups CHEBI:27207 univalent carboacyl group univalent acyl group ChEBI univalent carboacyl groups ChEBI univalent carboxylic acyl groups ChEBI Any fatty acid containing at least one C=C or C#C bond. LIPID_MAPS_class:LMFA0103 PMID:5322381 chebi_ontology alkene acid olefinic acid unsaturated fatty acids CHEBI:27208 unsaturated fatty acid LIPID_MAPS_class:LMFA0103 LIPID MAPS PMID:5322381 Europe PMC alkene acid ChEBI olefinic acid ChEBI unsaturated fatty acids ChEBI unsaturated fatty acids LIPID_MAPS 0 Zn InChI=1S/Zn HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 65.39000 63.92914 [Zn] CAS:7440-66-6 Gmelin:16321 KEGG:C00038 PDBeChem:ZN WebElements:Zn zinc chebi_ontology 30Zn Zink Zn Zn(II) Zn2+ cinc zinc zincum CHEBI:27363 zinc atom CAS:7440-66-6 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-66-6 KEGG COMPOUND Gmelin:16321 Gmelin zinc IUPAC 30Zn IUPAC Zink ChEBI Zn IUPAC Zn(II) KEGG_COMPOUND Zn2+ KEGG_COMPOUND cinc ChEBI zinc ChEBI zincum ChEBI chebi_ontology zinc compounds zinc molecular entities CHEBI:27364 zinc molecular entity zinc compounds ChEBI zinc molecular entities ChEBI A neutral compound having formal unit electrical charges of opposite sign on non-adjacent atoms. Sometimes referred to as inner salts, dipolar ions (a misnomer). zwitterion zwitterions chebi_ontology compose zwitterionique compuestos zwitterionicos zwitteriones zwitterionic compounds CHEBI:27369 zwitterion zwitterion IUPAC zwitterions IUPAC compose zwitterionique IUPAC compuestos zwitterionicos IUPAC zwitteriones IUPAC zwitterionic compounds IUPAC An alkanesulfonic acid in which the alkyl group directly linked to the sulfo functionality is methyl. 0 CH4O3S InChI=1S/CH4O3S/c1-5(2,3)4/h1H3,(H,2,3,4) AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 96.10666 95.98812 CS(O)(=O)=O CHEBI:6813 Beilstein:1446024 CAS:75-75-2 Gmelin:1681 KEGG:C11145 MetaCyc:CPD-3746 PMID:24304088 PMID:24593036 Reaxys:1446024 Wikipedia:Methanesulfonic_acid Methanesulfonic acid methanesulfonic acid chebi_ontology Methansulfonsaeure methylsulfonic acid CHEBI:27376 methanesulfonic acid Beilstein:1446024 Beilstein CAS:75-75-2 ChemIDplus CAS:75-75-2 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:75-75-2 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:1681 Gmelin PMID:24304088 Europe PMC PMID:24593036 Europe PMC Reaxys:1446024 Reaxys Methanesulfonic acid KEGG_COMPOUND methanesulfonic acid IUPAC Methansulfonsaeure ChEBI methylsulfonic acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook 0 As InChI=1S/As RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 74.92160 74.92159 [As] CHEBI:22630 CHEBI:2845 CAS:7440-38-2 KEGG:C06269 WebElements:As arsenic chebi_ontology 33As Arsen Arsenic As arsenic arsenico arsenicum CHEBI:27563 arsenic atom CAS:7440-38-2 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-38-2 KEGG COMPOUND arsenic IUPAC 33As IUPAC Arsen ChemIDplus Arsenic KEGG_COMPOUND As KEGG_COMPOUND arsenic ChEBI arsenico ChEBI arsenicum ChEBI 0 C InChI=1S/C OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12.01070 12.00000 [C] CHEBI:23009 CHEBI:3399 CAS:7440-44-0 KEGG:C06265 WebElements:C carbon chebi_ontology 6C C Carbon Kohlenstoff carbon carbone carbonium carbono CHEBI:27594 carbon atom CAS:7440-44-0 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-44-0 KEGG COMPOUND carbon IUPAC 6C IUPAC C IUPAC C KEGG_COMPOUND Carbon KEGG_COMPOUND Kohlenstoff ChEBI carbon ChEBI carbone ChEBI carbonium ChEBI carbono ChEBI A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27. 0 Co InChI=1S/Co GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 58.93320 58.93319 [Co] CHEBI:23335 CHEBI:3788 CAS:7440-48-4 KEGG:C00175 KEGG:C19171 PDBeChem:3CO WebElements:Co cobalt chebi_ontology 27Co Co Cobalt Kobalt cobalt cobalto cobaltum CHEBI:27638 cobalt atom CAS:7440-48-4 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-48-4 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:7440-48-4 NIST Chemistry WebBook cobalt IUPAC 27Co IUPAC Co IUPAC Cobalt KEGG_COMPOUND Kobalt NIST_Chemistry_WebBook cobalt ChEBI cobalto ChEBI cobaltum ChEBI CHEBI:1330 CHEBI:19832 chebi_ontology CHEBI:27682 3',5'-cyclic dGMP A trimethylxanthine in which the three methyl groups are located at positions 1, 3, and 7. A purine alkaloid that occurs naturally in tea and coffee. 0 C8H10N4O2 InChI=1S/C8H10N4O2/c1-10-4-9-6-5(10)7(13)12(3)8(14)11(6)2/h4H,1-3H3 RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 194.19076 194.08038 Cn1cnc2n(C)c(=O)n(C)c(=O)c12 CHEBI:22982 CHEBI:3295 CHEBI:41472 Beilstein:17705 CAS:58-08-2 DrugBank:DB00201 Drug_Central:463 Gmelin:103040 HMDB:HMDB0001847 KEGG:C07481 KEGG:D00528 KNApSAcK:C00001492 LINCS:LSM-2026 MetaCyc:1-3-7-TRIMETHYLXANTHINE PDBeChem:CFF PMID:10510174 PMID:10796597 PMID:10803761 PMID:10822912 PMID:10884512 PMID:10924888 PMID:10983026 PMID:11014293 PMID:11022879 PMID:11209966 PMID:11312039 PMID:11410911 PMID:11431501 PMID:11815511 PMID:11949272 PMID:12397877 PMID:12457274 PMID:12574990 PMID:12915014 PMID:12943586 PMID:14521986 PMID:14607010 PMID:15257305 PMID:15280431 PMID:15681408 PMID:15718055 PMID:15840517 PMID:16143823 PMID:16391865 PMID:16528931 PMID:16644114 PMID:16709440 PMID:16805851 PMID:16856769 PMID:17132260 PMID:17387608 PMID:17508167 PMID:17724925 PMID:17932622 PMID:17957400 PMID:18068204 PMID:18258404 PMID:18421070 PMID:18625110 PMID:18647558 PMID:19007524 PMID:19047957 PMID:19084078 PMID:19088793 PMID:19418355 PMID:19879252 PMID:20164568 PMID:20470411 PMID:22770225 PMID:7441110 PMID:7689104 PMID:8332255 PMID:8347173 PMID:8679661 PMID:9063686 PMID:9067318 PMID:9132918 PMID:9218278 Reaxys:17705 Wikipedia:Caffeine 1,3,7-trimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione CAFFEINE Caffeine caffeine chebi_ontology 1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine 1,3,7-trimethyl-2,6-dioxopurine 1,3,7-trimethylpurine-2,6-dione 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine 1-methyltheobromine 3,7-Dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purin-2,6-dion 7-methyltheophylline Coffein Koffein Thein anhydrous caffeine cafeina cafeine guaranine mateina methyltheobromine teina theine CHEBI:27732 caffeine Beilstein:17705 Beilstein CAS:58-08-2 ChemIDplus CAS:58-08-2 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:58-08-2 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:463 DrugCentral Gmelin:103040 Gmelin PMID:10510174 Europe PMC PMID:10796597 Europe PMC PMID:10803761 Europe PMC PMID:10822912 Europe PMC PMID:10884512 Europe PMC PMID:10924888 Europe PMC PMID:10983026 Europe PMC PMID:11014293 Europe PMC PMID:11022879 Europe PMC PMID:11209966 Europe PMC PMID:11312039 Europe PMC PMID:11410911 Europe PMC PMID:11431501 Europe PMC PMID:11815511 Europe PMC PMID:11949272 Europe PMC PMID:12397877 Europe PMC PMID:12457274 Europe PMC PMID:12574990 Europe PMC PMID:12915014 Europe PMC PMID:12943586 Europe PMC PMID:14521986 Europe PMC PMID:14607010 Europe PMC PMID:15257305 Europe PMC PMID:15280431 Europe PMC PMID:15681408 Europe PMC PMID:15718055 Europe PMC PMID:15840517 Europe PMC PMID:16143823 Europe PMC PMID:16391865 Europe PMC PMID:16528931 Europe PMC PMID:16644114 Europe PMC PMID:16709440 Europe PMC PMID:16805851 Europe PMC PMID:16856769 Europe PMC PMID:17132260 Europe PMC PMID:17387608 Europe PMC PMID:17508167 Europe PMC PMID:17724925 Europe PMC PMID:17932622 Europe PMC PMID:17957400 Europe PMC PMID:18068204 Europe PMC PMID:18258404 Europe PMC PMID:18421070 Europe PMC PMID:18625110 Europe PMC PMID:18647558 Europe PMC PMID:19007524 Europe PMC PMID:19047957 Europe PMC PMID:19084078 Europe PMC PMID:19088793 Europe PMC PMID:19418355 Europe PMC PMID:19879252 Europe PMC PMID:20164568 Europe PMC PMID:20470411 Europe PMC PMID:22770225 Europe PMC PMID:7441110 Europe PMC PMID:7689104 Europe PMC PMID:8332255 Europe PMC PMID:8347173 Europe PMC PMID:8679661 Europe PMC PMID:9063686 Europe PMC PMID:9067318 Europe PMC PMID:9132918 Europe PMC PMID:9218278 Europe PMC Reaxys:17705 Reaxys 1,3,7-trimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione IUPAC CAFFEINE PDBeChem Caffeine KEGG_COMPOUND caffeine UniProt 1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine KEGG_COMPOUND 1,3,7-trimethyl-2,6-dioxopurine ChemIDplus 1,3,7-trimethylpurine-2,6-dione IUPHAR 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook 1-methyltheobromine ChemIDplus 3,7-Dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purin-2,6-dion NIST_Chemistry_WebBook 7-methyltheophylline NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Coffein ChemIDplus Koffein ChemIDplus Thein ChemIDplus anhydrous caffeine KEGG_DRUG cafeina ChemIDplus cafeine ChEBI guaranine IUPHAR mateina ChemIDplus methyltheobromine IUPHAR teina ChEBI theine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook A surfactant (or a mixture containing one or more surfactants) having cleaning properties in dilute solutions. CHEBI:23648 CHEBI:4456 KEGG:C01689 detergent chebi_ontology Detergents CHEBI:27780 detergent detergent IUPAC Detergents KEGG_COMPOUND 0 C6H11O5R 163.14850 163.06065 C[C@@H]1O[C@@H](O[*])[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O CHEBI:10294 CHEBI:22426 KEGG:C02757 6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranoside alpha-L-Rhamnoside chebi_ontology alpha-L-rhamnosides CHEBI:27848 alpha-L-rhamnoside 6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranoside IUPAC alpha-L-Rhamnoside KEGG_COMPOUND alpha-L-rhamnosides ChEBI 0 C22H25NO6 InChI=1S/C22H25NO6/c1-12(24)23-16-8-6-13-10-19(27-3)21(28-4)22(29-5)20(13)14-7-9-18(26-2)17(25)11-15(14)16/h7,9-11,16H,6,8H2,1-5H3,(H,23,24)/t16-/m0/s1 IAKHMKGGTNLKSZ-INIZCTEOSA-N 399.43700 399.16819 COc1cc2CC[C@H](NC(C)=O)c3cc(=O)c(OC)ccc3-c2c(OC)c1OC CHEBI:3811 Beilstein:2228813 CAS:64-86-8 DrugBank:DB01394 Drug_Central:726 KEGG:C07592 KEGG:D00570 KNApSAcK:C00002327 LINCS:LSM-5199 PDBeChem:LOC Wikipedia:Colchicine N-[(7S)-1,2,3,10-tetramethoxy-9-oxo-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrobenzo[a]heptalen-7-yl]acetamide chebi_ontology (S)-N-(5,6,7,9-tetrahydro-1,2,3,10-tetramethoxy-9-oxobenzo[a]heptalen-7-yl)acetamide 7alphaH-colchicine Colchicin Colchicine colchicina colchicinum CHEBI:27882 (S)-colchicine Beilstein:2228813 Beilstein CAS:64-86-8 ChemIDplus CAS:64-86-8 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:64-86-8 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:726 DrugCentral N-[(7S)-1,2,3,10-tetramethoxy-9-oxo-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrobenzo[a]heptalen-7-yl]acetamide IUPAC (S)-N-(5,6,7,9-tetrahydro-1,2,3,10-tetramethoxy-9-oxobenzo[a]heptalen-7-yl)acetamide NIST_Chemistry_WebBook 7alphaH-colchicine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Colchicin ChemIDplus Colchicine KEGG_COMPOUND colchicina DrugBank colchicinum DrugBank 0 CHNO InChI=1S/CHNO/c2-1-3/h3H XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 43.02478 43.00581 OC#N CHEBI:23422 CHEBI:3968 Beilstein:1732479 CAS:420-05-3 CAS:71000-82-3 Gmelin:839 KEGG:C01417 Cyanic acid hydrogen nitridooxocarbonate hydroxidonitridocarbon nitridooxocarbonic acid chebi_ontology Cyansaeure HOCN Zyansaeure [C(N)OH] CHEBI:28024 cyanic acid Beilstein:1732479 Beilstein CAS:420-05-3 ChemIDplus CAS:420-05-3 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:420-05-3 NIST Chemistry WebBook CAS:71000-82-3 KEGG COMPOUND Gmelin:839 Gmelin Cyanic acid KEGG_COMPOUND hydrogen nitridooxocarbonate IUPAC hydroxidonitridocarbon IUPAC nitridooxocarbonic acid IUPAC Cyansaeure ChEBI HOCN IUPAC Zyansaeure ChEBI [C(N)OH] IUPAC A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues. CHEBI:24379 CHEBI:5466 CAS:9005-79-2 KEGG:C00182 Glycogen chebi_ontology animal starch liver starch CHEBI:28087 glycogen CAS:9005-79-2 ChemIDplus CAS:9005-79-2 KEGG COMPOUND Glycogen KEGG_COMPOUND animal starch ChemIDplus liver starch ChemIDplus Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28. 0 Ni InChI=1S/Ni PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 58.69340 57.93534 [Ni] CHEBI:25515 CHEBI:7552 CAS:7440-02-0 Gmelin:16229 KEGG:C00291 PMID:12756270 PMID:14634084 PMID:14734778 PMID:15165199 PMID:19828094 PMID:20477134 PMID:22762130 PMID:23142754 PMID:23317102 PMID:23692032 PMID:23692035 PMID:23723488 PMID:23834453 PMID:23857010 PMID:23895079 PMID:23909687 PMID:9060994 PMID:9886425 Reaxys:4122946 WebElements:Ni Wikipedia:Nickel nickel chebi_ontology 28Ni Ni Nickel Raney alloy niccolum nickel niquel CHEBI:28112 nickel atom CAS:7440-02-0 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-02-0 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:7440-02-0 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:16229 Gmelin PMID:12756270 Europe PMC PMID:14634084 Europe PMC PMID:14734778 Europe PMC PMID:15165199 Europe PMC PMID:19828094 Europe PMC PMID:20477134 Europe PMC PMID:22762130 Europe PMC PMID:23142754 Europe PMC PMID:23317102 Europe PMC PMID:23692032 Europe PMC PMID:23692035 Europe PMC PMID:23723488 Europe PMC PMID:23834453 Europe PMC PMID:23857010 Europe PMC PMID:23895079 Europe PMC PMID:23909687 Europe PMC PMID:9060994 Europe PMC PMID:9886425 Europe PMC Reaxys:4122946 Reaxys nickel IUPAC 28Ni IUPAC Ni IUPAC Nickel ChEBI Raney alloy ChemIDplus niccolum ChEBI nickel ChEBI niquel ChEBI A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine with a methyl group at position 1, and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3. An alkaloid found in the areca nut, it acts as an agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine. 0 C8H13NO2 InChI=1S/C8H13NO2/c1-9-5-3-4-7(6-9)8(10)11-2/h4H,3,5-6H2,1-2H3 HJJPJSXJAXAIPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 155.19430 155.09463 COC(=O)C1=CCCN(C)C1 CAS:63-75-2 DrugBank:DB04365 HMDB:HMDB0030353 KEGG:C10129 KNApSAcK:C00002020 LINCS:LSM-15214 PMID:21809341 PMID:22493525 PMID:23525646 PMID:23895157 Patent:CN101411705 Patent:CN102464607 Patent:US2506458 Reaxys:123045 Wikipedia:Arecoline methyl 1-methyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carboxylate chebi_ontology arecaidine methyl ester arecaline arecholine arekolin methylarecaiden methylarecaidin CHEBI:2814 arecoline CAS:63-75-2 ChemIDplus CAS:63-75-2 KEGG COMPOUND PMID:21809341 Europe PMC PMID:22493525 Europe PMC PMID:23525646 Europe PMC PMID:23895157 Europe PMC Reaxys:123045 Reaxys methyl 1-methyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carboxylate IUPAC arecaidine methyl ester ChEBI arecaline ChEBI arecholine ChEBI arekolin ChEBI methylarecaiden ChEBI methylarecaidin ChEBI An aldohexose that is the C-4 epimer of glucose. 0 C6H12O6 180.156 180.06339 CHEBI:24162 CHEBI:33933 CHEBI:5256 CAS:26566-61-0 KEGG:C01582 Wikipedia:Galactose Galactose galacto-hexose galactose chebi_ontology Gal Galaktose CHEBI:28260 galactose CAS:26566-61-0 ChemIDplus CAS:26566-61-0 NIST Chemistry WebBook Galactose KEGG_COMPOUND galacto-hexose IUPAC galactose IUPAC Gal JCBN Galaktose ChEBI A one-carbon compound that is ammonia in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a carboxy group. Although carbamic acid derivatives are common, carbamic acid itself has never been synthesised. 0 CH3NO2 InChI=1S/CH3NO2/c2-1(3)4/h2H2,(H,3,4) KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 61.04006 61.01638 NC(O)=O CHEBI:22504 CHEBI:23002 CHEBI:3386 CHEBI:44573 Beilstein:1734754 CAS:463-77-4 DrugBank:DB04261 Gmelin:130345 KEGG:C01563 PDBeChem:OUT Wikipedia:Carbamic_acid CARBAMIC ACID Carbamic acid carbamic acid chebi_ontology Aminoameisensaeure Aminoformic acid Carbamate Carbamidsaeure CHEBI:28616 carbamic acid Beilstein:1734754 Beilstein CAS:463-77-4 ChemIDplus CAS:463-77-4 KEGG COMPOUND Gmelin:130345 Gmelin CARBAMIC ACID PDBeChem Carbamic acid KEGG_COMPOUND carbamic acid IUPAC Aminoameisensaeure ChEBI Aminoformic acid KEGG_COMPOUND Carbamate KEGG_COMPOUND Carbamidsaeure ChEBI 0 P InChI=1S/P OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 30.97376 30.97376 [P] CHEBI:26080 CHEBI:8168 CAS:7723-14-0 Gmelin:16235 KEGG:C06262 WebElements:P phosphorus chebi_ontology 15P P Phosphor Phosphorus fosforo phosphore phosphorus CHEBI:28659 phosphorus atom CAS:7723-14-0 ChemIDplus CAS:7723-14-0 KEGG COMPOUND Gmelin:16235 Gmelin phosphorus IUPAC 15P IUPAC P IUPAC P KEGG_COMPOUND Phosphor ChEBI Phosphorus KEGG_COMPOUND fosforo ChEBI phosphore ChEBI phosphorus ChEBI 0 Cu InChI=1S/Cu RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 63.54600 62.92960 [Cu] CHEBI:23376 CHEBI:3874 CAS:7440-50-8 Gmelin:16269 KEGG:C00070 WebElements:Cu copper chebi_ontology 29Cu Copper Cu Kupfer cobre copper cuivre cuprum CHEBI:28694 copper atom CAS:7440-50-8 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-50-8 KEGG COMPOUND Gmelin:16269 Gmelin copper IUPAC 29Cu IUPAC Copper KEGG_COMPOUND Cu ChEBI Cu IUPAC Kupfer ChEBI cobre ChEBI copper ChEBI cuivre ChEBI cuprum IUPAC Any member of the phosphoinositide family of compounds, of which seven occur naturally. CHEBI:26037 CHEBI:26038 CHEBI:8135 PMID:16441841 PMID:2538726 chebi_ontology phosphatidylinositol phosphates CHEBI:28765 phosphatidylinositol phosphate PMID:16441841 Europe PMC PMID:2538726 Europe PMC phosphatidylinositol phosphates ChEBI A primary amino compound that is the 5-hydroxy derivative of tryptamine. 0 C10H12N2O InChI=1S/C10H12N2O/c11-4-3-7-6-12-10-2-1-8(13)5-9(7)10/h1-2,5-6,12-13H,3-4,11H2 QZAYGJVTTNCVMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 176.215 176.09496 C1=CC(=CC=2C(=CNC12)CCN)O CHEBI:1420 CHEBI:26652 CHEBI:49894 Beilstein:143524 CAS:50-67-9 Gmelin:1861995 HMDB:HMDB0000259 KEGG:C00780 KNApSAcK:C00001429 LINCS:LSM-6589 MetaCyc:SEROTONIN PDBeChem:SRO PMID:18593914 PMID:22770225 PMID:24136337 Reaxys:143524 Wikipedia:Serotonin 3-(2-aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol SEROTONIN Serotonin chebi_ontology 3-(2-Aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol 5-HT 5-Hydroxytryptamine Enteramine serotonine thrombocytin thrombotonin CHEBI:28790 serotonin Beilstein:143524 Beilstein CAS:50-67-9 ChemIDplus CAS:50-67-9 KEGG COMPOUND Gmelin:1861995 Gmelin PMID:18593914 Europe PMC PMID:22770225 Europe PMC PMID:24136337 Europe PMC Reaxys:143524 Reaxys 3-(2-aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol IUPAC SEROTONIN PDBeChem Serotonin KEGG_COMPOUND 3-(2-Aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol KEGG_COMPOUND 5-HT IUPHAR 5-Hydroxytryptamine KEGG_COMPOUND Enteramine KEGG_COMPOUND serotonine ChEBI thrombocytin ChemIDplus thrombotonin ChemIDplus The conjugate base of a fatty acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group of the corresponding fatty acid. -1 CO2R 44.00950 43.98983 [O-]C([*])=O CHEBI:13634 CHEBI:24022 CHEBI:4985 KEGG:C02403 PMID:18628202 Fatty acid anion chebi_ontology Alkanate Fettsaeureanion Fettsaeureanionen a fatty acid acido graso anionico acidos grasos anionicos anion de l'acide gras fatty acid anions CHEBI:28868 fatty acid anion PMID:18628202 Europe PMC Fatty acid anion KEGG_COMPOUND Alkanate KEGG_COMPOUND Fettsaeureanion ChEBI Fettsaeureanionen ChEBI a fatty acid UniProt acido graso anionico ChEBI acidos grasos anionicos ChEBI anion de l'acide gras ChEBI fatty acid anions ChEBI Any glycerophosphoinositol having one phosphatidyl group esterified to one of the hydroxy groups of inositol. CHEBI:18877 CHEBI:494 DrugBank:DB02144 PMID:15634688 PMID:15967713 PMID:17417879 PMID:18189424 PMID:19456874 PMID:23015060 PMID:23118092 Wikipedia:Phosphatidylinositol chebi_ontology PI PtdIns phosphatidylinositols CHEBI:28874 phosphatidylinositol PMID:15634688 Europe PMC PMID:15967713 Europe PMC PMID:17417879 Europe PMC PMID:18189424 Europe PMC PMID:19456874 Europe PMC PMID:23015060 Europe PMC PMID:23118092 Europe PMC PI ChEBI PtdIns ChEBI phosphatidylinositols ChEBI An onium cation obtained by protonation of ammonia. +1 H4N InChI=1S/H3N/h1H3/p+1 QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 18.03850 18.03383 [H][N+]([H])([H])[H] CHEBI:22534 CHEBI:49783 CHEBI:7435 CAS:14798-03-9 Gmelin:84 KEGG:C01342 MetaCyc:AMMONIUM MolBase:929 PDBeChem:NH4 PMID:11319011 PMID:11341317 PMID:12096804 PMID:14512268 PMID:14879753 PMID:16345391 PMID:16903292 PMID:17392693 PMID:18515490 PMID:19199063 PMID:19596600 PMID:19682559 PMID:19716251 PMID:21993530 PMID:22265469 PMID:22524020 PMID:22562341 PMID:22631217 Reaxys:16093784 Wikipedia:Ammonium ammonium azanium chebi_ontology Ammonium(1+) NH4(+) NH4+ [NH4](+) ammonium ion CHEBI:28938 ammonium CAS:14798-03-9 ChemIDplus CAS:14798-03-9 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:84 Gmelin PMID:11319011 Europe PMC PMID:11341317 Europe PMC PMID:12096804 Europe PMC PMID:14512268 Europe PMC PMID:14879753 Europe PMC PMID:16345391 Europe PMC PMID:16903292 Europe PMC PMID:17392693 Europe PMC PMID:18515490 Europe PMC PMID:19199063 Europe PMC PMID:19596600 Europe PMC PMID:19682559 Europe PMC PMID:19716251 Europe PMC PMID:21993530 Europe PMC PMID:22265469 Europe PMC PMID:22524020 Europe PMC PMID:22562341 Europe PMC PMID:22631217 Europe PMC Reaxys:16093784 Reaxys ammonium ChEBI ammonium IUPAC azanium IUPAC Ammonium(1+) ChemIDplus NH4(+) IUPAC NH4(+) UniProt NH4+ KEGG_COMPOUND [NH4](+) MolBase ammonium ion PDBeChem 0 CH2O3 InChI=1S/CH2O3/c2-1(3)4/h(H2,2,3,4) BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 62.02478 62.00039 OC(O)=O CHEBI:13351 CHEBI:23017 CHEBI:23744 CHEBI:3401 CAS:463-79-6 Gmelin:25554 KEGG:C01353 PDBeChem:CO3 Carbonic acid carbonic acid dihydroxidooxidocarbon chebi_ontology Dihydrogen carbonate H2CO3 Koehlensaeure [CO(OH)2] CHEBI:28976 carbonic acid CAS:463-79-6 ChemIDplus CAS:463-79-6 KEGG COMPOUND Gmelin:25554 Gmelin Carbonic acid KEGG_COMPOUND carbonic acid IUPAC dihydroxidooxidocarbon IUPAC Dihydrogen carbonate KEGG_COMPOUND H2CO3 IUPAC H2CO3 KEGG_COMPOUND Koehlensaeure ChEBI [CO(OH)2] IUPAC The conjugate base formed when the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid is deprotonated. -1 CO2R 44.00950 43.98983 [O-]C([*])=O CHEBI:13626 CHEBI:13945 CHEBI:23026 CHEBI:58657 chebi_ontology a carboxylate carboxylic acid anions carboxylic anions CHEBI:29067 carboxylic acid anion a carboxylate UniProt carboxylic acid anions ChEBI carboxylic anions ChEBI 0 C5H10O7PR 213.103 213.01641 CHEBI:14616 CHEBI:25404 CHEBI:6983 KEGG:C02171 Mononucleotide chebi_ontology mononucleotides CHEBI:29075 mononucleotide Mononucleotide KEGG_COMPOUND mononucleotides ChEBI A monoatomic monocation obtained from sodium. +1 Na InChI=1S/Na/q+1 FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 22.98977 22.98922 [Na+] CHEBI:26717 CHEBI:49766 CHEBI:9175 CAS:17341-25-2 Gmelin:15196 KEGG:C01330 PDBeChem:NA sodium cation sodium(1+) sodium(1+) ion sodium(I) cation chebi_ontology Na(+) Na+ SODIUM ION CHEBI:29101 sodium(1+) CAS:17341-25-2 ChemIDplus CAS:17341-25-2 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:15196 Gmelin sodium cation IUPAC sodium(1+) IUPAC sodium(1+) ion IUPAC sodium(I) cation IUPAC Na(+) IUPAC Na(+) UniProt Na+ KEGG_COMPOUND SODIUM ION PDBeChem -1 HO2 InChI=1S/H2O2/c1-2/h1-2H/p-1 MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 33.00674 32.99820 [H]O[O-] CAS:14691-59-9 Gmelin:507 dioxidanide hydrogen(peroxide)(1-) hydrogendioxide(1-) hydrogenperoxide(1-) chebi_ontology HO2(-) HOO anion HOO(-) [HO2](-) CHEBI:29192 hydrogenperoxide(1-) CAS:14691-59-9 ChemIDplus CAS:14691-59-9 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:507 Gmelin dioxidanide IUPAC hydrogen(peroxide)(1-) IUPAC hydrogendioxide(1-) IUPAC hydrogenperoxide(1-) IUPAC HO2(-) IUPAC HOO anion NIST_Chemistry_WebBook HOO(-) ChEBI [HO2](-) ChEBI -1 CNO InChI=1S/CHNO/c2-1-3/h3H/p-1 XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 42.01684 41.99854 [O-]C#N CHEBI:14037 CHEBI:23419 CAS:661-20-1 CAS:71000-82-3 KEGG:C01417 UM-BBD_compID:c0568 cyanate nitridooxidocarbonate(1-) chebi_ontology Cyanat OCN(-) Zyanat [C(N)O](-) cyanate ion CHEBI:29195 cyanate CAS:661-20-1 UM-BBD CAS:71000-82-3 ChemIDplus CAS:71000-82-3 KEGG COMPOUND UM-BBD_compID:c0568 UM-BBD cyanate IUPAC cyanate UniProt nitridooxidocarbonate(1-) IUPAC Cyanat ChEBI OCN(-) IUPAC Zyanat ChEBI [C(N)O](-) IUPAC cyanate ion ChemIDplus A colourless, volatile, poisonous inorganic compound with the formula HNCO; the simplest stable chemical compound that contains carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, the four most commonly-found elements in organic chemistry and biology. 0 CHNO InChI=1S/CHNO/c2-1-3/h2H OWIKHYCFFJSOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 43.02478 43.00581 N=C=O Beilstein:1616281 CAS:75-13-8 Gmelin:840 PMID:19494520 PMID:26124058 PMID:26760716 PMID:977566 Reaxys:1616281 isocyanic acid chebi_ontology HN=C=O HNCO ICA [C(NH)O] carbimide hydrogen isocyanate isocyanate isocyansaeure isozyansaeure methenamide oxidoazanediidocarbon CHEBI:29202 isocyanic acid Beilstein:1616281 Beilstein CAS:75-13-8 ChemIDplus CAS:75-13-8 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:840 Gmelin PMID:19494520 Europe PMC PMID:26124058 Europe PMC PMID:26760716 Europe PMC PMID:977566 Europe PMC Reaxys:1616281 Reaxys isocyanic acid IUPAC HN=C=O NIST_Chemistry_WebBook HNCO IUPAC ICA ChEBI [C(NH)O] IUPAC carbimide ChEBI hydrogen isocyanate NIST_Chemistry_WebBook isocyanate UniProt isocyansaeure ChEBI isozyansaeure ChEBI methenamide ChEBI oxidoazanediidocarbon IUPAC 0 H2O3S InChI=1S/H2O3S/c1-4(2)3/h4H,(H,1,2,3) BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 82.08008 81.97247 [H]S(O)(=O)=O Gmelin:1404640 hydridohydroxidodioxidosulfur sulfonic acid chebi_ontology HSHO3 Sulfonsaeure [SHO2(OH)] acide sulfonique sulphonic acid CHEBI:29214 sulfonic acid Gmelin:1404640 Gmelin hydridohydroxidodioxidosulfur IUPAC sulfonic acid IUPAC HSHO3 IUPAC Sulfonsaeure ChEBI [SHO2(OH)] IUPAC acide sulfonique ChEBI sulphonic acid ChEBI -1 ClO InChI=1S/ClO/c1-2/q-1 WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 51.45210 50.96432 [O-]Cl CAS:14380-61-1 Gmelin:682 Wikipedia:Hypochlorite hypochlorite oxidochlorate(1-) chebi_ontology ClO(-) Hypochlorit [ClO](-) CHEBI:29222 hypochlorite CAS:14380-61-1 ChemIDplus Gmelin:682 Gmelin hypochlorite IUPAC oxidochlorate(1-) IUPAC ClO(-) IUPAC Hypochlorit ChEBI [ClO](-) IUPAC A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and fluorine atoms. 0 FH InChI=1S/FH/h1H KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20.00634 20.00623 F[H] CAS:7664-39-3 Drug_Central:4499 Gmelin:166 KEGG:C16487 Hydrogen fluoride fluorane fluoridohydrogen hydrogen fluoride chebi_ontology Fluoride Fluorwasserstoff HF Hydrogenfluorid [HF] fluorure d'hydrogene hydrofluoric acid CHEBI:29228 hydrogen fluoride CAS:7664-39-3 ChemIDplus CAS:7664-39-3 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:7664-39-3 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:4499 DrugCentral Gmelin:166 Gmelin Hydrogen fluoride KEGG_COMPOUND fluorane IUPAC fluoridohydrogen IUPAC hydrogen fluoride IUPAC Fluoride KEGG_COMPOUND Fluorwasserstoff ChEBI HF IUPAC Hydrogenfluorid ChEBI [HF] IUPAC fluorure d'hydrogene ChEBI hydrofluoric acid ChemIDplus An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety. 0 HSR 33.07300 32.97990 S[*] CHEBI:13443 CHEBI:13696 CHEBI:17366 CHEBI:26969 CHEBI:8766 CHEBI:9556 KEGG:C00145 Wikipedia:Thiol Thiol thiols chebi_ontology Mercaptan Merkaptan RSH a thiol mercaptans thiols CHEBI:29256 thiol Thiol KEGG_COMPOUND thiols IUPAC Mercaptan KEGG_COMPOUND Merkaptan ChEBI RSH IUPAC a thiol UniProt mercaptans ChEBI thiols ChEBI -1 H2N InChI=1S/H2N/h1H2/q-1 HYGWNUKOUCZBND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 16.02262 16.01927 [H][N-][H] amide azanide dihydridonitrate(1-) chebi_ontology NH2(-) CHEBI:29337 azanide amide IUPAC azanide IUPAC dihydridonitrate(1-) IUPAC NH2(-) IUPAC A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of two protons from ammonia. -2 HN InChI=1S/HN/h1H/q-2 DZQYTNGKSBCIOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 15.01468 15.01200 [N--][H] azanediide hydridonitrate(2-) chebi_ontology NH(2-) imide CHEBI:29340 hydridonitrate(2-) azanediide IUPAC hydridonitrate(2-) IUPAC NH(2-) IUPAC imide IUPAC A carboxamide derived from a monocarboxylic acid. 0 CNOR3 42.01680 41.99799 [*]N([*])C([*])=O CHEBI:13211 CHEBI:22207 CHEBI:25383 CHEBI:6977 chebi_ontology monocarboxylic acid amides CHEBI:29347 monocarboxylic acid amide monocarboxylic acid amides ChEBI -2 CH2 InChI=1S/CH2/h1H2/q-2 PZPOWPOFQLSNJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 14.02658 14.01675 [H][C--][H] Beilstein:5915711 Gmelin:322698 dihydridocarbonate(2-) methanediide chebi_ontology CH2(2-) [CH2](2-) CHEBI:29360 methanediide Beilstein:5915711 Beilstein Gmelin:322698 Gmelin dihydridocarbonate(2-) IUPAC methanediide IUPAC CH2(2-) IUPAC [CH2](2-) ChEBI 0 O2 31.99880 31.98983 peroxy chebi_ontology -OO- CHEBI:29369 peroxy group peroxy IUPAC -OO- IUPAC -1 CH3 InChI=1S/CH3/h1H3/q-1 LGRLWUINFJPLSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 15.03452 15.02402 [H][C-]([H])[H] Beilstein:1813938 CAS:15194-58-8 Gmelin:259263 methanide trihydridocarbonate(1-) chebi_ontology CH3(-) [CH3](-) lambda(2)-methanuide methyl anion CHEBI:29438 methanide Beilstein:1813938 Beilstein CAS:15194-58-8 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:259263 Gmelin methanide IUPAC trihydridocarbonate(1-) IUPAC CH3(-) IUPAC [CH3](-) ChEBI lambda(2)-methanuide IUPAC methyl anion IUPAC 0 C48H72O14 InChI=1S/C48H72O14/c1-11-25(2)43-28(5)17-18-47(62-43)23-34-20-33(61-47)16-15-27(4)42(26(3)13-12-14-32-24-55-45-40(49)29(6)19-35(46(51)58-34)48(32,45)52)59-39-22-37(54-10)44(31(8)57-39)60-38-21-36(53-9)41(50)30(7)56-38/h12-15,17-19,25-26,28,30-31,33-45,49-50,52H,11,16,20-24H2,1-10H3/b13-12+,27-15+,32-14+/t25-,26-,28-,30-,31-,33+,34-,35-,36-,37-,38-,39-,40+,41-,42-,43+,44-,45+,47+,48+/m0/s1 RRZXIRBKKLTSOM-XPNPUAGNSA-N 873.07690 872.49221 CC[C@H](C)[C@H]1O[C@@]2(C[C@@H]3C[C@@H](C\C=C(C)\[C@@H](O[C@H]4C[C@H](OC)[C@@H](O[C@H]5C[C@H](OC)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O5)[C@H](C)O4)[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C4/CO[C@@H]5[C@H](O)C(C)=C[C@@H](C(=O)O3)[C@]45O)O2)C=C[C@@H]1C BPDB:8 Beilstein:3645625 CAS:65195-55-3 KEGG:C11983 LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMPK04000024 MetaCyc:CPD-12963 VSDB:8 (2aE,4E,5'S,6S,6'R,7S,8E,11R,13S,15S,17aR,20R,20aR,20bS)-20,20b-dihydroxy-5',6,8,19-tetramethyl-6'-[(1S)-1-methylpropyl]-17-oxo-5',6,6',10,11,14,15,17,17a,20,20a,20b-dodecahydro-2H,7H-spiro[11,15-methanofuro[4,3,2-pq][2,6]benzodioxacyclooctadecine-13,2'-pyran]-7-yl 2,6-dideoxy-4-O-(2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranosyl)-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranoside Avermectin B1a chebi_ontology abamectin component B1a CHEBI:29534 avermectin B1a Beilstein:3645625 Beilstein CAS:65195-55-3 ChemIDplus CAS:65195-55-3 KEGG COMPOUND LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMPK04000024 LIPID MAPS (2aE,4E,5'S,6S,6'R,7S,8E,11R,13S,15S,17aR,20R,20aR,20bS)-20,20b-dihydroxy-5',6,8,19-tetramethyl-6'-[(1S)-1-methylpropyl]-17-oxo-5',6,6',10,11,14,15,17,17a,20,20a,20b-dodecahydro-2H,7H-spiro[11,15-methanofuro[4,3,2-pq][2,6]benzodioxacyclooctadecine-13,2'-pyran]-7-yl 2,6-dideoxy-4-O-(2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranosyl)-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranoside IUPAC Avermectin B1a KEGG_COMPOUND abamectin component B1a ChemIDplus 0 C47H70O14 InChI=1S/C47H70O14/c1-24(2)41-27(5)16-17-46(61-41)22-33-19-32(60-46)15-14-26(4)42(25(3)12-11-13-31-23-54-44-39(48)28(6)18-34(45(50)57-33)47(31,44)51)58-38-21-36(53-10)43(30(8)56-38)59-37-20-35(52-9)40(49)29(7)55-37/h11-14,16-18,24-25,27,29-30,32-44,48-49,51H,15,19-23H2,1-10H3/b12-11+,26-14+,31-13+/t25-,27-,29-,30-,32+,33-,34-,35-,36-,37-,38-,39+,40-,41+,42-,43-,44+,46+,47+/m0/s1 ZFUKERYTFURFGA-PVVXTEPVSA-N 859.05030 858.47656 [H][C@@]12C\C=C(C)\[C@@H](O[C@H]3C[C@H](OC)[C@@H](O[C@H]4C[C@H](OC)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O4)[C@H](C)O3)[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C3/CO[C@]4([H])[C@H](O)C(C)=C[C@@]([H])(C(=O)O[C@@H](C1)C[C@]1(O2)O[C@]([H])(C(C)C)[C@@H](C)C=C1)[C@]34O Beilstein:8399072 CAS:65195-56-4 KEGG:C11967 LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMPK04000020 MetaCyc:CPD-12964 (2aE,4E,5'S,6S,6'R,7S,8E,11R,13S,15S,17aR,20R,20aR,20bS)-20,20b-dihydroxy-5',6,8,19-tetramethyl-17-oxo-6'-(propan-2-yl)-5',6,6',10,11,14,15,17,17a,20,20a,20b-dodecahydro-2H,7H-spiro[11,15-methanofuro[4,3,2-pq][2,6]benzodioxacyclooctadecine-13,2'-pyran]-7-yl 2,6-dideoxy-4-O-(2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranosyl)-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranoside Avermectin B1b chebi_ontology (2aE,4E,5'S,6S,6'R,7S,8E,11R,13S,15S,17aR,20R,20aR,20bS)-20,20b-dihydroxy-6'-isopropyl-5',6,8,19-tetramethyl-17-oxo-5',6,6',10,11,14,15,17,17a,20,20a,20b-dodecahydro-2H,7H-spiro[11,15-methanofuro[4,3,2-pq][2,6]benzodioxacyclooctadecine-13,2'-pyran]-7-yl 2,6-dideoxy-4-O-(2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranosyl)-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranoside abamectin component B1b CHEBI:29537 avermectin B1b Beilstein:8399072 Beilstein CAS:65195-56-4 ChemIDplus CAS:65195-56-4 KEGG COMPOUND LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMPK04000020 LIPID MAPS (2aE,4E,5'S,6S,6'R,7S,8E,11R,13S,15S,17aR,20R,20aR,20bS)-20,20b-dihydroxy-5',6,8,19-tetramethyl-17-oxo-6'-(propan-2-yl)-5',6,6',10,11,14,15,17,17a,20,20a,20b-dodecahydro-2H,7H-spiro[11,15-methanofuro[4,3,2-pq][2,6]benzodioxacyclooctadecine-13,2'-pyran]-7-yl 2,6-dideoxy-4-O-(2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranosyl)-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranoside IUPAC Avermectin B1b KEGG_COMPOUND (2aE,4E,5'S,6S,6'R,7S,8E,11R,13S,15S,17aR,20R,20aR,20bS)-20,20b-dihydroxy-6'-isopropyl-5',6,8,19-tetramethyl-17-oxo-5',6,6',10,11,14,15,17,17a,20,20a,20b-dodecahydro-2H,7H-spiro[11,15-methanofuro[4,3,2-pq][2,6]benzodioxacyclooctadecine-13,2'-pyran]-7-yl 2,6-dideoxy-4-O-(2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranosyl)-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranoside IUPAC abamectin component B1b ChemIDplus A mixture of antiviral nucleoside antibiotics produced by Streptomyces lysosuperificus. It contains at least 10 homologues comprising uracil, N-acetylglucosamine, an 11-carbon aminodialdose called tunicamine, and a fatty acid linked to the amino group of the tunicamine. The homologues vary in the composition of the fatty acid moiety. 0 C25H38N4O16 650.587 650.22828 [H][C@@](O)(C[C@H]1O[C@@H](OC2O[C@H]([*]O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2NC(C)=O)[C@H](NC([*])=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O)[C@@]1([H])O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1O)n1ccc(=O)[nH]c1=O CAS:11089-65-9 KEGG:C12063 PMID:11478581 PMID:11514096 PMID:11732194 PMID:11798249 PMID:12093793 PMID:12106388 PMID:12136966 PMID:12232600 PMID:12232799 PMID:12515321 PMID:160437 PMID:1624425 PMID:3018444 PMID:315774 PMID:4624615 PMID:4630978 PMID:5103138 PMID:5103535 PMID:5168706 PMID:6153524 PMID:6813319 PMID:6975776 PMID:6992777 PMID:701277 PMID:7142115 PMID:7144800 PMID:7766032 Wikipedia:Tunicamycin Tunicamycin chebi_ontology CHEBI:29699 tunicamycin CAS:11089-65-9 ChemIDplus CAS:11089-65-9 KEGG COMPOUND PMID:11478581 Europe PMC PMID:11514096 Europe PMC PMID:11732194 Europe PMC PMID:11798249 Europe PMC PMID:12093793 Europe PMC PMID:12106388 Europe PMC PMID:12136966 Europe PMC PMID:12232600 Europe PMC PMID:12232799 Europe PMC PMID:12515321 Europe PMC PMID:160437 Europe PMC PMID:1624425 Europe PMC PMID:3018444 Europe PMC PMID:315774 Europe PMC PMID:4624615 Europe PMC PMID:4630978 Europe PMC PMID:5103138 Europe PMC PMID:5103535 Europe PMC PMID:5168706 Europe PMC PMID:6153524 Europe PMC PMID:6813319 Europe PMC PMID:6975776 Europe PMC PMID:6992777 Europe PMC PMID:701277 Europe PMC PMID:7142115 Europe PMC PMID:7144800 Europe PMC PMID:7766032 Europe PMC Tunicamycin KEGG_COMPOUND 0 HS 33.07394 32.97990 CHEBI:26821 CHEBI:29916 sulfanyl thiol thiol group chebi_ontology -SH HS- Mercaptogruppe Merkaptogruppe Sulfhydrylgruppe Thiolgruppe mercapto group sulfhydryl group sulphydryl group CHEBI:29917 thiol group sulfanyl IUPAC thiol IUPAC thiol group UniProt -SH IUPAC HS- IUPAC Mercaptogruppe ChEBI Merkaptogruppe ChEBI Sulfhydrylgruppe ChEBI Thiolgruppe ChEBI mercapto group ChEBI sulfhydryl group ChEBI sulphydryl group ChEBI -1 HS InChI=1S/H2S/h1H2/p-1 RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-M 33.07394 32.98044 [S-][H] CAS:15035-72-0 Gmelin:24766 hydrogen(sulfide)(1-) hydrosulfide sulfanide chebi_ontology HS anion HS(-) hydrogen sulfide CHEBI:29919 hydrosulfide CAS:15035-72-0 ChemIDplus CAS:15035-72-0 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:24766 Gmelin hydrogen(sulfide)(1-) IUPAC hydrosulfide IUPAC sulfanide IUPAC HS anion NIST_Chemistry_WebBook HS(-) IUPAC hydrogen sulfide UniProt 0 HO3S 81.07214 80.96464 PDBeChem:SFO SULFO GROUP hydroxydioxo-lambda(6)-sulfanyl hydroxysulfonyl sulfo chebi_ontology -S(O)2(OH) CHEBI:29922 sulfo group SULFO GROUP PDBeChem hydroxydioxo-lambda(6)-sulfanyl IUPAC hydroxysulfonyl IUPAC sulfo IUPAC -S(O)2(OH) IUPAC 0 Cu InChI=1S/Cu RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 63.54600 62.92960 [Cu] CAS:7440-50-8 copper copper(0) chebi_ontology Cu(0) Cun CHEBI:30052 copper(0) CAS:7440-50-8 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-50-8 NIST Chemistry WebBook copper IUPAC copper(0) IUPAC Cu(0) ChEBI Cun IUPAC A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of acetic acid. -1 C2H3O2 InChI=1S/C2H4O2/c1-2(3)4/h1H3,(H,3,4)/p-1 QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 59.04402 59.01385 CC([O-])=O CHEBI:13704 CHEBI:22165 CHEBI:40480 Beilstein:1901470 CAS:71-50-1 DrugBank:DB03166 Gmelin:1379 KEGG:C00033 MetaCyc:ACET PDBeChem:ACT PMID:17190852 PMID:22211106 PMID:22371380 Reaxys:1901470 UM-BBD_compID:c0050 Wikipedia:Acetate acetate chebi_ontology ACETATE ION Azetat CH3-COO(-) Ethanoat MeCO2 anion acetic acid, ion(1-) ethanoate CHEBI:30089 acetate Beilstein:1901470 Beilstein CAS:71-50-1 ChemIDplus CAS:71-50-1 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:1379 Gmelin PMID:17190852 Europe PMC PMID:22211106 Europe PMC PMID:22371380 Europe PMC Reaxys:1901470 Reaxys UM-BBD_compID:c0050 UM-BBD acetate IUPAC acetate UniProt ACETATE ION PDBeChem Azetat ChEBI CH3-COO(-) IUPAC Ethanoat ChEBI MeCO2 anion NIST_Chemistry_WebBook acetic acid, ion(1-) ChemIDplus ethanoate ChEBI 0 Li InChI=1S/Li WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6.94100 7.01600 [Li] CAS:7439-93-2 WebElements:Li lithium chebi_ontology 3Li Li Lithium lithium litio CHEBI:30145 lithium atom CAS:7439-93-2 NIST Chemistry WebBook lithium IUPAC 3Li IUPAC Li IUPAC Lithium ChEBI lithium ChEBI litio ChEBI 0 Zn InChI=1S/Zn HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 65.39000 63.92914 [Zn] CAS:7440-66-6 DrugBank:DB01593 zinc(0) chebi_ontology Zn(0) Znn zinc CHEBI:30185 zinc(0) CAS:7440-66-6 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-66-6 NIST Chemistry WebBook zinc(0) IUPAC Zn(0) ChEBI Znn IUPAC zinc IUPAC A trivalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of all three protons from antimonous acid. -3 O3Sb InChI=1S/3O.Sb/q3*-1; JXYAODGLKNBUTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 169.75820 168.89020 [O-][Sb]([O-])[O-] PMID:17419726 antimonite trioxidoantimonate(3-) trioxoantimonate(3-) trioxoantimonate(III) chebi_ontology SbO3(3-) [SbO3](3-) CHEBI:30297 antimonite PMID:17419726 Europe PMC antimonite IUPAC trioxidoantimonate(3-) IUPAC trioxoantimonate(3-) IUPAC trioxoantimonate(III) IUPAC SbO3(3-) IUPAC [SbO3](3-) ChEBI -1 C2H3OS InChI=1S/C2H4OS/c1-2(3)4/h1H3,(H,3,4)/p-1 DUYAAUVXQSMXQP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 75.11062 74.99101 CC([S-])=O CHEBI:15233 CHEBI:26951 Beilstein:1848542 Beilstein:3903387 CAS:29632-72-2 Gmelin:323277 ethanethioate thioacetate chebi_ontology Thioacetat CHEBI:30320 thioacetate Beilstein:1848542 Beilstein Beilstein:3903387 Beilstein CAS:29632-72-2 ChemIDplus Gmelin:323277 Gmelin ethanethioate IUPAC thioacetate IUPAC thioacetate UniProt Thioacetat ChEBI An alkane that is butane substituted by a methyl group at position 2. 0 C5H12 InChI=1S/C5H12/c1-4-5(2)3/h5H,4H2,1-3H3 QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 72.14878 72.09390 CCC(C)C Beilstein:1730723 CAS:78-78-4 Gmelin:49318 PMID:21481069 PMID:23904008 PMID:24833189 PMID:24932627 Reaxys:1730723 Wikipedia:Isopentane 2-methylbutane isopentane chebi_ontology (CH3)2CH-CH2-CH3 1,1,2-trimethylethane 1,1-dimethylpropane R-601a dimethylethylmethane iso-C5H12 iso-pentane isoamylhydride CHEBI:30362 isopentane Beilstein:1730723 Beilstein CAS:78-78-4 ChemIDplus CAS:78-78-4 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:49318 Gmelin PMID:21481069 Europe PMC PMID:23904008 Europe PMC PMID:24833189 Europe PMC PMID:24932627 Europe PMC Reaxys:1730723 Reaxys 2-methylbutane IUPAC isopentane IUPAC (CH3)2CH-CH2-CH3 IUPAC 1,1,2-trimethylethane NIST_Chemistry_WebBook 1,1-dimethylpropane NIST_Chemistry_WebBook R-601a ChEBI dimethylethylmethane ChemIDplus iso-C5H12 NIST_Chemistry_WebBook iso-pentane NIST_Chemistry_WebBook isoamylhydride ChemIDplus A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron. CHEBI:14386 CHEBI:24491 COMe:MOL000025 DrugBank:DB03014 KEGG:C00032 heme hemes chebi_ontology Haem haem haeme hem hemos CHEBI:30413 heme heme IUPAC heme IUPAC heme UniProt hemes IUPAC Haem ChEBI haem ChEBI haem IUPAC haeme IUPAC hem IUPAC hemos IUPAC +1 H3S InChI=1S/H2S/h1H2/p+1 RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O 35.08982 34.99500 [H][S+]([H])[H] CAS:18155-21-0 Gmelin:307 sulfanium sulfonium trihydridosulfur(1+) chebi_ontology H3S(+) H3S+ [SH3](+) sulphonium CHEBI:30488 sulfonium CAS:18155-21-0 ChemIDplus CAS:18155-21-0 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:307 Gmelin sulfanium IUPAC sulfonium IUPAC trihydridosulfur(1+) IUPAC H3S(+) IUPAC H3S+ NIST_Chemistry_WebBook [SH3](+) ChEBI sulphonium ChEBI 0 Ag InChI=1S/Ag BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 107.86820 106.90509 [Ag] CAS:7440-22-4 WebElements:Ag silver chebi_ontology 47Ag Ag Silber argent argentum plata silver CHEBI:30512 silver atom CAS:7440-22-4 ChemIDplus silver IUPAC 47Ag IUPAC Ag IUPAC Silber ChemIDplus argent ChEBI argentum IUPAC plata ChEBI silver ChEBI 0 Sb InChI=1S/Sb WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 121.76000 120.90381 [Sb] WebElements:Sb antimony chebi_ontology 51Sb Antimon Sb antimoine antimonio antimony stibium CHEBI:30513 antimony atom antimony IUPAC 51Sb IUPAC Antimon ChEBI Sb IUPAC antimoine ChEBI antimonio ChEBI antimony ChEBI stibium IUPAC An gamma-amino acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of gamma-aminobutyric acid. -1 C4H8NO2 InChI=1S/C4H9NO2/c5-3-1-2-4(6)7/h1-3,5H2,(H,6,7)/p-1 BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 102.11186 102.05605 NCCCC([O-])=O CHEBI:11961 CHEBI:20317 Beilstein:3536873 Gmelin:559138 KEGG:C00334 PMID:12509893 Reaxys:3536873 4-aminobutanoate chebi_ontology 4-Amino-butyrat 4-Aminobutylate 4-aminobutanoic acid ion (1-) 4-aminobutyrate gamma-aminobutanoate gamma-aminobutyrate anion CHEBI:30566 gamma-aminobutyrate Beilstein:3536873 Beilstein Gmelin:559138 Gmelin PMID:12509893 Europe PMC Reaxys:3536873 Reaxys 4-aminobutanoate IUPAC 4-Amino-butyrat ChEBI 4-Aminobutylate KEGG_COMPOUND 4-aminobutanoic acid ion (1-) ChEBI 4-aminobutyrate ChEBI gamma-aminobutanoate ChEBI gamma-aminobutyrate anion ChEBI A nucleoside triphosphate(4-) obtained by global deprotonation of the triphosphate OH groups of ATP; major species present at pH 7.3. -4 C10H12N5O13P3 InChI=1S/C10H16N5O13P3/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(17)6(16)4(26-10)1-25-30(21,22)28-31(23,24)27-29(18,19)20/h2-4,6-7,10,16-17H,1H2,(H,21,22)(H,23,24)(H2,11,12,13)(H2,18,19,20)/p-4/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1 ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-KQYNXXCUSA-J 503.14946 502.96664 Nc1ncnc2n(cnc12)[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O Beilstein:3581767 Gmelin:342798 adenosine 5'-triphosphate(4-) chebi_ontology ATP atp CHEBI:30616 ATP(4-) Beilstein:3581767 Beilstein Gmelin:342798 Gmelin adenosine 5'-triphosphate(4-) IUPAC ATP UniProt atp IUPAC The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects. 0 CH2O2 InChI=1S/CH2O2/c2-1-3/h1H,(H,2,3) BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 46.02538 46.00548 [H]C(O)=O CHEBI:24082 CHEBI:42460 CHEBI:5145 BPDB:1749 Beilstein:1209246 CAS:64-18-6 DrugBank:DB01942 Gmelin:1008 HMDB:HMDB0000142 KEGG:C00058 KNApSAcK:C00001182 LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMFA01010040 MetaCyc:FORMATE PDBeChem:FMT PMID:12591956 PMID:14637377 PMID:15811469 PMID:16120414 PMID:16185830 PMID:16222862 PMID:16230297 PMID:16445901 PMID:16465784 PMID:18034701 PMID:18397576 PMID:22080171 PMID:22280475 PMID:22304812 PMID:22385261 PMID:22447125 PMID:22483350 PMID:22499553 PMID:22540994 PMID:22606986 PMID:22622393 PMID:3946945 PMID:7361809 Patent:CN101481304 Reaxys:1209246 Wikipedia:Formic_acid FORMIC ACID Formic acid formic acid chebi_ontology Acide formique Ameisensaeure H-COOH HCO2H HCOOH Methanoic acid aminic acid bilorin formylic acid hydrogen carboxylic acid methoic acid CHEBI:30751 formic acid Beilstein:1209246 Beilstein CAS:64-18-6 ChemIDplus CAS:64-18-6 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:64-18-6 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:1008 Gmelin LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMFA01010040 LIPID MAPS PMID:12591956 Europe PMC PMID:14637377 Europe PMC PMID:15811469 Europe PMC PMID:16120414 Europe PMC PMID:16185830 Europe PMC PMID:16222862 Europe PMC PMID:16230297 Europe PMC PMID:16445901 Europe PMC PMID:16465784 Europe PMC PMID:18034701 Europe PMC PMID:18397576 Europe PMC PMID:22080171 Europe PMC PMID:22280475 Europe PMC PMID:22304812 Europe PMC PMID:22385261 Europe PMC PMID:22447125 Europe PMC PMID:22483350 Europe PMC PMID:22499553 Europe PMC PMID:22540994 Europe PMC PMID:22606986 Europe PMC PMID:22622393 Europe PMC PMID:3946945 Europe PMC PMID:7361809 Europe PMC Reaxys:1209246 Reaxys FORMIC ACID PDBeChem Formic acid KEGG_COMPOUND formic acid IUPAC Acide formique ChemIDplus Ameisensaeure ChemIDplus H-COOH IUPAC HCO2H ChEBI HCOOH NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Methanoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND aminic acid ChemIDplus bilorin ChemIDplus formylic acid ChemIDplus hydrogen carboxylic acid ChemIDplus methoic acid ChEBI A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group. 0 C4H8O2 InChI=1S/C4H8O2/c1-2-3-4(5)6/h2-3H2,1H3,(H,5,6) FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 88.10510 88.05243 CCCC(O)=O CHEBI:113450 CHEBI:22948 CHEBI:3234 CHEBI:41208 Beilstein:906770 CAS:107-92-6 DrugBank:DB03568 Gmelin:26242 HMDB:HMDB0000039 KEGG:C00246 KNApSAcK:C00001180 LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMFA01010004 MetaCyc:BUTYRIC_ACID PDBeChem:BUA PMID:10736622 PMID:10956204 PMID:11201044 PMID:11208715 PMID:11238216 PMID:11305323 PMID:12068484 PMID:13678314 PMID:14962641 PMID:1542095 PMID:15809727 PMID:15810631 PMID:15938880 PMID:19318247 PMID:19366864 PMID:19703412 PMID:21699495 PMID:22038864 PMID:22194341 PMID:22322557 PMID:22339023 PMID:22466881 Reaxys:906770 Wikipedia:Butyric_acid Butyric acid butanoic acid butyric acid chebi_ontology 1-butanoic acid 1-butyric acid 1-propanecarboxylic acid 4:0 BUTANOIC ACID Butanoate Butanoic acid Buttersaeure C4:0 CH3-[CH2]2-COOH acide butanoique acide butyrique butanic acid butoic acid ethylacetic acid n-butanoic acid n-butyric acid propanecarboxylic acid propylformic acid CHEBI:30772 butyric acid Beilstein:906770 Beilstein CAS:107-92-6 ChemIDplus CAS:107-92-6 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:107-92-6 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:26242 Gmelin LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMFA01010004 LIPID MAPS PMID:10736622 Europe PMC PMID:10956204 ChEMBL PMID:11201044 Europe PMC PMID:11208715 Europe PMC PMID:11238216 Europe PMC PMID:11305323 Europe PMC PMID:12068484 Europe PMC PMID:13678314 Europe PMC PMID:14962641 Europe PMC PMID:1542095 ChEMBL PMID:15809727 Europe PMC PMID:15810631 Europe PMC PMID:15938880 Europe PMC PMID:19318247 Europe PMC PMID:19366864 Europe PMC PMID:19703412 Europe PMC PMID:21699495 Europe PMC PMID:22038864 Europe PMC PMID:22194341 Europe PMC PMID:22322557 Europe PMC PMID:22339023 Europe PMC PMID:22466881 Europe PMC Reaxys:906770 Reaxys Butyric acid KEGG_COMPOUND butanoic acid IUPAC butyric acid IUPAC 1-butanoic acid HMDB 1-butyric acid HMDB 1-propanecarboxylic acid MetaCyc 4:0 ChEBI BUTANOIC ACID PDBeChem Butanoate KEGG_COMPOUND Butanoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND Buttersaeure ChEBI C4:0 ChEBI CH3-[CH2]2-COOH IUPAC acide butanoique IUPAC acide butyrique ChEBI butanic acid ChEBI butoic acid ChEBI ethylacetic acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook n-butanoic acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook n-butyric acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook propanecarboxylic acid HMDB propylformic acid MetaCyc A C6, straight-chain saturated fatty acid. 0 C6H12O2 InChI=1S/C6H12O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6(7)8/h2-5H2,1H3,(H,7,8) FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 116.15830 116.08373 CCCCCC(O)=O CHEBI:24571 CHEBI:40213 CHEBI:5702 Beilstein:773837 CAS:142-62-1 ECMDB:ECMDB21229 Gmelin:185066 HMDB:HMDB0000535 KEGG:C01585 KNApSAcK:C00001218 LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMFA01010006 MetaCyc:HEXANOATE PDBeChem:6NA PMID:10685018 PMID:1556177 PMID:24357269 PMID:24924750 Reaxys:773837 Wikipedia:Hexanoic_acid YMDB:YMDB01424 HEXANOIC ACID Hexanoic acid hexanoic acid chebi_ontology 1-hexanoic acid 1-pentanecarboxylic acid 6:0 C6:0 CH3-[CH2]4-COOH Hexanoate Hexylic acid Pentanecarboxylic acid butylacetic acid caproic acid capronic acid hexoic acid n-Caproic acid n-hexanoic acid n-hexoic acid n-hexylic acid pentiformic acid pentylformic acid CHEBI:30776 hexanoic acid Beilstein:773837 Beilstein CAS:142-62-1 ChemIDplus CAS:142-62-1 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:142-62-1 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:185066 Gmelin LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMFA01010006 LIPID MAPS PMID:10685018 Europe PMC PMID:1556177 Europe PMC PMID:24357269 Europe PMC PMID:24924750 Europe PMC Reaxys:773837 Reaxys HEXANOIC ACID PDBeChem Hexanoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND hexanoic acid IUPAC 1-hexanoic acid ChemIDplus 1-pentanecarboxylic acid ChemIDplus 6:0 ChEBI C6:0 ChEBI CH3-[CH2]4-COOH IUPAC Hexanoate KEGG_COMPOUND Hexylic acid KEGG_COMPOUND Pentanecarboxylic acid ChemIDplus butylacetic acid ChemIDplus caproic acid ChEBI capronic acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook hexoic acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook n-Caproic acid KEGG_COMPOUND n-hexanoic acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook n-hexoic acid ChemIDplus n-hexylic acid ChemIDplus pentiformic acid ChemIDplus pentylformic acid ChemIDplus A compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom. 0 HOR 17.007 17.00274 O[*] CHEBI:13804 CHEBI:22288 CHEBI:2553 KEGG:C00069 Alcohol alcohols chebi_ontology an alcohol CHEBI:30879 alcohol Alcohol KEGG_COMPOUND alcohols IUPAC an alcohol UniProt A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms. 0 C4H4N2 InChI=1S/C4H4N2/c1-2-6-4-3-5-1/h1-4H KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 80.08804 80.03745 c1cnccn1 Beilstein:103905 CAS:290-37-9 Gmelin:1733 HMDB:HMDB0034176 PMID:24964033 Reaxys:103905 Wikipedia:Pyrazine pyrazine chebi_ontology 1,4-Diazin 1,4-diazine Pyrazin p-diazine paradiazine pyz CHEBI:30953 pyrazine Beilstein:103905 Beilstein CAS:290-37-9 ChemIDplus CAS:290-37-9 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:1733 Gmelin PMID:24964033 Europe PMC Reaxys:103905 Reaxys pyrazine IUPAC 1,4-Diazin ChEBI 1,4-diazine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Pyrazin ChEBI p-diazine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook paradiazine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook pyz IUPAC A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-4 and C-4'. 0 C10H8N2 InChI=1S/C10H8N2/c1-5-11-6-2-9(1)10-3-7-12-8-4-10/h1-8H MWVTWFVJZLCBMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 156.18400 156.06875 c1cc(ccn1)-c1ccncc1 Beilstein:113176 CAS:553-26-4 Gmelin:3759 PMID:24022647 PMID:24358992 PMID:24446585 Reaxys:113176 Wikipedia:4,4%27-Bipyridine 4,4'-bipyridine chebi_ontology 4,4'-bipyridyl 4,4'-bpy 4,4'-dipyridine 4,4'-dipyridyl 4,4-Bipyridin 4-(4-pyridyl)pyridine gamma,gamma'-bipyridyl gamma,gamma'-dipyridyl CHEBI:30985 4,4'-bipyridine Beilstein:113176 Beilstein CAS:553-26-4 ChemIDplus CAS:553-26-4 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:3759 Gmelin PMID:24022647 Europe PMC PMID:24358992 Europe PMC PMID:24446585 Europe PMC Reaxys:113176 Reaxys 4,4'-bipyridine IUPAC 4,4'-bipyridyl ChemIDplus 4,4'-bpy IUPAC 4,4'-dipyridine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook 4,4'-dipyridyl NIST_Chemistry_WebBook 4,4-Bipyridin ChEBI 4-(4-pyridyl)pyridine ChemIDplus gamma,gamma'-bipyridyl NIST_Chemistry_WebBook gamma,gamma'-dipyridyl NIST_Chemistry_WebBook An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion. 0 Cl.H4N ClH4N InChI=1S/ClH.H3N/h1H;1H3 NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 53.49120 53.00323 [Cl-].[H][N+]([H])([H])[H] CAS:12125-02-9 Gmelin:10120 KEGG:C12538 KEGG:D01139 Wikipedia:Ammonium_Chloride Ammonium chloride ammonium chloride chebi_ontology Ammoniumchlorid NH4Cl [NH4]Cl azanium chloride CHEBI:31206 ammonium chloride CAS:12125-02-9 ChemIDplus CAS:12125-02-9 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:12125-02-9 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:10120 Gmelin Ammonium chloride KEGG_COMPOUND ammonium chloride IUPAC Ammoniumchlorid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook NH4Cl IUPAC [NH4]Cl IUPAC azanium chloride ChEBI The L-enantiomer of cysteinate(1-). -1 C3H6NO2S InChI=1S/C3H7NO2S/c4-2(1-7)3(5)6/h2,7H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)/p-1/t2-/m0/s1 XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-M 120.15128 120.01247 N[C@@H](CS)C([O-])=O Beilstein:4128886 Gmelin:325857 Reaxys:4128886 L-cysteinate(1-) hydrogen L-cysteinate chebi_ontology (2R)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoate (2R)-2-amino-3-sulfanylpropanoate L-cysteine anion L-cysteine monoanion CHEBI:32442 L-cysteinate(1-) Beilstein:4128886 Beilstein Gmelin:325857 Gmelin Reaxys:4128886 Reaxys L-cysteinate(1-) JCBN hydrogen L-cysteinate IUPAC (2R)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoate ChEBI (2R)-2-amino-3-sulfanylpropanoate IUPAC L-cysteine anion NIST_Chemistry_WebBook L-cysteine monoanion JCBN The L-enantiomer of cysteinate(2-). -2 C3H5NO2S InChI=1S/C3H7NO2S/c4-2(1-7)3(5)6/h2,7H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)/p-2/t2-/m0/s1 XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-L 119.14334 119.00520 N[C@@H](C[S-])C([O-])=O Beilstein:5921923 Gmelin:325856 Reaxys:5921923 L-cysteinate L-cysteinate(2-) chebi_ontology (2R)-2-amino-3-sulfidopropanoate L-cysteine dianion CHEBI:32443 L-cysteinate(2-) Beilstein:5921923 Beilstein Gmelin:325856 Gmelin Reaxys:5921923 Reaxys L-cysteinate IUPAC L-cysteinate(2-) JCBN (2R)-2-amino-3-sulfidopropanoate IUPAC L-cysteine dianion JCBN The L-enantiomer of cysteinium. +1 C3H8NO2S InChI=1S/C3H7NO2S/c4-2(1-7)3(5)6/h2,7H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)/p+1/t2-/m0/s1 XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-O 122.16716 122.02703 [NH3+][C@@H](CS)C(O)=O Gmelin:325860 L-cysteinium chebi_ontology (1R)-1-carboxy-2-mercaptoethanaminium (1R)-1-carboxy-2-sulfanylethanaminium L-cysteine cation L-cysteinium(1+) CHEBI:32445 L-cysteinium Gmelin:325860 Gmelin L-cysteinium IUPAC (1R)-1-carboxy-2-mercaptoethanaminium ChEBI (1R)-1-carboxy-2-sulfanylethanaminium IUPAC L-cysteine cation JCBN L-cysteinium(1+) ChEBI The D-enantiomer of cysteinate(1-). -1 C3H6NO2S InChI=1S/C3H7NO2S/c4-2(1-7)3(5)6/h2,7H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)/p-1/t2-/m1/s1 XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UWTATZPHSA-M 120.15128 120.01247 N[C@H](CS)C([O-])=O Gmelin:1006156 D-cysteinate(1-) hydrogen D-cysteinate chebi_ontology (2S)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoate (2S)-2-amino-3-sulfanylpropanoate D-cysteine monoanion CHEBI:32449 D-cysteinate(1-) Gmelin:1006156 Gmelin D-cysteinate(1-) JCBN hydrogen D-cysteinate IUPAC (2S)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoate ChEBI (2S)-2-amino-3-sulfanylpropanoate IUPAC D-cysteine monoanion JCBN The D-enantiomer of cysteinate(2-). -2 C3H5NO2S InChI=1S/C3H7NO2S/c4-2(1-7)3(5)6/h2,7H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)/p-2/t2-/m1/s1 XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UWTATZPHSA-L 119.14334 119.00520 N[C@H](C[S-])C([O-])=O Gmelin:1342792 D-cysteinate D-cysteinate(2-) chebi_ontology (2S)-2-amino-3-sulfidopropanoate D-cysteine dianion CHEBI:32450 D-cysteinate(2-) Gmelin:1342792 Gmelin D-cysteinate IUPAC D-cysteinate(2-) JCBN (2S)-2-amino-3-sulfidopropanoate IUPAC D-cysteine dianion JCBN The D-enantiomer of cysteinium. +1 C3H8NO2S InChI=1S/C3H7NO2S/c4-2(1-7)3(5)6/h2,7H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)/p+1/t2-/m1/s1 XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UWTATZPHSA-O 122.16716 122.02703 [NH3+][C@H](CS)C(O)=O Gmelin:363237 D-cysteinium chebi_ontology (1S)-1-carboxy-2-mercaptoethanaminium (1S)-1-carboxy-2-sulfanylethanaminium D-cysteine cation CHEBI:32451 D-cysteinium Gmelin:363237 Gmelin D-cysteinium IUPAC (1S)-1-carboxy-2-mercaptoethanaminium ChEBI (1S)-1-carboxy-2-sulfanylethanaminium IUPAC D-cysteine cation JCBN A sulfur-containing amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of cysteine, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. -1 C3H6NO2S InChI=1S/C3H7NO2S/c4-2(1-7)3(5)6/h2,7H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)/p-1 XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 120.15128 120.01247 NC(CS)C([O-])=O Beilstein:4128885 Gmelin:363235 Reaxys:4128885 cysteinate(1-) hydrogen cysteinate chebi_ontology 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoate 2-amino-3-sulfanylpropanoate cys(-) cysteine monoanion CHEBI:32456 cysteinate(1-) Beilstein:4128885 Beilstein Gmelin:363235 Gmelin Reaxys:4128885 Reaxys cysteinate(1-) JCBN hydrogen cysteinate IUPAC 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoate ChEBI 2-amino-3-sulfanylpropanoate IUPAC cys(-) IUPAC cysteine monoanion JCBN -2 C3H5NO2S InChI=1S/C3H7NO2S/c4-2(1-7)3(5)6/h2,7H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)/p-2 XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 119.14334 119.00520 NC(C[S-])C([O-])=O Gmelin:49990 cysteinate cysteinate(2-) chebi_ontology 2-amino-3-sulfidopropanoate cysteine dianion CHEBI:32457 cysteinate(2-) Gmelin:49990 Gmelin cysteinate IUPAC cysteinate(2-) JCBN 2-amino-3-sulfidopropanoate IUPAC cysteine dianion JCBN +1 C3H8NO2S InChI=1S/C3H7NO2S/c4-2(1-7)3(5)6/h2,7H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)/p+1 XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-O 122.16716 122.02703 [NH3+]C(CS)C(O)=O Gmelin:325859 1-carboxy-2-sulfanylethanaminium cysteinium chebi_ontology 1-carboxy-2-mercaptoethanaminium H2cys(+) cysteine cation CHEBI:32458 cysteinium Gmelin:325859 Gmelin 1-carboxy-2-sulfanylethanaminium IUPAC cysteinium JCBN 1-carboxy-2-mercaptoethanaminium ChEBI H2cys(+) IUPAC cysteine cation JCBN An alpha-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of lysine, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. -1 C6H13N2O2 InChI=1S/C6H14N2O2/c7-4-2-1-3-5(8)6(9)10/h5H,1-4,7-8H2,(H,9,10)/p-1 KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 145.17970 145.09825 NCCCCC(N)C([O-])=O Gmelin:815095 lysinate chebi_ontology 2,6-diaminohexanoate lys(-) lysinate(1-) lysine anion CHEBI:32563 lysinate Gmelin:815095 Gmelin lysinate IUPAC 2,6-diaminohexanoate IUPAC lys(-) IUPAC lysinate(1-) ChEBI lysine anion JCBN An alpha-amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of lysine, having two cationic amino groups and an anionic carboxy group. +1 C6H15N2O2 InChI=1S/C6H14N2O2/c7-4-2-1-3-5(8)6(9)10/h5H,1-4,7-8H2,(H,9,10)/p+1 KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-O 147.19558 147.11280 [NH3+]CCCCC([NH3+])C([O-])=O lysinium lysinium(1+) chebi_ontology 2,6-diammoniohexanoate lysine monocation CHEBI:32564 lysinium(1+) lysinium IUPAC lysinium(1+) JCBN 2,6-diammoniohexanoate IUPAC lysine monocation JCBN An alpha-amino-acid cation obtained by protonation of both amino groups of lysine. +2 C6H16N2O2 InChI=1S/C6H14N2O2/c7-4-2-1-3-5(8)6(9)10/h5H,1-4,7-8H2,(H,9,10)/p+2 KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-P 148.20352 148.12008 [NH3+]CCCCC([NH3+])C(O)=O lysinediium lysinium(2+) chebi_ontology 1-carboxypentane-1,5-diaminium lysine dication CHEBI:32565 lysinium(2+) lysinediium IUPAC lysinium(2+) JCBN 1-carboxypentane-1,5-diaminium IUPAC lysine dication JCBN A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups. 0 NR3 14.00670 14.00307 [*]N([*])[*] CHEBI:26879 CHEBI:9458 KEGG:C02196 Tertiary amine tertiary amines chebi_ontology R3N tertiaeres Amin CHEBI:32876 tertiary amine Tertiary amine KEGG_COMPOUND tertiary amines IUPAC R3N IUPAC tertiaeres Amin ChEBI A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one hydrogen atom by a hydrocarbyl group. 0 H2NR 16.02260 16.01872 N[*] CHEBI:26263 CHEBI:26265 CHEBI:8407 CHEBI:8409 KEGG:C00375 KEGG:C00893 KEGG:C02580 Primary amine primary amines chebi_ontology Primary monoamine R-NH2 RCH2NH2 primaeres Amin CHEBI:32877 primary amine Primary amine KEGG_COMPOUND primary amines IUPAC Primary monoamine KEGG_COMPOUND R-NH2 IUPAC RCH2NH2 KEGG_COMPOUND primaeres Amin ChEBI A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups. CHEBI:13814 CHEBI:22474 CHEBI:2641 KEGG:C00706 Amine amines chebi_ontology Amin Substituted amine CHEBI:32952 amine Amine KEGG_COMPOUND amines IUPAC Amin ChEBI Substituted amine KEGG_COMPOUND 0 C2H3NaO2 InChI=1S/C2H4O2.Na/c1-2(3)4;/h1H3,(H,3,4);/q;+1/p-1 VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 82.03379 82.00307 [Na+].CC([O-])=O Beilstein:3595639 CAS:127-09-3 Gmelin:20502 Wikipedia:Sodium_Acetate sodium acetate chebi_ontology Natriumazetat acetic acid, sodium salt anhydrous sodium acetate sodium acetate anhydrous CHEBI:32954 sodium acetate Beilstein:3595639 Beilstein CAS:127-09-3 ChemIDplus Gmelin:20502 Gmelin sodium acetate IUPAC Natriumazetat ChEBI acetic acid, sodium salt ChemIDplus anhydrous sodium acetate ChemIDplus sodium acetate anhydrous ChemIDplus An amide is a derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. CHEBI:22473 CHEBI:2633 KEGG:C00241 Amide amides chebi_ontology CHEBI:32988 amide Amide KEGG_COMPOUND amides IUPAC An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a naphthalene and benzene unit connected by a five-membered ring. 0 C16H10 InChI=1S/C16H10/c1-2-8-13-12(7-1)14-9-3-5-11-6-4-10-15(13)16(11)14/h1-10H GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 202.25060 202.07825 c1ccc-2c(c1)-c1cccc3cccc-2c13 Beilstein:1907918 CAS:206-44-0 Gmelin:262216 KEGG:C19425 MetaCyc:CPD-15564 PMID:15278918 PMID:17258277 PMID:23943046 PMID:24151025 Reaxys:1907918 Wikipedia:Fluoranthene fluoranthene chebi_ontology benzo[jk]fluorene CHEBI:33083 fluoranthene Beilstein:1907918 Beilstein CAS:206-44-0 ChemIDplus CAS:206-44-0 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:206-44-0 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:262216 Gmelin PMID:15278918 Europe PMC PMID:17258277 Europe PMC PMID:23943046 Europe PMC PMID:24151025 Europe PMC Reaxys:1907918 Reaxys fluoranthene IUPAC benzo[jk]fluorene NIST_Chemistry_WebBook A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups. 0 C15H16O2 InChI=1S/C15H16O2/c1-15(2,11-3-7-13(16)8-4-11)12-5-9-14(17)10-6-12/h3-10,16-17H,1-2H3 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 228.28634 228.11503 CC(C)(c1ccc(O)cc1)c1ccc(O)cc1 CHEBI:22900 CHEBI:31295 CHEBI:47094 CAS:80-05-7 DrugBank:DB06973 HMDB:HMDB0032133 KEGG:C13624 LINCS:LSM-37080 PMID:10593191 PMID:11361040 PMID:12860292 PMID:15936980 PMID:16904728 PMID:24471646 PMID:25042713 PMID:25148994 PMID:25524584 PMID:25569640 PMID:25637671 PMID:25663485 Reaxys:1107700 UM-BBD_compID:c0764 Wikipedia:Bisphenol_A 4,4'-(propane-2,2-diyl)diphenol Bisphenol A bisphenol A chebi_ontology 2, 2-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane 2,2-Bis(4'-hydroxyphenyl)propane 2,2-Bis(4-Hydroxyphenyl)propane 2,2-Bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)propane 2,2-Di(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane 2,2-Di(4-phenylol)propane 4,4'-(1-Methylethane-1,1-diyl)diphenol 4,4'-(1-Methylethylidene)bisphenol 4,4'-(Propane-2,2-diyl)diphenol 4,4'-Bisphenol A 4,4'-Isopropylidenediphenol BPA Dianin's compound bisphenol-A CHEBI:33216 bisphenol A CAS:80-05-7 ChemIDplus CAS:80-05-7 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:80-05-7 NIST Chemistry WebBook PMID:10593191 Europe PMC PMID:11361040 Europe PMC PMID:12860292 Europe PMC PMID:15936980 Europe PMC PMID:16904728 Europe PMC PMID:24471646 Europe PMC PMID:25042713 Europe PMC PMID:25148994 Europe PMC PMID:25524584 Europe PMC PMID:25569640 Europe PMC PMID:25637671 Europe PMC PMID:25663485 Europe PMC Reaxys:1107700 Reaxys UM-BBD_compID:c0764 UM-BBD 4,4'-(propane-2,2-diyl)diphenol IUPAC Bisphenol A KEGG_COMPOUND bisphenol A UniProt 2, 2-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane HMDB 2,2-Bis(4'-hydroxyphenyl)propane HMDB 2,2-Bis(4-Hydroxyphenyl)propane KEGG_COMPOUND 2,2-Bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)propane ChemIDplus 2,2-Di(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane ChemIDplus 2,2-Di(4-phenylol)propane ChemIDplus 4,4'-(1-Methylethane-1,1-diyl)diphenol HMDB 4,4'-(1-Methylethylidene)bisphenol ChemIDplus 4,4'-(Propane-2,2-diyl)diphenol HMDB 4,4'-Bisphenol A ChemIDplus 4,4'-Isopropylidenediphenol ChemIDplus BPA HMDB Dianin's compound ChEBI bisphenol-A ChEBI Intended use of the molecular entity or part thereof by humans. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33232 application A particle not known to have substructure. elementary particle chebi_ontology elementary particles CHEBI:33233 fundamental particle elementary particle IUPAC elementary particles ChEBI A monoatomic entity is a molecular entity consisting of a single atom. chebi_ontology atomic entity monoatomic entities CHEBI:33238 monoatomic entity atomic entity ChEBI monoatomic entities ChEBI An assembly consisting of a central atom (usually metallic) to which is attached a surrounding array of other groups of atoms (ligands). coordination entities coordination entity chebi_ontology coordination compounds CHEBI:33240 coordination entity coordination entities IUPAC coordination entity IUPAC coordination compounds ChEBI chebi_ontology oxoacid derivatives CHEBI:33241 oxoacid derivative oxoacid derivatives ChEBI chebi_ontology inorganic hydrides CHEBI:33242 inorganic hydride inorganic hydrides ChEBI An organic fundamental parent is a structure used as a basis for substitutive names in organic nomenclature, containing, in addition to one or more hydrogen atoms, a single atom of an element, a number of atoms (alike or different) linked together to form an unbranched chain, a monocyclic or polycyclic ring system, or a ring assembly or ring/chain system. chebi_ontology organic fundamental parents organic parent hydrides CHEBI:33245 organic fundamental parent organic fundamental parents ChEBI organic parent hydrides ChEBI Any substituent group which does not contain carbon. chebi_ontology inorganic groups CHEBI:33246 inorganic group inorganic groups ChEBI Any substituent group or skeleton containing carbon. chebi_ontology organic groups CHEBI:33247 organic group organic groups ChEBI A univalent group formed by removing a hydrogen atom from a hydrocarbon. hydrocarbyl group hydrocarbyl groups chebi_ontology groupe hydrocarbyle grupo hidrocarbilo grupos hidrocarbilo CHEBI:33248 hydrocarbyl group hydrocarbyl group IUPAC hydrocarbyl groups IUPAC groupe hydrocarbyle IUPAC grupo hidrocarbilo IUPAC grupos hidrocarbilo IUPAC Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having one free valence at a carbon atom. organyl group organyl groups chebi_ontology groupe organyle grupo organilo grupos organilo CHEBI:33249 organyl group organyl group IUPAC organyl groups IUPAC groupe organyle IUPAC grupo organilo IUPAC grupos organilo IUPAC A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element. CHEBI:22671 CHEBI:23907 atom chebi_ontology atome atomo atoms atomus element elements CHEBI:33250 atom atom IUPAC atome IUPAC atomo IUPAC atoms ChEBI atomus ChEBI element ChEBI elements ChEBI A nucleus is the positively charged central portion of an atom, excluding the orbital electrons. nucleus chebi_ontology Atomkern Kern noyau noyau atomique nuclei nucleo nucleo atomico nucleus atomi CHEBI:33252 atomic nucleus nucleus IUPAC Atomkern ChEBI Kern ChEBI noyau IUPAC noyau atomique ChEBI nuclei ChEBI nucleo IUPAC nucleo atomico ChEBI nucleus atomi ChEBI Heavy nuclear particle: proton or neutron. nucleon chebi_ontology Nukleon Nukleonen nucleons CHEBI:33253 nucleon nucleon IUPAC nucleon IUPAC Nukleon ChEBI Nukleonen ChEBI nucleons ChEBI A derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. primary amide primary amides chebi_ontology CHEBI:33256 primary amide primary amide IUPAC primary amides IUPAC A derivative of two oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which two acyl groups are attached to the amino or substituted amino group. secondary amide secondary amides chebi_ontology CHEBI:33257 secondary amide secondary amide IUPAC secondary amides IUPAC A molecular entity all atoms of which have the same atomic number. chebi_ontology homoatomic entity homoatomic molecular entities homoatomic molecular entity CHEBI:33259 elemental molecular entity homoatomic entity ChEBI homoatomic molecular entities ChEBI homoatomic molecular entity ChEBI An organosulfur compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-sulfur bond. CHEBI:23010 CHEBI:25714 Wikipedia:Organosulfur_compounds organosulfur compound chebi_ontology organosulfur compounds CHEBI:33261 organosulfur compound organosulfur compound ChEBI organosulfur compounds ChEBI An anion consisting of more than one atom. chebi_ontology polyatomic anions CHEBI:33273 polyatomic anion polyatomic anions ChEBI chebi_ontology chemical messenger CHEBI:33280 molecular messenger chemical messenger ChEBI A substance that kills or slows the growth of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoans. CHEBI:22582 PMID:12964249 PMID:22117953 PMID:22439833 PMID:22849268 PMID:22849276 PMID:22958833 chebi_ontology Antibiotika Antibiotikum antibiotic antibiotics antibiotique antimicrobial antimicrobial agents antimicrobials microbicide microbicides CHEBI:33281 antimicrobial agent PMID:12964249 Europe PMC PMID:22117953 Europe PMC PMID:22439833 Europe PMC PMID:22849268 Europe PMC PMID:22849276 Europe PMC PMID:22958833 Europe PMC Antibiotika ChEBI Antibiotikum ChEBI antibiotic ChEBI antibiotics ChEBI antibiotique IUPAC antimicrobial ChEBI antimicrobial agents ChEBI antimicrobials ChEBI microbicide ChEBI microbicides ChEBI A substance (or active part thereof) that kills or slows the growth of bacteria. chebi_ontology antibacterial agents antibacterials bactericide bactericides CHEBI:33282 antibacterial agent antibacterial agents ChEBI antibacterials ChEBI bactericide ChEBI bactericides ChEBI A nutrient is a food component that an organism uses to survive and grow. chebi_ontology nutrients CHEBI:33284 nutrient nutrients ChEBI A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms. chebi_ontology heteroorganic entities organoelement compounds CHEBI:33285 heteroorganic entity heteroorganic entities ChEBI organoelement compounds ChEBI An agrochemical is a substance that is used in agriculture or horticulture. Wikipedia:Agrochemical chebi_ontology agrichemical agrichemicals agricultural chemicals agrochemicals CHEBI:33286 agrochemical agrichemical ChEBI agrichemicals ChEBI agricultural chemicals ChEBI agrochemicals ChEBI A fertilizer is any substance that is added to soil or water to assist the growth of plants. chebi_ontology fertiliser fertilizers CHEBI:33287 fertilizer fertiliser ChEBI fertilizers ChEBI Any material that can be ingested by an organism. chebi_ontology food material food materials food role foods foodstuff foodstuffs CHEBI:33290 food food material ChEBI food materials ChEBI food role ChEBI foods ChEBI foodstuff ChEBI foodstuffs ChEBI An energy-rich substance that can be transformed with release of usable energy. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33292 fuel A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkali metal. chebi_ontology alkali metal molecular entities CHEBI:33296 alkali metal molecular entity alkali metal molecular entities ChEBI Any p-block element atom that is in group 15 of the periodic table: nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth. pnictogens chebi_ontology group 15 elements group V elements nitrogenoideos nitrogenoides pnictogene pnictogenes CHEBI:33300 pnictogen pnictogens IUPAC group 15 elements ChEBI group V elements ChEBI nitrogenoideos ChEBI nitrogenoides ChEBI pnictogene ChEBI pnictogenes ChEBI A p-block molecular entity containing any pnictogen. pnictogen molecular entity chebi_ontology pnictogen molecular entities CHEBI:33302 pnictogen molecular entity pnictogen molecular entity ChEBI pnictogen molecular entities ChEBI Any p-block element belonging to the group 16 family of the periodic table. PMID:17084588 chalcogen chalcogens chebi_ontology Chalkogen Chalkogene anfigeno anfigenos calcogeno calcogenos chalcogene chalcogenes group 16 elements group VI elements CHEBI:33303 chalcogen PMID:17084588 Europe PMC chalcogen IUPAC chalcogens IUPAC Chalkogen ChEBI Chalkogene ChEBI anfigeno ChEBI anfigenos ChEBI calcogeno ChEBI calcogenos ChEBI chalcogene ChEBI chalcogenes ChEBI group 16 elements ChEBI group VI elements ChEBI Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen. chalcogen molecular entity chebi_ontology chalcogen compounds chalcogen molecular entities CHEBI:33304 chalcogen molecular entity chalcogen molecular entity ChEBI chalcogen compounds ChEBI chalcogen molecular entities ChEBI group 14 elements chebi_ontology carbon group element carbon group elements carbonoides cristallogene cristallogenes group IV elements CHEBI:33306 carbon group element atom group 14 elements IUPAC carbon group element ChEBI carbon group elements ChEBI carbonoides ChEBI cristallogene ChEBI cristallogenes ChEBI group IV elements ChEBI An organic acid in which one or both oxygens of a carboxy group have been replaced by divalent sulfur. carbothioic acids thiocarboxylic acid thiocarboxylic acids chebi_ontology thiocarboxylic acids CHEBI:33307 thiocarboxylic acid carbothioic acids IUPAC thiocarboxylic acid IUPAC thiocarboxylic acids IUPAC thiocarboxylic acids ChEBI An ester of a carboxylic acid, R(1)C(=O)OR(2), where R(1) = H or organyl and R(2) = organyl. 0 CO2R2 44.010 43.98983 [*]C(=O)O[*] CHEBI:13204 CHEBI:23028 CHEBI:3408 KEGG:C02391 Wikipedia:Ester Carboxylic ester carboxylic esters chebi_ontology a carboxylic ester carboxylic acid esters CHEBI:33308 carboxylic ester Carboxylic ester KEGG_COMPOUND carboxylic esters IUPAC a carboxylic ester UniProt carboxylic acid esters ChEBI An atom belonging to one of the main groups (found in the s- and p- blocks) of the periodic table. main group elements chebi_ontology Hauptgruppenelement Hauptgruppenelemente main group element CHEBI:33318 main group element atom main group elements IUPAC Hauptgruppenelement ChEBI Hauptgruppenelemente ChEBI main group element ChEBI group 12 elements chebi_ontology zinc group element zinc group elements CHEBI:33340 zinc group element atom group 12 elements IUPAC zinc group element ChEBI zinc group elements ChEBI group 7 elements chebi_ontology manganese group element manganese group elements CHEBI:33352 manganese group element atom group 7 elements IUPAC manganese group element ChEBI manganese group elements ChEBI group 8 elements chebi_ontology iron group element iron group elements CHEBI:33356 iron group element atom group 8 elements IUPAC iron group element ChEBI iron group elements ChEBI group 9 elements chebi_ontology cobalt group element cobalt group elements CHEBI:33358 cobalt group element atom group 9 elements IUPAC cobalt group element ChEBI cobalt group elements ChEBI group 10 elements chebi_ontology nickel group element nickel group elements CHEBI:33362 nickel group element atom group 10 elements IUPAC nickel group element ChEBI nickel group elements ChEBI group 11 elements chebi_ontology coinage metals copper group element copper group elements CHEBI:33366 copper group element atom group 11 elements IUPAC coinage metals ChEBI copper group element ChEBI copper group elements ChEBI chebi_ontology oxoacids of sulfur sulfur oxoacids CHEBI:33402 sulfur oxoacid oxoacids of sulfur ChEBI sulfur oxoacids ChEBI A hydracid is a compound which contains hydrogen that is not bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). hydracid chebi_ontology hydracids CHEBI:33405 hydracid hydracid IUPAC hydracids ChEBI chebi_ontology pnictogen oxoacids CHEBI:33408 pnictogen oxoacid pnictogen oxoacids ChEBI sulfur oxoacid derivative chebi_ontology sulfur oxoacid derivatives CHEBI:33424 sulfur oxoacid derivative sulfur oxoacid derivative ChEBI sulfur oxoacid derivatives ChEBI halogen oxoacid chebi_ontology halogen oxoacids CHEBI:33425 halogen oxoacid halogen oxoacid ChEBI halogen oxoacids ChEBI chlorine oxoacid chebi_ontology chlorine oxoacids CHEBI:33426 chlorine oxoacid chlorine oxoacid ChEBI chlorine oxoacids ChEBI -1 0.00000 [*-] chebi_ontology monoatomic monoanions CHEBI:33429 monoatomic monoanion monoatomic monoanions ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:33431 elemental chlorine 0 Cl 35.453 34.96885 chebi_ontology atomic chlorine CHEBI:33432 monoatomic chlorine atomic chlorine ChEBI chebi_ontology monoatomic halogens CHEBI:33433 monoatomic halogen monoatomic halogens ChEBI elemental halogen chebi_ontology elemental halogens CHEBI:33434 elemental halogen elemental halogen ChEBI elemental halogens ChEBI chlorine oxoanion chebi_ontology chlorine oxoanions CHEBI:33437 chlorine oxoanion chlorine oxoanion ChEBI chlorine oxoanions ChEBI halogen oxoanion chebi_ontology halogen oxoanions CHEBI:33443 halogen oxoanion halogen oxoanion ChEBI halogen oxoanions ChEBI Any monosaccharide containing an alcoholic hydroxy group esterified with phosphoric acid. CHEBI:15132 CHEBI:25406 CHEBI:26086 CHEBI:9320 KEGG:C00934 PMID:18186488 phospho sugar chebi_ontology monosaccharide phosphates phospho sugars phosphorylated sugar phosphorylated sugars phosphosugar phosphosugars CHEBI:33447 phospho sugar PMID:18186488 Europe PMC phospho sugar ChEBI monosaccharide phosphates ChEBI phospho sugars ChEBI phosphorylated sugar ChEBI phosphorylated sugars ChEBI phosphosugar ChEBI phosphosugars ChEBI A pnictogen oxoacid which contains phosphorus and oxygen, at least one hydrogen atom bound to oxygen, and forms an ion by the loss of one or more protons. phosphorus oxoacid chebi_ontology Oxosaeure des Phosphors oxoacids of phosphorus phosphorus oxoacids CHEBI:33457 phosphorus oxoacid phosphorus oxoacid ChEBI Oxosaeure des Phosphors ChEBI oxoacids of phosphorus ChEBI phosphorus oxoacids ChEBI pnictogen oxoanion chebi_ontology pnictogen oxoanions CHEBI:33459 pnictogen oxoanion pnictogen oxoanion ChEBI pnictogen oxoanions ChEBI phosphorus oxoanion chebi_ontology oxoanions of phosphorus phosphorus oxoanions CHEBI:33461 phosphorus oxoanion phosphorus oxoanion ChEBI oxoanions of phosphorus ChEBI phosphorus oxoanions ChEBI sulfur oxoanion chebi_ontology oxoanions of sulfur sulfur oxoanions CHEBI:33482 sulfur oxoanion sulfur oxoanion ChEBI oxoanions of sulfur ChEBI sulfur oxoanions ChEBI chalcogen oxoacid chebi_ontology chalcogen oxoacids CHEBI:33484 chalcogen oxoacid chalcogen oxoacid ChEBI chalcogen oxoacids ChEBI chalcogen oxoanion chebi_ontology chalcogen oxoanions CHEBI:33485 chalcogen oxoanion chalcogen oxoanion ChEBI chalcogen oxoanions ChEBI A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a transition element. chebi_ontology transition element molecular entities transition metal molecular entity CHEBI:33497 transition element molecular entity transition element molecular entities ChEBI transition metal molecular entity ChEBI chebi_ontology alkali metal cations CHEBI:33504 alkali metal cation alkali metal cations ChEBI An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity. CHEBI:25217 CHEBI:6788 KEGG:C00050 PMID:21784043 Wikipedia:Metal chebi_ontology elemental metal elemental metals metal element metal elements metals CHEBI:33521 metal atom PMID:21784043 Europe PMC elemental metal ChEBI elemental metals ChEBI metal element ChEBI metal elements ChEBI metals ChEBI sulfur hydride chebi_ontology hydrides of sulfur sulfur hydrides sulphur hydrides CHEBI:33535 sulfur hydride sulfur hydride ChEBI hydrides of sulfur ChEBI sulfur hydrides ChEBI sulphur hydrides ChEBI The sulfur oxoanion formed by deprotonation of sulfonic acid. -1 HO3S InChI=1S/H2O3S/c1-4(2)3/h4H,(H,1,2,3)/p-1 BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 81.07214 80.96519 [H]S([O-])(=O)=O Gmelin:971569 hydridotrioxidosulfate(1-) chebi_ontology SHO3(-) [SHO3](-) sulfonates CHEBI:33543 sulfonate Gmelin:971569 Gmelin hydridotrioxidosulfate(1-) IUPAC SHO3(-) IUPAC [SHO3](-) IUPAC sulfonates ChEBI An organic derivative of sulfonic acid in which the sulfo group is linked directly to carbon. 0 HO3SR 81.07100 80.96464 OS([*])(=O)=O chebi_ontology organosulfonic acids sulfonic acids CHEBI:33551 organosulfonic acid organosulfonic acids ChEBI sulfonic acids ChEBI sulfonic acid derivative chebi_ontology derivatives of sulfonic acid sulfonic acid derivatives CHEBI:33552 sulfonic acid derivative sulfonic acid derivative ChEBI derivatives of sulfonic acid ChEBI sulfonic acid derivatives ChEBI An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid. -1 O3SR 80.064 79.95681 *S([O-])(=O)=O chebi_ontology organosulfonate organosulfonate oxoanions organosulfonates CHEBI:33554 organosulfonate oxoanion organosulfonate ChEBI organosulfonate oxoanions ChEBI organosulfonates ChEBI An amino-acid anion obtained by deprotonation of any alpha-amino acid. alpha-amino-acid anion chebi_ontology alpha-amino acid anions alpha-amino-acid anions CHEBI:33558 alpha-amino-acid anion alpha-amino-acid anion ChEBI alpha-amino acid anions ChEBI alpha-amino-acid anions ChEBI chebi_ontology s-block element s-block elements CHEBI:33559 s-block element atom s-block element ChEBI s-block elements ChEBI Any main group element atom belonging to the p-block of the periodic table. chebi_ontology p-block element p-block elements CHEBI:33560 p-block element atom p-block element ChEBI p-block elements ChEBI chebi_ontology d-block element d-block elements CHEBI:33561 d-block element atom d-block element ChEBI d-block elements ChEBI Any compound containing an o-diphenol component. 0 C6H2O2R4 106.079 106.00548 OC1=C(O)C(*)=C(*)C(*)=C1* CHEBI:134187 CHEBI:13628 CHEBI:18862 KEGG:C15571 chebi_ontology 1,2-benzenediols a catechol benzene-1,2-diols CHEBI:33566 catechols 1,2-benzenediols ChEBI a catechol UniProt benzene-1,2-diols ChEBI 4-(2-Aminoethyl)pyrocatechol [4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol] and derivatives formed by substitution. 0 C8H9NO2R2 151.163 151.06333 CHEBI:23056 CHEBI:3468 KEGG:C02012 Catecholamine catecholamines chebi_ontology catecholamines CHEBI:33567 catecholamine Catecholamine KEGG_COMPOUND catecholamines IUPAC catecholamines ChEBI CHEBI:22705 CHEBI:22711 chebi_ontology CHEBI:33570 benzenediols A carbon oxoacid acid carrying at least one -C(=O)OH group and having the structure RC(=O)OH, where R is any any monovalent functional group. Carboxylic acids are the most common type of organic acid. 0 CHO2R 45.01740 44.99765 OC([*])=O CHEBI:13428 CHEBI:13627 CHEBI:23027 PMID:17147560 PMID:18433345 Wikipedia:Carboxylic_acid carboxylic acid carboxylic acids chebi_ontology Carbonsaeure Carbonsaeuren Karbonsaeure RC(=O)OH acide carboxylique acides carboxyliques acido carboxilico acidos carboxilicos CHEBI:33575 carboxylic acid PMID:17147560 Europe PMC PMID:18433345 Europe PMC carboxylic acid IUPAC carboxylic acids IUPAC Carbonsaeure ChEBI Carbonsaeuren ChEBI Karbonsaeure ChEBI RC(=O)OH IUPAC acide carboxylique IUPAC acides carboxyliques IUPAC acido carboxilico IUPAC acidos carboxilicos IUPAC Any carboxylic acid having a sulfur substituent. chebi_ontology S-containing carboxylic acid S-containing carboxylic acids sulfur-containing carboxylic acids CHEBI:33576 sulfur-containing carboxylic acid S-containing carboxylic acid ChEBI S-containing carboxylic acids ChEBI sulfur-containing carboxylic acids ChEBI A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table. chebi_ontology main group compounds main group molecular entities CHEBI:33579 main group molecular entity main group compounds ChEBI main group molecular entities ChEBI carbon group molecular entity chebi_ontology carbon group molecular entities CHEBI:33582 carbon group molecular entity carbon group molecular entity ChEBI carbon group molecular entities ChEBI Any molecule that consists of a series of atoms joined together to form a ring. Wikipedia:Cyclic_compound chebi_ontology cyclic compounds CHEBI:33595 cyclic compound cyclic compounds ChEBI A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of the same element only. homocyclic compound homocyclic compounds chebi_ontology isocyclic compounds CHEBI:33597 homocyclic compound homocyclic compound IUPAC homocyclic compounds IUPAC isocyclic compounds IUPAC A homocyclic compound in which all of the ring members are carbon atoms. carbocyclic compound carbocyclic compounds chebi_ontology carbocycle CHEBI:33598 carbocyclic compound carbocyclic compound IUPAC carbocyclic compounds IUPAC carbocycle ChEBI A compound having one atom as the only common member of two rings. spiro compound spiro compounds chebi_ontology spiro-fused compounds spirocycle spirocycles spirocyclic compound spirocyclic compounds spirofused compounds CHEBI:33599 spiro compound spiro compound IUPAC spiro compounds IUPAC spiro-fused compounds IUPAC spirocycle ChEBI spirocycles ChEBI spirocyclic compound ChEBI spirocyclic compounds ChEBI spirofused compounds ChEBI chebi_ontology hydrogen compounds hydrogen molecular entities CHEBI:33608 hydrogen molecular entity hydrogen compounds ChEBI hydrogen molecular entities ChEBI chebi_ontology polycyclic compounds CHEBI:33635 polycyclic compound polycyclic compounds ChEBI A molecule that features two fused rings. chebi_ontology bicyclic compounds CHEBI:33636 bicyclic compound bicyclic compounds ChEBI A polycyclic compound in which one ring contains two, and only two, atoms in common with each of two or more rings of a contiguous series of rings. Such compounds have n common faces and less than 2n common atoms. ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic compounds chebi_ontology ortho- and peri-fused compounds CHEBI:33639 ortho- and peri-fused compound ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic compounds IUPAC ortho- and peri-fused compounds ChEBI Any acyclic or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated carbon compound, excluding aromatic compounds. aliphatic compounds chebi_ontology CHEBI:33653 aliphatic compound aliphatic compounds IUPAC A cyclically conjugated molecular entity with a stability (due to delocalization) significantly greater than that of a hypothetical localized structure (e.g. Kekule structure) is said to possess aromatic character. aromatic compounds aromatic molecular entity chebi_ontology aromatics aromatische Verbindungen CHEBI:33655 aromatic compound aromatic compounds IUPAC aromatic molecular entity IUPAC aromatics ChEBI aromatische Verbindungen ChEBI Any monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. arene arenes chebi_ontology aromatic hydrocarbons CHEBI:33658 arene arene IUPAC arenes IUPAC aromatic hydrocarbons IUPAC chebi_ontology organic aromatic compounds CHEBI:33659 organic aromatic compound organic aromatic compounds ChEBI chebi_ontology monocyclic compounds CHEBI:33661 monocyclic compound monocyclic compounds ChEBI cyclic hydrocarbon chebi_ontology cyclic hydrocarbons CHEBI:33663 cyclic hydrocarbon cyclic hydrocarbon ChEBI cyclic hydrocarbons ChEBI polycyclic hydrocarbon polycyclic hydrocarbons chebi_ontology CHEBI:33666 polycyclic hydrocarbon polycyclic hydrocarbon IUPAC polycyclic hydrocarbons IUPAC heteromonocyclic compound heteromonocyclic compounds chebi_ontology CHEBI:33670 heteromonocyclic compound heteromonocyclic compound IUPAC heteromonocyclic compounds IUPAC A polycyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one non-carbon atom. heteropolycyclic compounds chebi_ontology polyheterocyclic compounds CHEBI:33671 heteropolycyclic compound heteropolycyclic compounds IUPAC polyheterocyclic compounds ChEBI A bicyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one skeletal heteroatom. heterobicyclic compounds chebi_ontology CHEBI:33672 heterobicyclic compound heterobicyclic compounds IUPAC chebi_ontology zinc group molecular entities CHEBI:33673 zinc group molecular entity zinc group molecular entities ChEBI An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element. s-block molecular entity chebi_ontology s-block compounds s-block molecular entities CHEBI:33674 s-block molecular entity s-block molecular entity ChEBI s-block compounds ChEBI s-block molecular entities ChEBI A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element. chebi_ontology p-block compounds p-block molecular entities p-block molecular entitiy CHEBI:33675 p-block molecular entity p-block compounds ChEBI p-block molecular entities ChEBI p-block molecular entitiy ChEBI A d-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a d-block element. d-block molecular entity chebi_ontology d-block compounds d-block molecular entities CHEBI:33676 d-block molecular entity d-block molecular entity ChEBI d-block compounds ChEBI d-block molecular entities ChEBI Hydrides are chemical compounds of hydrogen with other chemical elements. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33692 hydrides oxygen hydride chebi_ontology hydrides of oxygen oxygen hydrides CHEBI:33693 oxygen hydride oxygen hydride ChEBI hydrides of oxygen ChEBI oxygen hydrides ChEBI A macromolecule formed by a living organism. biopolymer chebi_ontology Biopolymere biomacromolecules biopolymers CHEBI:33694 biomacromolecule biopolymer IUPAC Biopolymere ChEBI biomacromolecules ChEBI biopolymers ChEBI chebi_ontology genetically encoded biomacromolecules genetically encoded biopolymers information biomacromolecules information biopolymers information macromolecule information macromolecules CHEBI:33695 information biomacromolecule genetically encoded biomacromolecules ChEBI genetically encoded biopolymers ChEBI information biomacromolecules ChEBI information biopolymers ChEBI information macromolecule ChEBI information macromolecules ChEBI A macromolecule made up of nucleotide units and hydrolysable into certain pyrimidine or purine bases (usually adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, uracil), D-ribose or 2-deoxy-D-ribose and phosphoric acid. nucleic acids chebi_ontology NA Nukleinsaeure Nukleinsaeuren acide nucleique acides nucleiques acido nucleico acidos nucleicos CHEBI:33696 nucleic acid nucleic acids IUPAC NA ChEBI Nukleinsaeure ChEBI Nukleinsaeuren ChEBI acide nucleique ChEBI acides nucleiques ChEBI acido nucleico ChEBI acidos nucleicos ChEBI High molecular weight, linear polymers, composed of nucleotides containing ribose and linked by phosphodiester bonds; RNA is central to the synthesis of proteins. CAS:63231-63-0 ribonucleic acid ribonucleic acids chebi_ontology RNA RNS Ribonukleinsaeure pentosenucleic acids ribonucleic acids ribose nucleic acid yeast nucleic acid CHEBI:33697 ribonucleic acid CAS:63231-63-0 ChemIDplus ribonucleic acid IUPAC ribonucleic acids IUPAC RNA IUPAC RNS ChEBI Ribonukleinsaeure ChEBI pentosenucleic acids ChemIDplus ribonucleic acids ChEBI ribose nucleic acid ChEBI yeast nucleic acid ChEBI An RNA molecule that transfers the coding information for protein synthesis from the chromosomes to the ribosomes mRNA is formed from a DNA template by transcription. It may be a copy of a single gene or of several adjacent genes (polycistronic mRNA). On the ribosome, the sequence is converted into the programmed amino acid sequence through translation. messenger RNA chebi_ontology mRNA template RNA CHEBI:33699 messenger RNA messenger RNA IUPAC mRNA IUPAC template RNA ChEBI A cation consisting of more than one atom. chebi_ontology polyatomic cations CHEBI:33702 polyatomic cation polyatomic cations ChEBI amino-acid cation chebi_ontology amino acid cation amino-acid cations CHEBI:33703 amino-acid cation amino-acid cation ChEBI amino acid cation ChEBI amino-acid cations ChEBI An amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position alpha to the carboxy group. 0 C2H4NO2R 74.05870 74.02420 NC([*])C(O)=O CHEBI:10208 CHEBI:13779 CHEBI:22442 CHEBI:2642 KEGG:C00045 KEGG:C05167 alpha-amino acid chebi_ontology Amino acid Amino acids alpha-amino acids alpha-amino carboxylic acids CHEBI:33704 alpha-amino acid alpha-amino acid IUPAC Amino acid KEGG_COMPOUND Amino acids KEGG_COMPOUND alpha-amino acids ChEBI alpha-amino acids JCBN alpha-amino carboxylic acids IUPAC A non-proteinogenic amino-acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position gamma to the carboxy group. gamma-amino acid chebi_ontology gamma-amino acids CHEBI:33707 gamma-amino acid gamma-amino acid ChEBI gamma-amino acids ChEBI When two or more amino acids combine to form a peptide, the elements of water are removed, and what remains of each amino acid is called an amino-acid residue. amino acid residue amino-acid residue protein residue chebi_ontology amino acid residue amino-acid residues CHEBI:33708 amino-acid residue When two or more amino acids combine to form a peptide, the elements of water are removed, and what remains of each amino acid is called an amino-acid residue. Dummy:dummy amino-acid residue IUPAC protein residue PRO:DAN amino acid residue ChEBI amino-acid residues JCBN A carboxylic acid containing one or more amino groups. CHEBI:13815 CHEBI:22477 Wikipedia:Amino_acid chebi_ontology Aminocarbonsaeure Aminokarbonsaeure Aminosaeure amino acids CHEBI:33709 amino acid Aminocarbonsaeure ChEBI Aminokarbonsaeure ChEBI Aminosaeure ChEBI amino acids ChEBI alpha-amino-acid cation chebi_ontology alpha-amino acid cations alpha-amino-acid cations CHEBI:33719 alpha-amino-acid cation alpha-amino-acid cation ChEBI alpha-amino acid cations ChEBI alpha-amino-acid cations ChEBI iron group molecular entity chebi_ontology iron group molecular entities CHEBI:33744 iron group molecular entity iron group molecular entity ChEBI iron group molecular entities ChEBI copper group molecular entity chebi_ontology copper group molecular entities CHEBI:33745 copper group molecular entity copper group molecular entity ChEBI copper group molecular entities ChEBI chebi_ontology canonical nucleoside residues common nucleoside residues nucleoside residue standard nucleoside residues CHEBI:33791 canonical nucleoside residue canonical nucleoside residues ChEBI common nucleoside residues CBN nucleoside residue CBN standard nucleoside residues ChEBI chebi_ontology N Nuc canonical ribonucleoside residues common ribonucleoside residue common ribonucleoside residues standard ribonucleoside residues CHEBI:33792 canonical ribonucleoside residue N CBN Nuc CBN canonical ribonucleoside residues ChEBI common ribonucleoside residue CBN common ribonucleoside residues CBN standard ribonucleoside residues ChEBI An organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom. CHEBI:64710 hydroxy compounds chebi_ontology organic alcohol organic hydroxy compounds CHEBI:33822 organic hydroxy compound hydroxy compounds IUPAC organic alcohol ChEBI organic hydroxy compounds ChEBI Any organic molecule that consists of atoms connected in the form of a ring. chebi_ontology organic cyclic compounds CHEBI:33832 organic cyclic compound organic cyclic compounds ChEBI A heterocyclic compound formally derived from an arene by replacement of one or more methine (-C=) and/or vinylene (-CH=CH-) groups by trivalent or divalent heteroatoms, respectively, in such a way as to maintain the continuous pi-electron system characteristic of aromatic systems and a number of out-of-plane pi-electrons corresponding to the Hueckel rule (4n+2). heteroarenes chebi_ontology hetarenes CHEBI:33833 heteroarene heteroarenes IUPAC hetarenes IUPAC chebi_ontology benzenoid aromatic compounds benzenoid compound CHEBI:33836 benzenoid aromatic compound benzenoid aromatic compounds ChEBI benzenoid compound ChEBI An N-glycosyl compound that has both a nucleobase, normally adenine, guanine, xanthine, thymine, cytosine or uracil, and either a ribose or deoxyribose as functional parents. 0 C5H8O3R2 116.115 116.04734 [C@H]1([C@H]([C@@H](*)[C@@H](O1)*)O)CO CHEBI:13661 CHEBI:25611 CHEBI:7647 KEGG:C00801 Nucleoside nucleosides chebi_ontology a nucleoside nucleosides CHEBI:33838 nucleoside Nucleoside KEGG_COMPOUND nucleosides IUPAC a nucleoside UniProt nucleosides ChEBI A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. Wikipedia:Macromolecule macromolecule chebi_ontology macromolecules polymer polymer molecule polymers CHEBI:33839 macromolecule macromolecule IUPAC macromolecules ChEBI polymer ChEBI polymer molecule IUPAC polymers ChEBI A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. PMID:15198916 PMID:25679824 Wikipedia:Polycyclic_aromatic_hydrocarbon chebi_ontology PAH PAHs polycyclic arenes polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons CHEBI:33848 polycyclic arene PMID:15198916 Europe PMC PMID:25679824 Europe PMC PAH ChEBI PAHs ChEBI polycyclic arenes ChEBI polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ChEBI Organic aromatic compounds having one or more hydroxy groups attached to a benzene or other arene ring. 0 C6HOR5 89.072 89.00274 C1(=C(C(=C(C(=C1*)*)*)*)*)O CHEBI:13664 CHEBI:13825 CHEBI:25969 CHEBI:2857 KEGG:C15584 MetaCyc:Phenols Wikipedia:Phenols phenols chebi_ontology Aryl alcohol a phenol arenols CHEBI:33853 phenols phenols IUPAC Aryl alcohol KEGG_COMPOUND a phenol UniProt arenols IUPAC Any aldehyde in which the carbonyl group is attached to an aromatic moiety. 0 CHOR 29.018 29.00274 *C(=O)[H] CHEBI:13819 CHEBI:22621 CHEBI:2832 CHEBI:87908 KEGG:C00193 MetaCyc:Aryl-Aldehyde arenecarbaldehyde chebi_ontology Aromatic aldehyde an aromatic aldehyde arenecarbaldehydes aryl aldehyde aryl aldehydes CHEBI:33855 arenecarbaldehyde MetaCyc:Aryl-Aldehyde SUBMITTER arenecarbaldehyde ChEBI Aromatic aldehyde KEGG_COMPOUND an aromatic aldehyde UniProt arenecarbaldehydes ChEBI aryl aldehyde ChEBI aryl aldehydes ChEBI An amino compound in which the amino group is linked directly to an aromatic system. CHEBI:13827 CHEBI:22622 CHEBI:22646 CHEBI:2834 CHEBI:2863 chebi_ontology aromatic amines aryl amine aryl amines arylamine arylamines CHEBI:33860 aromatic amine aromatic amines ChEBI aryl amine ChEBI aryl amines ChEBI arylamine ChEBI arylamines ChEBI chebi_ontology transition element coordination entities transition metal coordination compounds transition metal coordination entities CHEBI:33861 transition element coordination entity transition element coordination entities ChEBI transition metal coordination compounds ChEBI transition metal coordination entities ChEBI iron coordination entity chebi_ontology iron coordination compounds iron coordination entities CHEBI:33892 iron coordination entity iron coordination entity ChEBI iron coordination compounds ChEBI iron coordination entities ChEBI A substance used in a chemical reaction to detect, measure, examine, or produce other substances. reagent chebi_ontology reactif reactivo reagents CHEBI:33893 reagent reagent IUPAC reactif IUPAC reactivo IUPAC reagents ChEBI chebi_ontology metal-tetrapyrrole metal-tetrapyrrole complex metallotetrapyrroles CHEBI:33909 metallotetrapyrrole metal-tetrapyrrole ChEBI metal-tetrapyrrole complex ChEBI metallotetrapyrroles ChEBI A pentose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end. PMID:10723607 aldopentose chebi_ontology aldopentoses CHEBI:33916 aldopentose PMID:10723607 Europe PMC aldopentose ChEBI aldopentoses ChEBI A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end. CHEBI:2558 aldohexose chebi_ontology aldohexoses CHEBI:33917 aldohexose aldohexose ChEBI aldohexoses ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:33937 macronutrient Any aldopentose where the open-chain form has all the hydroxy groups on the same side in the Fischer projection. Occurrs in two enantiomeric forms, D- and L-ribose, of which only the former is found in nature. 0 C5H10O5 150.130 150.05282 CHEBI:26564 ribo-pentose ribose chebi_ontology Rib CHEBI:33942 ribose ribo-pentose IUPAC ribose IUPAC Rib JCBN chebi_ontology halide salts halides CHEBI:33958 halide salt halide salts ChEBI halides ChEBI silver molecular entity chebi_ontology silver compounds silver molecular entities CHEBI:33964 silver molecular entity silver molecular entity ChEBI silver compounds ChEBI silver molecular entities ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:33966 elemental silver An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions. +2 C12H14N2 InChI=1S/C12H14N2/c1-13-7-3-11(4-8-13)12-5-9-14(2)10-6-12/h3-10H,1-2H3/q+2 INFDPOAKFNIJBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 186.25304 186.11460 C[n+]1ccc(cc1)-c1cc[n+](C)cc1 Beilstein:3590305 CAS:4685-14-7 Gmelin:51125 KEGG:C14701 PMID:11349957 PMID:18620719 PMID:20377249 PMID:20582739 PMID:21236547 PMID:21300143 PMID:21318114 PMID:21429624 PMID:21493003 PMID:21598522 PMID:21616728 PMID:21619794 PMID:21619822 PMID:21750730 PMID:21777615 PMID:21787677 PMID:21802509 PPDB:505 Reaxys:3590305 1,1'-dimethyl-[4,4'-bipyridin]-1,1'-diium Paraquat chebi_ontology 1,1'-Dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridyldiylium N,N'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium N,N'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dication dimethyl viologen methyl viologen ion(2+) paraquat dication paraquat ion CHEBI:34905 paraquat Beilstein:3590305 Beilstein CAS:4685-14-7 ChemIDplus CAS:4685-14-7 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:4685-14-7 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:51125 Gmelin PMID:11349957 Europe PMC PMID:18620719 Europe PMC PMID:20377249 Europe PMC PMID:20582739 Europe PMC PMID:21236547 Europe PMC PMID:21300143 Europe PMC PMID:21318114 Europe PMC PMID:21429624 Europe PMC PMID:21493003 Europe PMC PMID:21598522 Europe PMC PMID:21616728 Europe PMC PMID:21619794 Europe PMC PMID:21619822 Europe PMC PMID:21750730 Europe PMC PMID:21777615 Europe PMC PMID:21787677 Europe PMC PMID:21802509 Europe PMC Reaxys:3590305 Reaxys 1,1'-dimethyl-[4,4'-bipyridin]-1,1'-diium IUPAC Paraquat KEGG_COMPOUND 1,1'-Dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium KEGG_COMPOUND 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridyldiylium ChemIDplus N,N'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium ChemIDplus N,N'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dication ChemIDplus dimethyl viologen ChemIDplus methyl viologen ion(2+) ChemIDplus paraquat dication ChemIDplus paraquat ion ChemIDplus An ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of serotonin; major species at pH 7.3. +1 C10H13N2O InChI=1S/C10H12N2O/c11-4-3-7-6-12-10-2-1-8(13)5-9(7)10/h1-2,5-6,12-13H,3-4,11H2/p+1 QZAYGJVTTNCVMB-UHFFFAOYSA-O 177.22250 177.10224 [NH3+]CCc1c[nH]c2ccc(O)cc12 2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethanaminium chebi_ontology serotonin serotonin cation CHEBI:350546 serotonin(1+) 2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethanaminium IUPAC serotonin UniProt serotonin cation ChEBI chebi_ontology nitrogen hydrides CHEBI:35106 nitrogen hydride nitrogen hydrides ChEBI Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2. chebi_ontology azanes CHEBI:35107 azane azanes ChEBI chebi_ontology aldose phosphates CHEBI:35131 aldose phosphate aldose phosphates ChEBI A hydrocarbon of biological origin having carbon skeleton formally derived from isoprene [CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2]. terpene terpenes chebi_ontology Terpen terpenes terpeno terpenos CHEBI:35186 terpene terpene IUPAC terpenes IUPAC Terpen ChEBI terpenes IUPAC terpeno IUPAC terpenos IUPAC A C20 terpene. diterpenes chebi_ontology Diterpen diterpenes diterpeno diterpenos CHEBI:35190 diterpene diterpenes IUPAC Diterpen ChEBI diterpenes IUPAC diterpeno IUPAC diterpenos IUPAC A substance which lowers the surface tension of the medium in which it is dissolved, and/or the interfacial tension with other phases, and, accordingly, is positively adsorbed at the liquid/vapour and/or at other interfaces. surfactant chebi_ontology surface active agent surfactants CHEBI:35195 surfactant surfactant IUPAC surface active agent IUPAC surfactants ChEBI A substance which is structurally similar to a metabolite but which competes with it or replaces it, and so prevents or reduces its normal utilization. Wikipedia:Antimetabolite antimetabolite chebi_ontology antimetabolites CHEBI:35221 antimetabolite antimetabolite IUPAC antimetabolites ChEBI A substance that diminishes the rate of a chemical reaction. inhibitor chebi_ontology inhibidor inhibiteur inhibitors CHEBI:35222 inhibitor inhibitor IUPAC inhibidor ChEBI inhibiteur ChEBI inhibitors ChEBI A fuel such as coal, oil and natural gas which has formed over many years through the decomposition of deposited vegetation which was under extreme pressure of an overburden of earth. fossil fuel chebi_ontology CHEBI:35230 fossil fuel fossil fuel IUPAC 0 C3H7NO2S InChI=1S/C3H7NO2S/c4-2(1-7)3(5)6/h2,7H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)/t2-/m0/s1 XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N 121.15922 121.01975 [NH3+][C@@H](CS)C([O-])=O Gmelin:49993 (2R)-2-ammonio-3-sulfanylpropanoate L-cysteine zwitterion chebi_ontology (2R)-2-ammonio-3-mercaptopropanoate L-cysteine CHEBI:35235 L-cysteine zwitterion Gmelin:49993 Gmelin (2R)-2-ammonio-3-sulfanylpropanoate IUPAC L-cysteine zwitterion IUPAC (2R)-2-ammonio-3-mercaptopropanoate ChEBI L-cysteine UniProt 0 C3H7NO2S InChI=1S/C3H7NO2S/c4-2(1-7)3(5)6/h2,7H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)/t2-/m1/s1 XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UWTATZPHSA-N 121.15922 121.01975 [NH3+][C@H](CS)C([O-])=O Gmelin:2352354 (2S)-2-ammonio-3-sulfanylpropanoate D-cysteine zwitterion chebi_ontology (2S)-2-ammonio-3-mercaptopropanoate D-cysteine CHEBI:35236 D-cysteine zwitterion Gmelin:2352354 Gmelin (2S)-2-ammonio-3-sulfanylpropanoate IUPAC D-cysteine zwitterion IUPAC (2S)-2-ammonio-3-mercaptopropanoate ChEBI D-cysteine UniProt 0 C3H7NO2S InChI=1S/C3H7NO2S/c4-2(1-7)3(5)6/h2,7H,1,4H2,(H,5,6) XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 121.15922 121.01975 [NH3+]C(CS)C([O-])=O Gmelin:49992 2-ammonio-3-sulfanylpropanoate cysteine zwitterion chebi_ontology (+)H3N-CH(CH2SH)-COO(-) 2-ammonio-3-mercaptopropanoate CHEBI:35237 cysteine zwitterion Gmelin:49992 Gmelin 2-ammonio-3-sulfanylpropanoate IUPAC cysteine zwitterion IUPAC (+)H3N-CH(CH2SH)-COO(-) ChEBI 2-ammonio-3-mercaptopropanoate ChEBI The zwitterionic form of an amino acid having a negatively charged carboxyl group and a positively charged amino group. amino acid zwitterion chebi_ontology CHEBI:35238 amino acid zwitterion amino acid zwitterion ChEBI A derivative of ammonium, NH4(+), in which all four of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with univalent (usually organyl) groups. +1 NR4 14.00670 14.00307 [*][N+]([*])([*])[*] CHEBI:26470 CHEBI:8693 KEGG:C06703 quaternary ammonium ion chebi_ontology Quaternary amine quaternary ammonium quaternary ammonium ions CHEBI:35267 quaternary ammonium ion quaternary ammonium ion IUPAC Quaternary amine KEGG_COMPOUND quaternary ammonium UniProt quaternary ammonium ions ChEBI Derivatives of ammonium compounds, (NH4(+))Y(-), in which all four of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with univalent (usually organyl) groups. CHEBI:26468 CHEBI:35268 quaternary ammonium compounds quaternary ammonium salt chebi_ontology quaternary ammonium compound quaternary ammonium salts CHEBI:35273 quaternary ammonium salt quaternary ammonium compounds IUPAC quaternary ammonium salt ChEBI quaternary ammonium compound ChEBI quaternary ammonium salts ChEBI A derivative of ammonium, NH4(+), in which one (or more) of the hydrogens bonded to the nitrogen have been replaced with univalent organyl groups. The substituting carbon of the organyl group must not itself be directly attached to a heteroatom (thereby excluding protonated amides, hemiaminals, etc). chebi_ontology ammonium ion derivatives ammonium ions azanium ion derivative azanium ion derivatives azanium ions CHEBI:35274 ammonium ion derivative ammonium ion derivatives ChEBI ammonium ions ChEBI azanium ion derivative ChEBI azanium ion derivatives ChEBI azanium ions ChEBI Compounds (NH4(+))Y(-) and derivatives, in which one or more of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with univalent groups. azanium compounds chebi_ontology ammonium compounds CHEBI:35276 ammonium compound azanium compounds IUPAC ammonium compounds ChEBI ammonium compounds IUPAC A choline ester formed from choline and a carboxylic acid. +1 C6H13NO2R 131.17290 131.09463 C[N+](C)(C)CCOC([*])=O CHEBI:13245 CHEBI:22227 CHEBI:2463 KEGG:C01777 chebi_ontology acylcholines an acylcholine CHEBI:35287 acylcholine acylcholines ChEBI an acylcholine UniProt chebi_ontology fused compounds fused polycyclic compounds fused-ring polycyclic compound fused-ring polycyclic compounds polycyclic fused-ring compounds CHEBI:35293 fused compound fused compounds ChEBI fused polycyclic compounds ChEBI fused-ring polycyclic compound ChEBI fused-ring polycyclic compounds ChEBI polycyclic fused-ring compounds ChEBI A polyclic compound in which all of the ring members are carbon atoms. chebi_ontology carbopolycyclic compounds CHEBI:35294 carbopolycyclic compound carbopolycyclic compounds ChEBI chebi_ontology homopolycyclic compounds CHEBI:35295 homopolycyclic compound homopolycyclic compounds ChEBI chebi_ontology ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenes CHEBI:35300 ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenes ChEBI deoxy hexoside chebi_ontology deoxy hexosides CHEBI:35315 deoxy hexoside deoxy hexoside ChEBI deoxy hexosides ChEBI A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having a hydroxy group at the 6'-position and methoxy substituents at the 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. 0 C28H38N2O4 InChI=1S/C28H38N2O4/c1-5-17-16-30-9-7-19-13-27(33-3)28(34-4)15-22(19)24(30)11-20(17)10-23-21-14-26(32-2)25(31)12-18(21)6-8-29-23/h12-15,17,20,23-24,29,31H,5-11,16H2,1-4H3/t17-,20-,23+,24-/m0/s1 DTGZHCFJNDAHEN-OZEXIGSWSA-N 466.61240 466.28316 [H][C@]1(C[C@@]2([H])NCCc3cc(O)c(OC)cc23)C[C@]2([H])N(CCc3cc(OC)c(OC)cc23)C[C@@H]1CC Beilstein:100615 CAS:483-17-0 KEGG:C09390 KNApSAcK:C00001835 LINCS:LSM-3808 PMID:11411558 PMID:11913711 PMID:11996324 PMID:12880315 PMID:13437707 PMID:18327911 PMID:20061395 PMID:20495341 PMID:21228475 PMID:2715231 PMID:6716976 Reaxys:100615 7',10,11-trimethoxyemetan-6'-ol Cephaeline chebi_ontology Cephaelin CHEBI:3533 cephaeline Beilstein:100615 Beilstein CAS:483-17-0 ChemIDplus CAS:483-17-0 KEGG COMPOUND PMID:11411558 Europe PMC PMID:11913711 Europe PMC PMID:11996324 Europe PMC PMID:12880315 Europe PMC PMID:13437707 Europe PMC PMID:18327911 Europe PMC PMID:20061395 Europe PMC PMID:20495341 Europe PMC PMID:21228475 Europe PMC PMID:2715231 Europe PMC PMID:6716976 Europe PMC Reaxys:100615 Reaxys 7',10,11-trimethoxyemetan-6'-ol IUPAC Cephaeline KEGG_COMPOUND Cephaelin ChemIDplus Any drug that enhances the activity of the central nervous system. Wikipedia:Central_nervous_system_stimulants central nervous system stimulant chebi_ontology CNS stimulant analeptic analeptic agent analeptic drug analeptics central stimulant CHEBI:35337 central nervous system stimulant central nervous system stimulant ChEBI CNS stimulant ChEBI analeptic ChEBI analeptic agent ChEBI analeptic drug ChEBI analeptics ChEBI central stimulant ChEBI Any of naturally occurring compounds and synthetic analogues, based on the cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene carbon skeleton, partially or completely hydrogenated; there are usually methyl groups at C-10 and C-13, and often an alkyl group at C-17. By extension, one or more bond scissions, ring expansions and/or ring contractions of the skeleton may have occurred. Natural steroids are derived biogenetically from squalene, so may be considered as triterpenoids. 0 C19H31R 259.450 259.24258 C12C(C3C(C(CC3)*)(C)CC1)CCC4C2(CCCC4)C CHEBI:13687 CHEBI:26768 CHEBI:9263 KEGG:C00377 MetaCyc:Steroids Steroid steroids chebi_ontology a steroid CHEBI:35341 steroid Steroid KEGG_COMPOUND steroids IUPAC a steroid UniProt CHEBI:24748 CHEBI:5814 KEGG:C02159 chebi_ontology Hydroxysteroid hydroxy steroids hydroxysteroids CHEBI:35350 hydroxy steroid Hydroxysteroid KEGG_COMPOUND hydroxy steroids ChEBI hydroxysteroids ChEBI Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond. organonitrogen compounds chebi_ontology organonitrogens CHEBI:35352 organonitrogen compound organonitrogen compounds IUPAC organonitrogens ChEBI An imide in which the two acyl substituents on nitrogen are carboacyl groups. 0 C2NO2R3 70.027 69.99290 [*]N(C([*])=O)C([*])=O chebi_ontology dicarboximides CHEBI:35356 dicarboximide dicarboximides ChEBI Any aliphatic monocarboxylic acid derived from or contained in esterified form in an animal or vegetable fat, oil or wax. 0 CHO2R 45.01740 44.99765 OC([*])=O CHEBI:13633 CHEBI:24024 CHEBI:4984 KEGG:C00162 PMID:14287444 PMID:14300208 PMID:14328676 Wikipedia:Fatty_acid Fatty acid fatty acids chebi_ontology Fettsaeure Fettsaeuren acide gras acides gras acido graso acidos grasos fatty acids CHEBI:35366 fatty acid PMID:14287444 Europe PMC PMID:14300208 Europe PMC PMID:14328676 Europe PMC Fatty acid KEGG_COMPOUND fatty acids IUPAC Fettsaeure ChEBI Fettsaeuren ChEBI acide gras ChEBI acides gras ChemIDplus acido graso ChEBI acidos grasos ChEBI fatty acids ChEBI chebi_ontology thiocarboxylates thiocarboxylic acid anions CHEBI:35367 thiocarboxylic acid anion thiocarboxylates ChEBI thiocarboxylic acid anions ChEBI Parent monosaccharides are polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H or polyhydroxy ketones H-[CHOH]n-C(=O)[CHOH]m-H with three or more carbon atoms. The generic term 'monosaccharide' (as opposed to oligosaccharide or polysaccharide) denotes a single unit, without glycosidic connection to other such units. It includes aldoses, dialdoses, aldoketoses, ketoses and diketoses, as well as deoxy sugars, provided that the parent compound has a (potential) carbonyl group. CHEBI:25407 CHEBI:6984 KEGG:C06698 Monosaccharide monosaccharides chebi_ontology Monosaccharid Monosacharid monosacarido monosacaridos CHEBI:35381 monosaccharide Monosaccharide KEGG_COMPOUND monosaccharides IUPAC Monosaccharid ChEBI Monosacharid ChEBI monosacarido ChEBI monosacaridos IUPAC An oxoanion is an anion derived from an oxoacid by loss of hydron(s) bound to oxygen. CHEBI:33274 CHEBI:33436 oxoanion chebi_ontology oxoacid anions oxoanions CHEBI:35406 oxoanion oxoanion ChEBI oxoacid anions ChEBI oxoanions ChEBI A substance used in the prophylaxis or therapy of infectious diseases. chebi_ontology anti-infective agents anti-infective drugs antiinfective agents antiinfective drug CHEBI:35441 antiinfective agent anti-infective agents ChEBI anti-infective drugs ChEBI antiinfective agents ChEBI antiinfective drug ChEBI A substance used to treat or prevent parasitic infections. Wikipedia:Antiparasitic chebi_ontology antiparasitic drugs antiparasitics parasiticides CHEBI:35442 antiparasitic agent antiparasitic drugs ChEBI antiparasitics ChEBI parasiticides ChEBI Substance intended to kill parasitic worms (helminths). anthelminthic chebi_ontology anthelminthics anthelmintic anthelmintics antihelminth antihelmintico vermifuge CHEBI:35443 anthelminthic drug anthelminthic IUPAC anthelminthics ChEBI anthelmintic IUPAC anthelmintics ChEBI antihelminth ChEBI antihelmintico ChEBI vermifuge ChEBI A substance used in the treatment or control of nematode infestations. chebi_ontology antinematodal agent antinematodal drugs antinematodals CHEBI:35444 antinematodal drug antinematodal agent ChEBI antinematodal drugs ChEBI antinematodals ChEBI Antidepressants are mood-stimulating drugs used primarily in the treatment of affective disorders and related conditions. chebi_ontology antidepressant drugs antidepressants thymoanaleptics thymoleptic drugs thymoleptics CHEBI:35469 antidepressant antidepressant drugs ChEBI antidepressants ChEBI thymoanaleptics ChEBI thymoleptic drugs ChEBI thymoleptics ChEBI A class of drugs producing both physiological and psychological effects through a variety of mechanisms involving the central nervous system. chebi_ontology CNS agent CNS drugs central nervous system agents CHEBI:35470 central nervous system drug CNS agent ChEBI CNS drugs ChEBI central nervous system agents ChEBI A loosely defined grouping of drugs that have effects on psychological function. Wikipedia:Psychotropic_drug chebi_ontology psychoactive agent psychoactive drugs psychopharmaceuticals psychotropic drugs CHEBI:35471 psychotropic drug psychoactive agent ChEBI psychoactive drugs ChEBI psychopharmaceuticals ChEBI psychotropic drugs ChEBI A traditional grouping of drugs said to have a soothing or calming effect on mood, thought or behaviour. chebi_ontology ataractics tranquilising drug tranquilizing drugs tranquillising agent tranquillizing agents CHEBI:35473 tranquilizing drug ataractics ChEBI tranquilising drug ChEBI tranquilizing drugs ChEBI tranquillising agent ChEBI tranquillizing agents ChEBI Anxiolytic drugs are agents that alleviate anxiety, tension, and anxiety disorders, promote sedation, and have a calming effect without affecting clarity of consciousness or neurologic conditions. chebi_ontology anti-anxiety agents anti-anxiety drugs anxiolytic agents anxiolytics minor tranquilisers minor tranquilizers minor tranquilizing agents CHEBI:35474 anxiolytic drug anti-anxiety agents ChEBI anti-anxiety drugs ChEBI anxiolytic agents ChEBI anxiolytics ChEBI minor tranquilisers ChEBI minor tranquilizers ChEBI minor tranquilizing agents ChEBI Antipsychotic drugs are agents that control agitated psychotic behaviour, alleviate acute psychotic states, reduce psychotic symptoms, and exert a quieting effect. chebi_ontology Neuroleptikum antipsychotic agents antipsychotic drug antipsychotic drugs antipsychotics antipsychotiques grosser Tranquilizer major tranquilizers major tranquilizing agents neuroleptic neuroleptic agents neuroleptics neuroleptique neuroleptiques CHEBI:35476 antipsychotic agent Neuroleptikum ChEBI antipsychotic agents ChEBI antipsychotic drug ChEBI antipsychotic drugs ChEBI antipsychotics ChEBI antipsychotiques ChEBI grosser Tranquilizer ChEBI major tranquilizers ChEBI major tranquilizing agents ChEBI neuroleptic ChEBI neuroleptic agents ChEBI neuroleptics ChEBI neuroleptique ChEBI neuroleptiques ChEBI chebi_ontology alkali metal salts CHEBI:35479 alkali metal salt alkali metal salts ChEBI An agent capable of relieving pain without the loss of consciousness or without producing anaesthesia. In addition, analgesic is a role played by a compound which is exhibited by a capability to cause a reduction of pain symptoms. chebi_ontology CHEBI:35480 analgesic A drug that has principally analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory actions. Non-narcotic analgesics do not bind to opioid receptors. chebi_ontology CHEBI:35481 non-narcotic analgesic A loosely defined group of drugs that tend to reduce the activity of the central nervous system. chebi_ontology CNS depressants central nervous system depressants CHEBI:35488 central nervous system depressant CNS depressants ChEBI central nervous system depressants ChEBI An agent that promotes the excretion of urine through its effects on kidney function. chebi_ontology diuretics CHEBI:35498 diuretic diuretics ChEBI chebi_ontology alkaloid fundamental parents CHEBI:35506 alkaloid fundamental parent alkaloid fundamental parents ChEBI natural product fundamental parents chebi_ontology CHEBI:35507 natural product fundamental parent natural product fundamental parents IUPAC An agent that selectively binds to and activates beta-adrenergic receptors. chebi_ontology beta-adrenergic agonists beta-adrenergic receptor agonist beta-adrenoceptor agonists CHEBI:35522 beta-adrenergic agonist beta-adrenergic agonists ChEBI beta-adrenergic receptor agonist ChEBI beta-adrenoceptor agonists IUPHAR A drug that mimics the effects of stimulating postganglionic adrenergic sympathetic nerves. Included in this class are drugs that directly stimulate adrenergic receptors and drugs that act indirectly by provoking the release of adrenergic transmitters. chebi_ontology sympathomimetic sympathomimetics CHEBI:35524 sympathomimetic agent sympathomimetic ChEBI sympathomimetics ChEBI 0 C10H8N2 156.184 156.06875 bipyridine chebi_ontology Bipyridin bipyridyl CHEBI:35545 bipyridine bipyridine IUPAC Bipyridin ChEBI bipyridyl IUPAC heterocyclic parent hydrides chebi_ontology heterocyclic fundamental parent heterocyclic organic fundamental parents organic heterocyclic fundamental parents CHEBI:35552 heterocyclic organic fundamental parent heterocyclic parent hydrides IUPAC heterocyclic fundamental parent ChEBI heterocyclic organic fundamental parents ChEBI organic heterocyclic fundamental parents ChEBI A drug that affects the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter or blood volume. chebi_ontology cardiovascular agent cardiovascular drugs CHEBI:35554 cardiovascular drug cardiovascular agent ChEBI cardiovascular drugs ChEBI chebi_ontology mancude organic heteromonocyclic parents mancude-ring organic heteromonocyclic parents CHEBI:35555 mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent mancude organic heteromonocyclic parents ChEBI mancude-ring organic heteromonocyclic parents ChEBI Any molecular entity that consists of a ring having (formally) the maximum number of noncumulative double bonds. mancude-ring systems chebi_ontology mancude rings mancunide-ring systems CHEBI:35568 mancude ring mancude-ring systems IUPAC mancude rings ChEBI mancunide-ring systems IUPAC chebi_ontology mancude organic heterobicyclic parents mancude-ring organic heterobicyclic parents CHEBI:35570 mancude organic heterobicyclic parent mancude organic heterobicyclic parents ChEBI mancude-ring organic heterobicyclic parents ChEBI chebi_ontology mancude organic heterocyclic parents mancude-ring organic heterocyclic parents CHEBI:35571 mancude organic heterocyclic parent mancude organic heterocyclic parents ChEBI mancude-ring organic heterocyclic parents ChEBI chebi_ontology organic mancude parents organic mancude-ring parents CHEBI:35573 organic mancude parent organic mancude parents ChEBI organic mancude-ring parents ChEBI A heterobicyclic aromatic organic compound comprising a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring; the parent compound of the purines. 0 C5H4N4 120.112 120.04360 HMDB:HMDB0001366 KEGG:C15587 MetaCyc:PURINE PMID:12865945 PMID:24088627 purine chebi_ontology CHEBI:35584 purine PMID:12865945 Europe PMC PMID:24088627 Europe PMC purine IUPAC The 1H-tautomer of purine. 0 C5H4N4 InChI=1S/C5H4N4/c1-4-5(8-2-6-1)9-3-7-4/h1-3H,(H,6,7,8,9) KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 120.11210 120.04360 c1nc2c[nH]cnc2n1 Gmelin:2379911 1H-purine chebi_ontology CHEBI:35586 1H-purine Gmelin:2379911 Gmelin 1H-purine ChEBI The 3H-tautomer of purine. 0 C5H4N4 InChI=1S/C5H4N4/c1-4-5(8-2-6-1)9-3-7-4/h1-3H,(H,6,7,8,9) KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 120.11222 120.04360 c1nc2cnc[nH]c2n1 PMID:6149478 PMID:7178185 PMID:7296170 Reaxys:1210196 3H-purine chebi_ontology CHEBI:35588 3H-purine PMID:6149478 Europe PMC PMID:7178185 Europe PMC PMID:7296170 Europe PMC Reaxys:1210196 Reaxys 3H-purine IUPAC The 9H-tautomer of purine. 0 C5H4N4 InChI=1S/C5H4N4/c1-4-5(8-2-6-1)9-3-7-4/h1-3H,(H,6,7,8,9) KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 120.11222 120.04360 c1ncc2nc[nH]c2n1 Beilstein:606899 CAS:120-73-0 Gmelin:3120 Wikipedia:Purine 9H-purine chebi_ontology CHEBI:35589 9H-purine Beilstein:606899 Beilstein CAS:120-73-0 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:3120 Gmelin 9H-purine IUPAC 9H-purine UniProt A negative ion consisting solely of carbon and oxygen atoms, and therefore having the general formula CxOy(n-) for some integers x, y and n. carbon oxoanion chebi_ontology carbon oxoanions oxocarbon anion oxocarbon anions CHEBI:35604 carbon oxoanion carbon oxoanion ChEBI carbon oxoanions ChEBI oxocarbon anion ChEBI oxocarbon anions ChEBI chebi_ontology carbon oxoacids oxoacids of carbon CHEBI:35605 carbon oxoacid carbon oxoacids ChEBI oxoacids of carbon ChEBI A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms. chebi_ontology anticancer agent anticancer agents antineoplastic antineoplastic agents cytostatic CHEBI:35610 antineoplastic agent anticancer agent ChEBI anticancer agents ChEBI antineoplastic ChEBI antineoplastic agents ChEBI cytostatic ChEBI Any ether in which the oxygen is attached to at least one aryl substituent. chebi_ontology CHEBI:35618 aromatic ether A drug used to cause dilation of the blood vessels. chebi_ontology vasodilator vasodilator agents CHEBI:35620 vasodilator agent vasodilator ChEBI vasodilator agents ChEBI A drug used to prevent seizures or reduce their severity. chebi_ontology Antiepileptika Antiepileptikum Antikonvulsiva Antikonvulsivum anti-convulsant anti-convulsants anti-convulsive agent anti-convulsive agents anticonvulsants anticonvulsive agent anticonvulsive agents antiepileptic antiepileptics antiepileptique antiepileptiques CHEBI:35623 anticonvulsant Antiepileptika ChEBI Antiepileptikum ChEBI Antikonvulsiva ChEBI Antikonvulsivum ChEBI anti-convulsant ChEBI anti-convulsants ChEBI anti-convulsive agent ChEBI anti-convulsive agents ChEBI anticonvulsants ChEBI anticonvulsive agent ChEBI anticonvulsive agents ChEBI antiepileptic ChEBI antiepileptics ChEBI antiepileptique ChEBI antiepileptiques ChEBI Adrenergic uptake inhibitors are drugs that block the transport of adrenergic transmitters into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. The tricyclic antidepressants and amphetamines are among the therapeutically important drugs that may act via inhibition of adrenergic transport. Many of these drugs also block transport of serotonin. chebi_ontology ARI NERI NRI adrenergic reuptake inhibitor adrenergic reuptake inhibitors adrenergic uptake inhibitors norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors CHEBI:35640 adrenergic uptake inhibitor ARI ChEBI NERI ChEBI NRI ChEBI adrenergic reuptake inhibitor ChEBI adrenergic reuptake inhibitors ChEBI adrenergic uptake inhibitors ChEBI norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor ChEBI norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors ChEBI chebi_ontology terpenoid fundamental parents CHEBI:35662 terpenoid fundamental parent terpenoid fundamental parents ChEBI A drug that binds to and activates histamine receptors. Although they have been suggested for a variety of clinical applications, histamine agonists have so far been more widely used in research than therapeutically. chebi_ontology histamine agonists CHEBI:35678 histamine agonist histamine agonists ChEBI A secondary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has two other carbon atoms attached to it. 0 CH2OR2 30.026 30.01056 *C(*)O CHEBI:13425 CHEBI:13686 CHEBI:26617 CHEBI:58662 CHEBI:8741 CHEBI:9077 KEGG:C00432 KEGG:C01612 Secondary alcohol chebi_ontology R-CHOH-R' a secondary alcohol secondary alcohols CHEBI:35681 secondary alcohol Secondary alcohol KEGG_COMPOUND R-CHOH-R' KEGG_COMPOUND a secondary alcohol UniProt secondary alcohols ChEBI Any organic sulfide in which the sulfur is attached to at least one aromatic group. aryl sulfide chebi_ontology aryl sulfides CHEBI:35683 aryl sulfide aryl sulfide ChEBI aryl sulfides ChEBI A compound formally derived from an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l > 0) and an alcohol, phenol, heteroarenol, or enol by linking with formal loss of water from an acidic hydroxy group of the former and a hydroxy group of the latter. CHEBI:23960 CHEBI:4859 KEGG:C00287 Wikipedia:Ester Ester chebi_ontology esters CHEBI:35701 ester Ester KEGG_COMPOUND esters ChEBI An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups. 0 C4H10O InChI=1S/C4H10O/c1-3-5-4-2/h3-4H2,1-2H3 RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 74.12160 74.07316 CCOCC CHEBI:23991 CHEBI:31565 Beilstein:1696894 CAS:60-29-7 Drug_Central:4417 Gmelin:25444 KEGG:C13240 KEGG:D01772 PMID:24443836 Reaxys:1696894 Wikipedia:Diethyl_ether 1,1'-oxydiethane Diethyl ether chebi_ontology 1,1'-oxybisethane 3-oxapentane Aether Anesthetic ether Diethylaether Ether Pronarcol R-610 aether aether pro narcosi diethyl oxide ethoxyethane ethyl ether ethyl oxide CHEBI:35702 diethyl ether Beilstein:1696894 Beilstein CAS:60-29-7 ChemIDplus CAS:60-29-7 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:60-29-7 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:4417 DrugCentral Gmelin:25444 Gmelin PMID:24443836 Europe PMC Reaxys:1696894 Reaxys 1,1'-oxydiethane IUPAC Diethyl ether KEGG_COMPOUND 1,1'-oxybisethane ChemIDplus 3-oxapentane ChemIDplus Aether ChEBI Anesthetic ether KEGG_COMPOUND Diethylaether ChEBI Ether KEGG_COMPOUND Pronarcol NIST_Chemistry_WebBook R-610 ChEBI aether NIST_Chemistry_WebBook aether pro narcosi ChEBI diethyl oxide ChemIDplus ethoxyethane ChemIDplus ethyl ether ChemIDplus ethyl oxide ChemIDplus A xenobiotic (Greek, xenos "foreign"; bios "life") is a compound that is foreign to a living organism. Principal xenobiotics include: drugs, carcinogens and various compounds that have been introduced into the environment by artificial means. CHEBI:10074 CHEBI:27333 KEGG:C06708 Wikipedia:Xenobiotic Xenobiotic xenobiotic xenobiotics chebi_ontology xenobiotic compounds CHEBI:35703 xenobiotic Xenobiotic KEGG_COMPOUND xenobiotic IUPAC xenobiotics IUPAC xenobiotic compounds ChEBI An agent that suppresses immune function by one of several mechanisms of action. Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Others may act through activation of T-cells or by inhibiting the activation of helper cells. In addition, an immunosuppressive agent is a role played by a compound which is exhibited by a capability to diminish the extent and/or voracity of an immune response. chebi_ontology immunosuppressant immunosuppressive agents inmunosupresor CHEBI:35705 immunosuppressive agent immunosuppressant ChEBI immunosuppressive agents ChEBI inmunosupresor ChEBI A central nervous system depressant used to induce drowsiness or sleep or to reduce psychological excitement or anxiety. chebi_ontology hypnotics hypnotics and sedatives sedative drug sedatives sedatives and hypnotics CHEBI:35717 sedative hypnotics ChEBI hypnotics and sedatives ChEBI sedative drug ChEBI sedatives ChEBI sedatives and hypnotics ChEBI An antimicrobial agent that destroys fungi by suppressing their ability to grow or reproduce. chebi_ontology antifungal antifungal agents antifungal drug antifungal drugs antifungals CHEBI:35718 antifungal agent antifungal ChEBI antifungal agents ChEBI antifungal drug ChEBI antifungal drugs ChEBI antifungals ChEBI Compounds in which one oxygen of a carboxy group has been replaced by divalent sulfur; RC(=O)SH or RC(=S)OH. monothiocarboxylic acid monothiocarboxylic acids chebi_ontology monothiocarboxylic acids thio acid CHEBI:35737 monothiocarboxylic acid monothiocarboxylic acid ChEBI monothiocarboxylic acids IUPAC monothiocarboxylic acids ChEBI thio acid ChEBI Any member of the group of lipids containing a common glycerol backbone to which at least one fatty acid-derived group is attached. PMID:18606873 chebi_ontology glycerolipids CHEBI:35741 glycerolipid PMID:18606873 Europe PMC glycerolipids ChEBI A carboxylic acid anion formed when the carboxy group of a monocarboxylic acid is deprotonated. -1 CO2R 44.01000 43.98983 [O-]C([*])=O CHEBI:13657 CHEBI:25382 CHEBI:3407 KEGG:C00060 chebi_ontology Carboxylate Monocarboxylate a monocarboxylate monocarboxylates monocarboxylic acid anions CHEBI:35757 monocarboxylic acid anion Carboxylate KEGG_COMPOUND Monocarboxylate KEGG_COMPOUND a monocarboxylate UniProt monocarboxylates ChEBI monocarboxylic acid anions ChEBI arsenic oxoanion chebi_ontology arsenic oxoanions oxoanions of arsenic CHEBI:35776 arsenic oxoanion arsenic oxoanion ChEBI arsenic oxoanions ChEBI oxoanions of arsenic ChEBI A phosphorus oxoanion that is the conjugate base of phosphoric acid. chebi_ontology Pi phosphate phosphate ions CHEBI:35780 phosphate ion Pi ChEBI phosphate ChEBI phosphate ions ChEBI An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom. oxazole chebi_ontology oxazoles CHEBI:35790 oxazole oxazole ChEBI oxazoles ChEBI Any antimicrobial drug which is used to treat or prevent protozoal infections. Wikipedia:Antiprotozoal_agent chebi_ontology antiprotozoal agent antiprotozoal agents antiprotozoal drugs CHEBI:35820 antiprotozoal drug antiprotozoal agent ChEBI antiprotozoal agents ChEBI antiprotozoal drugs ChEBI A drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. chebi_ontology anti-rheumatic drugs antirheumatic agent antirheumatic drugs CHEBI:35842 antirheumatic drug anti-rheumatic drugs ChEBI antirheumatic agent ChEBI antirheumatic drugs ChEBI chebi_ontology imidazopyrimidines CHEBI:35875 imidazopyrimidine imidazopyrimidines ChEBI pnictogen hydride chebi_ontology pnictogen hydrides CHEBI:35881 pnictogen hydride pnictogen hydride ChEBI pnictogen hydrides ChEBI A pentenoic acid having the double bond at position 2. 0 C5H8O2 InChI=1S/C5H8O2/c1-2-3-4-5(6)7/h3-4H,2H2,1H3,(H,6,7) YIYBQIKDCADOSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 100.11582 100.05243 [H]C(CC)=CC(O)=O CAS:626-98-2 LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMFA01030005 Reaxys:1720310 pent-2-enoic acid chebi_ontology 2-pentenoic acid C5:1, n-3 Pent-2-ensaeure Propylidenessigsaeure alpha-Butylen-alpha-carbonsaeure alpha-pentenoic acid alpha.beta-Pentensaeure beta-Aethyl-acrylsaeure beta-Aethylacrylsaeure beta-ethyl acrylic acid CHEBI:35939 pent-2-enoic acid CAS:626-98-2 ChemIDplus CAS:626-98-2 NIST Chemistry WebBook LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMFA01030005 LIPID MAPS Reaxys:1720310 Reaxys pent-2-enoic acid IUPAC 2-pentenoic acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook C5:1, n-3 ChEBI Pent-2-ensaeure ChEBI Propylidenessigsaeure ChEBI alpha-Butylen-alpha-carbonsaeure ChEBI alpha-pentenoic acid ChEBI alpha.beta-Pentensaeure ChEBI beta-Aethyl-acrylsaeure ChEBI beta-Aethylacrylsaeure ChEBI beta-ethyl acrylic acid LIPID_MAPS A substance used for its pharmacological action on any aspect of neurotransmitter systems. Neurotransmitter agents include agonists, antagonists, degradation inhibitors, uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function. chebi_ontology neurotransmitter agents CHEBI:35942 neurotransmitter agent neurotransmitter agents ChEBI Any amino acid carrying two amino groups. chebi_ontology CHEBI:35987 diamino acid A drug used to treat or prevent microbial infections. chebi_ontology antimicrobial drugs CHEBI:36043 antimicrobial drug antimicrobial drugs ChEBI chebi_ontology inorganic chloride salt inorganic chloride salts inorganic chlorides CHEBI:36093 inorganic chloride inorganic chloride salt ChEBI inorganic chloride salts ChEBI inorganic chlorides ChEBI macrocyclic tetrapyrroles chebi_ontology cyclic tetrapyrroles macrocyclic tetrapyrrole CHEBI:36309 cyclic tetrapyrrole macrocyclic tetrapyrroles IUPAC cyclic tetrapyrroles ChEBI macrocyclic tetrapyrrole ChEBI Any glycerophospholipid having the polar alcohol inositol esterified to the phosphate group at the sn-3 position of the glycerol backbone. CHEBI:26040 CHEBI:35770 PMID:14706866 chebi_ontology GPI glycerophosphoinositols CHEBI:36315 glycerophosphoinositol PMID:14706866 Europe PMC GPI ChEBI glycerophosphoinositols ChEBI Lepton is a fermion that does not experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek lambdaepsilonpitauomicronsigma (small, thin). chebi_ontology leptons CHEBI:36338 lepton leptons ChEBI Baryon is a fermion that does experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek betaalpharhoupsilonsigma (heavy). chebi_ontology baryons CHEBI:36339 baryon baryons ChEBI Particle of half-integer spin quantum number following Fermi-Dirac statistics. Fermions are named after Enrico Fermi. fermion chebi_ontology fermions CHEBI:36340 fermion fermion IUPAC fermions ChEBI A particle smaller than an atom. chebi_ontology subatomic particles CHEBI:36342 subatomic particle subatomic particles ChEBI A subatomic particle known to have substructure (i.e. consisting of smaller particles). chebi_ontology composite particles CHEBI:36343 composite particle composite particles ChEBI Hadron is a subatomic particle which experiences the strong force. chebi_ontology hadrons CHEBI:36344 hadron hadrons ChEBI A nucleus or any of its constituents in any of their energy states. nuclear particle chebi_ontology CHEBI:36347 nuclear particle nuclear particle IUPAC Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom. chebi_ontology polyatomic entities CHEBI:36357 polyatomic entity polyatomic entities ChEBI An ion consisting of more than one atom. chebi_ontology polyatomic ions CHEBI:36358 polyatomic ion polyatomic ions ChEBI phosphorus oxoacid derivative chebi_ontology CHEBI:36359 phosphorus oxoacid derivative phosphorus oxoacid derivative ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:36360 phosphorus oxoacids and derivatives An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis. 0 C18H26ClN3 InChI=1S/C18H26ClN3/c1-4-22(5-2)12-6-7-14(3)21-17-10-11-20-18-13-15(19)8-9-16(17)18/h8-11,13-14H,4-7,12H2,1-3H3,(H,20,21) WHTVZRBIWZFKQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 319.87200 319.18153 CCN(CC)CCCC(C)Nc1ccnc2cc(Cl)ccc12 Beilstein:482809 CAS:54-05-7 DrugBank:DB00608 Drug_Central:607 Gmelin:781126 HMDB:HMDB0014746 KEGG:C07625 KEGG:D02366 LINCS:LSM-1901 PDBeChem:CLQ PMID:11198399 PMID:17594118 PMID:18052874 PMID:19426658 PMID:23288916 PMID:23580861 PMID:23635029 PMID:23644906 PMID:23706562 PMID:23852712 PMID:23891850 PMID:25285162 Patent:DE683692 Patent:US2233970 Reaxys:482809 Wikipedia:Chloroquine Chloroquine N(4)-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)-N(1),N(1)-diethylpentane-1,4-diamine chebi_ontology Aralen Artrichin Bemaphate Capquin Chlorochin N(4)-(7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)-N(1),N(1)-diethyl-1,4-pentanediamine Nivaquine B Resoquine Reumachlor Sanoquin chloroquine chloroquinum cloroquina CHEBI:3638 chloroquine Beilstein:482809 Beilstein CAS:54-05-7 ChemIDplus CAS:54-05-7 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:54-05-7 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:607 DrugCentral Gmelin:781126 Gmelin PMID:11198399 Europe PMC PMID:17594118 Europe PMC PMID:18052874 Europe PMC PMID:19426658 Europe PMC PMID:23288916 Europe PMC PMID:23580861 Europe PMC PMID:23635029 Europe PMC PMID:23644906 Europe PMC PMID:23706562 Europe PMC PMID:23852712 Europe PMC PMID:23891850 Europe PMC PMID:25285162 Europe PMC Reaxys:482809 Reaxys Chloroquine KEGG_COMPOUND N(4)-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)-N(1),N(1)-diethylpentane-1,4-diamine IUPAC Aralen DrugBank Artrichin DrugBank Bemaphate DrugBank Capquin DrugBank Chlorochin ChemIDplus N(4)-(7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)-N(1),N(1)-diethyl-1,4-pentanediamine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Nivaquine B DrugBank Resoquine DrugBank Reumachlor DrugBank Sanoquin DrugBank chloroquine ChemIDplus chloroquine WHO_MedNet chloroquinum ChemIDplus cloroquina ChemIDplus 0 C25H32N2 InChI=1S/C25H32N2/c1-2-18-17-27-14-12-20-8-4-6-10-23(20)25(27)16-21(18)15-24-22-9-5-3-7-19(22)11-13-26-24/h3-10,18,21,24-26H,2,11-17H2,1H3/t18-,21-,24+,25-/m0/s1 KSQYVPHTTWSOHG-CKBKHPSWSA-N 360.53506 360.25655 [H][C@]1(C[C@@]2([H])NCCc3ccccc23)C[C@]2([H])N(CCc3ccccc23)C[C@@H]1CC emetan chebi_ontology CHEBI:36380 emetan emetan IUPAC chebi_ontology mancude organic heterotricyclic parents mancude-ring organic heterotricyclic parents CHEBI:36416 mancude organic heterotricyclic parent mancude organic heterotricyclic parents ChEBI mancude-ring organic heterotricyclic parents ChEBI Any compound containing the carbonyl group, C=O. The term is commonly used in the restricted sense of aldehydes and ketones, although it actually includes carboxylic acids and derivatives. carbonyl compounds chebi_ontology CHEBI:36586 carbonyl compound carbonyl compounds IUPAC Organic compounds containing an oxygen atom, =O, doubly bonded to carbon or another element. oxo compounds chebi_ontology organic oxo compounds CHEBI:36587 organic oxo compound oxo compounds IUPAC organic oxo compounds ChEBI An organochlorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chlorine bond. Wikipedia:Organochloride organochlorine compound chebi_ontology chloroorganic compounds chlororganische Verbindungen organochloride compound organochloride compounds organochlorine compounds CHEBI:36683 organochlorine compound organochlorine compound ChEBI chloroorganic compounds ChEBI chlororganische Verbindungen ChEBI organochloride compound ChEBI organochloride compounds ChEBI organochlorine compounds ChEBI A compound containing at least one carbon-halogen bond. chebi_ontology organohalogen compounds CHEBI:36684 organohalogen compound organohalogen compounds ChEBI heterotricyclic compound heterotricyclic compounds chebi_ontology heterotricyclic compounds CHEBI:36688 heterotricyclic compound heterotricyclic compound ChEBI heterotricyclic compounds IUPAC heterotricyclic compounds ChEBI Any member of the class of quinolines in which the quinoline skeleton is substituted by one or more amino or substituted-amino groups. aminoquinoline chebi_ontology aminoquinolines CHEBI:36709 aminoquinoline aminoquinoline ChEBI aminoquinolines ChEBI A fluorohydrocarbon that is fluoroform in which the hydrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. 0 C7H5F3 InChI=1S/C7H5F3/c8-7(9,10)6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5H GETTZEONDQJALK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 146.10980 146.03433 FC(F)(F)c1ccccc1 Beilstein:1906908 CAS:98-08-8 Gmelin:3670 PMID:11671431 PMID:20958547 PMID:24267073 PMID:24669762 Reaxys:1906908 (trifluoromethyl)benzene chebi_ontology C6H5CF3 CF3Ph PhCF3 alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluorotoluene benzotrifluoride omega-trifluorotoluene phenylfluoroform trifluoromethylbenzene CHEBI:36810 (trifluoromethyl)benzene Beilstein:1906908 ChemIDplus CAS:98-08-8 ChemIDplus CAS:98-08-8 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:3670 Gmelin PMID:11671431 Europe PMC PMID:20958547 Europe PMC PMID:24267073 Europe PMC PMID:24669762 Europe PMC Reaxys:1906908 Reaxys (trifluoromethyl)benzene IUPAC C6H5CF3 ChEBI CF3Ph ChEBI PhCF3 ChEBI alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluorotoluene NIST_Chemistry_WebBook benzotrifluoride ChemIDplus omega-trifluorotoluene NIST_Chemistry_WebBook phenylfluoroform NIST_Chemistry_WebBook trifluoromethylbenzene ChemIDplus Two or more cyclic systems (single rings or fused systems) which are directly joined to each other by double or single bonds are named ring assemblies when the number of such direct ring junctions is one less than the number of cyclic systems involved. ring assemblies ring assembly chebi_ontology CHEBI:36820 ring assembly ring assemblies IUPAC ring assembly IUPAC pseudohalide ions chebi_ontology pseudohalide anions pseudohalides pseudohalogen anion pseudohalogen ion CHEBI:36828 pseudohalide anion pseudohalide ions IUPAC pseudohalide anions ChEBI pseudohalides ChEBI pseudohalogen anion ChEBI pseudohalogen ion ChEBI chebi_ontology polyatomic monoanions CHEBI:36829 polyatomic monoanion polyatomic monoanions ChEBI -1 chebi_ontology monoanions CHEBI:36830 monoanion monoanions ChEBI chebi_ontology 11-hydroxy steroids CHEBI:36841 11-hydroxy steroid 11-hydroxy steroids ChEBI chebi_ontology 5-hydroxy steroids CHEBI:36848 5-hydroxy steroid 5-hydroxy steroids ChEBI chebi_ontology 14-hydroxy steroids CHEBI:36860 14-hydroxy steroid 14-hydroxy steroids ChEBI A 14-hydroxy steroid in which the hydroxy group has a beta-configuration. chebi_ontology 14beta-hydroxy steroids CHEBI:36862 14beta-hydroxy steroid 14beta-hydroxy steroids ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:36892 elemental fluorine chebi_ontology CHEBI:36893 elemental iodine chebi_ontology CHEBI:36894 elemental bromine 0 F 18.998 18.99840 chebi_ontology atomic fluorine CHEBI:36895 monoatomic fluorine atomic fluorine ChEBI 0 Br 79.904 78.91834 chebi_ontology atomic bromine CHEBI:36896 monoatomic bromine atomic bromine ChEBI 0 I 126.904 126.90447 chebi_ontology atomic iodine CHEBI:36897 monoatomic iodine atomic iodine ChEBI chalcogen hydride chebi_ontology chalcogen hydrides CHEBI:36902 chalcogen hydride chalcogen hydride ChEBI chalcogen hydrides ChEBI chebi_ontology inorganic ions CHEBI:36914 inorganic ion inorganic ions ChEBI chebi_ontology inorganic cations CHEBI:36915 inorganic cation inorganic cations ChEBI A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the proton. CHEBI:23058 CHEBI:3473 KEGG:C01373 Cation cation chebi_ontology Kation Kationen cationes cations CHEBI:36916 cation Cation KEGG_COMPOUND cation ChEBI cation IUPAC Kation ChEBI Kationen ChEBI cationes ChEBI cations ChEBI antimony molecular entity chebi_ontology antimony compounds antimony molecular entities CHEBI:36919 antimony molecular entity antimony molecular entity ChEBI antimony compounds ChEBI antimony molecular entities ChEBI chebi_ontology antimony oxoacids oxoacids of antimony CHEBI:36920 antimony oxoacid antimony oxoacids ChEBI oxoacids of antimony ChEBI antimony oxoanion chebi_ontology antimony oxoanions oxoanions of antimony CHEBI:36921 antimony oxoanion antimony oxoanion ChEBI antimony oxoanions ChEBI oxoanions of antimony ChEBI chalcocarbonic acid chalcocarbonic acids chebi_ontology chalcocarbonic acids CHEBI:36961 chalcocarbonic acid chalcocarbonic acid ChEBI chalcocarbonic acids IUPAC chalcocarbonic acids ChEBI An organochalcogen compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chalcogen bond. organochalcogen compound chebi_ontology organochalcogen compounds CHEBI:36962 organochalcogen compound organochalcogen compound ChEBI organochalcogen compounds ChEBI An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond. PMID:17586126 organooxygen compound chebi_ontology organooxygen compounds CHEBI:36963 organooxygen compound PMID:17586126 Europe PMC organooxygen compound ChEBI organooxygen compounds ChEBI A nucleotide is a nucleoside phosphate resulting from the condensation of the 3 or 5 hydroxy group of a nucleoside with phosphoric acid. CHEBI:13215 CHEBI:13663 CHEBI:7656 KEGG:C00215 Nucleotide chebi_ontology nucleotides CHEBI:36976 nucleotide Nucleotide KEGG_COMPOUND nucleotides ChEBI chebi_ontology cyclic purine nucleotides CHEBI:36982 cyclic purine nucleotide cyclic purine nucleotides ChEBI chebi_ontology ribonucleoside 5'-phosphates CHEBI:37015 ribonucleoside 5'-phosphate ribonucleoside 5'-phosphates ChEBI amino-acid anion chebi_ontology amino acid anions amino-acid anions CHEBI:37022 amino-acid anion amino-acid anion ChEBI amino acid anions ChEBI amino-acid anions ChEBI chebi_ontology purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphates CHEBI:37045 purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphates ChEBI chebi_ontology ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphates CHEBI:37076 ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphates ChEBI chebi_ontology adenosine 5'-phosphates CHEBI:37096 adenosine 5'-phosphate adenosine 5'-phosphates ChEBI A compound containing at least one carbon-bromine bond. chebi_ontology bromoorganic compound organobromine compounds CHEBI:37141 organobromine compound bromoorganic compound ChEBI organobromine compounds ChEBI An organofluorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-fluorine bond. organofluorine compound chebi_ontology fluoroorganic compound fluoroorganic compounds fluoroorganics fluororganische Verbindungen organofluorine compounds CHEBI:37143 organofluorine compound organofluorine compound ChEBI fluoroorganic compound ChEBI fluoroorganic compounds ChEBI fluoroorganics ChEBI fluororganische Verbindungen ChEBI organofluorine compounds ChEBI A polysaccharide composed of glucose residues. C12H22O11(C6H10O5)n CHEBI:24255 CHEBI:5392 CAS:9037-91-6 KEGG:C01379 Glucan glucan chebi_ontology glucans CHEBI:37163 glucan CAS:9037-91-6 ChemIDplus Glucan KEGG_COMPOUND glucan IUPAC glucans ChEBI Glycans composed of a single type of monosaccharide residue. They are named by replacing the ending '-ose' of the sugar by '-an'. homopolysaccharide chebi_ontology homoglycan homopolysaccharides CHEBI:37164 homopolysaccharide homopolysaccharide IUPAC homoglycan IUPAC homopolysaccharides ChEBI chebi_ontology organic hydrides CHEBI:37175 organic hydride organic hydrides ChEBI mononuclear parent hydrides chebi_ontology mononuclear hydride mononuclear hydrides CHEBI:37176 mononuclear parent hydride mononuclear parent hydrides IUPAC mononuclear hydride ChEBI mononuclear hydrides IUPAC A polyol that contains 6 hydroxy groups. hexol chebi_ontology hexols CHEBI:37206 hexol hexol IUPAC hexols ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:37246 elemental sodium chebi_ontology CHEBI:37253 elemental zinc chebi_ontology CHEBI:37404 elemental copper A heterodetic cyclic peptide consisting of eight amino acid residues and containing a thioether bridge between a cysteine and a tryptophan residue. It is found in a number of poisonous mushrooms, including Amanita phalloides (the death cap), Galerina marginata, and and Conocybe filaris. 0 C39H54N10O14S InChI=1S/C39H54N10O14S/c1-4-16(2)31-36(60)42-11-29(55)43-25-15-64(63)38-21(20-6-5-18(51)7-22(20)46-38)9-23(33(57)41-12-30(56)47-31)44-37(61)32(17(3)27(53)14-50)48-35(59)26-8-19(52)13-49(26)39(62)24(10-28(40)54)45-34(25)58/h5-7,16-17,19,23-27,31-32,46,50-53H,4,8-15H2,1-3H3,(H2,40,54)(H,41,57)(H,42,60)(H,43,55)(H,44,61)(H,45,58)(H,47,56)(H,48,59)/t16-,17-,19+,23-,24-,25-,26-,27-,31-,32-,64+/m0/s1 CIORWBWIBBPXCG-SXZCQOKQSA-N 918.97106 918.35417 [H][C@]12Cc3c([nH]c4cc(O)ccc34)[S@](=O)C[C@]([H])(NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@]([H])(NC(=O)CNC1=O)[C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N1C[C@H](O)C[C@@]1([H])C(=O)N[C@@]([H])([C@@H](C)[C@@H](O)CO)C(=O)N2 CHEBI:10207 CHEBI:37414 Beilstein:1071138 CAS:23109-05-9 KEGG:C08438 KNApSAcK:C00001516 PMID:109306 PMID:17525082 PMID:19556115 PMID:20529816 PMID:23763309 PMID:6208374 PMID:6630208 PMID:9093889 Reaxys:1071138 Wikipedia:Alpha-amanitin 1,8-anhydro-S(1),C(2.5)-cyclo[L-cysteinyl-L-asparaginyl-trans-4-hydroxy-L-prolyl-(R)-4,5-dihydroxy-L-isoleucyl-6-hydroxy-L-tryptophylglycyl-L-isoleucylglycine] (R)-S(1)-oxide alpha-Amanitin chebi_ontology alpha-Amanitine alpha-Amatoxin CHEBI:37415 alpha-amanitin Beilstein:1071138 Beilstein CAS:23109-05-9 ChemIDplus CAS:23109-05-9 KEGG COMPOUND PMID:109306 Europe PMC PMID:17525082 Europe PMC PMID:19556115 Europe PMC PMID:20529816 Europe PMC PMID:23763309 Europe PMC PMID:6208374 Europe PMC PMID:6630208 Europe PMC PMID:9093889 Europe PMC Reaxys:1071138 Reaxys 1,8-anhydro-S(1),C(2.5)-cyclo[L-cysteinyl-L-asparaginyl-trans-4-hydroxy-L-prolyl-(R)-4,5-dihydroxy-L-isoleucyl-6-hydroxy-L-tryptophylglycyl-L-isoleucylglycine] (R)-S(1)-oxide IUPAC alpha-Amanitin KEGG_COMPOUND alpha-Amanitine ChemIDplus alpha-Amatoxin ChemIDplus An EC 2.7.7.* (nucleotidyltransferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of RNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.6). Wikipedia:RNA_polymerase chebi_ontology C RNA formation factors inhibitor C RNA formation factors inhibitors C ribonucleic acid formation factors inhibitor C ribonucleic acid formation factors inhibitors DNA-dependent RNA nucleotidyltransferase inhibitor DNA-dependent RNA nucleotidyltransferase inhibitors DNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor DNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors DNA-dependent ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase inhibitor DNA-dependent ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase inhibitors DNA-directed RNA polymerase inhibitor DNA-directed RNA polymerase inhibitors DNA-directed nucleoside-triphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase inhibitor DNA-directed nucleoside-triphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase inhibitors EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitors EC 2.7.7.6 inhibitor EC 2.7.7.6 inhibitors RNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) inhibitor RNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) inhibitors RNA nucleotidyltransferase inhibitor RNA nucleotidyltransferase inhibitors RNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.6) inhibitor RNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.6) inhibitors RNA polymerase I inhibitor RNA polymerase I inhibitors RNA polymerase II inhibitor RNA polymerase II inhibitors RNA polymerase III inhibitor RNA polymerase III inhibitors RNA polymerase inhibitor RNA polymerase inhibitors RNA transcriptase inhibitor RNA transcriptase inhibitors deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase inhibitor deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase inhibitors directed RNA polymerase inhibitor nucleoside-triphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) inhibitor nucleoside-triphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) inhibitors ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase inhibitor ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase inhibitors ribonucleate polymerase inhibitor ribonucleate polymerase inhibitors ribonucleic acid nucleotidyltransferase inhibitor ribonucleic acid nucleotidyltransferase inhibitors ribonucleic acid polymerase inhibitor ribonucleic acid polymerase inhibitors ribonucleic acid transcriptase inhibitor ribonucleic acid transcriptase inhibitors ribonucleic polymerase inhibitor ribonucleic polymerase inhibitors ribonucleic transcriptase inhibitor ribonucleic transcriptase inhibitors transcriptase inhibitor transcriptase inhibitors CHEBI:37416 EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor C RNA formation factors inhibitor ChEBI C RNA formation factors inhibitors ChEBI C ribonucleic acid formation factors inhibitor ChEBI C ribonucleic acid formation factors inhibitors ChEBI DNA-dependent RNA nucleotidyltransferase inhibitor ChEBI DNA-dependent RNA nucleotidyltransferase inhibitors ChEBI DNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor ChEBI DNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors ChEBI DNA-dependent ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase inhibitor ChEBI DNA-dependent ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase inhibitors ChEBI DNA-directed RNA polymerase inhibitor ChEBI DNA-directed RNA polymerase inhibitors ChEBI DNA-directed nucleoside-triphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase inhibitor ChEBI DNA-directed nucleoside-triphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase inhibitors ChEBI EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 2.7.7.6 inhibitor ChEBI EC 2.7.7.6 inhibitors ChEBI RNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) inhibitor ChEBI RNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) inhibitors ChEBI RNA nucleotidyltransferase inhibitor ChEBI RNA nucleotidyltransferase inhibitors ChEBI RNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.6) inhibitor ChEBI RNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.6) inhibitors ChEBI RNA polymerase I inhibitor ChEBI RNA polymerase I inhibitors ChEBI RNA polymerase II inhibitor ChEBI RNA polymerase II inhibitors ChEBI RNA polymerase III inhibitor ChEBI RNA polymerase III inhibitors ChEBI RNA polymerase inhibitor ChEBI RNA polymerase inhibitors ChEBI RNA transcriptase inhibitor ChEBI RNA transcriptase inhibitors ChEBI deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase inhibitor ChEBI deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase inhibitors ChEBI directed RNA polymerase inhibitor ChEBI nucleoside-triphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) inhibitor ChEBI nucleoside-triphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) inhibitors ChEBI ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase inhibitor ChEBI ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase inhibitors ChEBI ribonucleate polymerase inhibitor ChEBI ribonucleate polymerase inhibitors ChEBI ribonucleic acid nucleotidyltransferase inhibitor ChEBI ribonucleic acid nucleotidyltransferase inhibitors ChEBI ribonucleic acid polymerase inhibitor ChEBI ribonucleic acid polymerase inhibitors ChEBI ribonucleic acid transcriptase inhibitor ChEBI ribonucleic acid transcriptase inhibitors ChEBI ribonucleic polymerase inhibitor ChEBI ribonucleic polymerase inhibitors ChEBI ribonucleic transcriptase inhibitor ChEBI ribonucleic transcriptase inhibitors ChEBI transcriptase inhibitor ChEBI transcriptase inhibitors ChEBI 0 C20H34 InChI=1S/C20H34/c1-11-6-14-7-12(2)9-16-18(15(14)8-11)13(3)10-17-19(16)20(17,4)5/h11-19H,6-10H2,1-5H3/t11-,12+,13-,14+,15-,16-,17-,18-,19+/m1/s1 CGVXVPQJMYMMIH-HKDZDBKOSA-N 274.485 274.26605 C1[C@@]2([C@@]([C@]3([C@@](C[C@H](C3)C)(C[C@@H]1C)[H])[H])([C@H](C)C[C@@]4([C@]2(C4(C)C)[H])[H])[H])[H] CAS:67707-87-3 (1aS,1bR,3S,4aS,6R,7aR,7bR,8R,9aR)-1,1,3,6,8-pentamethyltetradecahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]benzo[1,2-e]azulene tigliane chebi_ontology Tiglian CHEBI:37526 tigliane CAS:67707-87-3 ChemIDplus (1aS,1bR,3S,4aS,6R,7aR,7bR,8R,9aR)-1,1,3,6,8-pentamethyltetradecahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]benzo[1,2-e]azulene IUPAC tigliane ChEBI Tiglian ChEBI An acid is a molecular entity capable of donating a hydron (Bronsted acid) or capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (Lewis acid). CHEBI:13800 CHEBI:13801 CHEBI:22209 CHEBI:2426 KEGG:C00174 Acid acid chebi_ontology Saeure Saeuren acide acido acids CHEBI:37527 acid Acid KEGG_COMPOUND acid IUPAC Saeure ChEBI Saeuren ChEBI acide IUPAC acido ChEBI acids ChEBI Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C. PMID:17661218 PMID:19944127 PMID:27007372 phorbol ester chebi_ontology CHEBI:37532 phorbol ester PMID:17661218 Europe PMC PMID:19944127 Europe PMC PMID:27007372 Europe PMC phorbol ester ChEBI A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements. chebi_ontology chemical compound heteroatomic molecular entities CHEBI:37577 heteroatomic molecular entity chemical compound ChEBI heteroatomic molecular entities ChEBI Any heteroatomic molecular entity that is a chemical compound of halogen with other chemical elements. Wikipedia:Halide chebi_ontology halides CHEBI:37578 halide halides ChEBI A lactone having a five-membered lactone ring. 0 C4H3O2R3 83.066 83.01330 O1C(C(C(C1=O)*)*)* CHEBI:13194 CHEBI:18937 CHEBI:22971 CHEBI:541 PMID:18789684 chebi_ontology 1,4-Lactone 1,4-lactones a 1,4-lactone butyrolactones gamma-Laktone gamma-lactona gamma-lactonas gamma-lactones CHEBI:37581 gamma-lactone PMID:18789684 Europe PMC 1,4-Lactone KEGG_COMPOUND 1,4-lactones ChEBI a 1,4-lactone UniProt butyrolactones ChEBI gamma-Laktone ChEBI gamma-lactona ChEBI gamma-lactonas ChEBI gamma-lactones ChEBI An amide of a carboxylic acid, having the structure RC(=O)NR2. The term is used as a suffix in systematic name formation to denote the -C(=O)NH2 group including its carbon atom. 0 CNOR3 42.01680 41.99799 [*]C(=O)N([*])[*] CHEBI:35354 CHEBI:35355 carboxamides chebi_ontology carboxamides primary carboxamide CHEBI:37622 carboxamide carboxamides IUPAC carboxamides ChEBI primary carboxamide ChEBI An EC 2.7.* (P-containing group transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of protein kinases. chebi_ontology protein kinase inhibitors CHEBI:37699 protein kinase inhibitor protein kinase inhibitors ChEBI An EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8). chebi_ontology BChE inhibitor BChE inhibitors BtChoEase inhibitor BtChoEase inhibitors EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitors EC 3.1.1.8 inhibitor EC 3.1.1.8 inhibitors anticholineesterase inhibitor anticholineesterase inhibitors anticholinesterase anticholinesterases benzoylcholinesterase inhibitor benzoylcholinesterase inhibitors butyrylcholine esterase inhibitor butyrylcholine esterase inhibitors butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors choline esterase II (unspecific) inhibitor choline esterase II (unspecific) inhibitors choline esterase inhibitor choline esterase inhibitors cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) inhibitor cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) inhibitors cholinesterase inhibitor non-specific cholinesterase inhibitor non-specific cholinesterase inhibitors propionylcholinesterase inhibitor propionylcholinesterase inhibitors pseudocholinesterase inhibitor pseudocholinesterase inhibitors CHEBI:37733 EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor BChE inhibitor ChEBI BChE inhibitors ChEBI BtChoEase inhibitor ChEBI BtChoEase inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.1.1.8 inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.1.1.8 inhibitors ChEBI anticholineesterase inhibitor ChEBI anticholineesterase inhibitors ChEBI anticholinesterase ChEBI anticholinesterases ChEBI benzoylcholinesterase inhibitor ChEBI benzoylcholinesterase inhibitors ChEBI butyrylcholine esterase inhibitor ChEBI butyrylcholine esterase inhibitors ChEBI butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor ChEBI butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors ChEBI choline esterase II (unspecific) inhibitor ChEBI choline esterase II (unspecific) inhibitors ChEBI choline esterase inhibitor ChEBI choline esterase inhibitors ChEBI cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) inhibitor ChEBI cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) inhibitors ChEBI cholinesterase inhibitor ChEBI non-specific cholinesterase inhibitor ChEBI non-specific cholinesterase inhibitors ChEBI propionylcholinesterase inhibitor ChEBI propionylcholinesterase inhibitors ChEBI pseudocholinesterase inhibitor ChEBI pseudocholinesterase inhibitors ChEBI CHEBI:26019 chebi_ontology CHEBI:37734 phosphoric ester Any glycerolipid having a phosphate group ester-linked to a terminal carbon of the glycerol backbone. CHEBI:24362 CHEBI:5456 PMID:17393491 chebi_ontology glycerophospholipids phosphatide phosphatides phosphoglyceride phosphoglycerides CHEBI:37739 glycerophospholipid PMID:17393491 Europe PMC glycerophospholipids ChEBI phosphatide ChEBI phosphatides ChEBI phosphoglyceride ChEBI phosphoglycerides ChEBI halogen oxide chebi_ontology halogen oxides CHEBI:37749 halogen oxide halogen oxide ChEBI halogen oxides ChEBI chebi_ontology chlorine oxides CHEBI:37750 chlorine oxide chlorine oxides ChEBI A carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of at least one OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid. carboacyl groups carboxylic acyl group chebi_ontology carboxylic acyl groups CHEBI:37838 carboacyl group carboacyl groups IUPAC carboxylic acyl group IUPAC carboxylic acyl groups IUPAC A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of eight carbon atoms. 0 C8H18O 130.228 130.13577 CAS:29063-28-3 octanol chebi_ontology Oktanol Oktylalkohol n-octanol octyl alcohol CHEBI:37868 octanol CAS:29063-28-3 ChemIDplus octanol IUPAC Oktanol ChEBI Oktylalkohol ChEBI n-octanol ChEBI octyl alcohol ChEBI An agent that selectively binds to and activates adrenergic receptors. chebi_ontology adrenergic agonists adrenergic receptor agonist adrenoceptor agonists adrenomimetic adrenomimetics CHEBI:37886 adrenergic agonist adrenergic agonists ChEBI adrenergic receptor agonist ChEBI adrenoceptor agonists IUPHAR adrenomimetic ChEBI adrenomimetics ChEBI An agent that binds to but does not activate adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous adrenergic agonists. chebi_ontology adrenergic antagonists adrenergic blockaders adrenergic blocker adrenergic blockers adrenergic receptor blockaders adrenoceptor antagonists CHEBI:37887 adrenergic antagonist adrenergic antagonists ChEBI adrenergic blockaders ChEBI adrenergic blocker ChEBI adrenergic blockers ChEBI adrenergic receptor blockaders ChEBI adrenoceptor antagonists IUPHAR An agent that binds to but does not activate alpha-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous alpha-adrenergic agonists. alpha-Adrenergic antagonists are used in the treatment of hypertension, vasospasm, peripheral vascular disease, shock, and pheochromocytoma. chebi_ontology alpha-adrenergic antagonists alpha-adrenergic blocker alpha-adrenergic blockers alpha-adrenergic receptor blockaders alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists CHEBI:37890 alpha-adrenergic antagonist alpha-adrenergic antagonists ChEBI alpha-adrenergic blocker ChEBI alpha-adrenergic blockers ChEBI alpha-adrenergic receptor blockaders ChEBI alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists IUPHAR A spiro compound in which at least one of the cyclic components is an oxygen heterocyle. chebi_ontology oxaspiro compounds CHEBI:37948 oxaspiro compound oxaspiro compounds ChEBI H1-receptor antagonists are the drugs that selectively bind to but do not activate histamine H1 receptors, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous histamine. PMID:22035879 chebi_ontology H1 antihistaminics H1 receptor antagonists H1 receptor blockaders H1-receptor antagonists H1-receptor blocker H1-receptor blockers classical antihistamines classical antihistaminics CHEBI:37955 H1-receptor antagonist PMID:22035879 Europe PMC H1 antihistaminics ChEBI H1 receptor antagonists IUPHAR H1 receptor blockaders ChEBI H1-receptor antagonists ChEBI H1-receptor blocker ChEBI H1-receptor blockers ChEBI classical antihistamines ChEBI classical antihistaminics ChEBI Histamine antagonists are the drugs that bind to but do not activate histamine receptors, thereby blocking the actions of histamine or histamine agonists. PMID:22035879 Wikipedia:Antihistamines chebi_ontology antihistamine antihistamines antihistaminico antihistaminics histamine receptor blocker histamine receptor blockers CHEBI:37956 histamine antagonist PMID:22035879 Europe PMC antihistamine ChEBI antihistamines ChEBI antihistaminico ChEBI antihistaminics ChEBI histamine receptor blocker ChEBI histamine receptor blockers ChEBI Drugs used for their actions on histaminergic systems. chebi_ontology histamine agents histamine drugs histaminergic agent histaminergic agents histaminergic drugs CHEBI:37957 histaminergic drug histamine agents ChEBI histamine drugs ChEBI histaminergic agent ChEBI histaminergic agents ChEBI histaminergic drugs ChEBI Any agent that acts on an adrenergic receptor or affects the life cycle of an adrenergic transmitter. chebi_ontology adrenergic agents adrenergic drug adrenergic drugs adrenergic neuron agents adrenergics CHEBI:37962 adrenergic agent adrenergic agents ChEBI adrenergic drug ChEBI adrenergic drugs ChEBI adrenergic neuron agents ChEBI adrenergics ChEBI A carbopolyclic compound comprising of three carbocyclic rings. chebi_ontology carbotricyclic compounds CHEBI:38032 carbotricyclic compound carbotricyclic compounds ChEBI A drug used in the treatment of malaria. Antimalarials are usually classified on the basis of their action against Plasmodia at different stages in their life cycle in the human. chebi_ontology antimalarials CHEBI:38068 antimalarial antimalarials ChEBI A drug used for the treatment or prevention of cardiac arrhythmias. Anti-arrhythmia drugs may affect the polarisation-repolarisation phase of the action potential, its excitability or refractoriness, or impulse conduction or membrane responsiveness within cardiac fibres. chebi_ontology anti-arrhythmia agent antiarrhythmic agent CHEBI:38070 anti-arrhythmia drug anti-arrhythmia agent ChEBI antiarrhythmic agent ChEBI A compound composed of two or more pyrrole units. Beilstein:8538310 chebi_ontology PPys poly(pyrrole)s polypyrroles CHEBI:38077 polypyrrole Beilstein:8538310 Beilstein PPys ChEBI poly(pyrrole)s ChEBI polypyrroles ChEBI Any member of the class of cardenolides with glycosyl residues attached to position 3. CHEBI:23035 CHEBI:38080 CHEBI:38082 chebi_ontology 5alpha-cardenolide glycoside 5beta-cardenolide glycoside CHEBI:38092 cardenolide glycoside 5alpha-cardenolide glycoside ChEBI 5beta-cardenolide glycoside ChEBI Any organonitrogen compound containing a cyclic component with nitrogen and at least one other element as ring member atoms. chebi_ontology heterocyclic organonitrogen compounds organonitrogen heterocyclic compounds CHEBI:38101 organonitrogen heterocyclic compound heterocyclic organonitrogen compounds ChEBI organonitrogen heterocyclic compounds ChEBI Any organic heterocyclic compound containing at least one ring oxygen atom. PMID:17134300 chebi_ontology heterocyclic organooxygen compounds organooxygen heterocyclic compounds oxacycles CHEBI:38104 oxacycle PMID:17134300 Europe PMC heterocyclic organooxygen compounds ChEBI organooxygen heterocyclic compounds ChEBI oxacycles ChEBI chebi_ontology heterocyclic organosulfur compounds organosulfur heterocyclic compounds CHEBI:38106 organosulfur heterocyclic compound heterocyclic organosulfur compounds ChEBI organosulfur heterocyclic compounds ChEBI A drug that has a strengthening effect on the heart or that can increase cardiac output. chebi_ontology cardiotonic drugs CHEBI:38147 cardiotonic drug cardiotonic drugs ChEBI CHEBI:25429 CHEBI:38075 chebi_ontology organic heteropolycyclic compounds CHEBI:38166 organic heteropolycyclic compound organic heteropolycyclic compounds ChEBI chebi_ontology monocyclic heteroarenes CHEBI:38179 monocyclic heteroarene monocyclic heteroarenes ChEBI chebi_ontology polycyclic heteroarenes CHEBI:38180 polycyclic heteroarene polycyclic heteroarenes ChEBI chebi_ontology 5beta-hydroxy steroids CHEBI:38195 5beta-hydroxy steroid 5beta-hydroxy steroids ChEBI One of a class of drugs that acts by selective inhibition of calcium influx through cell membranes or on the release and binding of calcium in intracellular pools. chebi_ontology calcium channel antagonist calcium channel antagonists calcium channel blockers CHEBI:38215 calcium channel blocker calcium channel antagonist ChEBI calcium channel antagonists ChEBI calcium channel blockers ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:38222 hydrocarbyl anion Any of a class of heterocyclic amines having a saturated five-membered ring. CHEBI:26922 CHEBI:38191 chebi_ontology CHEBI:38260 pyrrolidines chebi_ontology pyrrolidinones CHEBI:38275 pyrrolidinone pyrrolidinones ChEBI Any organic heterocyclic compound containing a benzene ring in which two of the C-H fragments have been replaced by isolobal nitrogens (the diazine parent structure). chebi_ontology CHEBI:38313 diazines chebi_ontology CHEBI:38314 pyrazines Any drug used for its actions on cholinergic systems. Included here are agonists and antagonists, drugs that affect the life cycle of acetylcholine, and drugs that affect the survival of cholinergic neurons. chebi_ontology cholinergic agent cholinergic drugs cholinomimetic CHEBI:38323 cholinergic drug cholinergic agent ChEBI cholinergic drugs ChEBI cholinomimetic ChEBI Any drug that binds to and activates cholinergic receptors. chebi_ontology acetylcholine agonist acetylcholine agonists acetylcholine receptor agonist cholinergic agonists cholinomimetic cholinomimetics CHEBI:38324 cholinergic agonist acetylcholine agonist ChEBI acetylcholine agonists ChEBI acetylcholine receptor agonist IUPHAR cholinergic agonists ChEBI cholinomimetic ChEBI cholinomimetics ChEBI Any drug that binds to and activates a muscarinic cholinergic receptor. chebi_ontology muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist muscarinic agonists muscarinic cholinergic agonist muscarinic cholinergic agonists CHEBI:38325 muscarinic agonist muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist ChEBI muscarinic agonists ChEBI muscarinic cholinergic agonist ChEBI muscarinic cholinergic agonists ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:38329 oxazolidines A pyrimidine carrying one or more oxo substituents. chebi_ontology pyrimidones CHEBI:38337 pyrimidone pyrimidones ChEBI A pent-3-enoic acid in trans- configuration. 0 C5H8O2 InChI=1S/C5H8O2/c1-2-3-4-5(6)7/h3-4H,2H2,1H3,(H,6,7)/b4-3+ YIYBQIKDCADOSF-ONEGZZNKSA-N 100.11582 100.05243 CC\C=C\C(O)=O CAS:13991-37-2 LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMFA01030005 Reaxys:1720312 (2E)-pent-2-enoic acid chebi_ontology (2E)-2-pentenoic acid (E)-2-pentenic acid (E)-2-pentenoic acid (E)-pent-2-en-1-oic acid 5:1, n-3 trans C5:1, n-3 trans E-2-Pentencarbonsaeure Pent-2t-ensaeure trans-2-pentenic acid trans-2-pentenoic acid trans-Pent-2-ensaeure trans-alpha,beta-penteneoic acid CHEBI:38366 trans-pent-2-enoic acid CAS:13991-37-2 ChemIDplus CAS:13991-37-2 NIST Chemistry WebBook LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMFA01030005 LIPID MAPS Reaxys:1720312 Reaxys (2E)-pent-2-enoic acid IUPAC (2E)-2-pentenoic acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook (E)-2-pentenic acid ChEBI (E)-2-pentenoic acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook (E)-pent-2-en-1-oic acid ChemIDplus 5:1, n-3 trans ChEBI C5:1, n-3 trans ChEBI E-2-Pentencarbonsaeure ChEBI Pent-2t-ensaeure ChEBI trans-2-pentenic acid ChemIDplus trans-2-pentenoic acid ChEBI trans-Pent-2-ensaeure ChEBI trans-alpha,beta-penteneoic acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Derivatives of carbamic acid with insecticidal properties of general formula ROC(=O)NR(1)R(2), where ROH is an alcohol, oxime, or phenol and R(1) is hydrogen or methyl. Like organophosphate insecticides, they are cholinesterase inhibitors, but carbamate insecticides differ in action from the organophosphates in that the inhibitory effect on cholinesterase is generally brief. chebi_ontology carbamate insecticides CHEBI:38461 carbamate insecticide carbamate insecticides ChEBI An EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of enzyme acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7), which helps breaking down of acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid. Wikipedia:Acetylcholinesterase_inhibitor chebi_ontology AChEI AcCholE inhibitor AcCholE inhibitors EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitors EC 3.1.1.7 inhibitor EC 3.1.1.7 inhibitors acetyl.beta-methylcholinesterase inhibitor acetyl.beta-methylcholinesterase inhibitors acetylcholine acetylhydrolase inhibitor acetylcholine acetylhydrolase inhibitors acetylcholine esterase inhibitor acetylcholine hydrolase inhibitor acetylcholine hydrolase inhibitors acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) inhibitor acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) inhibitors acetylcholinesterase inhibitor acetylcholinesterase inhibitors acetylthiocholinesterase inhibitor acetylthiocholinesterase inhibitors choline esterase I inhibitor choline esterase I inhibitors cholinesterase inhibitor cholinesterase inhibitors true cholinesterase inhibitor true cholinesterase inhibitors CHEBI:38462 EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor AChEI ChEBI AcCholE inhibitor ChEBI AcCholE inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.1.1.7 inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.1.1.7 inhibitors ChEBI acetyl.beta-methylcholinesterase inhibitor ChEBI acetyl.beta-methylcholinesterase inhibitors ChEBI acetylcholine acetylhydrolase inhibitor ChEBI acetylcholine acetylhydrolase inhibitors ChEBI acetylcholine esterase inhibitor ChEBI acetylcholine hydrolase inhibitor ChEBI acetylcholine hydrolase inhibitors ChEBI acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) inhibitor ChEBI acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) inhibitors ChEBI acetylcholinesterase inhibitor ChEBI acetylcholinesterase inhibitors ChEBI acetylthiocholinesterase inhibitor ChEBI acetylthiocholinesterase inhibitors ChEBI choline esterase I inhibitor ChEBI choline esterase I inhibitors ChEBI cholinesterase inhibitor ChEBI cholinesterase inhibitors ChEBI true cholinesterase inhibitor ChEBI true cholinesterase inhibitors ChEBI chebi_ontology isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parents CHEBI:38515 isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parents ChEBI 0 C3H7NOS InChI=1S/C3H7NOS/c1-3(4-5)6-2/h5H,1-2H3 TYEVWCPZVQACAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 105.15982 105.02484 CSC(C)=NO Beilstein:1901214 CAS:13749-94-5 methyl N-hydroxyethanimidothioate chebi_ontology 1-(Methylthio)acetaldehyde oxime 1-(Methylthio)acetaldoxime Methomyl oxime Methyl N-hydroxyacetimidothioate Methyl N-hydroxyethanimidothioate Methyl thioacetohydroxamate CHEBI:38534 1-(methylsulfanyl)acetaldoxime Beilstein:1901214 Beilstein CAS:13749-94-5 ChemIDplus methyl N-hydroxyethanimidothioate IUPAC 1-(Methylthio)acetaldehyde oxime ChemIDplus 1-(Methylthio)acetaldoxime ChemIDplus Methomyl oxime ChemIDplus Methyl N-hydroxyacetimidothioate ChemIDplus Methyl N-hydroxyethanimidothioate ChemIDplus Methyl thioacetohydroxamate ChemIDplus The parent structure of the diazines. 0 C4H4N2 80.088 80.03745 chebi_ontology Diazin CHEBI:38627 diazine Diazin ChEBI CHEBI:22503 CHEBI:24792 chebi_ontology aminoalkylindoles CHEBI:38631 aminoalkylindole aminoalkylindoles ChEBI Any agent that affects the transport of molecular entities across a biological membrane. chebi_ontology membrane transport modulators CHEBI:38632 membrane transport modulator membrane transport modulators ChEBI organic sodium salt chebi_ontology organic sodium salts CHEBI:38700 organic sodium salt organic sodium salt ChEBI organic sodium salts ChEBI chebi_ontology inorganic sodium salts CHEBI:38702 inorganic sodium salt inorganic sodium salts ChEBI A membrane transport modulator that is able to regulate intracellular calcium levels. chebi_ontology calcium channel modulators CHEBI:38808 calcium channel modulator calcium channel modulators ChEBI chebi_ontology RyR modulator ryanodine receptor modulators ryanodine-sensitive calcium channel modulator ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel modulator CHEBI:38809 ryanodine receptor modulator RyR modulator ChEBI ryanodine receptor modulators ChEBI ryanodine-sensitive calcium channel modulator ChEBI ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel modulator ChEBI Compounds consisting wholly of fluorine and carbon. fluorocarbon fluorocarbons chebi_ontology fluorocarbons CHEBI:38824 fluorocarbon fluorocarbon ChEBI fluorocarbons IUPAC fluorocarbons ChEBI 0 CF4 InChI=1S/CF4/c2-1(3,4)5 TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 88.00431 87.99361 FC(F)(F)F Beilstein:1697288 CAS:75-73-0 Gmelin:2016 tetrafluoromethane chebi_ontology CF4 Freon 14 Halon 14 Tetrafluorkohlenstoff Tetrafluormethan carbon tetrafluoride perfluoromethane tetrafluoridocarbon tetrafluorocarbon CHEBI:38825 tetrafluoromethane Beilstein:1697288 Beilstein CAS:75-73-0 ChemIDplus CAS:75-73-0 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:2016 Gmelin tetrafluoromethane IUPAC CF4 IUPAC Freon 14 NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Halon 14 NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Tetrafluorkohlenstoff ChEBI Tetrafluormethan ChEBI carbon tetrafluoride ChemIDplus perfluoromethane NIST_Chemistry_WebBook tetrafluoridocarbon IUPAC tetrafluorocarbon ChemIDplus Substance which produces loss of feeling or sensation. anaesthetic chebi_ontology Anaesthetika Anaesthetikum anaesthetics anesthetic agent anesthetic drug anesthetics CHEBI:38867 anaesthetic anaesthetic IUPAC Anaesthetika ChEBI Anaesthetikum ChEBI anaesthetics ChEBI anesthetic agent ChEBI anesthetic drug ChEBI anesthetics ChEBI Substance that produces loss of consciousness. general anaesthetic chebi_ontology Allgemeinanaesthetika Allgemeinanaesthetikum general anaesthetics general anesthetics CHEBI:38869 general anaesthetic general anaesthetic IUPAC Allgemeinanaesthetika ChEBI Allgemeinanaesthetikum ChEBI general anaesthetics ChEBI general anesthetics ChEBI chebi_ontology Inhalationsanaesthetika Inhalationsanaesthetikum Inhalationsnarkotika Inhalationsnarkotikum anesthetic gases inhalation anesthetics CHEBI:38870 inhalation anaesthetic Inhalationsanaesthetika ChEBI Inhalationsanaesthetikum ChEBI Inhalationsnarkotika ChEBI Inhalationsnarkotikum ChEBI anesthetic gases ChEBI inhalation anesthetics ChEBI chebi_ontology dibenzothiepines CHEBI:38924 dibenzothiepine dibenzothiepines ChEBI An alkaloid containing an indole skeleton. CHEBI:24795 CHEBI:5901 KEGG:C06073 Wikipedia:Indole_alkaloid Indole alkaloid chebi_ontology indole alkaloids CHEBI:38958 indole alkaloid Indole alkaloid KEGG_COMPOUND indole alkaloids ChEBI A molecular entity capable of donating a hydron to an acceptor (Bronsted base). Bronsted acid chebi_ontology Bronsted-Saeure acide de Bronsted donneur d'hydron hydron donor CHEBI:39141 Bronsted acid Bronsted acid IUPAC Bronsted-Saeure ChEBI acide de Bronsted IUPAC donneur d'hydron IUPAC hydron donor IUPAC A molecular entity capable of accepting a hydron from a donor (Bronsted acid). Bronsted base chebi_ontology Bronsted-Base accepteur d'hydron base de Bronsted hydron acceptor CHEBI:39142 Bronsted base Bronsted base IUPAC Bronsted-Base ChEBI accepteur d'hydron IUPAC base de Bronsted IUPAC hydron acceptor IUPAC A molecular entity able to provide a pair of electrons and thus capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron-pair acceptor (Lewis acid), thereby producing a Lewis adduct. Lewis base chebi_ontology Lewis-Base base de Lewis donneur d'une paire d'electrons electron donor CHEBI:39144 Lewis base Lewis base IUPAC Lewis-Base ChEBI base de Lewis IUPAC donneur d'une paire d'electrons ChEBI electron donor ChEBI A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has R-configuration. 0 C10H14N2 InChI=1S/C10H14N2/c1-12-7-3-5-10(12)9-4-2-6-11-8-9/h2,4,6,8,10H,3,5,7H2,1H3/t10-/m1/s1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-SNVBAGLBSA-N 162.23160 162.11570 CN1CCC[C@@H]1c1cccnc1 Beilstein:4666243 Beilstein:82110 CAS:25162-00-9 KEGG:C16386 3-[(2R)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]pyridine chebi_ontology (+)-nicotine (R)-3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine d-nicotine pseudonicotine CHEBI:39162 (R)-nicotine Beilstein:4666243 ChemIDplus Beilstein:82110 Beilstein CAS:25162-00-9 ChemIDplus 3-[(2R)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]pyridine IUPAC (+)-nicotine ChemIDplus (R)-3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine ChemIDplus d-nicotine ChemIDplus pseudonicotine ChemIDplus chebi_ontology CHEBI:39208 antibiotic insecticide chebi_ontology CHEBI:39209 macrolide insecticide chebi_ontology CHEBI:39213 avermectin insecticide Mixture of 80% avermectin B1a and 20% avermectin B1b. CAS:71751-41-2 Abamectin chebi_ontology Agri-Mek Avid MK 936 Zephyr avermectin B1 CHEBI:39214 abamectin CAS:71751-41-2 ChemIDplus Abamectin ChemIDplus Agri-Mek ChemIDplus Avid ChemIDplus MK 936 ChemIDplus Zephyr ChemIDplus avermectin B1 ChemIDplus chebi_ontology CHEBI:39215 antibiotic pesticide chebi_ontology CHEBI:39216 antibiotic acaricide chebi_ontology CHEBI:39217 antibiotic nematicide chebi_ontology CHEBI:39218 macrolide acaricide chebi_ontology CHEBI:39219 avermectin acaricide chebi_ontology CHEBI:39220 avermectin pesticide chebi_ontology CHEBI:39221 macrolide pesticide A haloalkane that is methane in which one (or more) of the hydrogens have been replaced by a halogen atom/halogen atoms. halomethane chebi_ontology halomethanes CHEBI:39279 halomethane halomethane ChEBI halomethanes ChEBI A halomethane that is methane in which one or more hydrogens has been replaced by fluorine. chebi_ontology CHEBI:39281 fluoromethanes Any saturated fatty acid lacking a side-chain. PMID:15644336 straight-chain saturated fatty acid chebi_ontology straight-chain saturated fatty acids CHEBI:39418 straight-chain saturated fatty acid PMID:15644336 Europe PMC straight-chain saturated fatty acid ChEBI straight-chain saturated fatty acids ChEBI Any compound having a pyrimidine as part of its structure. CHEBI:13681 CHEBI:26448 chebi_ontology CHEBI:39447 pyrimidines A monovalent inorganic anion that consists of phosphoric acid in which one of the three OH groups has been deprotonated. -1 H2O4P InChI=1S/H3O4P/c1-5(2,3)4/h(H3,1,2,3,4)/p-1 NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 96.98724 96.96962 [H]OP([O-])(=O)O[H] CHEBI:29137 CHEBI:39739 DrugBank:DB02831 Gmelin:1999 PDBeChem:2HP dihydrogen(tetraoxidophosphate)(1-) dihydrogenphosphate dihydrogentetraoxophosphate(1-) dihydrogentetraoxophosphate(V) dihydroxidodioxidophosphate(1-) chebi_ontology DIHYDROGENPHOSPHATE ION H2PO4(-) [PO2(OH)2](-) CHEBI:39745 dihydrogenphosphate Gmelin:1999 Gmelin dihydrogen(tetraoxidophosphate)(1-) IUPAC dihydrogenphosphate IUPAC dihydrogentetraoxophosphate(1-) IUPAC dihydrogentetraoxophosphate(V) IUPAC dihydroxidodioxidophosphate(1-) IUPAC DIHYDROGENPHOSPHATE ION PDBeChem H2PO4(-) IUPAC [PO2(OH)2](-) IUPAC An ether that is the methyl ether derivative of ethanol. 0 C3H8O InChI=1S/C3H8O/c1-3-4-2/h3H2,1-2H3 XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 60.09500 60.05751 CCOC Beilstein:1730785 CAS:540-67-0 Gmelin:163978 PDBeChem:2ME PMID:12662033 Patent:KR20080019002 Reaxys:1730785 Wikipedia:Methoxyethane METHOXYETHANE methoxyethane chebi_ontology 1-methoxyethane Aethylmethylaether C2H5OCH3 Methoxyethan Methylaethylaether methyl ethyl ether CHEBI:39832 methoxyethane Beilstein:1730785 Beilstein CAS:540-67-0 ChemIDplus CAS:540-67-0 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:163978 Gmelin PMID:12662033 Europe PMC Reaxys:1730785 Reaxys METHOXYETHANE PDBeChem methoxyethane IUPAC 1-methoxyethane NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Aethylmethylaether ChEBI C2H5OCH3 NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Methoxyethan ChEBI Methylaethylaether ChEBI methyl ethyl ether ChemIDplus KEGG:C02019 Cyclic ketone cyclic ketones chebi_ontology CHEBI:3992 cyclic ketone Cyclic ketone KEGG_COMPOUND cyclic ketones IUPAC The product resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of position 5 of 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene with position 4 of 1-methylpiperidine resulting in the formation of a double bond between the two fragments. It is a sedating antihistamine with antimuscarinic and calcium-channel blocking actions. It is used (particularly as the hydrochloride sesquihydrate) for the relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, urticaria and angioedema, and in pruritic skin disorders. Unlike other antihistamines, it is also a seratonin receptor antagonist, making it useful in conditions such as vascular headache and anorexia. 0 C21H21N InChI=1S/C21H21N/c1-22-14-12-18(13-15-22)21-19-8-4-2-6-16(19)10-11-17-7-3-5-9-20(17)21/h2-11H,12-15H2,1H3 JJCFRYNCJDLXIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 287.39810 287.16740 CN1CCC(CC1)=C1c2ccccc2C=Cc2ccccc12 CHEBI:111005 CHEBI:605605 Beilstein:1348386 CAS:129-03-3 DrugBank:DB00434 Drug_Central:765 KEGG:C06935 KEGG:D07765 LINCS:LSM-5419 PMID:10843226 Patent:US3014911 Wikipedia:Cyproheptadine 4-(5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulen-5-ylidene)-1-methylpiperidine 4-(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-methylpiperidine CYPROHEPTADINE Cyproheptadine cyproheptadine chebi_ontology 1-Methyl-4-(5H-dibenzo(a,d)cycloheptenylidene)piperidine 1-methyl-4-(5-dibenzo(a,e)cycloheptatrienylidene)piperidine 4-(5-dibenzo(a,d)cyclohepten-5-ylidine)-1-methylpiperidine 4-(5H-dibenzo(a,d)cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-methylpiperidine 4-Dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene-1-methyl-piperidine 5-(1-methylpiperidylidene-4)-5H-dibenzo(a,d)cyclopheptene ciproheptadina cyproheptadine cyproheptadinum CHEBI:4046 cyproheptadine Beilstein:1348386 Beilstein CAS:129-03-3 ChemIDplus CAS:129-03-3 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:129-03-3 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:765 DrugCentral PMID:10843226 ChEMBL 4-(5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulen-5-ylidene)-1-methylpiperidine IUPAC 4-(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-methylpiperidine IUPAC CYPROHEPTADINE ChEMBL Cyproheptadine KEGG_COMPOUND cyproheptadine ChEMBL 1-Methyl-4-(5H-dibenzo(a,d)cycloheptenylidene)piperidine ChemIDplus 1-methyl-4-(5-dibenzo(a,e)cycloheptatrienylidene)piperidine ChemIDplus 4-(5-dibenzo(a,d)cyclohepten-5-ylidine)-1-methylpiperidine ChemIDplus 4-(5H-dibenzo(a,d)cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-methylpiperidine ChemIDplus 4-Dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene-1-methyl-piperidine ChEMBL 5-(1-methylpiperidylidene-4)-5H-dibenzo(a,d)cyclopheptene ChemIDplus ciproheptadina ChemIDplus cyproheptadine ChemIDplus cyproheptadinum ChemIDplus 0 CHF3 InChI=1S/CHF3/c2-1(3)4/h1H XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 70.01385 70.00303 [H]C(F)(F)F CHEBI:24073 CHEBI:41543 Beilstein:1731035 CAS:75-46-7 Gmelin:1543 PDBeChem:CFT UM-BBD_compID:c0802 fluoroform chebi_ontology CHF3 Freon 23 Freon F-23 TRIFLUOROMETHANE carbon trifluoride methyl trifluoride CHEBI:41550 fluoroform Beilstein:1731035 Beilstein CAS:75-46-7 ChemIDplus CAS:75-46-7 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:1543 Gmelin UM-BBD_compID:c0802 UM-BBD fluoroform IUPAC CHF3 IUPAC Freon 23 ChemIDplus Freon F-23 NIST_Chemistry_WebBook TRIFLUOROMETHANE PDBeChem carbon trifluoride UM-BBD methyl trifluoride NIST_Chemistry_WebBook -2 CO3 InChI=1S/CH2O3/c2-1(3)4/h(H2,2,3,4)/p-2 BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 60.00890 59.98584 [O-]C([O-])=O CHEBI:29201 CHEBI:41605 Beilstein:3600898 CAS:3812-32-6 Gmelin:1559 PDBeChem:CO3 carbonate trioxidocarbonate(2-) chebi_ontology CARBONATE ION CO3(2-) Karbonat [CO3](2-) CHEBI:41609 carbonate Beilstein:3600898 Beilstein CAS:3812-32-6 ChemIDplus Gmelin:1559 Gmelin carbonate IUPAC trioxidocarbonate(2-) IUPAC CARBONATE ION PDBeChem CO3(2-) ChEBI Karbonat ChEBI [CO3](2-) IUPAC 0 CHO 29.01804 29.00274 CHEBI:24089 CHEBI:42480 PDBeChem:FOR FORMYL GROUP aldehyde group carbaldehyde formyl chebi_ontology -CH(O) -CHO Fo H-CO- methanoyl CHEBI:42485 formyl group FORMYL GROUP PDBeChem aldehyde group IUPAC carbaldehyde IUPAC formyl IUPAC -CH(O) IUPAC -CHO IUPAC Fo CBN H-CO- IUPAC methanoyl IUPAC 0 C12H19N2.I InChI=1S/C12H19N2.HI/c1-14(2)10-8-13(9-11-14)12-6-4-3-5-7-12;/h3-7H,8-11H2,1-2H3;1H/q+1;/p-1 XFZJGFIKQCCLGK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 318.19721 318.05929 [I-].C[N+]1(C)CCN(CC1)c1ccccc1 Beilstein:3746109 CAS:54-77-3 KEGG:C07488 1,1-Dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium Iodide 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium iodide chebi_ontology 1,1-Dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazine iodide DMPP DMPP iodide Dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide N,N-Dimethyl-N'-phenylpiperazinium iodide CHEBI:4290 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium iodide Beilstein:3746109 Beilstein CAS:54-77-3 ChemIDplus CAS:54-77-3 KEGG COMPOUND 1,1-Dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium Iodide KEGG_COMPOUND 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium iodide IUPAC 1,1-Dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazine iodide ChemIDplus DMPP KEGG_COMPOUND DMPP iodide ChemIDplus Dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide KEGG_COMPOUND N,N-Dimethyl-N'-phenylpiperazinium iodide ChemIDplus 0 HO 17.00734 17.00274 CHEBI:24706 CHEBI:43171 PDBeChem:OH HYDROXY GROUP hydroxy hydroxy group chebi_ontology -OH hydroxyl hydroxyl group CHEBI:43176 hydroxy group HYDROXY GROUP PDBeChem hydroxy IUPAC hydroxy group UniProt -OH IUPAC hydroxyl ChEBI hydroxyl group ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:43254 (4S)-4-hydroxy-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and iodine atoms. 0 HI InChI=1S/HI/h1H XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 127.91241 127.91230 I[H] CHEBI:5591 CAS:10034-85-2 Gmelin:814 KEGG:C05590 Hydrogen iodide hydrogen iodide iodane iodidohydrogen chebi_ontology HI Hydrogeniodid Hydroiodic acid Iodwasserstoff Jodwasserstoff Wasserstoffiodid [HI] hydriodic acid hydroiodic acid iodure d'hydrogene CHEBI:43451 hydrogen iodide CAS:10034-85-2 ChemIDplus CAS:10034-85-2 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:814 Gmelin Hydrogen iodide KEGG_COMPOUND hydrogen iodide IUPAC iodane IUPAC iodidohydrogen IUPAC HI IUPAC HI KEGG_COMPOUND Hydrogeniodid ChEBI Hydroiodic acid KEGG_COMPOUND Iodwasserstoff ChEBI Jodwasserstoff ChEBI Wasserstoffiodid ChEBI [HI] IUPAC hydriodic acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook hydroiodic acid ChemIDplus iodure d'hydrogene ChEBI A phosphate ion that is the conjugate base of dihydrogenphosphate. -2 HO4P InChI=1S/H3O4P/c1-5(2,3)4/h(H3,1,2,3,4)/p-2 NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 95.97930 95.96234 OP([O-])([O-])=O CHEBI:29139 CHEBI:43470 Gmelin:1998 MolBase:1628 PDBeChem:PI PDBeChem:PO4 hydrogen(tetraoxidophosphate)(2-) hydrogenphosphate hydrogentetraoxophosphate(2-) hydrogentetraoxophosphate(V) hydroxidotrioxidophosphate(2-) chebi_ontology HPO4(2-) HYDROGENPHOSPHATE ION INORGANIC PHOSPHATE GROUP [P(OH)O3](2-) [PO3(OH)](2-) hydrogen phosphate phosphate CHEBI:43474 hydrogenphosphate Gmelin:1998 Gmelin hydrogen(tetraoxidophosphate)(2-) IUPAC hydrogenphosphate IUPAC hydrogentetraoxophosphate(2-) IUPAC hydrogentetraoxophosphate(V) IUPAC hydroxidotrioxidophosphate(2-) IUPAC HPO4(2-) IUPAC HYDROGENPHOSPHATE ION PDBeChem INORGANIC PHOSPHATE GROUP PDBeChem [P(OH)O3](2-) MolBase [PO3(OH)](2-) IUPAC hydrogen phosphate ChEBI phosphate UniProt A primary aliphatic amine that is butane substituted by an amino group at position 1. 0 C4H11N InChI=1S/C4H11N/c1-2-3-4-5/h2-5H2,1H3 HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 73.13680 73.08915 CCCCN Beilstein:605269 CAS:109-73-9 DrugBank:DB03659 Gmelin:1784 MetaCyc:BUTYLAMINE PDBeChem:LYT PMID:16387436 PMID:23470444 PMID:23734590 Reaxys:605269 Wikipedia:N-Butylamine butan-1-amine chebi_ontology 1-Aminobutan 1-aminobutane 1-butanamine 1-butylamine BUTYLAMINE butanamine butylamine mono-n-butylamine monobutylamine n-Butylamin n-C4H9NH2 n-butylamine CHEBI:43799 butan-1-amine Beilstein:605269 Beilstein CAS:109-73-9 ChemIDplus CAS:109-73-9 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:1784 Gmelin PMID:16387436 Europe PMC PMID:23470444 Europe PMC PMID:23734590 Europe PMC Reaxys:605269 Reaxys butan-1-amine IUPAC 1-Aminobutan ChemIDplus 1-aminobutane ChemIDplus 1-butanamine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook 1-butylamine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook BUTYLAMINE PDBeChem butanamine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook butylamine ChemIDplus mono-n-butylamine ChemIDplus monobutylamine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook n-Butylamin ChemIDplus n-C4H9NH2 NIST_Chemistry_WebBook n-butylamine ChemIDplus A member of the class of ureas that is urea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. An antineoplastic used in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia as well as for sickle-cell disease. 0 CH4N2O2 InChI=1S/CH4N2O2/c2-1(4)3-5/h5H,(H3,2,3,4) VSNHCAURESNICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 76.05474 76.02728 NC(=O)NO CHEBI:44420 CHEBI:5816 Beilstein:1741548 CAS:127-07-1 DrugBank:DB01005 Drug_Central:1399 Gmelin:130423 HMDB:HMDB0015140 KEGG:C07044 KEGG:D00341 MetaCyc:HYDROXY-UREA PDBeChem:NHY PMID:11285159 PMID:11298103 PMID:11364534 PMID:11365149 PMID:11391710 PMID:12107454 PMID:14988684 PMID:15772364 PMID:15994344 PMID:16356682 PMID:22983419 PMID:23318979 PMID:23643402 PMID:23696560 PMID:9271088 Patent:US2705727 Reaxys:1741548 Wikipedia:Hydroxyurea Hydroxyurea N-hydroxyurea hydroxyurea chebi_ontology Hydroxycarbamid Hydroxycarbamide Hydroxyharnstoff N-HYDROXYUREA N-carbamoylhydroxylamine carbamohydroxamic acid carbamohydroximic acid carbamoyl oxime carbamyl hydroxamate hidroxicarbamida hydrea hydroxycarbamide hydroxycarbamidum oxyurea CHEBI:44423 hydroxyurea Beilstein:1741548 ChemIDplus CAS:127-07-1 ChemIDplus CAS:127-07-1 KEGG COMPOUND Drug_Central:1399 DrugCentral Gmelin:130423 Gmelin PMID:11285159 Europe PMC PMID:11298103 Europe PMC PMID:11364534 Europe PMC PMID:11365149 Europe PMC PMID:11391710 Europe PMC PMID:12107454 Europe PMC PMID:14988684 Europe PMC PMID:15772364 Europe PMC PMID:15994344 Europe PMC PMID:16356682 Europe PMC PMID:22983419 Europe PMC PMID:23318979 Europe PMC PMID:23643402 Europe PMC PMID:23696560 Europe PMC PMID:9271088 Europe PMC Reaxys:1741548 Reaxys Hydroxyurea KEGG_COMPOUND N-hydroxyurea IUPAC hydroxyurea UniProt Hydroxycarbamid ChEBI Hydroxycarbamide KEGG_COMPOUND Hydroxyharnstoff ChEBI N-HYDROXYUREA PDBeChem N-carbamoylhydroxylamine ChemIDplus carbamohydroxamic acid ChemIDplus carbamohydroximic acid ChemIDplus carbamoyl oxime ChemIDplus carbamyl hydroxamate ChemIDplus hidroxicarbamida ChemIDplus hydrea ChemIDplus hydroxycarbamide ChemIDplus hydroxycarbamide WHO_MedNet hydroxycarbamidum ChemIDplus oxyurea ChemIDplus An amino acid consisting of carbamic acid having an N-methyl substituent. 0 C2H5NO2 InChI=1S/C2H5NO2/c1-3-2(4)5/h3H,1H3,(H,4,5) UFEJKYYYVXYMMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 75.06664 75.03203 CNC(O)=O CHEBI:38464 CHEBI:45374 Beilstein:1738994 CAS:6414-57-9 PDBeChem:RGI Reaxys:1738994 methylcarbamic acid chebi_ontology Methylcarbamidsaeure Monomethyl carbamate N-Methylcarbamate N-methylcarbamic acid CHEBI:45379 methylcarbamic acid Beilstein:1738994 Beilstein CAS:6414-57-9 ChemIDplus Reaxys:1738994 Reaxys methylcarbamic acid IUPAC Methylcarbamidsaeure ChEBI Monomethyl carbamate ChemIDplus N-Methylcarbamate ChemIDplus N-methylcarbamic acid ChEBI A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth. 0 C4H3FN2O2 InChI=1S/C4H3FN2O2/c5-2-1-6-4(9)7-3(2)8/h1H,(H2,6,7,8,9) GHASVSINZRGABV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 130.07730 130.01786 Fc1c[nH]c(=O)[nH]c1=O CHEBI:2054 CHEBI:46343 Beilstein:127172 CAS:51-21-8 DrugBank:DB00544 Drug_Central:26 HMDB:HMDB0014684 KEGG:C07649 KEGG:D00584 LINCS:LSM-4261 PDBeChem:URF PMID:11356943 PMID:12520460 PMID:14769231 PMID:19023200 Reaxys:127172 Wikipedia:Fluorouracil 5-Fluorouracil 5-fluoropyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione 5-fluorouracil chebi_ontology 5-FU 5-Fluoracil 5-Fluoropyrimidine-2,4-dione Fluorouracil fluorouracil fluorouracilo fluorouracilum CHEBI:46345 5-fluorouracil Beilstein:127172 Beilstein CAS:51-21-8 ChemIDplus CAS:51-21-8 KEGG COMPOUND Drug_Central:26 DrugCentral PMID:11356943 Europe PMC PMID:12520460 Europe PMC PMID:14769231 Europe PMC PMID:19023200 Europe PMC Reaxys:127172 Reaxys 5-Fluorouracil KEGG_COMPOUND 5-fluoropyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione IUPAC 5-fluorouracil IUPAC 5-FU KEGG_COMPOUND 5-Fluoracil ChemIDplus 5-Fluoropyrimidine-2,4-dione ChemIDplus Fluorouracil KEGG_COMPOUND fluorouracil ChemIDplus fluorouracil WHO_MedNet fluorouracilo ChemIDplus fluorouracilum ChemIDplus 0 O 15.99940 15.99491 CHEBI:29353 CHEBI:44607 PDBeChem:O OXO GROUP oxo chebi_ontology =O CHEBI:46629 oxo group OXO GROUP PDBeChem oxo IUPAC =O IUPAC A compound that contains two ketone functionalities. Wikipedia:Diketone diketones chebi_ontology CHEBI:46640 diketone diketones IUPAC A compound derived from a hydrocarbon by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with fluorine atoms. chebi_ontology FKW Fluorkohlenwasserstoffe HFC fluorohydrocarbons CHEBI:46695 fluorohydrocarbon FKW ChEBI Fluorkohlenwasserstoffe ChEBI HFC ChEBI fluorohydrocarbons ChEBI chebi_ontology N-alkylpyrrolidines CHEBI:46775 N-alkylpyrrolidine N-alkylpyrrolidines ChEBI A liquid that can dissolve other substances (solutes) without any change in their chemical composition. Wikipedia:Solvent chebi_ontology Loesungsmittel solvant solvents CHEBI:46787 solvent Loesungsmittel ChEBI solvant ChEBI solvents ChEBI 0 C2H4OS InChI=1S/C2H4OS/c1-2(3)4/h1H3,(H,3,4) DUYAAUVXQSMXQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 76.11856 75.99829 CC(O)=S Beilstein:1733298 Gmelin:1216872 ethanethioic O-acid chebi_ontology CHEBI:46800 ethanethioic O-acid Beilstein:1733298 Beilstein Gmelin:1216872 Gmelin ethanethioic O-acid IUPAC chebi_ontology N-alkylpiperazines CHEBI:46845 N-alkylpiperazine N-alkylpiperazines ChEBI chebi_ontology N-arylpiperazines CHEBI:46848 N-arylpiperazine N-arylpiperazines ChEBI chebi_ontology piperazinium salts CHEBI:46849 piperazinium salt piperazinium salts ChEBI chebi_ontology organoammonium salts CHEBI:46850 organoammonium salt organoammonium salts ChEBI 0 CHO2 45.01744 44.99765 CHEBI:23025 CHEBI:41420 PDBeChem:FMT CARBOXY GROUP carboxy chebi_ontology -C(O)OH -CO2H -COOH carboxyl group CHEBI:46883 carboxy group CARBOXY GROUP PDBeChem carboxy IUPAC -C(O)OH IUPAC -CO2H ChEBI -COOH IUPAC carboxyl group ChEBI A ribose in which the chiral carbon atom furthest away from the aldehyde group (C4') has the same configuration as in L-glyceraldehyde. 0 C5H10O5 150.130 150.05282 L-ribo-pentose L-ribose chebi_ontology L-Rib CHEBI:46997 L-ribose L-ribo-pentose IUPAC L-ribose IUPAC L-Rib JCBN A cyclic ribose having a 5-membered tetrahydrofuran ring; the predominant (C3'-endo) form of the two cyclic structures (the other is the "C2'-endo" form, having a 6-membered ring) adopted by ribose in aqueous solution. 0 C5H10O5 150.12990 150.05282 ribofuranose chebi_ontology rel-(3R,4S,5R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2,3,4-triol CHEBI:46998 ribofuranose ribofuranose IUPAC rel-(3R,4S,5R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2,3,4-triol IUPAC A ribofuranose having D-configuration. 0 C5H10O5 InChI=1S/C5H10O5/c6-1-2-3(7)4(8)5(9)10-2/h2-9H,1H2/t2-,3-,4-,5?/m1/s1 HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-SOOFDHNKSA-N 150.12990 150.05282 OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O CHEBI:4233 CHEBI:46999 Beilstein:1904878 CAS:50-69-1 CAS:613-83-2 GlyTouCan:G31080DL Gmelin:364108 KEGG:C00121 PMID:9506998 Patent:US2152662 Reaxys:1904878 D-ribofuranose chebi_ontology (3R,4S,5R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2,3,4-triol D-Ribose D-ribose ribose CHEBI:47013 D-ribofuranose Beilstein:1904878 Beilstein CAS:50-69-1 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:613-83-2 ChemIDplus Gmelin:364108 Gmelin PMID:9506998 Europe PMC Reaxys:1904878 Reaxys D-ribofuranose IUPAC (3R,4S,5R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2,3,4-triol IUPAC D-Ribose KEGG_COMPOUND D-ribose UniProt ribose ChemIDplus chebi_ontology tetrahydrofuranols CHEBI:47017 tetrahydrofuranol tetrahydrofuranols ChEBI chebi_ontology dihydroxytetrahydrofurans CHEBI:47019 dihydroxytetrahydrofuran dihydroxytetrahydrofurans ChEBI A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and bromine atoms. 0 BrH HBr InChI=1S/BrH/h1H CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 80.91194 79.92616 Br[H] CHEBI:29134 CHEBI:31673 CAS:10035-10-6 Gmelin:620 KEGG:C13645 bromane bromidohydrogen hydrogen bromide chebi_ontology Bromwasserstoff HBr Hydrobromic acid Hydrogenbromid [HBr] bromure d'hydrogene CHEBI:47266 hydrogen bromide CAS:10035-10-6 ChemIDplus CAS:10035-10-6 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:10035-10-6 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:620 Gmelin bromane IUPAC bromidohydrogen IUPAC hydrogen bromide IUPAC hydrogen bromide NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Bromwasserstoff NIST_Chemistry_WebBook HBr KEGG_COMPOUND Hydrobromic acid KEGG_COMPOUND Hydrogenbromid ChEBI [HBr] IUPAC bromure d'hydrogene ChEBI A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus. 0 C29H44O12 InChI=1S/C29H44O12/c1-13-22(34)23(35)24(36)25(40-13)41-15-8-19(32)28(12-30)21-17(3-5-27(28,37)9-15)29(38)6-4-16(14-7-20(33)39-11-14)26(29,2)10-18(21)31/h7,13,15-19,21-25,30-32,34-38H,3-6,8-12H2,1-2H3/t13-,15-,16+,17+,18+,19+,21+,22-,23+,24+,25-,26+,27-,28+,29-/m0/s1 LPMXVESGRSUGHW-HBYQJFLCSA-N 584.65250 584.28328 [H][C@@]12CC[C@]3(O)C[C@H](C[C@@H](O)[C@]3(CO)[C@@]1([H])[C@H](O)C[C@]1(C)[C@H](CC[C@]21O)C1=CC(=O)OC1)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O CHEBI:44461 CHEBI:7805 Beilstein:101712 CAS:630-60-4 DrugBank:DB01092 Drug_Central:2004 HMDB:HMDB0015224 KEGG:C01443 KEGG:D00112 KNApSAcK:C00003633 LINCS:LSM-2781 LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMST01120022 PDBeChem:OBN PMID:10438974 PMID:1316269 PMID:16529963 PMID:20372980 PMID:9872395 Reaxys:101712 Wikipedia:Ouabain 3-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyloxy)-1beta,5beta,11alpha,14,19-pentahydroxy-5beta-card-20(22)-enolide Ouabain chebi_ontology 3-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy)-1beta,5beta,11alpha,14,19-pentahydroxy-5beta-card-20(22)-enolide G-Strophanthin Ouabagenin L-Rhamnoside Ouabagenin-L-rhamnosid Ouabain anhydrous Ouabaine Oubain Strodival CHEBI:472805 ouabain Beilstein:101712 Beilstein CAS:630-60-4 ChemIDplus CAS:630-60-4 KEGG COMPOUND Drug_Central:2004 DrugCentral LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMST01120022 LIPID MAPS PMID:10438974 Europe PMC PMID:1316269 Europe PMC PMID:16529963 Europe PMC PMID:20372980 Europe PMC PMID:9872395 Europe PMC Reaxys:101712 Reaxys 3-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyloxy)-1beta,5beta,11alpha,14,19-pentahydroxy-5beta-card-20(22)-enolide IUPAC Ouabain KEGG_COMPOUND 3-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy)-1beta,5beta,11alpha,14,19-pentahydroxy-5beta-card-20(22)-enolide IUPAC G-Strophanthin KEGG_COMPOUND Ouabagenin L-Rhamnoside DrugBank Ouabagenin-L-rhamnosid ChemIDplus Ouabain anhydrous ChemIDplus Ouabaine ChemIDplus Oubain ChemIDplus Strodival ChemIDplus A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom. 0 C19H24N2 InChI=1S/C19H24N2/c1-20(2)14-7-15-21-18-10-5-3-8-16(18)12-13-17-9-4-6-11-19(17)21/h3-6,8-11H,7,12-15H2,1-2H3 BCGWQEUPMDMJNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 280.40734 280.19395 CN(C)CCCN1c2ccccc2CCc2ccccc12 CHEBI:47498 CHEBI:5881 Beilstein:256892 CAS:50-49-7 DrugBank:DB00458 Drug_Central:1427 Gmelin:1572523 HMDB:HMDB0001848 KEGG:C07049 KEGG:D08070 LINCS:LSM-2852 PDBeChem:IXX PMID:20825390 Patent:US2554736 Reaxys:256892 Wikipedia:Imipramine 3-(10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepin-5-yl)-N,N-dimethylpropan-1-amine Imipramine chebi_ontology 10,11-dihydro-N,N-dimethyl-5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine-5-propanamine 3-(5H-DIBENZO[B,F]AZEPIN-5-YL)-N,N-DIMETHYLPROPAN-1-AMINE 5-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine Antideprin Imipramin Irmin Melipramine N-(gamma-dimethylaminopropyl)iminodibenzyl imipramine imipraminum imizine CHEBI:47499 imipramine Beilstein:256892 Beilstein CAS:50-49-7 ChemIDplus CAS:50-49-7 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:50-49-7 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:1427 DrugCentral Gmelin:1572523 Gmelin PMID:20825390 Europe PMC Reaxys:256892 Reaxys 3-(10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepin-5-yl)-N,N-dimethylpropan-1-amine IUPAC Imipramine KEGG_COMPOUND 10,11-dihydro-N,N-dimethyl-5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine-5-propanamine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook 3-(5H-DIBENZO[B,F]AZEPIN-5-YL)-N,N-DIMETHYLPROPAN-1-AMINE PDBeChem 5-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Antideprin DrugBank Imipramin ChEBI Irmin ChemIDplus Melipramine ChemIDplus N-(gamma-dimethylaminopropyl)iminodibenzyl NIST_Chemistry_WebBook imipramine ChemIDplus imipraminum ChemIDplus imizine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid. 0 C2H3O2R 59.04400 59.01330 CC(=O)O[*] CHEBI:13244 CHEBI:13799 CHEBI:22189 CHEBI:2406 KEGG:C01883 Wikipedia:Acetate#Esters chebi_ontology Acetic ester Acetyl ester acetate acetate esters acetates acetyl esters an acetyl ester CHEBI:47622 acetate ester Acetic ester KEGG_COMPOUND Acetyl ester KEGG_COMPOUND acetate ChEBI acetate esters ChEBI acetates ChEBI acetyl esters ChEBI an acetyl ester UniProt ammonium salt chebi_ontology Ammoniumsalz Ammoniumsalze ammonium salts CHEBI:47704 ammonium salt ammonium salt ChEBI Ammoniumsalz ChEBI Ammoniumsalze ChEBI ammonium salts ChEBI A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a seven-membered nitrogen hetrocycle fused with two benzene rings. 0 C14H11N InChI=1S/C14H11N/c1-3-7-13-11(5-1)9-10-12-6-2-4-8-14(12)15-13/h1-10,15H LCGTWRLJTMHIQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 193.24388 193.08915 N1c2ccccc2C=Cc2ccccc12 Beilstein:1343358 CAS:256-96-2 PMID:22322005 PMID:24358274 Reaxys:1343358 Wikipedia:Dibenzazepine 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine chebi_ontology 2,2'-iminostilbene 2,3,6,7-dibenzazepine 5H-Dibenz[b,f]azepin 5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine 5H-dibenzazepine dibenz(b,f)azepine dibenzazepine iminostilbene o,o'-iminostilbene CHEBI:47802 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine Beilstein:1343358 Beilstein CAS:256-96-2 ChemIDplus CAS:256-96-2 NIST Chemistry WebBook PMID:22322005 Europe PMC PMID:24358274 Europe PMC Reaxys:1343358 Reaxys 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine IUPAC 2,2'-iminostilbene ChemIDplus 2,3,6,7-dibenzazepine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook 5H-Dibenz[b,f]azepin NIST_Chemistry_WebBook 5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook 5H-dibenzazepine ChEBI dibenz(b,f)azepine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook dibenzazepine ChEBI iminostilbene ChemIDplus o,o'-iminostilbene NIST_Chemistry_WebBook dibenzoazepine chebi_ontology dibenzazepine dibenzoazepines CHEBI:47804 dibenzoazepine dibenzoazepine ChEBI dibenzazepine ChEBI dibenzoazepines ChEBI A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. 0 C29H40N2O4 InChI=1S/C29H40N2O4/c1-6-18-17-31-10-8-20-14-27(33-3)29(35-5)16-23(20)25(31)12-21(18)11-24-22-15-28(34-4)26(32-2)13-19(22)7-9-30-24/h13-16,18,21,24-25,30H,6-12,17H2,1-5H3/t18-,21-,24+,25-/m0/s1 AUVVAXYIELKVAI-CKBKHPSWSA-N 480.63898 480.29881 [H][C@]1(C[C@@]2([H])NCCc3cc(OC)c(OC)cc23)C[C@]2([H])N(CCc3cc(OC)c(OC)cc23)C[C@@H]1CC Beilstein:100834 Beilstein:6253162 CAS:483-18-1 Drug_Central:1001 KEGG:C09421 KNApSAcK:C00001849 LINCS:LSM-2041 MetaCyc:CPD-14817 PMID:16109351 PMID:17094176 Reaxys:100834 Wikipedia:Emetine 6',7',10,11-tetramethoxyemetan Emetine chebi_ontology Emetan Emetin cephaeline methyl ether methyl cephaeline CHEBI:4781 emetine Beilstein:100834 Beilstein Beilstein:6253162 Beilstein CAS:483-18-1 ChemIDplus CAS:483-18-1 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:483-18-1 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:1001 DrugCentral PMID:16109351 Europe PMC PMID:17094176 Europe PMC Reaxys:100834 Reaxys 6',7',10,11-tetramethoxyemetan IUPAC Emetine KEGG_COMPOUND Emetan NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Emetin ChemIDplus cephaeline methyl ether ChemIDplus methyl cephaeline ChemIDplus CHEBI:27220 CHEBI:36947 chebi_ontology urea derivatives CHEBI:47857 ureas urea derivatives ChEBI Anything used in a scientific experiment to indicate the presence of a substance or quality, change in a body, etc. chebi_ontology Indikator CHEBI:47867 indicator Indikator ChEBI macrocyclic polypyrroles chebi_ontology cyclic polypyrroles polypyrrole macrocycles CHEBI:47882 cyclic polypyrrole macrocyclic polypyrroles IUPAC cyclic polypyrroles ChEBI polypyrrole macrocycles ChEBI Organic derivatives of sulfonic acid in which the sulfo group is linked directly to carbon of an alkyl group. CHEBI:13809 CHEBI:33553 chebi_ontology alkanesulfonic acids alkylsulfonic acids CHEBI:47901 alkanesulfonic acid alkanesulfonic acids ChEBI alkylsulfonic acids ChEBI An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups. 0 C3H2ClF5O InChI=1S/C3H2ClF5O/c4-1(5)3(8,9)10-2(6)7/h1-2H JPGQOUSTVILISH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 184.49210 183.97143 FC(F)OC(F)(F)C(F)Cl Beilstein:1903921 CAS:13838-16-9 DrugBank:DB00228 Drug_Central:1009 HMDB:HMDB0014373 KEGG:C07516 KEGG:D00543 PMID:23934553 PMID:25386744 PMID:7457058 Patent:AU2014277860 Patent:US5783199 Reaxys:1903921 Wikipedia:Enflurane 2-chloro-1-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,2-trifluoroethane Enflurane chebi_ontology 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether Alyrane Efrane Ethrane Methylflurether CHEBI:4792 enflurane Beilstein:1903921 Beilstein CAS:13838-16-9 ChemIDplus CAS:13838-16-9 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:13838-16-9 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:1009 DrugCentral PMID:23934553 Europe PMC PMID:25386744 Europe PMC PMID:7457058 Europe PMC Reaxys:1903921 Reaxys 2-chloro-1-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,2-trifluoroethane IUPAC Enflurane KEGG_COMPOUND 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether ChEBI Alyrane NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Efrane ChemIDplus Ethrane ChemIDplus Methylflurether ChemIDplus Any molecule that contains three amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages. 0 C6H8N3O4R3 186.146 186.05148 C(=O)(NC(C(NC(C(=O)O)*)=O)*)C(N)* CHEBI:27138 CHEBI:9742 KEGG:C00316 Tripeptide chebi_ontology tripeptides CHEBI:47923 tripeptide Tripeptide KEGG_COMPOUND tripeptides ChEBI An agonist that selectively binds to and activates a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. CHEBI:82738 Wikipedia:Nicotinic_acetylcholine_receptor chebi_ontology muscarinic agonists nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists nicotinic agonist nicotinic agonists CHEBI:47958 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist muscarinic agonists ChEBI nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists ChEBI nicotinic agonist ChEBI nicotinic agonists ChEBI chebi_ontology Schwefeloxide oxides of sulfur sulfur oxides CHEBI:48154 sulfur oxide Schwefeloxide ChEBI oxides of sulfur ChEBI sulfur oxides ChEBI A substance used locally on humans and other animals to destroy harmful microorganisms or to inhibit their activity (cf. disinfectants, which destroy microorganisms found on non-living objects, and antibiotics, which can be transported through the lymphatic system to destroy bacteria within the body). Wikipedia:Antiseptic chebi_ontology antiseptic antiseptic agent antiseptic agents antiseptics local antiinfective agents local microbicides topical antiinfective agents topical microbicides CHEBI:48218 antiseptic drug antiseptic ChEBI antiseptic agent ChEBI antiseptic agents ChEBI antiseptics ChEBI local antiinfective agents ChEBI local microbicides ChEBI topical antiinfective agents ChEBI topical microbicides ChEBI An antimicrobial agent that is applied to non-living objects to destroy harmful microorganisms or to inhibit their activity. chebi_ontology Desinfektionsmittel desinfectant disinfectants disinfecting agent CHEBI:48219 disinfectant Desinfektionsmittel ChEBI desinfectant ChEBI disinfectants ChEBI disinfecting agent ChEBI chebi_ontology serotonergic agents serotonergic drugs serotonin drugs CHEBI:48278 serotonergic drug serotonergic agents ChEBI serotonergic drugs ChEBI serotonin drugs ChEBI Drugs that bind to but do not activate serotonin receptors, thereby blocking the actions of serotonin or serotonergic agonists. chebi_ontology 5-HT antagonists 5-hydroxytryptamine antagonists antiserotonergic agents serotonin antagonists serotonin blockaders CHEBI:48279 serotonergic antagonist 5-HT antagonists ChEBI 5-hydroxytryptamine antagonists ChEBI antiserotonergic agents ChEBI serotonin antagonists ChEBI serotonin blockaders ChEBI A solvent that is composed of polar molecules. Polar solvents can dissolve ionic compounds or ionisable covalent compounds. polar solvent chebi_ontology polar solvents CHEBI:48354 polar solvent polar solvent IUPAC polar solvents ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:48355 non-polar solvent A polar solvent that is capable of acting as a hydron (proton) donor. protogenic solvent chebi_ontology CHEBI:48356 protic solvent protogenic solvent IUPAC chebi_ontology CHEBI:48357 aprotic solvent A solvent with a comparatively high relative permittivity (or dielectric constant), greater than ca. 15, and a sizable permanent dipole moment, that cannot donate suitably labile hydrogen atoms to form strong hydrogen bonds. dipolar aprotic solvent chebi_ontology CHEBI:48358 polar aprotic solvent dipolar aprotic solvent IUPAC chebi_ontology CHEBI:48359 protophilic solvent chebi_ontology CHEBI:48360 amphiprotic solvent 0 CH4N2O InChI=1S/CH4N2O/c2-1(3)4/h(H4,2,3,4) XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 60.05534 60.03236 NC(O)=N Beilstein:773698 CAS:4744-36-9 carbamimidic acid chebi_ontology H2N-C(=NH)-OH H2N-C(OH)=NH HO-C(=NH)-NH2 Isoharnstoff carbamimic acid carbonamidimidic acid isourea pseudourea CHEBI:48376 carbamimidic acid Beilstein:773698 Beilstein CAS:4744-36-9 ChemIDplus carbamimidic acid IUPAC H2N-C(=NH)-OH IUPAC H2N-C(OH)=NH IUPAC HO-C(=NH)-NH2 IUPAC Isoharnstoff ChEBI carbamimic acid ChemIDplus carbonamidimidic acid IUPAC isourea ChemIDplus pseudourea ChemIDplus Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing =O by =NR; thus tautomers of amides. In organic chemistry an unspecified imidic acid is generally a carboximidic acid, RC(=NR)(OH). imidic acid imidic acids chebi_ontology imidic acids imino acids CHEBI:48377 imidic acid imidic acid ChEBI imidic acids IUPAC imidic acids ChEBI imino acids IUPAC carboximidic acid carboximidic acids chebi_ontology carboximidic acids CHEBI:48378 carboximidic acid carboximidic acid ChEBI carboximidic acids IUPAC carboximidic acids ChEBI A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives. isoureas chebi_ontology isoureas CHEBI:48379 isourea isoureas IUPAC isoureas ChEBI Any drug that acts on an alpha-adrenergic receptor. chebi_ontology alpha-adrenergic drugs CHEBI:48539 alpha-adrenergic drug alpha-adrenergic drugs ChEBI Any of the drugs that act on beta-adrenergic receptors. chebi_ontology beta-adrenergic drugs CHEBI:48540 beta-adrenergic drug beta-adrenergic drugs ChEBI Esters or salts of methanesulfonic acid. chebi_ontology CHEBI:48544 methanesulfonates A drug used for its effects on dopamine receptors, on the life cycle of dopamine, or on the survival of dopaminergic neurons. chebi_ontology dopamine agent dopamine agents dopamine drug dopamine drugs dopaminergic agents CHEBI:48560 dopaminergic agent dopamine agent ChEBI dopamine agents ChEBI dopamine drug ChEBI dopamine drugs ChEBI dopaminergic agents ChEBI A drug that binds to but does not activate dopamine receptors, thereby blocking the actions of dopamine or exogenous agonists. chebi_ontology dopamine antagonist dopamine blocker dopamine receptor antagonist dopaminergic antagonists CHEBI:48561 dopaminergic antagonist dopamine antagonist ChEBI dopamine blocker ChEBI dopamine receptor antagonist ChEBI dopaminergic antagonists ChEBI A role played by a substance that can react readily with, and thereby eliminate, radicals. chebi_ontology free radical scavengers free-radical scavenger CHEBI:48578 radical scavenger free radical scavengers ChEBI free-radical scavenger ChEBI Substance which binds to cell receptors normally responding to naturally occurring substances and which produces a response of its own. agonist chebi_ontology agonista agoniste agonists CHEBI:48705 agonist agonist IUPAC agonista ChEBI agoniste ChEBI agonists ChEBI Substance that attaches to and blocks cell receptors that normally bind naturally occurring substances. antagonist chebi_ontology antagonista antagoniste antagonists CHEBI:48706 antagonist antagonist IUPAC antagonista ChEBI antagoniste ChEBI antagonists ChEBI 0 H2O3S InChI=1S/H2O3S/c1-4(2)3/h(H2,1,2,3) LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 82.08008 81.97247 OS(O)=O CHEBI:26837 CHEBI:9344 CAS:7782-99-2 Gmelin:1458 KEGG:C00094 KNApSAcK:C00019662 PDBeChem:SO3 UM-BBD_compID:c0348 Sulfurous acid dihydrogen trioxosulfate dihydroxidooxidosulfur sulfurous acid trioxosulfuric acid chebi_ontology H2SO3 S(O)(OH)2 Sulfite [SO(OH)2] acide sulfureux acido sulfuroso schweflige Saeure sulphurous acid CHEBI:48854 sulfurous acid CAS:7782-99-2 ChemIDplus Gmelin:1458 Gmelin UM-BBD_compID:c0348 UM-BBD Sulfurous acid KEGG_COMPOUND dihydrogen trioxosulfate IUPAC dihydroxidooxidosulfur IUPAC sulfurous acid IUPAC trioxosulfuric acid IUPAC H2SO3 IUPAC S(O)(OH)2 IUPAC Sulfite KEGG_COMPOUND [SO(OH)2] IUPAC acide sulfureux ChEBI acido sulfuroso ChEBI schweflige Saeure ChemIDplus sulphurous acid ChemIDplus A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures. 0 C7H11NO2 InChI=1S/C7H11NO2/c1-3-7(2)4-5(9)8-6(7)10/h3-4H2,1-2H3,(H,8,9,10) HAPOVYFOVVWLRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 141.16770 141.07898 CCC1(C)CC(=O)NC1=O CHEBI:131811 CAS:77-67-8 DrugBank:DB00593 Drug_Central:1087 HMDB:HMDB0014731 KEGG:C07505 KEGG:D00539 LINCS:LSM-5195 PMID:12873507 PMID:1681105 PMID:17011080 PMID:17046248 PMID:17451232 PMID:17481896 PMID:1847429 PMID:19005061 PMID:1992141 PMID:2061925 PMID:21332949 PMID:21945797 PMID:2296016 PMID:2308142 PMID:3336019 PMID:3820228 PMID:8246220 PMID:8627613 PMID:8691481 PMID:9016327 Reaxys:117054 Wikipedia:Ethosuximide 3-ethyl-3-methylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione Ethosuximide chebi_ontology (+-)-2-ethyl-2-methylsuccinimide 2-ethyl-2-methylsuccinimide 2-methyl-2-ethylsuccinimide 3-ethyl-3-methyl-2,5-pyrrolidinedione 3-ethyl-3-methylsuccinimide 3-methyl-3-ethylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione 3-methyl-3-ethylsuccinimide Aethosuximide alpha-ethyl-alpha-methylsuccinimide alpha-methyl-alpha-ethylsuccinimide ethosuximide ethosuximidum etosuximida gamma-ethyl-gamma-methyl-succinimide gamma-methyl-gamma-ethyl-succinimide CHEBI:4887 ethosuximide CAS:77-67-8 ChemIDplus CAS:77-67-8 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:77-67-8 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:1087 DrugCentral PMID:12873507 ChEMBL PMID:1681105 ChEMBL PMID:17011080 ChEMBL PMID:17046248 ChEMBL PMID:17451232 ChEMBL PMID:17481896 ChEMBL PMID:1847429 ChEMBL PMID:19005061 Europe PMC PMID:1992141 ChEMBL PMID:2061925 ChEMBL PMID:21332949 Europe PMC PMID:21945797 Europe PMC PMID:2296016 ChEMBL PMID:2308142 ChEMBL PMID:3336019 ChEMBL PMID:3820228 ChEMBL PMID:8246220 ChEMBL PMID:8627613 ChEMBL PMID:8691481 ChEMBL PMID:9016327 ChEMBL Reaxys:117054 Reaxys 3-ethyl-3-methylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione IUPAC Ethosuximide KEGG_COMPOUND (+-)-2-ethyl-2-methylsuccinimide ChemIDplus 2-ethyl-2-methylsuccinimide ChemIDplus 2-methyl-2-ethylsuccinimide ChemIDplus 3-ethyl-3-methyl-2,5-pyrrolidinedione ChEBI 3-ethyl-3-methylsuccinimide ChemIDplus 3-methyl-3-ethylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione ChemIDplus 3-methyl-3-ethylsuccinimide ChemIDplus Aethosuximide ChemIDplus alpha-ethyl-alpha-methylsuccinimide ChemIDplus alpha-methyl-alpha-ethylsuccinimide ChemIDplus ethosuximide ChemIDplus ethosuximide WHO_MedNet ethosuximidum ChemIDplus etosuximida ChemIDplus gamma-ethyl-gamma-methyl-succinimide ChEBI gamma-methyl-gamma-ethyl-succinimide ChemIDplus chebi_ontology imidazothiazoles CHEBI:48909 imidazothiazole imidazothiazoles ChEBI chebi_ontology substituted anilines CHEBI:48975 substituted aniline substituted anilines ChEBI A drug that acts principally at one or more sites within the peripheral neuroeffector systems, the autonomic system, and motor nerve-skeletal system. chebi_ontology peripheral nervous system agent peripheral nervous system drugs CHEBI:49110 peripheral nervous system drug peripheral nervous system agent ChEBI peripheral nervous system drugs ChEBI An EC 3.6.3.* (acid anhydride hydrolase catalysing transmembrane movement of substances) inhibitor that inhibits H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase, EC 3.6.3.10. Such compounds are also known as proton pump inhibitors. Wikipedia:Proton_pump_inhibitor chebi_ontology (K(+) + H(+))-ATPase inhibitor (K(+) + H(+))-ATPase inhibitors ATP phosphohydrolase (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging) inhibitor ATP phosphohydrolase (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging) inhibitors EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitors EC 3.6.3.10 inhibitor EC 3.6.3.10 inhibitors H(+)-K(+)-ATPase inhibitor H(+)-K(+)-ATPase inhibitors H(+)/K(+)-ATPase inhibitor H(+)/K(+)-ATPase inhibitors H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase inhibitor H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase inhibitors H,K-ATPase inhibitor H,K-ATPase inhibitors proton pump inhibitor proton pump inhibitors CHEBI:49200 EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor (K(+) + H(+))-ATPase inhibitor ChEBI (K(+) + H(+))-ATPase inhibitors ChEBI ATP phosphohydrolase (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging) inhibitor ChEBI ATP phosphohydrolase (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.6.3.10 inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.6.3.10 inhibitors ChEBI H(+)-K(+)-ATPase inhibitor ChEBI H(+)-K(+)-ATPase inhibitors ChEBI H(+)/K(+)-ATPase inhibitor ChEBI H(+)/K(+)-ATPase inhibitors ChEBI H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase inhibitor ChEBI H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase inhibitors ChEBI H,K-ATPase inhibitor ChEBI H,K-ATPase inhibitors ChEBI proton pump inhibitor ChEBI proton pump inhibitors ChEBI 0 H InChI=1S/H YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1.00794 1.00783 [H] CHEBI:24634 CHEBI:49636 WebElements:H hydrogen chebi_ontology 1H H Wasserstoff hidrogeno hydrogen hydrogene CHEBI:49637 hydrogen atom hydrogen IUPAC 1H IUPAC H IUPAC Wasserstoff ChEBI hidrogeno ChEBI hydrogen ChEBI hydrogene ChEBI 0 H3O3Sb InChI=1S/3H2O.Sb/h3*1H2;/q;;;+3/p-3 SZOADBKOANDULT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 172.78202 171.91203 [H]O[Sb](O[H])O[H] CHEBI:30296 CHEBI:49869 DrugBank:DB02453 Gmelin:558348 PDBeChem:SBO antimonous acid trihydroxidoantimony chebi_ontology H3SbO3 TRIHYDROXYANTIMONITE(III) [Sb(OH)3] stiborous acid CHEBI:49870 antimonous acid Gmelin:558348 Gmelin antimonous acid IUPAC trihydroxidoantimony IUPAC H3SbO3 IUPAC TRIHYDROXYANTIMONITE(III) ChemIDplus [Sb(OH)3] IUPAC stiborous acid IUPAC antimony coordination entity chebi_ontology antimony coordination compounds antimony coordination entities CHEBI:50007 antimony coordination entity antimony coordination entity ChEBI antimony coordination compounds ChEBI antimony coordination entities ChEBI A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups. chebi_ontology organic amino compounds CHEBI:50047 organic amino compound organic amino compounds ChEBI Any hormone that is responsible for controlling sexual characteristics and reproductive function. chebi_ontology Geschlechtshormon Geschlechtshormone Sexualhormon Sexualhormone hormone sexuelle hormones sexuelles sex hormones CHEBI:50112 sex hormone Geschlechtshormon ChEBI Geschlechtshormone ChEBI Sexualhormon ChEBI Sexualhormone ChEBI hormone sexuelle ChEBI hormones sexuelles ChEBI sex hormones ChEBI A hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of female sex characteristics in mammals by binding to oestrogen receptors. The oestrogens are named for their importance in the oestrous cycle. The oestrogens that occur naturally in the body, notably estrone, estradiol, estriol, and estetrol are steroids. Other compounds with oestrogenic activity are produced by plants (phytoestrogens) and fungi (mycoestrogens); synthetic compounds with oestrogenic activity are known as xenoestrogens. Wikipedia:Estrogen chebi_ontology Estrogene Oestrogen Oestrogene estrogene estrogenes estrogenes Hormon estrogeno estrogenos estrogens oestrogen oestrogene oestrogenes oestrogens CHEBI:50114 estrogen Estrogene ChEBI Oestrogen ChEBI Oestrogene ChEBI estrogene ChEBI estrogenes ChEBI estrogenes Hormon ChEBI estrogeno ChEBI estrogenos ChEBI estrogens ChEBI oestrogen ChEBI oestrogene ChEBI oestrogenes ChEBI oestrogens ChEBI 0 CF3 69.00591 68.99521 trifluoromethyl chebi_ontology -CF3 CHEBI:50127 trifluoromethyl group trifluoromethyl IUPAC -CF3 IUPAC A drug used to treat or prevent skin disorders or for the routine care of skin. chebi_ontology dermatologic agent dermatologic drugs dermatological agent CHEBI:50177 dermatologic drug dermatologic agent ChEBI dermatologic drugs ChEBI dermatological agent ChEBI A compound which inhibits the movement of an ion across an energy-transducing cell membrane. chebi_ontology ion transport inhibitors ion-transport inhibitor ion-transport inhibitors CHEBI:50184 ion transport inhibitor ion transport inhibitors ChEBI ion-transport inhibitor ChEBI ion-transport inhibitors ChEBI An EC 3.1.* (ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of a phosphoric diester hydrolase (EC 3.1.4.*). CHEBI:76774 chebi_ontology EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitors phosphodiesterase inhibitor phosphodiesterase inhibitors phosphoric diester hydrolase (EC 3.1.4.*) inhibitor phosphoric diester hydrolase (EC 3.1.4.*) inhibitors phosphoric diester hydrolase inhibitor phosphoric diester hydrolase inhibitors CHEBI:50218 EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitors ChEBI phosphodiesterase inhibitor ChEBI phosphodiesterase inhibitors ChEBI phosphoric diester hydrolase (EC 3.1.4.*) inhibitor ChEBI phosphoric diester hydrolase (EC 3.1.4.*) inhibitors ChEBI phosphoric diester hydrolase inhibitor ChEBI phosphoric diester hydrolase inhibitors ChEBI A compound that, on administration, must undergo chemical conversion by metabolic processes before becoming the pharmacologically active drug for which it is a prodrug. PMID:23993918 PMID:23998799 PMID:24329110 PMID:24628402 PMID:24709544 PMID:25144792 PMID:25157234 PMID:25269430 PMID:25391982 PMID:25591121 PMID:25620096 PMID:25795057 PMID:26028253 PMID:26184144 PMID:28070577 PMID:28215138 PMID:28219047 PMID:28259775 PMID:28319647 PMID:28329729 PMID:28334528 Wikipedia:Prodrug chebi_ontology Prodrugs CHEBI:50266 prodrug PMID:23993918 Europe PMC PMID:23998799 Europe PMC PMID:24329110 Europe PMC PMID:24628402 Europe PMC PMID:24709544 Europe PMC PMID:25144792 Europe PMC PMID:25157234 Europe PMC PMID:25269430 Europe PMC PMID:25391982 Europe PMC PMID:25591121 Europe PMC PMID:25620096 Europe PMC PMID:25795057 Europe PMC PMID:26028253 Europe PMC PMID:26184144 Europe PMC PMID:28070577 Europe PMC PMID:28215138 Europe PMC PMID:28219047 Europe PMC PMID:28259775 Europe PMC PMID:28319647 Europe PMC PMID:28329729 Europe PMC PMID:28334528 Europe PMC Prodrugs ChEBI Synthetic or natural substance which is given to prevent a disease or disorder or are used in the process of treating a disease or injury due to a poisonous agent. chebi_ontology chemoprotectant chemoprotectants chemoprotective agent chemoprotective agents protective agents CHEBI:50267 protective agent chemoprotectant ChEBI chemoprotectants ChEBI chemoprotective agent ChEBI chemoprotective agents ChEBI protective agents ChEBI chebi_ontology canonical nucleotide residues CHEBI:50297 canonical nucleotide residue canonical nucleotide residues ChEBI chebi_ontology canonical ribonucleotide residues CHEBI:50299 canonical ribonucleotide residue canonical ribonucleotide residues ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:50312 onium compound Mononuclear cations derived by addition of a hydron to a mononuclear parent hydride of the pnictogen, chalcogen and halogen families. onium cations chebi_ontology onium cations onium ion onium ions CHEBI:50313 onium cation onium cations IUPAC onium cations ChEBI onium ion ChEBI onium ions ChEBI +1 FH2 InChI=1S/FH2/h1H2/q+1 YNESUKSMQODWNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 21.01428 21.01350 [H][F+][H] fluoranium fluoronium chebi_ontology H2F(+) [FH2](+) CHEBI:50314 fluoronium fluoranium IUPAC fluoronium IUPAC H2F(+) IUPAC [FH2](+) ChEBI +1 ClH2 InChI=1S/ClH2/h1H2/q+1 IGJWHVUMEJASKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 37.46858 36.98395 [H][Cl+][H] Gmelin:331 chloranium chloronium chebi_ontology H2Cl(+) [ClH2](+) CHEBI:50315 chloronium Gmelin:331 Gmelin chloranium IUPAC chloronium IUPAC H2Cl(+) IUPAC [ClH2](+) IUPAC +1 BrH2 InChI=1S/BrH2/h1H2/q+1 IWNNBBVLEFUBNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 81.91988 80.93344 [H][Br+][H] Gmelin:719134 bromanium bromonium chebi_ontology H2Br(+) [BrH2](+) CHEBI:50316 bromonium Gmelin:719134 Gmelin bromanium IUPAC bromonium IUPAC H2Br(+) IUPAC [BrH2](+) ChEBI +1 H2I InChI=1S/H2I/h1H2/q+1 MGFYSGNNHQQTJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 128.92035 128.91957 [H][I+][H] Gmelin:1425841 iodanium iodonium chebi_ontology H2I(+) [IH2](+) CHEBI:50317 iodonium Gmelin:1425841 Gmelin iodanium IUPAC iodonium IUPAC H2I(+) IUPAC [IH2](+) IUPAC chebi_ontology nucleotide residues CHEBI:50319 nucleotide residue nucleotide residues ChEBI chebi_ontology nucleoside residues CHEBI:50320 nucleoside residue nucleoside residues ChEBI A univalent organyl group obtained by cleaving the bond from C-2 to the side chain of a proteinogenic amino-acid. chebi_ontology canonical amino-acid side-chain canonical amino-acid side-chains proteinogenic amino-acid side-chain proteinogenic amino-acid side-chain groups proteinogenic amino-acid side-chains CHEBI:50325 proteinogenic amino-acid side-chain group canonical amino-acid side-chain ChEBI canonical amino-acid side-chains ChEBI proteinogenic amino-acid side-chain ChEBI proteinogenic amino-acid side-chain groups ChEBI proteinogenic amino-acid side-chains ChEBI 0 CH3S 47.10052 46.99555 sulfanylmethyl chebi_ontology -CH2-SH HS-CH2- cysteine side-chain CHEBI:50326 sulfanylmethyl group sulfanylmethyl IUPAC -CH2-SH IUPAC HS-CH2- IUPAC cysteine side-chain ChEBI 0 C4H10N 72.12894 72.08132 4-aminobutyl chebi_ontology lysine side-chain CHEBI:50339 4-aminobutyl group 4-aminobutyl IUPAC lysine side-chain ChEBI Any of the macrolides obtained as fermentation products from the bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis and consisting of a 16-membered macrocyclic backbone that is fused both benzofuran and spiroketal functions and contains a disaccharide substituent. They have significant anthelmintic and insecticidal properties. PMID:22039784 PMID:22039799 PMID:22542398 PMID:23165468 PMID:8688633 Wikipedia:Avermectin avermectin chebi_ontology avermectins CHEBI:50344 avermectin PMID:22039784 Europe PMC PMID:22039799 Europe PMC PMID:22542398 Europe PMC PMID:23165468 Europe PMC PMID:8688633 Europe PMC avermectin ChEBI avermectins ChEBI chebi_ontology organic iodide salts CHEBI:50356 organic iodide salt organic iodide salts ChEBI A group derived from a haloalkane by removal of a hydrogen atom. chebi_ontology haloalkyl groups CHEBI:50491 haloalkyl group haloalkyl groups ChEBI Compounds containing a bipyridine group. chebi_ontology bipyridyls CHEBI:50511 bipyridines bipyridyls ChEBI A gamma-lactone that consists of a 2-furanone skeleton and its substituted derivatives. 0 C4H4O2 84.074 84.02113 CHEBI:22960 CHEBI:38121 Wikipedia:Butenolide furan-2-one chebi_ontology 2-furanone butenolides CHEBI:50523 butenolide furan-2-one IUPAC 2-furanone ChEBI butenolides ChEBI An aliphatic alcohol in which the aliphatic alkane chain is substituted by a hydroxy group at unspecified position. CHEBI:22937 CHEBI:50581 chebi_ontology alkyl alcohols hydroxyalkane hydroxyalkanes CHEBI:50584 alkyl alcohol alkyl alcohols ChEBI hydroxyalkane ChEBI hydroxyalkanes ChEBI A product in capsule, tablet or liquid form that provide essential nutrients, such as a vitamin, an essential mineral, a protein, an herb, or similar nutritional substance. chebi_ontology Dietary Supplement Food Supplementation Nutritional supplement CHEBI:50733 nutraceutical Dietary Supplement ChEBI Food Supplementation ChEBI Nutritional supplement ChEBI A nanometre sized object. chebi_ontology nanoestructura CHEBI:50795 nanostructure nanoestructura ChEBI A nanosized spherical or capsule-shaped structure. chebi_ontology NP Nanoteilchen nanoparticles nanoparticula nanoparticule CHEBI:50803 nanoparticle NP ChEBI Nanoteilchen ChEBI nanoparticles ChEBI nanoparticula ChEBI nanoparticule ChEBI A nanoparticle consisting of silver atoms. 0 Ag 107.868 106.90510 PMID:22128035 PMID:22148238 Wikipedia:Silver_nanoparticles chebi_ontology Ag nanoparticle Ag nanoparticles AgNP silver nanoparticles CHEBI:50826 silver nanoparticle PMID:22128035 Europe PMC PMID:22148238 Europe PMC Ag nanoparticle ChEBI Ag nanoparticles ChEBI AgNP ChEBI silver nanoparticles ChEBI Biologically active substance whose activity affects or plays a role in the functioning of the immune system. Wikipedia:Immunotherapy chebi_ontology Biomodulator Immune factor Immunologic factor Immunological factor immunomodulators CHEBI:50846 immunomodulator Biomodulator ChEBI Immune factor ChEBI Immunologic factor ChEBI Immunological factor ChEBI immunomodulators ChEBI A substance that augments, stimulates, activates, potentiates, or modulates the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. A classical agent (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contains bacterial antigens. It could also be endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Its mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy is related to its antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity. Wikipedia:Immunologic_adjuvant chebi_ontology Immunoactivator Immunoadjuvant Immunologic adjuvant Immunopotentiator Immunostimulant CHEBI:50847 immunological adjuvant Immunoactivator ChEBI Immunoadjuvant ChEBI Immunologic adjuvant ChEBI Immunopotentiator ChEBI Immunostimulant ChEBI A drug used to treat allergic reactions. chebi_ontology anti-allergic agents anti-allergic drug anti-allergic drugs CHEBI:50857 anti-allergic agent anti-allergic agents ChEBI anti-allergic drug ChEBI anti-allergic drugs ChEBI Any molecular entity that contains carbon. CHEBI:25700 CHEBI:33244 chebi_ontology organic compounds organic entity organic molecular entities CHEBI:50860 organic molecular entity organic compounds ChEBI organic entity ChEBI organic molecular entities ChEBI chebi_ontology azaarenes CHEBI:50893 azaarene azaarenes ChEBI A role played by a chemical compound to induce direct or indirect DNA damage. Such damage can potentially lead to the formation of a malignant tumour, but DNA damage does not lead inevitably to the creation of cancerous cells. Wikipedia:Genotoxicity chebi_ontology genotoxic agent genotoxic agents genotoxins CHEBI:50902 genotoxin genotoxic agent ChEBI genotoxic agents ChEBI genotoxins ChEBI A role played by a chemical compound which is known to induce a process of carcinogenesis by corrupting normal cellular pathways, leading to the acquistion of tumoral capabilities. chebi_ontology agente carcinogeno cancerigene cancerogene carcinogen carcinogene carcinogenic agents carcinogeno carcinogens CHEBI:50903 carcinogenic agent agente carcinogeno ChEBI cancerigene ChEBI cancerogene ChEBI carcinogen ChEBI carcinogene ChEBI carcinogenic agents ChEBI carcinogeno ChEBI carcinogens ChEBI A chemical compound, or part thereof, which causes the onset of an allergic reaction by interacting with any of the molecular pathways involved in an allergy. Wikipedia:Allergen chebi_ontology alergeno allergene allergenic agent CHEBI:50904 allergen alergeno ChEBI allergene ChEBI allergenic agent ChEBI A role played by a chemical compound in biological systems with adverse consequences in embryo developments, leading to birth defects, embryo death or altered development, growth retardation and functional defect. chebi_ontology agent teratogene teratogen teratogeno CHEBI:50905 teratogenic agent agent teratogene ChEBI teratogen ChEBI teratogeno ChEBI A role is particular behaviour which a material entity may exhibit. chebi_ontology CHEBI:50906 role A poison that interferes with the functions of the nervous system. CHEBI:50911 Wikipedia:Neurotoxin chebi_ontology agente neurotoxico nerve poison nerve poisons neurotoxic agent neurotoxic agents neurotoxicant neurotoxins CHEBI:50910 neurotoxin agente neurotoxico ChEBI nerve poison ChEBI nerve poisons ChEBI neurotoxic agent ChEBI neurotoxic agents ChEBI neurotoxicant ChEBI neurotoxins ChEBI An EC 2.7.11.* (protein-serine/threonine kinase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.1), a kinase enzyme involved in phosphorylation of hydroxy group of serine or threonine. CHEBI:75764 chebi_ontology A-kinase inhibitor A-kinase inhibitors AP50 kinase inhibitor AP50 kinase inhibitors ATP-protein transphosphorylase inhibitor ATP-protein transphosphorylase inhibitors ATP:protein phosphotransferase (non-specific) inhibitor ATP:protein phosphotransferase (non-specific) inhibitors BR serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 inhibitor BR serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 inhibitors CK-2 inhibitor CK-2 inhibitors CKI inhibitor CKI inhibitors CKII inhibitor CKII inhibitors EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitors EC 2.7.11.1 inhibitor EC 2.7.11.1 inhibitors HIPK2 inhibitor HIPK2 inhibitors Hpr kinase inhibitor Hpr kinase inhibitors M phase-specific cdc2 kinase inhibitor M phase-specific cdc2 kinase inhibitors MKNK2 inhibitor MKNK2 inhibitors PAK-1 inhibitor PAK-1 inhibitors PAK1 inhibitor PAK1 inhibitors PKA inhibitor PKA inhibitors Prp4 protein kinase inhibitor Prp4 protein kinase inhibitors Raf kinase inhibitor Raf kinase inhibitors Raf-1 inhibitor Raf-1 inhibitors STK32 inhibitor STK32 inhibitors T-antigen kinase inhibitor T-antigen kinase inhibitors WEE1Hu inhibitor WEE1Hu inhibitors Wee 1-like kinase inhibitor Wee 1-like kinase inhibitors Wee-kinase inhibitor Wee-kinase inhibitors betaIIPKC inhibitor betaIIPKC inhibitors cAMP-dependent protein kinase A inhibitor cAMP-dependent protein kinase A inhibitors cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitors cGMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor cGMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitors calcium-dependent protein kinase C inhibitor calcium-dependent protein kinase C inhibitors calcium/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase inhibitor calcium/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase inhibitors casein kinase (phosphorylating) inhibitor casein kinase (phosphorylating) inhibitors casein kinase 2 inhibitor casein kinase 2 inhibitors casein kinase I inhibitor casein kinase I inhibitors casein kinase II inhibitor casein kinase II inhibitors casein kinase inhibitor casein kinase inhibitors cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A inhibitor cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A inhibitors cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitors cyclic monophosphate-dependent protein kinase inhibitor cyclic monophosphate-dependent protein kinase inhibitors cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase inhibitor cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase inhibitors cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors dsk1 inhibitor dsk1 inhibitors epsilon PKC inhibitor epsilon PKC inhibitors glycogen synthase a kinase inhibitor glycogen synthase a kinase inhibitors glycogen synthase kinase inhibitor glycogen synthase kinase inhibitors hydroxyalkyl-protein kinase inhibitor hydroxyalkyl-protein kinase inhibitors mitogen-activated S6 kinase inhibitor mitogen-activated S6 kinase inhibitors non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.1) inhibitor non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.1) inhibitors non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase inhibitor non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase inhibitors p21 activated kinase-1 inhibitor p21 activated kinase-1 inhibitors p82 kinase inhibitor p82 kinase inhibitors phosphorylase b kinase kinase inhibitor phosphorylase b kinase kinase inhibitors protein glutamyl kinase inhibitor protein glutamyl kinase inhibitors protein kinase (phosphorylating) inhibitor protein kinase (phosphorylating) inhibitors protein kinase A inhibitor protein kinase A inhibitors protein kinase CK2 inhibitor protein kinase CK2 inhibitors protein kinase p58 inhibitor protein kinase p58 inhibitors protein phosphokinase inhibitor protein phosphokinase inhibitors protein serine kinase inhibitor protein serine kinase inhibitors protein serine-threonine kinase inhibitor protein serine-threonine kinase inhibitors protein-aspartyl kinase inhibitor protein-aspartyl kinase inhibitors protein-cysteine kinase inhibitor protein-cysteine kinase inhibitors protein-serine kinase inhibitor protein-serine kinase inhibitors protein-serine/threonine kinase inhibitors ribosomal S6 protein kinase inhibitor ribosomal S6 protein kinase inhibitors ribosomal protein S6 kinase II inhibitor ribosomal protein S6 kinase II inhibitors serine kinase inhibitor serine kinase inhibitors serine protein kinase inhibitor serine protein kinase inhibitors serine(threonine) protein kinase inhibitor serine(threonine) protein kinase inhibitors serine-specific protein kinase inhibitor serine-specific protein kinase inhibitors serine/threonine protein kinase inhibitor serine/threonine protein kinase inhibitors threonine-specific protein kinase inhibitor threonine-specific protein kinase inhibitors twitchin kinase inhibitor twitchin kinase inhibitors type-2 casein kinase inhibitor type-2 casein kinase inhibitors CHEBI:50925 EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor A-kinase inhibitor ChEBI A-kinase inhibitors ChEBI AP50 kinase inhibitor ChEBI AP50 kinase inhibitors ChEBI ATP-protein transphosphorylase inhibitor ChEBI ATP-protein transphosphorylase inhibitors ChEBI ATP:protein phosphotransferase (non-specific) inhibitor ChEBI ATP:protein phosphotransferase (non-specific) inhibitors ChEBI BR serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 inhibitor ChEBI BR serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 inhibitors ChEBI CK-2 inhibitor ChEBI CK-2 inhibitors ChEBI CKI inhibitor ChEBI CKI inhibitors ChEBI CKII inhibitor ChEBI CKII inhibitors ChEBI EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 2.7.11.1 inhibitor ChEBI EC 2.7.11.1 inhibitors ChEBI HIPK2 inhibitor ChEBI HIPK2 inhibitors ChEBI Hpr kinase inhibitor ChEBI Hpr kinase inhibitors ChEBI M phase-specific cdc2 kinase inhibitor ChEBI M phase-specific cdc2 kinase inhibitors ChEBI MKNK2 inhibitor ChEBI MKNK2 inhibitors ChEBI PAK-1 inhibitor ChEBI PAK-1 inhibitors ChEBI PAK1 inhibitor ChEBI PAK1 inhibitors ChEBI PKA inhibitor ChEBI PKA inhibitors ChEBI Prp4 protein kinase inhibitor ChEBI Prp4 protein kinase inhibitors ChEBI Raf kinase inhibitor ChEBI Raf kinase inhibitors ChEBI Raf-1 inhibitor ChEBI Raf-1 inhibitors ChEBI STK32 inhibitor ChEBI STK32 inhibitors ChEBI T-antigen kinase inhibitor ChEBI T-antigen kinase inhibitors ChEBI WEE1Hu inhibitor ChEBI WEE1Hu inhibitors ChEBI Wee 1-like kinase inhibitor ChEBI Wee 1-like kinase inhibitors ChEBI Wee-kinase inhibitor ChEBI Wee-kinase inhibitors ChEBI betaIIPKC inhibitor ChEBI betaIIPKC inhibitors ChEBI cAMP-dependent protein kinase A inhibitor ChEBI cAMP-dependent protein kinase A inhibitors ChEBI cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor ChEBI cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitors ChEBI cGMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor ChEBI cGMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitors ChEBI calcium-dependent protein kinase C inhibitor ChEBI calcium-dependent protein kinase C inhibitors ChEBI calcium/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase inhibitor ChEBI calcium/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase inhibitors ChEBI casein kinase (phosphorylating) inhibitor ChEBI casein kinase (phosphorylating) inhibitors ChEBI casein kinase 2 inhibitor ChEBI casein kinase 2 inhibitors ChEBI casein kinase I inhibitor ChEBI casein kinase I inhibitors ChEBI casein kinase II inhibitor ChEBI casein kinase II inhibitors ChEBI casein kinase inhibitor ChEBI casein kinase inhibitors ChEBI cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A inhibitor ChEBI cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A inhibitors ChEBI cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor ChEBI cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitors ChEBI cyclic monophosphate-dependent protein kinase inhibitor ChEBI cyclic monophosphate-dependent protein kinase inhibitors ChEBI cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase inhibitor ChEBI cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase inhibitors ChEBI cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor ChEBI cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors ChEBI dsk1 inhibitor ChEBI dsk1 inhibitors ChEBI epsilon PKC inhibitor ChEBI epsilon PKC inhibitors ChEBI glycogen synthase a kinase inhibitor ChEBI glycogen synthase a kinase inhibitors ChEBI glycogen synthase kinase inhibitor ChEBI glycogen synthase kinase inhibitors ChEBI hydroxyalkyl-protein kinase inhibitor ChEBI hydroxyalkyl-protein kinase inhibitors ChEBI mitogen-activated S6 kinase inhibitor ChEBI mitogen-activated S6 kinase inhibitors ChEBI non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.1) inhibitor ChEBI non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.1) inhibitors ChEBI non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase inhibitor ChEBI non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase inhibitors ChEBI p21 activated kinase-1 inhibitor ChEBI p21 activated kinase-1 inhibitors ChEBI p82 kinase inhibitor ChEBI p82 kinase inhibitors ChEBI phosphorylase b kinase kinase inhibitor ChEBI phosphorylase b kinase kinase inhibitors ChEBI protein glutamyl kinase inhibitor ChEBI protein glutamyl kinase inhibitors ChEBI protein kinase (phosphorylating) inhibitor ChEBI protein kinase (phosphorylating) inhibitors ChEBI protein kinase A inhibitor ChEBI protein kinase A inhibitors ChEBI protein kinase CK2 inhibitor ChEBI protein kinase CK2 inhibitors ChEBI protein kinase p58 inhibitor ChEBI protein kinase p58 inhibitors ChEBI protein phosphokinase inhibitor ChEBI protein phosphokinase inhibitors ChEBI protein serine kinase inhibitor ChEBI protein serine kinase inhibitors ChEBI protein serine-threonine kinase inhibitor ChEBI protein serine-threonine kinase inhibitors ChEBI protein-aspartyl kinase inhibitor ChEBI protein-aspartyl kinase inhibitors ChEBI protein-cysteine kinase inhibitor ChEBI protein-cysteine kinase inhibitors ChEBI protein-serine kinase inhibitor ChEBI protein-serine kinase inhibitors ChEBI protein-serine/threonine kinase inhibitors ChEBI ribosomal S6 protein kinase inhibitor ChEBI ribosomal S6 protein kinase inhibitors ChEBI ribosomal protein S6 kinase II inhibitor ChEBI ribosomal protein S6 kinase II inhibitors ChEBI serine kinase inhibitor ChEBI serine kinase inhibitors ChEBI serine protein kinase inhibitor ChEBI serine protein kinase inhibitors ChEBI serine(threonine) protein kinase inhibitor ChEBI serine(threonine) protein kinase inhibitors ChEBI serine-specific protein kinase inhibitor ChEBI serine-specific protein kinase inhibitors ChEBI serine/threonine protein kinase inhibitor ChEBI serine/threonine protein kinase inhibitors ChEBI threonine-specific protein kinase inhibitor ChEBI threonine-specific protein kinase inhibitors ChEBI twitchin kinase inhibitor ChEBI twitchin kinase inhibitors ChEBI type-2 casein kinase inhibitor ChEBI type-2 casein kinase inhibitors ChEBI A compound that specifically inhibits the reuptake of serotonin in the brain. This increases the serotonin concentration in the synaptic cleft which then activates serotonin receptors to a greater extent. Wikipedia:Selective_serotonin_reuptake_inhibitor chebi_ontology SSRI serotonin reuptake inhibitor CHEBI:50949 serotonin uptake inhibitor SSRI ChEBI serotonin reuptake inhibitor ChEBI A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one hydrogen atom by an organyl group. chebi_ontology primary amino compounds CHEBI:50994 primary amino compound primary amino compounds ChEBI A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing two hydrogen atoms by organyl groups. chebi_ontology secondary amino compounds CHEBI:50995 secondary amino compound secondary amino compounds ChEBI A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups. chebi_ontology tertiary amino compounds CHEBI:50996 tertiary amino compound tertiary amino compounds ChEBI A cyclic compound containing nine or more atoms as part of the cyclic system. Wikipedia:Macrocycle macrocycle chebi_ontology Makrocyclen Makrozyklen macrocycles makrocyclische Verbindungen makrozyklische Verbindungen CHEBI:51026 macrocycle macrocycle IUPAC Makrocyclen ChEBI Makrozyklen ChEBI macrocycles ChEBI makrocyclische Verbindungen ChEBI makrozyklische Verbindungen ChEBI A drug that modulates the function of the endocrine glands, the biosynthesis of their secreted hormones, or the action of hormones upon their specific sites. chebi_ontology hormone receptor modulators CHEBI:51061 hormone receptor modulator hormone receptor modulators ChEBI chebi_ontology organic halide salts CHEBI:51069 organic halide salt organic halide salts ChEBI 0 C22H25NO6 InChI=1S/C22H25NO6/c1-12(24)23-16-8-6-13-10-19(27-3)21(28-4)22(29-5)20(13)14-7-9-18(26-2)17(25)11-15(14)16/h7,9-11,16H,6,8H2,1-5H3,(H,23,24)/t16-/m1/s1 IAKHMKGGTNLKSZ-MRXNPFEDSA-N 399.43704 399.16819 COc1cc2CC[C@@H](NC(C)=O)c3cc(=O)c(OC)ccc3-c2c(OC)c1OC Beilstein:3226657 N-[(7R)-1,2,3,10-tetramethoxy-9-oxo-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrobenzo[a]heptalen-7-yl]acetamide chebi_ontology CHEBI:51074 (R)-colchicine Beilstein:3226657 Beilstein N-[(7R)-1,2,3,10-tetramethoxy-9-oxo-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrobenzo[a]heptalen-7-yl]acetamide IUPAC A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a chemical context. chebi_ontology CHEBI:51086 chemical role A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere. 0 C18H20N2 InChI=1S/C18H20N2/c1-19-10-11-20-17-9-5-3-7-15(17)12-14-6-2-4-8-16(14)18(20)13-19/h2-9,18H,10-13H2,1H3 UEQUQVLFIPOEMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 264.36480 264.16265 CN1CCN2C(C1)c1ccccc1Cc1ccccc21 Beilstein:755346 CAS:24219-97-4 DrugBank:DB06148 Drug_Central:1796 LINCS:LSM-1374 PMID:20825390 Patent:NL6603256 Patent:US3534041 Wikipedia:Mianserin 2-methyl-1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine chebi_ontology 1,2,3,4,10,14b-Hexahydro-2-methyldibenzo(c,f)pyrazino(1,2-a)azepine mianserin mianserina mianserine mianserinum CHEBI:51137 mianserin Beilstein:755346 Beilstein CAS:24219-97-4 ChemIDplus Drug_Central:1796 DrugCentral PMID:20825390 Europe PMC 2-methyl-1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine IUPAC 1,2,3,4,10,14b-Hexahydro-2-methyldibenzo(c,f)pyrazino(1,2-a)azepine ChemIDplus mianserin WHO_MedNet mianserina WHO_MedNet mianserine WHO_MedNet mianserinum WHO_MedNet CHEBI:25556 CHEBI:7594 KEGG:C06061 chebi_ontology Nitrogenous compounds nitrogen compounds nitrogen molecular entities CHEBI:51143 nitrogen molecular entity Nitrogenous compounds KEGG_COMPOUND nitrogen compounds ChEBI nitrogen molecular entities ChEBI An organic molecule that is electrically neutral carrying a positive and a negative charge in one of its major canonical descriptions. In most dipolar compounds the charges are delocalized; however the term is also applied to species where this is not the case. chebi_ontology dipolar compounds CHEBI:51151 dipolar compound dipolar compounds ChEBI A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. 0 C17H18F3NO 309.32610 309.13405 Beilstein:39914106 CAS:54910-89-3 DrugBank:DB00472 HMDB:HMDB0014615 KEGG:D00326 PMID:19144769 PMID:22903652 PMID:22923967 PMID:23885544 PMID:24184049 PMID:24399719 PMID:24464553 PMID:24997906 PMID:25448156 PMID:25639887 PMID:25671301 PMID:8694321 Patent:DE2500110 Patent:US4314081 Reaxys:3991406 Wikipedia:Fluoxetine rac-N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine chebi_ontology (+-)-N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-((alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-p-tolyl)oxy)propylamine (+-)-N-methyl-gamma-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)benzenepropanamine Prozac fluoxetina fluoxetine fluoxetinum CHEBI:5118 fluoxetine Beilstein:39914106 Beilstein CAS:54910-89-3 ChemIDplus CAS:54910-89-3 KEGG DRUG PMID:19144769 Europe PMC PMID:22903652 Europe PMC PMID:22923967 Europe PMC PMID:23885544 Europe PMC PMID:24184049 Europe PMC PMID:24399719 Europe PMC PMID:24464553 Europe PMC PMID:24997906 Europe PMC PMID:25448156 Europe PMC PMID:25639887 Europe PMC PMID:25671301 Europe PMC PMID:8694321 Europe PMC Reaxys:3991406 Reaxys rac-N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine IUPAC (+-)-N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-((alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-p-tolyl)oxy)propylamine ChemIDplus (+-)-N-methyl-gamma-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)benzenepropanamine ChemIDplus Prozac DrugBank fluoxetina ChemIDplus fluoxetine KEGG_DRUG fluoxetine WHO_MedNet fluoxetinum ChemIDplus A compound of general formula RC(=O)SR'. Compare with thionoester, RC(=S)OR'. 0 COSR2 60.07500 59.96699 [*]C(=O)S[*] chebi_ontology thio ester thioesters thiol ester CHEBI:51277 thioester thio ester ChEBI thioesters ChEBI thiol ester ChEBI 0 C3H6OS InChI=1S/C3H6OS/c1-3(4)5-2/h1-2H3 OATSQCXMYKYFQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 90.14514 90.01394 CSC(C)=O CHEBI:38533 CHEBI:51279 Beilstein:1736664 CAS:1534-08-3 Gmelin:1316927 S-methyl ethanethioate chebi_ontology CH3C(O)SCH3 ethanethioic acid, S-methyl ester methanethiol acetate methyl ethanethioate methyl thioacetate methylthioacetate thioacetic acid S-methyl ester CHEBI:51280 S-methyl thioacetate Beilstein:1736664 Beilstein CAS:1534-08-3 ChemIDplus CAS:1534-08-3 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:1316927 Gmelin S-methyl ethanethioate IUPAC CH3C(O)SCH3 NIST_Chemistry_WebBook ethanethioic acid, S-methyl ester ChemIDplus methanethiol acetate ChemIDplus methyl ethanethioate NIST_Chemistry_WebBook methyl thioacetate ChemIDplus methylthioacetate ChemIDplus thioacetic acid S-methyl ester NIST_Chemistry_WebBook An alkaloid based on a cinchonan skeleton. chebi_ontology cinchona alkaloids CHEBI:51323 cinchona alkaloid cinchona alkaloids ChEBI A drug used to produce muscle relaxation (excepting neuromuscular blocking agents). Its primary clinical and therapeutic use is the treatment of muscle spasm and immobility associated with strains, sprains, and injuries of the back and, to a lesser degree, injuries to the neck. Also used for the treatment of a variety of clinical conditions that have in common only the presence of skeletal muscle hyperactivity, for example, the muscle spasms that can occur in multiple sclerosis. chebi_ontology muscle relaxants CHEBI:51371 muscle relaxant muscle relaxants ChEBI A drug used for its actions on skeletal muscle. chebi_ontology CHEBI:51372 neuromuscular agent A drug that binds to and activates gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors. chebi_ontology GABA agonists GABA receptor agonist GABA receptor agonists gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor agonist gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor agonists CHEBI:51373 GABA agonist GABA agonists ChEBI GABA receptor agonist ChEBI GABA receptor agonists ChEBI gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor agonist ChEBI gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor agonists ChEBI A substance, such as agonists, antagonists, degradation or uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function, used for its pharmacological actions on GABAergic systems. chebi_ontology CHEBI:51374 GABA agent Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having two free valences at carbon atom(s). chebi_ontology organodiyl groups CHEBI:51422 organodiyl group organodiyl groups ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:51446 organic divalent group chebi_ontology CHEBI:51447 organic univalent group An alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)R(4) (R(4) =/= H) in which the C=O function is conjugated to a C=C double bond at the alpha,beta position. 0 C3OR4 52.03150 51.99491 [*]\C([*])=C(\[*])C([*])=O Wikipedia:Enone chebi_ontology enones CHEBI:51689 enone enones ChEBI An alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)OR(4) (R(4) =/= H) in which the ester C=O function is conjugated to a C=C double bond at the alpha,beta position. 0 C3O2R4 68.03090 67.98983 [*]\C([*])=C(\[*])C(=O)O[*] chebi_ontology enoate enoate esters enoates CHEBI:51702 enoate ester enoate ChEBI enoate esters ChEBI enoates ChEBI A ketone of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)R(4) (R(4) =/= H) or R(1)C#C-C(=O)R(2) (R(2) =/= H) in which the ketonic C=O function is conjugated to an unsaturated C-C bond at the alpha,beta position. chebi_ontology alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones CHEBI:51721 alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones ChEBI A carboxylic ester of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)OR(4) (R(4) =/= H) or R(1)C#C-C(=O)OR(2) (R(2) =/= H) in which the ester C=O function is conjugated to an unsaturated C-C bond at the alpha,beta position. chebi_ontology alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic esters CHEBI:51737 alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic esters ChEBI A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H). chebi_ontology methyl ketones CHEBI:51867 methyl ketone methyl ketones ChEBI A diketone that has its two ketone functionalities on adjacent atoms. chebi_ontology alpha-diketones CHEBI:51869 alpha-diketone alpha-diketones ChEBI chebi_ontology organic polycyclic compounds CHEBI:51958 organic polycyclic compound organic polycyclic compounds ChEBI chebi_ontology organic tricyclic compounds CHEBI:51959 organic tricyclic compound organic tricyclic compounds ChEBI An organic anion that is the conjugate base of methanol. -1 CH3O InChI=1S/CH3O/c1-2/h1H3/q-1 NBTOZLQBSIZIKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 31.03390 31.01894 C[O-] Reaxys:1839368 chebi_ontology methoxide ion CHEBI:52090 methoxide Reaxys:1839368 Reaxys methoxide ion ChEBI An organic anion that is the conjugate base of ethanol. -1 C2H5O InChI=1S/C2H5O/c1-2-3/h2H2,1H3/q-1 HHFAWKCIHAUFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 45.06050 45.03459 CC[O-] Beilstein:1839415 Reaxys:1839415 chebi_ontology ethoxy anion CHEBI:52092 ethoxide Beilstein:1839415 Beilstein Reaxys:1839415 Reaxys ethoxy anion ChEBI A biological role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biochemical context. chebi_ontology CHEBI:52206 biochemical role chebi_ontology CHEBI:52208 biophysical role A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof which causes the development of a pathological process. chebi_ontology etiopathogenetic agent etiopathogenetic role CHEBI:52209 aetiopathogenetic role etiopathogenetic agent ChEBI etiopathogenetic role ChEBI A biological role which describes how a drug interacts within a biological system and how the interactions affect its medicinal properties. chebi_ontology CHEBI:52210 pharmacological role chebi_ontology CHEBI:52211 physiological role Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose. CHEBI:33293 CHEBI:33294 chebi_ontology farmaco medicament pharmaceuticals CHEBI:52217 pharmaceutical farmaco ChEBI medicament ChEBI pharmaceuticals ChEBI A chemical substance that encourages a cell to commence cell division, triggering mitosis. chebi_ontology mitogens CHEBI:52290 mitogen mitogens ChEBI A compound with the general formula R2C=O (R=/=H) where one or more of the R groups contains an oxy (-O-) group. chebi_ontology oxyketones CHEBI:52395 oxyketone oxyketones ChEBI An oxyketone with the general formula R2C(=O) (R=/=H) where one or more of the R groups contains an oxy (-O-) group and the oxy and carbonyl groups are bonded to the same carbon atom. chebi_ontology alpha-oxyketones CHEBI:52396 alpha-oxyketone alpha-oxyketones ChEBI A diterpenoid with a tetracyclic skeleton. chebi_ontology tetracyclic diterpenoids CHEBI:52557 tetracyclic diterpenoid tetracyclic diterpenoids ChEBI An organic group that consists of a closed ring. It may be a substituent or a skeleton. chebi_ontology cyclic organic groups CHEBI:52845 cyclic organic group cyclic organic groups ChEBI A nanoparticle that contains no carbon. chebi_ontology inorganic nanoparticles CHEBI:52855 inorganic nanoparticle inorganic nanoparticles ChEBI The biological role played by a material entity when bound by a receptor of the adaptive immune system. Specific site on an antigen to which an antibody binds. chebi_ontology antigenic determinant epitope function epitope role CHEBI:53000 epitope antigenic determinant ChEBI epitope function ChEBI epitope role ChEBI An antagonist at the A2A receptor. Wikipedia:Adenosine_A2A_receptor chebi_ontology adenosine A2A receptor antagonists CHEBI:53121 adenosine A2A receptor antagonist adenosine A2A receptor antagonists ChEBI Organonitrogen compounds that are derivatives of isocyanic acid; compounds containing the isocyanate functional group -N=C=O (as opposed to the cyanate group, -O-C#N). chebi_ontology iso-cyanates CHEBI:53212 isocyanates iso-cyanates ChEBI A drug used for its effects on the gastrointestinal system, e.g. controlling gastric acidity, regulating gastrointestinal motility and water flow, and improving digestion. chebi_ontology gastrointestinal agent gastrointestinal agents gastrointestinal drugs CHEBI:55324 gastrointestinal drug gastrointestinal agent ChEBI gastrointestinal agents ChEBI gastrointestinal drugs ChEBI Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent. CHEBI:46813 isoxazoles chebi_ontology 1,2-oxazoles CHEBI:55373 isoxazoles isoxazoles ChEBI 1,2-oxazoles ChEBI An oxazolidine containing one or more oxo groups. chebi_ontology oxazolidinones CHEBI:55374 oxazolidinone oxazolidinones ChEBI A haloalkane comprising ethane having three flouro substituents at the 1-position as well as bromo- and chloro substituents at the 2-position. 0 C2HBrClF3 InChI=1S/C2HBrClF3/c3-1(4)2(5,6)7/h1H BCQZXOMGPXTTIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 197.38125 195.89022 [H]C(Cl)(Br)C(F)(F)F Beilstein:1736947 CAS:151-67-7 DrugBank:DB01159 Drug_Central:1356 Gmelin:793752 KEGG:C07515 KEGG:D00542 PMID:7519986 VSDB:1806 Wikipedia:Halothane 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane Halothane chebi_ontology 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-bromo-2-chloroethane 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloro-2-bromoethane 1-bromo-1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-chloro-1-bromoethane 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane Fluothane Narcotane Phthorothanum Rhodialothan bromochlorotrifluoroethane CHEBI:5615 halothane Beilstein:1736947 Beilstein CAS:151-67-7 ChemIDplus CAS:151-67-7 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:151-67-7 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:1356 DrugCentral Gmelin:793752 Gmelin PMID:7519986 Europe PMC 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane IUPAC Halothane KEGG_COMPOUND 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-bromo-2-chloroethane NIST_Chemistry_WebBook 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloro-2-bromoethane NIST_Chemistry_WebBook 1-bromo-1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane NIST_Chemistry_WebBook 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-chloro-1-bromoethane NIST_Chemistry_WebBook 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Fluothane NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Narcotane ChemIDplus Phthorothanum ChemIDplus Rhodialothan NIST_Chemistry_WebBook bromochlorotrifluoroethane NIST_Chemistry_WebBook A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of at least two different elements. Heterocyclic compound chebi_ontology compuesto heterociclico compuestos heterociclicos heterocycle heterocyclic compounds CHEBI:5686 heterocyclic compound Heterocyclic compound KEGG_COMPOUND compuesto heterociclico IUPAC compuestos heterociclicos IUPAC heterocycle ChEBI heterocyclic compounds ChEBI A ribonucleoside triphosphate oxoanion that is the trianion of adenosine 5'-triphosphate arising from deprotonation of three of the four free triphosphate OH groups. -3 C10H13N5O13P3 InChI=1S/C10H16N5O13P3/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(17)6(16)4(26-10)1-25-30(21,22)28-31(23,24)27-29(18,19)20/h2-4,6-7,10,16-17H,1H2,(H,21,22)(H,23,24)(H2,11,12,13)(H2,18,19,20)/p-3/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1 ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-KQYNXXCUSA-K 504.15720 503.97392 Nc1ncnc2n(cnc12)[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP(O)([O-])=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O Beilstein:9535056 ATP(3-) chebi_ontology CHEBI:57299 ATP(3-) Beilstein:9535056 Beilstein ATP(3-) UniProt The conjugate base of a nucleoside 5'-phosphate. -2 C5H7O6PR2 194.07920 193.99802 O[C@H]1[C@@H]([*])[C@H]([*])O[C@@H]1COP([O-])([O-])=O chebi_ontology a nucleoside 5'-phosphate nucleoside 5'-phosphate dianions CHEBI:57867 nucleoside 5'-phosphate dianion a nucleoside 5'-phosphate UniProt nucleoside 5'-phosphate dianions ChEBI An ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of tryptamine arising from protonation of the primary amino group; major species at pH 7.3. +1 C10H13N2 InChI=1S/C10H12N2/c11-6-5-8-7-12-10-4-2-1-3-9(8)10/h1-4,7,12H,5-6,11H2/p+1 APJYDQYYACXCRM-UHFFFAOYSA-O 161.22310 161.10732 [NH3+]CCc1c[nH]c2ccccc12 Gmelin:533978 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethanaminium chebi_ontology tryptamine tryptaminium cation tryptaminium(1+) CHEBI:57887 tryptaminium Gmelin:533978 Gmelin 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethanaminium IUPAC tryptamine UniProt tryptaminium cation ChEBI tryptaminium(1+) ChEBI A peptide anion obtained by deprotonation of both carboxy groups and protonation of the glutamyl amino group of glutathione; major species at pH 7.3. -1 C10H16N3O6S InChI=1S/C10H17N3O6S/c11-5(10(18)19)1-2-7(14)13-6(4-20)9(17)12-3-8(15)16/h5-6,20H,1-4,11H2,(H,12,17)(H,13,14)(H,15,16)(H,18,19)/p-1/t5-,6-/m0/s1 RWSXRVCMGQZWBV-WDSKDSINSA-M 306.310 306.07653 [NH3+][C@@H](CCC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)NCC(=O)[O-])C(=O)[O-] PMID:4200890 PMID:4745654 chebi_ontology glutathionate glutathionate anion glutathionate ion glutathione CHEBI:57925 glutathionate(1-) PMID:4200890 Europe PMC PMID:4745654 Europe PMC glutathionate ChEBI glutathionate anion ChEBI glutathionate ion ChEBI glutathione UniProt The conjugate acid of a primary aliphatic amine. +1 CH5NR 31.05710 31.04220 [NH3+]C[*] chebi_ontology an aliphatic amine primary aliphatic ammonium cation primary aliphatic ammonium cations primary aliphatic ammonium ions CHEBI:58001 primary aliphatic ammonium ion an aliphatic amine UniProt primary aliphatic ammonium cation ChEBI primary aliphatic ammonium cations ChEBI primary aliphatic ammonium ions ChEBI The conjugate acid of octopamine; major species at pH 7.3. +1 C8H12NO2 InChI=1S/C8H11NO2/c9-5-8(11)6-1-3-7(10)4-2-6/h1-4,8,10-11H,5,9H2/p+1 QHGUCRYDKWKLMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 154.18640 154.08626 [NH3+]CC(O)c1ccc(O)cc1 2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanaminium chebi_ontology 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol 2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethan-1-aminium 4-(2-ammonio-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol 4-(2-azaniumyl-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol octopaminium cation octopaminium(1+) CHEBI:58025 octopaminium 2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanaminium IUPAC 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol UniProt 2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethan-1-aminium ChEBI 4-(2-ammonio-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol ChEBI 4-(2-azaniumyl-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol ChEBI octopaminium cation ChEBI octopaminium(1+) ChEBI Trianion of nucleoside triphosphate arising from deprotonation of three of the four free triphosphate OH groups; major species at pH 7.3. -3 C5H9O13P3R 370.039 369.92560 [C@H]1([C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O1)*)O)COP(OP(OP(=O)([O-])O)(=O)[O-])(=O)[O-] chebi_ontology NTP trianion NTP(3-) nucleoside triphosphate trianion ribonucleoside triphosphate trianion ribonucleoside triphosphate(3-) CHEBI:58104 nucleoside triphosphate(3-) NTP trianion ChEBI NTP(3-) ChEBI nucleoside triphosphate trianion ChEBI ribonucleoside triphosphate trianion ChEBI ribonucleoside triphosphate(3-) ChEBI An organophosphate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of 3',5'-cyclic AMP arising from deprotonation of the free phosphate OH group; major species at pH 7.3. -1 C10H11N5O6P InChI=1S/C10H12N5O6P/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-6(16)7-4(20-10)1-19-22(17,18)21-7/h2-4,6-7,10,16H,1H2,(H,17,18)(H2,11,12,13)/p-1/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1 IVOMOUWHDPKRLL-KQYNXXCUSA-M 328.19800 328.04524 Nc1ncnc2n(cnc12)[C@@H]1O[C@@H]2COP([O-])(=O)O[C@H]2[C@H]1O PMID:7870041 PMID:7870042 Reaxys:3720459 adenosine 3',5'-phosphate chebi_ontology 3',5'-cyclic AMP 3',5'-cyclic AMP anion adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate anion adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate(1-) CHEBI:58165 3',5'-cyclic AMP(1-) PMID:7870041 Europe PMC PMID:7870042 Europe PMC Reaxys:3720459 Reaxys adenosine 3',5'-phosphate IUPAC 3',5'-cyclic AMP UniProt 3',5'-cyclic AMP anion ChEBI adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate ChEBI adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate anion ChEBI adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate(1-) ChEBI The conjugate base of a nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate. -1 C5H6O5PR2 177.07190 176.99528 [O-]P1(=O)OC[C@H]2O[C@@H]([*])[C@H]([*])[C@@H]2O1 chebi_ontology a nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate anions CHEBI:58464 nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate anion a nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate UniProt nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate anions ChEBI An organic phosphoric acid derivative in which one or more oxygen atoms of the phosphate group(s) has been deprotonated. chebi_ontology organophosphate oxoanions CHEBI:58945 organophosphate oxoanion organophosphate oxoanions ChEBI Any fatty acid anion obtained by removal of a proton from the carboxy group of a short-chain fatty acid (chain length of less than C6). -1 CO2R 44.010 43.98983 [O-]C([*])=O chebi_ontology a short-chain fatty acid short-chain fatty acid anions CHEBI:58951 short-chain fatty acid anion a short-chain fatty acid UniProt short-chain fatty acid anions ChEBI Any fatty acid anion in which there is no C-C unsaturation. chebi_ontology saturated fatty acid anions CHEBI:58953 saturated fatty acid anion saturated fatty acid anions ChEBI Any saturated fatty acid anion lacking a carbon side-chain. chebi_ontology straight-chain saturated fatty acid anions CHEBI:58954 straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion straight-chain saturated fatty acid anions ChEBI The isocyanate that is methane modified by a single isocyanato substituent. 0 C2H3NO InChI=1S/C2H3NO/c1-3-2-4/h1H3 HAMGRBXTJNITHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 57.05130 57.02146 CN=C=O Beilstein:605318 CAS:624-83-9 DrugBank:DB04337 Gmelin:100500 PMID:16091349 PMID:19494520 PMID:24081639 PMID:3622432 PMID:6821040 Reaxys:605318 isocyanatomethane chebi_ontology Iso-cyanatomethane Isocyanate de methyle MIC Methyl carbonimide Methyl isocyanide Methylcarbylamine isocyanatomethane CHEBI:59059 methyl isocyanate Beilstein:605318 ChemIDplus CAS:624-83-9 ChemIDplus CAS:624-83-9 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:100500 Gmelin PMID:16091349 Europe PMC PMID:19494520 Europe PMC PMID:24081639 Europe PMC PMID:3622432 Europe PMC PMID:6821040 Europe PMC Reaxys:605318 Reaxys isocyanatomethane IUPAC Iso-cyanatomethane ChemIDplus Isocyanate de methyle ChemIDplus MIC NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Methyl carbonimide ChemIDplus Methyl isocyanide ChemIDplus Methylcarbylamine ChemIDplus isocyanatomethane ChEBI Cinchonan or its (8S)-epimer. 0 C19H22N2 InChI=1S/C19H22N2/c1-2-14-13-21-10-8-15(14)11-17(21)12-16-7-9-20-19-6-4-3-5-18(16)19/h2-7,9,14-15,17H,1,8,10-13H2/t14-,15-,17?/m0/s1 UFJOYVQIDSNLHC-GIIGEWEBSA-N 278.39140 278.17830 C=C[C@H]1C[N@@]2CC[C@H]1CC2Cc1ccnc2ccccc12 (8xi)-cinchonan chebi_ontology CHEBI:59137 (8xi)-cinchonan (8xi)-cinchonan IUPAC The (8S)-epimer of cinchonan. 0 C19H22N2 InChI=1S/C19H22N2/c1-2-14-13-21-10-8-15(14)11-17(21)12-16-7-9-20-19-6-4-3-5-18(16)19/h2-7,9,14-15,17H,1,8,10-13H2/t14-,15-,17-/m0/s1 UFJOYVQIDSNLHC-ZOBUZTSGSA-N 278.39140 278.17830 [H][C@]1(C[C@@H]2CC[N@]1C[C@@H]2C=C)Cc1ccnc2ccccc12 Beilstein:88419 (8S)-cinchonan (8alpha)-cinchonan chebi_ontology 4-((1S,2S,4S,5R)-5-vinyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-ylmethyl)quinoline CHEBI:59138 (8S)-cinchonan Beilstein:88419 Beilstein (8S)-cinchonan ChEBI (8alpha)-cinchonan IUPAC 4-((1S,2S,4S,5R)-5-vinyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-ylmethyl)quinoline ChEBI A substance used as an indicator of a biological state. chebi_ontology biological marker CHEBI:59163 biomarker biological marker ChEBI Any fatty acid whose skeletal carbon atoms form an unbranched open chain. chebi_ontology straight-chain fatty acids CHEBI:59202 straight-chain fatty acid straight-chain fatty acids ChEBI A fatty acid anion formed by deprotonation of the carboxylic acid functional group of a straight-chain fatty acid. chebi_ontology straight-chain FA anion straight-chain FA anions straight-chain fatty acid anions CHEBI:59203 straight-chain fatty acid anion straight-chain FA anion ChEBI straight-chain FA anions ChEBI straight-chain fatty acid anions ChEBI Any EC 3.4.* (hydrolases acting on peptide bond) inhibitor that inhibits the activity of a serine endopeptidase (EC 3.4.21.*). chebi_ontology EC 3.4.21.* (serine endopeptidase) inhibitors EC 3.4.21.* inhibitor EC 3.4.21.* inhibitors inhibitor of serine endopeptidase (EC 3.4.21.*) inhibitor of serine endopeptidase (EC 3.4.21.*)s serine endopeptidase inhibitor serine endopeptidase inhibitors CHEBI:5924 EC 3.4.21.* (serine endopeptidase) inhibitor EC 3.4.21.* (serine endopeptidase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.4.21.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.4.21.* inhibitors ChEBI inhibitor of serine endopeptidase (EC 3.4.21.*) ChEBI inhibitor of serine endopeptidase (EC 3.4.21.*)s ChEBI serine endopeptidase inhibitor ChEBI serine endopeptidase inhibitors ChEBI Any substance that inhibits the synthesis of DNA. chebi_ontology DNA synthesis inhibitors CHEBI:59517 DNA synthesis inhibitor DNA synthesis inhibitors ChEBI Any fatty acid with a chain length of between C6 and C12. 0 CHO2R 45.01740 44.99765 OC([*])=O chebi_ontology MCFA MCFAs medium-chain fatty acids CHEBI:59554 medium-chain fatty acid MCFA ChEBI MCFAs ChEBI medium-chain fatty acids ChEBI A fatty acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxylic acid moiety of a medium-chain fatty acid. -1 CO2R 44.010 43.98983 [O-]C([*])=O chebi_ontology MCFA anion MCFA anions a medium chain fatty acid medium-chain FA anion medium-chain FA anions medium-chain fatty acid anions CHEBI:59558 medium-chain fatty acid anion MCFA anion ChEBI MCFA anions ChEBI a medium chain fatty acid UniProt medium-chain FA anion ChEBI medium-chain FA anions ChEBI medium-chain fatty acid anions ChEBI An organic anion that is the conjugate base of diamino acid. chebi_ontology diamino acid anions CHEBI:59561 diamino acid anion diamino acid anions ChEBI A drug, usually applied topically, that relieves pruritus (itching). chebi_ontology anti-itching drug anti-itching drugs antipruritic agent antipruritic agents antipruritic drugs CHEBI:59683 antipruritic drug anti-itching drug ChEBI anti-itching drugs ChEBI antipruritic agent ChEBI antipruritic agents ChEBI antipruritic drugs ChEBI Compounds containing one or more phosphoric acid units. chebi_ontology CHEBI:59698 phosphoric acids An organophosphate anion resulting from deprotonation of at least one of the acidic hydroxy groups from the triphosphate moiety of a nucleoside triphosphate. chebi_ontology ribonucleoside triphosphate anion ribonucleoside triphosphate anions ribonucleoside triphosphate oxoanions CHEBI:59724 ribonucleoside triphosphate oxoanion ribonucleoside triphosphate anion ChEBI ribonucleoside triphosphate anions ChEBI ribonucleoside triphosphate oxoanions ChEBI A reagent that forms a bond to its reaction partner (the electrophile) by donating both bonding electrons. chebi_ontology nucleophile nucleophiles nucleophilic reagents CHEBI:59740 nucleophilic reagent nucleophile ChEBI nucleophiles ChEBI nucleophilic reagents ChEBI An organooxygen compound having the structure RR'C(OR'')(OR''') (R'', R''' =/= H). Mixed acetals have R'' and R''' groups which differ. chebi_ontology acetals CHEBI:59769 acetal acetals ChEBI An acetal of formula R2C(OR)2 (R =/= H) derived from a ketone by replacement of the oxo group by two hydrocarbyloxy groups. The class name 'ketals', once abandoned by IUPAC, has been reinstated as a subclass of acetals. chebi_ontology ketals CHEBI:59777 ketal ketals ChEBI A ketal in the molecule of which the ketal carbon and one or both oxygen atoms thereon are members of a ring. chebi_ontology cyclic ketals CHEBI:59779 cyclic ketal cyclic ketals ChEBI The conjugate acid of (S)-nicotine arising from selective protonation of the tertiary amino group; major species at pH 7.3. +1 C10H15N2 InChI=1S/C10H14N2/c1-12-7-3-5-10(12)9-4-2-6-11-8-9/h2,4,6,8,10H,3,5,7H2,1H3/p+1/t10-/m0/s1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-O 163.23900 163.12297 C[NH+]1CCC[C@H]1c1cccnc1 Gmelin:329042 MetaCyc:NICOTINE (2S)-1-methyl-2-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrrolidinium chebi_ontology (S)-nicotine (S)-nicotinium cation CHEBI:59806 (S)-nicotinium(1+) Gmelin:329042 Gmelin (2S)-1-methyl-2-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrrolidinium IUPAC (S)-nicotine UniProt (S)-nicotinium cation ChEBI Conjugate base of an L-alpha-amino acid arising from deprotonation of the C-1 carboxy group. -1 C2H3NO2R 73.051 73.01638 [C@H](C(=O)[O-])(N)* chebi_ontology L-alpha-amino carboxylate CHEBI:59814 L-alpha-amino acid anion L-alpha-amino carboxylate ChEBI Zwitterionic form of an L-alpha-amino acid having an anionic carboxy group and a protonated amino group. 0 C2H4NO2R 74.059 74.02420 [NH3+][C@@H]([*])C([O-])=O chebi_ontology L-alpha-amino acid zwitterions an L-alpha-amino acid CHEBI:59869 L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion L-alpha-amino acid zwitterions ChEBI an L-alpha-amino acid UniProt Zwitterionic form of a D-alpha-amino acid having an anionic carboxy group and a protonated amino group. 0 C2H4NO2R 74.059 74.02420 [NH3+][C@H]([*])C([O-])=O chebi_ontology D-alpha-amino acid zwitterions a D-alpha-amino acid CHEBI:59871 D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion D-alpha-amino acid zwitterions ChEBI a D-alpha-amino acid UniProt Zwitterionic form of gamma-aminobutyric acid having an anionic carboxy group and a protonated amino group. 0 C4H9NO2 InChI=1S/C4H9NO2/c5-3-1-2-4(6)7/h1-3,5H2,(H,6,7) BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 103.11980 103.06333 [NH3+]CCCC([O-])=O Gmelin:1041559 4-azaniumylbutanoate chebi_ontology 4-aminobutanoate 4-ammoniobutanoate CHEBI:59888 gamma-aminobutyric acid zwitterion Gmelin:1041559 Gmelin 4-azaniumylbutanoate IUPAC 4-aminobutanoate UniProt 4-ammoniobutanoate ChEBI An ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of dopamine; major species at pH 7.3. +1 C8H12NO2 InChI=1S/C8H11NO2/c9-4-3-6-1-2-7(10)8(11)5-6/h1-2,5,10-11H,3-4,9H2/p+1 VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-O 154.18640 154.08626 [NH3+]CCc1ccc(O)c(O)c1 Gmelin:328863 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanaminium chebi_ontology 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethan-1-aminium dopamine dopaminium cation CHEBI:59905 dopaminium(1+) Gmelin:328863 Gmelin 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanaminium IUPAC 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethan-1-aminium ChEBI dopamine UniProt dopaminium cation ChEBI A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types. chebi_ontology Chemische Substanz CHEBI:59999 chemical substance Chemische Substanz ChEBI A mixture is a chemical substance composed of multiple molecules, at least two of which are of a different kind. chebi_ontology Mischung CHEBI:60004 mixture Mischung ChEBI 0 C3H2ClF5O InChI=1S/C3H2ClF5O/c4-1(3(7,8)9)10-2(5)6/h1-2H PIWKPBJCKXDKJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 184.49210 183.97143 FC(F)OC(Cl)C(F)(F)F CAS:26675-46-7 DrugBank:DB00753 Drug_Central:1493 KEGG:C07518 KEGG:D00545 VSDB:1804 Wikipedia:Isoflurane 2-chloro-2-difluoromethoxy-1,1,1-trifluoroethane Isoflurane chebi_ontology 1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether Aerrane Ethane Forane Forene isoflurane isoflurano isofluranum CHEBI:6015 isoflurane CAS:26675-46-7 ChemIDplus CAS:26675-46-7 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:26675-46-7 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:1493 DrugCentral 2-chloro-2-difluoromethoxy-1,1,1-trifluoroethane IUPAC Isoflurane KEGG_COMPOUND 1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Aerrane DrugBank Ethane DrugBank Forane DrugBank Forene DrugBank isoflurane ChemIDplus isoflurano ChemIDplus isofluranum ChemIDplus An atom or small molecule with a positive charge that does not contain carbon in covalent linkage, with a valency of one. chebi_ontology a monovalent cation CHEBI:60242 monovalent inorganic cation a monovalent cation UniProt A hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of any hydrolase acting on peptide bonds (peptidase), EC 3.4.*.*). CHEBI:76763 chebi_ontology EC 3.4.* (hydrolase acting on peptide bond) inhibitor EC 3.4.* (hydrolase acting on peptide bonds) inhibitors EC 3.4.* (hydrolases acting on peptide bond) inhibitors EC 3.4.* (peptidase) inhibitor EC 3.4.* (peptidase) inhibitors EC 3.4.* inhibitor EC 3.4.* inhibitors inhibitor of hydrolases acting on peptide bond (EC 3.4.*) inhibitors of hydrolases acting on peptide bond (EC 3.4.*) peptidase inhibitors protease inhibitor protease inhibitors CHEBI:60258 EC 3.4.* (hydrolases acting on peptide bond) inhibitor EC 3.4.* (hydrolase acting on peptide bond) inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.4.* (hydrolase acting on peptide bonds) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.4.* (hydrolases acting on peptide bond) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.4.* (peptidase) inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.4.* (peptidase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.4.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.4.* inhibitors ChEBI inhibitor of hydrolases acting on peptide bond (EC 3.4.*) ChEBI inhibitors of hydrolases acting on peptide bond (EC 3.4.*) ChEBI peptidase inhibitors ChEBI protease inhibitor ChEBI protease inhibitors ChEBI The oxime resulting from the formal condensation of 2-methyl-2-(methylsulfanyl)propanal with hydroxylamine. Addition of the oxime group to methyl isocyanate forms the final step in the synthesis of the systemic insecticide aldicarb. 0 C5H11NOS InChI=1S/C5H11NOS/c1-5(2,8-3)4-6-7/h4,7H,1-3H3 ZFGMCJAXIZTVJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 133.21200 133.05614 [H]C(=NO)C(C)(C)SC Beilstein:2038299 CAS:1646-75-9 Patent:US3217037 Reaxys:2038299 N-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(methylsulfanyl)propan-1-imine chebi_ontology 2-(methylthio)-2-methylpropionaldehyde oxime 2-(methylthio)isobutyraldehyde oxime 2-methyl-2-(methylsulfanyl)propanaldoxime 2-methyl-2-(methylthio)propanal oxime 2-methyl-2-(methylthio)propionaldehyde oxime 2-methyl-2-(methylthio)propionaldoxime ADO Temik oxime aldicarb oxime CHEBI:60330 2-methyl-2-(methylsulfanyl)propanal oxime Beilstein:2038299 Beilstein CAS:1646-75-9 ChemIDplus Reaxys:2038299 Reaxys N-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(methylsulfanyl)propan-1-imine IUPAC 2-(methylthio)-2-methylpropionaldehyde oxime ChemIDplus 2-(methylthio)isobutyraldehyde oxime ChemIDplus 2-methyl-2-(methylsulfanyl)propanaldoxime ChEBI 2-methyl-2-(methylthio)propanal oxime ChemIDplus 2-methyl-2-(methylthio)propionaldehyde oxime ChemIDplus 2-methyl-2-(methylthio)propionaldoxime ChemIDplus ADO ChEBI Temik oxime ChemIDplus aldicarb oxime ChemIDplus An anion formed by deprotonation of at least one peptide carboxy group. chebi_ontology peptide anions CHEBI:60334 peptide anion peptide anions ChEBI Zwitterionic form of any peptide where the amino terminus is positively charged and the carboxy terminus is negatively charged. 0 C2H4NO2R(C2H2NOR)n chebi_ontology peptide zwitterions CHEBI:60466 peptide zwitterion peptide zwitterions ChEBI Any substance that inhibits the action of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. They tend to induce a state known as dissociative anesthesia, marked by catalepsy, amnesia, and analgesia, while side effects can include hallucinations, nightmares, and confusion. Due to their psychotomimetic effects, many NMDA receptor antagonists are used as recreational drugs. CHEBI:60797 chebi_ontology N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists NMDA receptor antagonists NMDAR antagonist NMDAR antagonists CHEBI:60643 NMDA receptor antagonist N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist ChEBI N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists ChEBI NMDA receptor antagonists ChEBI NMDAR antagonist ChEBI NMDAR antagonists ChEBI A mixture consisting of >= 90% 22,23-dihydroavermectin B1a (R = Me) and <= 10% 22,23-dihydroavermectin B1b (R = H). A semi-synthetic derivative of abamectin, it is used as a broad-spectrum antiparasite medication, particularly against worms (except tapeworms), although it is also effective against most mites and some lice. 0 C47H71O14R 860.060 859.48438 [H][C@@]12C\C=C(C)\[C@@H](O[C@H]3C[C@H](OC)[C@@H](O[C@H]4C[C@H](OC)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O4)[C@H](C)O3)[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C3/CO[C@]4([H])[C@H](O)C(C)=C[C@@]([H])(C(=O)O[C@@H](C1)C[C@]1(CC[C@H](C)[C@]([H])(O1)[C@@H](C)C[*])O2)[C@]34O CAS:70288-86-7 DrugBank:DB00602 HMDB:HMDB0014740 KEGG:D00804 PMID:15078277 PMID:18718154 PMID:21824728 PMID:21831526 PMID:22039784 PMID:22039801 PMID:22047763 Patent:US4199569 Wikipedia:Ivermectin chebi_ontology Ivermax Ivomec Mectizan Noromectin Privermectin Sklice Stromectol Vetrimec Zimecterin ivermectin ivermectine ivermectino ivermectinum CHEBI:6078 ivermectin CAS:70288-86-7 ChemIDplus CAS:70288-86-7 KEGG COMPOUND PMID:15078277 Europe PMC PMID:18718154 Europe PMC PMID:21824728 Europe PMC PMID:21831526 Europe PMC PMID:22039784 Europe PMC PMID:22039801 Europe PMC PMID:22047763 Europe PMC Ivermax ChEBI Ivomec ChemIDplus Mectizan DrugBank Noromectin ChEBI Privermectin ChEBI Sklice ChEBI Stromectol DrugBank Vetrimec ChEBI Zimecterin ChEBI ivermectin ChemIDplus ivermectine ChemIDplus ivermectino ChemIDplus ivermectinum ChemIDplus Any substance which inhibits the action of receptors for excitatory amino acids. chebi_ontology EAA receptor antagonist EAA receptor antagonists excitatory amino acid antagonists excitatory amino acid receptor antagonist excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists CHEBI:60798 excitatory amino acid antagonist EAA receptor antagonist ChEBI EAA receptor antagonists ChEBI excitatory amino acid antagonists ChEBI excitatory amino acid receptor antagonist ChEBI excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists ChEBI Any pharmacological or immunological agent that modifies the effect of other agents such as drugs or vaccines while having few if any direct effects when given by itself. chebi_ontology adjuvants CHEBI:60809 adjuvant adjuvants ChEBI Any substance that interacts with tubulin to inhibit or promote polymerisation of microtubules. chebi_ontology tubulin modulators CHEBI:60832 tubulin modulator tubulin modulators ChEBI Any alpha-amino acid anion in which the parent amino acid has D-configuration. -1 C2H3NO2R 73.051 73.01638 [C@@H](C(=O)[O-])(N)* chebi_ontology D-alpha-amino acid anions D-alpha-amino carboxylate CHEBI:60895 D-alpha-amino acid anion D-alpha-amino acid anions ChEBI D-alpha-amino carboxylate ChEBI A racemate is an equimolar mixture of a pair of enantiomers. chebi_ontology melange racemique racemates racemic mixture CHEBI:60911 racemate melange racemique ChEBI racemates ChEBI racemic mixture ChEBI An EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the function of histone deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.98). Wikipedia:Histone_deacetylase_inhibitor chebi_ontology EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitors EC 3.5.1.98 inhibitor EC 3.5.1.98 inhibitors HDAC inhibitor HDAC inhibitors HDACi HDACis HDI HDIs histone amidohydrolase inhibitor histone amidohydrolase inhibitors histone deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.98) inhibitor histone deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.98) inhibitors histone deacetylase inhibitor histone deacetylase inhibitors CHEBI:61115 EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.1.98 inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.1.98 inhibitors ChEBI HDAC inhibitor ChEBI HDAC inhibitors ChEBI HDACi ChEBI HDACis ChEBI HDI ChEBI HDIs ChEBI histone amidohydrolase inhibitor ChEBI histone amidohydrolase inhibitors ChEBI histone deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.98) inhibitor ChEBI histone deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.98) inhibitors ChEBI histone deacetylase inhibitor ChEBI histone deacetylase inhibitors ChEBI Any compound that has a nucleobase as a part. chebi_ontology nucleobase-containing compound nucleobase-containing compounds nucleobase-containing molecular entities CHEBI:61120 nucleobase-containing molecular entity nucleobase-containing compound SUBMITTER nucleobase-containing compounds ChEBI nucleobase-containing molecular entities ChEBI A nucleotide having adenine as the base. chebi_ontology adenine nucleotide CHEBI:61293 adenyl nucleotide adenine nucleotide SUBMITTER A purine riboncleotide where adenine is the purine. chebi_ontology adenine ribonucleotide CHEBI:61296 adenyl ribonucleotide adenine ribonucleotide SUBMITTER A ribonucleoside triphosphate oxoanion arising from global deprotonation of the triphosphate group of any nucleoside triphosphate. -4 C5H8O13P3R 369.031 368.91778 [C@H]1([C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O1)*)O)COP(OP(OP(=O)([O-])[O-])(=O)[O-])(=O)[O-] nucleoside triphosphate(4-) chebi_ontology NTP tetraanion NTP(4-) a ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate nucleoside 5'-triphosphate tetraanion CHEBI:61557 nucleoside triphosphate(4-) nucleoside triphosphate(4-) ChEBI NTP tetraanion ChEBI NTP(4-) SUBMITTER a ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate UniProt nucleoside 5'-triphosphate tetraanion ChEBI An organic heterotricyclic compound with a skeleton derived from a pyridine ring fused to an isoquinoline. chebi_ontology pyridoisoquinolines CHEBI:61692 pyridoisoquinoline pyridoisoquinolines ChEBI Any organic molecular entity derived from a fatty acid. chebi_ontology FA derivative FA derivatives fatty acid derivatives CHEBI:61697 fatty acid derivative FA derivative ChEBI FA derivatives ChEBI fatty acid derivatives ChEBI Any substance that interacts with tubulin to inhibit polymerisation of microtubules. PMID:17099073 chebi_ontology microtubule destabilising agent microtubule destabilising agents microtubule destabilising role microtubule destabilizing role microtubule-destabilising agents microtubule-destabilizing agent microtubule-destabilizing agents CHEBI:61951 microtubule-destabilising agent PMID:17099073 Europe PMC microtubule destabilising agent ChEBI microtubule destabilising agents ChEBI microtubule destabilising role ChEBI microtubule destabilizing role SUBMITTER microtubule-destabilising agents ChEBI microtubule-destabilizing agent ChEBI microtubule-destabilizing agents ChEBI Zwitterionic form of a polar amino acid having an anionic carboxy group and a protonated amino group. 0 C2H4NO2R 74.059 74.02420 C(C([O-])=O)(*)[NH3+] MetaCyc:Polar-amino-acids chebi_ontology a polar amino acid CHEBI:62031 polar amino acid zwitterion MetaCyc:Polar-amino-acids SUBMITTER a polar amino acid UniProt An alkanesulfonate in which the carbon at position 1 is attached to at least two hydrogens. -1 CH2O3SR 94.09000 93.97246 [H]C([H])([*])S([O-])(=O)=O KEGG:C15521 MetaCyc:Alkanesulfonates chebi_ontology 1,1-di-unsubstituted alkanesulfonate 1,1-di-unsubstituted alkanesulfonates 1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonates CHEBI:62081 1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate 1,1-di-unsubstituted alkanesulfonate ChEBI 1,1-di-unsubstituted alkanesulfonates ChEBI 1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonates ChEBI A molecular messenger in which the molecule is specifically involved in transmitting information between cells. Such molecules are released from the cell sending the signal, cross over the gap between cells by diffusion, and interact with specific receptors in another cell, triggering a response in that cell by activating a series of enzyme controlled reactions which lead to changes inside the cell. chebi_ontology signal molecule signal molecules signaling molecule signaling molecules signalling molecules CHEBI:62488 signalling molecule signal molecule ChEBI signal molecules ChEBI signaling molecule ChEBI signaling molecules ChEBI signalling molecules ChEBI Any organophosphate oxoanion that is a negatively charged phospholipid, e.g. phosphatidylserine(1-), phosphatidate(2-), phosphatidylglycerol(1-). chebi_ontology anionic phospholipids phospholipid anion phospholipid anions CHEBI:62643 anionic phospholipid anionic phospholipids ChEBI phospholipid anion ChEBI phospholipid anions ChEBI The chemical role played by a substance that stabilizes an emulsion by increasing its kinetic stability. chebi_ontology emulgent emulgents emulsifiers CHEBI:63046 emulsifier emulgent ChEBI emulgents ChEBI emulsifiers ChEBI A carbohydrate derivative arising formally from the elimination of water from a glycosidic hydroxy group and an H atom bound to an oxygen, carbon, nitrogen or sulfur atom of a separate entity. chebi_ontology glycosyl compounds CHEBI:63161 glycosyl compound glycosyl compounds ChEBI A substance that removes electrons from another reactant in a redox reaction. chebi_ontology oxidant oxidants oxidiser oxidisers oxidising agents oxidizer oxidizers oxidizing agent oxidizing agents CHEBI:63248 oxidising agent oxidant ChEBI oxidants ChEBI oxidiser ChEBI oxidisers ChEBI oxidising agents ChEBI oxidizer ChEBI oxidizers ChEBI oxidizing agent ChEBI oxidizing agents ChEBI Any organooxygen compound derived from a carbohydrate by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by an amino group, a thiol group or similar heteroatomic groups. The term also includes derivatives of these compounds. chebi_ontology carbohydrate derivatives derivatised carbohydrate derivatised carbohydrates derivatized carbohydrate derivatized carbohydrates CHEBI:63299 carbohydrate derivative carbohydrate derivatives ChEBI derivatised carbohydrate ChEBI derivatised carbohydrates ChEBI derivatized carbohydrate ChEBI derivatized carbohydrates ChEBI An EC 3.1.3.* (phosphoric monoester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1). Wikipedia:Alkaline_phosphatase chebi_ontology EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitors EC 3.1.3.1 inhibitor EC 3.1.3.1 inhibitors alkaline phenyl phosphatase inhibitor alkaline phenyl phosphatase inhibitors alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) inhibitor alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) inhibitors alkaline phosphatase inhibitor alkaline phosphatase inhibitors alkaline phosphohydrolase inhibitor alkaline phosphohydrolase inhibitors alkaline phosphomonoesterase inhibitor alkaline phosphomonoesterase inhibitors glycerophosphatase inhibitor glycerophosphatase inhibitors orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum) inhibitor orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum) inhibitors phosphate-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum) inhibitor phosphate-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum) inhibitors phosphomonoesterase inhibitor phosphomonoesterase inhibitors CHEBI:63332 EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.1.3.1 inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.1.3.1 inhibitors ChEBI alkaline phenyl phosphatase inhibitor ChEBI alkaline phenyl phosphatase inhibitors ChEBI alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) inhibitor ChEBI alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) inhibitors ChEBI alkaline phosphatase inhibitor ChEBI alkaline phosphatase inhibitors ChEBI alkaline phosphohydrolase inhibitor ChEBI alkaline phosphohydrolase inhibitors ChEBI alkaline phosphomonoesterase inhibitor ChEBI alkaline phosphomonoesterase inhibitors ChEBI glycerophosphatase inhibitor ChEBI glycerophosphatase inhibitors ChEBI orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum) inhibitor ChEBI orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum) inhibitors ChEBI phosphate-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum) inhibitor ChEBI phosphate-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum) inhibitors ChEBI phosphomonoesterase inhibitor ChEBI phosphomonoesterase inhibitors ChEBI A carbohydrate derivative that is formally obtained from a monosaccharide. chebi_ontology monosaccharide derivatives CHEBI:63367 monosaccharide derivative monosaccharide derivatives ChEBI A monosaccharide derivative that is formally obtained from a pentose. chebi_ontology pentose derivatives CHEBI:63409 pentose derivative pentose derivatives ChEBI A sulfur-containing amino acid whose alpha-carboxylic acid group is ionized (not protonated). chebi_ontology sulfur-containing amino-acid anions CHEBI:63470 sulfur-containing amino-acid anion sulfur-containing amino-acid anions ChEBI A substance capable of undergoing rapid and highly exothermic decomposition. Wikipedia:Explosive_material chebi_ontology explosive compound explosive compounds explosive material explosives explosives chemical explosives chemicals CHEBI:63490 explosive explosive compound ChEBI explosive compounds ChEBI explosive material ChEBI explosives ChEBI explosives chemical ChEBI explosives chemicals ChEBI An EC 3.6.3.* (acid anhydride hydrolase catalysing transmembrane movement of substances) inhibitor that interferes with the action of Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase (EC 3.6.3.9). Wikipedia:Sodium-potassium_ATPase chebi_ontology EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitors EC 3.6.3.9 inhibitor EC 3.6.3.9 inhibitors Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase inhibitor Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase inhibitors Na(+)/K(+)-pump inhibitor Na(+)/K(+)-pump inhibitors Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase (EC 3.6.3.9) inhibitor Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase (EC 3.6.3.9) inhibitors Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase inhibitor Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase inhibitors sodium pump inhibitor sodium pump inhibitors sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase inhibitor sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase inhibitors sodium-potassium pump inhibitor sodium-potassium pump inhibitors CHEBI:63510 EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.6.3.9 inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.6.3.9 inhibitors ChEBI Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase inhibitor ChEBI Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase inhibitors ChEBI Na(+)/K(+)-pump inhibitor ChEBI Na(+)/K(+)-pump inhibitors ChEBI Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase (EC 3.6.3.9) inhibitor ChEBI Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase (EC 3.6.3.9) inhibitors ChEBI Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase inhibitor ChEBI Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase inhibitors ChEBI sodium pump inhibitor ChEBI sodium pump inhibitors ChEBI sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase inhibitor ChEBI sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase inhibitors ChEBI sodium-potassium pump inhibitor ChEBI sodium-potassium pump inhibitors ChEBI An aralylamino compound which contains one amino group connected to an aromatic ring by a two-carbon chain. Monoamines are derived from aromatic amino acids like phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, and the thyroid hormones by the action of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase enzymes. PMID:21822758 PMID:21993877 PMID:22005599 PMID:22082101 PMID:22153577 PMID:22213370 PMID:22218931 PMID:22342987 PMID:22371656 chebi_ontology monoamines naturally occurring monoamine naturally occurring monoamines CHEBI:63534 monoamine PMID:21822758 Europe PMC PMID:21993877 Europe PMC PMID:22005599 Europe PMC PMID:22082101 Europe PMC PMID:22153577 Europe PMC PMID:22213370 Europe PMC PMID:22218931 Europe PMC PMID:22342987 Europe PMC PMID:22371656 Europe PMC monoamines ChEBI naturally occurring monoamine ChEBI naturally occurring monoamines ChEBI Any compound that can be used for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. chebi_ontology neuroprotectant neuroprotectants neuroprotective agents CHEBI:63726 neuroprotective agent neuroprotectant ChEBI neuroprotectants ChEBI neuroprotective agents ChEBI A macrocyclic lactone that is avermectin B1a in which the double bond present in the spirocyclic ring system has been reduced to a single bond. It is the major component of ivermectin. 0 C48H74O14 InChI=1S/C48H74O14/c1-11-25(2)43-28(5)17-18-47(62-43)23-34-20-33(61-47)16-15-27(4)42(26(3)13-12-14-32-24-55-45-40(49)29(6)19-35(46(51)58-34)48(32,45)52)59-39-22-37(54-10)44(31(8)57-39)60-38-21-36(53-9)41(50)30(7)56-38/h12-15,19,25-26,28,30-31,33-45,49-50,52H,11,16-18,20-24H2,1-10H3/b13-12+,27-15+,32-14+/t25-,26-,28-,30-,31-,33+,34-,35-,36-,37-,38-,39-,40+,41-,42-,43+,44-,45+,47+,48+/m0/s1 AZSNMRSAGSSBNP-XPNPUAGNSA-N 875.09280 874.50786 [H][C@@]12C\C=C(C)\[C@@H](O[C@H]3C[C@H](OC)[C@@H](O[C@H]4C[C@H](OC)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O4)[C@H](C)O3)[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C3/CO[C@]4([H])[C@H](O)C(C)=C[C@@]([H])(C(=O)O[C@@H](C1)C[C@]1(CC[C@H](C)[C@]([H])(O1)[C@@H](C)CC)O2)[C@]34O CAS:71827-03-7 PDBeChem:IVM PMID:2411323 PMID:6125361 PMID:6148214 PMID:6547280 Reaxys:4643153 VSDB:1455 (2aE,4E,5'S,6S,6'R,7S,8E,11R,13R,15S,17aR,20R,20aR,20bS)-6'-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-20,20b-dihydroxy-5',6,8,19-tetramethyl-17-oxo-3',4',5',6,6',10,11,14,15,17,17a,20,20a,20b-tetradecahydro-2H,7H-spiro[11,15-methanofuro[4,3,2-pq][2,6]benzodioxacyclooctadecine-13,2'-pyran]-7-yl 2,6-dideoxy-4-O-(2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranosyl)-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranoside chebi_ontology 5-O-demethyl-22,23-dihydroavermectin A1a H2B1a avermectin H2B1a dihydroavermectin B1a ivermectin B1a CHEBI:63941 22,23-dihydroavermectin B1a CAS:71827-03-7 ChemIDplus PMID:2411323 Europe PMC PMID:6125361 Europe PMC PMID:6148214 Europe PMC PMID:6547280 Europe PMC Reaxys:4643153 Reaxys (2aE,4E,5'S,6S,6'R,7S,8E,11R,13R,15S,17aR,20R,20aR,20bS)-6'-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-20,20b-dihydroxy-5',6,8,19-tetramethyl-17-oxo-3',4',5',6,6',10,11,14,15,17,17a,20,20a,20b-tetradecahydro-2H,7H-spiro[11,15-methanofuro[4,3,2-pq][2,6]benzodioxacyclooctadecine-13,2'-pyran]-7-yl 2,6-dideoxy-4-O-(2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranosyl)-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranoside IUPAC 5-O-demethyl-22,23-dihydroavermectin A1a ChEBI H2B1a ChEBI avermectin H2B1a ChemIDplus dihydroavermectin B1a ChemIDplus ivermectin B1a ChemIDplus A macrocyclic lactone that is avermectin B1b in which the double bond present in the spirocyclic ring system has been reduced to a single bond. It is the minor component of ivermectin. 0 C47H72O14 InChI=1S/C47H72O14/c1-24(2)41-27(5)16-17-46(61-41)22-33-19-32(60-46)15-14-26(4)42(25(3)12-11-13-31-23-54-44-39(48)28(6)18-34(45(50)57-33)47(31,44)51)58-38-21-36(53-10)43(30(8)56-38)59-37-20-35(52-9)40(49)29(7)55-37/h11-14,18,24-25,27,29-30,32-44,48-49,51H,15-17,19-23H2,1-10H3/b12-11+,26-14+,31-13+/t25-,27-,29-,30-,32+,33-,34-,35-,36-,37-,38-,39+,40-,41+,42-,43-,44+,46+,47+/m0/s1 VARHUCVRRNANBD-PVVXTEPVSA-N 861.06620 860.49221 [H][C@@]12C\C=C(C)\[C@@H](O[C@H]3C[C@H](OC)[C@@H](O[C@H]4C[C@H](OC)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O4)[C@H](C)O3)[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C3/CO[C@]4([H])[C@H](O)C(C)=C[C@@]([H])(C(=O)O[C@@H](C1)C[C@]1(CC[C@H](C)[C@]([H])(O1)C(C)C)O2)[C@]34O CAS:70209-81-3 PMID:6125361 PMID:6148214 PMID:6895285 PMID:6896121 Reaxys:8183665 (2aE,4E,5'S,6S,6'R,7S,8E,11R,13R,15S,17aR,20R,20aR,20bS)-20,20b-dihydroxy-5',6,8,19-tetramethyl-17-oxo-6'-(propan-2-yl)-3',4',5',6,6',10,11,14,15,17,17a,20,20a,20b-tetradecahydro-2H,7H-spiro[11,15-methanofuro[4,3,2-pq][2,6]benzodioxacyclooctadecine-13,2'-pyran]-7-yl 2,6-dideoxy-4-O-(2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranosyl)-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranoside chebi_ontology H2B1b avermectin H2B1b dihydroavermectin B1b ivermectin B1b ivermectin component b1b CHEBI:63943 22,23-dihydroavermectin B1b CAS:70209-81-3 ChemIDplus PMID:6125361 Europe PMC PMID:6148214 Europe PMC PMID:6895285 Europe PMC PMID:6896121 Europe PMC Reaxys:8183665 Reaxys (2aE,4E,5'S,6S,6'R,7S,8E,11R,13R,15S,17aR,20R,20aR,20bS)-20,20b-dihydroxy-5',6,8,19-tetramethyl-17-oxo-6'-(propan-2-yl)-3',4',5',6,6',10,11,14,15,17,17a,20,20a,20b-tetradecahydro-2H,7H-spiro[11,15-methanofuro[4,3,2-pq][2,6]benzodioxacyclooctadecine-13,2'-pyran]-7-yl 2,6-dideoxy-4-O-(2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranosyl)-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranoside IUPAC H2B1b ChEBI avermectin H2B1b ChEBI dihydroavermectin B1b ChEBI ivermectin B1b ChEBI ivermectin component b1b ChEBI Any lactone in which the cyclic carboxylic ester group forms a part of a cyclic macromolecule. CHEBI:50333 chebi_ontology macrocyclic lactones CHEBI:63944 macrocyclic lactone macrocyclic lactones ChEBI An agonist that selectively binds to and activates a protein kinase C receptor chebi_ontology protein kinase C agonists CHEBI:64018 protein kinase C agonist protein kinase C agonists ChEBI Any substance which is added to food to preserve or enhance its flavour and/or appearance. Wikipedia:Food_additive chebi_ontology food additives CHEBI:64047 food additive food additives ChEBI A food additive that is used to change or otherwise control the acidity or alkalinity of foods. They may be acids, bases, neutralising agents or buffering agents. Wikipedia:Acidity_regulator chebi_ontology acidity regulator acidity regulators food acidity regulators pH control agent pH control agents CHEBI:64049 food acidity regulator acidity regulator ChEBI acidity regulators ChEBI food acidity regulators ChEBI pH control agent ChEBI pH control agents ChEBI An agonist that selectively binds to and activates a protein kinase receptor. chebi_ontology protein kinase agonists CHEBI:64106 protein kinase agonist protein kinase agonists ChEBI A dibenzothiepine that is 10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepine bearing additional methylthio and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 8 and 10 respectively. Potent 5-HT2 antagonist, also active as 5-HT1 antagonist. Differentiates 5-HT1D sub-types. Also displays affinity for rodent 5-HT5B, 5-HT5A, 5-HT7 and 5-HT6 receptors (pK1 values are 6.6, 7.0, 8.4 and 8.7 respectively). 0 C20H24N2S2 InChI=1S/C20H24N2S2/c1-21-9-11-22(12-10-21)18-13-15-5-3-4-6-19(15)24-20-8-7-16(23-2)14-17(18)20/h3-8,14,18H,9-13H2,1-2H3 RLJFTICUTYVZDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 356.54800 356.13809 CSc1ccc2Sc3ccccc3CC(N3CCN(C)CC3)c2c1 CAS:20229-30-5 LINCS:LSM-4320 PMID:18996971 PMID:19837141 PMID:19995401 PMID:20171242 PMID:20233210 PMID:20331882 PMID:20547148 PMID:21062995 PMID:21403818 PMID:21514998 PMID:21964383 Patent:NL6608618 Patent:US3379729 Patent:US4444778 Patent:US6331536 Reaxys:626221 Wikipedia:Metitepine 1-methyl-4-[8-(methylsulfanyl)-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepin-10-yl]piperazine chebi_ontology (+-)-1-(10,11-Dihydro-8-(methylthio)dibenzo(b,f)thiepin-10-yl)-4-methylpiperazine (+-)-10-(4-Methylpiperazinyl)-8-(methylthio)-10,11-dihydrodibenzo(b,f)thiepin (+-)-8-Methylthio-10-(4-methylpiperazino)-10,11-dihydrodibenzo(b,f)thiepin 1-(10,11-Dihydro-8-(methylthio)dibenzo(b,f)thiepin-10-yl)-4-methylpiperazine 1-methyl-4-[8-(methylthio)-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepin-10-yl]piperazine Methiothepine metitepina metitepine metitepinum CHEBI:64203 methiothepin CAS:20229-30-5 ChemIDplus PMID:18996971 Europe PMC PMID:19837141 Europe PMC PMID:19995401 Europe PMC PMID:20171242 Europe PMC PMID:20233210 Europe PMC PMID:20331882 Europe PMC PMID:20547148 Europe PMC PMID:21062995 Europe PMC PMID:21403818 Europe PMC PMID:21514998 Europe PMC PMID:21964383 Europe PMC Reaxys:626221 Reaxys 1-methyl-4-[8-(methylsulfanyl)-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepin-10-yl]piperazine IUPAC (+-)-1-(10,11-Dihydro-8-(methylthio)dibenzo(b,f)thiepin-10-yl)-4-methylpiperazine ChemIDplus (+-)-10-(4-Methylpiperazinyl)-8-(methylthio)-10,11-dihydrodibenzo(b,f)thiepin ChemIDplus (+-)-8-Methylthio-10-(4-methylpiperazino)-10,11-dihydrodibenzo(b,f)thiepin ChemIDplus 1-(10,11-Dihydro-8-(methylthio)dibenzo(b,f)thiepin-10-yl)-4-methylpiperazine ChemIDplus 1-methyl-4-[8-(methylthio)-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepin-10-yl]piperazine ChEBI Methiothepine ChemIDplus metitepina ChemIDplus metitepine ChemIDplus metitepinum ChemIDplus A doubly-charged organic cation arising from protonation of the two tertiary amino functions of methiothepin. +2 C20H26N2S2 InChI=1S/C20H24N2S2/c1-21-9-11-22(12-10-21)18-13-15-5-3-4-6-19(15)24-20-8-7-16(23-2)14-17(18)20/h3-8,14,18H,9-13H2,1-2H3/p+2 RLJFTICUTYVZDG-UHFFFAOYSA-P 358.56400 358.15264 CSc1ccc2Sc3ccccc3CC([NH+]3CC[NH+](C)CC3)c2c1 1-methyl-4-[8-(methylthio)-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepin-10-yl]piperazinediium chebi_ontology methiothepin cation CHEBI:64204 methiothepin(2+) 1-methyl-4-[8-(methylthio)-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepin-10-yl]piperazinediium IUPAC methiothepin cation ChEBI A nucleoside that is one of the homologues in the mixture that is tunicamycin, characterised by an 11-methyldodec-2-enoyl fatty acyl substituent on the amino group of the tunicamine moiety. 0 C36H58N4O16 InChI=1S/C36H58N4O16/c1-17(2)11-9-7-5-4-6-8-10-12-22(44)38-25-29(49)26(46)20(53-35(25)56-34-24(37-18(3)42)28(48)27(47)21(16-41)54-34)15-19(43)32-30(50)31(51)33(55-32)40-14-13-23(45)39-36(40)52/h10,12-14,17,19-21,24-35,41,43,46-51H,4-9,11,15-16H2,1-3H3,(H,37,42)(H,38,44)(H,39,45,52)/b12-10+/t19-,20-,21-,24-,25-,26+,27-,28-,29-,30+,31-,32-,33-,34-,35+/m1/s1 FIIRBPHYBLFBSD-MZPZZZQLSA-N 802.86290 802.38478 [H][C@@](O)(C[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2NC(C)=O)[C@H](NC(=O)\C=C\CCCCCCCC(C)C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O)[C@@]1([H])O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1O)n1ccc(=O)[nH]c1=O PMID:7061468 (2E)-N-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-{[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]oxy}-6-{(2R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl}-4,5-dihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl]-11-methyldodec-2-enamide (5'R)-5'-[2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1<->1)-2,6-dideoxy-2-(11-methyldodec-2-enamido)-beta-D-galactopyranos-6-yl]uridine chebi_ontology tunicamycin I CHEBI:64228 tunicamycin A0 PMID:7061468 Europe PMC (2E)-N-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-{[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]oxy}-6-{(2R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl}-4,5-dihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl]-11-methyldodec-2-enamide IUPAC (5'R)-5'-[2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1<->1)-2,6-dideoxy-2-(11-methyldodec-2-enamido)-beta-D-galactopyranos-6-yl]uridine IUPAC tunicamycin I ChEBI An EC 2.7.8.* (transferases for other substituted phosphate groups) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase (EC 2.7.8.15), preventing formation of N-acetylglucosamine lipid intermediates and glycosylation of newly synthesised glycoproteins. chebi_ontology EC 2.7.8.15 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase) inhibitors EC 2.7.8.15 inhibitor EC 2.7.8.15 inhibitors GlcNAc-1-P transferase inhibitor GlcNAc-1-P transferase inhibitors N-acetylglucosamine phosphotransferase inhibitor N-acetylglucosamine transferase inhibitors N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase inhibitor N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase inhibitors UDP-D-N-acetylglucosamine N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate transferase inhibitor UDP-D-N-acetylglucosamine N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate transferase inhibitors UDP-GlcNAc:dolichyl-phosphate GlcNAc-1-phosphate transferase inhibitor UDP-GlcNAc:dolichyl-phosphate GlcNAc-1-phosphate transferase inhibitors UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:dolichol phosphate N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-1-phosphate transferase inhibitor UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:dolichol phosphate N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-1-phosphate transferase inhibitors UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:dolichyl-phosphate N-acetyl-D-glucosaminephosphotransferase inhibitor UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:dolichyl-phosphate N-acetyl-D-glucosaminephosphotransferase inhibitors UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase (EC 2.7.8.15) inhibitor UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase (EC 2.7.8.15) inhibitors UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase inhibitor UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase inhibitors UDP-acetylglucosamine--dolichol phosphate acetylglucosamine phosphotransferase inhibitor UDP-acetylglucosamine--dolichol phosphate acetylglucosamine phosphotransferase inhibitors UDP-acetylglucosamine--dolichol phosphate acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase inhibitor UDP-acetylglucosamine--dolichol phosphate acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase inhibitors chitobiosylpyrophosphoryldolichol synthase inhibitor chitobiosylpyrophosphoryldolichol synthase inhibitors dolichol phosphate N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase inhibitor dolichol phosphate N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase inhibitors uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine--dolichyl phosphate acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase inhibitor uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine--dolichyl phosphate acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase inhibitors CHEBI:64237 EC 2.7.8.15 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase) inhibitor EC 2.7.8.15 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 2.7.8.15 inhibitor ChEBI EC 2.7.8.15 inhibitors ChEBI GlcNAc-1-P transferase inhibitor ChEBI GlcNAc-1-P transferase inhibitors ChEBI N-acetylglucosamine phosphotransferase inhibitor ChEBI N-acetylglucosamine transferase inhibitors ChEBI N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase inhibitor ChEBI N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase inhibitors ChEBI UDP-D-N-acetylglucosamine N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate transferase inhibitor ChEBI UDP-D-N-acetylglucosamine N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate transferase inhibitors ChEBI UDP-GlcNAc:dolichyl-phosphate GlcNAc-1-phosphate transferase inhibitor ChEBI UDP-GlcNAc:dolichyl-phosphate GlcNAc-1-phosphate transferase inhibitors ChEBI UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:dolichol phosphate N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-1-phosphate transferase inhibitor ChEBI UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:dolichol phosphate N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-1-phosphate transferase inhibitors ChEBI UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:dolichyl-phosphate N-acetyl-D-glucosaminephosphotransferase inhibitor ChEBI UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:dolichyl-phosphate N-acetyl-D-glucosaminephosphotransferase inhibitors ChEBI UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase (EC 2.7.8.15) inhibitor ChEBI UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase (EC 2.7.8.15) inhibitors ChEBI UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase inhibitor ChEBI UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase inhibitors ChEBI UDP-acetylglucosamine--dolichol phosphate acetylglucosamine phosphotransferase inhibitor ChEBI UDP-acetylglucosamine--dolichol phosphate acetylglucosamine phosphotransferase inhibitors ChEBI UDP-acetylglucosamine--dolichol phosphate acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase inhibitor ChEBI UDP-acetylglucosamine--dolichol phosphate acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase inhibitors ChEBI chitobiosylpyrophosphoryldolichol synthase inhibitor ChEBI chitobiosylpyrophosphoryldolichol synthase inhibitors ChEBI dolichol phosphate N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase inhibitor ChEBI dolichol phosphate N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase inhibitors ChEBI uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine--dolichyl phosphate acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase inhibitor ChEBI uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine--dolichyl phosphate acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase inhibitors ChEBI A nucleoside that is one of the homologues in the mixture that is tunicamycin, characterised by a 12-methyltridec-2-enoyl fatty acyl substituent on the amino group of the tunicamine moiety. 0 C37H60N4O16 InChI=1S/C37H60N4O16/c1-18(2)12-10-8-6-4-5-7-9-11-13-23(45)39-26-30(50)27(47)21(54-36(26)57-35-25(38-19(3)43)29(49)28(48)22(17-42)55-35)16-20(44)33-31(51)32(52)34(56-33)41-15-14-24(46)40-37(41)53/h11,13-15,18,20-22,25-36,42,44,47-52H,4-10,12,16-17H2,1-3H3,(H,38,43)(H,39,45)(H,40,46,53)/b13-11+/t20-,21-,22-,25-,26-,27+,28-,29-,30-,31+,32-,33-,34-,35-,36+/m1/s1 YJQCOFNZVFGCAF-LLXUUZRASA-N 816.88950 816.40043 [H][C@@](O)(C[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2NC(C)=O)[C@H](NC(=O)\C=C\CCCCCCCCC(C)C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O)[C@@]1([H])O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1O)n1ccc(=O)[nH]c1=O PMID:7061468 Reaxys:8183793 (2E)-N-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-{[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]oxy}-6-{(2R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl}-4,5-dihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl]-12-methyltridec-2-enamide (5'R)-5'-[2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1<->1)-2,6-dideoxy-2-(12-methyltridec-2-enamido)-beta-D-galactopyranos-6-yl]uridine chebi_ontology tunicamycin C tunicamycin II CHEBI:64245 tunicamycin A1 PMID:7061468 Europe PMC Reaxys:8183793 Reaxys (2E)-N-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-{[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]oxy}-6-{(2R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl}-4,5-dihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl]-12-methyltridec-2-enamide IUPAC (5'R)-5'-[2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1<->1)-2,6-dideoxy-2-(12-methyltridec-2-enamido)-beta-D-galactopyranos-6-yl]uridine IUPAC tunicamycin C ChEBI tunicamycin II ChEBI A nucleoside that is one of the homologues in the mixture that is tunicamycin, characterised by a tetradec-2-enoyl fatty acyl substituent on the amino group of the tunicamine moiety. 0 C37H60N4O16 InChI=1S/C37H60N4O16/c1-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-23(45)39-26-30(50)27(47)21(54-36(26)57-35-25(38-19(2)43)29(49)28(48)22(18-42)55-35)17-20(44)33-31(51)32(52)34(56-33)41-16-15-24(46)40-37(41)53/h13-16,20-22,25-36,42,44,47-52H,3-12,17-18H2,1-2H3,(H,38,43)(H,39,45)(H,40,46,53)/b14-13+/t20-,21-,22-,25-,26-,27+,28-,29-,30-,31+,32-,33-,34-,35-,36+/m1/s1 MMDMXWRRAOLMDC-ZNZAGFTISA-N 816.88950 816.40043 [H][C@@](O)(C[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2NC(C)=O)[C@H](NC(=O)\C=C\CCCCCCCCCCC)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O)[C@@]1([H])O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1O)n1ccc(=O)[nH]c1=O PMID:7061468 (2E)-N-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-{[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]oxy}-6-{(2R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl}-4,5-dihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl]tetradec-2-enamide (5'R)-5'-[2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1<->1)-2,6-dideoxy-2-(tetradec-2-enamido)-beta-D-galactopyranos-6-yl]uridine chebi_ontology tunicamycin III CHEBI:64246 tunicamycin A2 PMID:7061468 Europe PMC (2E)-N-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-{[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]oxy}-6-{(2R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl}-4,5-dihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl]tetradec-2-enamide IUPAC (5'R)-5'-[2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1<->1)-2,6-dideoxy-2-(tetradec-2-enamido)-beta-D-galactopyranos-6-yl]uridine IUPAC tunicamycin III ChEBI A nucleoside that is one of the homologues in the mixture that is tunicamycin, characterised by a pentadec-2-enoyl fatty acyl substituent on the amino group of the tunicamine moiety. 0 C38H62N4O16 InChI=1S/C38H62N4O16/c1-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-24(46)40-27-31(51)28(48)22(55-37(27)58-36-26(39-20(2)44)30(50)29(49)23(19-43)56-36)18-21(45)34-32(52)33(53)35(57-34)42-17-16-25(47)41-38(42)54/h14-17,21-23,26-37,43,45,48-53H,3-13,18-19H2,1-2H3,(H,39,44)(H,40,46)(H,41,47,54)/b15-14+/t21-,22-,23-,26-,27-,28+,29-,30-,31-,32+,33-,34-,35-,36-,37+/m1/s1 QYVMTFXNKNWWFX-YGTZKZKGSA-N 830.91610 830.41608 [H][C@@](O)(C[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2NC(C)=O)[C@H](NC(=O)\C=C\CCCCCCCCCCCC)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O)[C@@]1([H])O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1O)n1ccc(=O)[nH]c1=O PMID:7061468 (2E)-N-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-{[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]oxy}-6-{(2R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl}-4,5-dihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl]pentadec-2-enamide (5'R)-5'-[2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1<->1)-2,6-dideoxy-2-(pentadec-2-enamido)-beta-D-galactopyranos-6-yl]uridine chebi_ontology tunicamycin IV CHEBI:64248 tunicamycin B1 PMID:7061468 Europe PMC (2E)-N-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-{[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]oxy}-6-{(2R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl}-4,5-dihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl]pentadec-2-enamide IUPAC (5'R)-5'-[2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1<->1)-2,6-dideoxy-2-(pentadec-2-enamido)-beta-D-galactopyranos-6-yl]uridine IUPAC tunicamycin IV ChEBI A nucleoside that is one of the homologues in the mixture that is tunicamycin, characterised by a 13-methyltetradec-2-enoyl fatty acyl substituent on the amino group of the tunicamine moiety. 0 C38H62N4O16 InChI=1S/C38H62N4O16/c1-19(2)13-11-9-7-5-4-6-8-10-12-14-24(46)40-27-31(51)28(48)22(55-37(27)58-36-26(39-20(3)44)30(50)29(49)23(18-43)56-36)17-21(45)34-32(52)33(53)35(57-34)42-16-15-25(47)41-38(42)54/h12,14-16,19,21-23,26-37,43,45,48-53H,4-11,13,17-18H2,1-3H3,(H,39,44)(H,40,46)(H,41,47,54)/b14-12+/t21-,22-,23-,26-,27-,28+,29-,30-,31-,32+,33-,34-,35-,36-,37+/m1/s1 MEYZYGMYMLNUHJ-DIRMKAHISA-N 830.91610 830.41608 [H][C@@](O)(C[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2NC(C)=O)[C@H](NC(=O)\C=C\CCCCCCCCCC(C)C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O)[C@@]1([H])O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1O)n1ccc(=O)[nH]c1=O PMID:7061468 Reaxys:5711197 (2E)-N-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-{[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]oxy}-6-{(2R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl}-4,5-dihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl]-13-methyltetradec-2-enamide (5'R)-5'-[2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1<->1)-2,6-dideoxy-2-(13-methyltetradec-2-enamido)-beta-D-galactopyranos-6-yl]uridine chebi_ontology tunicamycin A tunicamycin V CHEBI:64250 tunicamycin B2 PMID:7061468 Europe PMC Reaxys:5711197 Reaxys (2E)-N-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-{[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]oxy}-6-{(2R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl}-4,5-dihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl]-13-methyltetradec-2-enamide IUPAC (5'R)-5'-[2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1<->1)-2,6-dideoxy-2-(13-methyltetradec-2-enamido)-beta-D-galactopyranos-6-yl]uridine IUPAC tunicamycin A ChEBI tunicamycin V ChEBI A nucleoside that is one of the homologues in the mixture that is tunicamycin, characterised by an 13-methyltetradecanoyl fatty acyl substituent on the amino group of the tunicamine moiety. 0 C38H64N4O16 InChI=1S/C38H64N4O16/c1-19(2)13-11-9-7-5-4-6-8-10-12-14-24(46)40-27-31(51)28(48)22(55-37(27)58-36-26(39-20(3)44)30(50)29(49)23(18-43)56-36)17-21(45)34-32(52)33(53)35(57-34)42-16-15-25(47)41-38(42)54/h15-16,19,21-23,26-37,43,45,48-53H,4-14,17-18H2,1-3H3,(H,39,44)(H,40,46)(H,41,47,54)/t21-,22-,23-,26-,27-,28+,29-,30-,31-,32+,33-,34-,35-,36-,37+/m1/s1 XAFNQFHOQPRGAK-KTVOANSYSA-N 832.93200 832.43173 [H][C@@](O)(C[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2NC(C)=O)[C@H](NC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCC(C)C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O)[C@@]1([H])O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1O)n1ccc(=O)[nH]c1=O PMID:7061468 (2E)-N-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-{[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]oxy}-6-{(2R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl}-4,5-dihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl]-13-methyltetradecanamide (5'R)-5'-[2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1<->1)-2,6-dideoxy-2-(13-methyltetradecanamido)-beta-D-galactopyranos-6-yl]uridine chebi_ontology tunicamycin VI CHEBI:64255 tunicamycin B3 PMID:7061468 Europe PMC (2E)-N-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-{[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]oxy}-6-{(2R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl}-4,5-dihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl]-13-methyltetradecanamide IUPAC (5'R)-5'-[2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1<->1)-2,6-dideoxy-2-(13-methyltetradecanamido)-beta-D-galactopyranos-6-yl]uridine IUPAC tunicamycin VI ChEBI A nucleoside that is one of the homologues in the mixture that is tunicamycin, characterised by a 14-methylpentadec-2-enoyl fatty acyl substituent on the amino group of the tunicamine moiety. 0 C39H64N4O16 InChI=1S/C39H64N4O16/c1-20(2)14-12-10-8-6-4-5-7-9-11-13-15-25(47)41-28-32(52)29(49)23(56-38(28)59-37-27(40-21(3)45)31(51)30(50)24(19-44)57-37)18-22(46)35-33(53)34(54)36(58-35)43-17-16-26(48)42-39(43)55/h13,15-17,20,22-24,27-38,44,46,49-54H,4-12,14,18-19H2,1-3H3,(H,40,45)(H,41,47)(H,42,48,55)/b15-13+/t22-,23-,24-,27-,28-,29+,30-,31-,32-,33+,34-,35-,36-,37-,38+/m1/s1 ZOCXUHJGZXXIGQ-NPXWYGMKSA-N 844.94270 844.43173 [H][C@@](O)(C[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2NC(C)=O)[C@H](NC(=O)\C=C\CCCCCCCCCCC(C)C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O)[C@@]1([H])O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1O)n1ccc(=O)[nH]c1=O PMID:7061468 (2E)-N-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-{[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]oxy}-6-{(2R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl}-4,5-dihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl]-14-methylpentadec-2-enamide (5'R)-5'-[2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1<->1)-2,6-dideoxy-2-(14-methylpentadec-2-enamido)-beta-D-galactopyranos-6-yl]uridine chebi_ontology tunicamycin B tunicamycin VII CHEBI:64256 tunicamycin C1 PMID:7061468 Europe PMC (2E)-N-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-{[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]oxy}-6-{(2R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl}-4,5-dihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl]-14-methylpentadec-2-enamide IUPAC (5'R)-5'-[2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1<->1)-2,6-dideoxy-2-(14-methylpentadec-2-enamido)-beta-D-galactopyranos-6-yl]uridine IUPAC tunicamycin B ChEBI tunicamycin VII ChEBI A nucleoside that is one of the homologues in the mixture that is tunicamycin, characterised by a hexadec-2-enoyl fatty acyl substituent on the amino group of the tunicamine moiety. 0 C39H64N4O16 InChI=1S/C39H64N4O16/c1-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-25(47)41-28-32(52)29(49)23(56-38(28)59-37-27(40-21(2)45)31(51)30(50)24(20-44)57-37)19-22(46)35-33(53)34(54)36(58-35)43-18-17-26(48)42-39(43)55/h15-18,22-24,27-38,44,46,49-54H,3-14,19-20H2,1-2H3,(H,40,45)(H,41,47)(H,42,48,55)/b16-15+/t22-,23-,24-,27-,28-,29+,30-,31-,32-,33+,34-,35-,36-,37-,38+/m1/s1 NKDRZEIENXWUCE-VDIUWDQWSA-N 844.94270 844.43173 [H][C@@](O)(C[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2NC(C)=O)[C@H](NC(=O)\C=C\CCCCCCCCCCCCC)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O)[C@@]1([H])O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1O)n1ccc(=O)[nH]c1=O PMID:7061468 (2E)-N-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-{[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]oxy}-6-{(2R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl}-4,5-dihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl]hexadec-2-enamide (5'R)-5'-[2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1<->1)-2,6-dideoxy-2-(hexadec-2-enamido)-beta-D-galactopyranos-6-yl]uridine chebi_ontology CHEBI:64257 tunicamycin C2 PMID:7061468 Europe PMC (2E)-N-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-{[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]oxy}-6-{(2R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl}-4,5-dihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl]hexadec-2-enamide IUPAC (5'R)-5'-[2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1<->1)-2,6-dideoxy-2-(hexadec-2-enamido)-beta-D-galactopyranos-6-yl]uridine IUPAC A nucleoside that is one of the homologues in the mixture that is tunicamycin, characterised by a heptadec-2-enoyl fatty acyl substituent on the amino group of the tunicamine moiety. 0 C40H66N4O16 InChI=1S/C40H66N4O16/c1-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-26(48)42-29-33(53)30(50)24(57-39(29)60-38-28(41-22(2)46)32(52)31(51)25(21-45)58-38)20-23(47)36-34(54)35(55)37(59-36)44-19-18-27(49)43-40(44)56/h16-19,23-25,28-39,45,47,50-55H,3-15,20-21H2,1-2H3,(H,41,46)(H,42,48)(H,43,49,56)/b17-16+/t23-,24-,25-,28-,29-,30+,31-,32-,33-,34+,35-,36-,37-,38-,39+/m1/s1 DYGXSHBNTGWENQ-YTXMDVFISA-N 858.96920 858.44738 [H][C@@](O)(C[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2NC(C)=O)[C@H](NC(=O)\C=C\CCCCCCCCCCCCCC)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O)[C@@]1([H])O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1O)n1ccc(=O)[nH]c1=O PMID:7061468 (2E)-N-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-{[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]oxy}-6-{(2R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl}-4,5-dihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl]heptadec-2-enamide (5'R)-5'-[2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1<->1)-2,6-dideoxy-2-(heptadec-2-enamido)-beta-D-galactopyranos-6-yl]uridine chebi_ontology CHEBI:64271 tunicamycin D1 PMID:7061468 Europe PMC (2E)-N-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-{[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]oxy}-6-{(2R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl}-4,5-dihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl]heptadec-2-enamide IUPAC (5'R)-5'-[2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1<->1)-2,6-dideoxy-2-(heptadec-2-enamido)-beta-D-galactopyranos-6-yl]uridine IUPAC A nucleoside that is one of the homologues in the mixture that is tunicamycin, characterised by a 15-methylhexadec-2-enoyl fatty acyl substituent on the amino group of the tunicamine moiety. 0 C40H66N4O16 InChI=1S/C40H66N4O16/c1-21(2)15-13-11-9-7-5-4-6-8-10-12-14-16-26(48)42-29-33(53)30(50)24(57-39(29)60-38-28(41-22(3)46)32(52)31(51)25(20-45)58-38)19-23(47)36-34(54)35(55)37(59-36)44-18-17-27(49)43-40(44)56/h14,16-18,21,23-25,28-39,45,47,50-55H,4-13,15,19-20H2,1-3H3,(H,41,46)(H,42,48)(H,43,49,56)/b16-14+/t23-,24-,25-,28-,29-,30+,31-,32-,33-,34+,35-,36-,37-,38-,39+/m1/s1 XCEPHNBEHQJSSB-LGJGITPNSA-N 858.96920 858.44738 [H][C@@](O)(C[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2NC(C)=O)[C@H](NC(=O)\C=C\CCCCCCCCCCCC(C)C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O)[C@@]1([H])O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1O)n1ccc(=O)[nH]c1=O PMID:7061468 (2E)-N-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-{[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]oxy}-6-{(2R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl}-4,5-dihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl]-15-methylhexadec-2-enamide (5'R)-5'-[2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1<->1)-2,6-dideoxy-2-(15-methylhexadec-2-enamido)-beta-D-galactopyranos-6-yl]uridine chebi_ontology CHEBI:64272 tunicamycin D2 PMID:7061468 Europe PMC (2E)-N-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-{[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]oxy}-6-{(2R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl}-4,5-dihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl]-15-methylhexadec-2-enamide IUPAC (5'R)-5'-[2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1<->1)-2,6-dideoxy-2-(15-methylhexadec-2-enamido)-beta-D-galactopyranos-6-yl]uridine IUPAC A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine. 0 C11H12N2S InChI=1S/C11H12N2S/c1-2-4-9(5-3-1)10-8-13-6-7-14-11(13)12-10/h1-5,10H,6-8H2/t10-/m1/s1 HLFSDGLLUJUHTE-SNVBAGLBSA-N 204.29100 204.07212 C1CN2C[C@@H](N=C2S1)c1ccccc1 CAS:14769-73-4 DrugBank:DB00848 Drug_Central:1561 HMDB:HMDB0014986 KEGG:C07070 KEGG:D08114 LINCS:LSM-6655 PMID:10701095 PMID:12232676 PMID:12749943 PMID:15109274 PMID:1618599 PMID:17608969 PMID:189006 PMID:2050823 PMID:22337783 PMID:22607692 PMID:23041983 PMID:23152411 PMID:23543977 PMID:23577329 PMID:23649929 PMID:23921349 PMID:24365689 PMID:24440755 PMID:365327 PMID:366135 PMID:366137 PMID:669135 PMID:6995092 PMID:6995094 PMID:7051554 PMID:827785 Patent:US3274209 Patent:US3565907 Patent:US3579530 Reaxys:4233256 VSDB:1798 Wikipedia:Levamisole (6S)-6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole chebi_ontology (-)-6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole (-)-6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole (-)-tetramisole (S)-(-)-levamisole (S)-(-)-tetramisole (S)-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-6-phenylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole Ketrax Lepuron Levomysol Levovermax Totalon Wormicid levamisol levamisole levamisolum CHEBI:6432 levamisole CAS:14769-73-4 ChemIDplus CAS:14769-73-4 KEGG COMPOUND Drug_Central:1561 DrugCentral PMID:10701095 Europe PMC PMID:12232676 Europe PMC PMID:12749943 Europe PMC PMID:15109274 Europe PMC PMID:1618599 Europe PMC PMID:17608969 Europe PMC PMID:189006 Europe PMC PMID:2050823 Europe PMC PMID:22337783 Europe PMC PMID:22607692 Europe PMC PMID:23041983 Europe PMC PMID:23152411 Europe PMC PMID:23543977 Europe PMC PMID:23577329 Europe PMC PMID:23649929 Europe PMC PMID:23921349 Europe PMC PMID:24365689 Europe PMC PMID:24440755 Europe PMC PMID:365327 Europe PMC PMID:366135 Europe PMC PMID:366137 Europe PMC PMID:669135 Europe PMC PMID:6995092 Europe PMC PMID:6995094 Europe PMC PMID:7051554 Europe PMC PMID:827785 Europe PMC Reaxys:4233256 Reaxys (6S)-6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole IUPAC (-)-6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole ChEBI (-)-6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole ChEBI (-)-tetramisole ChemIDplus (S)-(-)-levamisole ChemIDplus (S)-(-)-tetramisole ChEBI (S)-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-6-phenylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole ChEBI Ketrax KEGG_DRUG Lepuron ChemIDplus Levomysol ChemIDplus Levovermax ChEBI Totalon ChEBI Wormicid ChemIDplus levamisol WHO_MedNet levamisole WHO_MedNet levamisolum WHO_MedNet An organic amino compound in which an aminoalkyl group is linked to an arene. chebi_ontology aralkylamino compounds CHEBI:64365 aralkylamino compound aralkylamino compounds ChEBI An organic aromatic compound whose structure contains two aromatic rings or ring systems, joined to each other by a single bond. chebi_ontology biaryls CHEBI:64459 biaryl biaryls ChEBI A food additive which is added to flour or dough to improve baking quality and/or colour. Wikipedia:Flour_treatment_agent flour treatment agent chebi_ontology dough improver dough improvers improving agent improving agents CHEBI:64577 flour treatment agent flour treatment agent ChEBI dough improver ChEBI dough improvers ChEBI improving agent ChEBI improving agents ChEBI An organic molecular entity containing a single carbon atom (C1). chebi_ontology one-carbon compounds CHEBI:64708 one-carbon compound one-carbon compounds ChEBI Any organic molecular entity that is acidic and contains carbon in covalent linkage. chebi_ontology organic acids CHEBI:64709 organic acid organic acids ChEBI The role played by a substance in enhancing the appearance or odour of the human body; a name given to the substance itself or to a component of it. Wikipedia:Cosmetics chebi_ontology cosmetic component cosmetics CHEBI:64857 cosmetic cosmetic component ChEBI cosmetics ChEBI Any substance that causes disturbance to organisms by chemical reaction or other activity on the molecular scale, when a sufficient quantity is absorbed by the organism. Wikipedia:Poison chebi_ontology poisonous agent poisonous agents poisonous substance poisonous substances poisons toxic agent toxic agents toxic substance toxic substances CHEBI:64909 poison poisonous agent ChEBI poisonous agents ChEBI poisonous substance ChEBI poisonous substances ChEBI poisons ChEBI toxic agent ChEBI toxic agents ChEBI toxic substance ChEBI toxic substances ChEBI Any compound that inhibits cell division (mitosis). Wikipedia:Mitotic_inhibitor chebi_ontology antimitotics mitosis inhibitor mitosis inhibitors mitotic inhibitor mitotic inhibitors CHEBI:64911 antimitotic antimitotics ChEBI mitosis inhibitor ChEBI mitosis inhibitors ChEBI mitotic inhibitor ChEBI mitotic inhibitors ChEBI An antiparasitic drug which is effective against Apicomplexan parasites in the genus Plasmodium. The genus contains over 200 species and includes those responsible for malaria. chebi_ontology antiplasmodial agent antiplasmodial agents antiplasmodial drugs antiplasmodium agent antiplasmodium agents antiplasmodium drug antiplasmodium drugs CHEBI:64915 antiplasmodial drug antiplasmodial agent ChEBI antiplasmodial agents ChEBI antiplasmodial drugs ChEBI antiplasmodium agent ChEBI antiplasmodium agents ChEBI antiplasmodium drug ChEBI antiplasmodium drugs ChEBI Substances which are added to food in order to prevent decomposition caused by microbial growth or by undesirable chemical changes. chebi_ontology food preservatives CHEBI:65255 food preservative food preservatives ChEBI A food preservative which prevents decomposition of food by preventing the growth of fungi or bacteria. In European countries, E-numbers for permitted food preservatives are from E200 to E299, divided into sorbates (E200-209), benzoates (E210-219), sulfites (E220-229), phenols and formates (E230-239), nitrates (E240-259), acetates (E260-269), lactates (E270-279), propionates (E280-289) and others (E290-299). chebi_ontology antimicrobial food preservatives antimicrobial preservative antimicrobial preservatives CHEBI:65256 antimicrobial food preservative antimicrobial food preservatives ChEBI antimicrobial preservative ChEBI antimicrobial preservatives ChEBI A compound that inhibits the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid. Wikipedia:GABA_antagonist chebi_ontology GABA antagonists gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor antagonist gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor antagonists CHEBI:65259 GABA antagonist GABA antagonists ChEBI gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor antagonist ChEBI gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor antagonists ChEBI An ammonium ion derivative resulting from the protonation of the nitrogen atom of a primary amino compound. Major species at pH 7.3. +1 H3NR 17.031 17.02655 [NH3+][*] chebi_ontology a primary amine substituted ammonium CHEBI:65296 primary ammonium ion a primary amine UniProt substituted ammonium ChEBI A ryanodine receptor modulator which activates the receptor. Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) act as selective ion channels, modulating the release of calcium. Activating the receptors causes the release of calcium, so depleting internal calcium and ultimately preventing further muscle contraction. PMID:8597061 Wikipedia:Ryanodine_receptor chebi_ontology RyR activator RyR activators RyR agonist RyR agonists RyRs activator RyRs agonist ryanodine receptor activator ryanodine receptor activators CHEBI:67114 ryanodine receptor agonist PMID:8597061 Europe PMC RyR activator ChEBI RyR activators ChEBI RyR agonist ChEBI RyR agonists ChEBI RyRs activator ChEBI RyRs agonist ChEBI ryanodine receptor activator ChEBI ryanodine receptor activators ChEBI A molecule that can substitute for a normal nucleobase in nucleic acids. Wikipedia:Base_analog chebi_ontology base analog base analogs base analogue base analogues nucleobase analog nucleobase analogs nucleobase analogues CHEBI:67142 nucleobase analogue base analog ChEBI base analogs ChEBI base analogue ChEBI base analogues ChEBI nucleobase analog ChEBI nucleobase analogs ChEBI nucleobase analogues ChEBI A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of methylcarbamic acid with the hydroxy group of 1-(methylsulfanyl)acetaldoxime. 0 C5H10N2O2S InChI=1S/C5H10N2O2S/c1-4(10-3)7-9-5(8)6-2/h1-3H3,(H,6,8) UHXUZOCRWCRNSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 162.21118 162.04630 CNC(=O)ON=C(C)SC Beilstein:2042050 CAS:16752-77-5 HMDB:HMDB0031804 KEGG:C11196 LINCS:LSM-24991 PMID:11327381 PMID:11758270 PPDB:458 Pesticides:methomyl Reaxys:2042050 Wikipedia:Methomyl Methomyl methyl N-(methylcarbamoyloxy)ethanimidothioate chebi_ontology 1-(Methylthio)acetaldehyde O-methylcarbamoyloxime 1-(Methylthio)ethylideneamino methylcarbamate Lannate Methomyl lannate N-(((methylamino)carbonyl)oxy)ethanimidothioic acid methyl ester S-Methyl N-(methylcarbamoyloxy)thioacetimidate CHEBI:6835 methomyl Beilstein:2042050 Beilstein CAS:16752-77-5 ChemIDplus CAS:16752-77-5 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:16752-77-5 NIST Chemistry WebBook PMID:11327381 Europe PMC PMID:11758270 Europe PMC Pesticides:methomyl Alan Wood's Pesticides Reaxys:2042050 Reaxys Methomyl KEGG_COMPOUND methyl N-(methylcarbamoyloxy)ethanimidothioate IUPAC 1-(Methylthio)acetaldehyde O-methylcarbamoyloxime ChemIDplus 1-(Methylthio)ethylideneamino methylcarbamate ChemIDplus Lannate ChemIDplus Methomyl lannate NIST_Chemistry_WebBook N-(((methylamino)carbonyl)oxy)ethanimidothioic acid methyl ester ChemIDplus S-Methyl N-(methylcarbamoyloxy)thioacetimidate ChemIDplus Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen. Wikipedia:Azole chebi_ontology azoles CHEBI:68452 azole azoles ChEBI Any substance that induces the process of apoptosis (programmed cell death) in multi-celled organisms. chebi_ontology Type I cell-death inducer Type I cell-death inducers Type I programmed cell-death inducer Type I programmed cell-death inducers apoptosis inducers CHEBI:68495 apoptosis inducer Type I cell-death inducer ChEBI Type I cell-death inducers ChEBI Type I programmed cell-death inducer ChEBI Type I programmed cell-death inducers ChEBI apoptosis inducers ChEBI A member of the class of isoxazoles that is 1,2-oxazol-3(2H)-one substituted by an aminomethyl group at position 5. It has been isolated from mushrooms of the genus Amanita. 0 C4H6N2O2 InChI=1S/C4H6N2O2/c5-2-3-1-4(7)6-8-3/h1H,2,5H2,(H,6,7) ZJQHPWUVQPJPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 114.10260 114.04293 NCc1cc(=O)[nH]o1 Beilstein:774694 CAS:2763-96-4 KEGG:C08311 KNApSAcK:C00001423 PMID:18599311 PMID:21427702 PMID:21751026 PMID:2181052 PMID:22049436 PMID:24259680 PMID:24316475 PMID:24473816 Reaxys:774694 Wikipedia:Muscimol 5-(aminomethyl)-1,2-oxazol-3(2H)-one Muscimol chebi_ontology 5-(aminomethyl)-3(2H)-isoxazolone CHEBI:7035 muscimol Beilstein:774694 Beilstein CAS:2763-96-4 ChemIDplus CAS:2763-96-4 KEGG COMPOUND PMID:18599311 Europe PMC PMID:21427702 Europe PMC PMID:21751026 Europe PMC PMID:2181052 Europe PMC PMID:22049436 Europe PMC PMID:24259680 Europe PMC PMID:24316475 Europe PMC PMID:24473816 Europe PMC Reaxys:774694 Reaxys 5-(aminomethyl)-1,2-oxazol-3(2H)-one IUPAC Muscimol KEGG_COMPOUND 5-(aminomethyl)-3(2H)-isoxazolone ChemIDplus An antagonist at any adenosine receptor. Wikipedia:Adenosine_receptor chebi_ontology adenosine receptor antagonists CHEBI:71232 adenosine receptor antagonist adenosine receptor antagonists ChEBI An enzyme inhibitor that inhibits the action of a transferase (EC 2.*) Wikipedia:Transferase chebi_ontology EC 2 inhibitor EC 2 inhibitors EC 2.* (transferase) inhibitors EC 2.* inhibitor EC 2.* inhibitors transferase inhibitor transferase inhibitors CHEBI:71300 EC 2.* (transferase) inhibitor EC 2 inhibitor ChEBI EC 2 inhibitors ChEBI EC 2.* (transferase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 2.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 2.* inhibitors ChEBI transferase inhibitor ChEBI transferase inhibitors ChEBI An amino-acid anion in which the amino group is situated gamma- to the carboxylate group. chebi_ontology gamma-amino acid anions CHEBI:71666 gamma-amino acid anion gamma-amino acid anions ChEBI A cyclic ketal in which the ketal carbon is the only common atom of two rings. PMID:19262920 PMID:20024126 PMID:21076755 PMID:21604735 PMID:21860857 PMID:22421755 chebi_ontology spiroacetal spiroacetals spiroketals CHEBI:72600 spiroketal PMID:19262920 Europe PMC PMID:20024126 Europe PMC PMID:21076755 Europe PMC PMID:21604735 Europe PMC PMID:21860857 Europe PMC PMID:22421755 Europe PMC spiroacetal ChEBI spiroacetals ChEBI spiroketals ChEBI Any molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity. chebi_ontology organic compound organic compounds organic molecules CHEBI:72695 organic molecule organic compound ChEBI organic compounds ChEBI organic molecules ChEBI Any hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase which acts on acid anhydrides (EC 3.6.*.*). CHEBI:76765 chebi_ontology EC 3.6 inhibitor EC 3.6 inhibitors EC 3.6.* (hydrolases acting on acid anhydrides) inhibitors EC 3.6.* inhibitor EC 3.6.* inhibitors EC 3.6.*.* inhibitor EC 3.6.*.* inhibitors acid anhydride hydrolase inhibitor acid anhydride hydrolase inhibitors inhibitor of hydrolase acting on acid anhydride (EC 3.6.*) inhibitors of hydrolase acting on acid anhydride (EC 3.6.*) CHEBI:73216 EC 3.6.* (hydrolases acting on acid anhydrides) inhibitor EC 3.6 inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.6 inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.6.* (hydrolases acting on acid anhydrides) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.6.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.6.* inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.6.*.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.6.*.* inhibitors ChEBI acid anhydride hydrolase inhibitor ChEBI acid anhydride hydrolase inhibitors ChEBI inhibitor of hydrolase acting on acid anhydride (EC 3.6.*) ChEBI inhibitors of hydrolase acting on acid anhydride (EC 3.6.*) ChEBI An acaricide that kills mites of the genus Sarcoptes. Wikipedia:Scabicide chebi_ontology scabicides CHEBI:73333 scabicide scabicides ChEBI A mancude heterobicyclic organic group consisting of a benzene ring fused to a pyrrole ring. 0 C8N 110.09230 110.00307 chebi_ontology CHEBI:73398 indole skeleton A bicyclic organic group that contains both carbon and hetero atoms. chebi_ontology organic heterobicyclic rings CHEBI:73541 organic heterobicyclic ring organic heterobicyclic rings ChEBI A carbonyl compound produced as a water-soluble byproduct when fatty acids are broken down for energy in the liver. There are three endogenous ketone bodies: acetone, acetoacetic acid, and (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid; others may be produced as a result of the metabolism of synthetic triglycerides. PMID:10634967 PMID:19159745 PMID:22259088 PMID:22268909 PMID:22524563 PMID:22879057 PMID:23082721 PMID:23148246 PMID:23396451 PMID:23466063 PMID:23557707 Wikipedia:Ketone_body chebi_ontology ketone bodies CHEBI:73693 ketone body PMID:10634967 Europe PMC PMID:19159745 Europe PMC PMID:22259088 Europe PMC PMID:22268909 Europe PMC PMID:22524563 Europe PMC PMID:22879057 Europe PMC PMID:23082721 Europe PMC PMID:23148246 Europe PMC PMID:23396451 Europe PMC PMID:23466063 Europe PMC PMID:23557707 Europe PMC ketone bodies ChEBI An EC 1.17.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2) inhibitor that inhibits the action of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase (EC 1.17.4.1). Wikipedia:Ribonucleoside-diphosphate_reductase chebi_ontology 2'-deoxyribonucleoside-diphosphate:thioredoxin-disulfide 2'-oxidoreductase inhibitor 2'-deoxyribonucleoside-diphosphate:thioredoxin-disulfide 2'-oxidoreductase inhibitors ADP reductase inhibitor ADP reductase inhibitors CDP reductase inhibitor CDP reductase inhibitors EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitors EC 1.17.4.1 inhibitor EC 1.17.4.1 inhibitors RR inhibitor RR inhibitors UDP reductase inhibitor UDP reductase inhibitors nucleoside diphosphate reductase inhibitor nucleoside diphosphate reductase inhibitors ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase inhibitor ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase inhibitors ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase (EC 1.17.4.1) inhibitor ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase (EC 1.17.4.1) inhibitors ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase inhibitor ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase inhibitors ribonucleotide diphosphate reductase inhibitor ribonucleotide diphosphate reductase inhibitors ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors CHEBI:74213 EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor 2'-deoxyribonucleoside-diphosphate:thioredoxin-disulfide 2'-oxidoreductase inhibitor ChEBI 2'-deoxyribonucleoside-diphosphate:thioredoxin-disulfide 2'-oxidoreductase inhibitors ChEBI ADP reductase inhibitor ChEBI ADP reductase inhibitors ChEBI CDP reductase inhibitor ChEBI CDP reductase inhibitors ChEBI EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 1.17.4.1 inhibitor ChEBI EC 1.17.4.1 inhibitors ChEBI RR inhibitor ChEBI RR inhibitors ChEBI UDP reductase inhibitor ChEBI UDP reductase inhibitors ChEBI nucleoside diphosphate reductase inhibitor ChEBI nucleoside diphosphate reductase inhibitors ChEBI ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase inhibitor ChEBI ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase inhibitors ChEBI ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase (EC 1.17.4.1) inhibitor ChEBI ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase (EC 1.17.4.1) inhibitors ChEBI ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase inhibitor ChEBI ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase inhibitors ChEBI ribonucleotide diphosphate reductase inhibitor ChEBI ribonucleotide diphosphate reductase inhibitors ChEBI ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor ChEBI ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors ChEBI Any steroid lactone that is a C23 steroid with a five-membered lactone ring at C-17 and its substituted derivatives. They form the aglycone constituents of cardiac glycosides. chebi_ontology CHEBI:74634 cardenolides A compound that causes the contraction of body tissues, typically used to reduce bleeding from minor abrasions. Wikipedia:Astringent chebi_ontology adstringent adstringents astringents CHEBI:74783 astringent adstringent ChEBI adstringents ChEBI astringents ChEBI Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in eukaryotes, the taxon that include members of the fungi, plantae and animalia kingdoms. chebi_ontology eukaryotic metabolites CHEBI:75763 eukaryotic metabolite eukaryotic metabolites ChEBI Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in animals that include diverse creatures from sponges, insects to mammals. CHEBI:77721 CHEBI:77743 chebi_ontology animal metabolites CHEBI:75767 animal metabolite animal metabolites ChEBI Any animal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in mammals. CHEBI:77464 CHEBI:77744 chebi_ontology mammalian metabolites CHEBI:75768 mammalian metabolite mammalian metabolites ChEBI Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus). chebi_ontology Mus musculus metabolite Mus musculus metabolites mouse metabolites CHEBI:75771 mouse metabolite Mus musculus metabolite ChEBI Mus musculus metabolites ChEBI mouse metabolites ChEBI Any fungal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). CHEBI:76949 CHEBI:76951 chebi_ontology S. cerevisiae metabolite S. cerevisiae metabolites S. cerevisiae secondary metabolite S. cerevisiae secondary metabolites Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolites Saccharomyces cerevisiae secondary metabolites baker's yeast metabolite baker's yeast metabolites baker's yeast secondary metabolite baker's yeast secondary metabolites CHEBI:75772 Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite S. cerevisiae metabolite ChEBI S. cerevisiae metabolites ChEBI S. cerevisiae secondary metabolite ChEBI S. cerevisiae secondary metabolites ChEBI Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolites ChEBI Saccharomyces cerevisiae secondary metabolites ChEBI baker's yeast metabolite ChEBI baker's yeast metabolites ChEBI baker's yeast secondary metabolite ChEBI baker's yeast secondary metabolites ChEBI Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in prokaryotes, the taxon that include members of domains such as the bacteria and archaea. chebi_ontology prokaryotic metabolites CHEBI:75787 prokaryotic metabolite prokaryotic metabolites ChEBI Any metabolite produced by metabolism of a xenobiotic compound. chebi_ontology xenobiotic metabolites CHEBI:76206 xenobiotic metabolite xenobiotic metabolites ChEBI A gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range, so contributing to the 'greenhouse effect'. Wikipedia:Greenhouse_gas chebi_ontology greenhouse gases CHEBI:76413 greenhouse gas greenhouse gases ChEBI A compressed gas or liquid with a boiling point lower than room temperature which to used to propel and dispense liquids such as deodorants, insecticides, paints, etc. from aerosol cans. PMID:22519407 PMID:24001847 chebi_ontology propellants CHEBI:76414 propellant PMID:22519407 Europe PMC PMID:24001847 Europe PMC propellants ChEBI Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in marine macro- and microorganisms. CHEBI:77078 chebi_ontology marine metabolites CHEBI:76507 marine metabolite marine metabolites ChEBI A transferase inhibitor that interferes with the action of an acyltransferase (EC 2.3.*.*). chebi_ontology EC 2.3.* (acyltransferase) inhibitors EC 2.3.* inhibitor EC 2.3.* inhibitors acyltransferase inhibitor acyltransferase inhibitors CHEBI:76661 EC 2.3.* (acyltransferase) inhibitor EC 2.3.* (acyltransferase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 2.3.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 2.3.* inhibitors ChEBI acyltransferase inhibitor ChEBI acyltransferase inhibitors ChEBI A transferase inhibitor that inhibits the transfer of an alkyl (other than methyl) or aryl group (EC 2.5.1.*). chebi_ontology EC 2.5.1.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitors EC 2.5.1.* inhibitor EC 2.5.1.* inhibitors alkyl/aryl (non-methyl) transferase inhibitor alkyl/aryl (non-methyl) transferase inhibitors non-methyl alkyl/aryl transferase (EC 2.5.1.*) inhibitor non-methyl alkyl/aryl transferase (EC 2.5.1.*) inhibitors non-methyl alkyl/aryl transferase inhibitor non-methyl alkyl/aryl transferase inhibitors non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase inhibitor non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase inhibitors CHEBI:76663 EC 2.5.1.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitor EC 2.5.1.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 2.5.1.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 2.5.1.* inhibitors ChEBI alkyl/aryl (non-methyl) transferase inhibitor ChEBI alkyl/aryl (non-methyl) transferase inhibitors ChEBI non-methyl alkyl/aryl transferase (EC 2.5.1.*) inhibitor ChEBI non-methyl alkyl/aryl transferase (EC 2.5.1.*) inhibitors ChEBI non-methyl alkyl/aryl transferase inhibitor ChEBI non-methyl alkyl/aryl transferase inhibitors ChEBI non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase inhibitor ChEBI non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase inhibitors ChEBI A transferase inhibitor that inhibits the action of a phosphorus-containing group transferase (EC 2.7.*.*). chebi_ontology EC 2.7.* (P-containing group transferase) inhibitors EC 2.7.* (phosphorus-containing group transferase) inhibitor EC 2.7.* (phosphorus-containing group transferase) inhibitors EC 2.7.* inhibitor EC 2.7.* inhibitors phosphorus-containing group transferase (EC 2.7.*) inhibitor phosphorus-containing group transferase (EC 2.7.*) inhibitors phosphorus-containing group transferase inhibitor phosphorus-containing group transferase inhibitors CHEBI:76668 EC 2.7.* (P-containing group transferase) inhibitor EC 2.7.* (P-containing group transferase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 2.7.* (phosphorus-containing group transferase) inhibitor ChEBI EC 2.7.* (phosphorus-containing group transferase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 2.7.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 2.7.* inhibitors ChEBI phosphorus-containing group transferase (EC 2.7.*) inhibitor ChEBI phosphorus-containing group transferase (EC 2.7.*) inhibitors ChEBI phosphorus-containing group transferase inhibitor ChEBI phosphorus-containing group transferase inhibitors ChEBI An enzyme inhibitor which interferes with the action of a lyase (EC 4.*.*.*). Lyases are enzymes cleaving C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation. Wikipedia:Lyase chebi_ontology EC 4.* (lyase) inhibitors EC 4.* inhibitor EC 4.* inhibitors EC 4.*.*.* inhibitor EC 4.*.*.* inhibitors lyase (EC 4.*) inhibitor lyase (EC 4.*) inhibitorS lyase inhibitor lyase inhibitors CHEBI:76710 EC 4.* (lyase) inhibitor EC 4.* (lyase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 4.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 4.* inhibitors ChEBI EC 4.*.*.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 4.*.*.* inhibitors ChEBI lyase (EC 4.*) inhibitor ChEBI lyase (EC 4.*) inhibitorS ChEBI lyase inhibitor ChEBI lyase inhibitors ChEBI A lyase inhibitor which inhibits the action of a C-N lyase (EC 4.3.*.*). chebi_ontology C-N lyase (EC 4.3.*) inhibitor C-N lyase (EC 4.3.*) inhibitors C-N lyase inhibitor C-N lyase inhibitors EC 4.3.* (C-N lyase) inhibitors EC 4.3.* inhibitor EC 4.3.* inhibitors CHEBI:76713 EC 4.3.* (C-N lyase) inhibitor C-N lyase (EC 4.3.*) inhibitor ChEBI C-N lyase (EC 4.3.*) inhibitors ChEBI C-N lyase inhibitor ChEBI C-N lyase inhibitors ChEBI EC 4.3.* (C-N lyase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 4.3.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 4.3.* inhibitors ChEBI An enzyme inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase (EC 1.*.*.*). Wikipedia:Oxidoreductase chebi_ontology EC 1.* (oxidoreductase) inhibitors EC 1.* inhibitor EC 1.* inhibitors oxidoreductase (EC 1.*) inhibitor oxidoreductase (EC 1.*) inhibitors oxidoreductase inhibitor oxidoreductase inhibitors CHEBI:76725 EC 1.* (oxidoreductase) inhibitor EC 1.* (oxidoreductase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 1.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 1.* inhibitors ChEBI oxidoreductase (EC 1.*) inhibitor ChEBI oxidoreductase (EC 1.*) inhibitors ChEBI oxidoreductase inhibitor ChEBI oxidoreductase inhibitors ChEBI An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 (EC 1.17.*.*). chebi_ontology EC 1.17.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2) inhibitors EC 1.17.* inhibitor EC 1.17.* inhibitors oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 (EC 1.17.*) inhibitor oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 (EC 1.17.*) inhibitors oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 inhibitor oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 inhibitors CHEBI:76744 EC 1.17.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2) inhibitor EC 1.17.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2) inhibitors ChEBI EC 1.17.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 1.17.* inhibitors ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 (EC 1.17.*) inhibitor ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 (EC 1.17.*) inhibitors ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 inhibitor ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 inhibitors ChEBI Any enzyme inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase (EC 3.*.*.*). Wikipedia:Hydrolase chebi_ontology EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitors EC 3.* inhibitor EC 3.* inhibitors EC 3.*.*.* inhibitor EC 3.*.*.* inhibitors hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitor hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitors hydrolase inhibitor hydrolase inhibitors CHEBI:76759 EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitor EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.* inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.*.*.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.*.*.* inhibitors ChEBI hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitor ChEBI hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitors ChEBI hydrolase inhibitor ChEBI hydrolase inhibitors ChEBI A hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of any ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.*.*). chebi_ontology EC 3.1.* (ester hydrolase) inhibitors EC 3.1.* inhibitor EC 3.1.* inhibitors ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.*) inhibitor ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.*) inhibitors ester hydrolase inhibitor ester hydrolase inhibitors CHEBI:76760 EC 3.1.* (ester hydrolase) inhibitor EC 3.1.* (ester hydrolase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.1.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.1.* inhibitors ChEBI ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.*) inhibitor ChEBI ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.*) inhibitors ChEBI ester hydrolase inhibitor ChEBI ester hydrolase inhibitors ChEBI Any hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds (EC 3.5.*.*). chebi_ontology EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitor EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitors EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitor EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitors EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitors EC 3.5.* inhibitor EC 3.5.* inhibitors CHEBI:76764 EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.* inhibitors ChEBI An EC 3.1.* (ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of a carboxylic ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.*). chebi_ontology EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitors EC 3.1.1.* inhibitor EC 3.1.1.* inhibitors carboxylic ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.*) inhibitor carboxylic ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.*) inhibitors CHEBI:76773 EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.1.1.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.1.1.* inhibitors ChEBI carboxylic ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.*) inhibitor ChEBI carboxylic ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.*) inhibitors ChEBI An EC 3.1.* (ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any phosphoric monoester hydrolase (EC 3.1.3.*). chebi_ontology EC 3.1.3.* (phosphoric monoester hydrolase) inhibitors EC 3.1.3.* inhibitor EC 3.1.3.* inhibitors inhibitor of phosphoric monoester hydrolase inhibitor of phosphoric monoester hydrolase (EC 3.1.3.*) inhibitors of phosphoric monoester hydrolase inhibitors of phosphoric monoester hydrolase (EC 3.1.3.*) phosphoric monoester hydrolase (EC 3.1.3.*) inhibitor phosphoric monoester hydrolase (EC 3.1.3.*) inhibitors phosphoric monoester hydrolase inhibitor phosphoric monoester hydrolase inhibitors CHEBI:76775 EC 3.1.3.* (phosphoric monoester hydrolase) inhibitor EC 3.1.3.* (phosphoric monoester hydrolase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.1.3.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.1.3.* inhibitors ChEBI inhibitor of phosphoric monoester hydrolase ChEBI inhibitor of phosphoric monoester hydrolase (EC 3.1.3.*) ChEBI inhibitors of phosphoric monoester hydrolase ChEBI inhibitors of phosphoric monoester hydrolase (EC 3.1.3.*) ChEBI phosphoric monoester hydrolase (EC 3.1.3.*) inhibitor ChEBI phosphoric monoester hydrolase (EC 3.1.3.*) inhibitors ChEBI phosphoric monoester hydrolase inhibitor ChEBI phosphoric monoester hydrolase inhibitors ChEBI Any EC 3.4.21.* (serine endopeptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of prolyl oligopeptidase (EC 3.4.21.26). chebi_ontology EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitors EC 3.4.21.26 inhibitor EC 3.4.21.26 inhibitors endoprolylpeptidase inhibitor endoprolylpeptidase inhibitors post-proline cleaving enzyme inhibitor post-proline cleaving enzyme inhibitors post-proline endopeptidase inhibitor post-proline endopeptidase inhibitors proline endopeptidase inhibitor proline endopeptidase inhibitors proline-specific endopeptidase inhibitor proline-specific endopeptidase inhibitors prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor prolyl endopeptidase inhibitors prolyl oligopeptidase (EC 3.4.21.26) inhibitor prolyl oligopeptidase (EC 3.4.21.26) inhibitors prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor CHEBI:76779 EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.4.21.26 inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.4.21.26 inhibitors ChEBI endoprolylpeptidase inhibitor ChEBI endoprolylpeptidase inhibitors ChEBI post-proline cleaving enzyme inhibitor ChEBI post-proline cleaving enzyme inhibitors ChEBI post-proline endopeptidase inhibitor ChEBI post-proline endopeptidase inhibitors ChEBI proline endopeptidase inhibitor ChEBI proline endopeptidase inhibitors ChEBI proline-specific endopeptidase inhibitor ChEBI proline-specific endopeptidase inhibitors ChEBI prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor ChEBI prolyl endopeptidase inhibitors ChEBI prolyl oligopeptidase (EC 3.4.21.26) inhibitor ChEBI prolyl oligopeptidase (EC 3.4.21.26) inhibitors ChEBI prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor ChEBI An EC 2.5.1.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of a glutathione transferase (EC 2.5.1.18). Wikipedia:Glutathione_S-transferase chebi_ontology EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitors EC 2.5.1.18 inhibitor EC 2.5.1.18 inhibitors RX:glutathione R-transferase inhibitor RX:glutathione R-transferase inhibitors S-(hydroxyalkyl)glutathione lyase inhibitor S-(hydroxyalkyl)glutathione lyase inhibitors glutathione S-alkyl transferase inhibitor glutathione S-alkyl transferase inhibitors glutathione S-alkyltransferase inhibitor glutathione S-alkyltransferase inhibitors glutathione S-aralkyltransferase inhibitor glutathione S-aralkyltransferase inhibitors glutathione S-aryltransferase inhibitor glutathione S-aryltransferase inhibitors glutathione S-transferase inhibitor glutathione S-transferase inhibitors glutathione transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor glutathione transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitors glutathione transferase inhibitor glutathione transferase inhibitors CHEBI:76797 EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 2.5.1.18 inhibitor ChEBI EC 2.5.1.18 inhibitors ChEBI RX:glutathione R-transferase inhibitor ChEBI RX:glutathione R-transferase inhibitors ChEBI S-(hydroxyalkyl)glutathione lyase inhibitor ChEBI S-(hydroxyalkyl)glutathione lyase inhibitors ChEBI glutathione S-alkyl transferase inhibitor ChEBI glutathione S-alkyl transferase inhibitors ChEBI glutathione S-alkyltransferase inhibitor ChEBI glutathione S-alkyltransferase inhibitors ChEBI glutathione S-aralkyltransferase inhibitor ChEBI glutathione S-aralkyltransferase inhibitors ChEBI glutathione S-aryltransferase inhibitor ChEBI glutathione S-aryltransferase inhibitors ChEBI glutathione S-transferase inhibitor ChEBI glutathione S-transferase inhibitors ChEBI glutathione transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor ChEBI glutathione transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitors ChEBI glutathione transferase inhibitor ChEBI glutathione transferase inhibitors ChEBI An EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*). chebi_ontology EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitors EC 3.5.1.* inhibitor EC 3.5.1.* inhibitors non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitor non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitors CHEBI:76807 EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.1.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.1.* inhibitors ChEBI non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitor ChEBI non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitors ChEBI An EC 2.7.* (P-containing group transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any protein-serine/threonine kinase (EC 2.7.11.*). chebi_ontology EC 2.7.11.* (protein-serine/threonine kinase) inhibitors EC 2.7.11.* inhibitor EC 2.7.11.* inhibitors protein-serine/threonine kinase (EC 2.7.11.*) inhibitor protein-serine/threonine kinase (EC 2.7.11.*) inhibitors protein-serine/threonine kinase inhibitor protein-serine/threonine kinase inhibitors CHEBI:76812 EC 2.7.11.* (protein-serine/threonine kinase) inhibitor EC 2.7.11.* (protein-serine/threonine kinase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 2.7.11.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 2.7.11.* inhibitors ChEBI protein-serine/threonine kinase (EC 2.7.11.*) inhibitor ChEBI protein-serine/threonine kinase (EC 2.7.11.*) inhibitors ChEBI protein-serine/threonine kinase inhibitor ChEBI protein-serine/threonine kinase inhibitors ChEBI An EC 2.7.* (P-containing group transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any nucleotidyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.*). chebi_ontology EC 2.7.7.* (nucleotidyltransferase) inhibitors inhibitor of nucleotidyltransferases inhibitor of nucleotidyltransferases (EC 2.7.7.*) inhibitors of nucleotidyltransferases inhibitors of nucleotidyltransferases (EC 2.7.7.*) nucleotidyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.*) inhibitor nucleotidyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.*) inhibitors nucleotidyltransferase inhibitor nucleotidyltransferase inhibitors CHEBI:76815 EC 2.7.7.* (nucleotidyltransferase) inhibitor EC 2.7.7.* (nucleotidyltransferase) inhibitors ChEBI inhibitor of nucleotidyltransferases ChEBI inhibitor of nucleotidyltransferases (EC 2.7.7.*) ChEBI inhibitors of nucleotidyltransferases ChEBI inhibitors of nucleotidyltransferases (EC 2.7.7.*) ChEBI nucleotidyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.*) inhibitor ChEBI nucleotidyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.*) inhibitors ChEBI nucleotidyltransferase inhibitor ChEBI nucleotidyltransferase inhibitors ChEBI An EC 2.7.* (P-containing group transferase) inhibitor that interferes with any enzyme in the EC 2.7.8.* (transferases for other substituted phosphate groups) category. chebi_ontology EC 2.7.8.* (transferases for other substituted phosphate groups) inhibitors EC 2.7.8.* inhibitor EC 2.7.8.* inhibitors CHEBI:76816 EC 2.7.8.* (transferases for other substituted phosphate groups) inhibitor EC 2.7.8.* (transferases for other substituted phosphate groups) inhibitors ChEBI EC 2.7.8.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 2.7.8.* inhibitors ChEBI An EC 4.3.* (C-N lyase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.*). chebi_ontology EC 4.3.1.* (ammonia-lyase) inhibitors EC 4.3.1.* (ammonia-lyases) inhibitor EC 4.3.1.* (ammonia-lyases) inhibitors EC 4.3.1.* inhibitor EC 4.3.1.* inhibitors ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.*) inhibitor ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.*) inhibitors ammonia-lyase inhibitor ammonia-lyase inhibitors CHEBI:76832 EC 4.3.1.* (ammonia-lyase) inhibitor EC 4.3.1.* (ammonia-lyase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 4.3.1.* (ammonia-lyases) inhibitor ChEBI EC 4.3.1.* (ammonia-lyases) inhibitors ChEBI EC 4.3.1.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 4.3.1.* inhibitors ChEBI ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.*) inhibitor ChEBI ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.*) inhibitors ChEBI ammonia-lyase inhibitor ChEBI ammonia-lyase inhibitors ChEBI An EC 2.5.* (transferase) inhibitor that inhibits the action of any transferase that transfers an alkyl (other than methyl) or aryl group (EC 2.5.*). chebi_ontology EC 2.5.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitors EC 2.5.* inhibitor EC 2.5.* inhibitors non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase (EC 2.5.*) inhibitor non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase (EC 2.5.*) inhibitors CHEBI:76834 EC 2.5.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitor EC 2.5.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 2.5.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 2.5.* inhibitors ChEBI non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase (EC 2.5.*) inhibitor ChEBI non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase (EC 2.5.*) inhibitors ChEBI An EC 1.17.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2) inhibitor that interferes with the activity of any such enzyme that uses a disulfide as acceptor (EC 1.17.4.*). chebi_ontology EC 1.17.4.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 with a disulfide as acceptor) inhibitors EC 1.17.4.* inhibitor EC 1.17.4.* inhibitors oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 with a disulfide as acceptor (EC 1.17.4.*) inhibitor oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 with a disulfide as acceptor (EC 1.17.4.*) inhibitors CHEBI:76848 EC 1.17.4.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 with a disulfide as acceptor) inhibitor EC 1.17.4.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 with a disulfide as acceptor) inhibitors ChEBI EC 1.17.4.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 1.17.4.* inhibitors ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 with a disulfide as acceptor (EC 1.17.4.*) inhibitor ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 with a disulfide as acceptor (EC 1.17.4.*) inhibitors ChEBI An EC 3.6.* (hydrolases acting on acid anhydrides) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme that catalyses transmembrane movement of substances (EC 3.6.3.*). chebi_ontology EC 3.6.3.* (acid anhydride hydrolase catalysing transmembrane movement of substances) inhibitors EC 3.6.3.* inhibitor EC 3.6.3.* inhibitors acid anhydride hydrolase catalysing transmembrane movement of substances (EC 3.6.3.*) inhibitor acid anhydride hydrolase catalysing transmembrane movement of substances (EC 3.6.3.*) inhibitors CHEBI:76895 EC 3.6.3.* (acid anhydride hydrolase catalysing transmembrane movement of substances) inhibitor EC 3.6.3.* (acid anhydride hydrolase catalysing transmembrane movement of substances) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.6.3.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.6.3.* inhibitors ChEBI acid anhydride hydrolase catalysing transmembrane movement of substances (EC 3.6.3.*) inhibitor ChEBI acid anhydride hydrolase catalysing transmembrane movement of substances (EC 3.6.3.*) inhibitors ChEBI Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in plants, the kingdom that include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms. CHEBI:75766 CHEBI:76925 chebi_ontology plant metabolites plant secondary metabolites CHEBI:76924 plant metabolite plant metabolites ChEBI plant secondary metabolites ChEBI An enzyme inhibitor that interferes with one or more steps in a metabolic pathway. chebi_ontology metabolic pathway inhibitor metabolic pathway inhibitors pathway inhibitors CHEBI:76932 pathway inhibitor metabolic pathway inhibitor ChEBI metabolic pathway inhibitors ChEBI pathway inhibitors ChEBI Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in fungi, the kingdom that includes microorganisms such as the yeasts and moulds. CHEBI:75765 CHEBI:76947 chebi_ontology fungal metabolites CHEBI:76946 fungal metabolite fungal metabolites ChEBI Any human metabolite produced by metabolism of a xenobiotic compound in humans. chebi_ontology human xenobiotic metabolites CHEBI:76967 human xenobiotic metabolite human xenobiotic metabolites ChEBI Any prokaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in bacteria. CHEBI:75760 CHEBI:76970 chebi_ontology CHEBI:76969 bacterial metabolite Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli. chebi_ontology E.coli metabolite E.coli metabolites Escherichia coli metabolites CHEBI:76971 Escherichia coli metabolite E.coli metabolite ChEBI E.coli metabolites ChEBI Escherichia coli metabolites ChEBI A synthetic or semi-synthetic compound that has oestrogenic activity. Wikipedia:Xenoestrogen chebi_ontology xenoestrogens CHEBI:76988 xenoestrogen xenoestrogens ChEBI An EC 2.3.* (acyltransferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of an acyltransferase which converts the acyl group to an alkyl group on transfer (EC 2.3.3.*). chebi_ontology EC 2.3.3.* (acyltransferase converting acyl to alkyl group on transfer) inhibitors EC 2.3.3.* inhibitor EC 2.3.3.* inhibitors acyltransferase converting acyl to alkyl group on transfer (EC 2.3.3.*) inhibitor acyltransferase converting acyl to alkyl group on transfer (EC 2.3.3.*) inhibitors CHEBI:77022 EC 2.3.3.* (acyltransferase converting acyl to alkyl group on transfer) inhibitor EC 2.3.3.* (acyltransferase converting acyl to alkyl group on transfer) inhibitors ChEBI EC 2.3.3.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 2.3.3.* inhibitors ChEBI acyltransferase converting acyl to alkyl group on transfer (EC 2.3.3.*) inhibitor ChEBI acyltransferase converting acyl to alkyl group on transfer (EC 2.3.3.*) inhibitors ChEBI An EC 2.3.3.* (acyltransferase converting acyl to alkyl group on transfer) inhibitor that interferes with the action of citrate (Si)-synthase, EC 2.3.3.1. Wikipedia:Citrate_synthase chebi_ontology (R)-citrate synthase inhibitor (R)-citrate synthase inhibitors EC 2.3.3.1 (citrate (Si)-synthase) inhibitor EC 2.3.3.1 (citrate (Si)-synthase) inhibitors EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitors EC 2.3.3.1 inhibitor EC 2.3.3.1 inhibitors acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase [thioester-hydrolysing, (pro-S)-carboxymethyl forming] inhibitor acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase [thioester-hydrolysing, (pro-S)-carboxymethyl forming] inhibitors citrate (Si)-synthase (EC 2.3.3.1) inhibitor citrate (Si)-synthase (EC 2.3.3.1) inhibitors citrate condensing enzyme inhibitor citrate condensing enzyme inhibitors citrate oxaloacetate-lyase [(pro-3S)-CH2COO->acetyl-CoA] inhibitor citrate oxaloacetate-lyase [(pro-3S)-CH2COO->acetyl-CoA] inhibitors citrate oxaloacetate-lyase, CoA-acetylating inhibitor citrate oxaloacetate-lyase, CoA-acetylating inhibitors citrate synthase inhibitor citrate synthase inhibitors citrate synthetase inhibitor citrate synthetase inhibitors citric synthase inhibitor citric synthase inhibitors citric-condensing enzyme inhibitor citric-condensing enzyme inhibitors citrogenase inhibitor citrogenase inhibitors condensing enzyme inhibitor condensing enzyme inhibitors oxalacetic transacetase inhibitor oxalacetic transacetase inhibitors oxaloacetate transacetase inhibitor oxaloacetate transacetase inhibitors CHEBI:77023 EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor (R)-citrate synthase inhibitor ChEBI (R)-citrate synthase inhibitors ChEBI EC 2.3.3.1 (citrate (Si)-synthase) inhibitor ChEBI EC 2.3.3.1 (citrate (Si)-synthase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitors ChEBI EC 2.3.3.1 inhibitor ChEBI EC 2.3.3.1 inhibitors ChEBI acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase [thioester-hydrolysing, (pro-S)-carboxymethyl forming] inhibitor ChEBI acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase [thioester-hydrolysing, (pro-S)-carboxymethyl forming] inhibitors ChEBI citrate (Si)-synthase (EC 2.3.3.1) inhibitor ChEBI citrate (Si)-synthase (EC 2.3.3.1) inhibitors ChEBI citrate condensing enzyme inhibitor ChEBI citrate condensing enzyme inhibitors ChEBI citrate oxaloacetate-lyase [(pro-3S)-CH2COO->acetyl-CoA] inhibitor ChEBI citrate oxaloacetate-lyase [(pro-3S)-CH2COO->acetyl-CoA] inhibitors ChEBI citrate oxaloacetate-lyase, CoA-acetylating inhibitor ChEBI citrate oxaloacetate-lyase, CoA-acetylating inhibitors ChEBI citrate synthase inhibitor ChEBI citrate synthase inhibitors ChEBI citrate synthetase inhibitor ChEBI citrate synthetase inhibitors ChEBI citric synthase inhibitor ChEBI citric synthase inhibitors ChEBI citric-condensing enzyme inhibitor ChEBI citric-condensing enzyme inhibitors ChEBI citrogenase inhibitor ChEBI citrogenase inhibitors ChEBI condensing enzyme inhibitor ChEBI condensing enzyme inhibitors ChEBI oxalacetic transacetase inhibitor ChEBI oxalacetic transacetase inhibitors ChEBI oxaloacetate transacetase inhibitor ChEBI oxaloacetate transacetase inhibitors ChEBI An EC 3.1.3.* (phosphoric monoester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of 4-nitrophenylphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.41). Wikipedia:4-nitrophenylphosphatase chebi_ontology 4-nitrophenylphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.41) inhibitor 4-nitrophenylphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.41) inhibitors 4-nitrophenylphosphate phosphohydrolase inhibitor 4-nitrophenylphosphate phosphohydrolase inhibitors EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitors EC 3.1.3.41 inhibitor EC 3.1.3.41 inhibitors Ecto-p-nitrophenyl phosphatase inhibitor Ecto-p-nitrophenyl phosphatase inhibitors K-pNPPase inhibitor K-pNPPase inhibitors NPPase inhibitor NPPase inhibitors PNPPase inhibitor PNPPase inhibitors nitrophenyl phosphatase inhibitor nitrophenyl phosphatase inhibitors p-nitrophenylphosphatase inhibitor p-nitrophenylphosphatase inhibitors p-nitrophenylphosphate phosphohydrolase inhibitor p-nitrophenylphosphate phosphohydrolase inhibitors para-nitrophenyl phosphatase inhibitor para-nitrophenyl phosphatase inhibitors xK-pNPPase inhibitors CHEBI:77024 EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor 4-nitrophenylphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.41) inhibitor ChEBI 4-nitrophenylphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.41) inhibitors ChEBI 4-nitrophenylphosphate phosphohydrolase inhibitor ChEBI 4-nitrophenylphosphate phosphohydrolase inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.1.3.41 inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.1.3.41 inhibitors ChEBI Ecto-p-nitrophenyl phosphatase inhibitor ChEBI Ecto-p-nitrophenyl phosphatase inhibitors ChEBI K-pNPPase inhibitor ChEBI K-pNPPase inhibitors ChEBI NPPase inhibitor ChEBI NPPase inhibitors ChEBI PNPPase inhibitor ChEBI PNPPase inhibitors ChEBI nitrophenyl phosphatase inhibitor ChEBI nitrophenyl phosphatase inhibitors ChEBI p-nitrophenylphosphatase inhibitor ChEBI p-nitrophenylphosphatase inhibitors ChEBI p-nitrophenylphosphate phosphohydrolase inhibitor ChEBI p-nitrophenylphosphate phosphohydrolase inhibitors ChEBI para-nitrophenyl phosphatase inhibitor ChEBI para-nitrophenyl phosphatase inhibitors ChEBI xK-pNPPase inhibitors ChEBI An imidazothiazole that is imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole in which the double bonds at the 2-3 and 5-6 positions have been reduced to single bonds and in which one of the hydrogens at position 6 is replaced by a phenyl group. 0 C11H12N2S InChI=1S/C11H12N2S/c1-2-4-9(5-3-1)10-8-13-6-7-14-11(13)12-10/h1-5,10H,6-8H2 HLFSDGLLUJUHTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 204.29100 204.07212 C1CN2CC(N=C2S1)c1ccccc1 LINCS:LSM-1579 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole chebi_ontology CHEBI:77278 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole IUPAC A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has R configuration. 0 C11H12N2S InChI=1S/C11H12N2S/c1-2-4-9(5-3-1)10-8-13-6-7-14-11(13)12-10/h1-5,10H,6-8H2/t10-/m0/s1 HLFSDGLLUJUHTE-JTQLQIEISA-N 204.29100 204.07212 C1CN2C[C@H](N=C2S1)c1ccccc1 CAS:14769-74-5 KEGG:D03708 PMID:189006 PMID:22337783 PMID:669135 PMID:7454609 Reaxys:5267119 (6R)-6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole chebi_ontology (+)-6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole (+)-6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole (+)-tetramisole (R)-(+)-tetramisole dexamisol dexamisole dexamisolum CHEBI:77282 dexamisole CAS:14769-74-5 ChemIDplus PMID:189006 Europe PMC PMID:22337783 Europe PMC PMID:669135 Europe PMC PMID:7454609 Europe PMC Reaxys:5267119 Reaxys (6R)-6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole IUPAC (+)-6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole ChEBI (+)-6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole ChEBI (+)-tetramisole ChemIDplus (R)-(+)-tetramisole ChemIDplus dexamisol WHO_MedNet dexamisole WHO_MedNet dexamisolum WHO_MedNet Any protective agent that is able to prevent damage to the heart. chebi_ontology cardioprotective agents CHEBI:77307 cardioprotective agent cardioprotective agents ChEBI An EC 4.3.1.* (ammonia-lyase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of histidine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.3). Wikipedia:Histidine_ammonia-lyase chebi_ontology EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitors EC 4.3.1.3 inhibitor EC 4.3.1.3 inhibitors L-histidine ammonia-lyase (urocanate-forming) inhibitor L-histidine ammonia-lyase (urocanate-forming) inhibitors L-histidine ammonia-lyase inhibitor L-histidine ammonia-lyase inhibitors histidase inhibitor histidase inhibitors histidinase inhibitor histidinase inhibitors histidine alpha-deaminase inhibitor histidine alpha-deaminase inhibitors histidine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.3) inhibitor histidine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.3) inhibitors histidine ammonia-lyase inhibitor histidine ammonia-lyase inhibitors CHEBI:77703 EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 4.3.1.3 inhibitor ChEBI EC 4.3.1.3 inhibitors ChEBI L-histidine ammonia-lyase (urocanate-forming) inhibitor ChEBI L-histidine ammonia-lyase (urocanate-forming) inhibitors ChEBI L-histidine ammonia-lyase inhibitor ChEBI L-histidine ammonia-lyase inhibitors ChEBI histidase inhibitor ChEBI histidase inhibitors ChEBI histidinase inhibitor ChEBI histidinase inhibitors ChEBI histidine alpha-deaminase inhibitor ChEBI histidine alpha-deaminase inhibitors ChEBI histidine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.3) inhibitor ChEBI histidine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.3) inhibitors ChEBI histidine ammonia-lyase inhibitor ChEBI histidine ammonia-lyase inhibitors ChEBI Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens). CHEBI:75770 CHEBI:77123 chebi_ontology H. sapiens metabolite H. sapiens metabolites Homo sapiens metabolite Homo sapiens metabolites CHEBI:77746 human metabolite H. sapiens metabolite ChEBI H. sapiens metabolites ChEBI Homo sapiens metabolite ChEBI Homo sapiens metabolites ChEBI An EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of amidase (EC 3.5.1.4). Wikipedia:Amidase chebi_ontology EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitors EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitor EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitors N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitor N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitors acylamidase inhibitor acylamidase inhibitors acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitor acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitors amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitor amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitors amidase inhibitor amidase inhibitors amidohydrolase inhibitor amidohydrolase inhibitors deaminase inhibitor deaminase inhibitors fatty acylamidase inhibitor fatty acylamidase inhibitors CHEBI:77941 EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitors ChEBI N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitor ChEBI N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitors ChEBI acylamidase inhibitor ChEBI acylamidase inhibitors ChEBI acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitor ChEBI acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitors ChEBI amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitor ChEBI amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitors ChEBI amidase inhibitor ChEBI amidase inhibitors ChEBI amidohydrolase inhibitor ChEBI amidohydrolase inhibitors ChEBI deaminase inhibitor ChEBI deaminase inhibitors ChEBI fatty acylamidase inhibitor ChEBI fatty acylamidase inhibitors ChEBI A food additive that is a (generally inert) gas which is used to envelop foodstuffs during packing and so protect them from unwanted chemical reactions such as food spoilage or oxidation during subsequent transport and storage. The term includes propellant gases, used to expel foods from a container. Wikipedia:Packaging_gas chebi_ontology food packaging gases CHEBI:77974 food packaging gas food packaging gases ChEBI A propellant that is used to expel foods from an aerosol container. chebi_ontology food propellants CHEBI:78017 food propellant food propellants ChEBI Any saturated fatty acid anion containing 4 carbons. Formed by deprotonation of the carboxylic acid moiety. Major species at pH 7.3. -1 C4H7O2 87.09718 87.04460 [O-]C([*])=O chebi_ontology fatty acid 4:0 CHEBI:78115 fatty acid anion 4:0 fatty acid 4:0 UniProt Any saturated fatty acid anion containing 6 carbons. Formed by deprotonation of the carboxylic acid moiety. Major species at pH 7.3. -1 C6H11O2 115.15034 115.07590 [O-]C([*])=O chebi_ontology fatty acid 6:0 CHEBI:78116 fatty acid anion 6:0 fatty acid 6:0 UniProt Any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants. chebi_ontology dietary component dietary components food components CHEBI:78295 food component dietary component ChEBI dietary components ChEBI food components ChEBI Any minor or unwanted substance introduced into the environment that can have undesired effects. chebi_ontology environmental contaminants CHEBI:78298 environmental contaminant environmental contaminants ChEBI A substance used in a thermodynamic heat pump cycle or refrigeration cycle that undergoes a phase change from a gas to a liquid and back. Refrigerants are used in air-conditioning systems and freezers or refrigerators and are assigned a "R" number (by ASHRAE - formerly the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers), which is determined systematically according to their molecular structure. Wikipedia:Refrigerant chebi_ontology refrigerants CHEBI:78433 refrigerant refrigerants ChEBI An amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of any alpha-amino acid; major species at pH 7.3. 0 C2H4NO2R 74.059 74.02420 [NH3+]C([*])C([O-])=O CHEBI:83409 MetaCyc:Alpha-Amino-Acids chebi_ontology an alpha-amino acid CHEBI:78608 alpha-amino acid zwitterion MetaCyc:Alpha-Amino-Acids SUBMITTER an alpha-amino acid UniProt Any organooxygen compound that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone, or a compound derived from one. Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and usually have an empirical formula Cm(H2O)n; carbohydrate derivatives may contain other elements by substitution or condensation. chebi_ontology carbohydrates and derivatives carbohydrates and their derivatives CHEBI:78616 carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives carbohydrates and derivatives ChEBI carbohydrates and their derivatives ChEBI Any metabolite produced by all living cells. chebi_ontology essential metabolite essential metabolites fundamental metabolites CHEBI:78675 fundamental metabolite essential metabolite ChEBI essential metabolites ChEBI fundamental metabolites ChEBI Any organic molecular entity that contains at least one C=C bond. chebi_ontology olefinic compounds CHEBI:78840 olefinic compound olefinic compounds ChEBI The conjugate acid of (R)-nicotine arising from selective protonation of the tertiary amino group; major species at pH 7.3. +1 C10H15N2 InChI=1S/C10H14N2/c1-12-7-3-5-10(12)9-4-2-6-11-8-9/h2,4,6,8,10H,3,5,7H2,1H3/p+1/t10-/m1/s1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-SNVBAGLBSA-O 163.23900 163.12297 C[NH+]1CCC[C@@H]1c1cccnc1 MetaCyc:R-NICOTINE (2R)-1-methyl-2-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrrolidinium chebi_ontology (R)-nicotine CHEBI:79008 (R)-nicotinium(1+) MetaCyc:R-NICOTINE SUBMITTER (2R)-1-methyl-2-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrrolidinium IUPAC (R)-nicotine UniProt A monocarboxylic acid in which the carbon of the carboxy group is directly attached to a C=C or C#C bond. chebi_ontology 2,3-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid 2,3-unsaturated monocarboxylic acids alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acids CHEBI:79020 alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid 2,3-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid ChEBI 2,3-unsaturated monocarboxylic acids ChEBI alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acids ChEBI Any inorganic anion with a valency of three. chebi_ontology trivalent inorganic anions CHEBI:79387 trivalent inorganic anion trivalent inorganic anions ChEBI Any inorganic anion with a valency of two. chebi_ontology divalent inorganic anions CHEBI:79388 divalent inorganic anion divalent inorganic anions ChEBI Any inorganic anion with a valency of one. chebi_ontology monovalent inorganic anions CHEBI:79389 monovalent inorganic anion monovalent inorganic anions ChEBI A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension. 0 C17H19N3O InChI=1S/C17H19N3O/c1-13-5-7-14(8-6-13)20(12-17-18-9-10-19-17)15-3-2-4-16(21)11-15/h2-8,11,21H,9-10,12H2,1H3,(H,18,19) MRBDMNSDAVCSSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 281.35230 281.15281 Cc1ccc(cc1)N(CC1=NCCN1)c1cccc(O)c1 CAS:50-60-2 DrugBank:DB00692 Drug_Central:2142 HMDB:HMDB0014830 KEGG:D00509 KEGG:D08362 LINCS:LSM-4022 PMID:23438114 PMID:23522530 PMID:23658874 PMID:23666670 PMID:23887290 PMID:23926134 Patent:US2503059 Reaxys:272944 Wikipedia:Phentolamine 3-[(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)(4-methylphenyl)amino]phenol chebi_ontology 2-(N-(m-hydroxyphenyl)-p-toluidinomethyl)imidazoline Phentolamine mesylate Regitina Regitine Rogitine fentolamina phentolamine phentolaminum CHEBI:8081 phentolamine CAS:50-60-2 ChemIDplus Drug_Central:2142 DrugCentral PMID:23438114 Europe PMC PMID:23522530 Europe PMC PMID:23658874 Europe PMC PMID:23666670 Europe PMC PMID:23887290 Europe PMC PMID:23926134 Europe PMC Reaxys:272944 Reaxys 3-[(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)(4-methylphenyl)amino]phenol IUPAC 2-(N-(m-hydroxyphenyl)-p-toluidinomethyl)imidazoline ChemIDplus Phentolamine mesylate KEGG_COMPOUND Regitina ChEBI Regitine ChemIDplus Rogitine ChEBI fentolamina ChemIDplus phentolamine ChemIDplus phentolamine WHO_MedNet phentolaminum ChemIDplus A diterpenoid with the structure of tigliane hydroxylated at C-4, -9, -12(beta), -13 and -20, with an oxo group at C-3 and unsaturation at the 1- and 6-positions. 0 C20H28O6 InChI=1S/C20H28O6/c1-9-5-13-18(24,15(9)22)7-11(8-21)6-12-14-17(3,4)20(14,26)16(23)10(2)19(12,13)25/h5-6,10,12-14,16,21,23-26H,7-8H2,1-4H3/t10-,12+,13-,14-,16-,18-,19-,20-/m1/s1 QGVLYPPODPLXMB-UBTYZVCOSA-N 364.433 364.18859 C=1[C@@]2([C@@]([C@]3([C@@](C(=O)C(=C3)C)(CC1CO)O)[H])([C@H](C)[C@H]([C@@]4([C@]2(C4(C)C)[H])O)O)O)[H] Beilstein:2341335 CAS:17673-25-5 KEGG:C09155 KNApSAcK:C00003465 LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMPR0104330001 PMID:27007853 (1aR,1bS,4aR,7aS,7bS,8R,9R,9aS)-4a,7b,9,9a-tetrahydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,1,6,8-tetramethyl-1,1a,1b,4,4a,7a,7b,8,9,9a-decahydro-5H-cyclopropa[3,4]benzo[1,2-e]azulen-5-one Phorbol chebi_ontology 4,9,12beta,13,20-pentahydroxy-1,6-tigliadien-3-on 4,9,12beta,13,20-pentahydroxytiglia-1,6-dien-3-one CHEBI:8116 phorbol Beilstein:2341335 Beilstein CAS:17673-25-5 ChemIDplus CAS:17673-25-5 KEGG COMPOUND LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMPR0104330001 LIPID MAPS PMID:27007853 Europe PMC (1aR,1bS,4aR,7aS,7bS,8R,9R,9aS)-4a,7b,9,9a-tetrahydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,1,6,8-tetramethyl-1,1a,1b,4,4a,7a,7b,8,9,9a-decahydro-5H-cyclopropa[3,4]benzo[1,2-e]azulen-5-one IUPAC Phorbol KEGG_COMPOUND 4,9,12beta,13,20-pentahydroxy-1,6-tigliadien-3-on ChemIDplus 4,9,12beta,13,20-pentahydroxytiglia-1,6-dien-3-one ChEBI Any unsaturated fatty acid anion with one double or triple bond in the fatty acid chain. -1 CO2R 44.010 43.98983 [O-]C([*])=O chebi_ontology monounsaturated fatty acid anions CHEBI:82680 monounsaturated fatty acid anion monounsaturated fatty acid anions ChEBI Any aldoxime derived from an aliphatic aldehyde. 0 CH2NOR 44.03270 44.01364 ON=C[*] MetaCyc:Aliphatic-Aldoximes chebi_ontology an aliphatic aldoxime CHEBI:82744 aliphatic aldoxime MetaCyc:Aliphatic-Aldoximes SUBMITTER an aliphatic aldoxime UniProt An animal metabolite produced by arthropods such as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimps and krill. chebi_ontology crustacean metabolites CHEBI:83039 crustacean metabolite crustacean metabolites ChEBI A Daphnia metabolite produced by the species Daphnia magna. chebi_ontology Daphnia magna metabolites CHEBI:83056 Daphnia magna metabolite Daphnia magna metabolites ChEBI A crustacean metabolite produced by the genus of small planktonic arthropods, Daphnia Wikipedia:Daphnia chebi_ontology Daphnia metabolites CHEBI:83057 Daphnia metabolite Daphnia metabolites ChEBI An ester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of an alcohol, phenol, heteroarenol, or enol with an organosulfonic acid. 0 O3SR2 80.06300 79.95681 [*]S(=O)(=O)O[*] chebi_ontology organosulfonate ester organosulfonate esters organosulfonic esters CHEBI:83347 organosulfonic ester organosulfonate ester ChEBI organosulfonate esters ChEBI organosulfonic esters ChEBI Any metabolite produced by metabolism of a xenobiotic compound in marine macro- and microorganisms. chebi_ontology marine xenobiotic metabolites CHEBI:83399 marine xenobiotic metabolite marine xenobiotic metabolites ChEBI An organofluorine compound that is (trifluoromethyl)benzene and derivatives arising from substitution of one or more of the phenyl hydrogens. chebi_ontology CHEBI:83565 (trifluoromethyl)benzenes Any derivative of a proteinogenic amino acid resulting from reaction at an amino group, carboxy group, or a side-chain functional group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen by a heteroatom. chebi_ontology canonical amino acid derivative canonical amino acid derivatives canonical amino-acid derivative canonical amino-acid derivatives proteinogenic amino acid derivatives proteinogenic amino-acid derivative proteinogenic amino-acid derivatives CHEBI:83811 proteinogenic amino acid derivative canonical amino acid derivative ChEBI canonical amino acid derivatives ChEBI canonical amino-acid derivative ChEBI canonical amino-acid derivatives ChEBI proteinogenic amino acid derivatives ChEBI proteinogenic amino-acid derivative ChEBI proteinogenic amino-acid derivatives ChEBI Any of the 23 alpha-amino acids that are precursors to proteins, and are incorporated into proteins during translation. The group includes the 20 amino acids encoded by the nuclear genes of eukaryotes together with selenocysteine, pyrrolysine, and N-formylmethionine. Apart from glycine, which is non-chiral, all have L configuration. Wikipedia:Proteinogenic_amino_acid chebi_ontology canonical amino acid canonical amino acids proteinogenic amino acids CHEBI:83813 proteinogenic amino acid canonical amino acid ChEBI canonical amino acids ChEBI proteinogenic amino acids ChEBI Any amino-acid that is not naturally encoded in the genetic code of any organism. Wikipedia:Non-proteinogenic_amino_acids chebi_ontology non-canonical amino acid non-canonical amino acids non-canonical amino-acid non-canonical amino-acids non-coded amino acid non-coded amino acids non-coded amino-acid non-coded amino-acids non-proteinogenic amino acids non-proteinogenic amino-acid non-proteinogenic amino-acids CHEBI:83820 non-proteinogenic amino acid non-canonical amino acid ChEBI non-canonical amino acids ChEBI non-canonical amino-acid ChEBI non-canonical amino-acids ChEBI non-coded amino acid ChEBI non-coded amino acids ChEBI non-coded amino-acid ChEBI non-coded amino-acids ChEBI non-proteinogenic amino acids ChEBI non-proteinogenic amino-acid ChEBI non-proteinogenic amino-acids ChEBI Any derivative of an amino acid resulting from reaction at an amino group, carboxy group, side-chain functional group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing amino acid residues. CHEBI:25359 chebi_ontology amino acid derivatives modified amino acids CHEBI:83821 amino acid derivative amino acid derivatives ChEBI modified amino acids ChEBI A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from the formal reaction of L-cysteine at the amino group, carboxy group, or thiol group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of L-cysteine by a heteroatom. chebi_ontology L-cysteine derivatives CHEBI:83824 L-cysteine derivative L-cysteine derivatives ChEBI Any alpha-amino acid which is not a member of the group of 23 proteinogenic amino acids. chebi_ontology non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acids non-proteinogenic alpha-amino-acid non-proteinogenic alpha-amino-acids CHEBI:83925 non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acids ChEBI non-proteinogenic alpha-amino-acid ChEBI non-proteinogenic alpha-amino-acids ChEBI Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles. Wikipedia:Cardiac_glycoside chebi_ontology cardiac glycosides CHEBI:83970 cardiac glycoside cardiac glycosides ChEBI Any phospho sugar that is the phosphate derivative of pentose. chebi_ontology pentose phosphates CHEBI:84055 pentose phosphate pentose phosphates ChEBI Any metabolite (endogenous or exogenous) found in human urine samples. chebi_ontology human urinary metabolites CHEBI:84087 human urinary metabolite human urinary metabolites ChEBI Any member of the class of indoles carrying at least one hydroxy group. chebi_ontology CHEBI:84729 hydroxyindoles Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in algae including unicellular organisms like chlorella and diatoms to multicellular organisms like giant kelps and brown algae. chebi_ontology algal metabolites CHEBI:84735 algal metabolite algal metabolites ChEBI Any cosmetic used to lighten the colour of skin by reducing the concentration of melanin. PMID:21265866 PMID:22132817 PMID:22314516 PMID:23891889 PMID:23974587 PMID:25535470 PMID:25574195 PMID:25643794 Wikipedia:Skin_whitening chebi_ontology melanogenesis inhibitor melanogenesis inhibitors skin bleaching agent skin bleaching agents skin depigmenting agent skin depigmenting agents skin lightening agents skin whitening agent skin whitening agents CHEBI:85046 skin lightening agent PMID:21265866 Europe PMC PMID:22132817 Europe PMC PMID:22314516 Europe PMC PMID:23891889 Europe PMC PMID:23974587 Europe PMC PMID:25535470 Europe PMC PMID:25574195 Europe PMC PMID:25643794 Europe PMC melanogenesis inhibitor ChEBI melanogenesis inhibitors ChEBI skin bleaching agent ChEBI skin bleaching agents ChEBI skin depigmenting agent ChEBI skin depigmenting agents ChEBI skin lightening agents ChEBI skin whitening agent ChEBI skin whitening agents ChEBI Any metabolite (endogenous or exogenous) found in human blood serum samples. chebi_ontology human blood serum metabolites CHEBI:85234 human blood serum metabolite human blood serum metabolites ChEBI Any aliphatic sulfide in which at least one of the organyl groups attached to the sulfur is a methyl group. 0 CH3SR 47.101 46.99555 CS[*] CHEBI:25260 MetaCyc:Methyl-thioethers chebi_ontology a methyl thioether methyl sulfides methyl thioether methyl thioethers CHEBI:86315 methyl sulfide MetaCyc:Methyl-thioethers SUBMITTER a methyl thioether UniProt methyl sulfides ChEBI methyl thioether ChEBI methyl thioethers ChEBI An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group. 0 C17H18F3NO InChI=1S/C17H18F3NO/c1-21-12-11-16(13-5-3-2-4-6-13)22-15-9-7-14(8-10-15)17(18,19)20/h2-10,16,21H,11-12H2,1H3 RTHCYVBBDHJXIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 309.32610 309.13405 CNCCC(Oc1ccc(cc1)C(F)(F)F)c1ccccc1 LINCS:LSM-1449 VSDB:1851 N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine chebi_ontology CHEBI:86990 N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine IUPAC An N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine that has R configuration. [The antidepressant drug fluoxetine is a racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine]. 0 C17H18F3NO InChI=1S/C17H18F3NO/c1-21-12-11-16(13-5-3-2-4-6-13)22-15-9-7-14(8-10-15)17(18,19)20/h2-10,16,21H,11-12H2,1H3/t16-/m1/s1 RTHCYVBBDHJXIQ-MRXNPFEDSA-N 309.32610 309.13405 CNCC[C@@H](Oc1ccc(cc1)C(F)(F)F)c1ccccc1 CAS:100568-03-4 PMID:19144769 PMID:19788198 PMID:20663810 PMID:22903652 PMID:22923967 PMID:23885544 PMID:24464553 PMID:24997906 Reaxys:4356432 (3R)-N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine chebi_ontology (+)-fluoxetine (R)-(+)-fluoxetine (R)-N-methyl-3-(4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropylamine (R)-N-methyl-3-(4-trifluoromethylphenyloxy)-3-(phenyl)propylamine (R)-N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[(alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-p-tolyl)oxy]propylamine (R)-N-methyl-gamma-(4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropylamine (R)-Prozac CHEBI:86991 (R)-fluoxetine CAS:100568-03-4 ChemIDplus PMID:19144769 Europe PMC PMID:19788198 Europe PMC PMID:20663810 Europe PMC PMID:22903652 Europe PMC PMID:22923967 Europe PMC PMID:23885544 Europe PMC PMID:24464553 Europe PMC PMID:24997906 Europe PMC Reaxys:4356432 Reaxys (3R)-N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine IUPAC (+)-fluoxetine ChEBI (R)-(+)-fluoxetine ChEBI (R)-N-methyl-3-(4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropylamine ChemIDplus (R)-N-methyl-3-(4-trifluoromethylphenyloxy)-3-(phenyl)propylamine ChEBI (R)-N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[(alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-p-tolyl)oxy]propylamine ChEBI (R)-N-methyl-gamma-(4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropylamine ChEBI (R)-Prozac ChEBI An N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine that has S configuration. [The antidepressant drug fluoxetine is a racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine]. 0 C17H18F3NO InChI=1S/C17H18F3NO/c1-21-12-11-16(13-5-3-2-4-6-13)22-15-9-7-14(8-10-15)17(18,19)20/h2-10,16,21H,11-12H2,1H3/t16-/m0/s1 RTHCYVBBDHJXIQ-INIZCTEOSA-N 309.32610 309.13405 CNCC[C@H](Oc1ccc(cc1)C(F)(F)F)c1ccccc1 PMID:19144769 PMID:19788198 PMID:20663810 PMID:22903652 PMID:22923967 PMID:23885544 PMID:24464553 PMID:24997906 Reaxys:4356433 (3S)-N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine chebi_ontology (-)-fluoxetine (S)-(-)-fluoxetine (S)-N-methyl-3-(4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropylamine (S)-N-methyl-3-(4-trifluoromethylphenyloxy)-3-(phenyl)propylamine (S)-N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[(alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-p-tolyl)oxy]propylamine (S)-N-methyl-gamma-(4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropylamine (S)-Prozac CHEBI:86992 (S)-fluoxetine PMID:19144769 Europe PMC PMID:19788198 Europe PMC PMID:20663810 Europe PMC PMID:22903652 Europe PMC PMID:22923967 Europe PMC PMID:23885544 Europe PMC PMID:24464553 Europe PMC PMID:24997906 Europe PMC Reaxys:4356433 Reaxys (3S)-N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine IUPAC (-)-fluoxetine ChEBI (S)-(-)-fluoxetine ChEBI (S)-N-methyl-3-(4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropylamine ChEBI (S)-N-methyl-3-(4-trifluoromethylphenyloxy)-3-(phenyl)propylamine ChEBI (S)-N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[(alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-p-tolyl)oxy]propylamine ChEBI (S)-N-methyl-gamma-(4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropylamine ChEBI (S)-Prozac ChEBI An organic cation resulting from the protonation of the amino group of (R)-fluoxetine. +1 C17H19F3NO InChI=1S/C17H18F3NO/c1-21-12-11-16(13-5-3-2-4-6-13)22-15-9-7-14(8-10-15)17(18,19)20/h2-10,16,21H,11-12H2,1H3/p+1/t16-/m1/s1 RTHCYVBBDHJXIQ-MRXNPFEDSA-O 310.33350 310.14133 C[NH2+]CC[C@@H](Oc1ccc(cc1)C(F)(F)F)c1ccccc1 Reaxys:25263171 (3R)-N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-aminium chebi_ontology (+)-fluoxetine(1+) CHEBI:86993 (R)-fluoxetine(1+) Reaxys:25263171 Reaxys (3R)-N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-aminium IUPAC (+)-fluoxetine(1+) ChEBI An organic cation resulting from the protonation of the amino group of (S)-fluoxetine. +1 C17H19F3NO InChI=1S/C17H18F3NO/c1-21-12-11-16(13-5-3-2-4-6-13)22-15-9-7-14(8-10-15)17(18,19)20/h2-10,16,21H,11-12H2,1H3/p+1/t16-/m0/s1 RTHCYVBBDHJXIQ-INIZCTEOSA-O 310.33350 310.14133 C[NH2+]CC[C@H](Oc1ccc(cc1)C(F)(F)F)c1ccccc1 Reaxys:25263174 (3S)-N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-aminium chebi_ontology (-)-fluoxetine(1+) CHEBI:86995 (S)-fluoxetine(1+) Reaxys:25263174 Reaxys (3S)-N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-aminium IUPAC (-)-fluoxetine(1+) ChEBI Any metal which causes the onset of an allergic reaction. chebi_ontology allergenic metal allergenic metals metal allergens CHEBI:88184 metal allergen allergenic metal ChEBI allergenic metals ChEBI metal allergens ChEBI Any drug which causes the onset of an allergic reaction. chebi_ontology allergenic drug CHEBI:88188 drug allergen allergenic drug ChEBI Any compound that inhibits the process of autophagy (the self-digestion of one or more components of a cell through the action of enzymes originating within the same cell). PMID:24830781 PMID:25727221 PMID:25793774 PMID:25896709 Wikipedia:Autophagy chebi_ontology autophagocytosis inhibitor autophagocytosis inhibitors autophagy inhibitors CHEBI:88230 autophagy inhibitor PMID:24830781 Europe PMC PMID:25727221 Europe PMC PMID:25793774 Europe PMC PMID:25896709 Europe PMC autophagocytosis inhibitor ChEBI autophagocytosis inhibitors ChEBI autophagy inhibitors ChEBI A drug that acts as an antagonist, agonist, reverse agonist, or in some other fashion when interacting with cellular receptors. chebi_ontology receptor modulators CHEBI:90710 receptor modulator receptor modulators ChEBI 0 C6H9NO3 InChI=1S/C6H9NO3/c1-6(2)4(8)7(3)5(9)10-6/h1-3H3 IRYJRGCIQBGHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 143.141 143.05824 CC1(C(=O)N(C(=O)O1)C)C CHEBI:94526 CAS:127-48-0 Drug_Central:2751 HMDB:HMDB0014491 KEGG:D00392 LINCS:LSM-5345 Trimethadione chebi_ontology Tridione (TN) tridione trimetadione trimetin CHEBI:9727 Trimethadione CAS:127-48-0 DrugCentral CAS:127-48-0 KEGG COMPOUND Drug_Central:2751 DrugCentral Trimethadione KEGG_COMPOUND Tridione (TN) KEGG_COMPOUND tridione DrugCentral trimetadione DrugCentral trimetin DrugCentral A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. CALOHA:TS-2035 FMA:68646 GO:0005623 KUPO:0000002 VHOG:0001533 WBbt:0004017 XAO:0003012 cell The definition of cell is intended to represent all cells, and thus a cell is defined as a material entity and not an anatomical structure, which implies that it is part of an organism (or the entirety of one). cell cell A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. CARO:mah A cell that is found in a natural setting, which includes multicellular organism cells 'in vivo' (i.e. part of an organism), and unicellular organisms 'in environment' (i.e. part of a natural environment). CARO:0000013 cell in vivo cell To accommodate unicellular organisms better, 'cell in vivo' has been re-labeled 'native cell' to better represent its intended meaning - that is, that it is a cell in the context of a multicellular organism or in a natural environment. 'Native' is intended to contrast with 'in vitro', which refers to cells or other biological entities that have been intentionally placed in a controlled, non-natural setting for the purpose of study or manipulation. (MAH 1.12.12). native cell A cell that is found in a natural setting, which includes multicellular organism cells 'in vivo' (i.e. part of an organism), and unicellular organisms 'in environment' (i.e. part of a natural environment). CARO:mah A cell found in the embryo before the formation of all the gem layers is complete. cell early embryonic cell A cell found in the embryo before the formation of all the gem layers is complete. GOC:tfm germline stem cell cell germ line stem cell true true FMA:72290 MA:0002765 VHOG:0001531 ncithesaurus:Spermatogenic_Cell cell male germ cell true Female germ cell is a germ cell that supports female gamete production. MA:0000388 VHOG:0001530 ncithesaurus:Egg cell female germ cell true Female germ cell is a germ cell that supports female gamete production. GOC:tfm PMID:11023867 PMID:20454446 cell female germ line stem cell true true A female germ cell that has entered meiosis. BTO:0000964 CALOHA:TS-0711 FBbt:00004886 FMA:18644 WBbt:0006797 cell oogonium oocyte true A female germ cell that has entered meiosis. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 An undifferentiated germ cell that proliferates rapidly and gives rise to oocytes. FMA:83673 cell oogonial cell true An undifferentiated germ cell that proliferates rapidly and gives rise to oocytes. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 A female gamete where meiosis has progressed to metaphase II and is able to participate in fertilization. BTO:0000369 BTO:0003801 CALOHA:TS-2191 FBbt:00057012 FMA:67343 MA:0000388 mature oocyte ovum cell egg cell true A female gamete where meiosis has progressed to metaphase II and is able to participate in fertilization. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 A cell that will develop into a neuron often after a migration phase. BTO:0000930 FBbt:00005146 FMA:70563 cell neuroblast A cell that will develop into a neuron often after a migration phase. GOC:NV http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroblast A relatively undifferentiated cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. CALOHA:TS-2086 FMA:63368 cell stem cell A relatively undifferentiated cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. GOC:tfm MESH:A11.872 A cell that is within the developmental lineage of gametes and is able to pass along its genetic material to offspring. cell Originally this term had some plant germ line cell children. germ line cell A cell that is within the developmental lineage of gametes and is able to pass along its genetic material to offspring. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 Neural stem cell is characterized as an undifferentiated cell that originates from the neuroectoderm and has the capacity both to perpetually self-renew without differentiating and to generate multiple types of lineage-restricted progenitors. BTO:0002881 CALOHA:TS-2360 FMA:86684 NSC neural stem cell cell neuronal stem cell true Neural stem cell is characterized as an undifferentiated cell that originates from the neuroectoderm and has the capacity both to perpetually self-renew without differentiating and to generate multiple types of lineage-restricted progenitors. GOC:tfm MESH:D058953 PMID:15247488 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_stem_cell A stem cell that can give rise to multiple lineages of cells. FMA:84789 multi-fate stem cell multifate stem cell multipotent cell multipotent stem cell cell multi fate stem cell A stem cell that can give rise to multiple lineages of cells. GOC:add A precursor cell with a limited number of potential fates. BTO:0000125 FMA:84782 blast cell cell define using PATO mulit-potent or oligopotent? non-terminally differentiated cell A precursor cell with a limited number of potential fates. SANBI:mhl A cell that has a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. VHOG:0001532 XAO:0000031 cell ciliated cell A cell that has a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. GOC:tfm A cell that is usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. The cell has a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and for cell polarity where apical part is directed towards the lumen and the basal part to the basal lamina. BTO:0000414 CALOHA:TS-2026 CARO:0000077 FBbt:00000124 FMA:66768 WBbt:0003672 epitheliocyte cell epithelial cell A cell that is usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. The cell has a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and for cell polarity where apical part is directed towards the lumen and the basal part to the basal lamina. FB:ma GOC:tfm MESH:A11.436 An epithelial cell that has a cilia. FMA:70605 cell ciliated epithelial cell An epithelial cell that has a cilia. GOC:tfm cell duct epithelial cell An endothelial cell that lines the vasculature. cuboidal endothelial cell of vascular tree cell blood vessel endothelial cell true An endothelial cell that lines the vasculature. GOC:tfm cell columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell CALOHA:TS-1249 cell squamous epithelial cell A cell which moves among different tissues of the body, via blood, lymph, or other medium. cell circulating cell A cell which moves among different tissues of the body, via blood, lymph, or other medium. GOC:add BTO:0004299 lung epithelial cell cell epithelial cell of lung An endothelial cell comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal. In mammals, endothelial cell has vimentin filaments and is derived from the mesoderm. BTO:0001176 CALOHA:TS-0278 FMA:66772 endotheliocyte cell From FMA: 9.07.2001: Endothelial cell has always been classified as a kind of epithelial cell, specifically a squamous cell but that is not true. First, endothelial cell can either be squamous or cuboidal (e.g. high-endothelial cell) and secondly, it has different embryological derivation (mesodermal) than a true epithelial cell (ectodermal and endodermal). The basis for present classification is the fact that it comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures (location-based) but a better structural basis for the differentia is the cytoskeleton of the cell. Endothelial cell has vimentin filaments while an epithelial cell has keratin filaments. [Onard]. endothelial cell An endothelial cell comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal. In mammals, endothelial cell has vimentin filaments and is derived from the mesoderm. GOC:tfm MESH:D042783 PMID:21275341 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endothelial_cell https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=440764&aid=3364936&group_id=36855 Ectoderm destined to be nervous tissue. neurectoderm cell cell neurectodermal cell Ectoderm destined to be nervous tissue. GOC:tfm ISBN:068340007X A cell that specializes in controlled release of one or more substances. BTO:0003659 FMA:86916 cell secretory cell A cell that specializes in controlled release of one or more substances. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 A cell of an exocrine gland; i.e. a gland that discharges its secretion via a duct. FMA:16014 cell exocrine cell A cell of an exocrine gland; i.e. a gland that discharges its secretion via a duct. ISBN:0198547684 cell protein secreting cell A cell whose function is determined by the generation or the reception of an electric signal. cell electrically active cell A cell whose function is determined by the generation or the reception of an electric signal. FB:ma A cell within an epithelial cell sheet whose main function is to act as an internal or external covering for a tissue or an organism. boundary cell cell lining cell A cell within an epithelial cell sheet whose main function is to act as an internal or external covering for a tissue or an organism. JB:jb A cell whose primary function is to prevent the transport of stuff across compartments. cell barrier cell A cell whose primary function is to prevent the transport of stuff across compartments. JB:jb A cell that moves by its own activities. cell motile cell A cell that moves by its own activities. FB:ma A cell of the outer of the three germ layers of the embryo. FMA:72549 ectoderm cell cell ectodermal cell A cell of the outer of the three germ layers of the embryo. MESH:A16.254.425.273 A cell of the middle germ layer of the embryo. FMA:72554 mesoblast mesoderm cell cell mesodermal cell A cell of the middle germ layer of the embryo. MESH:A16.254.425.660 A cell of the inner of the three germ layers of the embryo. FMA:72555 endoderm cell cell endodermal cell A cell of the inner of the three germ layers of the embryo. MESH:A16.254.425.407 A cell that lacks a nucleus. FMA:68647 non-nucleated cell cell anucleate cell A cell that lacks a nucleus. FB:ma A cell with a single nucleus. cell single nucleate cell A cell with a single nucleus. FB:ma GOC:tfm cell binucleate cell A cell with more than one nucleus. AEO:0000203 WBbt:0008074 syncitium syncytial cell syncytium cell multinucleate cell A cell with more than one nucleus. FB:ma Any cell capable of ingesting particulate matter via phagocytosis. BTO:0001044 FMA:83806 cell phagocyte Any cell capable of ingesting particulate matter via phagocytosis. GOC:add ISBN:0721601464 cell eukaryotic cell A mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes. CALOHA:TS-0395 FBbt:00005412 FMA:18649 haploid nucleated cell cell haploid germ cell gamete true A mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 FBbt:00004193 lens cell cell crystallin accumulating cell A cell that is specialised to accumulate a particular substance(s). cell stuff accumulating cell A cell that is specialised to accumulate a particular substance(s). FB:ma cell extraembryonic cell An epithelial cell of the integument (the outer layer of an organism). CL:1000396 BTO:0001470 CALOHA:TS-0283 FMA:62411 cell of epidermis epithelial cell of skin cell epidermal cell An epithelial cell of the integument (the outer layer of an organism). Flybase:dsj MA:ma cell of epidermis FMA:62411 epithelial cell of skin FMA:62411 Diploid cell produced by the fusion of sperm cell nucleus and egg cell. zygote BTO:0000854 EHDAA2:0004546 FMA:72395 cell animal zygote Diploid cell produced by the fusion of sperm cell nucleus and egg cell. ISBN:0471245208 A cell whose function is determined by its response to an electric signal. cell electrically responsive cell A cell whose function is determined by its response to an electric signal. FB:ma A cell that initiates an electrical signal and passes that signal to another cell. cell electrically signaling cell A cell that initiates an electrical signal and passes that signal to another cell. FB:ma BTO:0001277 CALOHA:TS-0949 cell male gamete true true An epithelial cell of the hypodermis of flatworms. WBbt:0007846 cell flatworm hypodermal cell An epithelial cell of the hypodermis of flatworms. GOC:tfm http://www.wormatlas.org/hermaphrodite/hypodermis/mainframe.htm A cell whose nucleus contains a single haploid genome. cell haploid cell A cell whose nucleus contains a single haploid genome. FB:ma GOC:tfm A cell whose primary function is to protect the organism. cell defensive cell A cell whose primary function is to protect the organism. JB:jb The basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. BTO:0000938 CALOHA:TS-0683 FBbt:00005106 FMA:54527 VHOG:0001483 WBbt:0003679 nerve cell cell These cells are also reportedly CD4-negative and CD200-positive. They are also capable of producing CD40L and IFN-gamma. neuron neuron The basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. MESH:A08.663 MESH:D009474 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron cell animal cell An epithelial cell of the cornea. CL:1000431 BTO:0004298 CALOHA:TS-0173 FMA:70551 epithelial cell of cornea cell corneal epithelial cell true An epithelial cell of the cornea. GOC:tfm epithelial cell of cornea FMA:70551 The reproductive cell in multicellular organisms. BTO:0000535 VHOG:0001534 WBbt:0006796 cell germ cell true The reproductive cell in multicellular organisms. MESH:A05.360.490 cell sheath cell A cell whose primary function is to support other cell types. BTO:0002315 cell supportive cell A cell whose primary function is to support other cell types. FB:ma GOC:tfm A primordial germ cell is a diploid germ cell precursors that transiently exist in the embryo before they enter into close association with the somatic cells of the gonad and become irreversibly committed as germ cells. FMA:70567 gonocyte primitive germ cell cell primordial germ cell true true A primordial germ cell is a diploid germ cell precursors that transiently exist in the embryo before they enter into close association with the somatic cells of the gonad and become irreversibly committed as germ cells. GOC:tfm PMID:1381289 A mature sexual reproductive cell of the female germline. cell female gamete true A mature sexual reproductive cell of the female germline. GOC:tfm Epithelial cells derived from neural plate and neural crest. neuroepithelial cell BTO:0004301 FMA:70557 cell The term "neuroepithelial cell" is used to describe both this cell type and sensory epithelial cell (CL:0000098). neurecto-epithelial cell Epithelial cells derived from neural plate and neural crest. GOC:tfm A cell found in an organism or derived from an organism exhibiting a phenotype that deviates from the expected phenotype of any native cell type of that organism. Abnormal cells are typically found in disease states or disease models. 2017-01-30T18:53:32Z https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&code=C12913 cell https://github.com/obophenotype/cell-ontology/issues/448 abnormal cell A cell found in an organism or derived from an organism exhibiting a phenotype that deviates from the expected phenotype of any native cell type of that organism. Abnormal cells are typically found in disease states or disease models. GOC:add GOC:cg GOC:wdd An epithelial cell derived from endoderm. tmeehan 2010-06-29T03:38:14Z FMA:69075 cell endo-epithelial cell An epithelial cell derived from endoderm. FMA:69075 GOC:tfm An epithelial cell derived from ectoderm. tmeehan 2010-06-29T03:38:22Z FMA:69074 cell ecto-epithelial cell An epithelial cell derived from ectoderm. FMA:69074 GOC:tfm Epithelial cell derived from mesoderm or mesenchyme. tmeehan 2010-06-29T03:49:14Z FMA:69076 epithelial mesenchymal cell cell meso-epithelial cell Epithelial cell derived from mesoderm or mesenchyme. FMA:69076 GOC:tfm An endothelial cell of the vascular tree, which includes blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. tmeehan 2010-08-24T02:06:40Z BTO:0001854 CALOHA:TS-1106 FMA:67755 vascular endothelial cell cubodial endothelial cell of vascular tree cell These cells are reportedly CD31-positive, CD34-positive, CD144-positive, TAL1-positive. endothelial cell of vascular tree An endothelial cell of the vascular tree, which includes blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. GOC:dsd GOC:tfm PMID:12768659 An endothelial cell found in capillaries. tmeehan 2010-08-24T10:15:00Z BTO:0004956 CALOHA:TS-0112 FMA:67756 cell capillary endothelial cell true An endothelial cell found in capillaries. GOC:tfm Epithelial cells derived from general body ectoderm and ectoderm placodes. tmeehan 2010-08-26T08:31:08Z FMA:70556 cell general ecto-epithelial cell Epithelial cells derived from general body ectoderm and ectoderm placodes. GOC:tfm A cell comprising the transparent, biconvex body separating the posterior chamber and vitreous body, and constituting part of the refracting mechanism of the mammalian eye. tmeehan 2010-09-07T10:38:03Z FMA:70950 cell vertebrate lens cell A cell comprising the transparent, biconvex body separating the posterior chamber and vitreous body, and constituting part of the refracting mechanism of the mammalian eye. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 A cell of the cuboidal epithelium that covers the lens. The cells of the lens epithelium regulate most of the homeostatic functions of the lens. As ions, nutrients, and liquid enter the lens from the aqueous humor, Na+/K+ ATPase pumps in the lens epithelial cells pump ions out of the lens to maintain appropriate lens osmolarity and volume, with equatorially positioned lens epithelium cells contributing most to this current. The activity of the Na+/K+ ATPases keeps water and current flowing through the lens from the poles and exiting through the equatorial regions. The cells of the lens epithelium also serve as the progenitors for new lens fibers. It constantly lays down fibers in the embryo, fetus, infant, and adult, and continues to lay down fibers for lifelong growth. tmeehan 2010-09-07T10:45:47Z FMA:67559 cell lens epithelial cell true A cell of the cuboidal epithelium that covers the lens. The cells of the lens epithelium regulate most of the homeostatic functions of the lens. As ions, nutrients, and liquid enter the lens from the aqueous humor, Na+/K+ ATPase pumps in the lens epithelial cells pump ions out of the lens to maintain appropriate lens osmolarity and volume, with equatorially positioned lens epithelium cells contributing most to this current. The activity of the Na+/K+ ATPases keeps water and current flowing through the lens from the poles and exiting through the equatorial regions. The cells of the lens epithelium also serve as the progenitors for new lens fibers. It constantly lays down fibers in the embryo, fetus, infant, and adult, and continues to lay down fibers for lifelong growth. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_%28anatomy%29#Lens_epithelium A cell containing at least one nucleus. tmeehan 2010-09-07T03:32:33Z FMA:67513 cell nucleate cell A cell containing at least one nucleus. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of the musculomembranous digestive tube extending from the mouth to the anus. tmeehan 2010-09-08T09:26:53Z cell epithelial cell of alimentary canal An epithelial cell of the musculomembranous digestive tube extending from the mouth to the anus. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 An epithelial cell of a skin gland. tmeehan 2010-09-14T12:00:07Z FMA:70657 epithelial cell of gland of skin cell epithelial cell of skin gland An epithelial cell of a skin gland. GOC:tfm A cell that is part of the nervous system. tmeehan 2010-09-15T01:34:57Z CALOHA:TS-2040 FMA:70333 cell neural cell A cell that is part of the nervous system. GOC:tfm ISBN:0618947256 A cell of the supporting or framework tissue of the body, arising chiefly from the embryonic mesoderm and including adipose tissue, cartilage, and bone. tmeehan 2010-09-15T03:01:54Z CL:1000406 CALOHA:TS-2096 FMA:63875 cell connective tissue cell true A cell of the supporting or framework tissue of the body, arising chiefly from the embryonic mesoderm and including adipose tissue, cartilage, and bone. GOC:tfm ISBN:0618947256 A cell of the embryo. tmeehan 2010-09-15T03:39:21Z CALOHA:TS-0263 FMA:82840 FMA:82841 WBbt:0007028 cell embryonic cell A cell of the embryo. FMA:0618947256 An endothelial cell that lines the intracavitary lumen of the heart, separating the circulating blood from the underlying myocardium. This cell type releases a number of vasoactive substances including prostacyclin, nitrous oxide and endothelin. tmeehan 2010-09-21T04:33:05Z CL:1000475 FMA:75621 endocardial endothelial cell endothelial cell of endocardium cell endocardial cell An endothelial cell that lines the intracavitary lumen of the heart, separating the circulating blood from the underlying myocardium. This cell type releases a number of vasoactive substances including prostacyclin, nitrous oxide and endothelin. GOC:tfm ISSN:0452-3458 endothelial cell of endocardium FMA:75621 An endo-epithelial cell of the respiratory tract. tmeehan 2010-09-23T04:38:49Z BTO:0004533 airway epithelial cell cell respiratory epithelial cell true An endo-epithelial cell of the respiratory tract. GOC:tfm A cell of an organism that does not pass on its genetic material to the organism's offspring (i.e. a non-germ line cell). tmeehan 2010-09-24T09:44:42Z BTO:0001268 FMA:72300 WBbt:0008378 cell somatic cell A cell of an organism that does not pass on its genetic material to the organism's offspring (i.e. a non-germ line cell). GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 A cell located in the heart, including both muscle and non muscle cells. tmeehan 2010-12-07T09:37:22Z BTO:0001539 CALOHA:TS-0115 FMA:83808 FMA:84791 heart cell cell From Onard of the FMA: Cardiac muscle cell or cardiac myocyte is a striated muscle cell. Cardiocyte on the other hand is any cell in the heart which includes cells other than muscle cells (e.g. endothelial cell of endocardium). Unless there is a consensus among anatomists that cardiocytes refer only to muscle cells, we will treat them as a general class of cells in the heart. cardiocyte true A cell located in the heart, including both muscle and non muscle cells. GOC:tfm A cell of the adventitial layer of ductal structures such as the uterer, defent duct, biliary duct, etc tmeehan 2010-12-07T04:03:56Z BTO:0002441 FMA:84639 cell adventitial cell A cell of the adventitial layer of ductal structures such as the uterer, defent duct, biliary duct, etc GOC:tfm An endothelial cell that is part of the vein. tmeehan 2011-02-28T03:48:11Z CL:1000393 FMA:62104 KUPO:0001099 endothelial cell of vein venous endothelial cell cell vein endothelial cell true An endothelial cell that is part of the vein. GOC:tfm An endothelial progenitor cell that participates in angiogenesis during development. tmeehan 2011-02-28T04:20:39Z cell See CL:0002619. embryonic blood vessel endothelial progenitor cell An endothelial progenitor cell that participates in angiogenesis during development. GOC:tfm A blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of the retina. tmeehan 2011-03-06T03:28:27Z cell retinal blood vessel endothelial cell true A blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of the retina. GOC:tfm tmeehan 2011-06-21T12:29:31Z cell epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract true Any cell in the retina, the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates. PMID:10702418 cell retinal cell Any cell in the retina, the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates. GOC:pr cardiac blood vessel endothelial cell cardiac endothelial cell cardiac neuron A cell in the area of mesoderm in the neurulating embryo that flanks and forms simultaneously with the neural tube. The cells of this region give rise to somites. paraxial mesoderm cell somitic mesoderm cell presomitic mesoderm cell paraxial cell A cell in the area of mesoderm in the neurulating embryo that flanks and forms simultaneously with the neural tube. The cells of this region give rise to somites. GOC:NV PMID:11687492 A cell that, by division or terminal differentiation, can give rise to other cell types. Work is needed on GO 'cell differentiation' before it is clear whether the equivalent class definition 'native cell' that capable_of some 'cell differentiation' works. Also, may want to consider merging this with non-terminally differentiated cell. precursor cell A cell that, by division or terminal differentiation, can give rise to other cell types. GOC:dos lung ciliated cell lung secretory cell An endothelial cell that is part of the arteriole. FMA:67760 KUPO:0001097 cell endothelial cell of arteriole true An endothelial cell that is part of the arteriole. GOC:tfm A blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of an arterial endothelium. CL:0002542 BTO:0004758 FMA:67761 KUPO:0001095 arterial endothelial cell cell endothelial cell of artery A blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of an arterial endothelium. GOC:tfm An endothelial cell that is part of the venule. FMA:67762 cell endothelial cell of venule true An endothelial cell that is part of the venule. GOC:tfm cl endothelial cell of lung pulmonary vessel endothelial cell lung endothelial cell BTO:0001141 cl PAEC cell pulmonary artery endothelial cell PAEC cell BTO:0001141 Squamous cell of oral epithelium. CALOHA:TS-1252 oral cavity mucosa squamous cell oral cavity mucosa squamous epithelial cell oral mucosa squamous epithelial cell oral mucosa squamous epithelial cells oral mucosa squamous cell Squamous cell of oral epithelium. NPX:PDR oral cavity mucosa squamous cell CALOHA:TS-1252 oral cavity mucosa squamous epithelial cell CALOHA:TS-1252 oral mucosa squamous epithelial cell CALOHA:TS-1252 oral mucosa squamous epithelial cells CALOHA:TS-1252 Any blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of a dermis. TermGenie 2014-06-04T15:12:06Z cell CL:2000010 dermis blood vessel endothelial cell Any blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of a dermis. GOC:TermGenie Any native cell that is part of a cardiac septum. TermGenie 2014-06-24T23:17:07Z cell CL:2000022 cardiac septum native cell Any native cell that is part of a cardiac septum. GOC:TermGenie Any neuron that is part of a central nervous system. TermGenie 2014-06-25T01:17:43Z cell CL:2000029 central nervous system neuron Any neuron that is part of a central nervous system. GOC:TermGenie Any neuron that is part of a peripheral nervous system. TermGenie 2014-06-25T02:28:17Z cell CL:2000032 peripheral nervous system neuron Any neuron that is part of a peripheral nervous system. GOC:TermGenie A nucleus size quality which is relatively high compared to the amount of cytoplasm present in the same cell. tmeehan 2009-12-23T10:53:24Z cell increased nucleus size A nucleus size quality which is relatively high compared to the amount of cytoplasm present in the same cell. GOC:tfm The maintenance of the structure and integrity of the mitochondrial genome; includes replication and segregation of the mitochondrial chromosome. biological_process GO:0000002 mitochondrial genome maintenance The maintenance of the structure and integrity of the mitochondrial genome; includes replication and segregation of the mitochondrial chromosome. GOC:ai GOC:vw The production of new individuals that contain some portion of genetic material inherited from one or more parent organisms. GO:0019952 GO:0050876 Wikipedia:Reproduction reproductive physiological process biological_process GO:0000003 reproduction The production of new individuals that contain some portion of genetic material inherited from one or more parent organisms. GOC:go_curators GOC:isa_complete GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination, a DNA metabolic process in which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents. biological_process GO:0000018 regulation of DNA recombination Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination, a DNA metabolic process in which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle. Mitotic spindle elongation begins during mitotic prophase and ends during mitotic anaphase B. spindle elongation during mitosis biological_process GO:0000022 mitotic spindle elongation The cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle. Mitotic spindle elongation begins during mitotic prophase and ends during mitotic anaphase B. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle GOC:vw The cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the mitotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner. One homolog of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets. GO:0016359 mitotic chromosome segregation mitotic sister-chromatid adhesion release biological_process GO:0000070 mitotic sister chromatid segregation The cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the mitotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner. One homolog of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets. GOC:ai GOC:jl A cell cycle process that controls cell cycle progression by monitoring the integrity of specific cell cycle events. A cell cycle checkpoint begins with detection of deficiencies or defects and ends with signal transduction. GO:0031576 GO:0071779 MIPS_funcat:10.03.01.03 Wikipedia:Cell_cycle_checkpoint G1/S checkpoint G1/S transition checkpoint G2/M checkpoint G2/M transition checkpoint biological_process GO:0000075 This term should not be used in direct manual annotation as it should always be possible to minimally designate mitotic or meiotic checkpoint, and usually to additionally specify the checkpoint (i.e mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint, mitotic DNA damage checkpoint etc). Note also that the effector processes are not part of the checkpoint but are positively regulated by the checkpoint signaling and should not be annotated here. cell cycle checkpoint A cell cycle process that controls cell cycle progression by monitoring the integrity of specific cell cycle events. A cell cycle checkpoint begins with detection of deficiencies or defects and ends with signal transduction. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle A cell cycle checkpoint that regulates progression through the cell cycle in response to DNA damage. A DNA damage checkpoint may blocks cell cycle progression (in G1, G2 or metaphase) or slow the rate at which S phase proceeds. Wikipedia:DNA_damage_checkpoint Wikipedia:Postreplication_checkpoint DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in cell cycle arrest biological_process GO:0000077 DNA damage checkpoint A cell cycle checkpoint that regulates progression through the cell cycle in response to DNA damage. A DNA damage checkpoint may blocks cell cycle progression (in G1, G2 or metaphase) or slow the rate at which S phase proceeds. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The mitotic cell cycle transition by which a cell in G1 commits to S phase. The process begins with the build up of G1 cyclin-dependent kinase (G1 CDK), resulting in the activation of transcription of G1 cyclins. The process ends with the positive feedback of the G1 cyclins on the G1 CDK which commits the cell to S phase, in which DNA replication is initiated. MIPS_funcat:10.03.01.01.03 biological_process GO:0000082 G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle The mitotic cell cycle transition by which a cell in G1 commits to S phase. The process begins with the build up of G1 cyclin-dependent kinase (G1 CDK), resulting in the activation of transcription of G1 cyclins. The process ends with the positive feedback of the G1 cyclins on the G1 CDK which commits the cell to S phase, in which DNA replication is initiated. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle Any process that regulates transcription such that the target genes are involved in the transition between G1 and S phase of the mitotic cell cycle. biological_process GO:0000083 regulation of transcription involved in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle Any process that regulates transcription such that the target genes are involved in the transition between G1 and S phase of the mitotic cell cycle. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The mitotic cell cycle transition by which a cell in G2 commits to M phase. The process begins when the kinase activity of M cyclin/CDK complex reaches a threshold high enough for the cell cycle to proceed. This is accomplished by activating a positive feedback loop that results in the accumulation of unphosphorylated and active M cyclin/CDK complex. MIPS_funcat:10.03.01.01.09 mitotic G2/M transition biological_process GO:0000086 G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle The mitotic cell cycle transition by which a cell in G2 commits to M phase. The process begins when the kinase activity of M cyclin/CDK complex reaches a threshold high enough for the cell cycle to proceed. This is accomplished by activating a positive feedback loop that results in the accumulation of unphosphorylated and active M cyclin/CDK complex. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle A cell cycle phase during which nuclear division occurs, and which is comprises the phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase and occurs as part of a mitotic cell cycle. M phase of mitotic cell cycle M-phase of mitotic cell cycle biological_process GO:0000087 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). mitotic M phase A cell cycle phase during which nuclear division occurs, and which is comprises the phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase and occurs as part of a mitotic cell cycle. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle Any process that regulates transcription such that the target genes are transcribed as part of the G2/M transition of the mitotic cell cycle. biological_process G2/M-specific transcription in mitotic cell cycle regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter during G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle GO:0000117 regulation of transcription involved in G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle Any process that regulates transcription such that the target genes are transcribed as part of the G2/M transition of the mitotic cell cycle. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II. GO:0010553 GO:0045816 down regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter down-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter downregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter inhibition of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter negative regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter biological_process down regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter down-regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter downregulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter inhibition of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter negative regulation of gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter negative regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, global GO:0000122 negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II. GOC:go_curators GOC:txnOH A cell cycle process that sets the alignment of mitotic spindle relative to other cellular structures. GO:0030607 GO:0030609 establishment of spindle orientation involved in mitotic cell cycle mitotic spindle orientation orienting of mitotic spindle biological_process establishment of spindle orientation during mitosis GO:0000132 establishment of mitotic spindle orientation A cell cycle process that sets the alignment of mitotic spindle relative to other cellular structures. GOC:ems establishment of spindle orientation involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:dph GOC:tb establishment of spindle orientation during mitosis GOC:dph GOC:tb The nonsense-mediated decay pathway for nuclear-transcribed mRNAs degrades mRNAs in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; this prevents the translation of such mRNAs into truncated, and potentially harmful, proteins. Wikipedia:Nonsense-mediated_decay Wikipedia:Nonsense-mediated_mRNA_decay mRNA breakdown, nonsense-mediated decay mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated mRNA catabolism, nonsense-mediated mRNA degradation, nonsense-mediated decay nonsense-mediated mRNA decay nuclear mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay biological_process GO:0000184 nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay The nonsense-mediated decay pathway for nuclear-transcribed mRNAs degrades mRNAs in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; this prevents the translation of such mRNAs into truncated, and potentially harmful, proteins. GOC:krc GOC:ma PMID:10025395 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle during a meiotic cell cycle. GO:0043147 meiotic spindle organisation spindle organization during meiosis biological_process meiotic spindle organization and biogenesis meiotic spindle stabilization GO:0000212 meiotic spindle organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle during a meiotic cell cycle. GOC:go_curators GOC:mah spindle organization during meiosis GOC:mah meiotic spindle organization and biogenesis GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins. MIPS_funcat:42.04.05 microtubule cytoskeleton organisation microtubule dynamics biological_process microtubule cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis GO:0000226 microtubule cytoskeleton organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins. GOC:mah microtubule cytoskeleton organisation GOC:mah microtubule dynamics GOC:dph GOC:tb microtubule cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis GOC:mah A chromosome that encodes the nuclear genome and is found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell during the cell cycle phases when the nucleus is intact. nuclear interphase chromosome cellular_component GO:0000228 nuclear chromosome A chromosome that encodes the nuclear genome and is found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell during the cell cycle phases when the nucleus is intact. GOC:dph GOC:mah A chromosome found in the cytoplasm. cytoplasmic interphase chromosome cellular_component GO:0000229 cytoplasmic chromosome A chromosome found in the cytoplasm. GOC:mah Any of the spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles and are thought to contribute to the forces that separate the poles and position them in relation to the rest of the cell. cellular_component GO:0000235 astral microtubule Any of the spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles and are thought to contribute to the forces that separate the poles and position them in relation to the rest of the cell. ISBN:0815316194 A chromosome found in the mitochondrion of a eukaryotic cell. NIF_Subcellular:sao1186327184 mitochondrial DNA mtDNA cellular_component mitochondrial genome GO:0000262 mitochondrial chromosome A chromosome found in the mitochondrion of a eukaryotic cell. GOC:mah Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. In some variant cell cycles nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division, or G1 and G2 phases may be absent. GO:0007067 MIPS_funcat:10.03.01 MIPS_funcat:10.03.01.01 Wikipedia:Mitosis biological_process mitosis GO:0000278 mitotic cell cycle Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. In some variant cell cycles nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division, or G1 and G2 phases may be absent. GOC:mah ISBN:0815316194 Reactome:69278 A cell cycle phase during which nuclear division occurs, and which is comprises the phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Wikipedia:M_phase M-phase biological_process GO:0000279 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). M phase A cell cycle phase during which nuclear division occurs, and which is comprises the phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The division of a cell nucleus into two nuclei, with DNA and other nuclear contents distributed between the daughter nuclei. MIPS_funcat:10.03.04 MIPS_funcat:10.03.04.07 biological_process karyokinesis GO:0000280 nuclear division The division of a cell nucleus into two nuclei, with DNA and other nuclear contents distributed between the daughter nuclei. GOC:mah A cell cycle process that results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after mitosis, resulting in the separation of the original cell into two daughter cells. cytokinesis after mitosis biological_process GO:0000281 mitotic cytokinesis A cell cycle process that results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after mitosis, resulting in the separation of the original cell into two daughter cells. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reactive oxygen species stimulus. Reactive oxygen species include singlet oxygen, superoxide, and oxygen free radicals. response to AOS response to ROI response to ROS response to active oxygen species response to reactive oxidative species response to reactive oxygen intermediate biological_process GO:0000302 response to reactive oxygen species Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reactive oxygen species stimulus. Reactive oxygen species include singlet oxygen, superoxide, and oxygen free radicals. GOC:krc A vacuole that is maintained at an acidic pH and which contains degradative enzymes, including a wide variety of acid hydrolases. cellular_component GO:0000323 lytic vacuole A vacuole that is maintained at an acidic pH and which contains degradative enzymes, including a wide variety of acid hydrolases. GOC:krc The splicing of Group III introns. This occurs by a ribozymic mechanism where the intron sequence forms a distinct 3D structure, characteristic of Group III introns, that is involved in catalyzing the splicing reactions, though protein factors are also required in vivo. Splicing occurs by a series of two transesterification reactions begun by a bulged adenosine residue within the intron sequence as the initiating nucleophile. The intron is excised as a lariat. Though very similar in structure and mechanism to Group II introns, Group III introns are smaller and more streamlined and the splice site consensus sequences are not as well conserved. biological_process mRNA splicing GO:0000374 Note that Group III introns are known to be found in mRNA of plastids of euglenoid protists. Group III intron splicing The splicing of Group III introns. This occurs by a ribozymic mechanism where the intron sequence forms a distinct 3D structure, characteristic of Group III introns, that is involved in catalyzing the splicing reactions, though protein factors are also required in vivo. Splicing occurs by a series of two transesterification reactions begun by a bulged adenosine residue within the intron sequence as the initiating nucleophile. The intron is excised as a lariat. Though very similar in structure and mechanism to Group II introns, Group III introns are smaller and more streamlined and the splice site consensus sequences are not as well conserved. GOC:krc PMID:11377794 Splicing of RNA via a series of two transesterification reactions. GO:0000385 GO:0031202 biological_process RNA splicing factor activity, transesterification mechanism pre-mRNA splicing factor activity spliceosomal catalysis GO:0000375 Note that nuclear mRNA, Group I, Group II, and Group III introns are all spliced by a series of two transesterification reactions that occur within the RNA itself, or between two RNAs in trans splicing. Some of these require one or more proteins to stabilize the catalytic conformation, while others are autocatalytic. Note that tRNA introns are spliced by a different catalytic mechanism. RNA splicing, via transesterification reactions Splicing of RNA via a series of two transesterification reactions. GOC:krc RNA splicing factor activity, transesterification mechanism GOC:krc GOC:mah pre-mRNA splicing factor activity GOC:krc GOC:mah Splicing of RNA via a series of two transesterification reactions with a bulged adenosine residue from the intron branch point as the initiating nucleophile. When the initial RNA for the splicing reaction is a single molecule (cis splicing), the excised intron is released in a lariat structure. biological_process lariat RNA biosynthesis lariat RNA formation GO:0000377 RNA splicing, via transesterification reactions with bulged adenosine as nucleophile Splicing of RNA via a series of two transesterification reactions with a bulged adenosine residue from the intron branch point as the initiating nucleophile. When the initial RNA for the splicing reaction is a single molecule (cis splicing), the excised intron is released in a lariat structure. GOC:krc PMID:11377794 The joining together of exons from one or more primary transcripts of messenger RNA (mRNA) and the excision of intron sequences, via a spliceosomal mechanism, so that mRNA consisting only of the joined exons is produced. GO:0006374 GO:0006375 mRNA splicing pre-mRNA splicing MIPS_funcat:11.04.03 nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome nuclear mRNA splicing via U12-type spliceosome nuclear mRNA splicing via U2-type spliceosome biological_process splicing AT-AC intron splicing GT-AG intron GO:0000398 Note that although the many U12-type introns have the sequence AT-AC at the intron termini, some introns with these terminal sequences are spliced by the U2-type spliceosome. The distinguishing characteristics are sequences near the 5' splice site and the branch point sequences of the intron. Note that although the majority of U2-type introns have the sequence GU-AG at the intron termini, some introns with these terminal sequences are spliced by the U12-type spliceosome. The distinguishing characteristics are sequences near the 5' splice site and the branch point sequences of the intron. mRNA splicing, via spliceosome The joining together of exons from one or more primary transcripts of messenger RNA (mRNA) and the excision of intron sequences, via a spliceosomal mechanism, so that mRNA consisting only of the joined exons is produced. GOC:krc ISBN:0198506732 ISBN:0879695897 nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome GOC:krc GOC:vw The autophagic process in which mitochondria are delivered to a type of vacuole and degraded in response to changing cellular conditions. Wikipedia:Autophagy_(cellular)#Selective_autophagy Wikipedia:Mitophagy mitochondrion autophagy biological_process mitophagy GO:0000422 autophagy of mitochondrion The autophagic process in which mitochondria are delivered to a type of vacuole and degraded in response to changing cellular conditions. GOC:autophagy PMID:15798367 PMID:19289147 PMID:23065344 mitochondrion autophagy GOC:autophagy The selective autophagy process in which a mitochondrion is degraded by macroautophagy. macromitophagy biological_process GO:0000423 Note that this terms refers to the macroautophagy process and is named by common usage. Be aware that there are a separate micromitophagy and mitophagy by induced vacuole formation processes. mitophagy The selective autophagy process in which a mitochondrion is degraded by macroautophagy. PMID:15798367 Any process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length and structure by affecting and monitoring the activity of telomeric proteins, the length of telomeric DNA and the replication and repair of the DNA. These processes includes those that shorten, lengthen, replicate and repair the telomeric DNA sequences. biological_process regulation of telomere length GO:0000723 telomere maintenance Any process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length and structure by affecting and monitoring the activity of telomeric proteins, the length of telomeric DNA and the replication and repair of the DNA. These processes includes those that shorten, lengthen, replicate and repair the telomeric DNA sequences. GOC:BHF GOC:BHF_telomere GOC:elh GOC:rl PMID:11092831 regulation of telomere length GOC:dph GOC:tb The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells. cell fusion biological_process GO:0000768 syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells. GOC:mtg_muscle GOC:tb The terminal region of a linear chromosome that includes the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins. SO:0000624 cellular_component telomere GO:0000781 Note that this term can be used in place of the obsolete cellular component term 'telomere ; GO:0005696'. Use with caution because this term refers to a specific region of the chromosome and not a protein complex. chromosome, telomeric region The terminal region of a linear chromosome that includes the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins. GOC:elh The terminal region of a linear nuclear chromosome that includes the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins. nuclear chromosome, telomere cellular_component GO:0000784 Note that this term can be used in place of the obsolete cellular component term 'telomere ; GO:0005696'. Use with caution because this term refers to a specific region of the chromosome and not a protein complex. nuclear chromosome, telomeric region The terminal region of a linear nuclear chromosome that includes the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins. GOC:elh A highly compacted molecule of DNA and associated proteins resulting in a cytologically distinct structure. cellular_component cytoplasmic mitotic chromosome metaphase chromosome mitotic chromosome GO:0000793 Note that this term can be used to annotate gene products that localize to a mitotic chromosome in an organism that undergoes an 'open mitosis' in which the nuclear envelope breaks down during mitosis. condensed chromosome A highly compacted molecule of DNA and associated proteins resulting in a cytologically distinct structure. GOC:elh A highly compacted molecule of DNA and associated proteins resulting in a cytologically distinct nuclear chromosome. cellular_component meiotic chromosome nuclear mitotic chromosome GO:0000794 Note that this term and its children can be used to annotate gene products that localize to a mitotic chromosome in an organism that undergoes a 'closed mitosis' in which the nuclear envelope does not break down during mitosis and for gene products that localize to a meiotic chromosome. condensed nuclear chromosome A highly compacted molecule of DNA and associated proteins resulting in a cytologically distinct nuclear chromosome. GOC:elh The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. biological_process GO:0000819 sister chromatid segregation The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. GOC:ai GOC:elh The developmental process in which the size or shape of a cell is generated and organized. GO:0007148 GO:0045790 GO:0045791 MIPS_funcat:40.01 cellular morphogenesis biological_process GO:0000902 cell morphogenesis The developmental process in which the size or shape of a cell is generated and organized. GOC:clt GOC:dph GOC:go_curators GOC:tb The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. biological_process GO:0000904 cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. GOC:go_curators The division of the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane of a cell and its partitioning into two daughter cells. GO:0007104 GO:0016288 GO:0033205 MIPS_funcat:10.03.03 Wikipedia:Cytokinesis cell cycle cytokinesis cytokinesis involved in cell cycle biological_process GO:0000910 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. When annotating eukaryotic species, mitotic or meiotic cytokinesis should always be specified for manual annotation and for prokaryotic species use 'FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis ; GO:0043093' or Cdv-dependent cytokinesis ; GO:0061639. Also, note that cytokinesis does not necessarily result in physical separation and detachment of the two daughter cells from each other. cytokinesis The division of the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane of a cell and its partitioning into two daughter cells. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle cytokinesis involved in cell cycle GOC:dph GOC:tb A focus in the cytoplasm where mRNAs may become inactivated by decapping or some other mechanism. Protein and RNA localized to these foci are involved in mRNA degradation, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), translational repression, and RNA-mediated gene silencing. Wikipedia:P_body P body cytoplasmic mRNA processing body cellular_component cytoplasmic foci GO:0000932 P-body A focus in the cytoplasm where mRNAs may become inactivated by decapping or some other mechanism. Protein and RNA localized to these foci are involved in mRNA degradation, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), translational repression, and RNA-mediated gene silencing. GOC:clt PMID:12730603 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nuclear-transcribed mRNAs in eukaryotic cells. nuclear mRNA breakdown nuclear mRNA catabolism nuclear mRNA degradation biological_process GO:0000956 nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nuclear-transcribed mRNAs in eukaryotic cells. GOC:krc The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome and occurring in the mitochondrion. biological_process GO:0000957 mitochondrial RNA catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome and occurring in the mitochondrion. GOC:krc GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mRNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome and occurring in the mitochondrion. biological_process GO:0000958 mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mRNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome and occurring in the mitochondrion. GOC:krc GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome and occurring in the mitochondrion. biological_process GO:0000959 mitochondrial RNA metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome and occurring in the mitochondrion. GOC:krc GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catabolism in the mitochondrion of RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome. biological_process GO:0000960 regulation of mitochondrial RNA catabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catabolism in the mitochondrion of RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome. GOC:krc GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catabolism in the mitochondrion of RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome. biological_process GO:0000961 negative regulation of mitochondrial RNA catabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catabolism in the mitochondrion of RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome. GOC:krc GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catabolism in the mitochondrion of RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome. biological_process GO:0000962 positive regulation of mitochondrial RNA catabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catabolism in the mitochondrion of RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome. GOC:krc GOC:mah The conversion of a primary RNA molecule transcribed from a mitochondrial genome into one or more mature RNA molecules; occurs in the mitochondrion. biological_process GO:0000963 mitochondrial RNA processing The conversion of a primary RNA molecule transcribed from a mitochondrial genome into one or more mature RNA molecules; occurs in the mitochondrion. GOC:krc GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by the chemical structure of the anion portion of a dissociated acid (rather than the acid acting as a proton donor). The acid chemical may be in gaseous, liquid or solid form. response to acid biological_process response to acid anion response to oxoanion GO:0001101 This term should be used to describe a response to a specific acid as a chemical. E.g., if an organism were responding to glutamate, then the response would be glutamate-specific; the organism is actually responding to the chemical structure of the anion portion of the dissociated acid. Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. If annotating experiments where an acid is playing a role as a proton donor, please annotate to GO:0010447 'response to acidic pH' instead. response to acid chemical Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by the chemical structure of the anion portion of a dissociated acid (rather than the acid acting as a proton donor). The acid chemical may be in gaseous, liquid or solid form. GOC:go_curators GOC:rn http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid Any process that modulates levels of neurotransmitter. biological_process GO:0001505 regulation of neurotransmitter levels Any process that modulates levels of neurotransmitter. GOC:jl A process in which membrane potential cycles through a depolarizing spike, triggered in response to depolarization above some threshold, followed by repolarization. This cycle is driven by the flow of ions through various voltage gated channels with different thresholds and ion specificities. MIPS_funcat:34.03.03 biological_process GO:0001508 Action potentials typically propagate across excitable membranes. This class covers both action potentials that propagate and those that fail to do so. action potential A process in which membrane potential cycles through a depolarizing spike, triggered in response to depolarization above some threshold, followed by repolarization. This cycle is driven by the flow of ions through various voltage gated channels with different thresholds and ion specificities. GOC:dph GOC:go_curators GOC:tb ISBN:978-0-07-139011-8 A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an oocyte to attain its fully functional state. Oocyte maturation commences after reinitiation of meiosis commonly starting with germinal vesicle breakdown, and continues up to the second meiotic arrest prior to fertilization. Wikipedia:Oocyte_maturation biological_process GO:0001556 oocyte maturation A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an oocyte to attain its fully functional state. Oocyte maturation commences after reinitiation of meiosis commonly starting with germinal vesicle breakdown, and continues up to the second meiotic arrest prior to fertilization. GOC:devbiol http://ovary.stanford.edu Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth. biological_process GO:0001558 regulation of cell growth Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth. GOC:go_curators Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level. response to hypoxic stress response to lowered oxygen tension response to intermittent hypoxia response to sustained hypoxia biological_process GO:0001666 Note that this term should not be confused with 'response to anoxia ; GO:0034059'. Note that in laboratory studies, hypoxia is typically studied at O2 concentrations ranging from 0.1 - 5%. response to hypoxia Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level. GOC:hjd Cell migration that is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium. ameboid cell migration amoeboid cell migration amoeboidal cell migration biological_process GO:0001667 Note that this term refers to a mode of migration rather than to any particular cell type. ameboidal-type cell migration Cell migration that is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium. GOC:dph The formation of the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm during gastrulation. biological_process GO:0001704 formation of primary germ layer The formation of the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm during gastrulation. GOC:go_curators The formation of ectoderm during gastrulation. biological_process GO:0001705 ectoderm formation The formation of ectoderm during gastrulation. GOC:go_curators The formation of the endoderm during gastrulation. endoblast formation biological_process GO:0001706 endoderm formation The formation of the endoderm during gastrulation. GOC:go_curators endoblast formation GOC:dph GOC:sdb_2009 GOC:tb The process that gives rise to the mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts. biological_process GO:0001707 mesoderm formation The process that gives rise to the mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts. GOC:go_curators The process involved in the specification of cell identity. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment. biological_process GO:0001708 cell fate specification The process involved in the specification of cell identity. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment. GOC:go_curators The characteristic movement of an immature neuron from germinal zones to specific positions where they will reside as they mature. Wikipedia:Neural_development#Neuron_migration Wikipedia:Neuron_migration neuron chemotaxis neuronal migration biological_process neuron guidance GO:0001764 neuron migration The characteristic movement of an immature neuron from germinal zones to specific positions where they will reside as they mature. CL:0000540 GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups into an amino acid in a protein. regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation biological_process GO:0001932 regulation of protein phosphorylation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups into an amino acid in a protein. GOC:hjd regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation GOC:bf Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein. down regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation down-regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation downregulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation negative regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation inhibition of protein amino acid phosphorylation biological_process GO:0001933 negative regulation of protein phosphorylation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein. GOC:hjd negative regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation GOC:bf Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein. positive regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation up regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation up-regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation upregulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation activation of protein amino acid phosphorylation stimulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation biological_process GO:0001934 positive regulation of protein phosphorylation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein. GOC:hjd positive regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation GOC:bf The pronucleus originating from the ovum that is being fertilized. cellular_component GO:0001939 female pronucleus The pronucleus originating from the ovum that is being fertilized. GOC:hjd ISBN:0198506732 The pronucleus originating from the spermatozoa that was involved in fertilization. cellular_component GO:0001940 male pronucleus The pronucleus originating from the spermatozoa that was involved in fertilization. GOC:hjd ISBN:0198506732 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter. up regulation of neurotransmitter secretion up-regulation of neurotransmitter secretion upregulation of neurotransmitter secretion activation of neurotransmitter secretion stimulation of neurotransmitter secretion biological_process GO:0001956 positive regulation of neurotransmitter secretion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter. GOC:hjd The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to touch. taxis in response to mechanical stimulus stereotaxis taxis in response to touch stimulus biological_process GO:0001966 thigmotaxis The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to touch. GOC:dph The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. biological_process GO:0002064 epithelial cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. GOC:dph The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew. biological_process GO:0002119 nematode larval development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew. GOC:ems GOC:kmv The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The larva is the early, immature form of an that at birth or hatching is fundamentally unlike its parent and must metamorphose before assuming the adult characters. biological_process GO:0002164 larval development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The larva is the early, immature form of an that at birth or hatching is fundamentally unlike its parent and must metamorphose before assuming the adult characters. GOC:jid ISBN:0877795088 Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats. Wikipedia:Immune_system biological_process GO:0002376 Note that this term is a direct child of 'biological_process ; GO:0008150' because some immune system processes are types of cellular process (GO:0009987), whereas others are types of multicellular organism process (GO:0032501). This term was added by GO_REF:0000022. immune system process Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats. GOC:add GOC:mtg_15nov05 GO_REF:0000022 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system whose objective is to provide calibrated responses by an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat, over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process. biological_process GO:0002520 immune system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system whose objective is to provide calibrated responses by an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat, over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process. GOC:add GOC:dph Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. biological_process GO:0002682 regulation of immune system process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. down regulation of immune system process down-regulation of immune system process downregulation of immune system process inhibition of immune system process biological_process GO:0002683 negative regulation of immune system process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. up regulation of immune system process up-regulation of immune system process upregulation of immune system process activation of immune system process stimulation of immune system process biological_process GO:0002684 positive regulation of immune system process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. GOC:add The controlled release of a peptide from a cell or a tissue. biological_process GO:0002790 peptide secretion The controlled release of a peptide from a cell or a tissue. GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion. biological_process GO:0002791 regulation of peptide secretion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion. down regulation of peptide secretion down-regulation of peptide secretion downregulation of peptide secretion inhibition of peptide secretion biological_process GO:0002792 negative regulation of peptide secretion Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion. up regulation of peptide secretion up-regulation of peptide secretion upregulation of peptide secretion activation of peptide secretion stimulation of peptide secretion biological_process GO:0002793 positive regulation of peptide secretion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion. GOC:add A physiological defense response which occurs intracellularly. intracellular defence response biological_process GO:0002818 intracellular defense response A physiological defense response which occurs intracellularly. GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus. biological_process GO:0002831 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. regulation of response to biotic stimulus Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus. down regulation of response to biotic stimulus down-regulation of response to biotic stimulus downregulation of response to biotic stimulus inhibition of response to biotic stimulus biological_process GO:0002832 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. negative regulation of response to biotic stimulus Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus. up regulation of response to biotic stimulus up-regulation of response to biotic stimulus upregulation of response to biotic stimulus activation of response to biotic stimulus stimulation of response to biotic stimulus biological_process GO:0002833 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. positive regulation of response to biotic stimulus Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus. GOC:add A developmental process in which a progressive change in the state of some part of an organism specifically contributes to its ability to form offspring. puberty biological_process reproductive developmental process GO:0003006 developmental process involved in reproduction A developmental process in which a progressive change in the state of some part of an organism specifically contributes to its ability to form offspring. GOC:dph GOC:isa_complete puberty GOC:dph reproductive developmental process GOC:dph GOC:tb A multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. An organ system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a biological objective. organ system process biological_process GO:0003008 system process A multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. An organ system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a biological objective. GOC:mtg_cardio A organ system process carried out at the level of a muscle. Muscle tissue is composed of contractile cells or fibers. biological_process muscle physiological process GO:0003012 muscle system process A organ system process carried out at the level of a muscle. Muscle tissue is composed of contractile cells or fibers. GOC:mtg_cardio The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization that contributes to the self-propelled directed movement of an ameboid cell. dph 2009-12-08T04:50:41Z biological_process GO:0003365 establishment of cell polarity involved in ameboidal cell migration The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization that contributes to the self-propelled directed movement of an ameboid cell. GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization that contributes to the self-propelled directed movement of an ameboid cell taking part in gastrulation. dph 2009-12-09T06:54:44Z biological_process GO:0003379 establishment of cell polarity involved in gastrulation cell migration The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization that contributes to the self-propelled directed movement of an ameboid cell taking part in gastrulation. GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs. These actions are described from two distinct but related perspectives: (1) biochemical activity, and (2) role as a component in a larger system/process. molecular process GO:0005554 molecular function molecular_function GO:0003674 Note that, in addition to forming the root of the molecular function ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose molecular function is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the molecular function of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code "no data" (ND), is used to indicate this. Despite its name, this is not a type of 'function' in the sense typically defined by upper ontologies such as Basic Formal Ontology (BFO). It is instead a BFO:process carried out by a single gene product or complex. molecular_function A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs. These actions are described from two distinct but related perspectives: (1) biochemical activity, and (2) role as a component in a larger system/process. GOC:pdt Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any nucleic acid. GO:0000496 MIPS_funcat:16.03 base pairing molecular_function GO:0003676 nucleic acid binding Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any nucleic acid. GOC:jl Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). GO:0043566 MIPS_funcat:16.03.01 plasmid binding molecular_function microtubule/chromatin interaction structure specific DNA binding structure-specific DNA binding GO:0003677 DNA binding Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:tb GOC:vw Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic. Wikipedia:Enzyme enzyme activity molecular_function GO:0003824 catalytic activity Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic. GOC:vw ISBN:0198506732 enzyme activity GOC:dph GOC:tb Catalysis of the reaction: acetylcholine + H2O = choline + acetate. EC:3.1.1.7 MetaCyc:ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE-RXN RHEA:17561 Reactome:R-HSA-372519 acetyl.beta-methylcholinesterase activity acetylcholine acetylhydrolase activity acetylcholine hydrolase activity acetylthiocholinesterase activity choline esterase I activity true cholinesterase activity molecular_function AcCholE GO:0003990 acetylcholinesterase activity Catalysis of the reaction: acetylcholine + H2O = choline + acetate. EC:3.1.1.7 Reactome:R-HSA-372519 AcCho is hydrolyzed to Cho and acetate by ACHE acetyl.beta-methylcholinesterase activity EC:3.1.1.7 acetylcholine acetylhydrolase activity EC:3.1.1.7 acetylcholine hydrolase activity EC:3.1.1.7 acetylthiocholinesterase activity EC:3.1.1.7 choline esterase I activity EC:3.1.1.7 true cholinesterase activity EC:3.1.1.7 AcCholE EC:3.1.1.7 Catalysis of the reaction: an acylcholine + H2O = choline + a carboxylic acid anion. EC:3.1.1.8 MetaCyc:CHOLINESTERASE-RXN RHEA:21964 BtChoEase activity acylcholine acylhydrolase activity anticholineesterase activity benzoylcholinesterase activity butyrylcholine esterase activity butyrylcholinesterase activity choline esterase II (unspecific) activity choline esterase activity non-specific cholinesterase activity propionylcholinesterase activity pseudocholinesterase activity molecular_function GO:0004104 cholinesterase activity Catalysis of the reaction: an acylcholine + H2O = choline + a carboxylic acid anion. EC:3.1.1.8 BtChoEase activity EC:3.1.1.8 acylcholine acylhydrolase activity EC:3.1.1.8 anticholineesterase activity EC:3.1.1.8 benzoylcholinesterase activity EC:3.1.1.8 butyrylcholine esterase activity EC:3.1.1.8 butyrylcholinesterase activity EC:3.1.1.8 choline esterase II (unspecific) activity EC:3.1.1.8 choline esterase activity EC:3.1.1.8 non-specific cholinesterase activity EC:3.1.1.8 propionylcholinesterase activity EC:3.1.1.8 pseudocholinesterase activity EC:3.1.1.8 true Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function. receptor binding Wikipedia:Ligand_(biochemistry) receptor ligand molecular_function receptor-associated protein activity GO:0005102 Where appropriate, also consider annotating to 'receptor agonist activity ; GO:0048018'. signaling receptor binding Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function. GOC:bf GOC:ceb ISBN:0198506732 The selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric, interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule. Wikipedia:Binding_(molecular) ligand molecular_function GO:0005488 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct, manual gene product annotation. Please choose a more specific child term, or request a new one if no suitable term is available. For ligands that bind to signal transducing receptors, consider the molecular function term 'receptor binding ; GO:0005102' and its children. binding The selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric, interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule. GOC:ceb GOC:mah ISBN:0198506732 Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). GO:0001948 GO:0045308 MIPS_funcat:16.01 MIPS_funcat:18.01.07 Reactome:R-HSA-170835 Reactome:R-HSA-170846 protein amino acid binding glycoprotein binding molecular_function GO:0005515 protein binding Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). GOC:go_curators Reactome:R-HSA-170835 An anchoring protein, ZFYVE9 (SARA), recruits SMAD2/3 Reactome:R-HSA-170846 TGFBR2 recruits TGFBR1 A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine when it carries out a molecular function. There are two ways in which the gene ontology describes locations of gene products: (1) relative to cellular structures (e.g., cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane) or compartments (e.g., mitochondrion), and (2) the stable macromolecular complexes of which they are parts (e.g., the ribosome). The part of a cell or its extracellular environment in which a gene product is located. A gene product may be located in one or more parts of a cell and its location may be as specific as a particular macromolecular complex, that is, a stable, persistent association of macromolecules that function together. GO:0008372 NIF_Subcellular:sao1337158144 cell or subcellular entity cellular component cellular_component subcellular entity GO:0005575 Note that, in addition to forming the root of the cellular component ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose cellular component is unknown. Note that when this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the cellular component of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code ND, no data, is used to indicate this. Note that, in addition to forming the root of the cellular component ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose cellular component is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the cellular component of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code "no data" (ND), is used to indicate this. cellular_component A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine when it carries out a molecular function. There are two ways in which the gene ontology describes locations of gene products: (1) relative to cellular structures (e.g., cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane) or compartments (e.g., mitochondrion), and (2) the stable macromolecular complexes of which they are parts (e.g., the ribosome). GOC:pdt NIF_Subcellular:sao1337158144 The part of a cell or its extracellular environment in which a gene product is located. A gene product may be located in one or more parts of a cell and its location may be as specific as a particular macromolecular complex, that is, a stable, persistent association of macromolecules that function together. GOC:go_curators subcellular entity NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_100315 The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. MIPS_funcat:70.27 Wikipedia:Extracellular extracellular cellular_component GO:0005576 Note that this term is intended to annotate gene products that are not attached to the cell surface. For gene products from multicellular organisms which are secreted from a cell but retained within the organism (i.e. released into the interstitial fluid or blood), consider the cellular component term 'extracellular space ; GO:0005615'. extracellular region The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. GOC:go_curators A collagen-containing extracellular matrix consisting of a thin layer of dense material found in various animal tissues interposed between the cells and the adjacent connective tissue. It consists of the basal lamina plus an associated layer of reticulin fibers. GO:0005605 GO:0008003 Wikipedia:Basement_membrane cellular_component basal lamina basement lamina lamina densa GO:0005604 Note that this term has no relationship to 'membrane ; GO:0016020' because the basement membrane is not a lipid bilayer. basement membrane A collagen-containing extracellular matrix consisting of a thin layer of dense material found in various animal tissues interposed between the cells and the adjacent connective tissue. It consists of the basal lamina plus an associated layer of reticulin fibers. ISBN:0198547684 PMID:22505934 The living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. Wikipedia:Intracellular internal to cell protoplasm cellular_component nucleocytoplasm protoplast GO:0005622 intracellular The living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. ISBN:0198506732 nucleocytoplasm GOC:mah protoplast GOC:mah The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. cell and encapsulating structures NIF_Subcellular:sao1813327414 Wikipedia:Cell_(biology) cellular_component GO:0005623 cell The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. GOC:go_curators A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. MIPS_funcat:70.10 NIF_Subcellular:sao1702920020 Wikipedia:Cell_nucleus cell nucleus horsetail nucleus cellular_component GO:0005634 nucleus nucleus A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. GOC:go_curators horsetail nucleus GOC:al GOC:mah GOC:vw PMID:15030757 The double lipid bilayer enclosing the nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space). GO:0005636 MIPS_funcat:70.10.05 Wikipedia:Nuclear_envelope cellular_component GO:0005635 nuclear envelope The double lipid bilayer enclosing the nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space). ISBN:0198547684 Any of the numerous similar discrete openings in the nuclear envelope of a eukaryotic cell, where the inner and outer nuclear membranes are joined. GO:0005644 NIF_Subcellular:sao220861693 Wikipedia:Nuclear_pore NPC nuclear pore complex nucleopore nuclear pore membrane protein cellular_component GO:0005643 nuclear pore Any of the numerous similar discrete openings in the nuclear envelope of a eukaryotic cell, where the inner and outer nuclear membranes are joined. ISBN:0198547684 nucleopore GOC:al PMID:7603572 A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information. MIPS_funcat:70.10.03 Wikipedia:Chromosome interphase chromosome prophase chromosome cellular_component chromatid GO:0005694 Chromosomes include parts that are not part of the chromatin. Examples include the kinetochore. chromosome A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information. ISBN:0198547684 A connection formed between chromatids, visible during meiosis, thought to be the point of the interchange involved in crossing-over. Wikipedia:Chiasma_(genetics) cellular_component GO:0005712 chiasma A connection formed between chromatids, visible during meiosis, thought to be the point of the interchange involved in crossing-over. ISBN:0198506732 A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome. MIPS_funcat:70.10.07 NIF_Subcellular:sao1820400233 Wikipedia:Nucleolus cellular_component GO:0005730 nucleolus A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome. ISBN:0198506732 All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. MIPS_funcat:70.03 Wikipedia:Cytoplasm cellular_component GO:0005737 cytoplasm All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. ISBN:0198547684 A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration. MIPS_funcat:70.16 NIF_Subcellular:sao1860313010 Wikipedia:Mitochondrion mitochondria cellular_component GO:0005739 Some anaerobic or microaerophilic organisms (e.g. Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis and several Microsporidia species) do not have mitochondria, and contain mitochondrion-related organelles (MROs) instead, called mitosomes or hydrogenosomes, very likely derived from mitochondria. To annotate gene products located in these mitochondrial relics in species such as Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis or others, please use GO:0032047 'mitosome' or GO:0042566 'hydrogenosome'. (See PMID:24316280 for a list of species currently known to contain mitochondrion-related organelles.) mitochondrion A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration. GOC:giardia ISBN:0198506732 The gel-like material, with considerable fine structure, that lies in the matrix space, or lumen, of a mitochondrion. It contains the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and, in some organisms, the enzymes concerned with fatty acid oxidation. GO:0031980 MIPS_funcat:70.16.07 NIF_Subcellular:sao1804523077 Wikipedia:Mitochondrial_matrix mitochondrial lumen mitochondrial stroma cellular_component GO:0005759 mitochondrial matrix The gel-like material, with considerable fine structure, that lies in the matrix space, or lumen, of a mitochondrion. It contains the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and, in some organisms, the enzymes concerned with fatty acid oxidation. GOC:as ISBN:0198506732 A small lytic vacuole that has cell cycle-independent morphology and is found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases, most of which have their maximal activities in the pH range 5-6. The contained enzymes display latency if properly isolated. About 40 different lysosomal hydrolases are known and lysosomes have a great variety of morphologies and functions. MIPS_funcat:70.25 NIF_Subcellular:sao585356902 Wikipedia:Lysosome cellular_component GO:0005764 lysosome A small lytic vacuole that has cell cycle-independent morphology and is found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases, most of which have their maximal activities in the pH range 5-6. The contained enzymes display latency if properly isolated. About 40 different lysosomal hydrolases are known and lysosomes have a great variety of morphologies and functions. GOC:mah ISBN:0198506732 A vacuole to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered. MIPS_funcat:70.22 NIF_Subcellular:sao1720343330 Wikipedia:Endosome cellular_component GO:0005768 endosome A vacuole to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered. ISBN:0198506732 PMID:19696797 A membrane-bounded organelle that receives incoming material from primary endocytic vesicles that have been generated by clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis; vesicles fuse with the early endosome to deliver cargo for sorting into recycling or degradation pathways. NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_20090701 cellular_component GO:0005769 early endosome A membrane-bounded organelle that receives incoming material from primary endocytic vesicles that have been generated by clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis; vesicles fuse with the early endosome to deliver cargo for sorting into recycling or degradation pathways. GOC:mah NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_20090701 PMID:19696797 A prelysosomal endocytic organelle differentiated from early endosomes by lower lumenal pH and different protein composition. Late endosomes are more spherical than early endosomes and are mostly juxtanuclear, being concentrated near the microtubule organizing center. PVC NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_20090702 prevacuolar compartment cellular_component GO:0005770 late endosome A prelysosomal endocytic organelle differentiated from early endosomes by lower lumenal pH and different protein composition. Late endosomes are more spherical than early endosomes and are mostly juxtanuclear, being concentrated near the microtubule organizing center. NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_20090702 PMID:11964142 PMID:2557062 A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol. MIPS_funcat:70.25 Wikipedia:Vacuole cellular_component vacuolar carboxypeptidase Y GO:0005773 vacuole A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol. GOC:mtg_sensu ISBN:0198506732 The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane. cellular_component GO:0005775 vacuolar lumen The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane. ISBN:0198506732 A small organelle enclosed by a single membrane, and found in most eukaryotic cells. Contains peroxidases and other enzymes involved in a variety of metabolic processes including free radical detoxification, lipid catabolism and biosynthesis, and hydrogen peroxide metabolism. GO:0019818 peroxisome vesicle MIPS_funcat:70.19 NIF_Subcellular:sao499555322 Wikipedia:Peroxisome cellular_component peroxisomal GO:0005777 peroxisome A small organelle enclosed by a single membrane, and found in most eukaryotic cells. Contains peroxidases and other enzymes involved in a variety of metabolic processes including free radical detoxification, lipid catabolism and biosynthesis, and hydrogen peroxide metabolism. GOC:pm PMID:9302272 UniProtKB-KW:KW-0576 The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached). MIPS_funcat:70.07 NIF_Subcellular:sao1036339110 Wikipedia:Endoplasmic_reticulum ER cellular_component GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached). ISBN:0198506732 The volume enclosed by the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum. GO:0016022 ER cisterna ER lumen cisternal lumen endoplasmic reticulum cisterna cellular_component GO:0005788 endoplasmic reticulum lumen The volume enclosed by the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum. ISBN:0198547684 A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions. Golgi MIPS_funcat:70.08 NIF_Subcellular:sao451912436 Wikipedia:Golgi_apparatus Golgi complex Golgi ribbon cellular_component GO:0005794 Note that the Golgi apparatus can be located in various places in the cytoplasm. In plants and lower animal cells, the Golgi apparatus exists as many copies of discrete stacks dispersed throughout the cytoplasm, while the Golgi apparatus of interphase mammalian cells is a juxtanuclear, often pericentriolar reticulum, where the discrete Golgi stacks are stitched together to form a compact and interconnected ribbon, sometimes called the Golgi ribbon. Golgi apparatus A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions. ISBN:0198506732 An array of microtubules emanating from a spindle pole MTOC that do not connect to kinetochores. cellular_component GO:0005818 aster An array of microtubules emanating from a spindle pole MTOC that do not connect to kinetochores. GOC:clt The array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during mitosis or meiosis and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart. Wikipedia:Spindle_apparatus cellular_component GO:0005819 spindle The array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during mitosis or meiosis and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart. ISBN:0198547684 The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. NIF_Subcellular:sao101633890 Wikipedia:Cytosol cellular_component GO:0005829 cytosol The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. GOC:hjd GOC:jl Any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of cells, and typically remain after treatment of the cells with mild detergent to remove membrane constituents and soluble components of the cytoplasm. The term embraces intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles. MIPS_funcat:70.04 Wikipedia:Cytoskeleton cellular_component GO:0005856 cytoskeleton Any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of cells, and typically remain after treatment of the cells with mild detergent to remove membrane constituents and soluble components of the cytoplasm. The term embraces intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles. GOC:mah ISBN:0198547684 PMID:16959967 A filament of myosin found in a muscle cell of any type. cellular_component GO:0005859 muscle myosin complex A filament of myosin found in a muscle cell of any type. GOC:mah Bipolar filaments formed of polymers of a muscle-specific myosin II isoform, found in the middle of sarcomeres in myofibrils. cellular_component GO:0005863 striated muscle myosin thick filament Bipolar filaments formed of polymers of a muscle-specific myosin II isoform, found in the middle of sarcomeres in myofibrils. GOC:mtg_muscle ISBN:0815316194 Any of the long, generally straight, hollow tubes of internal diameter 12-15 nm and external diameter 24 nm found in a wide variety of eukaryotic cells; each consists (usually) of 13 protofilaments of polymeric tubulin, staggered in such a manner that the tubulin monomers are arranged in a helical pattern on the microtubular surface, and with the alpha/beta axes of the tubulin subunits parallel to the long axis of the tubule; exist in equilibrium with pool of tubulin monomers and can be rapidly assembled or disassembled in response to physiological stimuli; concerned with force generation, e.g. in the spindle. NIF_Subcellular:sao1846835077 Wikipedia:Microtubule microtubuli microtubulus neurotubule cellular_component GO:0005874 microtubule Any of the long, generally straight, hollow tubes of internal diameter 12-15 nm and external diameter 24 nm found in a wide variety of eukaryotic cells; each consists (usually) of 13 protofilaments of polymeric tubulin, staggered in such a manner that the tubulin monomers are arranged in a helical pattern on the microtubular surface, and with the alpha/beta axes of the tubulin subunits parallel to the long axis of the tubule; exist in equilibrium with pool of tubulin monomers and can be rapidly assembled or disassembled in response to physiological stimuli; concerned with force generation, e.g. in the spindle. ISBN:0879693568 neurotubule NIF_Subcellular:sao248349196 Any microtubule that is part of a mitotic or meiotic spindle; anchored at one spindle pole. cellular_component GO:0005876 spindle microtubule Any microtubule that is part of a mitotic or meiotic spindle; anchored at one spindle pole. ISBN:0815316194 A microtubule in the axoneme of a eukaryotic cilium or flagellum; an axoneme contains nine modified doublet microtubules, which may or may not surround a pair of single microtubules. cellular_component GO:0005879 axonemal microtubule A microtubule in the axoneme of a eukaryotic cilium or flagellum; an axoneme contains nine modified doublet microtubules, which may or may not surround a pair of single microtubules. GOC:cilia ISBN:0815316194 Any microtubule in the nucleus of a cell. cellular_component GO:0005880 nuclear microtubule Any microtubule in the nucleus of a cell. GOC:mah Any microtubule in the cytoplasm of a cell. non-spindle-associated astral microtubule cellular_component GO:0005881 cytoplasmic microtubule Any microtubule in the cytoplasm of a cell. GOC:mah A filamentous structure formed of a two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin and associated proteins. Actin filaments are a major component of the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle and the microfilaments of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. The filaments, comprising polymerized globular actin molecules, appear as flexible structures with a diameter of 5-9 nm. They are organized into a variety of linear bundles, two-dimensional networks, and three dimensional gels. In the cytoskeleton they are most highly concentrated in the cortex of the cell just beneath the plasma membrane. FMA:63850 NIF_Subcellular:sao1588493326 Wikipedia:Actin microfilament cellular_component GO:0005884 actin filament A filamentous structure formed of a two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin and associated proteins. Actin filaments are a major component of the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle and the microfilaments of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. The filaments, comprising polymerized globular actin molecules, appear as flexible structures with a diameter of 5-9 nm. They are organized into a variety of linear bundles, two-dimensional networks, and three dimensional gels. In the cytoskeleton they are most highly concentrated in the cortex of the cell just beneath the plasma membrane. GOC:mah ISBN:0198506732 PMID:10666339 The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. GO:0005904 juxtamembrane NIF_Subcellular:sao1663586795 Wikipedia:Cell_membrane cell membrane cellular membrane cytoplasmic membrane plasmalemma bacterial inner membrane inner endospore membrane plasma membrane lipid bilayer cellular_component GO:0005886 plasma membrane The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. ISBN:0716731363 cellular membrane NIF_Subcellular:sao6433132645 plasma membrane lipid bilayer GOC:mah A cell junction that forms a connection between two or more cells in a multicellular organism; excludes direct cytoplasmic intercellular bridges, such as ring canals in insects. MIPS_funcat:70.06.04 NIF_Subcellular:sao1922892319 intercellular junction cellular_component GO:0005911 cell-cell junction A cell junction that forms a connection between two or more cells in a multicellular organism; excludes direct cytoplasmic intercellular bridges, such as ring canals in insects. GOC:aruk GOC:bc GOC:dgh GOC:hb GOC:mah PMID:21422226 PMID:28096264 intercellular junction NIF_Subcellular:sao1395777368 A cell-cell junction composed of the epithelial cadherin-catenin complex. The epithelial cadherins, or E-cadherins, of each interacting cell extend through the plasma membrane into the extracellular space and bind to each other. The E-cadherins bind to catenins on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane, where the E-cadherin-catenin complex binds to cytoskeletal components and regulatory and signaling molecules. GO:0005913 Wikipedia:Adherens_junction cell-cell adherens junction cellular_component GO:0005912 adherens junction A cell-cell junction composed of the epithelial cadherin-catenin complex. The epithelial cadherins, or E-cadherins, of each interacting cell extend through the plasma membrane into the extracellular space and bind to each other. The E-cadherins bind to catenins on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane, where the E-cadherin-catenin complex binds to cytoskeletal components and regulatory and signaling molecules. GOC:aruk GOC:bc GOC:mah ISBN:0198506732 PMID:17854762 PMID:20571587 PMID:21422226 PMID:28096264 An occluding cell-cell junction that is composed of a branching network of sealing strands that completely encircles the apical end of each cell in an epithelial sheet; the outer leaflets of the two interacting plasma membranes are seen to be tightly apposed where sealing strands are present. Each sealing strand is composed of a long row of transmembrane adhesion proteins embedded in each of the two interacting plasma membranes. NIF_Subcellular:sao1939999134 Wikipedia:Tight_junction zonula occludens cellular_component GO:0005923 bicellular tight junction An occluding cell-cell junction that is composed of a branching network of sealing strands that completely encircles the apical end of each cell in an epithelial sheet; the outer leaflets of the two interacting plasma membranes are seen to be tightly apposed where sealing strands are present. Each sealing strand is composed of a long row of transmembrane adhesion proteins embedded in each of the two interacting plasma membranes. GOC:mah ISBN:0815332181 A specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface and of some cytoplasmic parts. Each cilium is largely bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored to a basal body. GO:0072372 FMA:67181 NIF_Subcellular:sao787716553 Wikipedia:Cilium eukaryotic flagellum microtubule-based flagellum primary cilium cellular_component flagellum GO:0005929 Note that we deem cilium and microtubule-based flagellum to be equivalent. In most eukaryotic species, intracellular sub-components of the cilium, such as the ciliary base and rootlet, are located near the plasma membrane. In Diplomonads such as Giardia, instead, the same ciliary parts are located further intracellularly. Also, 'cilium' may be used when axonemal structure and/or motility are unknown, or when axonemal structure is unusual. For all other cases, please refer to children of 'cilium'. Finally, note that any role of ciliary proteins in sensory events should be captured by annotating to relevant biological process terms. cilium A specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface and of some cytoplasmic parts. Each cilium is largely bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored to a basal body. GOC:cilia GOC:curators GOC:kmv GOC:vw ISBN:0198547684 PMID:16824949 PMID:17009929 PMID:20144998 The bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia (also called flagella) in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements. GO:0035085 GO:0035086 Wikipedia:Axoneme ciliary axoneme cilium axoneme flagellar axoneme flagellum axoneme cellular_component GO:0005930 Note that cilia and eukaryotic flagella are deemed to be equivalent. In diplomonad species, such as Giardia, the axoneme may extend intracellularly up to 5um away from the plane of the plasma membrane. axoneme The bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia (also called flagella) in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements. GOC:bf GOC:cilia ISBN:0198547684 The region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins. Wikipedia:Cell_cortex cellular_component cell periphery peripheral cytoplasm GO:0005938 cell cortex The region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins. GOC:mah ISBN:0815316194 The chemical reactions and pathways involving alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom. alcohol metabolism biological_process GO:0006066 alcohol metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom. ISBN:0198506732 Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. GO:0055134 cellular nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process cellular nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism biological_process nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process GO:0006139 nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. GOC:ai nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process GOC:dph GOC:tb Any cellular metabolic process involving deoxyribonucleic acid. This is one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from one, or more commonly, two, strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides. GO:0055132 MIPS_funcat:10 MIPS_funcat:10.01 DNA metabolism cellular DNA metabolism biological_process GO:0006259 DNA metabolic process Any cellular metabolic process involving deoxyribonucleic acid. This is one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from one, or more commonly, two, strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides. ISBN:0198506732 The cellular metabolic process in which a cell duplicates one or more molecules of DNA. DNA replication begins when specific sequences, known as origins of replication, are recognized and bound by initiation proteins, and ends when the original DNA molecule has been completely duplicated and the copies topologically separated. The unit of replication usually corresponds to the genome of the cell, an organelle, or a virus. The template for replication can either be an existing DNA molecule or RNA. GO:0055133 MIPS_funcat:10.01.03 Wikipedia:DNA_replication biological_process GO:0006260 DNA biosynthesis is only part of this process. See also the biological process terms 'DNA-dependent DNA replication ; GO:0006261' and 'RNA-dependent DNA replication ; GO:0006278'. DNA replication The cellular metabolic process in which a cell duplicates one or more molecules of DNA. DNA replication begins when specific sequences, known as origins of replication, are recognized and bound by initiation proteins, and ends when the original DNA molecule has been completely duplicated and the copies topologically separated. The unit of replication usually corresponds to the genome of the cell, an organelle, or a virus. The template for replication can either be an existing DNA molecule or RNA. GOC:mah A DNA replication process that uses parental DNA as a template for the DNA-dependent DNA polymerases that synthesize the new strands. GO:0006262 GO:0006263 biological_process GO:0006261 DNA-dependent DNA replication A DNA replication process that uses parental DNA as a template for the DNA-dependent DNA polymerases that synthesize the new strands. GOC:mah ISBN:0198506732 The process in which new strands of DNA are synthesized in the mitochondrion. mtDNA replication replication of mitochondrial DNA biological_process mitochondrial DNA synthesis mtDNA synthesis GO:0006264 mitochondrial DNA replication The process in which new strands of DNA are synthesized in the mitochondrion. GOC:ai The process in which DNA-dependent DNA replication is started; this begins with the ATP dependent loading of an initiator complex onto the DNA, this is followed by DNA melting and helicase activity. In bacteria, the gene products that enable the helicase activity are loaded after the initial melting and in archaea and eukaryotes, the gene products that enable the helicase activity are inactive when they are loaded and subsequently activate. GO:0042024 DNA-dependent DNA replication initiation DNA endoreduplication initiation DNA re-replication initiation biological_process GO:0006270 DNA replication initiation The process in which DNA-dependent DNA replication is started; this begins with the ATP dependent loading of an initiator complex onto the DNA, this is followed by DNA melting and helicase activity. In bacteria, the gene products that enable the helicase activity are loaded after the initial melting and in archaea and eukaryotes, the gene products that enable the helicase activity are inactive when they are loaded and subsequently activate. ISBN:071673706X ISBN:0815316194 PMID:28209641 DNA-dependent DNA replication initiation GOC:vw Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication. biological_process GO:0006275 regulation of DNA replication Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication. GOC:go_curators The replication of DNA that precedes meiotic cell division. GO:1902968 DNA replication involved in S phase involved in meiotic cell cycle DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in meiotic cell cycle meiotic cell cycle DNA replication meiotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in meiotic cell cycle biological_process DNA replication during S phase involved in meiotic cell cycle meiotic DNA replication meiotic DNA synthesis premeiotic DNA synthesis GO:0006279 premeiotic DNA replication The replication of DNA that precedes meiotic cell division. GOC:TermGenie GOC:ai GO_REF:0000060 DNA replication involved in S phase involved in meiotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in meiotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie DNA replication during S phase involved in meiotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie meiotic DNA replication GOC:mah meiotic DNA synthesis GOC:mah premeiotic DNA synthesis GOC:mah Any process in which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents. In eukaryotes genetic recombination can occur by chromosome assortment, intrachromosomal recombination, or nonreciprocal interchromosomal recombination. Interchromosomal recombination occurs by crossing over. In bacteria it may occur by genetic transformation, conjugation, transduction, or F-duction. MIPS_funcat:10.01.05 MIPS_funcat:10.01.05.03 biological_process GO:0006310 DNA recombination Any process in which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents. In eukaryotes genetic recombination can occur by chromosome assortment, intrachromosomal recombination, or nonreciprocal interchromosomal recombination. Interchromosomal recombination occurs by crossing over. In bacteria it may occur by genetic transformation, conjugation, transduction, or F-duction. ISBN:0198506732 Any process in which DNA and associated proteins are formed into a compact, orderly structure. DNA condensation DNA organisation DNA organization biological_process GO:0006323 DNA packaging Any process in which DNA and associated proteins are formed into a compact, orderly structure. GOC:mah ISBN:0815316194 The cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of DNA. GO:0006350 GO:0061018 GO:0061022 cellular transcription transcription MIPS_funcat:11.02 Wikipedia:Transcription_(genetics) DNA-dependent transcription cellular transcription, DNA-dependent transcription, DNA-dependent biological_process transcription regulator activity GO:0006351 transcription, DNA-templated The cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of DNA. GOC:jl GOC:txnOH transcription, DNA-dependent GOC:txnOH Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. GO:0032583 GO:0045449 GO:0061019 transcriptional control regulation of cellular transcription, DNA-dependent regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent biological_process regulation of gene-specific transcription GO:0006355 regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. GOC:go_curators GOC:txnOH regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent GOC:txnOH Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II. GO:0006358 GO:0010551 regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter biological_process global transcription regulation from Pol II promoter regulation of gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, global GO:0006357 regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II. GOC:go_curators GOC:txnOH The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II (RNAP II), originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter. Includes transcription of messenger RNA (mRNA) and certain small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). GO:0032568 GO:0032569 transcription from Pol II promoter transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter biological_process RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter general transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GO:0006366 Changed class label as requested in https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/14854 transcription by RNA polymerase II The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II (RNAP II), originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter. Includes transcription of messenger RNA (mRNA) and certain small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). GOC:jl GOC:txnOH ISBN:0321000382 specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:mah The synthesis of RNA from a mitochondrial DNA template, usually by a specific mitochondrial RNA polymerase. transcription from mitochondrial promoter biological_process GO:0006390 Changed class label as requested in https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/14854 mitochondrial transcription The synthesis of RNA from a mitochondrial DNA template, usually by a specific mitochondrial RNA polymerase. GOC:jl Any process involved in the conversion of one or more primary RNA transcripts into one or more mature RNA molecules. GO:0006394 MIPS_funcat:11.04 Wikipedia:Post-transcriptional_modification biological_process GO:0006396 RNA processing Any process involved in the conversion of one or more primary RNA transcripts into one or more mature RNA molecules. GOC:mah Any process involved in the conversion of a primary mRNA transcript into one or more mature mRNA(s) prior to translation into polypeptide. MIPS_funcat:11.04.03 biological_process mRNA maturation GO:0006397 mRNA processing Any process involved in the conversion of a primary mRNA transcript into one or more mature mRNA(s) prior to translation into polypeptide. GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. MIPS_funcat:01.03.16 MIPS_funcat:01.03.16.01 RNA breakdown RNA catabolism RNA degradation biological_process GO:0006401 RNA catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mRNA, messenger RNA, which is responsible for carrying the coded genetic 'message', transcribed from DNA, to sites of protein assembly at the ribosomes. mRNA breakdown mRNA catabolism mRNA degradation biological_process mRNA decay GO:0006402 mRNA catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mRNA, messenger RNA, which is responsible for carrying the coded genetic 'message', transcribed from DNA, to sites of protein assembly at the ribosomes. ISBN:0198506732 mRNA decay GOC:ascb_2010 GOC:dph GOC:tb A process in which RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. RNA localisation establishment and maintenance of RNA localization biological_process GO:0006403 RNA localization A process in which RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. GOC:ai RNA localisation GOC:mah The directed movement of RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. RNA export from cell nucleus RNA export out of nucleus RNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm RNA-nucleus export biological_process GO:0006405 RNA export from nucleus The directed movement of RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. GOC:ma The directed movement of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. mRNA export from cell nucleus mRNA export out of nucleus mRNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm mRNA-nucleus export biological_process GO:0006406 mRNA export from nucleus The directed movement of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. GOC:ma The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA or circRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA or circRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome. GO:0006416 GO:0006453 GO:0043037 MIPS_funcat:12 Wikipedia:Translation_(genetics) protein anabolism protein biosynthesis protein biosynthetic process protein formation protein synthesis protein translation biological_process GO:0006412 translation The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA or circRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA or circRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome. GOC:go_curators The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis. GO:0006442 GO:0006455 protein synthesis elongation MIPS_funcat:12.04.02 translation elongation biological_process GO:0006414 translational elongation The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis. GOC:ems Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA. GO:0006445 regulation of protein anabolism regulation of protein biosynthesis regulation of protein formation regulation of protein synthesis biological_process GO:0006417 regulation of translation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA. GOC:isa_complete Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or accuracy of translational elongation. biological_process GO:0006448 regulation of translational elongation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or accuracy of translational elongation. GOC:go_curators The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications) occurring at the level of an individual cell. Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification). protein modification process MIPS_funcat:14 MIPS_funcat:14.07 MIPS_funcat:18.01.01 biological_process process resulting in protein modification protein tagging activity GO:0006464 cellular protein modification process The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications) occurring at the level of an individual cell. Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification). GOC:go_curators protein modification process GOC:bf GOC:jl The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein. MIPS_funcat:14.07.03 protein amino acid phosphorylation biological_process GO:0006468 protein phosphorylation The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein. GOC:hb protein amino acid phosphorylation GOC:bf The addition of a methyl group to a protein amino acid. A methyl group is derived from methane by the removal of a hydrogen atom. MIPS_funcat:14.07.09 protein amino acid methylation biological_process GO:0006479 protein methylation The addition of a methyl group to a protein amino acid. A methyl group is derived from methane by the removal of a hydrogen atom. GOC:ai protein amino acid methylation GOC:bf The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another. peptide metabolism biological_process GO:0006518 peptide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another. GOC:go_curators The chemical reactions and pathways occurring at the level of individual cells involving any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters. biogenic amine metabolism biological_process GO:0006576 cellular biogenic amine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways occurring at the level of individual cells involving any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters. GOC:jl ISBN:0395825172 The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. catecholamine metabolism biological_process GO:0006584 catecholamine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 The directed movement of a protein from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. GO:0097349 protein export from cell nucleus protein export out of nucleus protein transport from nucleus to cytoplasm protein-nucleus export biological_process copper-induced protein export from nucleus GO:0006611 protein export from nucleus The directed movement of a protein from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. GOC:jl copper-induced protein export from nucleus GOC:al The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids. MIPS_funcat:01.06 Wikipedia:Lipid_metabolism lipid metabolism biological_process GO:0006629 lipid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids. GOC:ma The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic compounds, any organic compound characterized by one or more planar rings, each of which contains conjugated double bonds and delocalized pi electrons, as carried out by individual cells. aromatic compound metabolism aromatic hydrocarbon metabolic process aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism biological_process GO:0006725 cellular aromatic compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic compounds, any organic compound characterized by one or more planar rings, each of which contains conjugated double bonds and delocalized pi electrons, as carried out by individual cells. GOC:ai ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element phosphorus or compounds that contain phosphorus, usually in the form of a phosphate group (PO4). phosphorus metabolism biological_process GO:0006793 phosphorus metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element phosphorus or compounds that contain phosphorus, usually in the form of a phosphate group (PO4). GOC:ai The chemical reactions and pathways involving the phosphate group, the anion or salt of any phosphoric acid. MIPS_funcat:01.04 phosphate metabolism biological_process phosphate metabolic process GO:0006796 phosphate-containing compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving the phosphate group, the anion or salt of any phosphoric acid. GOC:ai The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic or inorganic compounds that contain nitrogen. MIPS_funcat:01.02 nitrogen compound metabolism biological_process GO:0006807 nitrogen compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic or inorganic compounds that contain nitrogen. GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter, pore or motor protein. janelomax 2012-12-13T16:25:32Z GO:0015457 GO:0015460 GO:0044765 MIPS_funcat:20 small molecule transport solute:solute exchange biological_process single-organism transport GO:0006810 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. It should be possible to make a more specific annotation to one of the children of this term, for e.g. to transmembrane transport, to microtubule-based transport or to vesicle-mediated transport. transport The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter, pore or motor protein. GOC:dos GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mah The directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Neurotransmitters are any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell. MIPS_funcat:20.01.26 sodium:neurotransmitter transport biological_process GO:0006836 neurotransmitter transport The directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Neurotransmitters are any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell. GOC:ai The transport of substances that occurs outside cells. biological_process GO:0006858 extracellular transport The transport of substances that occurs outside cells. GOC:go_curators Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of ions at the level of a cell. MIPS_funcat:34.01 biological_process GO:0006873 cellular ion homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of ions at the level of a cell. GOC:mah Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of hydrogen ions, thereby modulating the internal pH, within an organism or cell. hydrogen ion homeostasis biological_process GO:0006885 regulation of pH Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of hydrogen ions, thereby modulating the internal pH, within an organism or cell. GOC:dph GOC:go_curators GOC:tb hydrogen ion homeostasis GOC:dph GOC:tb The directed movement of proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell, such as organelles of a eukaryotic cell. GO:0032779 biological_process copper-induced intracellular protein transport GO:0006886 intracellular protein transport The directed movement of proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell, such as organelles of a eukaryotic cell. GOC:mah copper-induced intracellular protein transport GOC:al A process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle. Exocytosis can occur either by full fusion, when the vesicle collapses into the plasma membrane, or by a kiss-and-run mechanism that involves the formation of a transient contact, a pore, between a granule (for exemple of chromaffin cells) and the plasma membrane. The latter process most of the time leads to only partial secretion of the granule content. Exocytosis begins with steps that prepare vesicles for fusion with the membrane (tethering and docking) and ends when molecules are secreted from the cell. GO:0016194 GO:0016195 MIPS_funcat:20.09.16.09 MIPS_funcat:20.09.16.09.03 Wikipedia:Exocytosis vesicle exocytosis biological_process nonselective vesicle exocytosis GO:0006887 exocytosis A process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle. Exocytosis can occur either by full fusion, when the vesicle collapses into the plasma membrane, or by a kiss-and-run mechanism that involves the formation of a transient contact, a pore, between a granule (for exemple of chromaffin cells) and the plasma membrane. The latter process most of the time leads to only partial secretion of the granule content. Exocytosis begins with steps that prepare vesicles for fusion with the membrane (tethering and docking) and ends when molecules are secreted from the cell. GOC:mah ISBN:0716731363 PMID:22323285 A vesicle-mediated transport process in which cells take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle. GO:0016193 GO:0016196 GO:0098701 MIPS_funcat:20.09.18.09.01 Wikipedia:Endocytosis endocytic import into cell vesicle endocytosis plasma membrane invagination biological_process nonselective vesicle endocytosis GO:0006897 endocytosis A vesicle-mediated transport process in which cells take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle. GOC:mah ISBN:0198506732 ISBN:0716731363 An endocytosis process in which cell surface receptors ensure specificity of transport. A specific receptor on the cell surface binds tightly to the extracellular macromolecule (the ligand) that it recognizes; the plasma-membrane region containing the receptor-ligand complex then undergoes endocytosis, forming a transport vesicle containing the receptor-ligand complex and excluding most other plasma-membrane proteins. Receptor-mediated endocytosis generally occurs via clathrin-coated pits and vesicles. MIPS_funcat:20.09.18.09.01.01 Wikipedia:Receptor-mediated_endocytosis receptor mediated endocytosis biological_process GO:0006898 receptor-mediated endocytosis An endocytosis process in which cell surface receptors ensure specificity of transport. A specific receptor on the cell surface binds tightly to the extracellular macromolecule (the ligand) that it recognizes; the plasma-membrane region containing the receptor-ligand complex then undergoes endocytosis, forming a transport vesicle containing the receptor-ligand complex and excluding most other plasma-membrane proteins. Receptor-mediated endocytosis generally occurs via clathrin-coated pits and vesicles. GOC:mah ISBN:0716731363 The evagination of a membrane, resulting in formation of a vesicle. jl 2013-12-19T15:26:17Z GO:0006902 GO:1902591 MIPS_funcat:20.09.07.25 membrane evagination vesicle biosynthesis vesicle formation biological_process nonselective vesicle assembly single organism membrane budding single-organism membrane budding vesicle budding GO:0006900 vesicle budding from membrane The evagination of a membrane, resulting in formation of a vesicle. GOC:jid GOC:tb single organism membrane budding GOC:TermGenie Fusion of the membrane of a transport vesicle with its target membrane. MIPS_funcat:20.09.07.27 biological_process GO:0006906 vesicle fusion Fusion of the membrane of a transport vesicle with its target membrane. GOC:jid A vesicle-mediated transport process that results in the engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes and their delivery to the lysosome. The particles are initially contained within phagocytic vacuoles (phagosomes), which then fuse with primary lysosomes to effect digestion of the particles. MIPS_funcat:36.25.16.01.03 Wikipedia:Phagocytosis biological_process GO:0006909 phagocytosis A vesicle-mediated transport process that results in the engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes and their delivery to the lysosome. The particles are initially contained within phagocytic vacuoles (phagosomes), which then fuse with primary lysosomes to effect digestion of the particles. ISBN:0198506732 The initial step in phagocytosis involving adhesion to bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter, or an apoptotic cell and based on recognition of factors such as bacterial cell wall components, opsonins like complement and antibody or protein receptors and lipids like phosphatidyl serine, and leading to intracellular signaling in the phagocytosing cell. recognition of phagocytosed substance by phagocytic cell biological_process GO:0006910 Note that cell surface molecules involved in the direct binding of bacteria may be also annotated to the molecular function term 'bacterial cell surface binding ; GO:0051635'. Note that cell surface molecules involved in the direct binding to opsonins such as complement components or antibodies may be also annotated to the term 'opsonin binding ; GO:0001846'. phagocytosis, recognition The initial step in phagocytosis involving adhesion to bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter, or an apoptotic cell and based on recognition of factors such as bacterial cell wall components, opsonins like complement and antibody or protein receptors and lipids like phosphatidyl serine, and leading to intracellular signaling in the phagocytosing cell. GOC:curators ISBN:0781735149 The internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis, including the membrane and cytoskeletal processes required, which involves one of three mechanisms: zippering of pseudopods around a target via repeated receptor-ligand interactions, sinking of the target directly into plasma membrane of the phagocytosing cell, or induced uptake via an enhanced membrane ruffling of the phagocytosing cell similar to macropinocytosis. biological_process phagosome biosynthesis phagosome formation GO:0006911 phagocytosis, engulfment The internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis, including the membrane and cytoskeletal processes required, which involves one of three mechanisms: zippering of pseudopods around a target via repeated receptor-ligand interactions, sinking of the target directly into plasma membrane of the phagocytosing cell, or induced uptake via an enhanced membrane ruffling of the phagocytosing cell similar to macropinocytosis. GOC:curators ISBN:0781735149 The directed movement of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. GO:0000063 nucleocytoplasmic shuttling biological_process GO:0006913 Note that transport through the nuclear pore complex is not transmembrane because the nuclear membrane is a double membrane, and is not traversed. nucleocytoplasmic transport The directed movement of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. GOC:go_curators The cellular catabolic process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm; allows for both recycling of macromolecular constituents under conditions of cellular stress and remodeling the intracellular structure for cell differentiation. GO:0016238 Wikipedia:Autophagy_(cellular) biological_process GO:0006914 autophagy The cellular catabolic process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm; allows for both recycling of macromolecular constituents under conditions of cellular stress and remodeling the intracellular structure for cell differentiation. GOC:autophagy ISBN:0198547684 PMID:11099404 PMID:9412464 A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died. GO:0006917 GO:0008632 cell suicide cellular suicide MIPS_funcat:40.10.02 Wikipedia:Apoptosis apoptotic cell death apoptotic programmed cell death programmed cell death by apoptosis activation of apoptosis apoptosis apoptosis signaling apoptotic program type I programmed cell death biological_process apoptosis activator activity caspase-dependent programmed cell death commitment to apoptosis induction of apoptosis induction of apoptosis by p53 signaling (initiator) caspase activity GO:0006915 apoptotic process A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died. GOC:cjm GOC:dhl GOC:ecd GOC:go_curators GOC:mtg_apoptosis GOC:tb ISBN:0198506732 PMID:18846107 PMID:21494263 apoptotic cell death GOC:sl apoptotic program GOC:add The directed, self-propelled movement of a cell or subcellular component without the involvement of an external agent such as a transporter or a pore. MIPS_funcat:02.45.11 MIPS_funcat:34.05 cellular component motion cellular component movement biological_process cell movement GO:0006928 Note that in GO cellular components include whole cells (cell is_a cellular component). movement of cell or subcellular component The directed, self-propelled movement of a cell or subcellular component without the involvement of an external agent such as a transporter or a pore. GOC:dgh GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mlg cellular component motion GOC:dph GOC:jl The directed movement of a motile cell or organism, or the directed growth of a cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis). MIPS_funcat:34.11.03.03 Wikipedia:Chemotaxis taxis in response to chemical stimulus biological_process GO:0006935 chemotaxis The directed movement of a motile cell or organism, or the directed growth of a cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis). ISBN:0198506732 A process in which force is generated within muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. MIPS_funcat:36.25.09 Wikipedia:Muscle_contraction biological_process GO:0006936 muscle contraction A process in which force is generated within muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. GOC:ef GOC:mtg_muscle ISBN:0198506732 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction. MIPS_funcat:36.25.09.05 biological_process GO:0006937 regulation of muscle contraction Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction. GOC:go_curators The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane. Syncytia are normally derived from single cells that fuse or fail to complete cell division. biological_process GO:0006949 syncytium formation The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane. Syncytia are normally derived from single cells that fuse or fail to complete cell division. ISBN:0198506732 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). MIPS_funcat:32.01 biological_process response to abiotic stress response to biotic stress GO:0006950 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). GOC:mah Reactions, triggered in response to the presence of a foreign body or the occurrence of an injury, which result in restriction of damage to the organism attacked or prevention/recovery from the infection caused by the attack. GO:0002217 GO:0042829 defence response physiological defense response biological_process antimicrobial peptide activity defense/immunity protein activity GO:0006952 defense response Reactions, triggered in response to the presence of a foreign body or the occurrence of an injury, which result in restriction of damage to the organism attacked or prevention/recovery from the infection caused by the attack. GOC:go_curators Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. MIPS_funcat:36.25.16 biological_process GO:0006955 This term was improved by GO_REF:0000022. It was redefined and moved. immune response Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. GOC:add GOC:mtg_15nov05 GO_REF:0000022 A defense response that is mediated by cells. GO:0016066 GO:0016067 cellular defence response biological_process GO:0006968 Note that this term refers to any type of defense response made by any cell, whether only a single-celled organism or part of a multicellular organism; also includes responses that occur in the context of multiorganism processes. cellular defense response A defense response that is mediated by cells. GOC:ebc Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell. MIPS_funcat:32.01.03 MIPS_funcat:36.20.35.09.05 osmotic response osmotic stress response biological_process GO:0006970 response to osmotic stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell. GOC:jl Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism. GO:0034984 response to DNA damage stimulus MIPS_funcat:32.01.09 DNA damage response cellular DNA damage response response to genotoxic stress biological_process GO:0006974 cellular response to DNA damage stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism. GOC:go_curators Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals. MIPS_funcat:32.01.01 biological_process GO:0006979 response to oxidative stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals. GOC:jl PMID:12115731 The series of molecular signals generated by the accumulation of normal or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and leading to activation of transcription by NF-kappaB. GO:0006985 EOR ER-overload response endoplasmic reticulum overload response EOR-mediated NF-kappaB activation EOR-mediated activation of NF-kappaB positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity by EOR positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity by ER overload response biological_process GO:0006983 ER overload response The series of molecular signals generated by the accumulation of normal or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and leading to activation of transcription by NF-kappaB. PMID:10390516 EOR-mediated activation of NF-kappaB GOC:dph GOC:tb positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity by EOR GOC:dph GOC:tb Any series of molecular signals that conveys information from the endoplasmic reticulum to the nucleus, usually resulting in a change in transcriptional regulation. ER to nucleus signaling pathway ER to nucleus signalling pathway ER-nuclear signaling pathway ER-nuclear signalling pathway endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling pathway endoplasmic reticulum-nuclear signaling pathway biological_process GO:0006984 ER-nucleus signaling pathway Any series of molecular signals that conveys information from the endoplasmic reticulum to the nucleus, usually resulting in a change in transcriptional regulation. GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an unfolded protein stimulus. biological_process heat shock protein activity GO:0006986 Note that this term should not be confused with 'unfolded protein response ; GO:0030968', which refers to one specific response to the presence of unfolded proteins in the ER. response to unfolded protein Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an unfolded protein stimulus. GOC:jl The activation of genes whose promoters contain a specific sequence elements such as the unfolded protein response element (UPRE; consensus CAGCGTG) or the ER stress-response element (ERSE; CCAAN(N)9CCACG), as a result of signaling via the unfolded protein response. unfolded protein response, target gene transcriptional activation positive regulation of transcription of target genes involved in unfolded protein response unfolded protein response, positive regulation of target gene transcription unfolded protein response, up regulation of target gene transcription unfolded protein response, up-regulation of target gene transcription unfolded protein response, upregulation of target gene transcription unfolded protein response, activation of target gene transcription unfolded protein response, stimulation of target gene transcription biological_process GO:0006990 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in unfolded protein response The activation of genes whose promoters contain a specific sequence elements such as the unfolded protein response element (UPRE; consensus CAGCGTG) or the ER stress-response element (ERSE; CCAAN(N)9CCACG), as a result of signaling via the unfolded protein response. GOC:dph GOC:mah GOC:tb GOC:txnOH PMID:12042763 positive regulation of transcription of target genes involved in unfolded protein response GOC:dph GOC:tb unfolded protein response, positive regulation of target gene transcription GOC:tb A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle within a cell. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. jl 2013-12-19T15:25:51Z GO:1902589 organelle organisation single organism organelle organization biological_process organelle organization and biogenesis single-organism organelle organization GO:0006996 organelle organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle within a cell. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. GOC:mah single organism organelle organization GOC:TermGenie organelle organization and biogenesis GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleus. GO:0048287 MIPS_funcat:42.10 nuclear organisation nuclear organization biological_process nuclear morphology nuclear organization and biogenesis nucleus organization and biogenesis GO:0006997 nucleus organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleus. GOC:dph GOC:ems GOC:jl GOC:mah nuclear organization and biogenesis GOC:mah nucleus organization and biogenesis GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear envelope. MIPS_funcat:42.10.05 nuclear envelope organisation biological_process nuclear envelope organization and biogenesis GO:0006998 nuclear envelope organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear envelope. GOC:dph GOC:ems GOC:jl GOC:mah nuclear envelope organisation GOC:mah nuclear envelope organization and biogenesis GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion; includes mitochondrial morphogenesis and distribution, and replication of the mitochondrial genome as well as synthesis of new mitochondrial components. MIPS_funcat:42.16 mitochondria organization mitochondrion organisation biological_process mitochondrion organization and biogenesis GO:0007005 mitochondrion organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion; includes mitochondrial morphogenesis and distribution, and replication of the mitochondrial genome as well as synthesis of new mitochondrial components. GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mah GOC:sgd_curators PMID:9786946 mitochondria organization GOC:mah mitochondrion organisation GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrial membrane, either of the lipid bilayer surrounding a mitochondrion. mitochondrial membrane organisation biological_process mitochondrial membrane organization and biogenesis GO:0007006 mitochondrial membrane organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrial membrane, either of the lipid bilayer surrounding a mitochondrion. GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mah mitochondrial membrane organization and biogenesis GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. MIPS_funcat:42.04 cytoskeleton organisation biological_process cytoskeletal organization and biogenesis cytoskeletal regulator activity cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis GO:0007010 cytoskeleton organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mah cytoskeletal organization and biogenesis GOC:mah cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments. Includes processes that control the spatial distribution of actin filaments, such as organizing filaments into meshworks, bundles, or other structures, as by cross-linking. actin filament organisation regulation of actin filament localization biological_process GO:0007015 actin filament organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments. Includes processes that control the spatial distribution of actin filaments, such as organizing filaments into meshworks, bundles, or other structures, as by cross-linking. GOC:mah Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the microtubule cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising microtubules and their associated proteins. biological_process GO:0007017 microtubule-based process Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the microtubule cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising microtubules and their associated proteins. GOC:mah A microtubule-based process that results in the movement of organelles, other microtubules, or other cellular components. Examples include motor-driven movement along microtubules and movement driven by polymerization or depolymerization of microtubules. MIPS_funcat:20.09.14.01 biological_process GO:0007018 microtubule-based movement A microtubule-based process that results in the movement of organelles, other microtubules, or other cellular components. Examples include motor-driven movement along microtubules and movement driven by polymerization or depolymerization of microtubules. GOC:cjm ISBN:0815316194 The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of a microtubule. microtubule disassembly microtubule shortening microtubule catastrophe microtubule depolymerization during nuclear congression biological_process GO:0007019 microtubule depolymerization The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of a microtubule. ISBN:0815316194 microtubule catastrophe GOC:dph GOC:tb The process in which tubulin alpha-beta heterodimers begin aggregation to form an oligomeric tubulin structure (a microtubule seed). Microtubule nucleation is the initiating step in the formation of a microtubule in the absence of any existing microtubules ('de novo' microtubule formation). Wikipedia:Microtubule_nucleation biological_process GO:0007020 microtubule nucleation The process in which tubulin alpha-beta heterodimers begin aggregation to form an oligomeric tubulin structure (a microtubule seed). Microtubule nucleation is the initiating step in the formation of a microtubule in the absence of any existing microtubules ('de novo' microtubule formation). GOC:go_curators ISBN:0815316194 PMID:12517712 Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization; prevention of depolymerization of a microtubule can result from binding by 'capping' at the plus end (e.g. by interaction with another cellular protein of structure) or by exposing microtubules to a stabilizing drug such as taxol. down regulation of microtubule depolymerization down-regulation of microtubule depolymerization downregulation of microtubule depolymerization microtubule stabilization negative regulation of microtubule disassembly inhibition of microtubule depolymerization microtubule rescue negative regulation of microtubule catastrophe biological_process GO:0007026 negative regulation of microtubule depolymerization Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization; prevention of depolymerization of a microtubule can result from binding by 'capping' at the plus end (e.g. by interaction with another cellular protein of structure) or by exposing microtubules to a stabilizing drug such as taxol. GOC:mah ISBN:0815316194 microtubule rescue GOC:dph GOC:tb negative regulation of microtubule catastrophe GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the depolymerization of the specialized microtubules of the axoneme. axonemal microtubule stabilization biological_process negative regulation of microtubule depolymerization in axoneme GO:0007027 negative regulation of axonemal microtubule depolymerization Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the depolymerization of the specialized microtubules of the axoneme. GOC:dph GOC:mah negative regulation of microtubule depolymerization in axoneme GOC:dph A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm is all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. MIPS_funcat:42.03 cytoplasm organisation biological_process cytoplasm organization and biogenesis GO:0007028 cytoplasm organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm is all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. GOC:curators GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mah cytoplasm organization and biogenesis GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a peroxisome. A peroxisome is a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules. MIPS_funcat:42.19 peroxisome organisation biological_process peroxisome organization and biogenesis peroxisome-assembly ATPase activity GO:0007031 peroxisome organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a peroxisome. A peroxisome is a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules. GOC:mah peroxisome organization and biogenesis GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole. GO:0044086 MIPS_funcat:42.25 vacuole organisation vacuolar assembly biological_process vacuole biogenesis vacuole organization and biogenesis GO:0007033 vacuole organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole. GOC:mah vacuolar assembly GOC:mah vacuole biogenesis GOC:mah vacuole organization and biogenesis GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein in the vacuole, usually by the action of vacuolar proteases. MIPS_funcat:14.13.04 MIPS_funcat:14.13.04.02 biological_process vacuolar protein breakdown vacuolar protein catabolic process vacuolar protein catabolism vacuolar protein degradation GO:0007039 protein catabolic process in the vacuole The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein in the vacuole, usually by the action of vacuolar proteases. GOC:mah GOC:vw A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lysosome. A lysosome is a cytoplasmic, membrane-bounded organelle that is found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases. MIPS_funcat:42.25 lysosome organisation biological_process lysosome organization and biogenesis GO:0007040 lysosome organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lysosome. A lysosome is a cytoplasmic, membrane-bounded organelle that is found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases. GOC:mah lysosome organization and biogenesis GOC:mah The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division. MIPS_funcat:10 MIPS_funcat:10.03 Wikipedia:Cell_cycle cell-division cycle biological_process GO:0007049 cell cycle The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division. GOC:go_curators GOC:mtg_cell_cycle A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during DNA segregation and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart. GO:0043146 spindle organisation biological_process spindle organization and biogenesis spindle stabilization GO:0007051 spindle organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during DNA segregation and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart. GOC:go_curators GOC:mah spindle organization and biogenesis GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle during a mitotic cell cycle. GO:0000071 GO:0030472 GO:0043148 mitotic spindle organisation spindle organization and biogenesis during mitosis mitotic spindle organisation in nucleus mitotic spindle organization and biogenesis in cell nucleus mitotic spindle organization and biogenesis in nucleus mitotic spindle organization in nucleus spindle organization and biogenesis in nucleus during mitosis biological_process mitotic spindle organization and biogenesis mitotic spindle stabilization GO:0007052 In fission yeast most mitotic spindle organization occurs in the nucleus; see https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/15341. mitotic spindle organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle during a mitotic cell cycle. GOC:go_curators GOC:mah mitotic spindle organization and biogenesis GOC:mah The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle in males. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. biological_process GO:0007053 spindle assembly involved in male meiosis The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle in males. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. GOC:mah The formation of the spindle during meiosis I of a meiotic cell cycle in males. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. biological_process male meiosis I spindle assembly GO:0007054 spindle assembly involved in male meiosis I The formation of the spindle during meiosis I of a meiotic cell cycle in males. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. GOC:mah The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle in females. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. biological_process female meiotic spindle assembly GO:0007056 spindle assembly involved in female meiosis The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle in females. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. GOC:mah The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during meiosis I of a meiotic cell cycle in females. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. biological_process female meiosis I spindle assembly GO:0007057 spindle assembly involved in female meiosis I The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during meiosis I of a meiotic cell cycle in females. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. GOC:mah The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. In eukaryotes, chromosome segregation begins with the condensation of chromosomes, includes chromosome separation, and ends when chromosomes have completed movement to the spindle poles. MIPS_funcat:10.03.04 MIPS_funcat:10.03.04.05 Wikipedia:Chromosome_segregation chromosome division biological_process chromosome transmission GO:0007059 chromosome segregation The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. In eukaryotes, chromosome segregation begins with the condensation of chromosomes, includes chromosome separation, and ends when chromosomes have completed movement to the spindle poles. GOC:jl GOC:mah GOC:mtg_cell_cycle GOC:vw The cell cycle process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during the meiotic cell cycle in a male. biological_process GO:0007060 male meiosis chromosome segregation The cell cycle process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during the meiotic cell cycle in a male. GOC:ai The cell cycle process in which chromatin structure is compacted prior to and during mitosis in eukaryotic cells. biological_process GO:0007076 mitotic chromosome condensation The cell cycle process in which chromatin structure is compacted prior to and during mitosis in eukaryotic cells. GOC:mah ISBN:0815316194 The cell cycle process in which the controlled breakdown of the nuclear envelope during mitotic cell division occurs. mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism mitotic nuclear envelope degradation biological_process GO:0007077 mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly The cell cycle process in which the controlled breakdown of the nuclear envelope during mitotic cell division occurs. GOC:bf The cell cycle process in which chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the mitotic spindle, during mitosis. biological_process GO:0007080 mitotic metaphase plate congression The cell cycle process in which chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the mitotic spindle, during mitosis. GOC:mah ISBN:0815316194 The cell cycle process that results in reformation of the nuclear envelope during mitotic cell division. biological_process GO:0007084 mitotic nuclear envelope reassembly The cell cycle process that results in reformation of the nuclear envelope during mitotic cell division. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis. regulation of mitosis biological_process GO:0007088 regulation of mitotic nuclear division Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis. GOC:go_curators The cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, triggered by the activation of the anaphase promoting complex by Cdc20/Sleepy homolog which results in the degradation of Securin. metaphase/anaphase transition by anaphase-promoting complex-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition biological_process GO:0007091 metaphase/anaphase transition of mitotic cell cycle The cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, triggered by the activation of the anaphase promoting complex by Cdc20/Sleepy homolog which results in the degradation of Securin. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle PMID:10465783 metaphase/anaphase transition by anaphase-promoting complex-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process GOC:vw A cell cycle checkpoint that ensures accurate chromosome replication and segregation by preventing progression through a mitotic cell cycle until conditions are suitable for the cell to proceed to the next stage. GO:0031575 GO:0071780 biological_process mitotic checkpoint GO:0007093 mitotic cell cycle checkpoint A cell cycle checkpoint that ensures accurate chromosome replication and segregation by preventing progression through a mitotic cell cycle until conditions are suitable for the cell to proceed to the next stage. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle A cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a mitotic nuclear division until the spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle. GO:0044810 mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint Dma1-dependent checkpoint Mad2-dependent checkpoint SAC-independent checkpoint biological_process GO:0007094 mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint A cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a mitotic nuclear division until the spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle PMID:12360190 The directed movement of the nucleus to a specific location within a cell. GO:0040023 MIPS_funcat:10.03.04.09 establishment of position of nucleus nuclear movement nuclear positioning nucleus migration nucleus positioning positioning of nucleus biological_process establishment of cell nucleus localization establishment of localization of nucleus establishment of nucleus localisation establishment of nucleus localization GO:0007097 nuclear migration The directed movement of the nucleus to a specific location within a cell. GOC:ai establishment of nucleus localisation GOC:mah A cell cycle process that occurs as part of the male meiotic cell cycle and results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell to produce two daughter cells. cytokinesis after male meiosis cytokinesis involved in male meiotic cell cycle biological_process GO:0007112 male meiosis cytokinesis A cell cycle process that occurs as part of the male meiotic cell cycle and results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell to produce two daughter cells. GOC:ai cytokinesis after male meiosis GOC:dph GOC:tb cytokinesis involved in male meiotic cell cycle GOC:dph GOC:tb The first meiotic nuclear division in which homologous chromosomes are paired and segregated from each other, producing two haploid daughter nuclei. MIPS_funcat:10.03.02.01 Wikipedia:Meiosis#Meiosis_I meiosis I nuclear division biological_process GO:0007127 meiosis I The first meiotic nuclear division in which homologous chromosomes are paired and segregated from each other, producing two haploid daughter nuclei. GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mtg_cell_cycle PMID:9334324 The meiotic cell cycle process where side by side pairing and physical juxtaposition of homologous chromosomes is created during meiotic prophase. Synapsis begins when the chromosome arms begin to pair from the clustered telomeres and ends when synaptonemal complex or linear element assembly is complete. Wikipedia:Synapsis chromosomal synapsis homologous chromosome pairing at meiosis biological_process chromosomal pairing GO:0007129 synapsis The meiotic cell cycle process where side by side pairing and physical juxtaposition of homologous chromosomes is created during meiotic prophase. Synapsis begins when the chromosome arms begin to pair from the clustered telomeres and ends when synaptonemal complex or linear element assembly is complete. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle PMID:22582262 PMID:23117617 chromosomal synapsis GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb chromosomal pairing GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase I of meiosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts. biological_process GO:0007134 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). meiotic telophase I The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase I of meiosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle A cell cycle process by which the cell nucleus divides as part of a meiotic cell cycle in the male germline. male nuclear division biological_process male meiosis GO:0007140 male meiotic nuclear division A cell cycle process by which the cell nucleus divides as part of a meiotic cell cycle in the male germline. GOC:dph GOC:mah GOC:vw A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through male meiosis I, the first meiotic division in the male germline. male meiosis I nuclear division biological_process GO:0007141 male meiosis I A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through male meiosis I, the first meiotic division in the male germline. GOC:dph GOC:mah A cell cycle process by which the cell nucleus divides as part of a meiotic cell cycle in the female germline. female meiosis female meiotic division biological_process GO:0007143 Note that female germ lines can be found in female or hermaphroditic organisms, so this term can be used to annotate gene products from hermaphrodites such as those of C. elegans. See also the biological process term 'meiotic nuclear division; GO:0140013'. female meiotic nuclear division A cell cycle process by which the cell nucleus divides as part of a meiotic cell cycle in the female germline. GOC:dph GOC:ems GOC:mah GOC:vw The cell cycle process in which the first meiotic division occurs in the female germline. female meiosis I nuclear division biological_process GO:0007144 female meiosis I The cell cycle process in which the first meiotic division occurs in the female germline. GOC:mah Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. Wikipedia:Cell_signaling biological_process GO:0007154 cell communication Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. GOC:mah The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules. davidos 2014-04-15T15:59:10Z GO:0098602 MIPS_funcat:34.07 Wikipedia:Cell_adhesion biological_process cell adhesion molecule activity single organism cell adhesion GO:0007155 cell adhesion The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules. GOC:hb GOC:pf Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion. down regulation of cell adhesion down-regulation of cell adhesion downregulation of cell adhesion inhibition of cell adhesion biological_process cell adhesion receptor inhibitor activity GO:0007162 negative regulation of cell adhesion Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion. GOC:go_curators Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns. GO:0030012 GO:0030467 biological_process cell polarity establishment and/or maintenance of cell polarity establishment and/or maintenance of cell polarization GO:0007163 establishment or maintenance of cell polarity Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns. GOC:mah cell polarity GOC:mah GOC:vw The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. GO:0023033 MIPS_funcat:30 Wikipedia:Signal_transduction signaling cascade signalling cascade biological_process signaling pathway signalling pathway GO:0007165 Note that signal transduction is defined broadly to include a ligand interacting with a receptor, downstream signaling steps and a response being triggered. A change in form of the signal in every step is not necessary. Note that in many cases the end of this process is regulation of the initiation of transcription. Note that specific transcription factors may be annotated to this term, but core/general transcription machinery such as RNA polymerase should not. signal transduction The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. GOC:go_curators GOC:mtg_signaling_feb11 signalling pathway GOC:mah Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions. cell-cell signalling biological_process GO:0007267 cell-cell signaling Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions. GOC:dos GOC:mah The vesicular release of classical neurotransmitter molecules from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of neurotransmitter receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse. signal transmission across a synapse synaptic transmission MIPS_funcat:34.03.01 Wikipedia:Neurotransmission biological_process neurotransmission GO:0007268 chemical synaptic transmission The vesicular release of classical neurotransmitter molecules from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of neurotransmitter receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse. GOC:jl MeSH:D009435 neurotransmission GOC:dph The regulated release of neurotransmitter from the presynapse into the synaptic cleft via calcium-regulated exocytosis during synaptic transmission. GO:0010554 neurotransmitter release neurotransmitter secretory pathway biological_process GO:0007269 A neurotransmitter is any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. Among the many substances that have the properties of a neurotransmitter are acetylcholine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, glycine, gamma-aminobutyrate, glutamic acid, substance P, enkephalins, endorphins and serotonin. neurotransmitter secretion The regulated release of neurotransmitter from the presynapse into the synaptic cleft via calcium-regulated exocytosis during synaptic transmission. GOC:dph The vesicular release of acetylcholine from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of dopamine receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse. biological_process GO:0007271 synaptic transmission, cholinergic The vesicular release of acetylcholine from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of dopamine receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse. GOC:dos Wikipedia:Cholinergic The process of synaptic transmission from a neuron to a muscle, across a synapse. biological_process GO:0007274 neuromuscular synaptic transmission The process of synaptic transmission from a neuron to a muscle, across a synapse. GOC:dos GOC:jl MeSH:D009435 The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). MIPS_funcat:41 biological_process GO:0007275 Note that this term was 'developmental process'. multicellular organism development The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). GOC:dph GOC:ems GOC:isa_complete GOC:tb The generation and maintenance of gametes in a multicellular organism. A gamete is a haploid reproductive cell. GO:0009552 MIPS_funcat:41.05.25 biological_process gametogenesis GO:0007276 gamete generation The generation and maintenance of gametes in a multicellular organism. A gamete is a haploid reproductive cell. GOC:ems GOC:mtg_sensu The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an immature germ cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure (gamete). A germ cell is any reproductive cell in a multicellular organism. MIPS_funcat:43.03.02 germ-cell development primordial germ cell development biological_process GO:0007281 germ cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an immature germ cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure (gamete). A germ cell is any reproductive cell in a multicellular organism. GOC:go_curators The developmental process by which male germ line stem cells self renew or give rise to successive cell types resulting in the development of a spermatozoa. Wikipedia:Spermatogenesis generation of spermatozoa biological_process GO:0007283 spermatogenesis The developmental process by which male germ line stem cells self renew or give rise to successive cell types resulting in the development of a spermatozoa. GOC:jid ISBN:9780878933846 PMID:28073824 PMID:30990821 generation of spermatozoa The phase of growth and gene expression that male germ cells undergo as they enter the spermatocyte stage. The cells grow in volume and transcribe most of the gene products needed for the morphological events that follow meiosis. biological_process GO:0007285 primary spermatocyte growth The phase of growth and gene expression that male germ cells undergo as they enter the spermatocyte stage. The cells grow in volume and transcribe most of the gene products needed for the morphological events that follow meiosis. GOC:jid ISBN:0879694238 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Wikipedia:Spermiogenesis spermatid cell development spermiogenesis biological_process GO:0007286 spermatid development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from its formation to the mature structure. GOC:dph GOC:go_curators The specialization of the spermatid nucleus during the development of a spermatid into a mature male gamete competent for fertilization. spermatid nuclear differentiation biological_process GO:0007289 See also the Cell Ontology term 'spermatid ; CL:0000018'. spermatid nucleus differentiation The specialization of the spermatid nucleus during the development of a spermatid into a mature male gamete competent for fertilization. GOC:bf GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mah Generation of the female gamete; specialised haploid cells produced by meiosis and along with a male gamete takes part in sexual reproduction. biological_process GO:0007292 female gamete generation Generation of the female gamete; specialised haploid cells produced by meiosis and along with a male gamete takes part in sexual reproduction. GOC:dph ISBN:0198506732 The production of yolk. Yolk is a mixture of materials used for embryonic nutrition. Wikipedia:Vitellogenesis yolk formation yolk production biological_process GO:0007296 vitellogenesis The production of yolk. Yolk is a mixture of materials used for embryonic nutrition. GOC:dph ISBN:0879694238 yolk production The introduction of semen or sperm into the genital tract of a female. Wikipedia:Insemination biological_process GO:0007320 insemination The introduction of semen or sperm into the genital tract of a female. ISBN:0582227089 The union of male and female gametes to form a zygote. MIPS_funcat:41.05.01 biological_process zygote biosynthesis zygote formation GO:0007338 single fertilization The union of male and female gametes to form a zygote. GOC:ems GOC:mtg_sensu Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progress through the mitotic cell cycle. mitotic cell cycle modulation mitotic cell cycle regulation modulation of mitotic cell cycle progression regulation of mitotic cell cycle progression regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle biological_process mitotic cell cycle regulator GO:0007346 regulation of mitotic cell cycle Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progress through the mitotic cell cycle. GOC:dph GOC:go_curators GOC:tb regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle GOC:dph GOC:tb A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. MIPS_funcat:41.05.09 Wikipedia:Gastrulation biological_process GO:0007369 gastrulation A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. GOC:curators ISBN:9780878933846 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, the ectoderm is the outer germ layer of the embryo, formed during gastrulation. biological_process GO:0007398 ectoderm development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, the ectoderm is the outer germ layer of the embryo, formed during gastrulation. GOC:dph GOC:tb The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state. MIPS_funcat:45.03.17 MIPS_funcat:47.03.01 biological_process pan-neural process GO:0007399 nervous system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state. GOC:dgh De novo generation of a long process of a neuron, including the terminal branched region. Refers to the morphogenesis or creation of shape or form of the developing axon, which carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells. GO:0007410 axon morphogenesis neuron long process generation axon growth biological_process GO:0007409 Note that 'axonogenesis' differs from 'axon development' in that the latter also covers other processes, such as axon regeneration (regrowth after loss or damage, not necessarily of the whole axon). axonogenesis De novo generation of a long process of a neuron, including the terminal branched region. Refers to the morphogenesis or creation of shape or form of the developing axon, which carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells. GOC:dph GOC:jid GOC:pg GOC:pr ISBN:0198506732 axon morphogenesis GOC:bf PMID:23517308 neuron long process generation The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. GO:0008040 Wikipedia:Axon_guidance axon pathfinding axon growth cone guidance biological_process axon chemotaxis GO:0007411 axon guidance The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. ISBN:0878932437 axon pathfinding GOC:mah The collection of axons into a bundle of rods, known as a fascicle. biological_process fasciculation of neuron GO:0007413 axonal fasciculation The collection of axons into a bundle of rods, known as a fascicle. GOC:dgh The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse. This process ends when the synapse is mature (functional). Wikipedia:Synaptogenesis synapse biogenesis synaptogenesis biological_process GO:0007416 synapse assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse. This process ends when the synapse is mature (functional). GOC:mah synapse biogenesis GOC:mah synaptogenesis GOC:mah The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endoderm is the innermost germ layer that develops into the gastrointestinal tract, the lungs and associated tissues. biological_process GO:0007492 endoderm development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endoderm is the innermost germ layer that develops into the gastrointestinal tract, the lungs and associated tissues. GOC:dph GOC:tb The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesoderm is the middle germ layer that develops into muscle, bone, cartilage, blood and connective tissue. biological_process GO:0007498 mesoderm development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesoderm is the middle germ layer that develops into muscle, bone, cartilage, blood and connective tissue. GOC:dph GOC:tb The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The muscle is an organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work. MIPS_funcat:45.03.12 biological_process GO:0007517 muscle organ development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The muscle is an organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work. GOC:jid ISBN:0198506732 Any process that establishes and transmits the specification of sexual status of an individual organism. Wikipedia:Sex-determination_system biological_process GO:0007530 sex determination Any process that establishes and transmits the specification of sexual status of an individual organism. ISBN:0198506732 The establishment of the sex of an organism by physical differentiation. MIPS_funcat:41.05.23 Wikipedia:Sexual_differentiation biological_process GO:0007548 sex differentiation The establishment of the sex of an organism by physical differentiation. GOC:ai Compensating for the variation in the unpaired sex chromosome:autosome chromosome ratios between sexes by activation or inactivation of genes on one or both of the sex chromosomes. Wikipedia:Dosage_compensation biological_process GO:0007549 dosage compensation Compensating for the variation in the unpaired sex chromosome:autosome chromosome ratios between sexes by activation or inactivation of genes on one or both of the sex chromosomes. GOC:ems ISBN:0140512888 PMID:11498577 A developmental process that is a deterioration and loss of function over time. Aging includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well as wear and tear. Aging includes cellular senescence, but is more inclusive. May precede death and may succeed developmental maturation (GO:0021700). GO:0016280 Wikipedia:Aging ageing biological_process GO:0007568 aging A developmental process that is a deterioration and loss of function over time. Aging includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well as wear and tear. Aging includes cellular senescence, but is more inclusive. May precede death and may succeed developmental maturation (GO:0021700). GOC:PO_curators The elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. These products include water, carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogenous compounds. MIPS_funcat:36.05 Wikipedia:Excretion biological_process GO:0007588 excretion The elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. These products include water, carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogenous compounds. ISBN:0192801023 The internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of animals (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli, via a mechanism that involves nervous system activity. janelomax 2012-09-20T14:06:08Z GO:0044708 Wikipedia:Behavior behavioral response to stimulus behaviour behavioural response to stimulus biological_process single-organism behavior GO:0007610 1. Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation reviews. 2. While a broader definition of behavior encompassing plants and single cell organisms would be justified on the basis of some usage (see PMID:20160973 for discussion), GO uses a tight definition that limits behavior to animals and to responses involving the nervous system, excluding plant responses that GO classifies under development, and responses of unicellular organisms that has general classifications for covering the responses of cells in multicellular organisms (e.g. cell chemotaxis). behavior The internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of animals (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli, via a mechanism that involves nervous system activity. GOC:ems GOC:jl ISBN:0395448956 PMID:20160973 The acquisition and processing of information and/or the storage and retrieval of this information over time. MIPS_funcat:36.25.03.04.01 biological_process GO:0007611 learning or memory The acquisition and processing of information and/or the storage and retrieval of this information over time. GOC:jid PMID:8938125 Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs as the result of experience. Wikipedia:Learning biological_process GO:0007612 learning Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs as the result of experience. ISBN:0582227089 ISBN:0721662544 The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task). Wikipedia:Memory biological_process GO:0007613 memory The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task). GOC:curators ISBN:0582227089 The behavioral interactions between organisms for the purpose of mating, or sexual reproduction resulting in the formation of zygotes. Wikipedia:Mating_behaviour mating behaviour biological_process GO:0007617 mating behavior The behavioral interactions between organisms for the purpose of mating, or sexual reproduction resulting in the formation of zygotes. GOC:ai GOC:dph The pairwise union of individuals for the purpose of sexual reproduction, ultimately resulting in the formation of zygotes. biological_process GO:0007618 mating The pairwise union of individuals for the purpose of sexual reproduction, ultimately resulting in the formation of zygotes. GOC:jl ISBN:0387520546 The act of sexual union between male and female, involving the transfer of sperm. biological_process GO:0007620 copulation The act of sexual union between male and female, involving the transfer of sperm. ISBN:0721662544 The specific behavior of an organism that recur with measured regularity. rhythmic behavioral response to stimulus rhythmic behaviour rhythmic behavioural response to stimulus biological_process GO:0007622 rhythmic behavior The specific behavior of an organism that recur with measured regularity. GOC:jl GOC:pr Any biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. GO:0050895 Wikipedia:Circadian_rhythm circadian process biological_process circadian response response to circadian rhythm GO:0007623 circadian rhythm Any biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. GOC:bf GOC:go_curators The specific actions or reactions of an organism that recur with a regularity more frequent than every 24 hours. biological_process GO:0007624 ultradian rhythm The specific actions or reactions of an organism that recur with a regularity more frequent than every 24 hours. GOC:jl PMID:19708721 The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Locomotion of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions. behavior via locomotion locomotion in response to stimulus locomotory behavioral response to stimulus locomotory behaviour locomotory behavioural response to stimulus biological_process GO:0007626 locomotory behavior The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Locomotion of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions. GOC:dph Behavior associated with the intake of food. MIPS_funcat:36.03 Wikipedia:List_of_feeding_behaviours behavioral response to food behavioural response to food feeding behaviour drinking eating biological_process GO:0007631 See also the biological process term 'behavior ; GO:0007610'. feeding behavior Behavior associated with the intake of food. GOC:mah Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of chemicals. behavioral response to chemical stimulus behavioural response to chemical stimulus chemosensory behaviour biological_process GO:0007635 chemosensory behavior Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of chemicals. GOC:go_curators A secretory organelle, typically 50 nm in diameter, of presynaptic nerve terminals; accumulates in high concentrations of neurotransmitters and secretes these into the synaptic cleft by fusion with the 'active zone' of the presynaptic plasma membrane. NIF_Subcellular:sao1071221672 Wikipedia:Synaptic_vesicle docked vesicle cellular_component GO:0008021 This term should not be confused with GO:0097547 'synaptic vesicle protein transport vesicle'. STVs and synaptic vesicles differ both functionally and morphologically. Functionally, STVs are transport vesicles that deliver synaptic vesicle proteins to synapses, while synaptic vesicles are responsible for transmitter release at synapses. Morphologically, synaptic vesicles are very homogeneous, while STVs are very heterogeneous in size and shape. STVs might be a precursor for synaptic vesicles. synaptic vesicle A secretory organelle, typically 50 nm in diameter, of presynaptic nerve terminals; accumulates in high concentrations of neurotransmitters and secretes these into the synaptic cleft by fusion with the 'active zone' of the presynaptic plasma membrane. PMID:10099709 PMID:12563290 docked vesicle NIF_Subcellular:sao403156667 The process in which a cell in an organism interprets its surroundings. recognition of surroundings by cell biological_process GO:0008037 cell recognition The process in which a cell in an organism interprets its surroundings. GOC:go_curators The process in which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism interprets its surroundings. neuronal cell recognition biological_process GO:0008038 neuron recognition The process in which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism interprets its surroundings. GOC:go_curators The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules in neuron projections. Wikipedia:Axoplasmic_transport axon cargo transport axonal transport axoplasmic transport biological_process GO:0008088 axo-dendritic transport The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules in neuron projections. ISBN:0815316194 The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules from the cell body toward the cell periphery in nerve cell axons. anterograde axon cargo transport biological_process GO:0008089 anterograde axonal transport The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules from the cell body toward the cell periphery in nerve cell axons. ISBN:0815316194 Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. GO:0008105 MIPS_funcat:18.01.03 protein localisation biological_process asymmetric protein localisation asymmetric protein localization establishment and maintenance of asymmetric protein localization establishment and maintenance of protein localization GO:0008104 protein localization Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. GOC:ai protein localisation GOC:mah asymmetric protein localisation GOC:mah A biological process represents a specific objective that the organism is genetically programmed to achieve. Biological processes are often described by their outcome or ending state, e.g., the biological process of cell division results in the creation of two daughter cells (a divided cell) from a single parent cell. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. janelomax 2012-09-19T15:05:24Z GO:0000004 GO:0007582 GO:0044699 Wikipedia:Biological_process biological process physiological process biological_process single organism process single-organism process GO:0008150 Note that, in addition to forming the root of the biological process ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose biological process is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the biological process of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code "no data" (ND), is used to indicate this. biological_process A biological process represents a specific objective that the organism is genetically programmed to achieve. Biological processes are often described by their outcome or ending state, e.g., the biological process of cell division results in the creation of two daughter cells (a divided cell) from a single parent cell. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. GOC:pdt The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation. janelomax 2012-10-17T15:46:40Z GO:0044236 GO:0044710 MIPS_funcat:01 Wikipedia:Metabolism metabolism metabolic process resulting in cell growth metabolism resulting in cell growth multicellular organism metabolic process biological_process single-organism metabolic process GO:0008152 Note that metabolic processes do not include single functions or processes such as protein-protein interactions, protein-nucleic acids, nor receptor-ligand interactions. metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198547684 Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication. down regulation of DNA replication down-regulation of DNA replication downregulation of DNA replication inhibition of DNA replication biological_process DNA replication inhibitor GO:0008156 negative regulation of DNA replication Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication. GOC:go_curators The addition of an alkyl group to a protein amino acid. An alkyl group is any group derived from an alkane by removal of one hydrogen atom. protein amino acid alkylation biological_process GO:0008213 protein alkylation The addition of an alkyl group to a protein amino acid. An alkyl group is any group derived from an alkane by removal of one hydrogen atom. GOC:ma protein amino acid alkylation GOC:bf Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell. A cell should be considered dead when any one of the following molecular or morphological criteria is met: (1) the cell has lost the integrity of its plasma membrane; (2) the cell, including its nucleus, has undergone complete fragmentation into discrete bodies (frequently referred to as apoptotic bodies). The cell corpse (or its fragments) may be engulfed by an adjacent cell in vivo, but engulfment of whole cells should not be considered a strict criteria to define cell death as, under some circumstances, live engulfed cells can be released from phagosomes (see PMID:18045538). MIPS_funcat:40.10 biological_process accidental cell death necrosis GO:0008219 This term should not be used for direct annotation. The only exception should be when experimental data (e.g., staining with trypan blue or propidium iodide) show that cell death has occurred, but fail to provide details on death modality (accidental versus programmed). When information is provided on the cell death mechanism, annotations should be made to the appropriate descendant of 'cell death' (such as, but not limited to, GO:0097300 'programmed necrotic cell death' or GO:0006915 'apoptotic process'). Also, if experimental data suggest that a gene product influences cell death indirectly, rather than being involved in the death process directly, consider annotating to a 'regulation' term. cell death Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell. A cell should be considered dead when any one of the following molecular or morphological criteria is met: (1) the cell has lost the integrity of its plasma membrane; (2) the cell, including its nucleus, has undergone complete fragmentation into discrete bodies (frequently referred to as apoptotic bodies). The cell corpse (or its fragments) may be engulfed by an adjacent cell in vivo, but engulfment of whole cells should not be considered a strict criteria to define cell death as, under some circumstances, live engulfed cells can be released from phagosomes (see PMID:18045538). GOC:mah GOC:mtg_apoptosis PMID:25236395 The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. biological_process cell proliferation GO:0008283 This term was moved out from being a child of 'cellular process' because it is a cell population-level process, and cellular processes are restricted to those processes that involve individual cells. Also note that this term is intended to be used for the proliferation of cells within a multicellular organism, not for the expansion of a population of single-celled organisms. cell population proliferation The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. GOC:mah GOC:mb Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation. up regulation of cell proliferation up-regulation of cell proliferation upregulation of cell proliferation activation of cell proliferation stimulation of cell proliferation biological_process positive regulation of cell proliferation GO:0008284 positive regulation of cell population proliferation Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation. down regulation of cell proliferation down-regulation of cell proliferation downregulation of cell proliferation inhibition of cell proliferation biological_process negative regulation of cell proliferation GO:0008285 negative regulation of cell population proliferation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation. GOC:go_curators The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues. acetylcholine metabolism biological_process GO:0008291 acetylcholine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues. GOC:jl GOC:nln ISBN:0192800752 The activity of binding selectively and non-covalently to and distorting the original structure of DNA, typically a straight helix, into a bend, or increasing the bend if the original structure was intrinsically bent due to its sequence. DNA bending activity DNA bending involving DNA binding molecular_function GO:0008301 DNA binding, bending The activity of binding selectively and non-covalently to and distorting the original structure of DNA, typically a straight helix, into a bend, or increasing the bend if the original structure was intrinsically bent due to its sequence. GOC:krc GOC:vw PMID:10710711 PMID:19037758 Learning by associating a stimulus (the cause) with a particular outcome (the effect). Wikipedia:Learning#Associative_learning Pavlovian conditioning classical conditioning conditional learning conditional response biological_process GO:0008306 associative learning Learning by associating a stimulus (the cause) with a particular outcome (the effect). ISBN:0582227089 The orderly movement of a cell specialized to produce haploid gametes through the embryo from its site of production to the place where the gonads will form. germ-cell migration biological_process primordial germ cell migration GO:0008354 germ cell migration The orderly movement of a cell specialized to produce haploid gametes through the embryo from its site of production to the place where the gonads will form. GOC:bf GOC:jl The asymmetric division of cells to produce two daughter cells with different developmental potentials. It is of fundamental significance for the generation of cell diversity. Wikipedia:Asymmetric_cell_division asymmetrical cell division biological_process asymmetric cytokinesis asymmetrical cytokinesis GO:0008356 asymmetric cell division The asymmetric division of cells to produce two daughter cells with different developmental potentials. It is of fundamental significance for the generation of cell diversity. PMID:11672519 Any process that modulates the size of a cell. MIPS_funcat:40.01.05 cell size control biological_process GO:0008361 regulation of cell size Any process that modulates the size of a cell. GOC:go_curators The process of removing sections of the primary RNA transcript to remove sequences not present in the mature form of the RNA and joining the remaining sections to form the mature form of the RNA. GO:0006395 MIPS_funcat:11.04.03.01 Wikipedia:RNA_splicing biological_process pre-mRNA splicing factor activity GO:0008380 RNA splicing The process of removing sections of the primary RNA transcript to remove sequences not present in the mature form of the RNA and joining the remaining sections to form the mature form of the RNA. GOC:krc GOC:mah The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gonad is an animal organ that produces gametes; in some species it also produces hormones. gonadogenesis biological_process GO:0008406 gonad development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gonad is an animal organ that produces gametes; in some species it also produces hormones. GOC:ems ISBN:0198506732 gonadogenesis GOC:cjm The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure. MIPS_funcat:47.03.15.07 testicular development testis development biological_process GO:0008584 male gonad development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure. GOC:jid testicular development GOC:sl testis development GOC:sl The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. MIPS_funcat:01.06.01 lipid anabolism lipid biosynthesis lipid formation lipid synthesis lipogenesis biological_process GO:0008610 lipid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. GOC:go_curators lipogenesis GOC:sl A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. biological_process DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis GO:0008630 intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. GOC:go_curators GOC:mtg_apoptosis The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, including the breakdown of carbon compounds with the liberation of energy for use by the cell or organism. janelomax 2012-10-17T15:52:35Z GO:0044243 GO:0044712 Wikipedia:Catabolism breakdown catabolism degradation multicellular organismal catabolic process biological_process single-organism catabolic process GO:0009056 catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, including the breakdown of carbon compounds with the liberation of energy for use by the cell or organism. ISBN:0198547684 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. GO:0043285 GO:0044266 biopolymer catabolic process macromolecule breakdown macromolecule catabolism macromolecule degradation multicellular organismal macromolecule catabolic process biological_process GO:0009057 macromolecule catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. GOC:mah biopolymer catabolic process GOC:mtg_chebi_dec09 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances; typically the energy-requiring part of metabolism in which simpler substances are transformed into more complex ones. janelomax 2012-10-17T15:52:18Z GO:0044274 GO:0044711 formation Wikipedia:Anabolism anabolism biosynthesis synthesis multicellular organismal biosynthetic process biological_process single-organism biosynthetic process GO:0009058 biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances; typically the energy-requiring part of metabolism in which simpler substances are transformed into more complex ones. GOC:curators ISBN:0198547684 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. GO:0043284 biopolymer biosynthetic process macromolecule anabolism macromolecule biosynthesis macromolecule formation macromolecule synthesis biological_process GO:0009059 macromolecule biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. GOC:mah biopolymer biosynthetic process GOC:mtg_chebi_dec09 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temperature stimulus. MIPS_funcat:34.11.09 response to thermal stimulus biological_process GO:0009266 response to temperature stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temperature stimulus. GOC:hb Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. MIPS_funcat:32.01.04 MIPS_funcat:34.11.03.11 MIPS_funcat:36.20.35.09.03 biological_process GO:0009268 response to pH Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. GOC:jl http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a desiccation stimulus, extreme dryness resulting from the prolonged deprivation of water. biological_process desiccation tolerance GO:0009269 response to desiccation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a desiccation stimulus, extreme dryness resulting from the prolonged deprivation of water. GOC:jl The region of a virus, bacterial cell, mitochondrion or chloroplast to which the nucleic acid is confined. Wikipedia:Nucleoid cellular_component GO:0009295 nucleoid The region of a virus, bacterial cell, mitochondrion or chloroplast to which the nucleic acid is confined. GOC:bm GOC:ma ISBN:3540076689 The cellular synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template. GO:0061023 mRNA biosynthesis mRNA biosynthetic process mRNA synthesis MIPS_funcat:11.02.03 cellular mRNA transcription biological_process GO:0009299 mRNA transcription The cellular synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template. GOC:jl The controlled release of proteins from a cell. GO:0045166 GO:0045731 glycoprotein secretion protein secretion during cell fate commitment protein secretion resulting in cell fate commitment biological_process GO:0009306 protein secretion The controlled release of proteins from a cell. GOC:ai The chemical reactions and pathways involving any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom. amine metabolism biological_process GO:0009308 amine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom. GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation. MIPS_funcat:32.01.13 response to electromagnetic radiation stimulus response to radiation stimulus biological_process GO:0009314 Note that 'radiation' refers to electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength. response to radiation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation. GOC:jl Wikipedia:Electromagnetic_radiation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism. GO:0006951 MIPS_funcat:32.01.05 response to heat shock biological_process GO:0009408 response to heat Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism. GOC:lr Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a xenobiotic compound stimulus. Xenobiotic compounds are compounds foreign to living organisms. GO:0017104 biological_process GO:0009410 response to xenobiotic stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a xenobiotic compound stimulus. Xenobiotic compounds are compounds foreign to living organisms. GOC:jl Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers. response to UV light stimulus response to UV radiation stimulus response to ultraviolet light stimulus response to ultraviolet radiation stimulus biological_process GO:0009411 response to UV Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers. GOC:hb Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a water deprivation stimulus, prolonged deprivation of water. response to dehydration response to drought response to thirst biological_process drought tolerance GO:0009414 response to water deprivation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a water deprivation stimulus, prolonged deprivation of water. GOC:lr Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of water. MIPS_funcat:36.20.35.09.01 response to water stimulus biological_process GO:0009415 response to water Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of water. GOC:jl response to water stimulus GOC:dos Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus, electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light. MIPS_funcat:34.11.01 MIPS_funcat:34.11.01.01 MIPS_funcat:36.20.35.11 biological_process GO:0009416 response to light stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus, electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0582227089 The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to physical parameters involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates. energytaxis taxis in response to energy source biological_process GO:0009453 energy taxis The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to physical parameters involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates. GOC:jl PMID:11029423 The union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy). Wikipedia:Fertilisation syngamy biological_process GO:0009566 fertilization The union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy). GOC:tb ISBN:0198506732 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external stimulus. MIPS_funcat:36.20.35 response to environmental stimulus biological_process GO:0009605 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to external stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external stimulus. GOC:hb Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotic stimulus, a stimulus caused or produced by a living organism. response to biotic stress biological_process GO:0009607 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to biotic stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotic stimulus, a stimulus caused or produced by a living organism. GOC:hb Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to the organism. GO:0002245 physiological response to wounding biological_process GO:0009611 response to wounding Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to the organism. GOC:go_curators Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (not derived from living organisms) stimulus. response to abiotic stress biological_process GO:0009628 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. Changed definition as requested in https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/16572. response to abiotic stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (not derived from living organisms) stimulus. GOC:hb Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a herbicide stimulus. Herbicides are chemicals used to kill or control the growth of plants. biological_process herbicide susceptibility/resistance GO:0009635 response to herbicide Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a herbicide stimulus. Herbicides are chemicals used to kill or control the growth of plants. GOC:curators Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus. detoxification response biological_process toxin resistance toxin susceptibility/resistance GO:0009636 response to toxic substance Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus. GOC:lr The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. embryogenesis and morphogenesis Wikipedia:Morphogenesis anatomical structure organization morphogenesis biological_process GO:0009653 anatomical structure morphogenesis The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0521436125 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a compound containing a pyrocatechol (1,2-benzenediol) nucleus or substituent. biological_process catechol metabolic process catechol metabolism GO:0009712 catechol-containing compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a compound containing a pyrocatechol (1,2-benzenediol) nucleus or substituent. GOC:sm ISBN:0198547684 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of catechol-containing compounds. Catechol is a compound containing a pyrocatechol nucleus or substituent. biological_process catechol anabolism catechol biosynthesis catechol biosynthetic process catechol formation catechol synthesis GO:0009713 catechol-containing compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of catechol-containing compounds. Catechol is a compound containing a pyrocatechol nucleus or substituent. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division. biological_process GO:0009786 regulation of asymmetric cell division Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division. GOC:lr The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo from its formation until the end of its embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic stage is organism-specific. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. GO:0009795 embryogenesis and morphogenesis Wikipedia:Embryogenesis embryogenesis embryonal development biological_process GO:0009790 embryo development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo from its formation until the end of its embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic stage is organism-specific. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. GOC:go_curators GOC:isa_complete GOC:mtg_sensu The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. See embryonic development. biological_process GO:0009791 post-embryonic development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. See embryonic development. GOC:go_curators The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. histogenesis and organogenesis Wikipedia:Histogenesis histogenesis biological_process GO:0009888 tissue development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. ISBN:0471245208 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. regulation of anabolism regulation of biosynthesis regulation of formation regulation of synthesis biological_process GO:0009889 regulation of biosynthetic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. down regulation of biosynthetic process down-regulation of biosynthetic process downregulation of biosynthetic process negative regulation of anabolism negative regulation of biosynthesis negative regulation of formation negative regulation of synthesis inhibition of biosynthetic process biological_process GO:0009890 negative regulation of biosynthetic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. positive regulation of anabolism positive regulation of biosynthesis positive regulation of formation positive regulation of synthesis up regulation of biosynthetic process up-regulation of biosynthetic process upregulation of biosynthetic process activation of biosynthetic process stimulation of biosynthetic process biological_process GO:0009891 positive regulation of biosynthetic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. GO:0044252 down regulation of metabolic process down-regulation of metabolic process downregulation of metabolic process negative regulation of metabolism negative regulation of organismal metabolism inhibition of metabolic process inhibition of organismal metabolic process negative regulation of multicellular organismal metabolic process biological_process GO:0009892 negative regulation of metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. GO:0044253 positive regulation of metabolism up regulation of metabolic process up-regulation of metabolic process upregulation of metabolic process activation of metabolic process positive regulation of multicellular organismal metabolic process positive regulation of organismal metabolism stimulation of metabolic process stimulation of organismal metabolic process up-regulation of organismal metabolic process biological_process GO:0009893 positive regulation of metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances. regulation of breakdown regulation of catabolism regulation of degradation biological_process GO:0009894 regulation of catabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances. down regulation of catabolic process down-regulation of catabolic process downregulation of catabolic process negative regulation of breakdown negative regulation of catabolism negative regulation of degradation inhibition of catabolic process biological_process GO:0009895 negative regulation of catabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances. positive regulation of breakdown positive regulation of catabolism positive regulation of degradation up regulation of catabolic process up-regulation of catabolic process upregulation of catabolic process activation of catabolic process stimulation of catabolic process biological_process GO:0009896 positive regulation of catabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. GO:0035466 biological_process regulation of signaling pathway regulation of signalling pathway GO:0009966 regulation of signal transduction Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. GOC:sm regulation of signalling pathway GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. GO:0035468 up regulation of signal transduction up-regulation of signal transduction upregulation of signal transduction activation of signal transduction stimulation of signal transduction biological_process positive regulation of signaling pathway positive regulation of signalling pathway GO:0009967 positive regulation of signal transduction Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. GOC:sm positive regulation of signalling pathway GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. GO:0035467 down regulation of signal transduction down-regulation of signal transduction downregulation of signal transduction inhibition of signal transduction biological_process negative regulation of signaling pathway negative regulation of signalling pathway GO:0009968 negative regulation of signal transduction Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. GOC:sm negative regulation of signalling pathway GOC:mah Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. janelomax 2012-12-11T16:56:55Z GO:0008151 GO:0044763 GO:0050875 cell physiology cellular physiological process cell growth and/or maintenance biological_process single-organism cellular process GO:0009987 cellular process Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. GOC:go_curators GOC:isa_complete Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an extracellular stimulus. biological_process GO:0009991 response to extracellular stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an extracellular stimulus. GOC:go_curators The process in which a relatively unspecialized immature germ cell acquires the specialized features of a mature female gamete. oocyte cell differentiation biological_process GO:0009994 oocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized immature germ cell acquires the specialized features of a mature female gamete. GOC:go_curators GOC:mtg_sensu Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from adopting a specific cell fate. down regulation of cell fate specification down-regulation of cell fate specification downregulation of cell fate specification suppression of cell fate inhibition of cell fate specification biological_process GO:0009996 negative regulation of cell fate specification Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from adopting a specific cell fate. GOC:go_curators Compaction of chromatin structure prior to meiosis in eukaryotic cells. chromosome condensation involved in meiotic cell cycle biological_process GO:0010032 meiotic chromosome condensation Compaction of chromatin structure prior to meiosis in eukaryotic cells. PMID:10072401 chromosome condensation involved in meiotic cell cycle GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus. biological_process GO:0010033 response to organic substance Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus. GOC:sm Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an inorganic substance stimulus. biological_process GO:0010035 response to inorganic substance Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an inorganic substance stimulus. GOC:sm Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbon dioxide (CO2) stimulus. biological_process GO:0010037 response to carbon dioxide Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbon dioxide (CO2) stimulus. GOC:sm Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a metal ion stimulus. response to metal response to heavy metal biological_process heavy metal sensitivity/resistance GO:0010038 response to metal ion Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a metal ion stimulus. GOC:sm Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a manganese ion stimulus. response to manganese biological_process GO:0010042 response to manganese ion Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a manganese ion stimulus. GOC:sm Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aluminum ion stimulus. response to aluminium ion response to aluminum biological_process GO:0010044 response to aluminum ion Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aluminum ion stimulus. GOC:sm Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of X-ray radiation. An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 nanometers to 100 picometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz to 3 EHz). response to X-ray radiation stimulus biological_process GO:0010165 response to X-ray Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of X-ray radiation. An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 nanometers to 100 picometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz to 3 EHz). GOC:sm Wikipedia:X-ray Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular defense response. regulation of cellular defence response biological_process GO:0010185 regulation of cellular defense response Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular defense response. GOC:sm Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular defense response. positive regulation of cellular defence response up regulation of cellular defense response up-regulation of cellular defense response upregulation of cellular defense response activation of cellular defense response stimulation of cellular defense response biological_process GO:0010186 positive regulation of cellular defense response Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular defense response. GOC:sm Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays. response to ionising radiation response to ionizing radiation stimulus biological_process GO:0010212 response to ionizing radiation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays. PMID:12509526 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organonitrogen stimulus. An organonitrogen compound is formally a compound containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond. response to organic nitrogen biological_process GO:0010243 response to organonitrogen compound Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organonitrogen stimulus. An organonitrogen compound is formally a compound containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond. PMID:9869419 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endomembrane system. endomembrane organization endomembrane system organisation biological_process GO:0010256 endomembrane system organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endomembrane system. GOC:mah GOC:sm endomembrane system organisation GOC:mah The process that occurs in an animal organ near the end of its active life that is associated with the dismantling of cell components and membranes, and an overall decline in metabolism. GO:0010261 biological_process GO:0010260 animal organ senescence The process that occurs in an animal organ near the end of its active life that is associated with the dismantling of cell components and membranes, and an overall decline in metabolism. GOC:tb Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from selenium ion. biological_process GO:0010269 response to selenium ion Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from selenium ion. GOC:mg Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lead ion stimulus. biological_process GO:0010288 response to lead ion Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lead ion stimulus. GOC:tair_curators PMID:16461380 The infolding of a membrane. jl 2013-12-02T13:58:34Z GO:1902534 biological_process single-organism membrane invagination GO:0010324 membrane invagination The infolding of a membrane. GOC:tb Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum. biological_process response to gamma ray response to gamma-ray photon GO:0010332 response to gamma radiation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum. GOC:tair_curators Wikipedia:Gamma_ray Any signalling pathway that modulates the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle. regulation of mitotic entry biological_process GO:0010389 regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle Any signalling pathway that modulates the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle PMID:17329565 regulation of mitotic entry GOC:vw Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell fate commitment. Cell fate commitment is the commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field. biological_process GO:0010453 regulation of cell fate commitment Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell fate commitment. Cell fate commitment is the commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency or rate of cell fate commitment. Cell fate commitment is the commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field. biological_process GO:0010454 negative regulation of cell fate commitment Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency or rate of cell fate commitment. Cell fate commitment is the commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency or rate of cell fate commitment. Cell fate commitment is the commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field. biological_process GO:0010455 positive regulation of cell fate commitment Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency or rate of cell fate commitment. Cell fate commitment is the commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field. GOC:dph GOC:tb The process in which a gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. Wikipedia:Gene_expression biological_process GO:0010467 gene expression The process in which a gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. Wikipedia:Regulation_of_gene_expression regulation of protein expression biological_process regulation of gene product expression GO:0010468 This class covers any process that regulates the rate of production of a mature gene product, and so includes processes that regulate that rate by regulating the level, stability or availability of intermediates in the process of gene expression. For example, it covers any process that regulates the level, stability or availability of mRNA or circRNA for translation and thereby regulates the rate of production of the encoded protein via translation. regulation of gene expression Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling receptor activity. Receptor activity is when a molecule combines with an extracellular or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell activity. regulation of receptor activity biological_process GO:0010469 regulation of signaling receptor activity Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling receptor activity. Receptor activity is when a molecule combines with an extracellular or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell activity. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate or extent of gastrulation. Gastrulation is the complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. biological_process GO:0010470 regulation of gastrulation Any process that modulates the rate or extent of gastrulation. Gastrulation is the complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm. biological_process GO:0010506 regulation of autophagy Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm. biological_process GO:0010507 negative regulation of autophagy Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm. biological_process GO:0010508 positive regulation of autophagy Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane disassembly. biological_process GO:0010549 regulation of membrane disassembly Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane disassembly. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. biological_process GO:0010556 regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. biological_process GO:0010557 positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. biological_process GO:0010558 negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus. biological_process GO:0010562 positive regulation of phosphorus metabolic process Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus. biological_process GO:0010563 negative regulation of phosphorus metabolic process Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. biological_process GO:0010564 regulation of cell cycle process Any process that modulates a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of The DNA-dependent DNA replication that occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms as part of the cell cycle. positive regulation of DNA replication involved in S phase positive regulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase biological_process positive regulation of DNA replication during S phase GO:0010571 positive regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of The DNA-dependent DNA replication that occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms as part of the cell cycle. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle positive regulation of DNA replication during S phase GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. biological_process GO:0010604 positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. biological_process GO:0010605 negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression after the production of an RNA transcript. biological_process GO:0010608 posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression after the production of an RNA transcript. GOC:dph GOC:tb The activation of endogenous cellular processes that result in the death of a cell as part of its development. developmental programmed cell death programmed cell death involved in development biological_process GO:0010623 This process is part of the natural developmental program of some cell types, but it does not always happen as part of the development or shaping of a gross anatomical structure. programmed cell death involved in cell development The activation of endogenous cellular processes that result in the death of a cell as part of its development. GOC:dph GOC:mtg_apoptosis GOC:tb Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. biological_process GO:0010628 positive regulation of gene expression Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. biological_process GO:0010629 This term covers any process that negatively regulates the rate of production of a mature gene product, and so includes processes that negatively regulate that rate by reducing the level, stability or availability of intermediates in the process of gene expression. For example, it covers any process that reduces the level, stability or availability of mRNA or circRNA for translation and thereby reduces the rate of production of the encoded protein via translation. negative regulation of gene expression Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle. positive regulation of organelle organisation biological_process positive regulation of organelle organization and biogenesis GO:0010638 positive regulation of organelle organization Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle. GOC:dph GOC:tb positive regulation of organelle organisation GOC:mah positive regulation of organelle organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle. negative regulation of organelle organisation biological_process negative regulation of organelle organization and biogenesis GO:0010639 negative regulation of organelle organization Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle. GOC:dph GOC:tb negative regulation of organelle organisation GOC:mah negative regulation of organelle organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. biological_process GO:0010646 regulation of cell communication Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. biological_process GO:0010647 positive regulation of cell communication Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. biological_process GO:0010648 negative regulation of cell communication Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as part of the meiotic cell cycle. mah 2012-04-20T02:45:12Z GO:1900401 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, meiotic regulation of meiosis by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter biological_process GO:0010672 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in meiotic cell cycle Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as part of the meiotic cell cycle. GOC:dph GOC:tb PMID:12161753 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, meiotic GOC:mah Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as part of the meiotic cell cycle. dianna.fisk 2012-05-01T08:40:11Z GO:1900476 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, meiotic activation of meiosis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter positive regulation of meiosis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter stimulation of meiosis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter up regulation of meiosis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter up-regulation of meiosis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter upregulation of meiosis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter biological_process GO:0010673 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in meiotic cell cycle Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as part of the meiotic cell cycle. GOC:dph GOC:tb PMID:8618927 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, meiotic GOC:mah activation of meiosis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie stimulation of meiosis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie up regulation of meiosis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of meiosis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie upregulation of meiosis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as part of the meiotic cell cycle. dianna.fisk 2012-05-01T08:39:58Z GO:1900475 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, meiotic activation of meiosis by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter positive regulation of meiosis by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter stimulation of meiosis by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter up regulation of meiosis by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter up-regulation of meiosis by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter upregulation of meiosis by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter biological_process GO:0010674 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in meiotic cell cycle Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as part of the meiotic cell cycle. GOC:dph GOC:tb PMID:8618927 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, meiotic GOC:mah activation of meiosis by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie stimulation of meiosis by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie up regulation of meiosis by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of meiosis by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie upregulation of meiosis by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. biological_process GO:0010720 positive regulation of cell development Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. GOC:BHF GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. biological_process GO:0010721 negative regulation of cell development Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. GOC:BHF GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis contributing to cell differentiation. Cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation is the change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. biological_process GO:0010769 regulation of cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis contributing to cell differentiation. Cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation is the change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis contributing to cell differentiation. Cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation is the change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. biological_process GO:0010770 positive regulation of cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis contributing to cell differentiation. Cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation is the change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis contributing to cell differentiation. Cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation is the change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. biological_process GO:0010771 negative regulation of cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis contributing to cell differentiation. Cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation is the change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. biological_process GO:0010793 regulation of mRNA export from nucleus Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the levels of hormone within an organism or a tissue. A hormone is any substance formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory action. biological_process GO:0010817 regulation of hormone levels Any process that modulates the levels of hormone within an organism or a tissue. A hormone is any substance formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory action. GOC:BHF GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion. regulation of mitochondrion organisation biological_process GO:0010821 regulation of mitochondrion organization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion. GOC:dph GOC:tb regulation of mitochondrion organisation GOC:mah Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion. positive regulation of mitochondrion organisation biological_process GO:0010822 positive regulation of mitochondrion organization Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion. GOC:dph GOC:tb positive regulation of mitochondrion organisation GOC:mah Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion. negative regulation of mitochondrion organisation biological_process GO:0010823 negative regulation of mitochondrion organization Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion. GOC:dph GOC:tb negative regulation of mitochondrion organisation GOC:mah Any process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length and structure by affecting and monitoring the activity of telomeric proteins and lengthening the telomeric DNA. biological_process GO:0010833 telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening Any process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length and structure by affecting and monitoring the activity of telomeric proteins and lengthening the telomeric DNA. GOC:dph GOC:tb The cellular component assembly that is part of the initial shaping of the component during its developmental progression. biological_process GO:0010927 cellular component assembly involved in morphogenesis The cellular component assembly that is part of the initial shaping of the component during its developmental progression. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic microtubule depolymerization. biological_process GO:0010937 regulation of cytoplasmic microtubule depolymerization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic microtubule depolymerization. GOC:dph GOC:tb The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of a cytoplasmic microtubule. biological_process GO:0010938 cytoplasmic microtubule depolymerization The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of a cytoplasmic microtubule. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of necrotic cell death. Necrotic cell death is a cell death process that is morphologically characterized by a gain in cell volume (oncosis), swelling of organelles, plasma membrane rupture and subsequent loss of intracellular contents. biological_process GO:0010939 regulation of necrotic cell death Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of necrotic cell death. Necrotic cell death is a cell death process that is morphologically characterized by a gain in cell volume (oncosis), swelling of organelles, plasma membrane rupture and subsequent loss of intracellular contents. PMID:16507998 Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of necrotic cell death. Necrotic cell death is a cell death process that is morphologically characterized by a gain in cell volume (oncosis), swelling of organelles, plasma membrane rupture and subsequent loss of intracellular contents. biological_process GO:0010940 positive regulation of necrotic cell death Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of necrotic cell death. Necrotic cell death is a cell death process that is morphologically characterized by a gain in cell volume (oncosis), swelling of organelles, plasma membrane rupture and subsequent loss of intracellular contents. PMID:16507998 Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death. biological_process GO:0010941 regulation of cell death Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that increases the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death. biological_process GO:0010942 positive regulation of cell death Any process that increases the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. tanyaberardini 2009-04-27T09:53:22Z biological_process GO:0010948 negative regulation of cell cycle process Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic sister chromatid separation. Mitotic sister chromatid separation is the process in which sister chromatids are physically detached from each other during mitosis. tanyaberardini 2009-05-20T11:39:07Z biological_process GO:0010965 regulation of mitotic sister chromatid separation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic sister chromatid separation. Mitotic sister chromatid separation is the process in which sister chromatids are physically detached from each other during mitosis. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of microtubule nucleation. Microtubule nucleation is the 'de novo' formation of a microtubule, in which tubulin heterodimers form metastable oligomeric aggregates, some of which go on to support formation of a complete microtubule. Microtubule nucleation usually occurs from a specific site within a cell. tanyaberardini 2009-05-20T11:51:21Z biological_process GO:0010968 regulation of microtubule nucleation Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of microtubule nucleation. Microtubule nucleation is the 'de novo' formation of a microtubule, in which tubulin heterodimers form metastable oligomeric aggregates, some of which go on to support formation of a complete microtubule. Microtubule nucleation usually occurs from a specific site within a cell. GOC:dph GOC:tb The movement of organelles or other particles from one location in the cell to another along microtubules, driven by motor activity. tanyaberardini 2009-05-27T10:56:08Z microtubule-based transport establishment of localization by movement along microtubule movement along microtubule biological_process GO:0010970 transport along microtubule The movement of organelles or other particles from one location in the cell to another along microtubules, driven by motor activity. GOC:dph GOC:mah GOC:tb establishment of localization by movement along microtubule GOC:dph Any signalling pathway that activates or increases the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle. tanyaberardini 2009-06-01T10:16:34Z GO:0031662 positive regulation of mitotic entry biological_process positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity involved in G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle GO:0010971 positive regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle Any signalling pathway that activates or increases the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle. GOC:dph GOC:mtg_cell_cycle GOC:tb positive regulation of mitotic entry GOC:mah Any signalling pathway that decreases or inhibits the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle. tanyaberardini 2009-06-01T10:18:29Z negative regulation of mitotic entry biological_process GO:0010972 negative regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle Any signalling pathway that decreases or inhibits the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle negative regulation of mitotic entry GOC:vw Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). tanyaberardini 2009-06-01T10:44:45Z regulation of neurite biosynthesis regulation of neurite development regulation of neurite formation regulation of neurite growth biological_process GO:0010975 regulation of neuron projection development Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). GOC:dph GOC:tb regulation of neurite biosynthesis GOC:mah regulation of neurite development GOC:mah regulation of neurite formation GOC:mah regulation of neurite growth GOC:mah Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). tanyaberardini 2009-06-01T10:46:44Z positive regulation of neurite biosynthesis positive regulation of neurite development positive regulation of neurite formation positive regulation of neurite growth biological_process GO:0010976 positive regulation of neuron projection development Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). GOC:dph GOC:tb positive regulation of neurite biosynthesis GOC:mah positive regulation of neurite development GOC:mah positive regulation of neurite formation GOC:mah positive regulation of neurite growth GOC:mah Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). tanyaberardini 2009-06-01T10:47:42Z negative regulation of neurite biosynthesis negative regulation of neurite development negative regulation of neurite formation negative regulation of neurite growth biological_process growth cone collapse GO:0010977 negative regulation of neuron projection development Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). GOC:dph GOC:tb negative regulation of neurite biosynthesis GOC:mah negative regulation of neurite development GOC:mah negative regulation of neurite formation GOC:mah negative regulation of neurite growth GOC:mah growth cone collapse GOC:pr A process which begins when a cell receives an internal or external signal and activates a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway). The process ends with the death of the cell. GO:0016244 regulated cell death Wikipedia:Programmed_cell_death caspase-independent cell death non-apoptotic programmed cell death nonapoptotic programmed cell death biological_process PCD RCD caspase-independent apoptosis GO:0012501 Note that this term should be used to annotate gene products in the organism undergoing the programmed cell death. To annotate genes in another organism whose products modulate programmed cell death in a host organism, consider the term 'modulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death ; GO:0052040'. Also, note that 'programmed cell death ; GO:0012501' should be used to refer to instances of caspase-independent cell death mechanisms, in the absence of further indications on the process taking place. At present, caspase-independent cell death is not yet represented in GO due to the lack of consensus and in-depth research on the topic. 'programmed cell death ; GO:0012501' may also be used to annotate gene products in taxa where apoptosis as defined in GO:0006915 does not occur, such as plants. You may also consider these specific children: GO:0097468 'programmed cell death in response to reactive oxygen species' (with descendants GO:0010421 'hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death' and GO:0010343 'singlet oxygen-mediated programmed cell death'), and GO:0009626 'plant-type hypersensitive response' and its children. programmed cell death A process which begins when a cell receives an internal or external signal and activates a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway). The process ends with the death of the cell. GOC:lr GOC:mtg_apoptosis A collection of membranous structures involved in transport within the cell. The main components of the endomembrane system are endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vesicles, cell membrane and nuclear envelope. Members of the endomembrane system pass materials through each other or though the use of vesicles. Wikipedia:Endomembrane_system cellular_component GO:0012505 endomembrane system A collection of membranous structures involved in transport within the cell. The main components of the endomembrane system are endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vesicles, cell membrane and nuclear envelope. Members of the endomembrane system pass materials through each other or though the use of vesicles. GOC:lh Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation, the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a neuron. This process is independent of morphogenetic change. biological_process GO:0014041 regulation of neuron maturation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation, the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a neuron. This process is independent of morphogenetic change. GOC:ef Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation. up regulation of neuron maturation up-regulation of neuron maturation upregulation of neuron maturation activation of neuron maturation stimulation of neuron maturation biological_process GO:0014042 positive regulation of neuron maturation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation. GOC:ef Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation. down regulation of neuron maturation down-regulation of neuron maturation downregulation of neuron maturation inhibition of neuron maturation biological_process GO:0014043 negative regulation of neuron maturation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation. GOC:ef Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus. response to organic cyclic substance biological_process GO:0014070 response to organic cyclic compound Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus. GOC:ef response to organic cyclic substance GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluoxetine stimulus. Fluoxetine increases the extracellular level of the neurotransmitter serotonin by inhibiting its reuptake into the presynaptic cell, increasing the level of serotonin available to bind to the postsynaptic receptor. biological_process response to SSRI response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor GO:0014076 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct manual annotation of gene products. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to fluoxetine Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluoxetine stimulus. Fluoxetine increases the extracellular level of the neurotransmitter serotonin by inhibiting its reuptake into the presynaptic cell, increasing the level of serotonin available to bind to the postsynaptic receptor. GOC:ef GOC:pr The directed movement of proteins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GO:0015831 MIPS_funcat:14 MIPS_funcat:14.04 MIPS_funcat:20.01.10 enzyme transport biological_process GO:0015031 protein transport The directed movement of proteins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of actin and associated proteins. Includes actin cytoskeleton-associated complexes. MIPS_funcat:70.04.03 cellular_component GO:0015629 actin cytoskeleton The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of actin and associated proteins. Includes actin cytoskeleton-associated complexes. GOC:jl ISBN:0395825172 ISBN:0815316194 The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of microtubules and associated proteins. MIPS_funcat:70.04.05 cellular_component GO:0015630 microtubule cytoskeleton The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of microtubules and associated proteins. GOC:jl ISBN:0395825172 The directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. MIPS_funcat:20.01.09 biological_process GO:0015833 peptide transport The directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai The directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. biological_process nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport GO:0015931 nucleobase-containing compound transport The directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport GOC:dph GOC:tb A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it. Wikipedia:Biological_membrane cellular_component GO:0016020 membrane membrane A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it. GOC:dos GOC:mah ISBN:0815316194 A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component. GO:0044235 GO:0071842 MIPS_funcat:42 cell organisation cellular component organisation at cellular level cellular component organisation in other organism cellular component organization at cellular level cellular component organization in other organism biological_process cell organization and biogenesis GO:0016043 cellular component organization A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component. GOC:ai GOC:jl GOC:mah cellular component organisation at cellular level GOC:mah cellular component organisation in other organism GOC:mah cell organization and biogenesis GOC:mah The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present. GO:0048591 MIPS_funcat:40.01 cellular growth growth of cell biological_process cell expansion metabolic process resulting in cell growth metabolism resulting in cell growth non-developmental cell growth non-developmental growth of a unicellular organism GO:0016049 cell growth The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present. GOC:ai non-developmental cell growth GOC:mah non-developmental growth of a unicellular organism GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vesicle. vesicle organisation biological_process vesicle organization and biogenesis GO:0016050 vesicle organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vesicle. GOC:mah vesicle organization and biogenesis GOC:mah The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. RNA metabolism biological_process GO:0016070 RNA metabolic process The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving mRNA, messenger RNA, which is responsible for carrying the coded genetic 'message', transcribed from DNA, to sites of protein assembly at the ribosomes. mRNA metabolism biological_process GO:0016071 mRNA metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving mRNA, messenger RNA, which is responsible for carrying the coded genetic 'message', transcribed from DNA, to sites of protein assembly at the ribosomes. ISBN:0198506732 Fusion of intracellular membrane-bounded vesicles with the pre-synaptic membrane of the neuronal cell resulting in release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. MIPS_funcat:20.09.16.09.05 biological_process GO:0016079 synaptic vesicle exocytosis Fusion of intracellular membrane-bounded vesicles with the pre-synaptic membrane of the neuronal cell resulting in release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. GOC:jid GOC:lmg A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane. GO:0006899 MIPS_funcat:20.09.07 vesicle transport vesicular transport nonselective vesicle transport biological_process protein sorting along secretory pathway vesicle trafficking GO:0016192 vesicle-mediated transport A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane. GOC:ai GOC:mah ISBN:08789310662000 vesicular transport GOC:mah The developmental process in which a skeletal muscle attaches to its target (such as bone or body wall). biological_process GO:0016203 muscle attachment The developmental process in which a skeletal muscle attaches to its target (such as bone or body wall). GOC:isa_complete GOC:sart The major inducible pathway for the general turnover of cytoplasmic constituents in eukaryotic cells, it is also responsible for the degradation of active cytoplasmic enzymes and organelles during nutrient starvation. Macroautophagy involves the formation of double-membrane-bounded autophagosomes which enclose the cytoplasmic constituent targeted for degradation in a membrane-bounded structure. Autophagosomes then fuse with a lysosome (or vacuole) releasing single-membrane-bounded autophagic bodies that are then degraded within the lysosome (or vacuole). Some types of macroautophagy, e.g. pexophagy, mitophagy, involve selective targeting of the targets to be degraded. GO:0034262 autophagy biological_process GO:0016236 Targeted macroautophagy sometimes targets regions of cytoplasm containing non-self, such as virus particles or components (e.g. see PMID:20159618). As this is essentially the same process as macroautophagy that encloses and digests only self, the term autophagy is still used despite the enclosure of some non-self (non-auto) entities. macroautophagy The major inducible pathway for the general turnover of cytoplasmic constituents in eukaryotic cells, it is also responsible for the degradation of active cytoplasmic enzymes and organelles during nutrient starvation. Macroautophagy involves the formation of double-membrane-bounded autophagosomes which enclose the cytoplasmic constituent targeted for degradation in a membrane-bounded structure. Autophagosomes then fuse with a lysosome (or vacuole) releasing single-membrane-bounded autophagic bodies that are then degraded within the lysosome (or vacuole). Some types of macroautophagy, e.g. pexophagy, mitophagy, involve selective targeting of the targets to be degraded. PMID:11099404 PMID:12914914 PMID:15798367 PMID:16973210 PMID:20159618 PMID:9412464 Any process, such as recognition of nutrient depletion, that activates or increases the rate of macroautophagy to bring cytosolic macromolecules to the vacuole/lysosome for degradation. positive regulation of starvation-induced autophagy up regulation of macroautophagy up-regulation of macroautophagy upregulation of macroautophagy activation of macroautophagy stimulation of macroautophagy biological_process GO:0016239 positive regulation of macroautophagy Any process, such as recognition of nutrient depletion, that activates or increases the rate of macroautophagy to bring cytosolic macromolecules to the vacuole/lysosome for degradation. GOC:go_curators PMID:9412464 positive regulation of starvation-induced autophagy GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macroautophagy. regulation of starvation-induced autophagy biological_process GO:0016241 regulation of macroautophagy Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macroautophagy. GOC:krc regulation of starvation-induced autophagy GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macroautophagy. down regulation of macroautophagy down-regulation of macroautophagy downregulation of macroautophagy negative regulation of starvation-induced autophagy inhibition of macroautophagy biological_process GO:0016242 negative regulation of macroautophagy Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macroautophagy. GOC:go_curators negative regulation of starvation-induced autophagy GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb The process in which double-stranded RNAs silence cognate genes. Involves posttranscriptional gene inactivation ('silencing') both of transgenes or dsRNA introduced into a germline, and of the host gene(s) homologous to the transgenes or dsRNA. This silencing is triggered by the introduction of transgenes or double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), and can occur through a specific decrease in the level of mRNA, or by negative regulation of translation, of both host genes and transgenes. Wikipedia:RNA_interference RNAi posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA biological_process GO:0016246 Note that this term refers specifically to posttranscriptional mechanisms by which small interfering RNAs down-regulate gene expression. Also consider annotating to other descendants of 'gene silencing by RNA ; GO:0031047'. RNA interference The process in which double-stranded RNAs silence cognate genes. Involves posttranscriptional gene inactivation ('silencing') both of transgenes or dsRNA introduced into a germline, and of the host gene(s) homologous to the transgenes or dsRNA. This silencing is triggered by the introduction of transgenes or double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), and can occur through a specific decrease in the level of mRNA, or by negative regulation of translation, of both host genes and transgenes. GOC:ems PMID:11201747 PMID:11713190 PMID:18771919 posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA GOC:mah true Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. Reactome:R-HSA-6788855 Reactome:R-HSA-6788867 phosphokinase activity molecular_function GO:0016301 Note that this term encompasses all activities that transfer a single phosphate group; although ATP is by far the most common phosphate donor, reactions using other phosphate donors are included in this term. kinase activity Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. ISBN:0198506732 Reactome:R-HSA-6788855 FN3KRP phosphorylates PsiAm, RibAm Reactome:R-HSA-6788867 FN3K phosphorylates ketosamines The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide. Wikipedia:Phosphorylation biological_process GO:0016310 phosphorylation The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide. ISBN:0198506732 The cell cycle process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during the meiotic cell cycle in a female. biological_process GO:0016321 female meiosis chromosome segregation The cell cycle process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during the meiotic cell cycle in a female. GOC:ai The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendrite over time, from its formation to the mature structure. biological_process GO:0016358 dendrite development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendrite over time, from its formation to the mature structure. GOC:aruk GOC:bc GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 PMID:22683681 The inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism. Wikipedia:Post_transcriptional_gene_silencing PTGS post-transcriptional gene silencing quelling biological_process cosuppression GO:0016441 posttranscriptional gene silencing The inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism. GOC:mah PMID:15020054 post-transcriptional gene silencing GOC:vw Any process carried out at the cellular level that results in either long-term transcriptional repression via action on chromatin structure or RNA mediated, post-transcriptional repression of gene expression. Wikipedia:Gene_silencing long-term maintenance of gene inactivation biological_process GO:0016458 This is a rather broad grouping term. While it was originally defined for long-term, heritable, epigenetic effects, short term effects on expression mediated by RNA are also frequently referred to as gene silencing, and are grouped under this class. gene silencing Any process carried out at the cellular level that results in either long-term transcriptional repression via action on chromatin structure or RNA mediated, post-transcriptional repression of gene expression. GOC:dos GOC:dph GOC:jid GOC:tb A protein complex, formed of one or more myosin heavy chains plus associated light chains and other proteins, that functions as a molecular motor; uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to move actin filaments or to move vesicles or other cargo on fixed actin filaments; has magnesium-ATPase activity and binds actin. Myosin classes are distinguished based on sequence features of the motor, or head, domain, but also have distinct tail regions that are believed to bind specific cargoes. cellular_component GO:0016459 myosin complex A protein complex, formed of one or more myosin heavy chains plus associated light chains and other proteins, that functions as a molecular motor; uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to move actin filaments or to move vesicles or other cargo on fixed actin filaments; has magnesium-ATPase activity and binds actin. Myosin classes are distinguished based on sequence features of the motor, or head, domain, but also have distinct tail regions that are believed to bind specific cargoes. GOC:mah Wikipedia:Myosin A myosin complex containing two class II myosin heavy chains, two myosin essential light chains and two myosin regulatory light chains. Also known as classical myosin or conventional myosin, the myosin II class includes the major muscle myosin of vertebrate and invertebrate muscle, and is characterized by alpha-helical coiled coil tails that self assemble to form a variety of filament structures. cellular_component conventional myosin GO:0016460 myosin II complex A myosin complex containing two class II myosin heavy chains, two myosin essential light chains and two myosin regulatory light chains. Also known as classical myosin or conventional myosin, the myosin II class includes the major muscle myosin of vertebrate and invertebrate muscle, and is characterized by alpha-helical coiled coil tails that self assemble to form a variety of filament structures. Wikipedia:Myosin The controlled self-propelled movement of a cell from one site to a destination guided by molecular cues. Cell migration is a central process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms. MIPS_funcat:34.05.01 Wikipedia:Cell_migration biological_process GO:0016477 cell migration The controlled self-propelled movement of a cell from one site to a destination guided by molecular cues. Cell migration is a central process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms. GOC:cjm GOC:dph GOC:ems GOC:pf http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_migration The directed movement of substances or organelles within the cytosol. biological_process GO:0016482 cytosolic transport The directed movement of substances or organelles within the cytosol. GOC:ai Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2. EC:2 Reactome:R-HSA-1483089 Reactome:R-HSA-1483186 Reactome:R-HSA-5668414 Reactome:R-HSA-6787403 Reactome:R-HSA-8868783 molecular_function GO:0016740 transferase activity Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2. ISBN:0198506732 Reactome:R-HSA-1483089 PE is converted to PS by PTDSS2 Reactome:R-HSA-1483186 PC is converted to PS by PTDSS1 Reactome:R-HSA-5668414 TRAF2 ubiquitinates cIAP1,2 in cIAP1,2:TRAF1:TRAF2:TRAF3:NIK Reactome:R-HSA-6787403 GTPBP3 and MTO1 transform uridine-34 yielding 5-taurinomethyluridine-34 in tRNA Reactome:R-HSA-8868783 TSR3 transfers aminocarboxypropyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to N(1)-methylpseudouridine-1248 of 18SE rRNA yielding N(1)-methyl-N(3)-aminocarboxypropylpseudouridine-1248 Catalysis of the transfer of a glycosyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor). GO:0016932 EC:2.4 Reactome:R-HSA-5173005 Reactome:R-HSA-6785565 glycosyltransferase activity transglycosidase activity transglycosylase activity transferase activity, transferring other glycosyl groups molecular_function GO:0016757 Note that enzymes of class EC:2.4.99.- should also be annotated to this term. transferase activity, transferring glycosyl groups Catalysis of the transfer of a glycosyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor). GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 Reactome:R-HSA-5173005 B3GALTL transfers glucose to O-fucosyl-proteins Reactome:R-HSA-6785565 Defective B3GALTL does not transfer glucose to O-fucosyl-proteins Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor). EC:2.7 molecular_function GO:0016772 Note that this term encompasses all kinase activities, as well as activities that transfer other phosphorus-containing groups such as diphosphate or nucleotides. transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor). GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3. EC:3 Reactome:R-HSA-1236938 Reactome:R-HSA-2029475 Reactome:R-HSA-5694583 Reactome:R-HSA-5695964 Reactome:R-HSA-6786190 Reactome:R-HSA-6788295 Reactome:R-HSA-8938314 Reactome:R-HSA-8952137 molecular_function GO:0016787 hydrolase activity Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3. ISBN:0198506732 Reactome:R-HSA-1236938 Partial proteolysis of antigen in phagolysosomes Reactome:R-HSA-2029475 Production of AA by iPLA2 upon FCGR activation Reactome:R-HSA-5694583 ABHD4 hydrolyses NAPE Reactome:R-HSA-5695964 ABHD14B hydrolyses PNPB Reactome:R-HSA-6786190 CMBL hydrolyses OM to OLMS Reactome:R-HSA-6788295 HDHD1:Mg2+ dephosphorylates PURIDP Reactome:R-HSA-8938314 ENPPs hydrolyse CoA-SH to PPANT, PAP Reactome:R-HSA-8952137 Phospholipid phosphatase 6 hydrolyses Presqualene diphosphate to presqualene monophosphate Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any ester bond. EC:3.1 Reactome:R-HSA-162729 Reactome:R-HSA-9023617 Reactome:R-HSA-9023619 esterase activity molecular_function GO:0016788 hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any ester bond. GOC:jl Reactome:R-HSA-162729 uPAR-acyl-GPI + H2O -> uPAR + long-chain fatty acid Reactome:R-HSA-9023617 Butyrylcholinesterase hydrolyzes acyl Ghrelin Reactome:R-HSA-9023619 Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PLA2G7) hydrolyzes acyl Ghrelin The chemical reactions and pathways involving a drug, a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease; as used here antibiotic substances (see antibiotic metabolism) are considered to be drugs, even if not used in medical or veterinary practice. Wikipedia:Drug_metabolism drug metabolism biological_process GO:0017144 drug metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a drug, a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease; as used here antibiotic substances (see antibiotic metabolism) are considered to be drugs, even if not used in medical or veterinary practice. GOC:cab2 The self-renewing division of a stem cell. A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell, in the embryo or adult, that can undergo unlimited division and give rise to one or several different cell types. stem cell renewal biological_process GO:0017145 stem cell division The self-renewing division of a stem cell. A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell, in the embryo or adult, that can undergo unlimited division and give rise to one or several different cell types. GOC:jid ISBN:0582227089 Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA. GO:0016478 down regulation of protein biosynthetic process down-regulation of protein biosynthetic process downregulation of protein biosynthetic process negative regulation of protein anabolism negative regulation of protein biosynthesis negative regulation of protein biosynthetic process negative regulation of protein formation negative regulation of protein synthesis inhibition of protein biosynthetic process biological_process protein biosynthesis inhibitor activity protein biosynthetic process inhibitor activity GO:0017148 negative regulation of translation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA. GOC:isa_complete Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis. biological_process GO:0017157 regulation of exocytosis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis. GOC:go_curators The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings). heterocycle anabolism heterocycle biosynthesis heterocycle formation heterocycle synthesis biological_process GO:0018130 heterocycle biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings). ISBN:0198547684 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring. UM-BBD_pathwayID:phe carbolic acid metabolic process carbolic acid metabolism hydroxybenzene metabolic process hydroxybenzene metabolism phenol-containing compound metabolism biological_process GO:0018958 Note that phenol metabolism is not included as a child of 'xenobiotic metabolism' because although it is synthesized industrially, phenol is also found naturally in animal wastes and other organic materials. It is often formed by the activity of microorganisms, which can chemically modify a variety of xenobiotic and naturally occurring phenolic compounds. phenol-containing compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring. ISBN:0198506732 Synthesis and ordering of the envelope of pronuclei. biological_process GO:0018985 pronuclear envelope synthesis Synthesis and ordering of the envelope of pronuclei. GOC:ems The deposition of eggs (either fertilized or not) upon a surface or into a medium such as water. egg laying egg-laying Wikipedia:Oviposition biological_process GO:0018991 oviposition The deposition of eggs (either fertilized or not) upon a surface or into a medium such as water. GOC:ems The determination of sex and sexual phenotype in an organism's germ line. biological_process GO:0018992 germ-line sex determination The determination of sex and sexual phenotype in an organism's germ line. GOC:ems The periodic shedding of part or all of a collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle, which is then replaced by a new collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle. An example of this is found in the Nematode worm, Caenorhabditis elegans. collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle molting cycle biological_process GO:0018996 molting cycle, collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle The periodic shedding of part or all of a collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle, which is then replaced by a new collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle. An example of this is found in the Nematode worm, Caenorhabditis elegans. GOC:jl GOC:mtg_sensu collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle molting cycle GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process in which mitochondrial RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. establishment and maintenance of mitochondrial RNA localization mitochondrial RNA localisation mtRNA localization biological_process GO:0019093 mitochondrial RNA localization Any process in which mitochondrial RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. GOC:ai mitochondrial RNA localisation GOC:mah The specific behavior of an organism that is associated with reproduction. janelomax 2012-09-19T16:01:37Z GO:0033057 GO:0044704 reproductive behavior in a multicellular organism reproductive behaviour multicellular organism reproductive behavior biological_process single-organism reproductive behavior GO:0019098 reproductive behavior The specific behavior of an organism that is associated with reproduction. GOC:jl GOC:pr Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids. MIPS_funcat:01.06.10 regulation of lipid metabolism biological_process GO:0019216 regulation of lipid metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids. GOC:go_curators Any cellular process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism biological_process regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process GO:0019219 regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process Any cellular process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. GOC:go_curators regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates. regulation of phosphate metabolism biological_process GO:0019220 regulation of phosphate metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. GO:0044246 regulation of metabolism regulation of multicellular organismal metabolic process regulation of organismal metabolic process biological_process GO:0019222 regulation of metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. GOC:go_curators regulation of organismal metabolic process GOC:tb The neurological system process in which a signal is transmitted through the nervous system by a combination of action potential propagation and synaptic transmission. conduction of nerve impulse signal transmission along a neuron biological_process GO:0019226 transmission of nerve impulse The neurological system process in which a signal is transmitted through the nervous system by a combination of action potential propagation and synaptic transmission. GOC:curators ISBN:0815316194 conduction of nerve impulse GOC:dph The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring. MetaCyc:PHENOLDEG-PWY phenol-containing compound breakdown phenol-containing compound catabolism phenol-containing compound degradation biological_process GO:0019336 phenol-containing compound catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring. ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic compounds, any substance containing an aromatic carbon ring. MIPS_funcat:01.05.01.03.09 aromatic compound anabolism aromatic compound biosynthesis aromatic compound formation aromatic compound synthesis aromatic hydrocarbon biosynthesis aromatic hydrocarbon biosynthetic process biological_process GO:0019438 aromatic compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic compounds, any substance containing an aromatic carbon ring. GOC:ai The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aromatic compounds, any substance containing an aromatic carbon ring. MIPS_funcat:01.05.01.01.09 MIPS_funcat:01.05.01.01.11 aromatic compound breakdown aromatic compound catabolism aromatic compound degradation aromatic hydrocarbon catabolic process aromatic hydrocarbon catabolism biological_process GO:0019439 aromatic compound catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aromatic compounds, any substance containing an aromatic carbon ring. GOC:ai The chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. Includes protein modification. GO:0006411 GO:0044268 Wikipedia:Protein_metabolism protein metabolic process and modification protein metabolism protein metabolism and modification multicellular organismal protein metabolic process biological_process GO:0019538 protein metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. Includes protein modification. GOC:ma The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of catechol-containing compounds. Catechol is a compound containing a pyrocatechol nucleus or substituent. biological_process catechol breakdown catechol catabolic process catechol catabolism catechol degradation GO:0019614 catechol-containing compound catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of catechol-containing compounds. Catechol is a compound containing a pyrocatechol nucleus or substituent. GOC:go_curators Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via calcium ions. MIPS_funcat:30.01.09.03 Wikipedia:Calcium_signaling calcium ion signaling calcium signaling calcium signalling calcium-mediated signalling biological_process GO:0019722 calcium-mediated signaling Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via calcium ions. GOC:signaling Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state at the level of the cell. biological_process GO:0019725 cellular homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state at the level of the cell. GOC:isa_complete GOC:jl ISBN:0395825172 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in many of the chemical changes of compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon. In multicellular organisms secondary metabolism is generally carried out in specific cell types, and may be useful for the organism as a whole. In unicellular organisms, secondary metabolism is often used for the production of antibiotics or for the utilization and acquisition of unusual nutrients. MIPS_funcat:01.20 Wikipedia:Secondary_metabolism secondary metabolism secondary metabolite metabolic process secondary metabolite metabolism biological_process GO:0019748 secondary metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in many of the chemical changes of compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon. In multicellular organisms secondary metabolism is generally carried out in specific cell types, and may be useful for the organism as a whole. In unicellular organisms, secondary metabolism is often used for the production of antibiotics or for the utilization and acquisition of unusual nutrients. GOC:go_curators Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via a second messenger; a small molecule or ion that can be quickly generated or released from intracellular stores, and can diffuse within the cell. Second-messenger signaling includes production or release of the second messenger, and effectors downstream of the second messenger that further transmit the signal within the cell. MIPS_funcat:30.01.09 second messenger mediated signaling second messenger mediated signalling second messenger-mediated signaling second messenger-mediated signalling second-messenger-mediated signal transduction second-messenger-mediated signalling biological_process GO:0019932 second-messenger-mediated signaling Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via a second messenger; a small molecule or ion that can be quickly generated or released from intracellular stores, and can diffuse within the cell. Second-messenger signaling includes production or release of the second messenger, and effectors downstream of the second messenger that further transmit the signal within the cell. GOC:signaling ISBN:0815316194 PMID:15221855 Wikipedia:Second_messenger_system second-messenger-mediated signal transduction GOC:signaling A reproduction process that creates a new organism by combining the genetic material of two gametes, which may come from two organisms or from a single organism, in the case of self-fertilizing hermaphrodites, e.g. C. elegans, or self-fertilization in plants. It occurs both in eukaryotes and prokaryotes: in multicellular eukaryotic organisms, an individual is created anew; in prokaryotes, the initial cell has additional or transformed genetic material. In a process called genetic recombination, genetic material (DNA) originating from two gametes join up so that homologous sequences are aligned with each other, and this is followed by exchange of genetic information. After the new recombinant chromosome is formed, it is passed on to progeny. Wikipedia:Sexual_reproduction biological_process GO:0019953 Sexual reproduction may be seen as the regular alternation, in the life cycle of haplontic, diplontic and diplohaplontic organisms, of meiosis and fertilization which provides for the production offspring. In diplontic organisms there is a life cycle in which the products of meiosis behave directly as gametes, fusing to form a zygote from which the diploid, or sexually reproductive polyploid, adult organism will develop. In diplohaplontic organisms a haploid phase (gametophyte) exists in the life cycle between meiosis and fertilization (e.g. higher plants, many algae and Fungi); the products of meiosis are spores that develop as haploid individuals from which haploid gametes develop to form a diploid zygote; diplohaplontic organisms show an alternation of haploid and diploid generations. In haplontic organisms meiosis occurs in the zygote, giving rise to four haploid cells (e.g. many algae and protozoa), only the zygote is diploid and this may form a resistant spore, tiding organisms over hard times. sexual reproduction A reproduction process that creates a new organism by combining the genetic material of two gametes, which may come from two organisms or from a single organism, in the case of self-fertilizing hermaphrodites, e.g. C. elegans, or self-fertilization in plants. It occurs both in eukaryotes and prokaryotes: in multicellular eukaryotic organisms, an individual is created anew; in prokaryotes, the initial cell has additional or transformed genetic material. In a process called genetic recombination, genetic material (DNA) originating from two gametes join up so that homologous sequences are aligned with each other, and this is followed by exchange of genetic information. After the new recombinant chromosome is formed, it is passed on to progeny. GOC:jl GOC:kmv GOC:krc GOC:tb ISBN:0387520546 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_reproduction A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an anatomical structure, cell or cellular component to attain its fully functional state. biological_process GO:0021700 This term was added by GO_REF:0000021. developmental maturation A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an anatomical structure, cell or cellular component to attain its fully functional state. GOC:cls GOC:dgh GOC:dph GOC:jid GOC:mtg_15jun06 GO_REF:0000021 Generation of cells within the nervous system. Wikipedia:Neurogenesis nervous system cell generation biological_process neural cell differentiation GO:0022008 This term was added by GO_REF:0000021. neurogenesis Generation of cells within the nervous system. GOC:cls GOC:curators GOC:dgh GOC:dph GOC:jid GOC:mtg_15jun06 GO_REF:0000021 nervous system cell generation neural cell differentiation GOC:BHF GOC:dph The cellular process that ensures successive accurate and complete genome replication and chromosome segregation. biological_process GO:0022402 cell cycle process The cellular process that ensures successive accurate and complete genome replication and chromosome segregation. GOC:isa_complete GOC:mtg_cell_cycle One of the distinct periods or stages into which the cell cycle is divided. Each phase is characterized by the occurrence of specific biochemical and morphological events. biological_process GO:0022403 cell cycle phase One of the distinct periods or stages into which the cell cycle is divided. Each phase is characterized by the occurrence of specific biochemical and morphological events. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle A multicellular organismal process involved in the periodic casting off and regeneration of an outer covering of cuticle, feathers, hair, horns, skin. biological_process GO:0022404 molting cycle process A multicellular organismal process involved in the periodic casting off and regeneration of an outer covering of cuticle, feathers, hair, horns, skin. GOC:isa_complete Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell. biological_process GO:0022407 regulation of cell-cell adhesion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell. GOC:isa_complete Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell adhesion to another cell. down regulation of cell-cell adhesion down-regulation of cell-cell adhesion downregulation of cell-cell adhesion inhibition of cell-cell adhesion biological_process GO:0022408 negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell adhesion to another cell. GOC:isa_complete Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell adhesion to another cell. up regulation of cell-cell adhesion up-regulation of cell-cell adhesion upregulation of cell-cell adhesion activation of cell-cell adhesion stimulation of cell-cell adhesion biological_process GO:0022409 positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell adhesion to another cell. GOC:isa_complete A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a cellular component. GO:0071845 cell structure disassembly cellular component disassembly at cellular level biological_process GO:0022411 cellular component disassembly A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a cellular component. GOC:isa_complete A process, occurring at the cellular level, that is involved in the reproductive function of a multicellular organism. reproductive cellular process in multicellular organism biological_process GO:0022412 cellular process involved in reproduction in multicellular organism A process, occurring at the cellular level, that is involved in the reproductive function of a multicellular organism. GOC:isa_complete A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals by one or two organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents. janelomax 2012-09-19T15:56:06Z GO:0044702 biological_process single organism reproductive process GO:0022414 reproductive process A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals by one or two organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents. GOC:dph GOC:isa_complete Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anatomical structure morphogenesis. regulation of morphogenesis biological_process GO:0022603 regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anatomical structure morphogenesis. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis. Cell morphogenesis is the developmental process in which the shape of a cell is generated and organized. biological_process negative regulation of cell shape and cell size positive regulation of cell shape and cell size regulation of cell shape and cell size GO:0022604 regulation of cell morphogenesis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis. Cell morphogenesis is the developmental process in which the shape of a cell is generated and organized. GOC:isa_complete negative regulation of cell shape and cell size GOC:dph GOC:tb positive regulation of cell shape and cell size GOC:dph GOC:tb regulation of cell shape and cell size GOC:dph GOC:tb The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a cellular component. GO:0071844 cell structure assembly cellular component assembly at cellular level biological_process GO:0022607 cellular component assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a cellular component. GOC:isa_complete The attachment of a cell or organism to a substrate, another cell, or other organism. Biological adhesion includes intracellular attachment between membrane regions. biological_process GO:0022610 biological adhesion The attachment of a cell or organism to a substrate, another cell, or other organism. Biological adhesion includes intracellular attachment between membrane regions. GOC:isa_complete A developmental process in which dormancy (sometimes called a dormant state) is induced, maintained or broken. Dormancy is a suspension of most physiological activity and growth that can be reactivated. multicellular organism dormancy process spore dormancy process biological_process GO:0022611 In plants and animals, dormancy may be a response to environmental conditions such as seasonality or extreme heat, drought, or cold. In plants, dormancy may involve the formation of dormant buds, and may be preceded by the senescence of plant parts such as leaves in woody plants or most of the shoot system in herbaceous perennials. The exit from dormancy in vascular plants is marked by resumed growth of buds and/or growth of vascular cambium. dormancy process A developmental process in which dormancy (sometimes called a dormant state) is induced, maintained or broken. Dormancy is a suspension of most physiological activity and growth that can be reactivated. GOC:PO_curators GOC:isa_complete PO_REF:00009 spore dormancy process GOC:PO_curators A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a complex containing RNA and proteins. Includes the biosynthesis of the constituent RNA and protein molecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the ribonucleoprotein complex. RNA-protein complex biogenesis ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis and assembly biological_process GO:0022613 ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a complex containing RNA and proteins. Includes the biosynthesis of the constituent RNA and protein molecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the ribonucleoprotein complex. GOC:isa_complete GOC:mah RNA-protein complex biogenesis GOC:mah ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis and assembly GOC:mah The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a ribonucleoprotein complex. RNA-protein complex assembly RNP complex assembly protein-RNA complex assembly biological_process GO:0022618 ribonucleoprotein complex assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a ribonucleoprotein complex. GOC:jl Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression as a consequence of a process in which a signal is released and/or conveyed from one location to another. 2010-02-16T09:30:50Z biological_process regulation of gene expression as a consequence of signal transmission GO:0023019 signal transduction involved in regulation of gene expression Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression as a consequence of a process in which a signal is released and/or conveyed from one location to another. GOC:mtg_signal regulation of gene expression as a consequence of signal transmission GOC:bf Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. 2010-02-16T09:30:50Z biological_process regulation of signaling process regulation of signalling process GO:0023051 regulation of signaling Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. GOC:mtg_signal regulation of signaling process GOC:bf regulation of signalling process GOC:mah The entirety of a process in which information is transmitted within a biological system. This process begins with an active signal and ends when a cellular response has been triggered. janelomax 2010-02-16T09:30:50Z GO:0023046 GO:0044700 biological signaling signaling process signalling biological_process signalling process single organism signaling GO:0023052 Note that a signal is any variable property or parameter that serves to convey information, and may be a physical entity such as a gene product or small molecule, a photon, or a change in state such as movement or voltage change. signaling The entirety of a process in which information is transmitted within a biological system. This process begins with an active signal and ends when a cellular response has been triggered. GOC:mtg_signal GOC:mtg_signaling_feb11 GOC:signaling signalling process GOC:mah Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. 2010-02-16T09:30:50Z positive regulation of signalling process biological_process positive regulation of signaling process GO:0023056 positive regulation of signaling Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. GOC:mtg_signal positive regulation of signalling process GOC:mah positive regulation of signaling process GOC:bf Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. 2010-02-16T09:30:50Z biological_process negative regulation of signaling process negative regulation of signalling process GO:0023057 negative regulation of signaling Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. GOC:mtg_signal negative regulation of signaling process GOC:bf negative regulation of signalling process GOC:mah The process in which a signal is secreted or discharged into the extracellular medium from a cellular source. 2010-02-16T09:30:50Z signal secretion biological_process GO:0023061 signal release The process in which a signal is secreted or discharged into the extracellular medium from a cellular source. GOC:mtg_signal signal secretion GOC:bf Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cations at the level of a cell. MIPS_funcat:34.01.01 biological_process GO:0030003 cellular cation homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cations at the level of a cell. GOC:ceb GOC:mah Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of monovalent inorganic cations at the level of a cell. biological_process GO:0030004 cellular monovalent inorganic cation homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of monovalent inorganic cations at the level of a cell. GOC:ai GOC:mah The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns. GO:0000283 GO:0030468 cell polarization bud site selection/establishment of cell polarity biological_process GO:0030010 establishment of cell polarity The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns. GOC:mah The contractile element of skeletal and cardiac muscle; a long, highly organized bundle of actin, myosin, and other proteins that contracts by a sliding filament mechanism. Wikipedia:Myofibril cellular_component striated muscle fiber striated muscle fibre GO:0030016 myofibril The contractile element of skeletal and cardiac muscle; a long, highly organized bundle of actin, myosin, and other proteins that contracts by a sliding filament mechanism. ISBN:0815316194 The repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs. Wikipedia:Sarcomere cellular_component GO:0030017 sarcomere The repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs. ISBN:0815316194 Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the actin cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins. biological_process microfilament-based process GO:0030029 actin filament-based process Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the actin cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins. GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon. cell projection organisation biological_process cell projection organization and biogenesis cell surface structure organization and biogenesis GO:0030030 cell projection organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon. GOC:jl GOC:mah http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ cell projection organization and biogenesis GOC:mah cell surface structure organization and biogenesis GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins. MIPS_funcat:42.04.03 actin cytoskeleton organisation biological_process actin cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis actin modulating activity GO:0030036 actin cytoskeleton organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins. GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mah actin cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis GOC:mah The cell cycle process in which rearrangement of the spatial distribution of actin filaments and associated proteins occurs. MIPS_funcat:10.03.05 MIPS_funcat:10.03.05.03 actin filament reorganisation involved in cell cycle biological_process actin filament reorganization during cell cycle GO:0030037 actin filament reorganization involved in cell cycle The cell cycle process in which rearrangement of the spatial distribution of actin filaments and associated proteins occurs. GOC:mah actin filament reorganisation involved in cell cycle GOC:mah actin filament reorganization during cell cycle GOC:dph GOC:tb A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells, or between a cell and the extracellular matrix, or between two membrane-bound components of a cell, such as flagella. MIPS_funcat:70.06 Wikipedia:Cell_junction cellular_component GO:0030054 cell junction A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells, or between a cell and the extracellular matrix, or between two membrane-bound components of a cell, such as flagella. GOC:aruk GOC:bc GOC:mah ISBN:0198506732 PMID:26820516 PMID:28096264 http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/cmb/cells/pmemb/junctions_a.html Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, triggered by the activation of the anaphase promoting complex by Cdc20/Sleepy homolog which results in the degradation of Securin. biological_process GO:0030071 regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, triggered by the activation of the anaphase promoting complex by Cdc20/Sleepy homolog which results in the degradation of Securin. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis. biological_process GO:0030100 regulation of endocytosis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis. GOC:go_curators Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of water within an organism or cell. GO:0018987 MIPS_funcat:36.20.35.09.01 Wikipedia:Osmoregulation regulation of osmotic pressure biological_process osmoregulation GO:0030104 water homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of water within an organism or cell. GOC:dph GOC:mah GOC:tb Any of the vesicles of the constitutive secretory pathway, which carry cargo from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi, between Golgi cisternae, from the Golgi to the ER (retrograde transport) or to destinations within or outside the cell. MIPS_funcat:70.09 NIF_Subcellular:sao885490876 constitutive secretory pathway transport vesicle Golgi to vacuole transport vesicle Golgi-vacuole transport vesicle cellular_component secretory vesicle GO:0030133 Note that the term 'secretory vesicle' is sometimes used in this sense, but can also mean 'secretory granule ; GO:0030141'. transport vesicle Any of the vesicles of the constitutive secretory pathway, which carry cargo from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi, between Golgi cisternae, from the Golgi to the ER (retrograde transport) or to destinations within or outside the cell. GOC:mah PMID:22160157 The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state. MIPS_funcat:40.02 Wikipedia:Cellular_differentiation biological_process GO:0030154 cell differentiation The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state. ISBN:0198506732 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix. biological_process cell adhesion receptor regulator activity GO:0030155 regulation of cell adhesion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix. GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. GO:0044254 MIPS_funcat:14.13 Wikipedia:Protein_catabolism protein breakdown protein catabolism protein degradation multicellular organismal protein catabolic process biological_process pheromone catabolic process pheromone catabolism GO:0030163 This term refers to the breakdown of mature proteins. For cleavage events involved in generating a mature protein from a precursor, consider instead the term 'protein maturation ; GO:0051604' and its children. protein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of DNA-dependent DNA replication; the process in which DNA becomes competent to replicate. In eukaryotes, replication competence is established in early G1 and lost during the ensuing S phase. regulation of DNA replication initiation DNA replication licencing DNA replication licensing biological_process GO:0030174 regulation of DNA-dependent DNA replication initiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of DNA-dependent DNA replication; the process in which DNA becomes competent to replicate. In eukaryotes, replication competence is established in early G1 and lost during the ensuing S phase. GOC:mah regulation of DNA replication initiation GOC:vw The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron. MIPS_funcat:43.03.13 biological_process GO:0030182 neuron differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron. GOC:mah The progressive compaction of dispersed interphase chromatin into threadlike chromosomes prior to mitotic or meiotic nuclear division, or during apoptosis, in eukaryotic cells. GO:0000068 DNA condensation MIPS_funcat:10.03.04.03 eukaryotic chromosome condensation nuclear chromosome condensation biological_process GO:0030261 chromosome condensation The progressive compaction of dispersed interphase chromatin into threadlike chromosomes prior to mitotic or meiotic nuclear division, or during apoptosis, in eukaryotic cells. GOC:mah ISBN:0815316194 DNA condensation Wikipedia:DNA_condensation eukaryotic chromosome condensation GOC:bf nuclear chromosome condensation GOC:bf Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth. up regulation of cell growth up-regulation of cell growth upregulation of cell growth activation of cell growth stimulation of cell growth biological_process GO:0030307 positive regulation of cell growth Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth. down regulation of cell growth down-regulation of cell growth downregulation of cell growth inhibition of cell growth biological_process GO:0030308 negative regulation of cell growth Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. biological_process GO:0030334 regulation of cell migration Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. up regulation of cell migration up-regulation of cell migration upregulation of cell migration activation of cell migration stimulation of cell migration biological_process GO:0030335 positive regulation of cell migration Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. down regulation of cell migration down-regulation of cell migration downregulation of cell migration inhibition of cell migration biological_process GO:0030336 negative regulation of cell migration Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. GOC:go_curators The controlled breakdown of any cell membrane in the context of a normal process such as autophagy. membrane breakdown membrane catabolism membrane degradation biological_process GO:0030397 membrane disassembly The controlled breakdown of any cell membrane in the context of a normal process such as autophagy. GOC:mah The expulsion of feces from the rectum. Wikipedia:Defecation biological_process GO:0030421 defecation The expulsion of feces from the rectum. GOC:mah The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter. NIF_Subcellular:sao1770195789 Wikipedia:Axon cellular_component GO:0030424 axon axon The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter. GOC:nln ISBN:0198506732 Any process that modulates the rate, direction or extent of axon extension. biological_process GO:0030516 regulation of axon extension Any process that modulates the rate, direction or extent of axon extension. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon outgrowth. down regulation of axon extension down-regulation of axon extension downregulation of axon extension inhibition of axon extension biological_process GO:0030517 negative regulation of axon extension Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon outgrowth. GOC:mah Behavior in a fully developed and mature organism. adult behavioral response to stimulus adult behaviour adult behavioural response to stimulus biological_process GO:0030534 See also the biological process term 'behavior ; GO:0007610'. adult behavior Behavior in a fully developed and mature organism. GOC:mah ISBN:0877797099 Behavior in a larval form of an organism, an immature organism that must undergo metamorphosis to assume adult characteristics. GO:0017037 larval behaviour biological_process GO:0030537 See also the biological process term 'behavior ; GO:0007610'. larval behavior Behavior in a larval form of an organism, an immature organism that must undergo metamorphosis to assume adult characteristics. GOC:mah ISBN:0877797099 The function of interacting (directly or indirectly) with receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is changed. MIPS_funcat:18.02.07 molecular_function GO:0030545 receptor regulator activity The function of interacting (directly or indirectly) with receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is changed. GOC:ceb The function of interacting (directly or indirectly) with receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is increased. receptor activator activity molecular_function GO:0030546 signaling receptor activator activity The function of interacting (directly or indirectly) with receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is increased. GOC:ceb Partial constriction of the cytoplasm of a cell to form a furrow that resembles a cleavage furrow but does not complete cytokinesis. biological_process GO:0030588 pseudocleavage Partial constriction of the cytoplasm of a cell to form a furrow that resembles a cleavage furrow but does not complete cytokinesis. GOC:mah PMID:10751167 PMID:30990821 PMID:7729583 A process that occurs during the first cell cycle in an embryo, in which anterior cortical contractions culminate in a single partial constriction of the embryo called the pseudocleavage furrow. An example of this process is found in nematode worms. biological_process GO:0030590 first cell cycle pseudocleavage A process that occurs during the first cell cycle in an embryo, in which anterior cortical contractions culminate in a single partial constriction of the embryo called the pseudocleavage furrow. An example of this process is found in nematode worms. GOC:mtg_sensu PMID:7729583 Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of hydrogen ions (protons) within a cell or between a cell and its external environment. MIPS_funcat:34.01.01.03 cellular hydrogen ion homeostasis proton homeostasis biological_process GO:0030641 regulation of cellular pH Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of hydrogen ions (protons) within a cell or between a cell and its external environment. GOC:dph GOC:mah GOC:tb cellular hydrogen ion homeostasis GOC:dph GOC:tb The directed movement of substances along cytoskeletal fibers such as microfilaments or microtubules within a cell. MIPS_funcat:20.09.14 biological_process GO:0030705 cytoskeleton-dependent intracellular transport The directed movement of substances along cytoskeletal fibers such as microfilaments or microtubules within a cell. GOC:mah The release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary. Wikipedia:Ovulation biological_process GO:0030728 ovulation The release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary. GOC:bf ISBN:0878932437 The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell, any of the cells making up an epithelium. biological_process GO:0030855 epithelial cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell, any of the cells making up an epithelium. GOC:ecd PMID:11839751 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation. biological_process GO:0030856 regulation of epithelial cell differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation. down regulation of epithelial cell differentiation down-regulation of epithelial cell differentiation downregulation of epithelial cell differentiation inhibition of epithelial cell differentiation biological_process GO:0030857 negative regulation of epithelial cell differentiation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation. up regulation of epithelial cell differentiation up-regulation of epithelial cell differentiation upregulation of epithelial cell differentiation activation of epithelial cell differentiation stimulation of epithelial cell differentiation biological_process GO:0030858 positive regulation of epithelial cell differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation. GOC:mah The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the presence of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or other ER-related stress; results in changes in the regulation of transcription and translation. MIPS_funcat:32.01.07 ER unfolded protein response erUPR biological_process SREBP-mediated signalling pathway GO:0030968 Note that this term should not be confused with 'response to unfolded protein ; GO:0006986', which refers to any response to the presence of unfolded proteins anywhere in the cell or in multicellular organism. Also see 'ER-associated protein catabolic process ; GO:0030433'. endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the presence of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or other ER-related stress; results in changes in the regulation of transcription and translation. GOC:mah PMID:12042763 A nonmembrane-bound oligomeric protein complex that participates in bidirectional transport of molecules (cargo) along axonemal microtubules. intraflagellar transport complex intraflagellar transport particle cellular_component IFT complex GO:0030990 Note that we deem cilia and microtubule-based flagella to be equivalent. intraciliary transport particle A nonmembrane-bound oligomeric protein complex that participates in bidirectional transport of molecules (cargo) along axonemal microtubules. GOC:cilia GOC:kmv PMID:14570576 PMID:22118932 PMID:23945166 A structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support, biochemical or biomechanical cues for cells or tissues. GO:0005578 MIPS_funcat:70.27.01 NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_20090513 Wikipedia:Extracellular_matrix proteinaceous extracellular matrix matrisome cellular_component GO:0031012 extracellular matrix A structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support, biochemical or biomechanical cues for cells or tissues. GOC:BHF GOC:mah GOC:rph NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_20090513 PMID:21123617 PMID:28089324 Any process in which RNA molecules inactivate expression of target genes. RNA-mediated gene silencing biological_process GO:0031047 gene silencing by RNA Any process in which RNA molecules inactivate expression of target genes. GOC:dph GOC:mah GOC:tb PMID:15020054 RNA-mediated gene silencing GOC:dph GOC:tb A membrane that is one of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope or the outermost membrane of single membrane bound organelle. NIF_Subcellular:sao830981606 cellular_component intracellular membrane GO:0031090 organelle membrane A membrane that is one of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope or the outermost membrane of single membrane bound organelle. GOC:dos GOC:mah intracellular membrane NIF_Subcellular:sao830981606 Assembly or disassembly of microtubules by the addition or removal of tubulin heterodimers from a microtubule. biological_process GO:0031109 microtubule polymerization or depolymerization Assembly or disassembly of microtubules by the addition or removal of tubulin heterodimers from a microtubule. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization by the addition or removal of tubulin heterodimers from a microtubule. biological_process GO:0031110 regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization by the addition or removal of tubulin heterodimers from a microtubule. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization. down regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization down-regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization downregulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization inhibition of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization biological_process GO:0031111 negative regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization. up regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization up-regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization upregulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization activation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization stimulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization biological_process GO:0031112 positive regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization. biological_process GO:0031113 regulation of microtubule polymerization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization. regulation of microtubule disassembly biological_process GO:0031114 regulation of microtubule depolymerization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization. down regulation of microtubule polymerization down-regulation of microtubule polymerization downregulation of microtubule polymerization inhibition of microtubule polymerization biological_process GO:0031115 negative regulation of microtubule polymerization Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization. up regulation of microtubule polymerization up-regulation of microtubule polymerization upregulation of microtubule polymerization activation of microtubule polymerization stimulation of microtubule polymerization biological_process GO:0031116 positive regulation of microtubule polymerization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization. microtubule destabilization positive regulation of microtubule disassembly up regulation of microtubule depolymerization up-regulation of microtubule depolymerization upregulation of microtubule depolymerization activation of microtubule depolymerization positive regulation of microtubule catastrophe stimulation of microtubule depolymerization biological_process GO:0031117 positive regulation of microtubule depolymerization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization. GOC:mah positive regulation of microtubule catastrophe GOC:dph GOC:tb A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in the cytoplasm of a cell. cytoplasmic microtubule organisation biological_process cytoplasmic microtubule organization and biogenesis GO:0031122 cytoplasmic microtubule organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in the cytoplasm of a cell. GOC:mah cytoplasmic microtubule organization and biogenesis GOC:mah A developmental process involving two tissues in which one tissue (the inducer) produces a signal that directs cell fate commitment of cells in the second tissue (the responder). biological_process GO:0031128 developmental induction A developmental process involving two tissues in which one tissue (the inducer) produces a signal that directs cell fate commitment of cells in the second tissue (the responder). GOC:cjm GOC:dph GOC:mah PMID:24503535 Signaling at short range between cells of different ancestry and developmental potential that results in one cell or group of cells effecting a developmental change in the other. This is often done by secretion of proteins by one cell which affects the neighboring cells and causes them to adopt a certain fate. inductive cell-cell signalling biological_process GO:0031129 inductive cell-cell signaling Signaling at short range between cells of different ancestry and developmental potential that results in one cell or group of cells effecting a developmental change in the other. This is often done by secretion of proteins by one cell which affects the neighboring cells and causes them to adopt a certain fate. GOC:mah A temporary protrusion or retractile process of a cell, associated with flowing movements of the protoplasm, and serving for locomotion and feeding. Wikipedia:Pseudopod pseudopod cellular_component GO:0031143 pseudopodium A temporary protrusion or retractile process of a cell, associated with flowing movements of the protoplasm, and serving for locomotion and feeding. ISBN:0198506732 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). neurite biosynthesis neurite development neurite formation neurite growth neurite outgrowth biological_process GO:0031175 neuron projection development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). GOC:mah neurite development GOC:dph Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. regulation of cellular metabolism biological_process GO:0031323 regulation of cellular metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. down regulation of cellular metabolic process down-regulation of cellular metabolic process downregulation of cellular metabolic process negative regulation of cellular metabolism inhibition of cellular metabolic process biological_process GO:0031324 negative regulation of cellular metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. positive regulation of cellular metabolism up regulation of cellular metabolic process up-regulation of cellular metabolic process upregulation of cellular metabolic process activation of cellular metabolic process stimulation of cellular metabolic process biological_process GO:0031325 positive regulation of cellular metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. regulation of cellular anabolism regulation of cellular biosynthesis regulation of cellular formation regulation of cellular synthesis biological_process GO:0031326 regulation of cellular biosynthetic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. down regulation of cellular biosynthetic process down-regulation of cellular biosynthetic process downregulation of cellular biosynthetic process negative regulation of cellular anabolism negative regulation of cellular biosynthesis negative regulation of cellular formation negative regulation of cellular synthesis inhibition of cellular biosynthetic process biological_process GO:0031327 negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. positive regulation of cellular anabolism positive regulation of cellular biosynthesis positive regulation of cellular formation positive regulation of cellular synthesis up regulation of cellular biosynthetic process up-regulation of cellular biosynthetic process upregulation of cellular biosynthetic process activation of cellular biosynthetic process stimulation of cellular biosynthetic process biological_process GO:0031328 positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. regulation of cellular breakdown regulation of cellular catabolism regulation of cellular degradation biological_process GO:0031329 regulation of cellular catabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. down regulation of cellular catabolic process down-regulation of cellular catabolic process downregulation of cellular catabolic process negative regulation of cellular breakdown negative regulation of cellular catabolism negative regulation of cellular degradation inhibition of cellular catabolic process biological_process GO:0031330 negative regulation of cellular catabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. positive regulation of cellular breakdown positive regulation of cellular catabolism positive regulation of cellular degradation up regulation of cellular catabolic process up-regulation of cellular catabolic process upregulation of cellular catabolic process activation of cellular catabolic process stimulation of cellular catabolic process biological_process GO:0031331 positive regulation of cellular catabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly. down regulation of protein complex assembly down-regulation of protein complex assembly downregulation of protein complex assembly inhibition of protein complex assembly biological_process negative regulation of protein complex assembly GO:0031333 negative regulation of protein-containing complex assembly Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly. up regulation of protein complex assembly up-regulation of protein complex assembly upregulation of protein complex assembly activation of protein complex assembly stimulation of protein complex assembly biological_process positive regulation of protein complex assembly GO:0031334 positive regulation of protein-containing complex assembly Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion. biological_process GO:0031338 regulation of vesicle fusion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion. down regulation of vesicle fusion down-regulation of vesicle fusion downregulation of vesicle fusion inhibition of vesicle fusion biological_process GO:0031339 negative regulation of vesicle fusion Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion. up regulation of vesicle fusion up-regulation of vesicle fusion upregulation of vesicle fusion activation of vesicle fusion stimulation of vesicle fusion biological_process GO:0031340 positive regulation of vesicle fusion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections. regulation of cell projection organisation biological_process regulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis GO:0031344 regulation of cell projection organization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections. GOC:mah regulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections. down regulation of cell projection organization down-regulation of cell projection organization downregulation of cell projection organization negative regulation of cell projection organisation inhibition of cell projection organization biological_process negative regulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis GO:0031345 negative regulation of cell projection organization Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections. GOC:mah down regulation of cell projection organization GOC:mah negative regulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections. positive regulation of cell projection organisation up regulation of cell projection organization up-regulation of cell projection organization upregulation of cell projection organization activation of cell projection organization stimulation of cell projection organization biological_process positive regulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis GO:0031346 positive regulation of cell projection organization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections. GOC:mah positive regulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response. biological_process GO:0031347 regulation of defense response Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response. down regulation of defense response down-regulation of defense response downregulation of defense response inhibition of defense response biological_process GO:0031348 negative regulation of defense response Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response. up regulation of defense response up-regulation of defense response upregulation of defense response activation of defense response stimulation of defense response biological_process GO:0031349 positive regulation of defense response Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a protein. biological_process GO:0031399 regulation of protein modification process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a protein. GOC:mah GOC:tb Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a protein. down regulation of protein modification down-regulation of protein modification downregulation of protein modification inhibition of protein modification biological_process GO:0031400 negative regulation of protein modification process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a protein. GOC:mah GOC:tb Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a protein. up regulation of protein modification up-regulation of protein modification upregulation of protein modification activation of protein modification stimulation of protein modification biological_process GO:0031401 positive regulation of protein modification process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a protein. GOC:mah GOC:tb A vesicle found in the cytoplasm of a cell. GO:0016023 NIF_Subcellular:sao180601769 cellular_component cytoplasmic membrane bounded vesicle cytoplasmic membrane-enclosed vesicle cytoplasmic, membrane-bounded vesicle GO:0031410 cytoplasmic vesicle A vesicle found in the cytoplasm of a cell. GOC:ai GOC:mah GOC:vesicles The midline of aligned thick filaments in a sarcomere; location of specific proteins that link thick filaments. Depending on muscle type the M band consists of different numbers of M lines. midline Wikipedia:Sarcomere#bands M disc mesophragma M line cellular_component GO:0031430 M band The midline of aligned thick filaments in a sarcomere; location of specific proteins that link thick filaments. Depending on muscle type the M band consists of different numbers of M lines. GOC:mtg_muscle ISBN:0198506732 ISBN:0815316194 The reformation of the nuclear envelope following its breakdown in the context of a normal process. biological_process GO:0031468 nuclear envelope reassembly The reformation of the nuclear envelope following its breakdown in the context of a normal process. GOC:mah A localization process that acts on a protein complex; the complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. establishment and maintenance of protein complex localization protein complex localisation biological_process protein complex localization GO:0031503 protein-containing complex localization A localization process that acts on a protein complex; the complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. GOC:mah protein complex localisation GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in dynamic structural changes to the arrangement of constituent parts of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins. GO:0007012 actin cytoskeleton remodeling actin cytoskeleton reorganisation biological_process GO:0031532 actin cytoskeleton reorganization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in dynamic structural changes to the arrangement of constituent parts of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins. GOC:ecd GOC:mah The mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that delays or arrests cell cycle progression until cells have reached a critical size. mitotic cell cycle cell size control checkpoint biological_process GO:0031567 mitotic cell size control checkpoint The mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that delays or arrests cell cycle progression until cells have reached a critical size. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle mitotic cell cycle cell size control checkpoint GOC:mah A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that monitors cell size, and negatively regulates cell cycle progression between G1 and S phase until a critical size is reached. mitotic G1 cell size control checkpoint mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition size control checkpoint biological_process GO:0031568 G1 cell size control checkpoint A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that monitors cell size, and negatively regulates cell cycle progression between G1 and S phase until a critical size is reached. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle A cell cycle process that controls cell cycle progression in response to changes in DNA structure by monitoring the integrity of the DNA. The DNA integrity checkpoint begins with detection of DNA damage, defects in DNA structure or DNA replication, and progresses through signal transduction and ends with cell cycle effector processes. biological_process GO:0031570 DNA integrity checkpoint A cell cycle process that controls cell cycle progression in response to changes in DNA structure by monitoring the integrity of the DNA. The DNA integrity checkpoint begins with detection of DNA damage, defects in DNA structure or DNA replication, and progresses through signal transduction and ends with cell cycle effector processes. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that slows DNA synthesis in response to DNA damage by the prevention of new origin firing and the stabilization of slow replication fork progression. S-phase checkpoint mitotic intra-S DNA damage checkpoint biological_process GO:0031573 intra-S DNA damage checkpoint A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that slows DNA synthesis in response to DNA damage by the prevention of new origin firing and the stabilization of slow replication fork progression. GOC:vw A cell cycle checkpoint that originates from the mitotic or meiotic spindle. Wikipedia:Spindle_checkpoint biological_process GO:0031577 Note that this term should not be used for direct manual annotation as it should always be possible to choose either a mitotic or meiotic child term. spindle checkpoint A cell cycle checkpoint that originates from the mitotic or meiotic spindle. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the nervous system. regulation of neurological process regulation of neurological system process regulation of neurophysiological process biological_process GO:0031644 regulation of nervous system process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the nervous system. GOC:dph GOC:mah GOC:tb regulation of neurological process GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process. down regulation of neurological process down-regulation of neurological process downregulation of neurological process negative regulation of neurological process negative regulation of neurological system process negative regulation of neurophysiological process inhibition of neurological process biological_process GO:0031645 negative regulation of nervous system process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process. GOC:dph GOC:mah GOC:tb negative regulation of neurological process GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process. positive regulation of neurological process positive regulation of neurological system process positive regulation of neurophysiological process up regulation of neurological process up-regulation of neurological process upregulation of neurological process activation of neurological process stimulation of neurological process biological_process GO:0031646 positive regulation of nervous system process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process. GOC:dph GOC:mah GOC:tb positive regulation of neurological process GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that affects the structure and integrity of a protein, altering the likelihood of its degradation or aggregation. biological_process GO:0031647 regulation of protein stability Any process that affects the structure and integrity of a protein, altering the likelihood of its degradation or aggregation. GOC:dph GOC:mah GOC:tb Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients. biological_process GO:0031667 response to nutrient levels Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients. GOC:mah The dark-staining region of a sarcomere, in which myosin thick filaments are present; the center is traversed by the paler H zone, which in turn contains the M line. Wikipedia:Sarcomere#bands A disc Q disc anisotropic disc transverse disc cellular_component GO:0031672 A band The dark-staining region of a sarcomere, in which myosin thick filaments are present; the center is traversed by the paler H zone, which in turn contains the M line. ISBN:0321204131 Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the nucleus and form the nuclear envelope; excludes the intermembrane space. NIF_Subcellular:sao1687101204 cellular_component GO:0031965 nuclear membrane Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the nucleus and form the nuclear envelope; excludes the intermembrane space. GOC:mah GOC:pz A double membrane structure enclosing an organelle, including two lipid bilayers and the region between them. In some cases, an organelle envelope may have more than two membranes. cellular_component GO:0031967 organelle envelope A double membrane structure enclosing an organelle, including two lipid bilayers and the region between them. In some cases, an organelle envelope may have more than two membranes. GOC:mah GOC:pz The enclosed volume within a sealed membrane or between two sealed membranes. Encompasses the volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the space between the two lipid bilayers of a double membrane surrounding an organelle, e.g. nuclear envelope lumen. cellular_component GO:0031974 membrane-enclosed lumen The enclosed volume within a sealed membrane or between two sealed membranes. Encompasses the volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the space between the two lipid bilayers of a double membrane surrounding an organelle, e.g. nuclear envelope lumen. GOC:add GOC:mah A multilayered structure surrounding all or part of a cell; encompasses one or more lipid bilayers, and may include a cell wall layer; also includes the space between layers. cellular_component GO:0031975 envelope A multilayered structure surrounding all or part of a cell; encompasses one or more lipid bilayers, and may include a cell wall layer; also includes the space between layers. GOC:mah GOC:pz The volume enclosed by the nuclear inner membrane. cellular_component GO:0031981 nuclear lumen The volume enclosed by the nuclear inner membrane. GOC:mah GOC:pz Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by membrane. GO:0031988 NIF_Subcellular:sao221389602 Wikipedia:Vesicle_(biology) cellular_component membrane-bounded vesicle membrane-enclosed vesicle GO:0031982 vesicle Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by membrane. GOC:mah GOC:pz GOC:vesicles Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement. locomotion during locomotory behaviour biological_process GO:0031987 locomotion involved in locomotory behavior Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement. GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways involving mitochondrial DNA. mitochondrial DNA metabolism mtDNA metabolic process mtDNA metabolism biological_process GO:0032042 mitochondrial DNA metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving mitochondrial DNA. GOC:mah A process in which a protein or protein complex is maintained in a specific location in the cell cortex. maintenance of protein location in cell cortex biological_process cortical protein anchoring GO:0032065 maintenance of protein location in cell cortex A process in which a protein or protein complex is maintained in a specific location in the cell cortex. GOC:vw maintenance of protein location in cell cortex GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding. down regulation of protein binding down-regulation of protein binding downregulation of protein binding inhibition of protein binding biological_process GO:0032091 negative regulation of protein binding Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding. up regulation of protein binding up-regulation of protein binding upregulation of protein binding activation of protein binding stimulation of protein binding biological_process GO:0032092 positive regulation of protein binding Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding. GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a food stimulus; food is anything which, when taken into the body, serves to nourish or build up the tissues or to supply body heat. biological_process GO:0032094 response to food Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a food stimulus; food is anything which, when taken into the body, serves to nourish or build up the tissues or to supply body heat. GOC:add ISBN:0721601464 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a food stimulus. biological_process GO:0032095 regulation of response to food Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a food stimulus. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a food stimulus. down regulation of response to food down-regulation of response to food downregulation of response to food inhibition of response to food biological_process GO:0032096 negative regulation of response to food Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a food stimulus. GOC:add Any process that activates, maintains, or increases the rate of a response to a food stimulus. up regulation of response to food up-regulation of response to food upregulation of response to food activation of response to food stimulation of response to food biological_process GO:0032097 positive regulation of response to food Any process that activates, maintains, or increases the rate of a response to a food stimulus. GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an external stimulus. biological_process GO:0032101 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. regulation of response to external stimulus Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an external stimulus. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an external stimulus. down regulation of response to external stimulus down-regulation of response to external stimulus downregulation of response to external stimulus inhibition of response to external stimulus biological_process GO:0032102 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. negative regulation of response to external stimulus Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an external stimulus. GOC:mah Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to an external stimulus. up regulation of response to external stimulus up-regulation of response to external stimulus upregulation of response to external stimulus activation of response to external stimulus stimulation of response to external stimulus biological_process GO:0032103 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. positive regulation of response to external stimulus Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to an external stimulus. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an extracellular stimulus. biological_process GO:0032104 regulation of response to extracellular stimulus Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an extracellular stimulus. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an extracellular stimulus. down regulation of response to extracellular stimulus down-regulation of response to extracellular stimulus downregulation of response to extracellular stimulus inhibition of response to extracellular stimulus biological_process GO:0032105 negative regulation of response to extracellular stimulus Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an extracellular stimulus. GOC:mah Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to an extracellular stimulus. up regulation of response to extracellular stimulus up-regulation of response to extracellular stimulus upregulation of response to extracellular stimulus activation of response to extracellular stimulus stimulation of response to extracellular stimulus biological_process GO:0032106 positive regulation of response to extracellular stimulus Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to an extracellular stimulus. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to nutrient levels. biological_process GO:0032107 regulation of response to nutrient levels Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to nutrient levels. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to nutrient levels. down regulation of response to nutrient levels down-regulation of response to nutrient levels downregulation of response to nutrient levels inhibition of response to nutrient levels biological_process GO:0032108 negative regulation of response to nutrient levels Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to nutrient levels. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a response to nutrient levels. up regulation of response to nutrient levels up-regulation of response to nutrient levels upregulation of response to nutrient levels activation of response to nutrient levels stimulation of response to nutrient levels biological_process GO:0032109 positive regulation of response to nutrient levels Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a response to nutrient levels. GOC:mah The eventual plane of cell division (also known as cell cleavage or cytokinesis) in a dividing cell. In Eukaryotes, the cleavage apparatus, composed of septin structures and the actomyosin contractile ring, forms along this plane, and the mitotic, or meiotic, spindle is aligned perpendicular to the division plane. In bacteria, the cell division site is generally located at mid-cell and is the site at which the cytoskeletal structure, the Z-ring, assembles. cell division plane cellular_component GO:0032153 Note that this term refers to the future site of division in a cell that has not yet divided. cell division site The eventual plane of cell division (also known as cell cleavage or cytokinesis) in a dividing cell. In Eukaryotes, the cleavage apparatus, composed of septin structures and the actomyosin contractile ring, forms along this plane, and the mitotic, or meiotic, spindle is aligned perpendicular to the division plane. In bacteria, the cell division site is generally located at mid-cell and is the site at which the cytoskeletal structure, the Z-ring, assembles. GOC:bf GOC:imk GOC:krc GOC:ns PMID:12101122 PMID:15380095 PMID:16983191 PMID:18165305 The cleavage furrow is a plasma membrane invagination at the cell division site. The cleavage furrow begins as a shallow groove and eventually deepens to divide the cytoplasm. Wikipedia:Cleavage_furrow cellular_component GO:0032154 While the term 'cleavage furrow' was initially associated with animal cells, such a structure occurs in many other types of cells, including unicellular protists. cleavage furrow The cleavage furrow is a plasma membrane invagination at the cell division site. The cleavage furrow begins as a shallow groove and eventually deepens to divide the cytoplasm. GOC:vw ISBN:0805319409 OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the cell division plane, the eventual plane of cell division in a dividing cell. GO:0032153 cell division plane part cellular_component GO:0032155 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete cell division site part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the cell division plane, the eventual plane of cell division in a dividing cell. GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of telomeres, terminal regions of a linear chromosome that include the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins. chromosome organization, telomeric organization of chromosome, telomeric region telomere organisation biological_process telomere organization and biogenesis GO:0032200 telomere organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of telomeres, terminal regions of a linear chromosome that include the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins. GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mah telomere organisation GOC:mah telomere organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process that affects and monitors the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA. biological_process GO:0032204 regulation of telomere maintenance Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process that affects and monitors the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process that affects and monitors the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA. down regulation of telomere maintenance down-regulation of telomere maintenance downregulation of telomere maintenance inhibition of telomere maintenance biological_process GO:0032205 negative regulation of telomere maintenance Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process that affects and monitors the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process that affects and monitors the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA. up regulation of telomere maintenance up-regulation of telomere maintenance upregulation of telomere maintenance activation of telomere maintenance stimulation of telomere maintenance biological_process GO:0032206 positive regulation of telomere maintenance Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process that affects and monitors the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. biological_process GO:0032222 regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. down regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic down-regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic downregulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic inhibition of synaptic transmission, cholinergic biological_process GO:0032223 negative regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. GOC:mah Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. up regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic up-regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic upregulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic activation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic stimulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic biological_process GO:0032224 positive regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of GABAergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). biological_process GO:0032228 regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of GABAergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of GABAergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). down regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic down-regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic downregulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic inhibition of synaptic transmission, GABAergic biological_process GO:0032229 negative regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of GABAergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GOC:mah Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of GABAergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). up regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic up-regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic upregulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic activation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic stimulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic biological_process GO:0032230 positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of GABAergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. biological_process regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport GO:0032239 regulation of nucleobase-containing compound transport Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:mah regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. down regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport down-regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport downregulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport inhibition of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport biological_process negative regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport GO:0032240 negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound transport Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:mah negative regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. up regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport up-regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport upregulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport activation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport stimulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport biological_process positive regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport GO:0032241 positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound transport Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:mah positive regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport GOC:dph GOC:tb The process in which a methyl group is covalently attached to a molecule. Wikipedia:Methylation biological_process GO:0032259 methylation The process in which a methyl group is covalently attached to a molecule. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein, occurring at the level of an individual cell. regulation of cellular protein metabolism biological_process GO:0032268 regulation of cellular protein metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein, occurring at the level of an individual cell. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein, occurring at the level of an individual cell. down regulation of cellular protein metabolic process down-regulation of cellular protein metabolic process downregulation of cellular protein metabolic process negative regulation of cellular protein metabolism inhibition of cellular protein metabolic process biological_process GO:0032269 negative regulation of cellular protein metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein, occurring at the level of an individual cell. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein, occurring at the level of an individual cell. positive regulation of cellular protein metabolism up regulation of cellular protein metabolic process up-regulation of cellular protein metabolic process upregulation of cellular protein metabolic process activation of cellular protein metabolic process stimulation of cellular protein metabolic process biological_process GO:0032270 positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein, occurring at the level of an individual cell. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process of creating protein polymers. regulation of protein polymerisation biological_process GO:0032271 regulation of protein polymerization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process of creating protein polymers. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the process of creating protein polymers. down regulation of protein polymerization down-regulation of protein polymerization downregulation of protein polymerization inhibition of protein polymerization biological_process GO:0032272 negative regulation of protein polymerization Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the process of creating protein polymers. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process of creating protein polymers. up regulation of protein polymerization up-regulation of protein polymerization upregulation of protein polymerization activation of protein polymerization stimulation of protein polymerization biological_process GO:0032273 positive regulation of protein polymerization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process of creating protein polymers. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of DNA-dependent DNA replication. negative regulation of DNA replication initiation down regulation of DNA replication initiation down-regulation of DNA replication initiation downregulation of DNA replication initiation inhibition of DNA replication initiation biological_process GO:0032297 negative regulation of DNA-dependent DNA replication initiation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of DNA-dependent DNA replication. GOC:mah negative regulation of DNA replication initiation GOC:vw Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of DNA-dependent DNA replication. negative regulation of DNA replication initiation up regulation of DNA replication initiation up-regulation of DNA replication initiation upregulation of DNA replication initiation activation of DNA replication initiation stimulation of DNA replication initiation biological_process GO:0032298 positive regulation of DNA-dependent DNA replication initiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of DNA-dependent DNA replication. GOC:mah negative regulation of DNA replication initiation GOC:vw Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone. regulation of hormone metabolism biological_process GO:0032350 regulation of hormone metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone. down regulation of hormone metabolic process down-regulation of hormone metabolic process downregulation of hormone metabolic process negative regulation of hormone metabolism inhibition of hormone metabolic process biological_process GO:0032351 negative regulation of hormone metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone. positive regulation of hormone metabolism up regulation of hormone metabolic process up-regulation of hormone metabolic process upregulation of hormone metabolic process activation of hormone metabolic process stimulation of hormone metabolic process biological_process GO:0032352 positive regulation of hormone metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells. biological_process GO:0032386 regulation of intracellular transport Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells. down regulation of intracellular transport down-regulation of intracellular transport downregulation of intracellular transport inhibition of intracellular transport biological_process GO:0032387 negative regulation of intracellular transport Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells. up regulation of intracellular transport up-regulation of intracellular transport upregulation of intracellular transport activation of intracellular transport stimulation of intracellular transport biological_process GO:0032388 positive regulation of intracellular transport Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein oligomerization. biological_process GO:0032459 regulation of protein oligomerization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein oligomerization. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein oligomerization. down regulation of protein oligomerization down-regulation of protein oligomerization downregulation of protein oligomerization inhibition of protein oligomerization biological_process GO:0032460 negative regulation of protein oligomerization Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein oligomerization. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein oligomerization. up regulation of protein oligomerization up-regulation of protein oligomerization upregulation of protein oligomerization activation of protein oligomerization stimulation of protein oligomerization biological_process induction of protein oligomerization GO:0032461 positive regulation of protein oligomerization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein oligomerization. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell and its separation into two daughter cells. GO:0071775 regulation of cell cycle cytokinesis biological_process GO:0032465 regulation of cytokinesis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell and its separation into two daughter cells. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell, and its separation into two daughter cells. GO:0071776 down regulation of cytokinesis down-regulation of cytokinesis downregulation of cytokinesis inhibition of cytokinesis biological_process negative regulation of cell cycle cytokinesis GO:0032466 negative regulation of cytokinesis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell, and its separation into two daughter cells. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell, and its separation into two daughter cells. GO:0071777 up regulation of cytokinesis up-regulation of cytokinesis upregulation of cytokinesis activation of cytokinesis stimulation of cytokinesis biological_process positive regulation of cell cycle cytokinesis GO:0032467 positive regulation of cytokinesis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell, and its separation into two daughter cells. GOC:mah Any biological process, occurring at the level of a multicellular organism, pertinent to its function. janelomax 2012-09-19T16:07:47Z GO:0044707 GO:0050874 organismal physiological process biological_process single-multicellular organism process GO:0032501 multicellular organismal process Any biological process, occurring at the level of a multicellular organism, pertinent to its function. GOC:curators GOC:dph GOC:isa_complete GOC:tb A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an integrated living unit: an anatomical structure (which may be a subcellular structure, cell, tissue, or organ), or organism over time from an initial condition to a later condition. janelomax 2012-12-19T12:21:31Z GO:0044767 development biological_process single-organism developmental process GO:0032502 developmental process A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an integrated living unit: an anatomical structure (which may be a subcellular structure, cell, tissue, or organ), or organism over time from an initial condition to a later condition. GOC:isa_complete The biological process in which new individuals are produced by one or two multicellular organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents. biological_process GO:0032504 multicellular organism reproduction The biological process in which new individuals are produced by one or two multicellular organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents. GOC:isa_complete GOC:jid Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location within, or in the membrane of, a cell, and is prevented from moving elsewhere. biological_process maintenance of protein localization in cell GO:0032507 maintenance of protein location in cell Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location within, or in the membrane of, a cell, and is prevented from moving elsewhere. GOC:isa_complete GOC:mah maintenance of protein localization in cell GOC:dph GOC:tb A process that modulates the size of a cellular component. biological_process GO:0032535 regulation of cellular component size A process that modulates the size of a cellular component. GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein in a mitochondrion. This is a ribosome-mediated process in which the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to specify the sequence of amino acids in the protein; the mitochondrion has its own ribosomes and transfer RNAs, and uses a genetic code that differs from the nuclear code. mitochondrial protein anabolism mitochondrial protein biosynthesis mitochondrial protein formation mitochondrial protein synthesis mitochondrial protein translation biological_process GO:0032543 mitochondrial translation The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein in a mitochondrion. This is a ribosome-mediated process in which the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to specify the sequence of amino acids in the protein; the mitochondrion has its own ribosomes and transfer RNAs, and uses a genetic code that differs from the nuclear code. GOC:go_curators The directed movement of a protein from one location to another within a lipid bilayer. protein translocation within membrane receptor translocation within membrane receptor transport within lipid bilayer biological_process GO:0032594 protein transport within lipid bilayer The directed movement of a protein from one location to another within a lipid bilayer. GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. Includes polymerization of ribonucleotide monomers. Refers not only to transcription but also to e.g. viral RNA replication. RNA anabolism RNA biosynthesis RNA formation RNA synthesis biological_process GO:0032774 Note that, in some cases, viral RNA replication and viral transcription from RNA actually refer to the same process, but may be called differently depending on the focus of a specific research study. RNA biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. Includes polymerization of ribonucleotide monomers. Refers not only to transcription but also to e.g. viral RNA replication. GOC:mah GOC:txnOH All of the contents of a plasma membrane bounded cell projection, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the projection. cellular_component GO:0032838 plasma membrane bounded cell projection cytoplasm All of the contents of a plasma membrane bounded cell projection, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the projection. GOC:krc GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a process that reduces the internal pH of a cell. regulation of cell pH reduction regulation of cellular acidification regulation of intracellular pH reduction regulation of reduction of cellular pH regulation of reduction of pH in cell biological_process regulation of intracellular acidification GO:0032847 regulation of cellular pH reduction Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a process that reduces the internal pH of a cell. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a process that reduces the internal pH of a cell. down regulation of cellular pH reduction down-regulation of cellular pH reduction downregulation of cellular pH reduction negative regulation of cell pH reduction negative regulation of cellular acidification negative regulation of intracellular pH reduction negative regulation of reduction of cellular pH negative regulation of reduction of pH in cell inhibition of cellular pH reduction biological_process negative regulation of intracellular acidification GO:0032848 negative regulation of cellular pH reduction Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a process that reduces the internal pH of a cell. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a process that reduces the internal pH of a cell. positive regulation of cell pH reduction positive regulation of cellular acidification positive regulation of intracellular pH reduction positive regulation of reduction of cellular pH positive regulation of reduction of pH in cell up regulation of cellular pH reduction up-regulation of cellular pH reduction upregulation of cellular pH reduction activation of cellular pH reduction stimulation of cellular pH reduction biological_process positive regulation of intracellular acidification GO:0032849 positive regulation of cellular pH reduction Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a process that reduces the internal pH of a cell. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA endoreduplication. regulation of DNA endoreplication regulation of DNA re-duplication biological_process GO:0032875 regulation of DNA endoreduplication Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA endoreduplication. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA endoreduplication. down regulation of DNA endoreduplication down-regulation of DNA endoreduplication downregulation of DNA endoreduplication negative regulation of DNA endoreplication negative regulation of DNA re-duplication inhibition of DNA endoreduplication biological_process GO:0032876 negative regulation of DNA endoreduplication Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA endoreduplication. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA endoreduplication. positive regulation of DNA endoreplication positive regulation of DNA re-duplication up regulation of DNA endoreduplication up-regulation of DNA endoreduplication upregulation of DNA endoreduplication activation of DNA endoreduplication stimulation of DNA endoreduplication biological_process GO:0032877 positive regulation of DNA endoreduplication Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA endoreduplication. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns. biological_process GO:0032878 regulation of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. regulation of localisation biological_process GO:0032879 regulation of localization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. GOC:mah regulation of localisation GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. regulation of protein localisation biological_process GO:0032880 regulation of protein localization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. GOC:dph GOC:mah GOC:tb regulation of protein localisation GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any cellular process that depends upon or alters the microtubule cytoskeleton. biological_process GO:0032886 regulation of microtubule-based process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any cellular process that depends upon or alters the microtubule cytoskeleton. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the spindle. biological_process GO:0032887 regulation of spindle elongation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the spindle. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle. biological_process GO:0032888 regulation of mitotic spindle elongation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle. GOC:mah The controlled release of a substance by a cell. Wikipedia:Secretion cellular secretion biological_process GO:0032940 secretion by cell The controlled release of a substance by a cell. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins. regulation of actin cytoskeleton organisation biological_process regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis GO:0032956 regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins. GOC:mah regulation of actin cytoskeleton organisation GOC:mah regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any cellular process that depends upon or alters the actin cytoskeleton. biological_process GO:0032970 regulation of actin filament-based process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any cellular process that depends upon or alters the actin cytoskeleton. GOC:mah A supramolecular fiber containing myosin heavy chains, plus associated light chains and other proteins, in which the myosin heavy chains are arranged into a filament. cellular_component myosin thick filament thick filament GO:0032982 myosin filament A supramolecular fiber containing myosin heavy chains, plus associated light chains and other proteins, in which the myosin heavy chains are arranged into a filament. GOC:mah The disaggregation of a protein-containing macromolecular complex into its constituent components. GO:0034623 GO:0043241 protein complex disassembly biological_process cellular macromolecule complex disassembly macromolecule complex disassembly GO:0032984 protein-containing complex disassembly The disaggregation of a protein-containing macromolecular complex into its constituent components. GOC:mah The process in which cellular structures, including whole cells or cell parts, are generated and organized. cellular structure morphogenesis biological_process GO:0032989 cellular component morphogenesis The process in which cellular structures, including whole cells or cell parts, are generated and organized. GOC:dph GOC:mah GOC:tb cellular structure morphogenesis GOC:dph GOC:tb The process in which the anatomical structures of a cell part are generated and organized. biological_process GO:0032990 cell part morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a cell part are generated and organized. GOC:mah A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together. Any macromolecular complex composed of two or more polypeptide subunits, which may or may not be identical. Protein complexes may have other associated non-protein prosthetic groups, such as nucleotides, metal ions or carbohydrate groups. GO:0043234 macromolecular complex macromolecule complex protein containing complex protein-protein complex protein complex protein-protein complex cellular_component GO:0032991 A protein complex in this context is meant as a stable set of interacting proteins which can be co-purified by an acceptable method, and where the complex has been shown to exist as an isolated, functional unit in vivo. Acceptable experimental methods include stringent protein purification followed by detection of protein interaction. The following methods should be considered non-acceptable: simple immunoprecipitation, pull-down experiments from cell extracts without further purification, colocalization and 2-hybrid screening. Interactions that should not be captured as protein complexes include: 1) enzyme/substrate, receptor/ligand or any similar transient interactions, unless these are a critical part of the complex assembly or are required e.g. for the receptor to be functional; 2) proteins associated in a pull-down/co-immunoprecipitation assay with no functional link or any evidence that this is a defined biological entity rather than a loose-affinity complex; 3) any complex where the only evidence is based on genetic interaction data; 4) partial complexes, where some subunits (e.g. transmembrane ones) cannot be expressed as recombinant proteins and are excluded from experiments (in this case, independent evidence is necessary to find out the composition of the full complex, if known). Interactions that may be captured as protein complexes include: 1) enzyme/substrate or receptor/ligand if the complex can only assemble and become functional in the presence of both classes of subunits; 2) complexes where one of the members has not been shown to be physically linked to the other(s), but is a homologue of, and has the same functionality as, a protein that has been experimentally demonstrated to form a complex with the other member(s); 3) complexes whose existence is accepted based on localization and pharmacological studies, but for which experimental evidence is not yet available for the complex as a whole. Note that although at some level almost all cellular components can be thought of as protein complexes, this term is intended to exclude structures composed of the same repeating subunit or subunits, for example microtubules. Protein complexes encompassed by this term are generally not structural, and usually have a defined set of subunits. protein-containing complex A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together. GOC:dos GOC:mah Any macromolecular complex composed of two or more polypeptide subunits, which may or may not be identical. Protein complexes may have other associated non-protein prosthetic groups, such as nucleotides, metal ions or carbohydrate groups. GOC:go_curators Any process in which a macromolecule is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. macromolecule localisation biological_process GO:0033036 macromolecule localization Any process in which a macromolecule is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. GOC:mah macromolecule localisation GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle. regulation of organelle organisation biological_process regulation of organelle organization and biogenesis GO:0033043 regulation of organelle organization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle. GOC:mah regulation of organelle organisation GOC:mah regulation of organelle organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a chromosome. regulation of chromosome organisation biological_process regulation of chromosome organization and biogenesis GO:0033044 regulation of chromosome organization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a chromosome. GOC:mah regulation of chromosome organisation GOC:mah regulation of chromosome organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation. biological_process GO:0033045 regulation of sister chromatid segregation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation. biological_process GO:0033046 negative regulation of sister chromatid segregation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation during mitosis. biological_process GO:0033047 regulation of mitotic sister chromatid segregation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation during mitosis. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation during mitosis. biological_process GO:0033048 negative regulation of mitotic sister chromatid segregation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation during mitosis. GOC:mah Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another along an axis. biological_process GO:0033058 directional locomotion Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another along an axis. GOC:mtg_MIT_16mar07 The deposition or aggregation of coloring matter in a cell. biological_process GO:0033059 cellular pigmentation The deposition or aggregation of coloring matter in a cell. GOC:mtg_MIT_16mar07 Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA splicing. biological_process GO:0033119 negative regulation of RNA splicing Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA splicing. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA splicing. biological_process GO:0033120 positive regulation of RNA splicing Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA splicing. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells. biological_process GO:0033157 regulation of intracellular protein transport Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells. GOC:mah A cell cycle process that results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after meiosis, resulting in the separation of the original cell into two daughter cells. cytokinesis after meiosis biological_process GO:0033206 meiotic cytokinesis A cell cycle process that results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after meiosis, resulting in the separation of the original cell into two daughter cells. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform amines. regulation of amine metabolism biological_process GO:0033238 regulation of cellular amine metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform amines. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amines. negative regulation of amine metabolism biological_process GO:0033239 negative regulation of cellular amine metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amines. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amines. positive regulation of amine metabolism biological_process GO:0033240 positive regulation of cellular amine metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amines. GOC:mah The DNA-dependent DNA replication that occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms as part of the cell cycle. DNA replication involved in S phase DNA replication involved in S-phase nuclear cell cycle DNA replication biological_process DNA replication during S phase GO:0033260 nuclear DNA replication The DNA-dependent DNA replication that occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms as part of the cell cycle. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle DNA replication during S phase GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of The DNA-dependent DNA replication that occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms as part of the cell cycle. regulation of DNA replication involved in S phase regulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase biological_process regulation of DNA replication during S phase GO:0033262 regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of The DNA-dependent DNA replication that occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms as part of the cell cycle. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle regulation of DNA replication during S phase GOC:dph GOC:tb OBSOLETE. A part of an axon, a cell projection of a neuron. GO:0030424 NIF_Subcellular:sao280355188 cellular_component GO:0033267 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete axon part true OBSOLETE. A part of an axon, a cell projection of a neuron. GOC:jl A cell cycle checkpoint that ensures accurate chromosome replication and segregation by preventing progression through a meiotic cell cycle until conditions are suitable for the cell to proceed to the next stage. biological_process GO:0033313 meiotic cell cycle checkpoint A cell cycle checkpoint that ensures accurate chromosome replication and segregation by preventing progression through a meiotic cell cycle until conditions are suitable for the cell to proceed to the next stage. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle A cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a meiotic cell cycle until the spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle. biological_process GO:0033316 meiotic spindle assembly checkpoint A cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a meiotic cell cycle until the spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle. GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a secretory granule. A secretory granule is a small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. secretory granule organisation biological_process secretory granule organization and biogenesis GO:0033363 secretory granule organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a secretory granule. A secretory granule is a small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. GOC:mah secretory granule organisation GOC:mah secretory granule organization and biogenesis GOC:mah A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an organelle. protein localisation to organelle protein localization in organelle biological_process GO:0033365 protein localization to organelle A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an organelle. GOC:mah protein localisation to organelle GOC:mah protein localization in organelle GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). biological_process GO:0033554 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. cellular response to stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. down regulation of kinase activity down-regulation of kinase activity downregulation of kinase activity inhibition of kinase activity kinase inhibitor biological_process GO:0033673 negative regulation of kinase activity Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. up regulation of kinase activity up-regulation of kinase activity upregulation of kinase activity kinase activator stimulation of kinase activity biological_process GO:0033674 positive regulation of kinase activity Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating a decline in oxygen levels to trace amounts, <0.1%. response to anoxic stress biological_process GO:0034059 Note that this term should not be confused with 'response to hypoxia ; GO:0001666'. response to anoxia Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating a decline in oxygen levels to trace amounts, <0.1%. GOC:kmv Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells. biological_process GO:0034242 negative regulation of syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amides. regulation of amide metabolism biological_process GO:0034248 regulation of cellular amide metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amides. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amides. negative regulation of amide metabolism biological_process GO:0034249 negative regulation of cellular amide metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amides. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amides. positive regulation of amide metabolism biological_process GO:0034250 positive regulation of cellular amide metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amides. GOC:mah The process in which the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum triggers a response that positively regulates autophagy. autophagy in response to ER stress autophagy in response to endoplasmic reticulum overload biological_process GO:0034263 positive regulation of autophagy in response to ER overload The process in which the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum triggers a response that positively regulates autophagy. GOC:mah A process in which a protein transports or maintains the localization of another protein to the nucleus. 2012-11-07T15:45:54Z GO:0044744 protein localisation to nucleus protein localization in cell nucleus protein localization in nucleus biological_process protein targeting to nucleus GO:0034504 protein localization to nucleus A process in which a protein transports or maintains the localization of another protein to the nucleus. GOC:ecd protein localisation to nucleus GOC:mah protein localization in nucleus GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals. adaptive response to oxidative stress biological_process GO:0034599 cellular response to oxidative stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals. GOC:mah adaptive response to oxidative stress GOC:add GOC:vk The response by the male to a hermaphrodite after initial contact following mate finding. The male stops forward locomotion, presses the ventral side of his tail against his partner's body, and begins moving backward along the hermaphrodite. Male response behavior is initiated when sensory neurons located in the rays of his tail contact a potential mate. biological_process GO:0034606 response to hermaphrodite contact The response by the male to a hermaphrodite after initial contact following mate finding. The male stops forward locomotion, presses the ventral side of his tail against his partner's body, and begins moving backward along the hermaphrodite. Male response behavior is initiated when sensory neurons located in the rays of his tail contact a potential mate. PMID:18050467 WB_REF:WBPaper00002109 Location, by the male, of his partner's vulva when backing along the ventral side of the hermaphrodite during mating. The male stops at the vulva, coordinates his movements to the hermaphrodite's, and positions his tail precisely over the vulva so that he may insert his spicules and ejaculate. biological_process GO:0034608 vulval location Location, by the male, of his partner's vulva when backing along the ventral side of the hermaphrodite during mating. The male stops at the vulva, coordinates his movements to the hermaphrodite's, and positions his tail precisely over the vulva so that he may insert his spicules and ejaculate. PMID:18050467 Insertion of the male copulatory spicules into the hermaphrodite. Spicule insertion behavior initiates when the male cloaca contacts the vulva. During most mating encounters, the spicule tips will prod the vulva continuously until they partially penetrate, which then causes the protractors to contract completely so that the spicules extend through the vulva. biological_process GO:0034609 spicule insertion Insertion of the male copulatory spicules into the hermaphrodite. Spicule insertion behavior initiates when the male cloaca contacts the vulva. During most mating encounters, the spicule tips will prod the vulva continuously until they partially penetrate, which then causes the protractors to contract completely so that the spicules extend through the vulva. PMID:18050467 Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location at the level of a cell. Localization at the cellular level encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell. GO:0016249 cellular protein localisation channel localizer activity biological_process GO:0034613 cellular protein localization Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location at the level of a cell. Localization at the cellular level encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell. GOC:mah cellular protein localisation GOC:mah channel localizer activity GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an unfolded protein stimulus. biological_process heat shock protein activity GO:0034620 Note that this term should not be confused with 'unfolded protein response ; GO:0030968', which refers to the signaling pathways that respond to the presence of unfolded proteins in the ER. cellular response to unfolded protein Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an unfolded protein stimulus. GOC:mah The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex, occurring at the level of an individual cell. GO:0043623 cellular protein complex assembly biological_process cellular macromolecule complex assembly GO:0034622 cellular protein-containing complex assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex, occurring at the level of an individual cell. GOC:jl The chemical reactions and pathways involving various organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds, as carried out by individual cells. cellular nitrogen compound metabolism biological_process GO:0034641 cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving various organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds, as carried out by individual cells. GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers. cellular response to UV light stimulus cellular response to UV radiation stimulus cellular response to ultraviolet light stimulus cellular response to ultraviolet radiation stimulus biological_process GO:0034644 cellular response to UV Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers. GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass, carried out by individual cells. GO:0034961 cellular biopolymer biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule anabolism cellular macromolecule biosynthesis cellular macromolecule formation cellular macromolecule synthesis biological_process GO:0034645 cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass, carried out by individual cells. GOC:mah cellular biopolymer biosynthetic process GOC:mtg_chebi_dec09 cellular macromolecule anabolism GOC:mah cellular macromolecule biosynthesis GOC:mah cellular macromolecule formation GOC:mah cellular macromolecule synthesis GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid anabolism nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid biosynthesis nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid formation nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid synthesis biological_process GO:0034654 nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid breakdown nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid catabolism nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid degradation biological_process nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid catabolic process GO:0034655 nucleobase-containing compound catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. GOC:mah nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid catabolic process GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stress acting at the endoplasmic reticulum. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen. ER stress response cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress response to ER stress biological_process GO:0034976 response to endoplasmic reticulum stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stress acting at the endoplasmic reticulum. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen. GOC:cjm GOC:mah The directed movement of the male and female pronuclei towards each other prior to their fusion. biological_process GO:0035046 pronuclear migration The directed movement of the male and female pronuclei towards each other prior to their fusion. GOC:bf PMID:9199363 The rotation of centrosomes and associated pronuclei in one-cell embryos such as those of Caenorhabditis elegans, occurring as a transition between pronuclear migration and pronuclear fusion. biological_process GO:0035047 centrosomal and pronuclear rotation The rotation of centrosomes and associated pronuclei in one-cell embryos such as those of Caenorhabditis elegans, occurring as a transition between pronuclear migration and pronuclear fusion. GOC:bf ISBN:087969307X PMID:10085292 Behavior directed towards society, or taking place between members of the same species. Occurs predominantly, or only, in individuals that are part of a group. Wikipedia:Social_behavior social behaviour biological_process cooperative behavior GO:0035176 Behavior such as predation which involves members of different species is not social. Communication between members of different species is also not social behavior. social behavior Behavior directed towards society, or taking place between members of the same species. Occurs predominantly, or only, in individuals that are part of a group. GOC:jh2 PMID:12848939 Wikipedia:Social_behavior The movement of a larva through a feeding substrate whilst feeding on food. larval foraging behaviour biological_process GO:0035177 larval foraging behavior The movement of a larva through a feeding substrate whilst feeding on food. PMID:12848927 The emergence of an immature organism from a protective structure. biological_process GO:0035188 hatching The emergence of an immature organism from a protective structure. GOC:dgh GOC:isa_complete ISBN:0198612001 Any process of posttranscriptional gene inactivation (silencing) mediated by small RNA molecules that may trigger RNA (often mRNA) degradation or negatively regulate mRNA translation. RNA-mediated posttranscriptional gene silencing biological_process sense-PTGS GO:0035194 posttranscriptional gene silencing by RNA Any process of posttranscriptional gene inactivation (silencing) mediated by small RNA molecules that may trigger RNA (often mRNA) degradation or negatively regulate mRNA translation. GOC:aruk GOC:bc GOC:mah GOC:rl PMID:15020054 PMID:15066275 PMID:15066283 PMID:23985560 PMID:28379604 RNA-mediated posttranscriptional gene silencing GOC:dph GOC:tb The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tube over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues including lung and trachea, kidney, the mammary gland, the vascular system and the gastrointestinal and urinary-genital tracts. biological_process GO:0035295 tube development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tube over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues including lung and trachea, kidney, the mammary gland, the vascular system and the gastrointestinal and urinary-genital tracts. PMID:12526790 Any process in which a protein is maintained in the endoplasmic reticulum and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration within the endoplasmic reticulum, protein stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that escape the endoplasmic reticulum. rfoulger 2010-04-09T10:39:49Z maintenance of protein localisation in endoplasmic reticulum maintenance of protein localization in ER maintenance of protein location in ER maintenance of protein location in endoplasmic reticulum protein-ER retention protein-endoplasmic reticulum retention retention of protein in ER retention of protein in endoplasmic reticulum biological_process GO:0035437 maintenance of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum Any process in which a protein is maintained in the endoplasmic reticulum and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration within the endoplasmic reticulum, protein stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that escape the endoplasmic reticulum. GOC:bf GOC:vw maintenance of protein localisation in endoplasmic reticulum GOC:mah The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell. rfoulger 2010-05-14T01:14:37Z GO:0007242 GO:0007243 GO:0023013 GO:0023034 intracellular signaling chain intracellular protein kinase cascade intracellular signal transduction pathway protein kinase cascade signal transmission via intracellular cascade biological_process intracellular signaling cascade intracellular signaling pathway signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade GO:0035556 intracellular signal transduction The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell. GOC:bf GOC:jl GOC:signaling ISBN:3527303782 intracellular signaling chain ISBN:3527303782 intracellular protein kinase cascade GOC:signaling protein kinase cascade GOC:signaling intracellular signaling cascade GOC:signaling The directed movement of a protein to a specific location within the extracellular region. rfoulger 2010-11-09T10:25:08Z establishment of protein localisation in extracellular region establishment of protein localization in extracellular region biological_process GO:0035592 establishment of protein localization to extracellular region The directed movement of a protein to a specific location within the extracellular region. GOC:BHF GOC:bf establishment of protein localisation in extracellular region GOC:mah The transfer of information occurring at the level of a multicellular organism. rfoulger 2011-01-14T10:13:50Z multicellular organismal signalling biological_process GO:0035637 multicellular organismal signaling The transfer of information occurring at the level of a multicellular organism. GOC:go_curators multicellular organismal signalling GOC:bf The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a mitochondrial protein. This process is necessary to maintain the healthy state of mitochondria and is thought to occur via the induction of an intramitochondrial lysosome-like organelle that acts to eliminate the damaged oxidised mitochondrial proteins without destroying the mitochondrial structure. rfoulger 2011-02-28T11:06:40Z catabolism of mitochondrial protein degradation of damaged mitochondrial protein biological_process GO:0035694 mitochondrial protein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a mitochondrial protein. This process is necessary to maintain the healthy state of mitochondria and is thought to occur via the induction of an intramitochondrial lysosome-like organelle that acts to eliminate the damaged oxidised mitochondrial proteins without destroying the mitochondrial structure. GOC:sp PMID:21264221 PMID:21264228 catabolism of mitochondrial protein GOC:bf degradation of damaged mitochondrial protein GOC:bf A non-membranous macromolecular complex containing proteins and translationally silenced mRNAs. RNA granules contain proteins that control the localization, stability, and translation of their RNA cargo. Different types of RNA granules (RGs) exist, depending on the cell type and cellular conditions. rfoulger 2011-04-01T10:50:47Z RNP granule mRNP granule RNA granule cellular_component GO:0035770 ribonucleoprotein granule A non-membranous macromolecular complex containing proteins and translationally silenced mRNAs. RNA granules contain proteins that control the localization, stability, and translation of their RNA cargo. Different types of RNA granules (RGs) exist, depending on the cell type and cellular conditions. GOC:go_curators GOC:sp PMID:16520386 PMID:20368989 PMID:21436445 The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or processes of a second organism. rfoulger 2011-04-21T01:31:51Z regulation of morphology of other organism regulation of physiological process of other organism regulation of physiology of other organism biological_process regulation of morphology or physiology of other organism GO:0035821 modification of morphology or physiology of other organism The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or processes of a second organism. GOC:bf regulation of morphology of other organism GOC:bf regulation of physiological process of other organism GOC:bf regulation of physiology of other organism GOC:bf regulation of morphology or physiology of other organism GOC:bf A DNA recombination process that results in the equal exchange of genetic material between the recombining DNA molecules. rfoulger 2011-05-04T01:23:31Z Wikipedia:Chromosomal_crossover interchromosomal DNA recombination interstrand DNA recombination reciprocal DNA recombination biological_process chromosomal crossover GO:0035825 homologous recombination A DNA recombination process that results in the equal exchange of genetic material between the recombining DNA molecules. GOC:mah PMID:11139492 PMID:17304215 chromosomal crossover GOC:mah Wikipedia:Chromosomal_crossover The rhythmic process of defecation that consists of an intestinal oscillator which regulates calcium waves. These waves in turn control a stereotypical, three-part pattern of muscle contractions. In some organisms, defecation can recur with a regularity more frequent than every 24 hours. For example, in a well-fed Caenorhabditis elegans, the defecation motor program occurs approximately every 45 seconds, and is temperature- and touch-compensated. rfoulger 2011-06-06T11:36:35Z DMP defecation cycle defecation motor program biological_process defecation behavior GO:0035882 defecation rhythm The rhythmic process of defecation that consists of an intestinal oscillator which regulates calcium waves. These waves in turn control a stereotypical, three-part pattern of muscle contractions. In some organisms, defecation can recur with a regularity more frequent than every 24 hours. For example, in a well-fed Caenorhabditis elegans, the defecation motor program occurs approximately every 45 seconds, and is temperature- and touch-compensated. GOC:bf GOC:kmv PMID:7479775 PMID:8158250 PMID:9066270 DMP PMID:9066270 defecation cycle PMID:8158250 defecation motor program GOC:kmv PMID:9066270 defecation behavior PMID:7479775 PMID:9066270 The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components by an organism to form a pore complex in a membrane of another organism. rfoulger 2011-07-01T11:45:01Z pore biosynthesis in other organism pore complex assembly in other organism pore complex biogenesis in other organism pore formation in other organism biological_process pore-forming toxin activity GO:0035915 pore formation in membrane of other organism The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components by an organism to form a pore complex in a membrane of another organism. GOC:bf GOC:fj PMID:21549739 pore biosynthesis in other organism GOC:bf pore complex biogenesis in other organism GOC:bf pore formation in other organism GOC:bf pore-forming toxin activity GOC:bf Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a protein that is not folded in its correct three-dimensional structure. rfoulger 2011-08-03T11:43:12Z biological_process response to misfolded or unfolded protein GO:0035966 response to topologically incorrect protein Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a protein that is not folded in its correct three-dimensional structure. GOC:bf response to misfolded or unfolded protein GOC:bf Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a protein that is not folded in its correct three-dimensional structure. rfoulger 2011-08-03T11:44:50Z biological_process cellular response to misfolded or unfolded protein GO:0035967 cellular response to topologically incorrect protein Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a protein that is not folded in its correct three-dimensional structure. GOC:bf cellular response to misfolded or unfolded protein GOC:bf A prolongation or process extending from a muscle cell. A muscle cell is a mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte. This cell has as part of its cytoplasm myofibrils organized in various patterns. rfoulger 2012-04-20T10:20:47Z myocyte projection muscle arm myopodia cellular_component GO:0036194 muscle cell projection A prolongation or process extending from a muscle cell. A muscle cell is a mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte. This cell has as part of its cytoplasm myofibrils organized in various patterns. CL:0000187 GOC:kmv PMID:15930100 PMID:22464329 myocyte projection CL:0000187 muscle arm GOC:kmv myopodia GOC:kmv The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications). Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification). rfoulger 2012-04-26T01:47:12Z protein modification biological_process GO:0036211 protein modification process The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications). Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification). GOC:bf GOC:jl protein modification GOC:bf Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antidepressant stimulus, a mood-stimulating drug. rfoulger 2012-07-09T02:12:44Z biological_process GO:0036276 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct manual annotation of gene products. It was created to be used for cross-referencing by other ontologies. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to antidepressant Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antidepressant stimulus, a mood-stimulating drug. GOC:hp Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting a decline in the level of oxygen. rfoulger 2012-07-20T01:05:46Z response to lowered oxygen levels biological_process GO:0036293 This term should be used when a decrease in oxygen levels is not considered a stress response. For a hypoxic stress response, consider instead 'response to hypoxia ; GO:0001666'. response to decreased oxygen levels Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting a decline in the level of oxygen. GOC:al response to lowered oxygen levels GOC:bf Any of the smallest contractile units of a myofibril (striated muscle fiber). rfoulger 2013-05-22T14:39:06Z striated muscle filament cellular_component GO:0036379 myofilament Any of the smallest contractile units of a myofibril (striated muscle fiber). Wikipedia:Myofilament striated muscle filament GOC:bf Any process in which DNA and associated proteins are formed into a compact, orderly structure within a nucleoid. rfoulger 2013-05-30T10:36:05Z biological_process GO:0036385 nucleoid DNA packaging Any process in which DNA and associated proteins are formed into a compact, orderly structure within a nucleoid. GOC:bf GOC:bhm A ribonucleoprotein granule located in the cytoplasm. rebeccafoulger 2014-06-18T09:44:44Z Staufen granule cellular_component GO:0036464 cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule A ribonucleoprotein granule located in the cytoplasm. GOC:PARL GOC:bf PMID:15121898 Staufen granule PMID:15121898 The trafficking of synaptic vesicles from the pre-synaptic membrane so the vesicle can dock and prime for another round of exocytosis and neurotransmitter release. Recycling occurs after synaptic vesicle exocytosis, and is necessary to replenish presynaptic vesicle pools, sustain transmitter release and preserve the structural integrity of the presynaptic membrane. Recycling can occur following transient fusion with the presynaptic membrane (kiss and run), or via endocytosis of presynaptic membrane. rebeccafoulger 2014-06-26T11:03:08Z kiss-and-run synaptic vesicle recycling kiss-and-stay synaptic vesicle recycling biological_process GO:0036465 synaptic vesicle recycling The trafficking of synaptic vesicles from the pre-synaptic membrane so the vesicle can dock and prime for another round of exocytosis and neurotransmitter release. Recycling occurs after synaptic vesicle exocytosis, and is necessary to replenish presynaptic vesicle pools, sustain transmitter release and preserve the structural integrity of the presynaptic membrane. Recycling can occur following transient fusion with the presynaptic membrane (kiss and run), or via endocytosis of presynaptic membrane. GOC:PARL GOC:bf GOC:pad PMID:15217342 PMID:22026965 PMID:23245563 kiss-and-run synaptic vesicle recycling PMID:15217342 kiss-and-stay synaptic vesicle recycling PMID:152127342 Receiving a signal and transmitting it in the cell to initiate a change in cell activity. A signal is a physical entity or change in state that is used to transfer information in order to trigger a response. rfoulger 2011-08-01T02:45:27Z GO:0004872 GO:0019041 receptor activity receptor activity involved in signal transduction molecular_function GO:0038023 signaling receptor activity Receiving a signal and transmitting it in the cell to initiate a change in cell activity. A signal is a physical entity or change in state that is used to transfer information in order to trigger a response. GOC:bf GOC:signaling receptor activity involved in signal transduction GOC:bf Binding specifically to a substance (cargo) to deliver it to a transport vesicle. Cargo receptors span a membrane (either the plasma membrane or a vesicle membrane), binding simultaneously to cargo molecules and coat adaptors, to efficiently recruit soluble proteins to nascent vesicles. rfoulger 2011-08-01T02:50:45Z receptor activity transport receptor activity endocytic receptor activity receptor activity involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis molecular_function GO:0038024 Notes: (1) this term and its child terms are intended for receptors that bind to and internalize molecules by receptor-mediated endocytosis. For receptors that are coupled to a signal transduction pathway, consider instead the term 'signaling receptor activity ; GO:0038023' and its children. (2) Cargo receptors transport substances by vesicular transport, not by transmembrane transport. For transmembrane transporters, consider instead the term 'transmembrane transporter activity ; GO:0022857. cargo receptor activity Binding specifically to a substance (cargo) to deliver it to a transport vesicle. Cargo receptors span a membrane (either the plasma membrane or a vesicle membrane), binding simultaneously to cargo molecules and coat adaptors, to efficiently recruit soluble proteins to nascent vesicles. PMID:15239958 PMID:27903609 transport receptor activity GOC:signaling endocytic receptor activity GOC:signaling ISBN:0123645387 PMID:12671190 receptor activity involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis GOC:bf The cell cycle process in which the directed movement of the mitotic spindle to a specific location in the cell occurs. GO:0018986 GO:0030605 GO:0030606 GO:0030608 GO:0030610 establishment of mitotic spindle localisation mitotic spindle positioning mitotic spindle positioning or orientation spindle positioning involved in mitotic cell cycle mitotic spindle positioning and orientation biological_process spindle positioning during mitosis GO:0040001 establishment of mitotic spindle localization The cell cycle process in which the directed movement of the mitotic spindle to a specific location in the cell occurs. GOC:ai establishment of mitotic spindle localisation GOC:mah spindle positioning involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:dph GOC:tb Synthesis and deposition of a collagen and cuticulin-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans. collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle anabolism collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle biosynthetic process collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle formation collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle synthesis biological_process GO:0040002 collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle development Synthesis and deposition of a collagen and cuticulin-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans. GOC:mtg_sensu Attaching of a collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle to the epithelium underlying it. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans. cuticular attachment to epithelium biological_process GO:0040004 collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle attachment to epithelium Attaching of a collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle to the epithelium underlying it. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans. GOC:ems GOC:mtg_sensu The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell. GO:0048590 biological_process growth pattern non-developmental growth GO:0040007 See also the biological process term 'cell growth ; GO:0016049'. growth The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell. GOC:bf GOC:ma non-developmental growth GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the growth of all or part of an organism so that it occurs at its proper speed, either globally or in a specific part of the organism's development. biological_process GO:0040008 regulation of growth Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the growth of all or part of an organism so that it occurs at its proper speed, either globally or in a specific part of the organism's development. GOC:ems GOC:mah Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another. MIPS_funcat:02.45.11 biological_process GO:0040011 locomotion Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another. GOC:dgh Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism. biological_process GO:0040012 regulation of locomotion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism. GOC:ems Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism. down regulation of locomotion down-regulation of locomotion downregulation of locomotion inhibition of locomotion biological_process GO:0040013 negative regulation of locomotion Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism. up regulation of locomotion up-regulation of locomotion upregulation of locomotion activation of locomotion stimulation of locomotion biological_process GO:0040017 positive regulation of locomotion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development. up regulation of embryonic development up-regulation of embryonic development upregulation of embryonic development activation of embryonic development stimulation of embryonic development biological_process GO:0040019 positive regulation of embryonic development Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic nuclear division, the process in which the nucleus of a diploid cell divides twice forming four haploid cells, one or more of which usually function as gametes. regulation of meiosis biological_process GO:0040020 regulation of meiotic nuclear division Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic nuclear division, the process in which the nucleus of a diploid cell divides twice forming four haploid cells, one or more of which usually function as gametes. GOC:ems GOC:ma regulation of meiosis GOC:vw The determination of sex and sexual phenotype in the germ line of a hermaphrodite. GO:0042005 biological_process GO:0040021 hermaphrodite germ-line sex determination The determination of sex and sexual phenotype in the germ line of a hermaphrodite. GOC:ems The determination of female sex and sexual phenotype in the germ-line of the hermaphrodite. biological_process GO:0040022 feminization of hermaphroditic germ-line The determination of female sex and sexual phenotype in the germ-line of the hermaphrodite. GOC:ems The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dauer larva over time, through the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage, with specialized traits adapted for dispersal and long-term survival, with elevated stress resistance and without feeding. biological_process GO:0040024 dauer larval development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dauer larva over time, through the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage, with specialized traits adapted for dispersal and long-term survival, with elevated stress resistance and without feeding. GOC:ems ISBN:087969307X The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult. biological_process GO:0040025 vulval development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult. GOC:ems GOC:kmv ISBN:087969307X Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of development of the vulva. Vulval development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult. biological_process activation of vulval development stimulation of vulval development up regulation of vulval development up-regulation of vulval development upregulation of vulval development GO:0040026 positive regulation of vulval development Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of development of the vulva. Vulval development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult. GOC:ems GOC:kmv Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of development of the vulva. Vulval development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult. down regulation of vulval development down-regulation of vulval development downregulation of vulval development inhibition of vulval development biological_process GO:0040027 negative regulation of vulval development Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of development of the vulva. Vulval development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult. GOC:ems GOC:kmv Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of development of the vulva. Vulval development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult. biological_process GO:0040028 regulation of vulval development Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of development of the vulva. Vulval development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult. GOC:kmv GOC:ma Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression; the process is mitotically or meiotically heritable, or is stably self-propagated in the cytoplasm of a resting cell, and does not entail a change in DNA sequence. biological_process GO:0040029 regulation of gene expression, epigenetic Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression; the process is mitotically or meiotically heritable, or is stably self-propagated in the cytoplasm of a resting cell, and does not entail a change in DNA sequence. PMID:10521337 PMID:11498582 Any process, mediated by small non-coding RNAs, that stops, prevents or reduces the rate that mRNAs are effectively translated into protein. down regulation of mRNA translation, ncRNA-mediated down-regulation of mRNA translation, ncRNA-mediated downregulation of mRNA translation, ncRNA-mediated inhibition of mRNA translation, ncRNA-mediated biological_process GO:0040033 negative regulation of translation, ncRNA-mediated Any process, mediated by small non-coding RNAs, that stops, prevents or reduces the rate that mRNAs are effectively translated into protein. GOC:dph GOC:ems GOC:tb Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which an integrated living unit or organism progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and the rate at which this time point is reached. heterochronic regulation of development temporal regulation of development biological_process developmental timing GO:0040034 regulation of development, heterochronic Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which an integrated living unit or organism progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and the rate at which this time point is reached. PMID:9442909 The cell cycle process in which two small cells are generated, as byproducts destined to degenerate, as a result of the first and second meiotic divisions of a primary oocyte during its development to a mature ovum. One polar body is formed in the first division of meiosis and the other in the second division; at each division, the cytoplasm divides unequally, so that the polar body is of much smaller size than the developing oocyte. At the second division in which a polar body is formed, the polar body and the developing oocyte each contain a haploid set of chromosomes. biological_process GO:0040038 polar body extrusion after meiotic divisions The cell cycle process in which two small cells are generated, as byproducts destined to degenerate, as a result of the first and second meiotic divisions of a primary oocyte during its development to a mature ovum. One polar body is formed in the first division of meiosis and the other in the second division; at each division, the cytoplasm divides unequally, so that the polar body is of much smaller size than the developing oocyte. At the second division in which a polar body is formed, the polar body and the developing oocyte each contain a haploid set of chromosomes. GOC:ems ISBN:0198506732 Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of temperature. behavioral response to temperature stimulus behavioural response to temperature stimulus thermosensory behaviour biological_process GO:0040040 thermosensory behavior Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of temperature. GOC:ems Regulated re-replication of DNA within a single cell cycle, resulting in an increased cell ploidy. An example of this process occurs in the synthesis of Drosophila salivary gland cell polytene chromosomes. DNA endoreplication DNA re-duplication biological_process GO:0042023 Note that this term is only to be used in situations were this process occurs normally. Not to be used to describe mutant or diseased states. DNA endoreduplication Regulated re-replication of DNA within a single cell cycle, resulting in an increased cell ploidy. An example of this process occurs in the synthesis of Drosophila salivary gland cell polytene chromosomes. GOC:jl GOC:vw The behavior of an organism in response to an odor. behavioral response to scent behavioral response to smell behavioural response to odour behavioural response to scent behavioural response to smell olfactory behaviour biological_process GO:0042048 olfactory behavior The behavior of an organism in response to an odor. GOC:jid GOC:pr Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine. regulation of dopamine metabolism biological_process GO:0042053 regulation of dopamine metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catecholamines. regulation of catecholamine metabolism biological_process GO:0042069 regulation of catecholamine metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catecholamines. GOC:go_curators The bidirectional movement of large protein complexes along microtubules within a cilium, mediated by motor proteins. GO:0035734 Wikipedia:Intraflagellar_transport intraflagellar transport intraflagellar transport involved in cilium organization intraflagellar transport involved in microtubule-based flagellum organisation biological_process IFT GO:0042073 Note that we deem cilium and microtubule-based flagellum to be equivalent. intraciliary transport The bidirectional movement of large protein complexes along microtubules within a cilium, mediated by motor proteins. GOC:cilia GOC:kmv PMID:17981739 PMID:18180368 PMID:22869374 Reactome:R-HSA-5620924.2 The migration of individual cells within the blastocyst to help establish the multi-layered body plan of the organism (gastrulation). For example, the migration of cells from the surface to the interior of the embryo (ingression). biological_process GO:0042074 cell migration involved in gastrulation The migration of individual cells within the blastocyst to help establish the multi-layered body plan of the organism (gastrulation). For example, the migration of cells from the surface to the interior of the embryo (ingression). GOC:jl ISBN:0878932437 http://www.cellmigration.org/ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation. biological_process regulation of cell proliferation GO:0042127 regulation of cell population proliferation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation. GOC:jl The chemical reactions and pathways involving neurotransmitters, any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. neurotransmitter metabolism biological_process GO:0042133 neurotransmitter metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving neurotransmitters, any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. GOC:jl The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. neurotransmitter breakdown neurotransmitter catabolism neurotransmitter degradation biological_process GO:0042135 neurotransmitter catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. GOC:jl The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. neurotransmitter biosynthesis and storage neurotransmitter biosynthetic process and storage neurotransmitter anabolism neurotransmitter biosynthesis neurotransmitter formation neurotransmitter synthesis biological_process GO:0042136 neurotransmitter biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. GOC:jl Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. regulation of protein breakdown regulation of protein catabolism regulation of protein degradation biological_process GO:0042176 regulation of protein catabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. GOC:go_curators GOC:jl Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. down regulation of protein catabolic process down-regulation of protein catabolic process downregulation of protein catabolic process negative regulation of protein breakdown negative regulation of protein catabolism negative regulation of protein degradation inhibition of protein catabolic process biological_process GO:0042177 negative regulation of protein catabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. GOC:go_curators GOC:jl PMID:10207076 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus. MIPS_funcat:34.11.03 MIPS_funcat:34.11.03.05 MIPS_funcat:36.20.35.09 response to chemical stimulus response to chemical substance biological_process GO:0042221 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to chemical Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus. GOC:jl response to chemical stimulus GOC:dos The periodic casting off and regeneration of an outer covering of cuticle, feathers, hair, horns, skin, etc. biological_process GO:0042303 molting cycle The periodic casting off and regeneration of an outer covering of cuticle, feathers, hair, horns, skin, etc. GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups into a molecule. biological_process GO:0042325 regulation of phosphorylation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups into a molecule. GOC:jl Any process that stops, prevents or decreases the rate of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule. down regulation of phosphorylation down-regulation of phosphorylation downregulation of phosphorylation inhibition of phosphorylation biological_process GO:0042326 negative regulation of phosphorylation Any process that stops, prevents or decreases the rate of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule. GOC:jl Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule. up regulation of phosphorylation up-regulation of phosphorylation upregulation of phosphorylation activation of phosphorylation stimulation of phosphorylation biological_process GO:0042327 positive regulation of phosphorylation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule. GOC:jl The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to an external stimulus. Wikipedia:Taxis directed movement in response to stimulus biological_process GO:0042330 taxis The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to an external stimulus. GOC:jl ISBN:0192801023 The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to light. GO:0046953 MIPS_funcat:34.11.01.05 Wikipedia:Phototaxis phototactic behavior phototactic behaviour taxis in response to light biological_process GO:0042331 phototaxis The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to light. GOC:jl ISBN:0192800981 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cuticle, the outer layer of some animals and plants, which acts to prevent water loss. cuticle anabolism cuticle biosynthesis cuticle biosynthetic process cuticle formation cuticle synthesis biological_process GO:0042335 cuticle development The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cuticle, the outer layer of some animals and plants, which acts to prevent water loss. ISBN:0192800825 Synthesis and deposition of a collagen and cuticulin-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet, occurring as part of the molting cycle. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans. cuticle anabolism during molting cuticle biosynthetic process during molting cuticle formation during molting cuticle synthesis during molting biological_process collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle development during molting GO:0042338 cuticle development involved in collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle molting cycle Synthesis and deposition of a collagen and cuticulin-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet, occurring as part of the molting cycle. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans. GOC:mtg_sensu collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle development during molting GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane. biological_process GO:0042391 regulation of membrane potential Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane. GOC:jl GOC:mtg_cardio GOC:tb ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline. dopamine anabolism dopamine biosynthesis dopamine formation dopamine synthesis biological_process GO:0042416 dopamine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline. GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline. dopamine metabolism biological_process GO:0042417 dopamine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline. GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline. dopamine breakdown dopamine catabolism dopamine degradation biological_process GO:0042420 dopamine catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline. GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. MIPS_funcat:01.20.35.03 Wikipedia:Catecholamines catecholamine anabolism catecholamine biosynthesis catecholamine formation catecholamine synthesis biological_process GO:0042423 catecholamine biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. catecholamine breakdown catecholamine catabolism catecholamine degradation biological_process GO:0042424 catecholamine catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties. Wikipedia:Serotonin serotonin anabolism serotonin biosynthesis serotonin formation serotonin synthesis biological_process GO:0042427 serotonin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties. GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties. serotonin metabolism biological_process GO:0042428 serotonin metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties. GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties. serotonin breakdown serotonin catabolism serotonin degradation biological_process GO:0042429 serotonin catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties. GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton. GO:0042434 indole and derivative metabolic process indole and derivative metabolism indole-containing compound metabolism ketole metabolic process ketole metabolism indole derivative metabolic process indole derivative metabolism biological_process GO:0042430 indole-containing compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton. GOC:jl GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton. indole derivative biosynthesis indole derivative biosynthetic process indole-containing compound anabolism indole-containing compound biosynthesis indole-containing compound formation indole-containing compound synthesis biological_process GO:0042435 indole-containing compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton. GOC:jl The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton. indole derivative catabolic process indole derivative catabolism indole-containing compound breakdown indole-containing compound catabolism indole-containing compound degradation biological_process GO:0042436 indole-containing compound catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton. GOC:jl The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol) and compounds derived from it. ethanolamine and derivative metabolic process ethanolamine and derivative metabolism ethanolamine-containing compound metabolism biological_process GO:0042439 ethanolamine-containing compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol) and compounds derived from it. GOC:mah ethanolamine-containing compound metabolism GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone. hormone metabolism biological_process GO:0042445 hormone metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone. GOC:jl Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease. GO:0017035 biological_process drug resistance drug susceptibility/resistance GO:0042493 response to drug Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease. GOC:jl A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a neuron to attain its fully functional state. biological_process GO:0042551 neuron maturation A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a neuron to attain its fully functional state. GOC:dph GOC:jl Cytoplasmic organelles, spherical or oval in shape, that are bounded by a single membrane and contain oxidative enzymes, especially those utilizing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Wikipedia:Microbody cellular_component GO:0042579 microbody Cytoplasmic organelles, spherical or oval in shape, that are bounded by a single membrane and contain oxidative enzymes, especially those utilizing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). ISBN:0198506732 Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state. GO:0032844 GO:0032845 GO:0032846 homeostasis activation of homeostatic process inhibition of homeostatic process biological_process negative regulation of homeostatic process positive regulation of homeostatic process regulation of homeostatic process GO:0042592 homeostatic process Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state. GOC:jl ISBN:0395825172 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of nourishment. MIPS_funcat:32.01.11 biological_process GO:0042594 response to starvation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of nourishment. GOC:go_curators The region of a mitochondrion to which the DNA is confined. cellular_component GO:0042645 mitochondrial nucleoid The region of a mitochondrion to which the DNA is confined. GOC:jl Any process that mediates the adoption of a specific fate by a cell. biological_process GO:0042659 regulation of cell fate specification Any process that mediates the adoption of a specific fate by a cell. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or enables a cell to adopt a specific fate. up regulation of cell fate specification up-regulation of cell fate specification upregulation of cell fate specification activation of cell fate specification stimulation of cell fate specification biological_process GO:0042660 positive regulation of cell fate specification Any process that activates or enables a cell to adopt a specific fate. GOC:go_curators The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a muscle cell. biological_process myogenesis GO:0042692 muscle cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a muscle cell. CL:0000187 GOC:go_curators The expulsion of seminal fluid, thick white fluid containing spermatozoa, from the male genital tract. biological_process GO:0042713 sperm ejaculation The expulsion of seminal fluid, thick white fluid containing spermatozoa, from the male genital tract. GOC:jl http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a drug, a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease. drug breakdown drug catabolism drug degradation biological_process GO:0042737 drug catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a drug, a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm. A circadian rhythm is a biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. biological_process GO:0042752 regulation of circadian rhythm Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm. A circadian rhythm is a biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:tb Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm behavior. up regulation of circadian rhythm up-regulation of circadian rhythm upregulation of circadian rhythm activation of circadian rhythm stimulation of circadian rhythm biological_process GO:0042753 positive regulation of circadian rhythm Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm behavior. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm behavior. down regulation of circadian rhythm down-regulation of circadian rhythm downregulation of circadian rhythm inhibition of circadian rhythm biological_process GO:0042754 negative regulation of circadian rhythm Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm behavior. GOC:go_curators The specific behavior of an organism relating to the intake of food, any substance (usually solid) that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue. eating behaviour biological_process GO:0042755 eating behavior The specific behavior of an organism relating to the intake of food, any substance (usually solid) that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue. GOC:jl GOC:pr PMID:19361967 A cascade of processes induced by the detection of DNA damage within a cell. DNA damage response, signal transduction response to DNA damage stimulus by intracellular signaling cascade biological_process GO:0042770 signal transduction in response to DNA damage A cascade of processes induced by the detection of DNA damage within a cell. GOC:go_curators response to DNA damage stimulus by intracellular signaling cascade GOC:dph GOC:tb The chemical reactions and pathways involving pheromones, a substance that is secreted and released by an organism and detected by a second organism of the same or a closely related species, in which it causes a specific reaction, such as a definite behavioral reaction or a developmental process. pheromone metabolism biological_process GO:0042810 pheromone metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving pheromones, a substance that is secreted and released by an organism and detected by a second organism of the same or a closely related species, in which it causes a specific reaction, such as a definite behavioral reaction or a developmental process. ISBN:0198506732 The directed movement of an amide, any compound containing one, two, or three acyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. biological_process GO:0042886 amide transport The directed movement of an amide, any compound containing one, two, or three acyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process. regulation of apoptosis biological_process apoptosis regulator activity GO:0042981 This term should only be used when it is not possible to determine which phase or subtype of the apoptotic process is regulated by a gene product. Whenever detailed information is available, the more granular children terms should be used. regulation of apoptotic process Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process. GOC:jl GOC:mtg_apoptosis A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon. cell process cellular process cellular projection cellular_component GO:0042995 cell projection cell projection A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon. GOC:jl http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite. NIF_Subcellular:sao867568886 neuron process neuron protrusion neuronal cell projection neurite cellular_component nerve fiber GO:0043005 neuron projection neuron projection A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite. GOC:jl http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ neuron protrusion NIF_Subcellular:sao250931889 nerve fiber GOC:dph The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another. This may include the translation of a precursor protein and its subsequent processing into a functional peptide. peptide anabolism peptide biosynthesis peptide formation peptide synthesis biological_process GO:0043043 peptide biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another. This may include the translation of a precursor protein and its subsequent processing into a functional peptide. GOC:dph GOC:jl The contraction and relaxation movements of the pharyngeal muscle that mediate feeding in nematodes. biological_process pumping behavior GO:0043050 pharyngeal pumping The contraction and relaxation movements of the pharyngeal muscle that mediate feeding in nematodes. GOC:cab1 PMID:2181052 Any process that modulates the contraction and relaxation movements of the pharyngeal muscle that mediates feeding in nematodes. biological_process GO:0043051 regulation of pharyngeal pumping Any process that modulates the contraction and relaxation movements of the pharyngeal muscle that mediates feeding in nematodes. GOC:cab1 PMID:2181052 The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a temperature gradient. Movement may be towards either a higher or lower temperature. Wikipedia:Thermotaxis taxis in response to temperature stimulus biological_process GO:0043052 thermotaxis The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a temperature gradient. Movement may be towards either a higher or lower temperature. GOC:cab1 WB_REF:cgc467 Entry into the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage of nematode development. nematode entry into dormancy biological_process GO:0043053 dauer entry Entry into the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage of nematode development. GOC:cab1 GOC:kmv PMID:10077613 Exit from the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage of nematode development. exit from nematode dormancy biological_process GO:0043054 dauer exit Exit from the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage of nematode development. GOC:cab1 PMID:12620986 Posterior movement of an organism, e.g. following the direction of the tail of an animal. biological_process GO:0043057 backward locomotion Posterior movement of an organism, e.g. following the direction of the tail of an animal. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the speed, mechanical force, or rhythm of the posterior movement of an organism. biological_process GO:0043058 regulation of backward locomotion Any process that modulates the speed, mechanical force, or rhythm of the posterior movement of an organism. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. up regulation of apoptosis up-regulation of apoptosis upregulation of apoptosis activation of apoptosis positive regulation of apoptosis stimulation of apoptosis biological_process pro-apoptosis GO:0043065 This term should only be used when it is not possible to determine which phase or subtype of the apoptotic process is positively regulated by a gene product. Whenever detailed information is available, the more granular children terms should be used. positive regulation of apoptotic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. GOC:jl GOC:mtg_apoptosis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. GO:0006916 anti-apoptosis down regulation of apoptosis down-regulation of apoptosis downregulation of apoptosis inhibition of apoptosis negative regulation of apoptosis biological_process apoptosis inhibitor activity pro-survival GO:0043066 This term should only be used when it is not possible to determine which phase or subtype of the apoptotic process is negatively regulated by a gene product. Whenever detailed information is available, the more granular children terms should be used. negative regulation of apoptotic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. GOC:jl GOC:mtg_apoptosis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes. GO:0043070 regulation of non-apoptotic programmed cell death biological_process GO:0043067 regulation of programmed cell death Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes. GOC:jl Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes. GO:0043071 up regulation of programmed cell death up-regulation of programmed cell death upregulation of programmed cell death activation of programmed cell death positive regulation of non-apoptotic programmed cell death stimulation of programmed cell death biological_process GO:0043068 positive regulation of programmed cell death Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes. GOC:jl Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes. GO:0043072 down regulation of programmed cell death down-regulation of programmed cell death downregulation of programmed cell death inhibition of programmed cell death negative regulation of non-apoptotic programmed cell death biological_process GO:0043069 negative regulation of programmed cell death Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes. GOC:jl Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme. GO:0048554 MIPS_funcat:18.02.01.01 positive regulation of enzyme activity up regulation of enzyme activity up-regulation of enzyme activity upregulation of enzyme activity activation of enzyme activity activation of metalloenzyme activity positive regulation of metalloenzyme activity stimulation of enzyme activity stimulation of metalloenzyme activity up regulation of metalloenzyme activity up-regulation of metalloenzyme activity upregulation of metalloenzyme activity biological_process GO:0043085 positive regulation of catalytic activity Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme. GOC:ebc GOC:jl GOC:tb GOC:vw positive regulation of enzyme activity GOC:tb Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an enzyme. GO:0048553 down regulation of enzyme activity down-regulation of enzyme activity down-regulation of metalloenzyme activity downregulation of enzyme activity negative regulation of enzyme activity down regulation of metalloenzyme activity downregulation of metalloenzyme activity inhibition of enzyme activity inhibition of metalloenzyme activity negative regulation of metalloenzyme activity biological_process GO:0043086 negative regulation of catalytic activity Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an enzyme. GOC:ebc GOC:jl GOC:tb GOC:vw negative regulation of enzyme activity GOC:tb Any process in which proteins and protein complexes involved in translation are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. establishment and maintenance of translational machinery localization establishment and maintenance of translational protein localization regulation of translation by machinery localisation translational machinery localization translational protein localization biological_process GO:0043143 regulation of translation by machinery localization Any process in which proteins and protein complexes involved in translation are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. GOC:jl regulation of translation by machinery localisation GOC:mah translational machinery localization GOC:dph GOC:tb The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. GO:0043283 GO:0044259 biopolymer metabolic process macromolecule metabolism organismal macromolecule metabolism multicellular organismal macromolecule metabolic process biological_process GO:0043170 macromolecule metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. GOC:mah biopolymer metabolic process GOC:mtg_chebi_dec09 A small cytoplasmic, non-membranous RNA/protein complex aggregates in the primordial germ cells of many higher eukaryotes. GO:0018994 nuage germline granule polar granule cellular_component GO:0043186 P granule A small cytoplasmic, non-membranous RNA/protein complex aggregates in the primordial germ cells of many higher eukaryotes. GOC:dph GOC:kmv PMID:11262230 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external biotic stimulus, an external stimulus caused by, or produced by living things. biological_process GO:0043207 response to external biotic stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external biotic stimulus, an external stimulus caused by, or produced by living things. GOC:go_curators Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane. NIF_Subcellular:sao1539965131 Wikipedia:Organelle cellular_component GO:0043226 organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane. GOC:go_curators Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. NIF_Subcellular:sao414196390 membrane-enclosed organelle cellular_component GO:0043227 membrane-bounded organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. GOC:go_curators Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes. NIF_Subcellular:sao1456184038 non-membrane-enclosed organelle cellular_component GO:0043228 non-membrane-bounded organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes. GOC:go_curators Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. cellular_component GO:0043229 intracellular organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. GOC:go_curators Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring outside the cell. Includes, for example, extracellular membrane vesicles (EMVs) and the cellulosomes of anaerobic bacteria and fungi. cellular_component GO:0043230 extracellular organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring outside the cell. Includes, for example, extracellular membrane vesicles (EMVs) and the cellulosomes of anaerobic bacteria and fungi. GOC:jl PMID:9914479 Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. intracellular membrane-enclosed organelle cellular_component GO:0043231 intracellular membrane-bounded organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. GOC:go_curators Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes. intracellular non-membrane-enclosed organelle cellular_component GO:0043232 intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes. GOC:go_curators The internal volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle; includes the volume enclosed by a single organelle membrane, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the volume enclosed by the innermost of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope, e.g. nuclear lumen. cellular_component GO:0043233 organelle lumen The internal volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle; includes the volume enclosed by a single organelle membrane, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the volume enclosed by the innermost of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope, e.g. nuclear lumen. GOC:jl GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components. down regulation of protein complex disassembly down-regulation of protein complex disassembly downregulation of protein complex disassembly inhibition of protein complex disassembly biological_process negative regulation of protein complex disassembly GO:0043242 negative regulation of protein-containing complex disassembly Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components. GOC:jl Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components. up regulation of protein complex disassembly up-regulation of protein complex disassembly upregulation of protein complex disassembly activation of protein complex disassembly stimulation of protein complex disassembly biological_process positive regulation of protein complex disassembly GO:0043243 positive regulation of protein-containing complex disassembly Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components. GOC:jl Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components. biological_process regulation of protein complex disassembly GO:0043244 regulation of protein-containing complex disassembly Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components. GOC:jl Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly. biological_process regulation of protein complex assembly GO:0043254 regulation of protein-containing complex assembly Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly. GOC:jl The recognition and removal of an apoptotic cell by a neighboring cell or by a phagocyte. apoptotic cell removal efferocytosis programmed cell clearance biological_process GO:0043277 Note that unlike mammals or Drosophila, C. elegans (and many lower organisms) do not have professional macrophages/phagocytes, instead cell corpses are engulfed by neighboring cells. Cell types that can function as engulfing cells include hypodermal cells, gonadal sheath cells, pharyngeal muscle cells, and intestinal cells. apoptotic cell clearance The recognition and removal of an apoptotic cell by a neighboring cell or by a phagocyte. GOC:rk PMID:14685684 efferocytosis PMID:17548650 Fibers, composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle. muscle fiber muscle fibre contractile fibre cellular_component GO:0043292 contractile fiber Fibers, composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0815316194 A functional unit located near the cell apex at the points of contact between epithelial cells, which in vertebrates is composed of the tight junction, the zonula adherens, and desmosomes and in some invertebrates, such as Drosophila, is composed of the subapical complex (SAC), the zonula adherens and the septate junction. Functions in the regulation of cell polarity, tissue integrity and intercellular adhesion and permeability. apical cell junction complex apical junction cellular_component GO:0043296 apical junction complex A functional unit located near the cell apex at the points of contact between epithelial cells, which in vertebrates is composed of the tight junction, the zonula adherens, and desmosomes and in some invertebrates, such as Drosophila, is composed of the subapical complex (SAC), the zonula adherens and the septate junction. Functions in the regulation of cell polarity, tissue integrity and intercellular adhesion and permeability. GOC:go_curators GOC:kmv PMID:12525486 PMID:15196556 apical cell junction complex GOC:mah Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). up regulation of DNA binding up-regulation of DNA binding upregulation of DNA binding activation of DNA binding stimulation of DNA binding biological_process GO:0043388 positive regulation of DNA binding Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:tb Any process that stops or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). down regulation of DNA binding down-regulation of DNA binding downregulation of DNA binding inhibition of DNA binding biological_process GO:0043392 negative regulation of DNA binding Any process that stops or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding. biological_process GO:0043393 regulation of protein binding Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding. GOC:go_curators The covalent alteration of one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule, resulting in a change in its properties. biological_process GO:0043412 macromolecule modification The covalent alteration of one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule, resulting in a change in its properties. GOC:go_curators The covalent attachment of a methyl residue to one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule. biological_process GO:0043414 macromolecule methylation The covalent attachment of a methyl residue to one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon. MIPS_funcat:01.20.70 regulation of secondary metabolism biological_process GO:0043455 regulation of secondary metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon. GOC:jl The accumulation of pigment in an organism, tissue or cell, either by increased deposition or by increased number of cells. biological_process GO:0043473 pigmentation The accumulation of pigment in an organism, tissue or cell, either by increased deposition or by increased number of cells. GOC:jl Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA splicing, the process of removing sections of the primary RNA transcript to remove sequences not present in the mature form of the RNA and joining the remaining sections to form the mature form of the RNA. MIPS_funcat:11.04.03.01.10 biological_process GO:0043484 regulation of RNA splicing Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA splicing, the process of removing sections of the primary RNA transcript to remove sequences not present in the mature form of the RNA and joining the remaining sections to form the mature form of the RNA. GOC:jl Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons. regulation of apoptosis of neuronal cells regulation of apoptosis of neurons regulation of neuron programmed cell death regulation of neuronal cell programmed cell death regulation of programmed cell death of neuronal cells regulation of programmed cell death, neurons regulation of neuron apoptosis biological_process GO:0043523 regulation of neuron apoptotic process Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons. GOC:go_curators GOC:mtg_apoptosis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons. down regulation of neuron apoptosis down-regulation of neuron apoptosis downregulation of neuron apoptosis negative regulation of programmed cell death, neurons inhibition of neuron apoptosis negative regulation of neuron apoptosis neuron survival biological_process GO:0043524 negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons. GOC:go_curators GOC:mtg_apoptosis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death of neurons by apoptotic process. positive regulation of programmed cell death, neurons up regulation of neuron apoptosis up-regulation of neuron apoptosis upregulation of neuron apoptosis activation of neuron apoptosis positive regulation of neuron apoptosis stimulation of neuron apoptosis biological_process GO:0043525 positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death of neurons by apoptotic process. GOC:go_curators GOC:mtg_apoptosis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. biological_process GO:0043549 regulation of kinase activity Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. GOC:bf The chemical reactions and pathways involving an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group, as carried out by individual cells. amide metabolism biological_process GO:0043603 cellular amide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group, as carried out by individual cells. GOC:curators The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. biological_process GO:0043604 amide biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. GOC:curators The disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components, occurring at the level of an individual cell. Protein complexes may have other associated non-protein prosthetic groups, such as nucleic acids, metal ions or carbohydrate groups. biological_process GO:0043624 cellular protein complex disassembly The disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components, occurring at the level of an individual cell. Protein complexes may have other associated non-protein prosthetic groups, such as nucleic acids, metal ions or carbohydrate groups. GOC:jl The removal of the apoptotic cell by phagocytosis, by a neighboring cell or by a phagocyte. engulfment of apoptotic cell corpse engulfment of cell corpse biological_process GO:0043652 This term should be used to annotate gene products from the engulfing cell that facilitate phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. It should not be mistaken with GO:0070782 'phosphatidylserine exposure on apoptotic cell surface', a process occurring in apoptotic cells that acts as a signal for engulfing cells. If gene products involved in such instances of phosphatidylserine exposure are shown to have a positive effect on engulfment, they may be annotated to GO:1901076 'positive regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell'. engulfment of apoptotic cell The removal of the apoptotic cell by phagocytosis, by a neighboring cell or by a phagocyte. GOC:rk PMID:15536015 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process, a process in which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species. biological_process GO:0043900 regulation of multi-organism process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process, a process in which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species. GOC:jl Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process, a process in which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species. biological_process GO:0043901 negative regulation of multi-organism process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process, a process in which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species. GOC:jl Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process, a process in which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species. biological_process GO:0043902 positive regulation of multi-organism process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process, a process in which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species. GOC:jl Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein complex. midori 2010-09-08T10:01:42Z GO:0034600 GO:0034621 GO:0071822 protein complex subunit organisation protein complex subunit organization biological_process cellular macromolecular complex organization cellular macromolecular complex subunit organisation cellular macromolecular complex subunit organization macromolecular complex organization macromolecular complex subunit organisation macromolecular complex subunit organization GO:0043933 protein-containing complex subunit organization Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein complex. GOC:mah protein complex subunit organisation GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. biological_process GO:0044057 regulation of system process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. GOC:jl Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of excretion, the elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. biological_process GO:0044062 regulation of excretion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of excretion, the elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. GOC:jl A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component. Includes biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the cellular component. GO:0071843 cellular component biogenesis at cellular level biological_process GO:0044085 cellular component biogenesis A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component. Includes biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the cellular component. GOC:jl GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular component biogenesis, a process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component. biological_process GO:0044087 regulation of cellular component biogenesis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular component biogenesis, a process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component. GOC:jl Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole. regulation of vacuole organisation biological_process regulation of vacuole biogenesis GO:0044088 regulation of vacuole organization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole. GOC:jl GOC:mah regulation of vacuole organisation GOC:mah regulation of vacuole biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular component biogenesis, a process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component. biological_process GO:0044089 positive regulation of cellular component biogenesis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular component biogenesis, a process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component. GOC:jl Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole. positive regulation of vacuole organisation biological_process positive regulation of vacuole biogenesis GO:0044090 positive regulation of vacuole organization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole. GOC:jl GOC:mah positive regulation of vacuole organisation GOC:mah positive regulation of vacuole biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that stops or reduces the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. jane 2009-04-21T04:07:27Z biological_process GO:0044092 negative regulation of molecular function Any process that stops or reduces the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. GO:jl Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. jane 2009-04-21T04:11:06Z biological_process GO:0044093 positive regulation of molecular function Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. GO:jl The chemical reactions and pathways involving any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group, as carried out by individual cells. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom. jane 2009-07-15T11:55:44Z biological_process GO:0044106 cellular amine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group, as carried out by individual cells. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom. GOC:jl The progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring when the organism is in a symbiotic interaction. jane 2009-07-30T02:26:46Z GO:0044152 development on or near surface of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction biological_process development during symbiotic interaction development on or near surface of other organism during symbiotic interaction GO:0044111 This term partially replaces the obsolete term 'growth or development during symbiotic interaction ; GO:0052171'. See also 'growth during symbiotic interaction ; GO:0044110'. development involved in symbiotic interaction The progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring when the organism is in a symbiotic interaction. GO:jl GOC:pamgo_curators development during symbiotic interaction gOC:dph development on or near surface of other organism during symbiotic interaction GOC:dph The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. cellular metabolism biological_process intermediary metabolism GO:0044237 cellular metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. GOC:go_curators intermediary metabolism GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. primary metabolism biological_process GO:0044238 primary metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. GOC:go_curators http://www.metacyc.org The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. cellular breakdown cellular catabolism cellular degradation biological_process GO:0044248 cellular catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. GOC:jl The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. cellular anabolism cellular biosynthesis cellular formation cellular synthesis biological_process GO:0044249 cellular biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. GOC:jl The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by individual cells. cellular protein breakdown cellular protein catabolism cellular protein degradation biological_process GO:0044257 cellular protein catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by individual cells. GOC:jl The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass, as carried out by individual cells. GO:0034960 cellular biopolymer metabolic process cellular macromolecule metabolism biological_process GO:0044260 cellular macromolecule metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass, as carried out by individual cells. GOC:mah cellular biopolymer metabolic process GOC:mtg_chebi_dec09 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, any large molecule including proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates, as carried out by individual cells. GO:0034962 cellular biopolymer catabolic process cellular macromolecule breakdown cellular macromolecule catabolism cellular macromolecule degradation biological_process GO:0044265 cellular macromolecule catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, any large molecule including proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates, as carried out by individual cells. GOC:jl cellular biopolymer catabolic process GOC:mtg_chebi_dec09 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a specific protein, rather than of proteins in general, occurring at the level of an individual cell. Includes cellular protein modification. cellular protein metabolism biological_process GO:0044267 cellular protein metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a specific protein, rather than of proteins in general, occurring at the level of an individual cell. Includes cellular protein modification. GOC:jl The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds. nitrogen compound breakdown nitrogen compound catabolism nitrogen compound degradation MIPS_funcat:01.02.01.09 biological_process GO:0044270 cellular nitrogen compound catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds. GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds. nitrogen compound anabolism nitrogen compound biosynthesis nitrogen compound formation nitrogen compound synthesis biological_process GO:0044271 cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds. GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule. jane 2010-01-26T12:05:20Z small molecule metabolism biological_process GO:0044281 Small molecules in GO include monosaccharides but exclude disaccharides and polysaccharides. small molecule metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule. GOC:curators GOC:pde GOC:vw Any process in which an organism has an effect on an organism of a different species. interaction with another species interspecies interaction interspecies interaction with other organisms biological_process GO:0044419 interspecies interaction between organisms Any process in which an organism has an effect on an organism of a different species. GOC:cc OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the extracellular matrix, the structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support for cells or tissues; may be completely external to the cell (as in animals) or be part of the cell (as often seen in plants). GO:0031012 extracellular matrix part cellular_component GO:0044420 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete extracellular matrix component true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the extracellular matrix, the structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support for cells or tissues; may be completely external to the cell (as in animals) or be part of the cell (as often seen in plants). GOC:jl OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the extracellular region, the space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers constituent parts of the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. GO:0005576 NIF_Subcellular:sao9117790637 cellular_component extracellular structure GO:0044421 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete extracellular region part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the extracellular region, the space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers constituent parts of the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. GOC:jl extracellular structure NIF_Subcellular:sao9117790637 OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of an organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, but excludes the plasma membrane. GO:0043226 cellular_component GO:0044422 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete organelle part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of an organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, but excludes the plasma membrane. GOC:jl OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. GO:0005622 cellular_component GO:0044424 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete intracellular part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. GOC:jl OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a membrane, a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins. GO:0016020 cellular_component GO:0044425 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete membrane part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a membrane, a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins. GOC:jl OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a chromosome, a structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information. GO:0005694 chromosomal component chromosome component chromosome part cellular_component GO:0044427 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete chromosomal part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a chromosome, a structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information. GOC:jl OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the nucleus, a membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. GO:0005634 NIF_Subcellular:sao1499850686 nuclear subcomponent nucleus component cellular_component GO:0044428 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete nuclear part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the nucleus, a membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. GOC:jl nuclear subcomponent NIF_Subcellular:sao1499850686 OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a mitochondrion, a semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration. GO:0005739 NIF_Subcellular:sao666410040 mitochondrial subcomponent mitochondrion component cellular_component GO:0044429 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete mitochondrial part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a mitochondrion, a semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration. GOC:jl mitochondrial subcomponent NIF_Subcellular:sao666410040 OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the cytoskeleton, a cellular scaffolding or skeleton that maintains cell shape, enables some cell motion (using structures such as flagella and cilia), and plays important roles in both intra-cellular transport (e.g. the movement of vesicles and organelles) and cellular division. Includes constituent parts of intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, and the microtrabecular lattice. GO:0005856 NIF_Subcellular:sao1635329413 cytoskeletal element cytoskeleton component cellular_component GO:0044430 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete cytoskeletal part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the cytoskeleton, a cellular scaffolding or skeleton that maintains cell shape, enables some cell motion (using structures such as flagella and cilia), and plays important roles in both intra-cellular transport (e.g. the movement of vesicles and organelles) and cellular division. Includes constituent parts of intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, and the microtrabecular lattice. GOC:jl cytoskeletal element NIF_Subcellular:sao1635329413 OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the Golgi apparatus, a compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. GO:0005794 NIF_Subcellular:sao624292949 Golgi component Golgi subcomponent cellular_component GO:0044431 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete Golgi apparatus part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the Golgi apparatus, a compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. GOC:jl Golgi subcomponent NIF_Subcellular:sao624292949 OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the endoplasmic reticulum, the irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. GO:0005783 ER component cellular_component GO:0044432 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete endoplasmic reticulum part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the endoplasmic reticulum, the irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. GOC:jl OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of cytoplasmic vesicle, a vesicle formed of membrane or protein, found in the cytoplasm of a cell. GO:0031410 cellular_component GO:0044433 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete cytoplasmic vesicle part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of cytoplasmic vesicle, a vesicle formed of membrane or protein, found in the cytoplasm of a cell. GOC:jl OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a vacuole, a closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. GO:0005773 vacuole component cellular_component GO:0044437 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete vacuolar part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a vacuole, a closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. GOC:jl OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a microbody, a cytoplasmic organelle, spherical or oval in shape, that is bounded by a single membrane and contains oxidative enzymes, especially those utilizing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). GO:0042579 cellular_component GO:0044438 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete microbody part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a microbody, a cytoplasmic organelle, spherical or oval in shape, that is bounded by a single membrane and contains oxidative enzymes, especially those utilizing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). GOC:jl OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a peroxisome, a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules; contains some enzymes that produce and others that degrade hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). GO:0005777 peroxisome component cellular_component GO:0044439 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete peroxisomal part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a peroxisome, a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules; contains some enzymes that produce and others that degrade hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). GOC:jl OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of an endosome, a membrane-bounded organelle to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered. GO:0005768 NIF_Subcellular:sao1683772610 endosomal subcomponent endosome component cellular_component GO:0044440 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete endosomal part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of an endosome, a membrane-bounded organelle to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered. GOC:mah PMID:19696797 endosomal subcomponent NIF_Subcellular:sao1683772610 OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole. GO:0005929 GO:0044442 cilial part cilium part microtubule-based flagellum part flagellar part flagellum component flagellum part cellular_component GO:0044441 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. Also note that cilia and eukaryotic flagella are deemed to be equivalent. obsolete ciliary part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole. GOC:cilia GOC:jl OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the cytoplasm, all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. GO:0005737 cytoplasm component cellular_component GO:0044444 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete cytoplasmic part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the cytoplasm, all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. GOC:jl OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of cytosol, that part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components. GO:0005829 cytosol component cellular_component GO:0044445 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete cytosolic part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of cytosol, that part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components. GOC:jl OBSOLETE. A constituent part of an intracellular organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton but excludes the plasma membrane. GO:0043229 cellular_component GO:0044446 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete intracellular organelle part true OBSOLETE. A constituent part of an intracellular organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton but excludes the plasma membrane. GOC:jl OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of an axoneme, the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia (also called flagella) in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements. GO:0005930 axonemal part cellular_component GO:0044447 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. Also note that cilia and eukaryotic flagella are deemed to be equivalent. obsolete axoneme part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of an axoneme, the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia (also called flagella) in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements. GOC:cilia GOC:jl OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a contractile fiber, a fiber composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle. GO:0043292 muscle fiber component muscle fibre component contractile fibre component cellular_component GO:0044449 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete contractile fiber part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a contractile fiber, a fiber composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle. GOC:jl OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a nucleolus, a small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. GO:0005730 nucleolus component cellular_component GO:0044452 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete nucleolar part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a nucleolus, a small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. GOC:jl OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the nuclear membrane, the envelope that surrounds the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. GO:0031965 cellular_component GO:0044453 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete nuclear membrane part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the nuclear membrane, the envelope that surrounds the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. GOC:jl OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a nuclear chromosome, a chromosome that encodes the nuclear genome and is found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell during the cell cycle phases when the nucleus is intact. GO:0000228 cellular_component GO:0044454 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete nuclear chromosome part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a nuclear chromosome, a chromosome that encodes the nuclear genome and is found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell during the cell cycle phases when the nucleus is intact. GOC:jl OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell. GO:0045202 NIF_Subcellular:sao1784069613 cellular_component synaptic component GO:0044456 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete synapse part synapse part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell. GOC:jl synaptic component NIF_Subcellular:sao1784069613 OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the plasma membrane, the membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. GO:0005886 cellular_component GO:0044459 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete plasma membrane part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the plasma membrane, the membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. GOC:jl OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a cell projection, a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon. GO:0042995 cellular_component GO:0044463 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete cell projection part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a cell projection, a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon. GOC:jl OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a cell, the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. CL:0000000 NIF_Subcellular:sao628508602 cellular subcomponent cellular_component protoplast GO:0044464 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. cell part obsolete cell part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a cell, the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. GOC:jl cellular subcomponent NIF_Subcellular:sao628508602 protoplast GOC:mah A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals, involving another organism. janelomax 2012-09-19T15:56:30Z biological_process GO:0044703 multi-organism reproductive process A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals, involving another organism. GOC:jl A multicellular organism process which involves another multicellular organism of the same or different species. janelomax 2012-09-19T16:06:16Z biological_process GO:0044706 multi-multicellular organism process A multicellular organism process which involves another multicellular organism of the same or different species. GOC:jl The cell cycle process by which a cell commits to entering the next cell cycle phase. janelomax 2013-02-28T12:54:59Z cell cycle transition biological_process GO:0044770 cell cycle phase transition The cell cycle process by which a cell commits to entering the next cell cycle phase. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The cell cycle process by which a cell commits to entering the next meiotic cell cycle phase. janelomax 2013-02-28T13:08:17Z cell cycle transition biological_process GO:0044771 meiotic cell cycle phase transition The cell cycle process by which a cell commits to entering the next meiotic cell cycle phase. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The cell cycle process by which a cell commits to entering the next mitotic cell cycle phase. janelomax 2013-02-28T13:09:33Z biological_process GO:0044772 mitotic cell cycle phase transition The cell cycle process by which a cell commits to entering the next mitotic cell cycle phase. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that detects and negatively regulates progression through the cell cycle in response to DNA damage. janelomax 2013-02-28T15:55:25Z biological_process GO:0044773 mitotic DNA damage checkpoint A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that detects and negatively regulates progression through the cell cycle in response to DNA damage. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle A mitotic cell cycle process that controls cell cycle progression in response to changes in DNA structure by monitoring the integrity of the DNA. The DNA integrity checkpoint begins with detection of DNA damage, defects in DNA structure or DNA replication, and ends with signal transduction. janelomax 2013-02-28T16:07:26Z GO:0070683 mitotic cell cycle G2/M transition decatenation checkpoint topo II checkpoint topoisomerase II checkpoint biological_process GO:0044774 mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint A mitotic cell cycle process that controls cell cycle progression in response to changes in DNA structure by monitoring the integrity of the DNA. The DNA integrity checkpoint begins with detection of DNA damage, defects in DNA structure or DNA replication, and ends with signal transduction. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle topo II checkpoint GOC:jp topoisomerase II checkpoint GOC:jp A meiotic cell cycle process that controls cell cycle progression in response to changes in DNA structure by monitoring the integrity of the DNA. The DNA integrity checkpoint begins with detection of DNA damage, defects in DNA structure or DNA replication, and ends with signal transduction. janelomax 2013-03-20T16:46:06Z biological_process GO:0044778 meiotic DNA integrity checkpoint A meiotic cell cycle process that controls cell cycle progression in response to changes in DNA structure by monitoring the integrity of the DNA. The DNA integrity checkpoint begins with detection of DNA damage, defects in DNA structure or DNA replication, and ends with signal transduction. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle A cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a meiotic nuclear division until the spindle is correctly assembled and that the chromosomes are attached to the spindle. janelomax 2013-03-21T14:01:28Z biological_process GO:0044779 meiotic spindle checkpoint A cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a meiotic nuclear division until the spindle is correctly assembled and that the chromosomes are attached to the spindle. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole. janelomax 2013-03-27T15:09:58Z microtubule-based flagellum organization biological_process GO:0044782 Note that we deem cilium and microtubule-based flagellum to be equivalent. cilium organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole. GOC:cilia GOC:jl The cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase as part of the cell cycle. janelomax 2013-05-02T13:09:34Z biological_process GO:0044784 metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle The cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase as part of the cell cycle. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase as part of meiosis. janelomax 2013-05-02T13:11:28Z meiotic metaphase/anaphase transition biological_process GO:0044785 metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle The cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase as part of meiosis. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The DNA-dependent DNA replication that takes place as part of the cell cycle. janelomax 2013-05-02T15:52:22Z biological_process GO:0044786 cell cycle DNA replication The DNA-dependent DNA replication that takes place as part of the cell cycle. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle A cell cycle checkpoint that detects and negatively regulates progression from G2 to M phase as part of a mitotic cell cycle. janelomax 2013-11-19T14:20:00Z biological_process GO:0044818 mitotic G2/M transition checkpoint A cell cycle checkpoint that detects and negatively regulates progression from G2 to M phase as part of a mitotic cell cycle. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle A cell cycle checkpoint that detects and negatively regulates progression from G1 to S phase as part of a mitotic cell cycle. janelomax 2013-11-19T14:31:14Z biological_process GO:0044819 mitotic G1/S transition checkpoint A cell cycle checkpoint that detects and negatively regulates progression from G1 to S phase as part of a mitotic cell cycle. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The cell cycle process by which a cell in G2 phase commits to M phase. janelomax 2014-03-05T14:56:45Z biological_process GO:0044839 cell cycle G2/M phase transition The cell cycle process by which a cell in G2 phase commits to M phase. GOC:jl GOC:mtg_cell_cycle A lysosome-related organelle contained within the intestinal cells of the nematode C. elegans. Gut granules are acidified, birefringent, autofluorescent, and contain the vacuolar H+-ATPase. They also serve as sites of cellular zinc storage. janelomax 2014-03-25T11:56:41Z cellular_component GO:0044840 gut granule A lysosome-related organelle contained within the intestinal cells of the nematode C. elegans. Gut granules are acidified, birefringent, autofluorescent, and contain the vacuolar H+-ATPase. They also serve as sites of cellular zinc storage. GOC:kmv PMID:22916203 PMID:24204312 The membrane of a gut granule, a lysosome-related organelle contained within the intestinal cells of the nematode C. elegans. janelomax 2014-03-25T12:02:05Z cellular_component GO:0044841 gut granule membrane The membrane of a gut granule, a lysosome-related organelle contained within the intestinal cells of the nematode C. elegans. GOC:kmv PMID:22916203 PMID:24204312 The lumen of a gut granule, a lysosome-related organelle contained within the intestinal cells of the nematode C. elegans. janelomax 2014-03-25T12:02:32Z cellular_component GO:0044842 gut granule lumen The lumen of a gut granule, a lysosome-related organelle contained within the intestinal cells of the nematode C. elegans. GOC:kmv PMID:22916203 PMID:24204312 The cell cycle process by which a cell in G1 phase commits to S phase. janelomax 2014-03-25T16:33:47Z biological_process GO:0044843 cell cycle G1/S phase transition The cell cycle process by which a cell in G1 phase commits to S phase. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle A distinct period or stage in a biological process or cycle. janelomax 2014-07-16T13:12:40Z biological_process GO:0044848 Note that phases are is_a disjoint from other biological processes. happens_during relationships can operate between phases and other biological processes e.g. DNA replication happens_during S phase. biological phase A distinct period or stage in a biological process or cycle. GOC:jl The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane that surround a cell with that of another cell, producing a single cell. GO:0006947 cell fusion cell-cell fusion biological_process GO:0045026 plasma membrane fusion The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane that surround a cell with that of another cell, producing a single cell. GOC:elh GOC:mtg_muscle A process of exocytosis in which soluble proteins and other substances are initially stored in secretory vesicles for later release. It is found mainly in cells that are specialized for secreting products such as hormones, neurotransmitters, or digestive enzymes rapidly on demand. regulated secretory pathway biological_process GO:0045055 regulated exocytosis A process of exocytosis in which soluble proteins and other substances are initially stored in secretory vesicles for later release. It is found mainly in cells that are specialized for secreting products such as hormones, neurotransmitters, or digestive enzymes rapidly on demand. GOC:mah ISBN:0716731363 Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens. GO:0002226 MIPS_funcat:36.25.16.01 Wikipedia:Innate_immune_system innate immunity nonspecific immune response biological_process GO:0045087 This term was improved by GO_REF:0000022. It was moved. innate immune response Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens. GOC:add GOC:ebc GOC:mtg_15nov05 GOC:mtg_sensu GO_REF:0000022 innate immunity GOC:pg Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection. biological_process GO:0045088 regulation of innate immune response Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection. GOC:ebc Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection. up regulation of innate immune response up-regulation of innate immune response upregulation of innate immune response stimulation of innate immune response biological_process GO:0045089 positive regulation of innate immune response Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection. GOC:ebc The nucleus of either the ovum or the spermatozoon following fertilization. Thus, in the fertilized ovum, there are two pronuclei, one originating from the ovum, the other from the spermatozoon that brought about fertilization; they approach each other, but do not fuse until just before the first cleavage, when each pronucleus loses its membrane to release its contents. Wikipedia:Pronucleus cellular_component GO:0045120 pronucleus The nucleus of either the ovum or the spermatozoon following fertilization. Thus, in the fertilized ovum, there are two pronuclei, one originating from the ovum, the other from the spermatozoon that brought about fertilization; they approach each other, but do not fuse until just before the first cleavage, when each pronucleus loses its membrane to release its contents. ISBN:0198506732 The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during M phase of the meiotic cell cycle. biological_process GO:0045132 meiotic chromosome segregation The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during M phase of the meiotic cell cycle. GOC:ai GOC:mah The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. The primary sexual characteristics are the testes in males and the ovaries in females and they develop in response to sex hormone secretion. biological_process GO:0045137 development of primary sexual characteristics The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. The primary sexual characteristics are the testes in males and the ovaries in females and they develop in response to sex hormone secretion. GOC:ai The cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the first division of the meiotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner; this pairing off, referred to as synapsis, permits genetic recombination. One homolog (both sister chromatids) of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets. GO:0007061 meiosis I, chromosome segregation biological_process GO:0045143 homologous chromosome segregation The cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the first division of the meiotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner; this pairing off, referred to as synapsis, permits genetic recombination. One homolog (both sister chromatids) of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets. GOC:ai ISBN:0815316194 The process in which voltage-gated ion channels become localized to distinct subcellular domains in the neuron. Specific targeting, clustering, and maintenance of these channels in their respective domains are essential to achieve high conduction velocities of action potential propagation. biological_process GO:0045161 neuronal ion channel clustering The process in which voltage-gated ion channels become localized to distinct subcellular domains in the neuron. Specific targeting, clustering, and maintenance of these channels in their respective domains are essential to achieve high conduction velocities of action potential propagation. PMID:11456440 The commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field. biological_process GO:0045165 Note that this term was 'cell fate determination' but the term name was changed to better match its existing definition and the child term 'cell fate determination; GO:0001709' was also created. cell fate commitment The commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field. ISBN:0716731185 Signaling at long or short range between cells that results in the commitment of a cell to a certain fate. cell fate commitment, cell-cell signaling cell fate commitment, cell-cell signalling cell-cell signaling during in cell fate commitment cell-cell signaling resulting in cell fate commitment cell-cell signalling during cell fate commitment cell-cell signalling resulting in cell fate commitment cell-cell signalling involved in cell fate specification biological_process GO:0045168 cell-cell signaling involved in cell fate commitment Signaling at long or short range between cells that results in the commitment of a cell to a certain fate. GOC:dph GOC:go_curators GOC:tb cell-cell signalling involved in cell fate specification GOC:dph GOC:tb Any molecular function involved in the initiation, activation, perpetuation, repression or termination of polypeptide synthesis at the ribosome. translation factor activity molecular_function GO:0045182 translation regulator activity Any molecular function involved in the initiation, activation, perpetuation, repression or termination of polypeptide synthesis at the ribosome. GOC:ai The directed movement of a protein to a specific location. establishment of protein localisation protein positioning protein recruitment biological_process GO:0045184 establishment of protein localization The directed movement of a protein to a specific location. GOC:bf establishment of protein localisation GOC:mah Any process in which a protein is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration, stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that do move away. active protein retrieval protein retention protein sequestering biological_process maintenance of protein localization GO:0045185 maintenance of protein location Any process in which a protein is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration, stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that do move away. GOC:bf maintenance of protein localization GOC:dph GOC:tb The junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron, muscle fiber or glial cell. As the nerve fiber approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic nerve ending, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the nerve ending is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic nerve ending secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane. NIF_Subcellular:sao914572699 Wikipedia:Chemical_synapse synaptic junction mixed synapse cellular_component electrotonic synapse GO:0045202 synapse synapse The junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron, muscle fiber or glial cell. As the nerve fiber approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic nerve ending, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the nerve ending is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic nerve ending secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane. ISBN:0198506732 mixed synapse NIF_Subcellular:sao1506103497 electrotonic synapse NIF_Subcellular:sao1311109124 Differentiated cytoplasm associated with a pole (animal, vegetal, anterior, or posterior) of an oocyte, egg or early embryo. polar plasm germ plasm cellular_component GO:0045495 pole plasm Differentiated cytoplasm associated with a pole (animal, vegetal, anterior, or posterior) of an oocyte, egg or early embryo. GOC:kmv PMID:17113380 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation, the process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features. biological_process GO:0045595 regulation of cell differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation, the process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation. down regulation of cell differentiation down-regulation of cell differentiation downregulation of cell differentiation inhibition of cell differentiation biological_process GO:0045596 negative regulation of cell differentiation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation. up regulation of cell differentiation up-regulation of cell differentiation upregulation of cell differentiation activation of cell differentiation stimulation of cell differentiation biological_process GO:0045597 positive regulation of cell differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. biological_process GO:0045664 regulation of neuron differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. down regulation of neuron differentiation down-regulation of neuron differentiation downregulation of neuron differentiation inhibition of neuron differentiation biological_process GO:0045665 negative regulation of neuron differentiation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. up regulation of neuron differentiation up-regulation of neuron differentiation upregulation of neuron differentiation activation of neuron differentiation stimulation of neuron differentiation biological_process GO:0045666 positive regulation of neuron differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spermatid nuclear differentiation. biological_process GO:0045700 regulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spermatid nuclear differentiation. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spermatid nuclear differentiation. down regulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation down-regulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation downregulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation inhibition of spermatid nuclear differentiation biological_process GO:0045701 negative regulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spermatid nuclear differentiation. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spermatid nuclear differentiation. up regulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation up-regulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation upregulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation activation of spermatid nuclear differentiation stimulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation biological_process GO:0045702 positive regulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spermatid nuclear differentiation. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA. GO:0045946 positive regulation of protein anabolism positive regulation of protein biosynthesis positive regulation of protein biosynthetic process positive regulation of protein formation positive regulation of protein synthesis up regulation of protein biosynthetic process up-regulation of protein biosynthetic process upregulation of protein biosynthetic process activation of protein biosynthetic process stimulation of protein biosynthetic process biological_process GO:0045727 positive regulation of translation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA. GOC:dph GOC:go_curators GOC:tb positive regulation of protein biosynthetic process GOC:tb Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. positive regulation of protein breakdown positive regulation of protein catabolism positive regulation of protein degradation up regulation of protein catabolic process up-regulation of protein catabolic process upregulation of protein catabolic process activation of protein catabolic process stimulation of protein catabolic process biological_process GO:0045732 positive regulation of protein catabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication. up regulation of DNA replication up-regulation of DNA replication upregulation of DNA replication activation of DNA replication stimulation of DNA replication biological_process GO:0045740 positive regulation of DNA replication Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. down regulation of action potential down-regulation of action potential downregulation of action potential inhibition of action potential biological_process GO:0045759 negative regulation of action potential Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. up regulation of action potential up-regulation of action potential upregulation of action potential activation of action potential stimulation of action potential biological_process GO:0045760 positive regulation of action potential Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division. down regulation of asymmetric cell division down-regulation of asymmetric cell division downregulation of asymmetric cell division inhibition of asymmetric cell division biological_process GO:0045769 negative regulation of asymmetric cell division Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division. up regulation of asymmetric cell division up-regulation of asymmetric cell division upregulation of asymmetric cell division activation of asymmetric cell division stimulation of asymmetric cell division biological_process GO:0045770 positive regulation of asymmetric cell division Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension. up regulation of axon extension up-regulation of axon extension upregulation of axon extension activation of axon extension stimulation of axon extension biological_process GO:0045773 positive regulation of axon extension Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion. up regulation of cell adhesion up-regulation of cell adhesion upregulation of cell adhesion activation of cell adhesion stimulation of cell adhesion biological_process GO:0045785 positive regulation of cell adhesion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. down regulation of progression through cell cycle down-regulation of progression through cell cycle downregulation of progression through cell cycle negative regulation of cell cycle progression negative regulation of progression through cell cycle inhibition of progression through cell cycle biological_process GO:0045786 negative regulation of cell cycle Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. GOC:dph GOC:go_curators GOC:tb Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. positive regulation of cell cycle progression positive regulation of progression through cell cycle up regulation of progression through cell cycle up-regulation of progression through cell cycle upregulation of progression through cell cycle activation of progression through cell cycle stimulation of progression through cell cycle biological_process GO:0045787 positive regulation of cell cycle Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. GOC:go_curators positive regulation of progression through cell cycle GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis. down regulation of endocytosis down-regulation of endocytosis downregulation of endocytosis inhibition of endocytosis biological_process GO:0045806 negative regulation of endocytosis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis. up regulation of endocytosis up-regulation of endocytosis upregulation of endocytosis activation of endocytosis stimulation of endocytosis biological_process GO:0045807 positive regulation of endocytosis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response. down regulation of innate immune response down-regulation of innate immune response downregulation of innate immune response inhibition of innate immune response biological_process GO:0045824 negative regulation of innate immune response Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids. down regulation of lipid metabolic process down-regulation of lipid metabolic process downregulation of lipid metabolic process negative regulation of lipid metabolism inhibition of lipid metabolic process biological_process GO:0045833 negative regulation of lipid metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids. positive regulation of lipid metabolism up regulation of lipid metabolic process up-regulation of lipid metabolic process upregulation of lipid metabolic process activation of lipid metabolic process stimulation of lipid metabolic process biological_process GO:0045834 positive regulation of lipid metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis. down regulation of meiosis down-regulation of meiosis downregulation of meiosis negative regulation of meiosis inhibition of meiosis biological_process GO:0045835 negative regulation of meiotic nuclear division Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis. positive regulation of meiosis up regulation of meiosis up-regulation of meiosis upregulation of meiosis activation of meiosis stimulation of meiosis biological_process GO:0045836 positive regulation of meiotic nuclear division Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mitosis. Mitosis is the division of the eukaryotic cell nucleus to produce two daughter nuclei that, usually, contain the identical chromosome complement to their mother. down regulation of mitosis down-regulation of mitosis downregulation of mitosis negative regulation of mitosis inhibition of mitosis biological_process GO:0045839 negative regulation of mitotic nuclear division Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mitosis. Mitosis is the division of the eukaryotic cell nucleus to produce two daughter nuclei that, usually, contain the identical chromosome complement to their mother. GOC:dph GOC:go_curators GOC:tb Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis. positive regulation of mitosis up regulation of mitosis up-regulation of mitosis upregulation of mitosis activation of mitosis mitogenic activity stimulation of mitosis biological_process GO:0045840 positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, triggered by the activation of the anaphase promoting complex by Cdc20/Sleepy homolog which results in the degradation of Securin. down regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition down-regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition downregulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition inhibition of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition biological_process GO:0045841 negative regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, triggered by the activation of the anaphase promoting complex by Cdc20/Sleepy homolog which results in the degradation of Securin. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, triggered by the activation of the anaphase promoting complex by Cdc20/Sleepy homolog which results in the degradation of Securin. up regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition up-regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition upregulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition activation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition stimulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition biological_process GO:0045842 positive regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, triggered by the activation of the anaphase promoting complex by Cdc20/Sleepy homolog which results in the degradation of Securin. GOC:go_curators Any process that reduces the internal pH of an organism, part of an organism or a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion. acidification biological_process GO:0045851 pH reduction Any process that reduces the internal pH of an organism, part of an organism or a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion. GOC:go_curators Any process that increases the internal pH of an organism, part of an organism or a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion. biological_process GO:0045852 pH elevation Any process that increases the internal pH of an organism, part of an organism or a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. GO:0016481 GO:0032582 GO:0061021 down regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent down-regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent downregulation of transcription, DNA-dependent negative regulation of cellular transcription, DNA-dependent negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent inhibition of transcription, DNA-dependent biological_process down regulation of gene-specific transcription down-regulation of gene-specific transcription downregulation of gene-specific transcription inhibition of gene-specific transcription negative regulation of gene-specific transcription transcription repressor activity GO:0045892 negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. GOC:go_curators GOC:txnOH negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent GOC:txnOH Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. GO:0043193 GO:0045941 GO:0061020 positive regulation of cellular transcription, DNA-dependent positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent up regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent up-regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent upregulation of transcription, DNA-dependent activation of transcription, DNA-dependent stimulation of gene-specific transcription stimulation of transcription, DNA-dependent biological_process activation of gene-specific transcription positive regulation of gene-specific transcription transcription activator activity up regulation of gene-specific transcription up-regulation of gene-specific transcription upregulation of gene-specific transcription GO:0045893 positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. GOC:go_curators GOC:txnOH positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent GOC:txnOH Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translational elongation. down regulation of translational elongation down-regulation of translational elongation downregulation of translational elongation inhibition of translational elongation biological_process GO:0045900 negative regulation of translational elongation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translational elongation. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translational elongation. up regulation of translational elongation up-regulation of translational elongation upregulation of translational elongation activation of translational elongation stimulation of translational elongation biological_process GO:0045901 positive regulation of translational elongation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translational elongation. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination. down regulation of DNA recombination down-regulation of DNA recombination downregulation of DNA recombination inhibition of DNA recombination biological_process GO:0045910 negative regulation of DNA recombination Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination. up regulation of DNA recombination up-regulation of DNA recombination upregulation of DNA recombination activation of DNA recombination stimulation of DNA recombination biological_process GO:0045911 positive regulation of DNA recombination Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catecholamine. down regulation of catecholamine metabolic process down-regulation of catecholamine metabolic process downregulation of catecholamine metabolic process negative regulation of catecholamine metabolism inhibition of catecholamine metabolic process biological_process GO:0045914 negative regulation of catecholamine metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catecholamine. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catecholamine. positive regulation of catecholamine metabolism up regulation of catecholamine metabolic process up-regulation of catecholamine metabolic process upregulation of catecholamine metabolic process activation of catecholamine metabolic process stimulation of catecholamine metabolic process biological_process GO:0045915 positive regulation of catecholamine metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catecholamine. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis. down regulation of exocytosis down-regulation of exocytosis downregulation of exocytosis inhibition of exocytosis biological_process GO:0045920 negative regulation of exocytosis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis. up regulation of exocytosis up-regulation of exocytosis upregulation of exocytosis activation of exocytosis stimulation of exocytosis biological_process GO:0045921 positive regulation of exocytosis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of growth, the increase in size or mass of all or part of an organism. down regulation of growth down-regulation of growth downregulation of growth inhibition of growth biological_process GO:0045926 negative regulation of growth Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of growth, the increase in size or mass of all or part of an organism. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of growth, the increase in size or mass of all or part of an organism. up regulation of growth up-regulation of growth upregulation of growth activation of growth stimulation of growth biological_process GO:0045927 positive regulation of growth Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of growth, the increase in size or mass of all or part of an organism. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle. down regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle down-regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle downregulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle progression negative regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle inhibition of progression through mitotic cell cycle biological_process GO:0045930 negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle. GOC:dph GOC:go_curators GOC:tb negative regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle. positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle progression positive regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle up regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle up-regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle upregulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle activation of progression through mitotic cell cycle stimulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle biological_process GO:0045931 positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle. GOC:dph GOC:go_curators GOC:tb positive regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction. down regulation of muscle contraction down-regulation of muscle contraction downregulation of muscle contraction inhibition of muscle contraction biological_process GO:0045932 negative regulation of muscle contraction Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction. up regulation of muscle contraction up-regulation of muscle contraction upregulation of muscle contraction activation of muscle contraction stimulation of muscle contraction biological_process GO:0045933 positive regulation of muscle contraction Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction. GOC:go_curators Any cellular process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. down regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process down-regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process downregulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process negative regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism inhibition of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process biological_process negative regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process GO:0045934 negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process Any cellular process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. GOC:go_curators negative regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process GOC:dph GOC:tb Any cellular process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. positive regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism up regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process up-regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process upregulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process activation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process stimulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process biological_process positive regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process GO:0045935 positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process Any cellular process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. GOC:go_curators positive regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates. down regulation of phosphate metabolic process down-regulation of phosphate metabolic process downregulation of phosphate metabolic process negative regulation of phosphate metabolism inhibition of phosphate metabolic process biological_process GO:0045936 negative regulation of phosphate metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates. positive regulation of phosphate metabolism up regulation of phosphate metabolic process up-regulation of phosphate metabolic process upregulation of phosphate metabolic process activation of phosphate metabolic process stimulation of phosphate metabolic process biological_process GO:0045937 positive regulation of phosphate metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. GO:0010552 GO:0045817 activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter positive regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter stimulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter biological_process activation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter positive regulation of gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter positive regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, global up regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter up-regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter upregulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. GOC:go_curators GOC:txnOH Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine. down regulation of dopamine metabolic process down-regulation of dopamine metabolic process downregulation of dopamine metabolic process negative regulation of dopamine metabolism inhibition of dopamine metabolic process biological_process GO:0045963 negative regulation of dopamine metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine. positive regulation of dopamine metabolism up regulation of dopamine metabolic process up-regulation of dopamine metabolic process upregulation of dopamine metabolic process activation of dopamine metabolic process stimulation of dopamine metabolic process biological_process GO:0045964 positive regulation of dopamine metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine. GOC:go_curators Any process, mediated by small non-coding RNAs, that modulates the frequency, rate or extent that mRNAs are effectively translated into protein. biological_process GO:0045974 regulation of translation, ncRNA-mediated Any process, mediated by small non-coding RNAs, that modulates the frequency, rate or extent that mRNAs are effectively translated into protein. GOC:dph GOC:go_curators GOC:tb Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development. down regulation of embryonic development down-regulation of embryonic development downregulation of embryonic development inhibition of embryonic development biological_process GO:0045992 negative regulation of embryonic development Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development. biological_process GO:0045995 regulation of embryonic development Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development. GOC:go_curators The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring. phenol-containing compound anabolism phenol-containing compound biosynthesis phenol-containing compound formation phenol-containing compound synthesis biological_process GO:0046189 phenol-containing compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring. GOC:ai The chemical reactions and pathways involving octopamine, 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol. The D enantiomer is about one-tenth as active as norepinephrine and is found in the salivary glands of Octopus and Eledone species. octopamine metabolism biological_process GO:0046333 octopamine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving octopamine, 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol. The D enantiomer is about one-tenth as active as norepinephrine and is found in the salivary glands of Octopus and Eledone species. ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings). heterocycle metabolism biological_process GO:0046483 heterocycle metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings). ISBN:0198506732 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary male sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. The primary male sexual characteristics are the testes, and they develop in response to sex hormone secretion. biological_process GO:0046546 development of primary male sexual characteristics The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary male sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. The primary male sexual characteristics are the testes, and they develop in response to sex hormone secretion. GOC:ai The establishment of the sex of a male organism by physical differentiation. biological_process GO:0046661 male sex differentiation The establishment of the sex of a male organism by physical differentiation. GOC:bf Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the deposition of eggs, either fertilized or not, upon a surface or into a medium. biological_process GO:0046662 regulation of oviposition Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the deposition of eggs, either fertilized or not, upon a surface or into a medium. GOC:ai Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antibiotic stimulus. An antibiotic is a chemical substance produced by a microorganism which has the capacity to inhibit the growth of or to kill other microorganisms. biological_process antibiotic susceptibility/resistance GO:0046677 response to antibiotic Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antibiotic stimulus. An antibiotic is a chemical substance produced by a microorganism which has the capacity to inhibit the growth of or to kill other microorganisms. GOC:ai GOC:ef The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings). heterocycle breakdown heterocycle catabolism heterocycle degradation biological_process GO:0046700 heterocycle catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings). GOC:ai The addition of tubulin heterodimers to one or both ends of a microtubule. microtubule assembly biological_process microtubule formation GO:0046785 microtubule polymerization The addition of tubulin heterodimers to one or both ends of a microtubule. GOC:ai GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. biological_process GO:0046822 regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. GOC:bf Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. down regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport down-regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport downregulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport inhibition of nucleocytoplasmic transport biological_process GO:0046823 negative regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. GOC:bf Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. up regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport up-regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport upregulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport activation of nucleocytoplasmic transport stimulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport biological_process GO:0046824 positive regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. GOC:bf Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. regulation of protein export from cell nucleus regulation of protein export out of nucleus regulation of protein transport from nucleus to cytoplasm regulation of protein-nucleus export biological_process GO:0046825 regulation of protein export from nucleus Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. GOC:bf Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. down regulation of protein export from nucleus down-regulation of protein export from nucleus downregulation of protein export from nucleus negative regulation of protein export from cell nucleus negative regulation of protein export out of nucleus negative regulation of protein transport from nucleus to cytoplasm negative regulation of protein-nucleus export inhibition of protein export from nucleus biological_process GO:0046826 negative regulation of protein export from nucleus Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. GOC:bf Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of directed movement of proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. positive regulation of protein export from cell nucleus positive regulation of protein export out of nucleus positive regulation of protein transport from nucleus to cytoplasm positive regulation of protein-nucleus export up regulation of protein export from nucleus up-regulation of protein export from nucleus upregulation of protein export from nucleus activation of protein export from nucleus stimulation of protein export from nucleus biological_process GO:0046827 positive regulation of protein export from nucleus Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of directed movement of proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. GOC:bf Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. regulation of RNA export from cell nucleus regulation of RNA export out of nucleus regulation of RNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm regulation of RNA-nucleus export biological_process GO:0046831 regulation of RNA export from nucleus Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. GOC:bf Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of RNA from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. down regulation of RNA export from nucleus down-regulation of RNA export from nucleus downregulation of RNA export from nucleus negative regulation of RNA export from cell nucleus negative regulation of RNA export out of nucleus negative regulation of RNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm negative regulation of RNA-nucleus export inhibition of RNA export from nucleus biological_process GO:0046832 negative regulation of RNA export from nucleus Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of RNA from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. GOC:bf Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of directed movement of RNA from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. positive regulation of RNA export from cell nucleus positive regulation of RNA export out of nucleus positive regulation of RNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm positive regulation of RNA-nucleus export up regulation of RNA export from nucleus up-regulation of RNA export from nucleus upregulation of RNA export from nucleus activation of RNA export from nucleus stimulation of RNA export from nucleus biological_process GO:0046833 positive regulation of RNA export from nucleus Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of directed movement of RNA from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. GOC:bf Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids. positive regulation of lipid anabolism positive regulation of lipid biosynthesis positive regulation of lipid formation positive regulation of lipid synthesis positive regulation of lipogenesis up regulation of lipid biosynthetic process up-regulation of lipid biosynthetic process upregulation of lipid biosynthetic process activation of lipid biosynthetic process stimulation of lipid biosynthetic process biological_process GO:0046889 positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids. GOC:ai positive regulation of lipogenesis GOC:sl Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids. regulation of lipid anabolism regulation of lipid biosynthesis regulation of lipid formation regulation of lipid synthesis regulation of lipogenesis biological_process GO:0046890 regulation of lipid biosynthetic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids. GOC:ai regulation of lipogenesis GOC:sl The controlled release of a substance by a cell or a tissue. MIPS_funcat:20.09.16 biological_process GO:0046903 secretion The controlled release of a substance by a cell or a tissue. GOC:ai The directed movement of substances within a cell. jl 2013-12-18T14:04:50Z GO:1902582 biological_process single organism intracellular transport single-organism intracellular transport GO:0046907 intracellular transport The directed movement of substances within a cell. GOC:ai single organism intracellular transport GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter from a cell. biological_process GO:0046928 regulation of neurotransmitter secretion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter from a cell. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter. down regulation of neurotransmitter secretion down-regulation of neurotransmitter secretion downregulation of neurotransmitter secretion conotoxin activity inhibition of neurotransmitter secretion biological_process GO:0046929 negative regulation of neurotransmitter secretion Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter. GOC:ai A simple form of learning whereby the repeated presence of a stimulus leads to a change in the probability or strength of the response to that stimulus. There is no association of one type of stimulus with another, rather it is a generalized response to the environment. unconditional response biological_process GO:0046958 nonassociative learning A simple form of learning whereby the repeated presence of a stimulus leads to a change in the probability or strength of the response to that stimulus. There is no association of one type of stimulus with another, rather it is a generalized response to the environment. ISBN:0582227089 A decrease in a behavioral response to a repeated stimulus. This is exemplified by the failure of a person to show a startle response to a loud noise that has been repeatedly presented. Wikipedia:Habituation biological_process GO:0046959 habituation A decrease in a behavioral response to a repeated stimulus. This is exemplified by the failure of a person to show a startle response to a loud noise that has been repeatedly presented. ISBN:0582227089 Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the response to osmotic stress. biological_process GO:0047484 regulation of response to osmotic stress Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the response to osmotic stress. GOC:ai The directed movement of a vesicle along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of a vesicle to a microtubule, and ends when the vesicle reaches its final destination. microtubule-based vesicle localization biological_process GO:0047496 vesicle transport along microtubule The directed movement of a vesicle along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of a vesicle to a microtubule, and ends when the vesicle reaches its final destination. GOC:ecd GOC:rl microtubule-based vesicle localization GOC:rl The activity of a gene product that interacts with a receptor to effect a change in the activity of the receptor. Ligands may be produced by the same, or different, cell that expresses the receptor. Ligands may diffuse extracellularly from their point of origin to the receiving cell, or remain attached to an adjacent cell surface (e.g. Notch ligands). midori 2010-09-13T04:51:59Z GO:0071884 receptor agonist activity signaling molecule signaling receptor ligand activity vitamin D receptor activator activity molecular_function GO:0048018 Definition discussed in https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/14220 receptor ligand activity The activity of a gene product that interacts with a receptor to effect a change in the activity of the receptor. Ligands may be produced by the same, or different, cell that expresses the receptor. Ligands may diffuse extracellularly from their point of origin to the receiving cell, or remain attached to an adjacent cell surface (e.g. Notch ligands). GOC:kv GOC:molecular_function_refactoring GOC:pdt receptor agonist activity GOC:molecular_function_refactoring Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA splicing via a spliceosomal mechanism. GO:0035055 regulation of pre-mRNA splicing regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing via U2-type spliceosome biological_process GO:0048024 regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosome Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA splicing via a spliceosomal mechanism. GOC:jid regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome GOC:vw Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mRNA splicing via a spliceosomal mechanism. GO:0035056 negative regulation of pre-mRNA splicing down regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome down-regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome downregulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome negative regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome down regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing via U2-type spliceosome down-regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing via U2-type spliceosome downregulation of nuclear mRNA splicing via U2-type spliceosome inhibition of nuclear mRNA splicing via U2-type spliceosome inhibition of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome negative regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing via U2-type spliceosome biological_process GO:0048025 negative regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosome Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mRNA splicing via a spliceosomal mechanism. GOC:jid negative regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome GOC:vw Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of mRNA splicing via a spliceosomal mechanism. GO:0035057 positive regulation of pre-mRNA splicing positive regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome up regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome up-regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome upregulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome activation of nuclear mRNA splicing via U2-type spliceosome activation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome positive regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing via U2-type spliceosome stimulation of nuclear mRNA splicing via U2-type spliceosome stimulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome up regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing via U2-type spliceosome up-regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing via U2-type spliceosome upregulation of nuclear mRNA splicing via U2-type spliceosome biological_process GO:0048026 positive regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosome Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of mRNA splicing via a spliceosomal mechanism. GOC:jid positive regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome GOC:vw The developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism, tissue or cell. biological_process pigmentation during development GO:0048066 developmental pigmentation The developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism, tissue or cell. ISBN:0582227089 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism. regulation of pigmentation during development biological_process GO:0048070 regulation of developmental pigmentation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism. GOC:dph GOC:jid GOC:tb regulation of pigmentation during development GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism. down regulation of developmental pigmentation down-regulation of developmental pigmentation downregulation of developmental pigmentation inhibition of pigmentation biological_process GO:0048086 negative regulation of developmental pigmentation Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism. GOC:dph GOC:jid GOC:tb down regulation of developmental pigmentation GOC:dph GOC:tb down-regulation of developmental pigmentation GOC:dph GOC:tb downregulation of developmental pigmentation GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism. up regulation of developmental pigmentation up-regulation of developmental pigmentation upregulation of developmental pigmentation activation of developmental pigmentation stimulation of developmental pigmentation biological_process GO:0048087 positive regulation of developmental pigmentation Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism. GOC:dph GOC:jid GOC:tb up regulation of developmental pigmentation GOC:dph up-regulation of developmental pigmentation GOC:dph GOC:tb upregulation of developmental pigmentation GOC:dph goc:tb activation of developmental pigmentation GOC:dph GOC:tb stimulation of developmental pigmentation GOC:dph GOC:tb A form of programmed cell death that is accompanied by the formation of autophagosomes. Autophagic cell death is characterized by lack of chromatin condensation and massive vacuolization of the cytoplasm, with little or no uptake by phagocytic cells. autophagic death programmed cell death by autophagy programmed cell death by macroautophagy biological_process autosis type II programmed cell death GO:0048102 The precise nature of autophagic cell death is still being debated, and the link between autophagy and cell death unclear. As autophagy is often induced under conditions of stress that could also lead to cell death, there has been a propagation of the idea that autophagy can act as a cell death mechanism; but others suggest that autophagy may simply be an attempt of dying cells to adapt to lethal stress rather than a mechanism to execute a cell death program. Further studies are required to resolve this controversy (see e.g. PMID:22082964, PMID:22052193, PMID:25236395). In the meantime, curators should carefully examine the experimental evidence presented in papers concerning autophagic cell death, and annotate accordingly. Recently, an instance of autophagic cell death, termed autosis, was discovered that relies on the plasma membrane Na+/K+-ATPase. Autosis was observed in vivo in the brain of rats subjected to an ischemic insult. It's still unclear if all cases of autophagic cell death require the Na+/K+-ATPase or not. autophagic cell death A form of programmed cell death that is accompanied by the formation of autophagosomes. Autophagic cell death is characterized by lack of chromatin condensation and massive vacuolization of the cytoplasm, with little or no uptake by phagocytic cells. GOC:autophagy GOC:mah GOC:mtg_apoptosis PMID:18846107 PMID:23347517 programmed cell death by autophagy GOC:pr programmed cell death by macroautophagy GOC:cjm autosis PMID:25236395 type II programmed cell death GOC:sl Generation of the male gamete; specialised haploid cells produced by meiosis and along with a female gamete takes part in sexual reproduction. biological_process GO:0048232 male gamete generation Generation of the male gamete; specialised haploid cells produced by meiosis and along with a female gamete takes part in sexual reproduction. GOC:dph GOC:jid Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport. regulation of receptor mediated endocytosis biological_process GO:0048259 regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport. GOC:go_curators GOC:tb regulation of receptor mediated endocytosis GOC:tb Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport. positive regulation of receptor mediated endocytosis up regulation of receptor mediated endocytosis up-regulation of receptor mediated endocytosis upregulation of receptor mediated endocytosis activation of receptor mediated endocytosis stimulation of receptor mediated endocytosis biological_process GO:0048260 positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport. GOC:go_curators GOC:tb positive regulation of receptor mediated endocytosis GOC:tb Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport. down regulation of receptor mediated endocytosis down-regulation of receptor mediated endocytosis downregulation of receptor mediated endocytosis negative regulation of receptor mediated endocytosis inhibition of receptor mediated endocytosis biological_process GO:0048261 negative regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport. GOC:go_curators The creation of a single organelle from two or more organelles. biological_process GO:0048284 organelle fusion The creation of a single organelle from two or more organelles. GOC:jid The creation of two or more organelles by division of one organelle. biological_process GO:0048285 organelle fission The creation of two or more organelles by division of one organelle. GOC:jid The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesoderm are generated and organized. biological_process GO:0048332 mesoderm morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesoderm are generated and organized. GOC:go_curators The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. biological_process terminal differentiation GO:0048468 cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. GOC:go_curators terminal differentiation GOC:dph GOC:tb A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cell to attain its fully functional state. biological_process functional differentiation GO:0048469 cell maturation A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cell to attain its fully functional state. GOC:go_curators functional differentiation GOC:dph The complete process of formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell. Examples of this process are found in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster. GO:0009993 GO:0048157 Wikipedia:Oogenesis ovum development biological_process GO:0048477 oogenesis The complete process of formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell. Examples of this process are found in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster. GOC:kmv GOC:mtg_sensu GOC:pr ovum development A vesicle-mediated transport process, in which the synaptic vesicle membrane constituents are retrieved from the presynaptic membrane on the axon terminal after neurotransmitter secretion by exocytosis. Synaptic vesicle endocytosis can occur via clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent mechanisms. GO:0008099 biological_process synaptic vesicle retrieval GO:0048488 Changed parent as requested in https://github.com/geneontology/synapse/issues/230 synaptic vesicle endocytosis A vesicle-mediated transport process, in which the synaptic vesicle membrane constituents are retrieved from the presynaptic membrane on the axon terminal after neurotransmitter secretion by exocytosis. Synaptic vesicle endocytosis can occur via clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent mechanisms. GOC:aruk GOC:bc GOC:jid GOC:lmg GOC:mah PMID:20448150 PMID:26430111 The directed movement of synaptic vesicles. GO:0016181 biological_process synaptic vesicle fission synaptic vesicle fusion synaptic vesicle trafficking GO:0048489 synaptic vesicle transport The directed movement of synaptic vesicles. GOC:aruk GOC:bc GOC:jid GOC:lmg GOC:pr synaptic vesicle trafficking PMID:15217342 The directed movement of synaptic vesicle along axonal microtubules from the cell body to the presynapse. anterograde axonal transport of synaptic vesicle biological_process GO:0048490 anterograde synaptic vesicle transport The directed movement of synaptic vesicle along axonal microtubules from the cell body to the presynapse. GOC:jid GOC:lmg Any process pertinent to the generation and maintenance of rhythms in the physiology of an organism. MIPS_funcat:34.11.11 biological_process rhythm GO:0048511 rhythmic process Any process pertinent to the generation and maintenance of rhythms in the physiology of an organism. GOC:jid The specific behavior of an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. circadian rhythm behavior biological_process GO:0048512 circadian behavior The specific behavior of an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. GOC:bf GOC:go_curators GOC:pr Development of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Wikipedia:Organogenesis development of an organ organogenesis biological_process GO:0048513 animal organ development Development of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. GOC:dph GOC:jid The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. spermatid cell differentiation biological_process GO:0048515 spermatid differentiation The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. GOC:dph GOC:jid Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. GO:0043119 positive regulation of physiological process up regulation of biological process up-regulation of biological process upregulation of biological process activation of biological process stimulation of biological process biological_process GO:0048518 positive regulation of biological process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. GOC:jid Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. GO:0043118 down regulation of biological process down-regulation of biological process downregulation of biological process negative regulation of physiological process inhibition of biological process biological_process GO:0048519 negative regulation of biological process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. GOC:jid Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli. up regulation of behavior up-regulation of behavior upregulation of behavior activation of behavior stimulation of behavior biological_process GO:0048520 positive regulation of behavior Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli. GOC:jid GOC:pr Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli. down regulation of behavior down-regulation of behavior downregulation of behavior inhibition of behavior biological_process GO:0048521 negative regulation of behavior Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli. GOC:jid GOC:pr Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. GO:0051242 positive regulation of cellular physiological process up regulation of cellular process up-regulation of cellular process upregulation of cellular process activation of cellular process stimulation of cellular process biological_process GO:0048522 positive regulation of cellular process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. GOC:jid Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. GO:0051243 down regulation of cellular process down-regulation of cellular process downregulation of cellular process negative regulation of cellular physiological process inhibition of cellular process biological_process GO:0048523 negative regulation of cellular process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. GOC:jid The process whose specific outcome is the progression of any organ involved in hematopoiesis (also known as hemopoiesis) or lymphoid cell activation over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Such development includes differentiation of resident cell types (stromal cells) and of migratory cell types dependent on the unique microenvironment afforded by the organ for their proper differentiation. haematopoietic or lymphoid organ development haemopoietic or lymphoid organ development hemopoietic or lymphoid organ development biological_process GO:0048534 hematopoietic or lymphoid organ development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of any organ involved in hematopoiesis (also known as hemopoiesis) or lymphoid cell activation over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Such development includes differentiation of resident cell types (stromal cells) and of migratory cell types dependent on the unique microenvironment afforded by the organ for their proper differentiation. GOC:add GOC:rl ISBN:0781735149 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bursa of Fabricius over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The bursa of Fabricius is an organ found in birds involved in B cell differentiation. biological_process GO:0048540 bursa of Fabricius development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bursa of Fabricius over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The bursa of Fabricius is an organ found in birds involved in B cell differentiation. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed. gut development MIPS_funcat:47.03.11.05 intestinal development intestine development biological_process GO:0048565 digestive tract development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed. GOC:go_curators gut development GOC:dph Development, taking place during the post-embryonic phase of an animal tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. post-embryonic animal organogenesis biological_process GO:0048569 post-embryonic animal organ development Development, taking place during the post-embryonic phase of an animal tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. GOC:jid Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. biological_process GO:0048580 regulation of post-embryonic development Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. GOC:jid Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. down regulation of post-embryonic development down-regulation of post-embryonic development downregulation of post-embryonic development inhibition of post-embryonic development biological_process GO:0048581 negative regulation of post-embryonic development Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. GOC:jid Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. up regulation of post-embryonic development up-regulation of post-embryonic development upregulation of post-embryonic development activation of post-embryonic development stimulation of post-embryonic development biological_process GO:0048582 positive regulation of post-embryonic development Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. GOC:jid Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. biological_process GO:0048583 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. regulation of response to stimulus Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. GOC:jid Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. up regulation of response to stimulus up-regulation of response to stimulus upregulation of response to stimulus activation of response to stimulus stimulation of response to stimulus biological_process GO:0048584 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. positive regulation of response to stimulus Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. GOC:jid Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. down regulation of response to stimulus down-regulation of response to stimulus downregulation of response to stimulus inhibition of response to stimulus biological_process GO:0048585 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. negative regulation of response to stimulus Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. GOC:jid The growth of a cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from one condition to another. developmental growth of a unicellular organism biological_process GO:0048588 developmental cell growth The growth of a cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from one condition to another. GOC:go_curators GOC:isa_complete The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another. biological_process GO:0048589 developmental growth The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another. GOC:go_curators The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The embryonic phase begins with zygote formation. The end of the embryonic phase is organism-specific. For example, it would be at birth for mammals, larval hatching for insects and seed dormancy in plants. GO:0048828 embryonic anatomical structure morphogenesis biological_process GO:0048598 embryonic morphogenesis The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The embryonic phase begins with zygote formation. The end of the embryonic phase is organism-specific. For example, it would be at birth for mammals, larval hatching for insects and seed dormancy in plants. GOC:jid GOC:mtg_sensu embryonic anatomical structure morphogenesis GOC:dph GOC:tb The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. biological_process GO:0048599 oocyte development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. GOC:go_curators The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of structures that will be used in the process of creating new individuals from one or more parents, from their formation to the mature structures. MIPS_funcat:45.03.15 biological_process GO:0048608 reproductive structure development The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of structures that will be used in the process of creating new individuals from one or more parents, from their formation to the mature structures. GOC:dph GOC:isa_complete GOC:jid The process, occurring above the cellular level, that is pertinent to the reproductive function of a multicellular organism. This includes the integrated processes at the level of tissues and organs. organismal reproductive process reproductive process in a multicellular organism biological_process GO:0048609 multicellular organismal reproductive process The process, occurring above the cellular level, that is pertinent to the reproductive function of a multicellular organism. This includes the integrated processes at the level of tissues and organs. GOC:dph GOC:jid GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle development. biological_process GO:0048634 regulation of muscle organ development Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle development. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle development. down regulation of muscle development down-regulation of muscle development downregulation of muscle development inhibition of muscle development biological_process GO:0048635 negative regulation of muscle organ development Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle development. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of muscle development. up regulation of muscle development up-regulation of muscle development upregulation of muscle development activation of muscle development stimulation of muscle development biological_process GO:0048636 positive regulation of muscle organ development Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of muscle development. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of developmental growth. biological_process GO:0048638 regulation of developmental growth Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of developmental growth. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of developmental growth. up regulation of developmental growth up-regulation of developmental growth upregulation of developmental growth activation of developmental growth stimulation of developmental growth biological_process GO:0048639 positive regulation of developmental growth Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of developmental growth. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of developmental growth. down regulation of developmental growth down-regulation of developmental growth downregulation of developmental growth inhibition of developmental growth biological_process GO:0048640 negative regulation of developmental growth Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of developmental growth. GOC:go_curators The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an anatomical structure from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. formation of an anatomical structure involved in morphogenesis biological_process GO:0048646 Note that, for example, the formation of a pseudopod in an amoeba would not be considered formation involved in morphogenesis because it would not be thought of as the formation of an anatomical structure that was part of the shaping of the amoeba during its development. The formation of an axon from a neuron would be considered the formation of an anatomical structure involved in morphogenesis because it contributes to the creation of the form of the neuron in a developmental sense. anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an anatomical structure from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. GOC:dph GOC:jid GOC:tb formation of an anatomical structure involved in morphogenesis GOC:dph GOC:tb The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. biological_process GO:0048666 neuron development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. GOC:dph The process in which the structures of a neuron are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a neuron. neuron morphogenesis involved in differentiation biological_process GO:0048667 cell morphogenesis involved in neuron differentiation The process in which the structures of a neuron are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a neuron. GOC:dph GOC:tb neuron morphogenesis involved in differentiation GOC:dph GOC:tb Long distance growth of a single axon process involved in cellular development. GO:0048676 axon extension involved in development biological_process GO:0048675 axon extension Long distance growth of a single axon process involved in cellular development. GOC:BHF GOC:dgh GOC:dph GOC:jid GOC:lm GOC:rl The process in which nerve cells are generated. This includes the production of neuroblasts and their differentiation into neurons. MIPS_funcat:41.05.13 neuron generation biological_process GO:0048699 generation of neurons The process in which nerve cells are generated. This includes the production of neuroblasts and their differentiation into neurons. GOC:nln The process in which the anatomical structures of a tissue are generated and organized. biological_process GO:0048729 tissue morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a tissue are generated and organized. GOC:dph GOC:jid The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process. biological_process GO:0048731 system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process. GOC:dph GOC:jid A specialized region of the plasma membrane and cell cortex of a presynaptic neuron; encompasses a region of the plasma membrane where synaptic vesicles dock and fuse, and a specialized cortical cytoskeletal matrix. NIF_Subcellular:sao792027222 pre-synaptic active zone presynaptic specialization pre-synaptic active zone component cellular_component GO:0048786 presynaptic active zone A specialized region of the plasma membrane and cell cortex of a presynaptic neuron; encompasses a region of the plasma membrane where synaptic vesicles dock and fuse, and a specialized cortical cytoskeletal matrix. GOC:dh GOC:dl GOC:ef GOC:jid GOC:pr PMID:3152289 pre-synaptic active zone component NIF_Subcellular:sao1911631652 The process in which the anatomical structures of a neuron projection are generated and organized. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites. neurite biosynthesis neurite formation neurite growth biological_process neurite morphogenesis GO:0048812 neuron projection morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a neuron projection are generated and organized. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites. GOC:mah neurite morphogenesis GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance. biological_process GO:0048841 regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance. GOC:devbiol Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance. up regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance up-regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance upregulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance activation of axon extension involved in axon guidance stimulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance biological_process GO:0048842 positive regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance. GOC:devbiol Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance. down regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance down-regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance downregulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance inhibition of axon extension involved in axon guidance biological_process GO:0048843 negative regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance. GOC:devbiol The long distance growth of a single cell process, that is involved in the migration of an axon growth cone, where the migration is directed to a specific target site by a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. biological_process GO:0048846 axon extension involved in axon guidance The long distance growth of a single cell process, that is involved in the migration of an axon growth cone, where the migration is directed to a specific target site by a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. GOC:ef GOC:jid The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anatomical structure from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. development of an anatomical structure biological_process GO:0048856 This term was added by GO_REF:0000021. anatomical structure development The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anatomical structure from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. GOC:mtg_15jun06 GO_REF:0000021 The process in which the anatomical structures of a cell projection are generated and organized. biological_process GO:0048858 This term was added by GO_REF:0000021. cell projection morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a cell projection are generated and organized. GOC:mtg_15jun06 GO_REF:0000021 A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cell over time from an initial condition to a later condition. biological_process GO:0048869 cellular developmental process A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cell over time from an initial condition to a later condition. GOC:isa_complete Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another. cell locomotion movement of a cell biological_process cell movement GO:0048870 cell motility Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another. GOC:dgh GOC:dph GOC:isa_complete GOC:mlg Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of a chemical. biological_process GO:0048878 chemical homeostasis Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of a chemical. GOC:isa_complete The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sensory system over time from its formation to the mature structure. biological_process GO:0048880 sensory system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sensory system over time from its formation to the mature structure. GOC:dgh Any process in which a chromosome is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. chromosome localisation establishment and maintenance of chromosome localization establishment and maintenance of chromosome position biological_process GO:0050000 chromosome localization Any process in which a chromosome is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. GOC:ai chromosome localisation GOC:mah The directed movement of nucleic acids, single or double-stranded polynucleotides involved in the storage, transmission and transfer of genetic information, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. biological_process GO:0050657 nucleic acid transport The directed movement of nucleic acids, single or double-stranded polynucleotides involved in the storage, transmission and transfer of genetic information, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai ISBN:0198506732 The directed movement of RNA, ribonucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. MIPS_funcat:20.01.21 biological_process GO:0050658 RNA transport The directed movement of RNA, ribonucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA processing, those processes involved in the conversion of a primary mRNA transcript into a mature mRNA prior to its translation into polypeptide. biological_process GO:0050684 regulation of mRNA processing Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA processing, those processes involved in the conversion of a primary mRNA transcript into a mature mRNA prior to its translation into polypeptide. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA processing. up regulation of mRNA processing up-regulation of mRNA processing upregulation of mRNA processing activation of mRNA processing stimulation of mRNA processing biological_process GO:0050685 positive regulation of mRNA processing Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA processing. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA processing. down regulation of mRNA processing down-regulation of mRNA processing downregulation of mRNA processing inhibition of mRNA processing biological_process GO:0050686 negative regulation of mRNA processing Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA processing. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell. biological_process GO:0050708 regulation of protein secretion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell. down regulation of protein secretion down-regulation of protein secretion downregulation of protein secretion inhibition of protein secretion biological_process GO:0050709 negative regulation of protein secretion Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell. up regulation of protein secretion up-regulation of protein secretion upregulation of protein secretion activation of protein secretion stimulation of protein secretion biological_process GO:0050714 positive regulation of protein secretion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis, the process in which phagocytes engulf external particulate material. biological_process GO:0050764 regulation of phagocytosis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis, the process in which phagocytes engulf external particulate material. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis. down regulation of phagocytosis down-regulation of phagocytosis downregulation of phagocytosis inhibition of phagocytosis biological_process GO:0050765 negative regulation of phagocytosis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis. up regulation of phagocytosis up-regulation of phagocytosis upregulation of phagocytosis activation of phagocytosis stimulation of phagocytosis biological_process GO:0050766 positive regulation of phagocytosis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells in the nervous system. biological_process GO:0050767 regulation of neurogenesis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells in the nervous system. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells within the nervous system. down regulation of neurogenesis down-regulation of neurogenesis downregulation of neurogenesis inhibition of neurogenesis biological_process GO:0050768 negative regulation of neurogenesis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells within the nervous system. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells within the nervous system. up regulation of neurogenesis up-regulation of neurogenesis upregulation of neurogenesis activation of neurogenesis stimulation of neurogenesis biological_process GO:0050769 positive regulation of neurogenesis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells within the nervous system. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis, the generation of an axon, the long process of a neuron. biological_process GO:0050770 regulation of axonogenesis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis, the generation of an axon, the long process of a neuron. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis. down regulation of axonogenesis down-regulation of axonogenesis downregulation of axonogenesis inhibition of axonogenesis biological_process GO:0050771 negative regulation of axonogenesis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis. up regulation of axonogenesis up-regulation of axonogenesis upregulation of axonogenesis activation of axonogenesis stimulation of axonogenesis biological_process GO:0050772 positive regulation of axonogenesis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite development. biological_process GO:0050773 regulation of dendrite development Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite development. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. biological_process GO:0050776 regulation of immune response Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. down regulation of immune response down-regulation of immune response downregulation of immune response inhibition of immune response biological_process GO:0050777 negative regulation of immune response Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. up regulation of immune response up-regulation of immune response upregulation of immune response stimulation of immune response biological_process GO:0050778 positive regulation of immune response Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. GO:0050791 regulation of physiological process biological_process GO:0050789 regulation of biological process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. GOC:ai GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the activity of an enzyme. GO:0048552 MIPS_funcat:18.02.01 regulation of enzyme activity regulation of metalloenzyme activity biological_process GO:0050790 regulation of catalytic activity Any process that modulates the activity of an enzyme. GOC:ai GOC:ebc GOC:vw Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). biological_process GO:0050793 regulation of developmental process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. GO:0051244 regulation of cellular physiological process biological_process GO:0050794 regulation of cellular process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli. regulation of behaviour biological_process GO:0050795 regulation of behavior Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli. GOC:go_curators GOC:pr Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of ions within an organism or cell. GO:2000021 biological_process electrolyte homeostasis negative regulation of crystal formation regulation of ion homeostasis GO:0050801 ion homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of ions within an organism or cell. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the physical form or the activity of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell). biological_process GO:0050803 regulation of synapse structure or activity Any process that modulates the physical form or the activity of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell). GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency or amplitude of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse. Amplitude, in this case, refers to the change in postsynaptic membrane potential due to a single instance of synaptic transmission. modulation of synaptic transmission regulation of chemical synaptic transmission regulation of synaptic transmission biological_process GO:0050804 modulation of chemical synaptic transmission Any process that modulates the frequency or amplitude of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse. Amplitude, in this case, refers to the change in postsynaptic membrane potential due to a single instance of synaptic transmission. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse. down regulation of synaptic transmission down-regulation of synaptic transmission downregulation of synaptic transmission inhibition of synaptic transmission biological_process GO:0050805 negative regulation of synaptic transmission Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse. up regulation of synaptic transmission up-regulation of synaptic transmission upregulation of synaptic transmission activation of synaptic transmission stimulation of synaptic transmission biological_process GO:0050806 positive regulation of synaptic transmission Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the physical form of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell). regulation of synapse organisation regulation of synapse structure biological_process regulation of synapse organization and biogenesis GO:0050807 regulation of synapse organization Any process that modulates the physical form of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell). GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:tb regulation of synapse organisation GOC:mah regulation of synapse organization and biogenesis GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell). synapse organisation biological_process synapse development synapse morphogenesis synapse organization and biogenesis GO:0050808 synapse organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell). GOC:ai GOC:pr synapse development GOC:aruk synapse morphogenesis GOC:BHF synapse organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process involved in maintaining the structure and integrity of a protein and preventing it from degradation or aggregation. MIPS_funcat:14.01 positive regulation of protein stability protein stabilisation lysosomal protein stabilization biological_process protein sequestering protein stabilization activity GO:0050821 protein stabilization Any process involved in maintaining the structure and integrity of a protein and preventing it from degradation or aggregation. GOC:ai protein stabilisation GOC:ah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-mediated signaling, the process in which a cell uses calcium ions to convert an extracellular signal into a response. regulation of calcium-mediated signalling biological_process GO:0050848 regulation of calcium-mediated signaling Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-mediated signaling, the process in which a cell uses calcium ions to convert an extracellular signal into a response. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-mediated signaling. down regulation of calcium-mediated signaling down-regulation of calcium-mediated signaling downregulation of calcium-mediated signaling negative regulation of calcium-mediated signalling inhibition of calcium-mediated signaling biological_process GO:0050849 negative regulation of calcium-mediated signaling Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-mediated signaling. GOC:ai PMID:11696592 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-mediated signaling. positive regulation of calcium-mediated signalling up regulation of calcium-mediated signaling up-regulation of calcium-mediated signaling upregulation of calcium-mediated signaling activation of calcium-mediated signaling stimulation of calcium-mediated signaling biological_process GO:0050850 positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-mediated signaling. GOC:ai A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of neurological system. MIPS_funcat:36.25.03 neurological system process neurophysiological process biological_process pan-neural process GO:0050877 Discussion of class label and synonyms: https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13824 nervous system process A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of neurological system. GOC:ai GOC:mtg_cardio Any physiological process involved in changing the position of a multicellular organism or an anatomical part of a multicellular organism. MIPS_funcat:02.45.11 biological_process GO:0050879 multicellular organismal movement Any physiological process involved in changing the position of a multicellular organism or an anatomical part of a multicellular organism. GOC:dph GOC:mtg_muscle GOC:tb The operation of the mind by which an organism becomes aware of objects of thought or perception; it includes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory. Wikipedia:Cognition biological_process GO:0050890 cognition The operation of the mind by which an organism becomes aware of objects of thought or perception; it includes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory. ISBN:0721619908 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. GO:0051869 MIPS_funcat:34.11 physiological response to stimulus biological_process GO:0050896 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. GOC:ai GOC:bf The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of a chemical. chemoattraction biological_process GO:0050918 positive chemotaxis The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of a chemical. GOC:ai GOC:bf GOC:isa_complete The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of a chemical. chemoaversion chemorepulsion biological_process GO:0050919 negative chemotaxis The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of a chemical. GOC:ai GOC:bf GOC:isa_complete Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient. biological_process GO:0050920 regulation of chemotaxis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient. up regulation of chemotaxis up-regulation of chemotaxis upregulation of chemotaxis activation of chemotaxis stimulation of chemotaxis biological_process GO:0050921 positive regulation of chemotaxis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient. down regulation of chemotaxis down-regulation of chemotaxis downregulation of chemotaxis inhibition of chemotaxis biological_process GO:0050922 negative regulation of chemotaxis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical. biological_process GO:0050923 regulation of negative chemotaxis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical. up regulation of negative chemotaxis up-regulation of negative chemotaxis upregulation of negative chemotaxis activation of negative chemotaxis stimulation of negative chemotaxis biological_process GO:0050924 positive regulation of negative chemotaxis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical. down regulation of negative chemotaxis down-regulation of negative chemotaxis downregulation of negative chemotaxis inhibition of negative chemotaxis biological_process GO:0050925 negative regulation of negative chemotaxis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical. biological_process GO:0050926 regulation of positive chemotaxis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical. up regulation of positive chemotaxis up-regulation of positive chemotaxis upregulation of positive chemotaxis activation of positive chemotaxis stimulation of positive chemotaxis biological_process GO:0050927 positive regulation of positive chemotaxis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical. down regulation of positive chemotaxis down-regulation of positive chemotaxis downregulation of positive chemotaxis inhibition of positive chemotaxis biological_process GO:0050928 negative regulation of positive chemotaxis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical. GOC:ai The directed movement of mRNA, messenger ribonucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. biological_process GO:0051028 mRNA transport The directed movement of mRNA, messenger ribonucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription as part of a meiotic cell cycle. meiotic regulation of transcription regulation of transcription, meiotic biological_process GO:0051037 regulation of transcription involved in meiotic cell cycle Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription as part of a meiotic cell cycle. GOC:go_curators regulation of transcription, meiotic GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription involved in the meiotic cell cycle. down regulation of transcription during meiosis down-regulation of transcription during meiosis downregulation of transcription during meiosis meiotic repression of transcription negative regulation of meiotic transcription negative regulation of transcription, meiotic inhibition of transcription during meiosis biological_process GO:0051038 negative regulation of transcription involved in meiotic cell cycle Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription involved in the meiotic cell cycle. GOC:ai down regulation of transcription during meiosis GOC:mah down-regulation of transcription during meiosis GOC:mah downregulation of transcription during meiosis GOC:mah negative regulation of transcription, meiotic GOC:mah inhibition of transcription during meiosis GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription as part of a meiotic cell cycle. positive regulation of meiotic transcription positive regulation of transcription, meiotic up regulation of transcription during meiosis up-regulation of transcription during meiosis upregulation of transcription during meiosis activation of transcription during meiosis stimulation of transcription during meiosis biological_process GO:0051039 positive regulation of transcription involved in meiotic cell cycle Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription as part of a meiotic cell cycle. GOC:ai positive regulation of transcription, meiotic GOC:mah up regulation of transcription during meiosis GOC:mah up-regulation of transcription during meiosis GOC:mah upregulation of transcription during meiosis GOC:mah activation of transcription during meiosis GOC:mah stimulation of transcription during meiosis GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue. biological_process GO:0051046 regulation of secretion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue. up regulation of secretion up-regulation of secretion upregulation of secretion activation of secretion stimulation of secretion biological_process GO:0051047 positive regulation of secretion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue. down regulation of secretion down-regulation of secretion downregulation of secretion inhibition of secretion biological_process GO:0051048 negative regulation of secretion Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. biological_process GO:0051049 regulation of transport Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. up regulation of transport up-regulation of transport upregulation of transport activation of transport stimulation of transport biological_process GO:0051050 positive regulation of transport Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. down regulation of transport down-regulation of transport downregulation of transport inhibition of transport biological_process GO:0051051 negative regulation of transport Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA. MIPS_funcat:10.01.11 regulation of DNA metabolism biological_process GO:0051052 regulation of DNA metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA. down regulation of DNA metabolic process down-regulation of DNA metabolic process downregulation of DNA metabolic process negative regulation of DNA metabolism inhibition of DNA metabolic process biological_process GO:0051053 negative regulation of DNA metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA. positive regulation of DNA metabolism up regulation of DNA metabolic process up-regulation of DNA metabolic process upregulation of DNA metabolic process activation of DNA metabolic process stimulation of DNA metabolic process biological_process GO:0051054 positive regulation of DNA metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids. down regulation of lipid biosynthetic process down-regulation of lipid biosynthetic process downregulation of lipid biosynthetic process negative regulation of lipid anabolism negative regulation of lipid biosynthesis negative regulation of lipid formation negative regulation of lipid synthesis negative regulation of lipogenesis inhibition of lipid biosynthetic process biological_process GO:0051055 negative regulation of lipid biosynthetic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids. GOC:ai negative regulation of lipogenesis GOC:sl The cell cycle process in which the controlled breakdown of the nuclear envelope during meiotic cell division occurs. meiotic nuclear envelope breakdown meiotic nuclear envelope catabolism meiotic nuclear envelope degradation biological_process GO:0051078 meiotic nuclear envelope disassembly The cell cycle process in which the controlled breakdown of the nuclear envelope during meiotic cell division occurs. GOC:bf The controlled breakdown of the nuclear envelope during the first division of meiosis. meiosis I nuclear envelope breakdown meiosis I nuclear envelope catabolism meiosis I nuclear envelope degradation biological_process GO:0051079 meiosis I nuclear envelope disassembly The controlled breakdown of the nuclear envelope during the first division of meiosis. GOC:bf The controlled breakdown of the nuclear envelope in the context of a normal process. nuclear envelope breakdown nuclear envelope catabolism nuclear envelope degradation biological_process GO:0051081 nuclear envelope disassembly The controlled breakdown of the nuclear envelope in the context of a normal process. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). down regulation of developmental process down-regulation of developmental process downregulation of developmental process inhibition of developmental process biological_process GO:0051093 negative regulation of developmental process Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). up regulation of developmental process up-regulation of developmental process upregulation of developmental process activation of developmental process stimulation of developmental process biological_process GO:0051094 positive regulation of developmental process Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule. biological_process GO:0051098 regulation of binding Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule. up regulation of binding up-regulation of binding upregulation of binding activation of binding stimulation of binding biological_process GO:0051099 positive regulation of binding Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule. GOC:ai Any process that stops or reduces the rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule. down regulation of binding down-regulation of binding downregulation of binding inhibition of binding biological_process GO:0051100 negative regulation of binding Any process that stops or reduces the rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). biological_process GO:0051101 regulation of DNA binding Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. regulation of cellular component organisation biological_process regulation of cell organisation regulation of cell organization regulation of cellular component organization and biogenesis GO:0051128 regulation of cellular component organization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. GOC:ai regulation of cell organisation GOC:mah regulation of cell organization GOC:mah regulation of cellular component organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. down regulation of cell organization down-regulation of cell organization downregulation of cell organization inhibition of cell organization biological_process negative regulation of cell organisation negative regulation of cellular component organization and biogenesis GO:0051129 negative regulation of cellular component organization Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. GOC:ai negative regulation of cell organisation GOC:mah negative regulation of cellular component organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. positive regulation of cell organisation up regulation of cell organization up-regulation of cell organization upregulation of cell organization activation of cell organization stimulation of cell organization biological_process positive regulation of cellular component organization and biogenesis GO:0051130 positive regulation of cellular component organization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. GOC:ai positive regulation of cellular component organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation. biological_process GO:0051147 regulation of muscle cell differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation. CL:0000187 GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation. down regulation of muscle cell differentiation down-regulation of muscle cell differentiation downregulation of muscle cell differentiation inhibition of muscle cell differentiation biological_process GO:0051148 negative regulation of muscle cell differentiation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation. CL:0000187 GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation. up regulation of muscle cell differentiation up-regulation of muscle cell differentiation upregulation of muscle cell differentiation activation of muscle cell differentiation stimulation of muscle cell differentiation biological_process GO:0051149 positive regulation of muscle cell differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation. CL:0000187 GOC:ai The directed movement of substances out of the nucleus. export from nucleus nucleus export substance nuclear export biological_process GO:0051168 nuclear export The directed movement of substances out of the nucleus. GOC:ai The directed movement of substances into, out of, or within the nucleus. MIPS_funcat:20.09.01 Wikipedia:Nuclear_transport nucleus transport biological_process GO:0051169 nuclear transport The directed movement of substances into, out of, or within the nucleus. GOC:ai The directed movement of substances into the nucleus. jl 2013-12-19T15:26:34Z GO:1902593 nuclear import single organism nuclear import substance nuclear import biological_process single-organism nuclear import GO:0051170 import into nucleus The directed movement of substances into the nucleus. GOC:ai single organism nuclear import GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds. regulation of nitrogen metabolic process regulation of nitrogen metabolism biological_process GO:0051171 regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds. GOC:ai GOC:tb regulation of nitrogen metabolic process GOC:tb Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds. down regulation of nitrogen metabolic process down-regulation of nitrogen metabolic process downregulation of nitrogen metabolic process negative regulation of nitrogen metabolic process negative regulation of nitrogen metabolism inhibition of nitrogen metabolic process biological_process GO:0051172 negative regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds. GOC:ai GOC:tb negative regulation of nitrogen metabolic process GOC:tb Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds. positive regulation of nitrogen metabolic process positive regulation of nitrogen metabolism up regulation of nitrogen metabolic process up-regulation of nitrogen metabolic process upregulation of nitrogen metabolic process activation of nitrogen metabolic process stimulation of nitrogen metabolic process biological_process GO:0051173 positive regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds. GOC:ai GOC:tb positive regulation of nitrogen metabolic process GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus. regulation of phosphorus metabolism biological_process GO:0051174 regulation of phosphorus metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus. GOC:ai Any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported, tethered to or otherwise maintained in a specific location. In the case of substances, localization may also be achieved via selective degradation. jl 2013-12-18T13:51:04Z GO:1902578 establishment and maintenance of localization establishment and maintenance of position localisation establishment and maintenance of cellular component location establishment and maintenance of substance location establishment and maintenance of substrate location biological_process single organism localization single-organism localization GO:0051179 localization Any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported, tethered to or otherwise maintained in a specific location. In the case of substances, localization may also be achieved via selective degradation. GOC:ai GOC:dos localisation GOC:mah single organism localization GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. up regulation of protein transport up-regulation of protein transport upregulation of protein transport activation of protein transport stimulation of protein transport biological_process GO:0051222 positive regulation of protein transport Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. biological_process GO:0051223 regulation of protein transport Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. down regulation of protein transport down-regulation of protein transport downregulation of protein transport inhibition of protein transport biological_process GO:0051224 negative regulation of protein transport Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated chromosomes apart. GO:0051226 GO:0051227 bipolar spindle biosynthesis bipolar spindle formation spindle biosynthesis spindle formation biological_process GO:0051225 spindle assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated chromosomes apart. GOC:ai GOC:expert_rg GOC:mtg_sensu GOC:tb The cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the spindle. biological_process GO:0051231 spindle elongation The cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the spindle. GOC:ai The lengthening of the distance between poles of the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle. spindle elongation during meiosis biological_process GO:0051232 meiotic spindle elongation The lengthening of the distance between poles of the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle. GOC:ai Any process that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation. establishment of localisation biological_process GO:0051234 establishment of localization Any process that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation. GOC:ai GOC:dos establishment of localisation GOC:mah Any process in which a cell, substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere. maintenance of localization retention sequestering storage biological_process GO:0051235 maintenance of location Any process in which a cell, substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere. GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:tb The directed movement of RNA to a specific location. RNA positioning RNA recruitment establishment of RNA localisation biological_process GO:0051236 establishment of RNA localization The directed movement of RNA to a specific location. GOC:ai establishment of RNA localisation GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multicellular organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of a multicellular organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. biological_process GO:0051239 regulation of multicellular organismal process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multicellular organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of a multicellular organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, any of the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. up regulation of multicellular organismal process up-regulation of multicellular organismal process upregulation of multicellular organismal process activation of multicellular organismal process stimulation of multicellular organismal process biological_process GO:0051240 positive regulation of multicellular organismal process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, any of the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. down regulation of multicellular organismal process down-regulation of multicellular organismal process downregulation of multicellular organismal process inhibition of multicellular organismal process biological_process GO:0051241 negative regulation of multicellular organismal process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of the cellular defense response. down regulation of cellular defense response down-regulation of cellular defense response downregulation of cellular defense response negative regulation of cellular defence response inhibition of cellular defense response biological_process GO:0051245 negative regulation of cellular defense response Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of the cellular defense response. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. regulation of protein metabolism biological_process GO:0051246 regulation of protein metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. positive regulation of protein metabolism up regulation of protein metabolic process up-regulation of protein metabolic process upregulation of protein metabolic process activation of protein metabolic process stimulation of protein metabolic process biological_process GO:0051247 positive regulation of protein metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. down regulation of protein metabolic process down-regulation of protein metabolic process downregulation of protein metabolic process negative regulation of protein metabolism inhibition of protein metabolic process biological_process GO:0051248 negative regulation of protein metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA. regulation of RNA metabolism biological_process GO:0051252 regulation of RNA metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA. down regulation of RNA metabolic process down-regulation of RNA metabolic process downregulation of RNA metabolic process negative regulation of RNA metabolism inhibition of RNA metabolic process biological_process GO:0051253 negative regulation of RNA metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA. positive regulation of RNA metabolism up regulation of RNA metabolic process up-regulation of RNA metabolic process upregulation of RNA metabolic process activation of RNA metabolic process stimulation of RNA metabolic process biological_process GO:0051254 positive regulation of RNA metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA. GOC:ai The process of creating protein polymers, compounds composed of a large number of component monomers; polymeric proteins may be made up of different or identical monomers. Polymerization occurs by the addition of extra monomers to an existing poly- or oligomeric protein. protein polymer biosynthesis protein polymer biosynthetic process protein polymer formation biological_process GO:0051258 protein polymerization The process of creating protein polymers, compounds composed of a large number of component monomers; polymeric proteins may be made up of different or identical monomers. Polymerization occurs by the addition of extra monomers to an existing poly- or oligomeric protein. GOC:ai The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of component monomers; protein oligomers may be composed of different or identical monomers. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer. rfoulger 2011-04-05T09:57:49Z GO:0035786 protein oligomer biosynthesis protein oligomer biosynthetic process protein oligomer assembly protein oligomer formation protein oligomerization biological_process protein multimerization GO:0051259 protein complex oligomerization The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of component monomers; protein oligomers may be composed of different or identical monomers. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer. GOC:ai PMID:18293929 protein multimerization GOC:bf The process in which protein polymers, compounds composed of a large number of component monomers, are broken down. Depolymerization occurs by the successive removal of monomers from an existing poly- or oligomeric protein. protein polymer breakdown protein polymer catabolic process protein polymer catabolism protein polymer degradation biological_process GO:0051261 protein depolymerization The process in which protein polymers, compounds composed of a large number of component monomers, are broken down. Depolymerization occurs by the successive removal of monomers from an existing poly- or oligomeric protein. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a cellular component. regulation of cellular component motion biological_process regulation of cell movement GO:0051270 regulation of cellular component movement Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a cellular component. GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:jl regulation of cellular component motion GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a cellular component. negative regulation of cellular component motion biological_process GO:0051271 negative regulation of cellular component movement Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a cellular component. GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:jl negative regulation of cellular component motion GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a cellular component. positive regulation of cellular component motion biological_process GO:0051272 positive regulation of cellular component movement Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a cellular component. GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:jl positive regulation of cellular component motion GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of chromosomes, structures composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins that carries hereditary information. This term covers covalent modifications at the molecular level as well as spatial relationships among the major components of a chromosome. GO:0007001 GO:0051277 MIPS_funcat:42.10.03 chromosome organisation biological_process chromosome organization and biogenesis maintenance of genome integrity nuclear genome maintenance GO:0051276 chromosome organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of chromosomes, structures composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins that carries hereditary information. This term covers covalent modifications at the molecular level as well as spatial relationships among the major components of a chromosome. GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mah chromosome organization and biogenesis GOC:mah The directed movement of the spindle to a specific location in the cell. establishment of spindle localisation spindle positioning biological_process GO:0051293 establishment of spindle localization The directed movement of the spindle to a specific location in the cell. GOC:ai establishment of spindle localisation GOC:mah Any process that set the alignment of spindle relative to other cellular structures. orienting of spindle spindle orientation biological_process GO:0051294 establishment of spindle orientation Any process that set the alignment of spindle relative to other cellular structures. GOC:ai The cell cycle process in which the directed movement of the meiotic spindle to a specific location in the cell occurs. establishment of meiotic spindle localisation meiotic spindle positioning spindle positioning involved in meiotic cell cycle biological_process spindle positioning during meiosis GO:0051295 establishment of meiotic spindle localization The cell cycle process in which the directed movement of the meiotic spindle to a specific location in the cell occurs. GOC:ai establishment of meiotic spindle localisation GOC:mah spindle positioning involved in meiotic cell cycle GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that set the alignment of meiotic spindle relative to other cellular structures. establishment of spindle orientation involved in meiotic cell cycle meiotic spindle orientation orienting of meiotic spindle biological_process establishment of spindle orientation during meiosis GO:0051296 establishment of meiotic spindle orientation Any process that set the alignment of meiotic spindle relative to other cellular structures. GOC:ai establishment of spindle orientation involved in meiotic cell cycle GOC:dph GOC:tb The process resulting in division and partitioning of components of a cell to form more cells; may or may not be accompanied by the physical separation of a cell into distinct, individually membrane-bounded daughter cells. Wikipedia:Cell_division biological_process GO:0051301 Note that this term differs from 'cytokinesis ; GO:0000910' in that cytokinesis does not include nuclear division. cell division The process resulting in division and partitioning of components of a cell to form more cells; may or may not be accompanied by the physical separation of a cell into distinct, individually membrane-bounded daughter cells. GOC:di GOC:go_curators GOC:pr Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells. biological_process GO:0051302 regulation of cell division Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells. GOC:go_curators The directed movement of a chromosome to a specific location. chromosome positioning establishment of chromosome localisation biological_process GO:0051303 establishment of chromosome localization The directed movement of a chromosome to a specific location. GOC:ai establishment of chromosome localisation GOC:mah The cell cycle process in which paired chromosomes are detached from each other. Chromosome separation begins with the release of cohesin complexes from chromosomes; in budding yeast, this includes the cleavage of cohesin complexes along the chromosome arms, followed by the separation of the centromeric regions. Chromosome separation also includes formation of chromatid axes mediated by condensins, and ends with the disentangling of inter-sister catenation catalyzed by topoisomerase II (topo II). GO:0034500 rDNA separation biological_process chromatid release GO:0051304 chromosome separation The cell cycle process in which paired chromosomes are detached from each other. Chromosome separation begins with the release of cohesin complexes from chromosomes; in budding yeast, this includes the cleavage of cohesin complexes along the chromosome arms, followed by the separation of the centromeric regions. Chromosome separation also includes formation of chromatid axes mediated by condensins, and ends with the disentangling of inter-sister catenation catalyzed by topoisomerase II (topo II). GOC:ai GOC:lb GOC:mah GOC:mtg_cell_cycle PMID:20352243 chromatid release GOC:lb GOC:mah PMID:20352243 The process in which sister chromatids are physically detached from each other during mitosis. mitotic sister chromatid resolution sister chromatid separation during mitosis biological_process chromosome separation during mitosis mitotic chromosome separation GO:0051306 mitotic sister chromatid separation The process in which sister chromatids are physically detached from each other during mitosis. GOC:ai mitotic sister chromatid resolution GOC:mah The process in which chromosomes are physically detached from each other during meiosis. chromosome separation during meiosis meiotic chromosome resolution biological_process GO:0051307 meiotic chromosome separation The process in which chromosomes are physically detached from each other during meiosis. GOC:ai meiotic chromosome resolution GOC:mah The process in which paired chromosomes are physically detached from each other during male meiosis. chromosome separation during male meiosis male meiosis chromosome resolution biological_process GO:0051308 male meiosis chromosome separation The process in which paired chromosomes are physically detached from each other during male meiosis. GOC:ai male meiosis chromosome resolution GOC:mah The process in which paired chromosomes are physically detached from each other during female meiosis. chromosome separation during female meiosis female meiosis chromosome resolution biological_process GO:0051309 female meiosis chromosome separation The process in which paired chromosomes are physically detached from each other during female meiosis. GOC:ai female meiosis chromosome resolution GOC:mah The alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate (spindle equator), a plane halfway between the poles of the spindle. chromosome congression biological_process GO:0051310 metaphase plate congression The alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate (spindle equator), a plane halfway between the poles of the spindle. GOC:ai chromosome congression GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb The cell cycle process in which chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the meiotic spindle, during meiosis. metaphase plate congression during meiosis biological_process GO:0051311 meiotic metaphase plate congression The cell cycle process in which chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the meiotic spindle, during meiosis. GOC:ai The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation (usually by mitosis or meiosis) and the beginning of DNA synthesis. Wikipedia:G1_phase biological_process GO:0051318 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). G1 phase The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation (usually by mitosis or meiosis) and the beginning of DNA synthesis. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle Progression through the phases of the meiotic cell cycle, in which canonically a cell replicates to produce four offspring with half the chromosomal content of the progenitor cell via two nuclear divisions. GO:0007126 Wikipedia:Meiosis biological_process meiosis GO:0051321 meiotic cell cycle Progression through the phases of the meiotic cell cycle, in which canonically a cell replicates to produce four offspring with half the chromosomal content of the progenitor cell via two nuclear divisions. GOC:ai The cell cycle phase following cytokinesis which begins with G1 phase, proceeds through S phase and G2 phase and ends when prophase of meiosis or mitosis begins. During interphase the cell readies itself for meiosis or mitosis and the replication of its DNA occurs. resting phase Wikipedia:Interphase karyostasis biological_process GO:0051325 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). interphase The cell cycle phase following cytokinesis which begins with G1 phase, proceeds through S phase and G2 phase and ends when prophase of meiosis or mitosis begins. During interphase the cell readies itself for meiosis or mitosis and the replication of its DNA occurs. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase during M phase of mitosis and meiosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts. Wikipedia:Telophase biological_process GO:0051326 note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. if you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic s-phase). to capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). telophase The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase during M phase of mitosis and meiosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle A cell cycle phase during which nuclear division occurs, and which is comprises the phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase and occurs as part of a meiotic cell cycle. M phase of meiotic cell cycle biological_process GO:0051327 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). meiotic M phase A cell cycle phase during which nuclear division occurs, and which is comprises the phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase and occurs as part of a meiotic cell cycle. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The cell cycle phase which begins after cytokinesis and ends when meiotic prophase begins. Meiotic cells have an interphase after each meiotic division, but only interphase I involves replication of the cell's DNA. interphase of meiotic cell cycle biological_process GO:0051328 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). meiotic interphase The cell cycle phase which begins after cytokinesis and ends when meiotic prophase begins. Meiotic cells have an interphase after each meiotic division, but only interphase I involves replication of the cell's DNA. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The cell cycle phase following cytokinesis which begins with G1 phase, proceeds through S phase and G2 phase and ends when mitotic prophase begins. During interphase the cell readies itself for mitosis and the replication of its DNA occurs. interphase of mitotic cell cycle biological_process GO:0051329 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). mitotic interphase The cell cycle phase following cytokinesis which begins with G1 phase, proceeds through S phase and G2 phase and ends when mitotic prophase begins. During interphase the cell readies itself for mitosis and the replication of its DNA occurs. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The cell cycle process in which the reformation of the nuclear envelope during meiosis occurs. biological_process GO:0051333 meiotic nuclear envelope reassembly The cell cycle process in which the reformation of the nuclear envelope during meiosis occurs. GOC:ai The reformation of the nuclear envelope during meiosis I. biological_process GO:0051334 meiosis I nuclear envelope reassembly The reformation of the nuclear envelope during meiosis I. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3. hydrolase regulator biological_process GO:0051336 regulation of hydrolase activity Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3. EC:3.-.-.- GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2. transferase regulator biological_process GO:0051338 This term is useful for grouping, but is too general for manual annotation. Please use a child term instead. regulation of transferase activity Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2. EC:2.-.-.- GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds. hydrolase activator up regulation of hydrolase activity up-regulation of hydrolase activity upregulation of hydrolase activity activation of hydrolase activity stimulation of hydrolase activity biological_process GO:0051345 positive regulation of hydrolase activity Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds. GOC:ai Any process that stops or reduces the rate of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds. down regulation of hydrolase activity down-regulation of hydrolase activity downregulation of hydrolase activity hydrolase inhibitor inhibition of hydrolase activity biological_process GO:0051346 negative regulation of hydrolase activity Any process that stops or reduces the rate of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from a donor compound to an acceptor. transferase activator up regulation of transferase activity up-regulation of transferase activity upregulation of transferase activity activation of transferase activity stimulation of transferase activity biological_process GO:0051347 This term is useful for grouping, but is too general for manual annotation. Please use a child term instead. positive regulation of transferase activity Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from a donor compound to an acceptor. GOC:ai Any process that stops or reduces the rate of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from a donor compound to an acceptor. down regulation of transferase activity down-regulation of transferase activity downregulation of transferase activity transferase inhibitor inhibition of transferase activity biological_process GO:0051348 This term is useful for grouping, but is too general for manual annotation. Please use a child term instead. negative regulation of transferase activity Any process that stops or reduces the rate of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from a donor compound to an acceptor. GOC:ai Any apoptotic process in a neuron, the basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. apoptosis of neuronal cells apoptosis of neurons neuron programmed cell death by apoptosis neuronal cell apoptosis neuronal cell programmed cell death by apoptosis programmed cell death of neuronal cells by apoptosis programmed cell death of neurons by apoptosis programmed cell death, neuronal cells programmed cell death, neurons neuron apoptosis biological_process GO:0051402 neuron apoptotic process Any apoptotic process in a neuron, the basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. CL:0000540 GOC:mtg_apoptosis MeSH:A.08.663 Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle. meiotic cell cycle modulation meiotic cell cycle regulation modulation of meiotic cell cycle progression regulation of meiotic cell cycle progression regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle biological_process meiotic cell cycle regulator GO:0051445 regulation of meiotic cell cycle Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle. GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:tb regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle. positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle progression positive regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle up regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle up-regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle upregulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle activation of progression through meiotic cell cycle stimulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle biological_process GO:0051446 positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle. GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:tb positive regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle. down regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle down-regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle downregulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle negative regulation of meiotic cell cycle progression negative regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle inhibition of progression through meiotic cell cycle biological_process GO:0051447 negative regulation of meiotic cell cycle Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle. GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:tb negative regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that reduces the internal pH of a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion. cell pH reduction cellular acidification reduction of cellular pH reduction of pH in cell biological_process intracellular acidification GO:0051452 intracellular pH reduction Any process that reduces the internal pH of a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the internal pH of a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion. cell pH regulation cellular pH regulation pH regulation in cell regulation of cell pH biological_process GO:0051453 regulation of intracellular pH Any process that modulates the internal pH of a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion. GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that increases the internal pH of a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion. cell pH elevation cellular alkalinization elevation of cellular pH intracellular alkalinization pH elevation in cell biological_process GO:0051454 intracellular pH elevation Any process that increases the internal pH of a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion. GOC:ai Any process in which a protein is maintained in the nucleus and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration within the nucleus, protein stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that escape the nucleus. maintenance of nuclear protein localization maintenance of protein location in cell nucleus nuclear protein retention nuclear protein sequestering nuclear protein sequestration protein retention in nucleus protein sequestration in nucleus protein storage in nucleus protein-nuclear retention sequestration of protein in nucleus storage of protein in nucleus biological_process maintenance of protein localization in nucleus GO:0051457 maintenance of protein location in nucleus Any process in which a protein is maintained in the nucleus and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration within the nucleus, protein stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that escape the nucleus. GOC:ai maintenance of protein localization in nucleus GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. regulation of cytoskeleton organisation biological_process regulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis GO:0051493 regulation of cytoskeleton organization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. GOC:ai regulation of cytoskeleton organisation GOC:mah regulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. down regulation of cytoskeleton organization down-regulation of cytoskeleton organization downregulation of cytoskeleton organization negative regulation of cytoskeleton organisation inhibition of cytoskeleton organization biological_process negative regulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis GO:0051494 negative regulation of cytoskeleton organization Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. GOC:ai negative regulation of cytoskeleton organisation GOC:mah negative regulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. positive regulation of cytoskeleton organisation up regulation of cytoskeleton organization up-regulation of cytoskeleton organization upregulation of cytoskeleton organization activation of cytoskeleton organization stimulation of cytoskeleton organization biological_process positive regulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis GO:0051495 positive regulation of cytoskeleton organization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. GOC:ai positive regulation of cytoskeleton organisation GOC:mah positive regulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. biological_process GO:0051588 regulation of neurotransmitter transport Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. down regulation of neurotransmitter transport down-regulation of neurotransmitter transport downregulation of neurotransmitter transport inhibition of neurotransmitter transport biological_process GO:0051589 negative regulation of neurotransmitter transport Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. up regulation of neurotransmitter transport up-regulation of neurotransmitter transport upregulation of neurotransmitter transport activation of neurotransmitter transport stimulation of neurotransmitter transport biological_process GO:0051590 positive regulation of neurotransmitter transport Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai Any process in which an organelle is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. establishment and maintenance of organelle localization organelle localisation biological_process GO:0051640 organelle localization Any process in which an organelle is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. GOC:ai organelle localisation GOC:mah A cellular localization process whereby a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within a cell including the localization of substances or cellular entities to the cell membrane. jl 2013-12-18T14:04:32Z GO:1902580 cellular localisation establishment and maintenance of cellular localization establishment and maintenance of localization in cell or cell membrane single organism cellular localization intracellular localization localization within cell biological_process single-organism cellular localization GO:0051641 cellular localization A cellular localization process whereby a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within a cell including the localization of substances or cellular entities to the cell membrane. GOC:tb GOC:vw cellular localisation GOC:mah single organism cellular localization GOC:TermGenie Any process in which the nucleus is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. cell nucleus localization establishment and maintenance of nucleus localization localization of nucleus nucleus localisation biological_process GO:0051647 nucleus localization Any process in which the nucleus is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. GOC:ai nucleus localisation GOC:mah Any process in which a vesicle or vesicles are transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. cytoplasmic vesicle localization establishment and maintenance of vesicle localization vesicle localisation biological_process GO:0051648 vesicle localization Any process in which a vesicle or vesicles are transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. GOC:ai vesicle localisation GOC:mah Any process, occuring in a cell, that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation. establishment of localisation in cell establishment of intracellular localization establishment of localization within cell positioning within cell biological_process establishment of cellular localization GO:0051649 establishment of localization in cell Any process, occuring in a cell, that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation. GOC:ai GOC:dos GOC:dph GOC:tb establishment of localisation in cell GOC:mah establishment of cellular localization GOC:dph GOC:tb The directed movement of a vesicle to a specific location. establishment of vesicle localisation biological_process GO:0051650 establishment of vesicle localization The directed movement of a vesicle to a specific location. GOC:ai establishment of vesicle localisation GOC:mah Any process in which a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is maintained in a specific location within, or in the membrane of, a cell, and is prevented from moving elsewhere. cellular retention cellular sequestering cellular storage intracellular retention intracellular sequestering intracellular storage maintenance of intracellular localization maintenance of localization within cell retention within cell sequestering within cell storage within cell biological_process maintenance of cellular localization maintenance of localization in cell GO:0051651 maintenance of location in cell Any process in which a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is maintained in a specific location within, or in the membrane of, a cell, and is prevented from moving elsewhere. GOC:ai maintenance of cellular localization GOC:dph GOC:tb maintenance of localization in cell GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process in which is the spindle is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. establishment and maintenance of spindle localization spindle localisation biological_process GO:0051653 spindle localization Any process in which is the spindle is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. GOC:ai spindle localisation GOC:mah The directed movement of an organelle to a specific location. establishment of organelle localisation biological_process GO:0051656 establishment of organelle localization The directed movement of an organelle to a specific location. GOC:ai establishment of organelle localisation GOC:mah Any process in which a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within a membrane. establishment and maintenance of localization in membrane establishment and maintenance of position in membrane localisation within membrane localization to membrane positioning within membrane biological_process GO:0051668 localization within membrane Any process in which a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within a membrane. GOC:ai localisation within membrane GOC:mah The disruption of the membranes of another organism, leading to damage to its cells and possibly death of that organism. membrane disruption in another organism cytolysis, by membrane disruption, in other organism biological_process GO:0051673 membrane disruption in other organism The disruption of the membranes of another organism, leading to damage to its cells and possibly death of that organism. GOC:ai membrane disruption in another organism GOC:bf Any process in which a cell is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. cell localization establishment and maintenance of cell localization establishment and maintenance of localization of cell localisation of cell biological_process GO:0051674 localization of cell Any process in which a cell is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. GOC:ai localisation of cell GOC:mah Any process in which an organism has an effect on an organism of the same species. intraspecies interaction with other organisms biological_process GO:0051703 intraspecies interaction between organisms Any process in which an organism has an effect on an organism of the same species. GOC:ai A biological process which involves another organism of the same or different species. GO:0051706 interaction between organisms physiological interaction between organisms physiological interaction with other organism biological_process GO:0051704 multi-organism process A biological process which involves another organism of the same or different species. GOC:jl Any process in which an organism has a behavioral effect on another organism of the same or different species. GO:0023032 GO:0044709 behavioral interaction between organisms behavioral interaction with other organism behavioural interaction between organisms behavioural interaction with other organism behavioral signaling behavioral signalling biological_process GO:0051705 multi-organism behavior Any process in which an organism has a behavioral effect on another organism of the same or different species. GOC:ai behavioral signalling GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from another living organism. GO:0009613 GO:0042828 biological_process GO:0051707 response to other organism Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from another living organism. GOC:ai Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell. biological_process GO:0051716 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. cellular response to stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell. GOC:bf GOC:jl Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. GO:0000074 cell cycle modulation cell cycle regulation control of cell cycle progression modulation of cell cycle progression regulation of cell cycle progression regulation of progression through cell cycle biological_process cell cycle regulator tumor suppressor GO:0051726 regulation of cell cycle Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell division. up regulation of cell division up-regulation of cell division upregulation of cell division activation of cell division stimulation of cell division biological_process GO:0051781 positive regulation of cell division Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell division. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell division. down regulation of cell division down-regulation of cell division downregulation of cell division inhibition of cell division biological_process GO:0051782 negative regulation of cell division Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell division. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear division, the partitioning of the nucleus and its genetic information. biological_process GO:0051783 regulation of nuclear division Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear division, the partitioning of the nucleus and its genetic information. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear division, the partitioning of the nucleus and its genetic information. down regulation of nuclear division down-regulation of nuclear division downregulation of nuclear division inhibition of nuclear division biological_process GO:0051784 negative regulation of nuclear division Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear division, the partitioning of the nucleus and its genetic information. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear division, the partitioning of the nucleus and its genetic information. up regulation of nuclear division up-regulation of nuclear division upregulation of nuclear division activation of nuclear division stimulation of nuclear division biological_process GO:0051785 positive regulation of nuclear division Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear division, the partitioning of the nucleus and its genetic information. GOC:ai The vesicular release of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of GABA receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse. synaptic transmission, GABA mediated synaptic transmission, gamma-aminobutyric acid mediated synaptic transmission, gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic biological_process GO:0051932 synaptic transmission, GABAergic The vesicular release of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of GABA receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse. GOC:dos ISBN:0126603030 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue. biological_process GO:0051960 regulation of nervous system development Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue. down regulation of nervous system development down-regulation of nervous system development downregulation of nervous system development inhibition of nervous system development biological_process GO:0051961 negative regulation of nervous system development Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue. GOC:ai Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue. up regulation of nervous system development up-regulation of nervous system development upregulation of nervous system development activation of nervous system development stimulation of nervous system development biological_process GO:0051962 positive regulation of nervous system development Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse. regulation of synapse biogenesis regulation of synaptogenesis biological_process GO:0051963 regulation of synapse assembly Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse. GOC:ai GOC:pr Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse. down regulation of synapse assembly down-regulation of synapse assembly downregulation of synapse assembly negative regulation of synapse biogenesis negative regulation of synaptogenesis inhibition of synapse assembly biological_process GO:0051964 negative regulation of synapse assembly Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse. GOC:ai GOC:pr Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse. positive regulation of synapse biogenesis positive regulation of synaptogenesis up regulation of synapse assembly up-regulation of synapse assembly upregulation of synapse assembly activation of synapse assembly stimulation of synapse assembly biological_process GO:0051965 positive regulation of synapse assembly Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse. GOC:ai GOC:pr Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation. regulation of conduction of nerve impulse biological_process GO:0051969 regulation of transmission of nerve impulse Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation. GOC:ai regulation of conduction of nerve impulse GOC:dph Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation. down regulation of transmission of nerve impulse down-regulation of transmission of nerve impulse downregulation of transmission of nerve impulse negative regulation of conduction of nerve impulse inhibition of transmission of nerve impulse biological_process GO:0051970 negative regulation of transmission of nerve impulse Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation. GOC:ai negative regulation of conduction of nerve impulse GOC:dph Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation. positive regulation of conduction of nerve impulse up regulation of transmission of nerve impulse up-regulation of transmission of nerve impulse upregulation of transmission of nerve impulse activation of transmission of nerve impulse stimulation of transmission of nerve impulse biological_process GO:0051971 positive regulation of transmission of nerve impulse Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation. GOC:ai positive regulation of conduction of nerve impulse GOC:dph Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. biological_process GO:0051983 regulation of chromosome segregation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. up regulation of chromosome segregation up-regulation of chromosome segregation upregulation of chromosome segregation activation of chromosome segregation stimulation of chromosome segregation biological_process GO:0051984 positive regulation of chromosome segregation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. down regulation of chromosome segregation down-regulation of chromosome segregation downregulation of chromosome segregation inhibition of chromosome segregation biological_process GO:0051985 negative regulation of chromosome segregation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. GOC:ai Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a carboxylic ester bond. GO:0004091 GO:0004302 GO:0004759 GO:0016789 EC:3.1.1 EC:3.1.1.1 KEGG_REACTION:R00630 MetaCyc:CARBOXYLESTERASE-RXN Reactome:R-HSA-5693691 Reactome:R-HSA-8937442 Reactome:R-HSA-9619024 UM-BBD_reactionID:r1025 carboxyesterase activity carboxyl ester hydrolase activity carboxylate esterase activity carboxylesterase activity carboxylic acid esterase activity carboxylic esterase activity ali-esterase activity alpha-carboxylesterase activity cocaine esterase activity esterase A esterase B procaine esterase activity serine esterase activity triacetin esterase vitamin A esterase molecular_function B-esterase activity carboxylic ester hydrolase activity nonspecific carboxylesterase activity GO:0052689 carboxylic ester hydrolase activity Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a carboxylic ester bond. EC:3.1.1 EC:3.1.1.1 GOC:curators Reactome:R-HSA-5693691 CES1 trimer.CES2 hydrolyse COCN to BEG Reactome:R-HSA-8937442 CES3 hydrolyses CHEST to CHOL and LCFA(-) Reactome:R-HSA-9619024 CES1trimer hydrolyses ACEI pro-drugs to ACEIs carboxyesterase activity EC:3.1.1.1 carboxyl ester hydrolase activity EC:3.1.1.1 carboxylate esterase activity EC:3.1.1.1 carboxylic esterase activity EC:3.1.1.1 ali-esterase activity EC:3.1.1.1 alpha-carboxylesterase activity EC:3.1.1.1 cocaine esterase activity EC:3.1.1.1 esterase A EC:3.1.1.1 esterase B EC:3.1.1.1 procaine esterase activity EC:3.1.1.1 triacetin esterase EC:3.1.1.1 vitamin A esterase EC:3.1.1.1 B-esterase activity EC:3.1.1.1 nonspecific carboxylesterase activity EC:3.1.1.1 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Muscle cell development does not include the steps involved in committing an unspecified cell to the muscle cell fate. biological_process GO:0055001 muscle cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Muscle cell development does not include the steps involved in committing an unspecified cell to the muscle cell fate. CL:0000187 GOC:devbiol An organelle consisting of a network of tubules that functions in targeting molecules, such as receptors transporters and lipids, to the plasma membrane. endosomal recycling compartment cellular_component ERC endosome recycling compartment GO:0055037 recycling endosome An organelle consisting of a network of tubules that functions in targeting molecules, such as receptors transporters and lipids, to the plasma membrane. GOC:dph GOC:jid GOC:kmv GOC:rph PMID:10930469 PMID:15601896 PMID:16246101 PMID:21556374 PMID:21562044 endosomal recycling compartment PMID:20820847 ERC GOC:dph PMID:1237064 endosome recycling compartment GOC:dph PMID:12370264 Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of monovalent inorganic cations within an organism or cell. biological_process GO:0055067 monovalent inorganic cation homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of monovalent inorganic cations within an organism or cell. GOC:ai GOC:jid GOC:mah Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cations within an organism or cell. biological_process GO:0055080 cation homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cations within an organism or cell. GOC:ceb GOC:jid GOC:mah Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of a chemical at the level of the cell. biological_process GO:0055082 cellular chemical homeostasis Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of a chemical at the level of the cell. GOC:isa_complete GOC:jid The dormancy process that results in entry into diapause. Diapause is a neurohormonally mediated, dynamic state of low metabolic activity. Associated characteristics of this form of dormancy include reduced morphogenesis, increased resistance to environmental extremes, and altered or reduced behavioral activity. Full expression develops in a species-specific manner, usually in response to a number of environmental stimuli that precede unfavorable conditions. Once diapause has begun, metabolic activity is suppressed even if conditions favorable for development prevail. Once initiated, only certain stimuli are capable of releasing the organism from this state, and this characteristic is essential in distinguishing diapause from hibernation. Wikipedia:Diapause biological_process GO:0055115 entry into diapause The dormancy process that results in entry into diapause. Diapause is a neurohormonally mediated, dynamic state of low metabolic activity. Associated characteristics of this form of dormancy include reduced morphogenesis, increased resistance to environmental extremes, and altered or reduced behavioral activity. Full expression develops in a species-specific manner, usually in response to a number of environmental stimuli that precede unfavorable conditions. Once diapause has begun, metabolic activity is suppressed even if conditions favorable for development prevail. Once initiated, only certain stimuli are capable of releasing the organism from this state, and this characteristic is essential in distinguishing diapause from hibernation. GOC:ds GOC:jid GOC:mah The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive system is the entire structure in which digestion takes place. Digestion is all of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by multicellular organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. biological_process GO:0055123 digestive system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive system is the entire structure in which digestion takes place. Digestion is all of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by multicellular organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. GOC:jid A compound molecular function in which an effector function is controlled by one or more regulatory components. molecular_function GO:0060089 molecular transducer activity A compound molecular function in which an effector function is controlled by one or more regulatory components. GOC:dos GOC:pdt The binding activity of a molecule that brings together two or more molecules through a selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric interaction, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. GO:0032947 binding, bridging molecular_function protein complex scaffold activity protein-containing complex scaffold activity GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity The binding activity of a molecule that brings together two or more molecules through a selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric interaction, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. GOC:mtg_MIT_16mar07 GOC:vw The assembly, arrangement, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures that is involved in the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis. biological_process GO:0060097 cytoskeletal rearrangement involved in phagocytosis, engulfment The assembly, arrangement, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures that is involved in the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis. GOC:dph Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis. biological_process GO:0060099 regulation of phagocytosis, engulfment Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis. GOC:dph Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis. biological_process GO:0060100 positive regulation of phagocytosis, engulfment Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis. GOC:dph Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis. biological_process GO:0060101 negative regulation of phagocytosis, engulfment Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis. GOC:dph A collagen and cuticulin-based noncellular, multilayered structure that is synthesized by an underlying ectodermal (hypodermal) cell layer. The cuticle serves essential functions in body morphology, locomotion, and environmental protection. An example of this component is found in Caenorhabditis elegans. cellular_component collagen and cuticulin-based exoskeleton extracellular matrix GO:0060102 collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix A collagen and cuticulin-based noncellular, multilayered structure that is synthesized by an underlying ectodermal (hypodermal) cell layer. The cuticle serves essential functions in body morphology, locomotion, and environmental protection. An example of this component is found in Caenorhabditis elegans. GOC:dph GOC:kmv ISSN:15518507 OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix, a collagen and cuticulin-based noncellular, multilayered structure that is synthesized by an underlying ectodermal (hypodermal) cell layer. GO:0060102 cellular_component GO:0060103 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix, a collagen and cuticulin-based noncellular, multilayered structure that is synthesized by an underlying ectodermal (hypodermal) cell layer. GOC:dph The cuticle layer that lies directly beneath the lipid-containing epicuticle. The cortical layer contains collagens and insoluble, non-collagenous cuticulins and is characterized by a distinct annular pattern consisting of regularly spaced annular ridges delineated by annular furrows. An example of this component is found in Caenorhabditis elegans. cellular_component GO:0060106 cortical layer of collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix The cuticle layer that lies directly beneath the lipid-containing epicuticle. The cortical layer contains collagens and insoluble, non-collagenous cuticulins and is characterized by a distinct annular pattern consisting of regularly spaced annular ridges delineated by annular furrows. An example of this component is found in Caenorhabditis elegans. GOC:dph GOC:kmv ISSN:15518507 The extracellular matrix that is a regularly spaced circumferential ridge present in the cortical region of the cuticle. Annuli are delineated by annular furrows and are present throughout the cuticle with the exception of lateral regions where longitudinal alae are present. cellular_component annulae annular rings annule(s) annulus GO:0060107 annuli extracellular matrix The extracellular matrix that is a regularly spaced circumferential ridge present in the cortical region of the cuticle. Annuli are delineated by annular furrows and are present throughout the cuticle with the exception of lateral regions where longitudinal alae are present. GOC:dph GOC:kmv ISSN:15518507 The fluid-filled cuticle layer that lies between the cortical and basal layers and is characterized by the presence of regularly spaced columnar struts that lie on either side of the annular furrows and link the two surrounding layers. In C. elegans, a defined medial layer is found only in adult animals. cellular_component medial layer struts GO:0060109 medial layer of collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix The fluid-filled cuticle layer that lies between the cortical and basal layers and is characterized by the presence of regularly spaced columnar struts that lie on either side of the annular furrows and link the two surrounding layers. In C. elegans, a defined medial layer is found only in adult animals. GOC:dph GOC:kmv ISSN:15518507 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells. biological_process GO:0060142 regulation of syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells. GOC:dph Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells. biological_process GO:0060143 positive regulation of syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells. GOC:dph Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism. biological_process GO:0060147 regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism. GOC:dph Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism. biological_process GO:0060148 positive regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism. GOC:dph Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism. biological_process GO:0060149 negative regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism. GOC:dph The specific behavior of a male organism that is associated with reproduction. biological_process GO:0060179 male mating behavior The specific behavior of a male organism that is associated with reproduction. GOC:dph GOC:pr GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle during a mitotic cell cycle. regulation of mitotic spindle organisation biological_process regulation of mitotic spindle organization and biogenesis GO:0060236 regulation of mitotic spindle organization Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle during a mitotic cell cycle. GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb regulation of mitotic spindle organisation GOC:mah regulation of mitotic spindle organization and biogenesis GOC:mah A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state within a defined anatomical structure of an organism, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. anatomical structure maintenance biological_process GO:0060249 anatomical structure homeostasis A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state within a defined anatomical structure of an organism, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. GOC:dph anatomical structure maintenance GOC:dph Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. biological_process GO:0060255 regulation of macromolecule metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the behavior associated with the intake of food. regulation of feeding behaviour biological_process GO:0060259 regulation of feeding behavior Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the behavior associated with the intake of food. GOC:BHF GOC:dph GOC:tb regulation of feeding behaviour GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ovulation, the release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary. biological_process GO:0060278 regulation of ovulation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ovulation, the release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary. GOC:dph GOC:kmv GOC:tb Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ovulation, the release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary. biological_process GO:0060279 positive regulation of ovulation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ovulation, the release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary. GOC:dph GOC:kmv GOC:tb Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ovulation, the release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary. biological_process GO:0060280 negative regulation of ovulation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ovulation, the release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary. GOC:dph GOC:kmv GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. biological_process GO:0060281 regulation of oocyte development Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. GOC:dph GOC:tb PMID:2394318 Any process that increases the rate or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. biological_process GO:0060282 positive regulation of oocyte development Any process that increases the rate or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the rate or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. biological_process GO:0060283 negative regulation of oocyte development Any process that decreases the rate or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. biological_process GO:0060284 regulation of cell development Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. GOC:dph GOC:tb Differentiated cytoplasm associated with a pole of an oocyte, egg or early embryo that will be inherited by the cells that will give rise to the germ line. Wikipedia:Germ_plasm cellular_component GO:0060293 germ plasm Differentiated cytoplasm associated with a pole of an oocyte, egg or early embryo that will be inherited by the cells that will give rise to the germ line. GOC:dph The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a head from an initial condition to its mature state. The head is the anterior-most division of the body. biological_process GO:0060322 head development The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a head from an initial condition to its mature state. The head is the anterior-most division of the body. GOC:dph Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in a specific location within or in the membrane of a cell. regulation of cellular localisation biological_process GO:0060341 regulation of cellular localization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in a specific location within or in the membrane of a cell. GOC:dph GOC:tb regulation of cellular localisation GOC:mah The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of an axonemal microtubule. An axonemal microtubule is a microtubule in the axoneme of a cilium or flagellum; an axoneme contains nine modified doublet microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules. biological_process GO:0060404 axonemal microtubule depolymerization The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of an axonemal microtubule. An axonemal microtubule is a microtubule in the axoneme of a cilium or flagellum; an axoneme contains nine modified doublet microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules. GOC:cilia GOC:dph GOC:krc GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues. biological_process GO:0060408 regulation of acetylcholine metabolic process Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues. biological_process GO:0060409 positive regulation of acetylcholine metabolic process Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues. biological_process GO:0060410 negative regulation of acetylcholine metabolic process Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues. GOC:dph GOC:tb The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. biological_process GO:0060429 epithelium development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. GOC:dph GOC:mtg_lung The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pharynx from an initial condition to its mature state. The pharynx is the part of the digestive system immediately posterior to the mouth. biological_process pharyngeal development GO:0060465 pharynx development The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pharynx from an initial condition to its mature state. The pharynx is the part of the digestive system immediately posterior to the mouth. GOC:dph GOC:rk Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of fertilization. Fertilization is the union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy). biological_process GO:0060467 negative regulation of fertilization Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of fertilization. Fertilization is the union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy). GOC:dph The progression of a skeletal muscle organ over time from its initial formation to its mature state. A skeletal muscle organ includes the skeletal muscle tissue and its associated connective tissue. dph 2009-04-10T08:25:12Z biological_process GO:0060538 skeletal muscle organ development The progression of a skeletal muscle organ over time from its initial formation to its mature state. A skeletal muscle organ includes the skeletal muscle tissue and its associated connective tissue. GOC:dph Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of necrotic cell death. Necrotic cell death is a cell death process that is morphologically characterized by a gain in cell volume (oncosis), swelling of organelles, plasma membrane rupture and subsequent loss of intracellular contents. dph 2009-04-13T01:51:25Z biological_process GO:0060547 negative regulation of necrotic cell death Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of necrotic cell death. Necrotic cell death is a cell death process that is morphologically characterized by a gain in cell volume (oncosis), swelling of organelles, plasma membrane rupture and subsequent loss of intracellular contents. GOC:BHF GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death. dph 2009-04-13T01:56:10Z biological_process GO:0060548 negative regulation of cell death Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death. GOC:BHF GOC:dph GOC:tb The increase in size or mass of an anatomical structure that contributes to the structure attaining its shape. dph 2009-04-28T08:42:53Z differential growth biological_process GO:0060560 developmental growth involved in morphogenesis The increase in size or mass of an anatomical structure that contributes to the structure attaining its shape. GOC:dph differential growth GOC:dph Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of an anatomical structure. dph 2009-04-28T09:17:27Z apoptosis involved in morphogenesis biological_process apoptosis involved in development morphogenetic apoptosis GO:0060561 apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of an anatomical structure. GOC:dph GOC:mtg_apoptosis morphogenetic apoptosis GOC:dph Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of chromosome condensation, the progressive compaction of dispersed interphase chromatin into threadlike chromosomes prior to mitotic or meiotic nuclear division, or during apoptosis, in eukaryotic cells. dph 2009-05-18T02:12:13Z biological_process GO:0060623 regulation of chromosome condensation Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of chromosome condensation, the progressive compaction of dispersed interphase chromatin into threadlike chromosomes prior to mitotic or meiotic nuclear division, or during apoptosis, in eukaryotic cells. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of vesicle-mediated transport, the directed movement of substances, either within a vesicle or in the vesicle membrane, into, out of or within a cell. dph 2009-05-18T02:29:43Z biological_process GO:0060627 regulation of vesicle-mediated transport Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of vesicle-mediated transport, the directed movement of substances, either within a vesicle or in the vesicle membrane, into, out of or within a cell. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of homologous chromosome segregation, the cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the first division of the meiotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner; this pairing off, referred to as synapsis, permits genetic recombination. One homolog (both sister chromatids) of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets. dph 2009-05-18T02:41:02Z biological_process GO:0060629 regulation of homologous chromosome segregation Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of homologous chromosome segregation, the cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the first division of the meiotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner; this pairing off, referred to as synapsis, permits genetic recombination. One homolog (both sister chromatids) of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of meiosis I, a cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through the first phase of meiosis, in which cells divide and homologous chromosomes are paired and segregated from each other, producing two daughter cells. dph 2009-05-18T02:55:19Z biological_process GO:0060631 regulation of meiosis I Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of meiosis I, a cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through the first phase of meiosis, in which cells divide and homologous chromosomes are paired and segregated from each other, producing two daughter cells. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of microtubule-based movement, the movement of organelles, other microtubules and other particles along microtubules, mediated by motor proteins. dph 2009-05-18T03:07:02Z biological_process GO:0060632 regulation of microtubule-based movement Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of microtubule-based movement, the movement of organelles, other microtubules and other particles along microtubules, mediated by motor proteins. GOC:dph GOC:tb Behavior by which an organism locates food. dph 2009-06-22T02:46:25Z biological_process GO:0060756 foraging behavior Behavior by which an organism locates food. GOC:dph GOC:tb The commitment of cells to specific cell fates of the endoderm, ectoderm, or mesoderm as a part of gastrulation. dph 2009-08-04T03:11:22Z biological_process GO:0060795 cell fate commitment involved in formation of primary germ layer The commitment of cells to specific cell fates of the endoderm, ectoderm, or mesoderm as a part of gastrulation. GOC:dph GOC:sdb_2009 GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that results in cells adopting an endoderm, ectoderm or mesoderm cell fate. dph 2009-08-04T03:40:21Z biological_process GO:0060796 regulation of transcription involved in primary germ layer cell fate commitment Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that results in cells adopting an endoderm, ectoderm or mesoderm cell fate. GOC:dph GOC:sdb_2009 GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the commitment of a cell to a specific fate. dph 2009-08-12T11:40:09Z biological_process GO:0060850 regulation of transcription involved in cell fate commitment Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the commitment of a cell to a specific fate. GOC:dph GOC:sdb_2009 GOC:tb Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of meiosis I, a cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through the first phase of meiosis, in which cells divide and homologous chromosomes are paired and segregated from each other, producing two daughter cells. dph 2009-08-14T01:06:57Z biological_process GO:0060903 positive regulation of meiosis I Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of meiosis I, a cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through the first phase of meiosis, in which cells divide and homologous chromosomes are paired and segregated from each other, producing two daughter cells. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that regulates the rate, frequency, or extent of gene silencing by RNA. Gene silencing by RNA is the process in which RNA molecules inactivate expression of target genes. dph 2009-10-05T03:17:02Z biological_process GO:0060966 regulation of gene silencing by RNA Any process that regulates the rate, frequency, or extent of gene silencing by RNA. Gene silencing by RNA is the process in which RNA molecules inactivate expression of target genes. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of gene silencing by RNA. Gene silencing by RNA is the process in which RNA molecules inactivate expression of target genes. dph 2009-10-05T03:21:05Z biological_process GO:0060967 negative regulation of gene silencing by RNA Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of gene silencing by RNA. Gene silencing by RNA is the process in which RNA molecules inactivate expression of target genes. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of gene silencing, the transcriptional or post-transcriptional process carried out at the cellular level that results in long-term gene inactivation. dph 2009-10-05T03:23:56Z biological_process GO:0060968 regulation of gene silencing Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of gene silencing, the transcriptional or post-transcriptional process carried out at the cellular level that results in long-term gene inactivation. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of gene silencing, the transcriptional or post-transcriptional process carried out at the cellular level that results in long-term gene inactivation. dph 2009-10-05T03:26:19Z biological_process GO:0060969 negative regulation of gene silencing Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of gene silencing, the transcriptional or post-transcriptional process carried out at the cellular level that results in long-term gene inactivation. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fungicide stimulus. Fungicides are chemicals used to kill fungi. dph 2010-01-13T08:05:58Z biological_process GO:0060992 response to fungicide Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fungicide stimulus. Fungicides are chemicals used to kill fungi. GOC:dph Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of a mRNA catabolic process, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. dph 2010-01-29T01:48:10Z biological_process regulation of mRNA decay GO:0061013 regulation of mRNA catabolic process Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of a mRNA catabolic process, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb regulation of mRNA decay GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of a mRNA catabolic process, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. dph 2010-01-29T01:58:03Z biological_process positive regulation of mRNA decay GO:0061014 positive regulation of mRNA catabolic process Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of a mRNA catabolic process, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb positive regulation of mRNA decay GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane. A membrane is a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins. janelomax 2010-02-08T02:43:11Z GO:0016044 GO:0044802 cellular membrane organisation cellular membrane organization membrane organisation biological_process membrane organization and biogenesis single-organism membrane organization GO:0061024 membrane organization A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane. A membrane is a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins. GOC:dph GOC:tb membrane organisation GOC:mah membrane organization and biogenesis GOC:mah The membrane organization process that joins two lipid bilayers to form a single membrane. janelomax 2010-02-08T02:48:06Z GO:0006944 GO:0044801 Wikipedia:Lipid_bilayer_fusion cellular membrane fusion biological_process single-organism membrane fusion GO:0061025 membrane fusion The membrane organization process that joins two lipid bilayers to form a single membrane. GOC:dph GOC:tb The progression of a muscle structure over time, from its formation to its mature state. Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms. dph 2010-03-09T08:55:14Z biological_process GO:0061061 muscle structure development The progression of a muscle structure over time, from its formation to its mature state. Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms. GOC:dph Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of nematode larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew. dph 2010-03-11T12:59:21Z biological_process GO:0061062 regulation of nematode larval development Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of nematode larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew. GOC:dph GOC:kmv Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of nematode larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew. dph 2010-03-11T01:03:34Z biological_process GO:0061063 positive regulation of nematode larval development Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of nematode larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew. GOC:dph GOC:kmv Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of nematode larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew. dph 2010-03-11T01:04:39Z biological_process GO:0061064 negative regulation of nematode larval development Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of nematode larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew. GOC:dph GOC:kmv Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of dauer larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dauer larva over time, through the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage, with specialized traits adapted for dispersal and long-term survival, with elevated stress resistance and without feeding. dph 2010-03-11T01:07:07Z biological_process GO:0061065 regulation of dauer larval development Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of dauer larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dauer larva over time, through the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage, with specialized traits adapted for dispersal and long-term survival, with elevated stress resistance and without feeding. GOC:dph GOC:kmv Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of dauer larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dauer larva over time, through the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage, with specialized traits adapted for dispersal and long-term survival, with elevated stress resistance and without feeding. dph 2010-03-11T01:09:11Z biological_process GO:0061066 positive regulation of dauer larval development Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of dauer larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dauer larva over time, through the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage, with specialized traits adapted for dispersal and long-term survival, with elevated stress resistance and without feeding. GOC:dph GOC:kmv Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of dauer larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dauer larva over time, through the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage, with specialized traits adapted for dispersal and long-term survival, with elevated stress resistance and without feeding. dph 2010-03-11T01:10:23Z biological_process GO:0061067 negative regulation of dauer larval development Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of dauer larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dauer larva over time, through the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage, with specialized traits adapted for dispersal and long-term survival, with elevated stress resistance and without feeding. GOC:dph GOC:kmv Any process that modulates the extent of cell growth. dph 2011-07-14T10:15:42Z biological_process GO:0061387 regulation of extent of cell growth Any process that modulates the extent of cell growth. GOC:mah GOC:vw OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter and activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of peroxisome organization. dph 2012-02-02T12:50:36Z positive regulation of peroxisome organisation by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter biological_process GO:0061424 This term was obsoleted because it represents a GO-CAM model. obsolete positive regulation of peroxisome organization by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter true OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter and activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of peroxisome organization. GOC:dph PMID:7500953 positive regulation of peroxisome organisation by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:mah The progression of the reproductive system over time from its formation to the mature structure. The reproductive system consists of the organs that function in reproduction. dph 2012-08-22T17:47:53Z biological_process GO:0061458 reproductive system development The progression of the reproductive system over time from its formation to the mature structure. The reproductive system consists of the organs that function in reproduction. GOC:dph A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a cilium. dph 2013-04-18T14:59:59Z cilium resorption biological_process GO:0061523 Note that we deem cilium and microtubule-based flagellum to be equivalent. cilium disassembly A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a cilium. GOC:cilia GOC:dph PMID:17604723 PMID:27350441 cilium resorption GOC:dph The progression of an axon over time. Covers axonogenesis (de novo generation of an axon) and axon regeneration (regrowth), as well as processes pertaining to the progression of the axon over time (fasciculation and defasciculation). dph 2013-07-18T14:43:01Z biological_process GO:0061564 axon development The progression of an axon over time. Covers axonogenesis (de novo generation of an axon) and axon regeneration (regrowth), as well as processes pertaining to the progression of the axon over time (fasciculation and defasciculation). GOC:dph GOC:pg GOC:pr A cytokinesis that involves the function of a set of proteins that are part of the microfilament or microtubule cytoskeleton. dph 2014-08-22T14:21:35Z biological_process GO:0061640 cytoskeleton-dependent cytokinesis A cytokinesis that involves the function of a set of proteins that are part of the microfilament or microtubule cytoskeleton. GOC:dph The process in which a neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to an attractive chemical signal. dph 2014-08-29T08:21:24Z biological_process GO:0061642 chemoattraction of axon The process in which a neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to an attractive chemical signal. GOC:dph GOC:krc The process in which a neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to a repulsive chemical cue. dph 2014-08-29T08:35:40Z biological_process GO:0061643 chemorepulsion of axon The process in which a neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to a repulsive chemical cue. GOC:dph GOC:krc The disaggregation of a mitochondrion into its constituent components. dph 2015-07-08T13:59:16Z mitochondrion degradation biological_process GO:0061726 mitochondrion disassembly The disaggregation of a mitochondrion into its constituent components. GOC:autophagy PMID:25009776 mitochondrion degradation GOC:autophagy The macroautophagy process in which specific structures are targeted by the autophagy process. dph 2017-07-07T17:27:37Z biological_process GO:0061912 selective autophagy The macroautophagy process in which specific structures are targeted by the autophagy process. PMID:20484971 PMID:21997368 PMID:22966490 A cellular process involving delivery of a portion of the cytoplasm to lysosomes or to the plant or fungal vacuole that does not involve direct transport through the endocytic or vacuolar protein sorting (Vps) pathways. This process typically leads to degradation of the cargo; however, it can also be used to deliver resident proteins, such as in the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway. dph 2017-07-13T19:42:14Z biological_process GO:0061919 process utilizing autophagic mechanism A cellular process involving delivery of a portion of the cytoplasm to lysosomes or to the plant or fungal vacuole that does not involve direct transport through the endocytic or vacuolar protein sorting (Vps) pathways. This process typically leads to degradation of the cargo; however, it can also be used to deliver resident proteins, such as in the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway. PMID:21997368 PMID:22966490 PMID:28596378 A process that contributes to the first meiotic division. The first meiotic division is the reductive division resulting in the separation of homologous chromosome pairs. dph 2018-02-14T22:27:20Z first meiotic cell division biological_process GO:0061982 meiosis I cell cycle process A process that contributes to the first meiotic division. The first meiotic division is the reductive division resulting in the separation of homologous chromosome pairs. PMID:29385397 first meiotic cell division PMID:29385397 Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a small molecule metabolic process. dph 2018-03-19T14:11:54Z regulation of small molecule metabolism biological_process GO:0062012 regulation of small molecule metabolic process Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a small molecule metabolic process. GOC:vw Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a small molecule metabolic process. dph 2018-03-19T14:25:10Z positive regulation of small molecule metabolism biological_process GO:0062013 positive regulation of small molecule metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a small molecule metabolic process. GOC:vw Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a small molecule metabolic process. dph 2018-03-19T14:27:23Z negative regulation of small molecule metabolism biological_process GO:0062014 negative regulation of small molecule metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a small molecule metabolic process. GOC:vw An extracellular matrix consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that provides not only essential physical scaffolding for the cellular constituents but can also initiate crucial biochemical and biomechanical cues required for tissue morphogenesis, differentiation and homeostasis. The components are secreted by cells in the vicinity and form a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells. dph 2018-04-13T12:47:21Z cellular_component GO:0062023 collagen-containing extracellular matrix An extracellular matrix consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that provides not only essential physical scaffolding for the cellular constituents but can also initiate crucial biochemical and biomechanical cues required for tissue morphogenesis, differentiation and homeostasis. The components are secreted by cells in the vicinity and form a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells. GOC:BHF GOC:rph PMID:21123617 Any process that starts or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation during mitosis. dph 2018-04-23T14:32:23Z biological_process GO:0062033 positive regulation of mitotic sister chromatid segregation Any process that starts or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation during mitosis. PMID:12773390 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). dph 2019-05-30T16:45:04Z biological_process GO:0062125 regulation of mitochondrial gene expression Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). PMID:28285835 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. dph 2019-12-10T14:42:03Z biological_process GO:0062197 cellular response to chemical stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. PMID:26653712 The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a protein-containing complex. GO:0006461 biological_process chaperone activity macromolecular complex assembly macromolecule complex assembly protein complex assembly protein complex formation GO:0065003 protein-containing complex assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a protein-containing complex. GOC:jl The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and DNA molecules to form a protein-DNA complex. DNA-protein complex assembly biological_process GO:0065004 protein-DNA complex assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and DNA molecules to form a protein-DNA complex. GOC:jl DNA-protein complex assembly GOC:mah Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function. regulation biological_process GO:0065007 biological regulation Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function. GOC:dph GOC:isa_complete GOC:mah GOC:pr GOC:vw Any process that modulates a qualitative or quantitative trait of a biological quality. A biological quality is a measurable attribute of an organism or part of an organism, such as size, mass, shape, color, etc. regulation of biological attribute regulation of biological characteristic biological_process GO:0065008 regulation of biological quality Any process that modulates a qualitative or quantitative trait of a biological quality. A biological quality is a measurable attribute of an organism or part of an organism, such as size, mass, shape, color, etc. GOC:dph GOC:isa_complete GOC:mah GOC:pr GOC:vw Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. regulation of a molecular function biological_process GO:0065009 regulation of molecular function Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. GOC:isa_complete An organelle lumen that is part of an intracellular organelle. cellular_component GO:0070013 intracellular organelle lumen An organelle lumen that is part of an intracellular organelle. GOC:mah The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis in a mitochondrion. mitochondrial translation elongation biological_process GO:0070125 mitochondrial translational elongation The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis in a mitochondrion. GOC:mah mitochondrial translation elongation GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA in a mitochondrion. regulation of mitochondrial protein anabolism regulation of mitochondrial protein biosynthesis regulation of mitochondrial protein formation regulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis biological_process GO:0070129 regulation of mitochondrial translation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA in a mitochondrion. GOC:mah regulation of mitochondrial protein anabolism GOC:mah regulation of mitochondrial protein biosynthesis GOC:mah regulation of mitochondrial protein formation GOC:mah regulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA in a mitochondrion. negative regulation of mitochondrial protein anabolism negative regulation of mitochondrial protein biosynthesis negative regulation of mitochondrial protein formation negative regulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis biological_process GO:0070130 negative regulation of mitochondrial translation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA in a mitochondrion. GOC:mah negative regulation of mitochondrial protein anabolism GOC:mah negative regulation of mitochondrial protein biosynthesis GOC:mah negative regulation of mitochondrial protein formation GOC:mah negative regulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA in a mitochondrion. positive regulation of mitochondrial protein anabolism positive regulation of mitochondrial protein biosynthesis positive regulation of mitochondrial protein formation positive regulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis biological_process GO:0070131 positive regulation of mitochondrial translation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA in a mitochondrion. GOC:mah positive regulation of mitochondrial protein anabolism GOC:mah positive regulation of mitochondrial protein biosynthesis GOC:mah positive regulation of mitochondrial protein formation GOC:mah positive regulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis GOC:mah A cell-cell junction that seals cells together in an epithelium in a way that prevents even small molecules from leaking from one side of the sheet to the other. Wikipedia:Tight_junction occluding cell junction occluding junction cellular_component GO:0070160 tight junction A cell-cell junction that seals cells together in an epithelium in a way that prevents even small molecules from leaking from one side of the sheet to the other. ISBN:0815332181 occluding cell junction GOC:mah occluding junction GOC:mah A cell junction that mechanically attaches a cell (and its cytoskeleton) to neighboring cells or to the extracellular matrix. anchoring cell junction cellular_component GO:0070161 anchoring junction A cell junction that mechanically attaches a cell (and its cytoskeleton) to neighboring cells or to the extracellular matrix. ISBN:0815332181 anchoring cell junction GOC:mah A process of chromosome organization that is involved in a meiotic cell cycle. chromosome organisation involved in meiosis meiotic chromosome organization biological_process GO:0070192 chromosome organization involved in meiotic cell cycle A process of chromosome organization that is involved in a meiotic cell cycle. GOC:mah chromosome organisation involved in meiosis GOC:mah meiotic chromosome organization GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location. regulation of establishment of protein localisation biological_process GO:0070201 regulation of establishment of protein localization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location. GOC:BHF GOC:mah regulation of establishment of protein localisation GOC:mah A type of cell death that is morphologically characterized by an increasingly translucent cytoplasm, swelling of organelles, minor ultrastructural modifications of the nucleus (specifically, dilatation of the nuclear membrane and condensation of chromatin into small, irregular, circumscribed patches) and increased cell volume (oncosis), culminating in the disruption of the plasma membrane and subsequent loss of intracellular contents. Necrotic cells do not fragment into discrete corpses as their apoptotic counterparts do. Moreover, their nuclei remain intact and can aggregate and accumulate in necrotic tissues. necrosis cellular necrosis biological_process GO:0070265 Note that the word necrosis has been widely used in earlier literature to describe forms of cell death which are now known by more precise terms, such as apoptosis. Necrosis can occur in a regulated fashion, involving a precise sequence of signals; in this case, consider annotating to GO:0097300 'programmed necrotic cell death' or to its more specific child GO:0070266 'necroptotic process'. necrotic cell death A type of cell death that is morphologically characterized by an increasingly translucent cytoplasm, swelling of organelles, minor ultrastructural modifications of the nucleus (specifically, dilatation of the nuclear membrane and condensation of chromatin into small, irregular, circumscribed patches) and increased cell volume (oncosis), culminating in the disruption of the plasma membrane and subsequent loss of intracellular contents. Necrotic cells do not fragment into discrete corpses as their apoptotic counterparts do. Moreover, their nuclei remain intact and can aggregate and accumulate in necrotic tissues. GOC:mtg_apoptosis PMID:18846107 PMID:20823910 necrosis GOC:mah cellular necrosis GOC:add A transport vesicle that mediates transport from an intracellular compartment to the plasma membrane, and fuses with the plasma membrane to release various cargo molecules, such as proteins or hormones, by exocytosis. exocytic constitutive secretory pathway transport vesicle exocytotic vesicle cellular_component GO:0070382 exocytic vesicle A transport vesicle that mediates transport from an intracellular compartment to the plasma membrane, and fuses with the plasma membrane to release various cargo molecules, such as proteins or hormones, by exocytosis. GOC:kad GOC:mah exocytotic vesicle GOC:kad Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of oxygen. biological_process GO:0070482 response to oxygen levels Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of oxygen. GOC:BHF GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins. regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organisation regulation of microtubule dynamics biological_process GO:0070507 regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins. GOC:mah regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organisation GOC:mah regulation of microtubule dynamics GOC:dph GOC:tb A process of negative regulation of translation that is mediated by the association of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) with a cognate target mRNA. RNA interference, negative regulation of translation down regulation of translation involved in RNA interference down-regulation of translation involved in RNA interference downregulation of translation involved in RNA interference inhibition of translation involved in RNA interference biological_process GO:0070549 negative regulation of translation involved in RNA interference A process of negative regulation of translation that is mediated by the association of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) with a cognate target mRNA. GOC:mah PMID:18771919 RNA interference, negative regulation of translation GOC:mah down regulation of translation involved in RNA interference GOC:mah down-regulation of translation involved in RNA interference GOC:mah downregulation of translation involved in RNA interference GOC:mah inhibition of translation involved in RNA interference GOC:mah A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the mitochondrion. midori 2009-04-24T02:31:18Z protein localisation in mitochondrion protein localization in mitochondrion biological_process GO:0070585 protein localization to mitochondrion A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the mitochondrion. GOC:ecd protein localisation in mitochondrion GOC:mah Any process in which a macromolecule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location at the level of a cell. Localization at the cellular level encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell. midori 2009-06-16T04:08:29Z cellular macromolecule localisation biological_process GO:0070727 cellular macromolecule localization Any process in which a macromolecule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location at the level of a cell. Localization at the cellular level encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell. GOC:mah cellular macromolecule localisation GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus. midori 2009-08-27T04:41:45Z biological_process GO:0070887 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. cellular response to chemical stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus. GOC:mah The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an organelle. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. midori 2009-09-15T03:00:51Z biological_process GO:0070925 organelle assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an organelle. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. GOC:mah A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the endoplasmic reticulum. midori 2009-10-02T12:43:34Z protein localisation in endoplasmic reticulum protein localization in ER protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum biological_process GO:0070972 protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the endoplasmic reticulum. GOC:mah protein localisation in endoplasmic reticulum GOC:mah protein localization in ER GOC:mah The process of cell death in a neuron. midori 2009-11-03T02:37:17Z neuron cell death neuronal cell death biological_process GO:0070997 This term should not be used for direct annotation. The only exception should be when experimental data (e.g., staining with trypan blue or propidium iodide or use of neuron-specific markers) show that neuron death has occurred, but fail to provide details on death modality (accidental versus programmed). When information is provided on the neuron death mechanism, annotations should be made to the appropriate descendant of 'cell death' (such as, but not limited to, GO:0097300 'programmed necrotic cell death' or GO:0006915 'apoptotic process'), and the cell type captured as an annotation extension; or the term GO:0051402 'neuron apoptotic process' may be considered, if appropriate. neuron death The process of cell death in a neuron. GOC:BHF GOC:mah neuron cell death GOC:mah GOC:rl neuronal cell death GOC:mah The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant RNAs. kchris 2009-07-28T03:10:28Z RNA quality control aberrant RNA catabolic process biological_process GO:0071025 RNA surveillance The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant RNAs. GOC:dgf GOC:krc PMID:18644474 RNA quality control GOC:dgf GOC:krc aberrant RNA catabolic process GOC:dgf GOC:krc The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant RNAs within the cytoplasm. kchris 2009-07-28T03:14:03Z cytoplasmic RNA quality control cytoplasmic aberrant RNA catabolic process biological_process GO:0071026 cytoplasmic RNA surveillance The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant RNAs within the cytoplasm. GOC:dgf GOC:krc PMID:18644474 cytoplasmic RNA quality control GOC:dgf GOC:krc cytoplasmic aberrant RNA catabolic process GOC:dgf GOC:krc The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant RNAs within the nucleus. kchris 2009-07-28T03:45:02Z nuclear RNA quality control nuclear aberrant RNA catabolic process biological_process GO:0071027 nuclear RNA surveillance The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant RNAs within the nucleus. GOC:dgf GOC:krc PMID:18644474 nuclear RNA quality control GOC:dgf GOC:krc nuclear aberrant RNA catabolic process GOC:dgf GOC:krc The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant mRNAs within the nucleus. kchris 2009-07-28T04:14:29Z nuclear aberrant mRNA catabolic process nuclear mRNA quality control biological_process GO:0071028 nuclear mRNA surveillance The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant mRNAs within the nucleus. GOC:dgf GOC:krc PMID:18644474 nuclear aberrant mRNA catabolic process GOC:dgf GOC:krc nuclear mRNA quality control GOC:dgf GOC:krc A cellular process that results in a change in the spatial configuration of a DNA molecule. A conformation change can bend DNA, or alter the, twist, writhe, or linking number of a DNA molecule. midori 2009-11-09T11:36:34Z DNA conformation modification biological_process GO:0071103 DNA conformation change A cellular process that results in a change in the spatial configuration of a DNA molecule. A conformation change can bend DNA, or alter the, twist, writhe, or linking number of a DNA molecule. GOC:mah DNA conformation modification GOC:mah Any process in which a ribonucleoprotein complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within a cell. midori 2009-11-19T04:46:05Z RNP localization cellular ribonucleoprotein complex localization establishment and maintenance of ribonucleoprotein complex localization ribonucleoprotein complex localisation biological_process GO:0071166 ribonucleoprotein complex localization Any process in which a ribonucleoprotein complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within a cell. GOC:mah RNP localization GOC:mah cellular ribonucleoprotein complex localization GOC:mah establishment and maintenance of ribonucleoprotein complex localization GOC:mah ribonucleoprotein complex localisation GOC:mah A cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition until the spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle. midori 2009-11-23T12:36:57Z SAC biological_process GO:0071173 Note that this term should not be used for direct manual annotation as it should always be possible to specify the type of spindle assembly checkpoint (mitotic or meiotic). spindle assembly checkpoint A cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition until the spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle. GOC:mah SAC GOC:mah A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that originates from the spindle and delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a mitotic nuclear division until the spindle is correctly assembled and oriented, the completion of anaphase until chromosomes are attached to the spindle, or mitotic exit and cytokinesis when the spindle does not form. midori 2009-11-23T12:41:36Z mitotic cell cycle spindle checkpoint biological_process GO:0071174 Note that this term should not be used for direct manual annotation as it should always be possible to specify the type of spindle checkpoint (assembly, orientation or Dma1-dependent). mitotic spindle checkpoint A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that originates from the spindle and delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a mitotic nuclear division until the spindle is correctly assembled and oriented, the completion of anaphase until chromosomes are attached to the spindle, or mitotic exit and cytokinesis when the spindle does not form. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (non-living) stimulus. midori 2009-12-03T01:02:11Z cellular response to abiotic stress biological_process GO:0071214 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. cellular response to abiotic stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (non-living) stimulus. GOC:mah cellular response to abiotic stress GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotic stimulus, a stimulus caused or produced by a living organism. midori 2009-12-03T01:09:08Z cellular response to biotic stress biological_process GO:0071216 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. cellular response to biotic stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotic stimulus, a stimulus caused or produced by a living organism. GOC:mah cellular response to biotic stress GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus. midori 2009-12-10T04:46:04Z biological_process GO:0071310 cellular response to organic substance Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus. GOC:mah The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. midori 2009-12-16T10:13:01Z RNP export from nucleus ribonucleoprotein complex export from cell nucleus ribonucleoprotein complex nucleus export ribonucleoprotein complex transport from nucleus to cytoplasm biological_process GO:0071426 ribonucleoprotein complex export from nucleus The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. GOC:mah RNP export from nucleus GOC:mah ribonucleoprotein complex export from cell nucleus GOC:mah ribonucleoprotein complex nucleus export GOC:mah ribonucleoprotein complex transport from nucleus to cytoplasm GOC:mah The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex that contains messenger RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. midori 2009-12-16T10:13:59Z mRNA-containing RNP export from nucleus mRNA-containing ribonucleoprotein complex export from cell nucleus mRNA-containing ribonucleoprotein complex nucleus export mRNA-containing ribonucleoprotein complex transport from nucleus to cytoplasm biological_process GO:0071427 mRNA-containing ribonucleoprotein complex export from nucleus The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex that contains messenger RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. GOC:mah mRNA-containing RNP export from nucleus GOC:mah mRNA-containing ribonucleoprotein complex export from cell nucleus GOC:mah mRNA-containing ribonucleoprotein complex nucleus export GOC:mah mRNA-containing ribonucleoprotein complex transport from nucleus to cytoplasm GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell. midori 2009-12-18T11:45:33Z cellular osmotic response cellular osmotic stress response biological_process GO:0071470 cellular response to osmotic stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell. GOC:mah cellular osmotic response GOC:mah cellular osmotic stress response GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation. midori 2009-12-18T01:59:37Z cellular response to electromagnetic radiation stimulus cellular response to radiation stimulus biological_process GO:0071478 Note that 'radiation' refers to electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength. cellular response to radiation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation. GOC:mah cellular response to electromagnetic radiation stimulus GOC:mah cellular response to radiation stimulus GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays. midori 2009-12-18T02:00:31Z cellular response to ionising radiation cellular response to ionizing radiation stimulus biological_process GO:0071479 cellular response to ionizing radiation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays. GOC:mah cellular response to ionising radiation GOC:mah cellular response to ionizing radiation stimulus GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum. midori 2009-12-18T02:00:50Z biological_process cellular response to gamma ray cellular response to gamma-ray photon GO:0071480 cellular response to gamma radiation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum. GOC:mah cellular response to gamma ray GOC:mah cellular response to gamma-ray photon GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus, electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light. midori 2009-12-18T02:03:49Z biological_process GO:0071482 cellular response to light stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus, electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light. GOC:mah The developmental process in which an organism emerges from a surrounding protective structure such as an egg or pupa case. midori 2010-02-19T04:23:55Z biological_process GO:0071684 organism emergence from protective structure The developmental process in which an organism emerges from a surrounding protective structure such as an egg or pupa case. GOC:mah Any process in which a protein is transported from one specific location in the extracellular region to another, or maintained in a specific extracellular location. midori 2010-02-25T04:00:13Z protein localisation in extracellular region protein localization in extracellular region biological_process GO:0071692 protein localization to extracellular region Any process in which a protein is transported from one specific location in the extracellular region to another, or maintained in a specific extracellular location. GOC:mah protein localisation in extracellular region GOC:mah A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an anatomical structure to attain its fully functional state. midori 2010-03-02T11:43:38Z biological_process GO:0071695 anatomical structure maturation A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an anatomical structure to attain its fully functional state. GOC:mah The directed movement of organic substances into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. An organic substance is a molecular entity that contains carbon. midori 2010-03-08T02:15:14Z biological_process GO:0071702 organic substance transport The directed movement of organic substances into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. An organic substance is a molecular entity that contains carbon. CHEBI:50860 GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways involving an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. midori 2010-03-08T03:32:18Z organic molecular entity metabolic process organic molecular entity metabolism organic substance metabolism biological_process GO:0071704 organic substance metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. CHEBI:50860 GOC:mah The directed movement of nitrogen-containing compounds into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. midori 2010-03-08T03:56:28Z biological_process GO:0071705 nitrogen compound transport The directed movement of nitrogen-containing compounds into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. CHEBI:51143 GOC:mah Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein-DNA complex. midori 2010-09-08T10:03:26Z DNA-protein complex subunit organization protein-DNA complex subunit organisation biological_process GO:0071824 protein-DNA complex subunit organization Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein-DNA complex. GOC:mah DNA-protein complex subunit organization GOC:mah protein-DNA complex subunit organisation GOC:mah Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a ribonucleoprotein complex. midori 2010-09-08T10:10:35Z RNA-protein complex subunit organization protein-RNA complex subunit organization ribonucleoprotein complex subunit organisation biological_process GO:0071826 ribonucleoprotein complex subunit organization Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a ribonucleoprotein complex. GOC:mah RNA-protein complex subunit organization GOC:mah protein-RNA complex subunit organization GOC:mah ribonucleoprotein complex subunit organisation GOC:mah A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component. midori 2010-09-10T01:39:16Z GO:0071841 cellular component organisation or biogenesis cellular component organisation or biogenesis at cellular level cellular component organization or biogenesis at cellular level biological_process GO:0071840 cellular component organization or biogenesis A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component. GOC:mah cellular component organisation or biogenesis GOC:mah cellular component organisation or biogenesis at cellular level GOC:mah The cellular DNA metabolic process resulting in the formation of DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long unbranched macromolecule formed from one or two strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides, the 3'-phosphate group of each constituent deoxyribonucleotide being joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage to the 5'-hydroxyl group of the deoxyribose moiety of the next one. midori 2010-09-15T02:14:33Z DNA anabolism DNA biosynthesis DNA formation DNA synthesis biological_process GO:0071897 DNA biosynthetic process The cellular DNA metabolic process resulting in the formation of DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long unbranched macromolecule formed from one or two strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides, the 3'-phosphate group of each constituent deoxyribonucleotide being joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage to the 5'-hydroxyl group of the deoxyribose moiety of the next one. GOC:mah DNA anabolism GOC:mah DNA biosynthesis GOC:mah DNA formation GOC:mah DNA synthesis GOC:mah Any process that stop, prevents or decreases transcription as part of the G1/S transition of the mitotic cell cycle. midori 2010-09-29T11:12:11Z negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle biological_process negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter during G1/S phase of mitotic cell cycle GO:0071930 negative regulation of transcription involved in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle Any process that stop, prevents or decreases transcription as part of the G1/S transition of the mitotic cell cycle. GOC:mah GOC:vw negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle GOC:mah negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter during G1/S phase of mitotic cell cycle GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases transcription as part of the G1/S transition of the mitotic cell cycle. midori 2010-09-29T11:15:34Z positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle biological_process positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter during G1/S phase of mitotic cell cycle GO:0071931 positive regulation of transcription involved in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle Any process that activates or increases transcription as part of the G1/S transition of the mitotic cell cycle. GOC:mah GOC:vw positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle GOC:mah positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter during G1/S phase of mitotic cell cycle GOC:mah The part of a cell encompassing the cell cortex, the plasma membrane, and any external encapsulating structures. midori 2010-10-04T01:51:47Z cellular_component GO:0071944 cell periphery The part of a cell encompassing the cell cortex, the plasma membrane, and any external encapsulating structures. GOC:mah Locomotion in a multicellular organism, i.e. self-propelled movement of a multicellular organism from one location to another. midori 2010-10-14T10:34:35Z biological_process GO:0071965 multicellular organismal locomotion Locomotion in a multicellular organism, i.e. self-propelled movement of a multicellular organism from one location to another. GOC:mah The dormancy process that results in exit from diapause. Diapause is a neurohormonally mediated, dynamic state of low metabolic activity. Associated characteristics of this form of dormancy include reduced morphogenesis, increased resistance to environmental extremes, and altered or reduced behavioral activity. Full expression develops in a species-specific manner, usually in response to a number of environmental stimuli that precede unfavorable conditions. Once diapause has begun, metabolic activity is suppressed even if conditions favorable for development prevail. Once initiated, only certain stimuli are capable of releasing the organism from this state, and this characteristic is essential in distinguishing diapause from hibernation. midori 2010-10-21T04:45:40Z biological_process GO:0071981 exit from diapause The dormancy process that results in exit from diapause. Diapause is a neurohormonally mediated, dynamic state of low metabolic activity. Associated characteristics of this form of dormancy include reduced morphogenesis, increased resistance to environmental extremes, and altered or reduced behavioral activity. Full expression develops in a species-specific manner, usually in response to a number of environmental stimuli that precede unfavorable conditions. Once diapause has begun, metabolic activity is suppressed even if conditions favorable for development prevail. Once initiated, only certain stimuli are capable of releasing the organism from this state, and this characteristic is essential in distinguishing diapause from hibernation. GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an anesthetic stimulus. An anesthetic is a substance that causes loss of feeling, awareness, or sensation. midori 2010-11-10T01:26:18Z response to anaesthetic biological_process GO:0072347 response to anesthetic Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an anesthetic stimulus. An anesthetic is a substance that causes loss of feeling, awareness, or sensation. CHEBI:38867 GOC:sart response to anaesthetic GOC:mah The directed movement of an organelle along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of an organelle to a microtubule, and ends when the organelle reaches its final destination. midori 2010-12-01T04:59:11Z microtubule-based organelle localization biological_process GO:0072384 organelle transport along microtubule The directed movement of an organelle along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of an organelle to a microtubule, and ends when the organelle reaches its final destination. GOC:mah microtubule-based organelle localization GOC:rl A signal transduction process that contributes to a cell cycle checkpoint. midori 2010-12-08T02:59:45Z GO:0072404 GO:0072407 signal transduction involved in G2/M transition checkpoint biological_process GO:0072395 signal transduction involved in cell cycle checkpoint A signal transduction process that contributes to a cell cycle checkpoint. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle A signal transduction process that contributes to a DNA integrity checkpoint. midori 2010-12-08T03:31:56Z biological_process GO:0072401 signal transduction involved in DNA integrity checkpoint A signal transduction process that contributes to a DNA integrity checkpoint. GOC:mah A signal transduction process that contributes to a meiotic cell cycle checkpoint. midori 2010-12-08T03:48:45Z biological_process GO:0072411 signal transduction involved in meiotic cell cycle checkpoint A signal transduction process that contributes to a meiotic cell cycle checkpoint. GOC:mah A signal transduction process that contributes to a mitotic cell cycle checkpoint. midori 2010-12-08T03:50:28Z GO:0072456 GO:0072474 biological_process signal transduction involved in mitotic G2/M transition checkpoint signal transduction involved in mitotic cell cycle G1/S checkpoint GO:0072413 signal transduction involved in mitotic cell cycle checkpoint A signal transduction process that contributes to a mitotic cell cycle checkpoint. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle A signal transduction process that contributes to a spindle checkpoint. midori 2010-12-08T03:55:51Z biological_process GO:0072416 signal transduction involved in spindle checkpoint A signal transduction process that contributes to a spindle checkpoint. GOC:mah A signal transduction process that contributes to a DNA damage checkpoint. midori 2010-12-08T04:18:11Z biological_process GO:0072422 signal transduction involved in DNA damage checkpoint A signal transduction process that contributes to a DNA damage checkpoint. GOC:mah A signal transduction process that contributes to an intra-S DNA damage checkpoint. midori 2010-12-08T04:31:08Z biological_process GO:0072428 signal transduction involved in intra-S DNA damage checkpoint A signal transduction process that contributes to an intra-S DNA damage checkpoint. GOC:mah A signal transduction process that contributes to a cell size control checkpoint during the G1/S transition of mitosis. midori 2010-12-09T10:56:44Z signal transduction involved in mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition size control checkpoint biological_process GO:0072450 signal transduction involved in G1 cell size control checkpoint A signal transduction process that contributes to a cell size control checkpoint during the G1/S transition of mitosis. GOC:mah A signal transduction process that contributes to a meiotic spindle assembly checkpoint. midori 2010-12-09T11:37:54Z biological_process GO:0072465 signal transduction involved in meiotic spindle assembly checkpoint A signal transduction process that contributes to a meiotic spindle assembly checkpoint. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle A signal transduction process that contributes to a cell size control checkpoint during mitosis. midori 2010-12-09T11:46:18Z biological_process GO:0072471 signal transduction involved in cell size control checkpoint A signal transduction process that contributes to a cell size control checkpoint during mitosis. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle A signal transduction process that contributes to a mitotic cell cycle spindle checkpoint. midori 2010-12-09T11:50:16Z signal transduction involved in mitotic cell cycle spindle checkpoint biological_process GO:0072477 signal transduction involved in mitotic spindle checkpoint A signal transduction process that contributes to a mitotic cell cycle spindle checkpoint. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle A signal transduction process that contributes to a mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint. midori 2010-12-09T12:11:42Z GO:1902420 signal transduction involved in mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint signal transduction involved in Dma1-dependent checkpoint signal transduction involved in SAC-independent checkpoint signaling cascade involved in Dma1-dependent checkpoint signaling cascade involved in SAC-independent checkpoint signalling cascade involved in Dma1-dependent checkpoint signalling cascade involved in SAC-independent checkpoint biological_process signaling pathway involved in Dma1-dependent checkpoint signaling pathway involved in SAC-independent checkpoint signalling pathway involved in Dma1-dependent checkpoint signalling pathway involved in SAC-independent checkpoint GO:0072480 signal transduction involved in mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint A signal transduction process that contributes to a mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle signal transduction involved in SAC-independent checkpoint GOC:TermGenie signaling cascade involved in Dma1-dependent checkpoint GOC:TermGenie signaling cascade involved in SAC-independent checkpoint GOC:TermGenie signalling cascade involved in Dma1-dependent checkpoint GOC:TermGenie signalling cascade involved in SAC-independent checkpoint GOC:TermGenie signaling pathway involved in Dma1-dependent checkpoint GOC:TermGenie signaling pathway involved in SAC-independent checkpoint GOC:TermGenie signalling pathway involved in Dma1-dependent checkpoint GOC:TermGenie signalling pathway involved in SAC-independent checkpoint GOC:TermGenie A signal transduction process that contributes to a spindle assembly checkpoint. midori 2010-12-09T12:19:51Z biological_process GO:0072486 signal transduction involved in spindle assembly checkpoint A signal transduction process that contributes to a spindle assembly checkpoint. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location a specific location on or in an organelle, and is prevented from moving elsewhere. Encompasses establishment of localization in the membrane or lumen of a membrane-bounded organelle. midori 2011-02-14T02:09:13Z maintenance of protein localisation to organelle maintenance of protein localization to organelle biological_process GO:0072595 maintenance of protein localization in organelle Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location a specific location on or in an organelle, and is prevented from moving elsewhere. Encompasses establishment of localization in the membrane or lumen of a membrane-bounded organelle. GOC:mah maintenance of protein localisation to organelle GOC:mah Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in a mitochondrion, and is prevented from moving elsewhere. midori 2011-02-14T02:30:43Z biological_process GO:0072656 maintenance of protein location in mitochondrion Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in a mitochondrion, and is prevented from moving elsewhere. GOC:mah A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location in a peroxisome. midori 2011-02-14T02:50:04Z protein localisation to peroxisome biological_process GO:0072662 protein localization to peroxisome A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location in a peroxisome. GOC:ecd protein localisation to peroxisome GOC:mah Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in a peroxisome, and is prevented from moving elsewhere. midori 2011-02-14T02:51:51Z biological_process GO:0072664 maintenance of protein location in peroxisome Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in a peroxisome, and is prevented from moving elsewhere. GOC:mah A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location in a vacuole. midori 2011-02-14T02:55:35Z protein localisation to vacuole biological_process GO:0072665 protein localization to vacuole A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location in a vacuole. GOC:ecd protein localisation to vacuole GOC:mah Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in a vacuole, and is prevented from moving elsewhere. midori 2011-02-14T02:56:57Z biological_process GO:0072667 maintenance of protein location in vacuole Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in a vacuole, and is prevented from moving elsewhere. GOC:mah A spindle that forms as part of meiosis. Several proteins, such as budding yeast Spo21p, fission yeast Spo2 and Spo13, and C. elegans mei-1, localize specifically to the meiotic spindle and are absent from the mitotic spindle. midori 2011-07-08T05:17:08Z cellular_component GO:0072687 meiotic spindle A spindle that forms as part of meiosis. Several proteins, such as budding yeast Spo21p, fission yeast Spo2 and Spo13, and C. elegans mei-1, localize specifically to the meiotic spindle and are absent from the mitotic spindle. GOC:mah GOC:vw PMID:11408572 PMID:18367542 PMID:8027178 A process of DNA-dependent DNA replication initiation that occurs as part of premeiotic DNA replication. midori 2011-08-19T03:16:20Z premeiotic DNA replication initiation biological_process initiation of meiotic DNA synthesis initiation of premeiotic DNA synthesis meiotic DNA replication initiation GO:0072691 initiation of premeiotic DNA replication A process of DNA-dependent DNA replication initiation that occurs as part of premeiotic DNA replication. GOC:mah PMID:10888871 premeiotic DNA replication initiation GOC:mah initiation of meiotic DNA synthesis GOC:mah initiation of premeiotic DNA synthesis GOC:mah meiotic DNA replication initiation GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroxyurea stimulus. midori 2012-04-11T04:15:42Z response to HU biological_process GO:0072710 response to hydroxyurea Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroxyurea stimulus. CHEBI:44423 GOC:mah response to HU GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism involving those compounds formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. donghui 2009-04-22T04:30:52Z biological_process GO:0080090 regulation of primary metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism involving those compounds formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. PMID:19211694 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to stress. Response to stress is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). donghui 2009-05-06T04:51:28Z biological_process GO:0080134 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. regulation of response to stress Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to stress. Response to stress is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). GOC:dhl Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular response to stress. Cellular response to stress is a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). donghui 2009-05-06T05:02:52Z biological_process GO:0080135 regulation of cellular response to stress Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular response to stress. Cellular response to stress is a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). GOC:dhl Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of fertilization. Fertilization is the union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy). donghui 2010-09-01T03:44:27Z biological_process GO:0080154 regulation of fertilization Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of fertilization. Fertilization is the union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy). GOC:DHL PMID:20478994 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lytic vacuole. donghui 2011-04-25T04:40:46Z lytic vacuole organisation lytic vacuolar assembly biological_process lytic vacuole biogenesis lytic vacuole organization and biogenesis GO:0080171 lytic vacuole organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lytic vacuole. PMID:20729380 Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of microtubule nucleation. Microtubule nucleation is the 'de novo' formation of a microtubule, in which tubulin heterodimers form metastable oligomeric aggregates, some of which go on to support formation of a complete microtubule. Microtubule nucleation usually occurs from a specific site within a cell. tanyaberardini 2009-08-12T11:33:09Z biological_process GO:0090063 positive regulation of microtubule nucleation Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of microtubule nucleation. Microtubule nucleation is the 'de novo' formation of a microtubule, in which tubulin heterodimers form metastable oligomeric aggregates, some of which go on to support formation of a complete microtubule. Microtubule nucleation usually occurs from a specific site within a cell. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the size of an anatomical structure. tanyaberardini 2009-09-02T11:00:08Z biological_process GO:0090066 regulation of anatomical structure size Any process that modulates the size of an anatomical structure. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. tanyaberardini 2009-09-09T11:39:52Z biological_process GO:0090068 positive regulation of cell cycle process Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. tanyaberardini 2009-10-23T11:21:38Z biological_process GO:0090087 regulation of peptide transport Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any cell-cell adhesion process that modulates the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins. tanyaberardini 2009-12-08T02:05:00Z regulation of actin cytoskeleton organisation by cell-cell adhesion biological_process GO:0090138 regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization by cell-cell adhesion Any cell-cell adhesion process that modulates the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins. GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb regulation of actin cytoskeleton organisation by cell-cell adhesion GOC:mah Any process in which mitochondrial DNA and associated proteins are formed into a compact, orderly structure. tanyaberardini 2009-12-08T02:12:19Z biological_process GO:0090139 mitochondrial DNA packaging Any process in which mitochondrial DNA and associated proteins are formed into a compact, orderly structure. GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the separation of a single continuous membrane into two membranes. tanyaberardini 2009-12-08T03:06:36Z membrane scission biological_process GO:0090148 membrane fission A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the separation of a single continuous membrane into two membranes. GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of spindle assembly. Spindle assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated chromosomes apart. tanyaberardini 2009-12-11T10:17:51Z regulation of spindle formation biological_process GO:0090169 regulation of spindle assembly Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of spindle assembly. Spindle assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated chromosomes apart. GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb regulation of spindle formation GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins that contributes to chromosomal pairing and precedes synapsis. tanyaberardini 2009-12-11T11:07:42Z microtubule cytoskeleton organisation involved in homologous chromosome segregation microtubule organization involved in chromosome pairing biological_process GO:0090172 microtubule cytoskeleton organization involved in homologous chromosome segregation A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins that contributes to chromosomal pairing and precedes synapsis. GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb microtubule cytoskeleton organisation involved in homologous chromosome segregation GOC:mah microtubule organization involved in chromosome pairing GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb The joining of two lipid bilayers to form a single organelle membrane. tanyaberardini 2009-12-11T11:44:58Z biological_process GO:0090174 organelle membrane fusion The joining of two lipid bilayers to form a single organelle membrane. GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle. tanyaberardini 2010-01-13T11:04:53Z regulation of spindle organisation biological_process GO:0090224 regulation of spindle organization Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle. GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb regulation of spindle organisation GOC:mah Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the spindle checkpoint, a cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition until the spindle is correctly assembled and oriented, and chromosomes are attached to the spindle. tanyaberardini 2010-01-20T10:29:43Z biological_process GO:0090231 Note that this term should not be used for direct manual annotation as it should always be possible to specify the type of checkpoint (i.e mitotic spindle or DNA damage etc). regulation of spindle checkpoint Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the spindle checkpoint, a cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition until the spindle is correctly assembled and oriented, and chromosomes are attached to the spindle. GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the spindle checkpoint, a cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition until the spindle is correctly assembled and oriented, and chromosomes are attached to the spindle. tanyaberardini 2010-01-20T10:29:43Z spindle checkpoint activation biological_process GO:0090232 positive regulation of spindle checkpoint Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the spindle checkpoint, a cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition until the spindle is correctly assembled and oriented, and chromosomes are attached to the spindle. GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb spindle checkpoint activation GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the spindle checkpoint, a cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition until the spindle is correctly assembled and oriented, and chromosomes are attached to the spindle. tanyaberardini 2010-01-20T10:29:43Z spindle checkpoint silencing biological_process GO:0090233 Note that this term should not be used for direct manual annotation as it should always be possible to specify the type of checkpoint (i.e mitotic spindle or DNA damage etc). negative regulation of spindle checkpoint Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the spindle checkpoint, a cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition until the spindle is correctly assembled and oriented, and chromosomes are attached to the spindle. GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb spindle checkpoint silencing GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of metaphase plate congression, the alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the spindle. tanyaberardini 2010-01-20T11:05:55Z regulation of chromosome congression biological_process GO:0090235 regulation of metaphase plate congression Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of metaphase plate congression, the alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the spindle. GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb regulation of chromosome congression GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a muscle system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in a muscle system. tanyaberardini 2010-02-03T11:48:13Z biological_process GO:0090257 regulation of muscle system process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a muscle system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in a muscle system. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint, a cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a mitotic nuclear division until the spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle. tanyaberardini 2010-02-05T02:06:37Z biological_process GO:0090266 regulation of mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint, a cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a mitotic nuclear division until the spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint, a cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a mitotic nuclear division until the spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle. tanyaberardini 2010-02-05T02:09:44Z biological_process GO:0090267 positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint, a cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a mitotic nuclear division until the spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle. GOC:mah GOC:vw Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription of target genes that are transcribed as part of the G2/M transition of the mitotic cell cycle. tanyaberardini 2010-02-09T02:13:26Z activation of G2/M-specific transcription in the mitotic cell cycle activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter during G2/M-phase of the mitotic cell cycle activation of transcription involved in G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle positive regulation of G2/M-specific transcription in the mitotic cell cycle positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter during G2/M-phase of the mitotic cell cycle up-regulation of G2/M-specific transcription in the mitotic cell cycle up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter during G2/M transition of the mitotic cell cycle up-regulation of transcription involved in G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle biological_process GO:0090282 positive regulation of transcription involved in G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription of target genes that are transcribed as part of the G2/M transition of the mitotic cell cycle. GOC:rn PMID:10747051 PMID:10894548 PMID:10899128 PMID:10959837 activation of G2/M-specific transcription in the mitotic cell cycle GOC:rn activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter during G2/M-phase of the mitotic cell cycle GOC:rn activation of transcription involved in G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle GOC:rn positive regulation of G2/M-specific transcription in the mitotic cell cycle GOC:rn positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter during G2/M-phase of the mitotic cell cycle GOC:rn up-regulation of G2/M-specific transcription in the mitotic cell cycle GOC:rn up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter during G2/M transition of the mitotic cell cycle GOC:rn up-regulation of transcription involved in G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle GOC:rn Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the process in which new strands of DNA are synthesized in the mitochondrion. tanyaberardini 2010-03-12T03:58:25Z biological_process regulation of mitochondrial DNA synthesis GO:0090296 regulation of mitochondrial DNA replication Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the process in which new strands of DNA are synthesized in the mitochondrion. GOC:tb regulation of mitochondrial DNA synthesis GOC:tb Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the process in which new strands of DNA are synthesized in the mitochondrion. tanyaberardini 2010-03-12T03:58:25Z biological_process positive regulation of mitochondrial DNA synthesis GO:0090297 positive regulation of mitochondrial DNA replication Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the process in which new strands of DNA are synthesized in the mitochondrion. GOC:tb positive regulation of mitochondrial DNA synthesis GOC:tb Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the process in which new strands of DNA are synthesized in the mitochondrion. tanyaberardini 2010-03-12T03:58:25Z biological_process negative regulation of mitochondrial DNA synthesis GO:0090298 negative regulation of mitochondrial DNA replication Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the process in which new strands of DNA are synthesized in the mitochondrion. GOC:tb negative regulation of mitochondrial DNA synthesis GOC:tb Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleic acids. tanyaberardini 2010-04-07T10:18:47Z biological_process GO:0090304 nucleic acid metabolic process Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleic acids. GOC:dph GOC:tb The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle that contributes to the process of meiosis. tanyaberardini 2010-04-09T11:21:56Z meiotic spindle assembly biological_process GO:0090306 spindle assembly involved in meiosis The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle that contributes to the process of meiosis. GOC:tb GOC:vw meiotic spindle assembly GOC:vw Mitotic bipolar spindle assembly begins with spindle microtubule nucleation from the separated spindle pole body, includes spindle elongation during prometaphase, and is complete when all kinetochores are stably attached the spindle, and the spindle assembly checkpoint is satisfied. tanyaberardini 2010-04-09T11:31:28Z spindle assembly involved in mitosis biological_process GO:0090307 mitotic spindle assembly Mitotic bipolar spindle assembly begins with spindle microtubule nucleation from the separated spindle pole body, includes spindle elongation during prometaphase, and is complete when all kinetochores are stably attached the spindle, and the spindle assembly checkpoint is satisfied. GOC:tb GOC:vw Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells. tanyaberardini 2010-04-16T03:45:07Z biological_process GO:0090316 positive regulation of intracellular protein transport Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells. GOC:tb Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells. tanyaberardini 2010-04-16T03:45:07Z biological_process GO:0090317 negative regulation of intracellular protein transport Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells. GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement. tanyaberardini 2010-05-14T10:24:29Z biological_process GO:0090325 regulation of locomotion involved in locomotory behavior Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement. GOC:dph GOC:kmv GOC:tb Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement. tanyaberardini 2010-05-14T10:26:58Z biological_process GO:0090326 positive regulation of locomotion involved in locomotory behavior Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement. GOC:dph GOC:kmv GOC:tb Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of the self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement. tanyaberardini 2010-05-14T10:26:58Z biological_process GO:0090327 negative regulation of locomotion involved in locomotory behavior Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of the self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement. GOC:dph GOC:kmv GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of DNA-dependent DNA replication, the process in which new strands of DNA are synthesized, using parental DNA as a template for the DNA-dependent DNA polymerases that synthesize the new strands. tanyaberardini 2010-05-14T10:42:04Z biological_process GO:0090329 regulation of DNA-dependent DNA replication Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of DNA-dependent DNA replication, the process in which new strands of DNA are synthesized, using parental DNA as a template for the DNA-dependent DNA polymerases that synthesize the new strands. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that inhibits or decreases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription of target genes that are transcribed as part of the G2/M transition of the mitotic cell cycle. tanyaberardini 2011-10-26T03:59:41Z biological_process down-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter during the G2/M transition of the mitotic cell cycle negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter during G2/M transition of the mitotic cell cycle GO:0090419 negative regulation of transcription involved in G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle Any process that inhibits or decreases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription of target genes that are transcribed as part of the G2/M transition of the mitotic cell cycle. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle PMID:10747051 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in dynamic structural changes to the arrangement of actin filaments. tanyaberardini 2013-01-23T10:27:44Z biological_process GO:0090527 actin filament reorganization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in dynamic structural changes to the arrangement of actin filaments. GOC:dph GOC:tb Synthesis of DNA that is a part of the process of duplicating one or more molecules of DNA. tanyaberardini 2014-06-06T13:54:36Z biological_process GO:0090592 DNA synthesis involved in DNA replication Synthesis of DNA that is a part of the process of duplicating one or more molecules of DNA. GOC:vw Steps involved in processing precursor RNAs arising from transcription of operons in the mitochondrial genome into mature mRNAs. tanyaberardini 2014-10-24T12:43:27Z biological_process GO:0090615 mitochondrial mRNA processing Steps involved in processing precursor RNAs arising from transcription of operons in the mitochondrial genome into mature mRNAs. GOC:tb PMID:25181358 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or a multicellular organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a higher than normal number of multicellular organisms living per unit area. tanyaberardini 2015-10-21T16:00:30Z response to crowding biological_process GO:0090664 response to high population density Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or a multicellular organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a higher than normal number of multicellular organisms living per unit area. GOC:mr PMID:26439857 response to crowding GOC:mr All of the contents of a cilium, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the cilium. paola 2011-03-23T01:52:31Z cilium plasm microtubule-based flagellar matrix microtubule-based flagellum matrix cellular_component cilial cytoplasm ciliary cytoplasm cilium cytoplasm microtubule-based flagellar cytoplasm microtubule-based flagellum cytoplasm GO:0097014 Note that we deem cilium and microtubule-based flagellum to be equivalent. Also, researchers consider the composition of both the plasm and the membrane of the cilium to be detectably different from that in the non-ciliary cytosol and plasma membrane (e.g. in terms of calcium ion concentration, membrane lipid composition, and more). For this reason, the term "ciliary plasm" is not linked to "cytoplasm". ciliary plasm All of the contents of a cilium, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the cilium. GOC:BHF GOC:cilia GOC:dos PMID:17895364 A specialized area of membrane on either the presynaptic or the postsynaptic side of a synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell. paola 2011-06-07T11:22:09Z cellular_component GO:0097060 synaptic membrane A specialized area of membrane on either the presynaptic or the postsynaptic side of a synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell. GOC:BHF PMID:20410104 The process that results in grouping synaptic vesicles in presynaptic structures. paola 2011-07-04T01:48:24Z biological_process GO:0097091 Updated definition as requested by SynGO group, see https://github.com/geneontology/synapse/issues/163. synaptic vesicle clustering The process that results in grouping synaptic vesicles in presynaptic structures. GOC:ans GOC:pr PMID:19900895 PMID:7568108 Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an organic cyclic compound, any molecular entity that contains carbon arranged in a cyclic molecular structure. paola 2011-09-23T02:31:01Z molecular_function GO:0097159 organic cyclic compound binding Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an organic cyclic compound, any molecular entity that contains carbon arranged in a cyclic molecular structure. CHEBI:33832 GOC:sjw PMID:7583672 The chemical reactions and pathways involving the ammonium ion. paola 2011-09-28T04:21:30Z ammonium ion metabolism biological_process ammonium metabolic process GO:0097164 ammonium ion metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving the ammonium ion. CHEBI:35274 GOC:dhl GOC:tb PMID:14671018 A series of molecular signals which triggers the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a signal, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. paola 2011-11-23T09:30:23Z GO:0008624 apoptotic signalling pathway induction of apoptosis by extracellular signals biological_process GO:0097190 This term can be used to annotate gene products involved in apoptotic events happening downstream of the cross-talk point between the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. The cross-talk starts when caspase-8 cleaves Bid and truncated Bid interacts with mitochondria. From this point on it is not possible to distinguish between extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. apoptotic signaling pathway A series of molecular signals which triggers the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a signal, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. GOC:mtg_apoptosis apoptotic signalling pathway GOC:mah A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of an intracellular signal (e.g. DNA damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress etc.), and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. The intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway is crucially regulated by permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOMP). paola 2011-11-23T09:40:50Z GO:0008629 intrinsic apoptotic pathway intrinsic apoptotic signalling pathway mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway intrinsic apoptosis biological_process induction of apoptosis by intracellular signals GO:0097193 The signals that start intrinsic apoptosis may come from extracellular sources (e.g. oxidative stress, UV exposure), but the reception of the signal and thus the signaling pathway start inside the cell (as a result of DNA damage, redox imbalance, etc.). Examples are ZPR9 (ZNF622) and ASK1 (MAP3K5) (UniProt symbols Q969S3 and Q99683) in PMID:21771788. A diagram of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway including examples of molecular players can be found in Figure 2 in PMID:21760595. intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of an intracellular signal (e.g. DNA damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress etc.), and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. The intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway is crucially regulated by permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOMP). GOC:mtg_apoptosis GOC:yaf PMID:11919192 PMID:17340152 PMID:18852119 intrinsic apoptotic signalling pathway GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antineoplastic agent stimulus. An antineoplastic agent is a substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms. paola 2012-06-12T10:48:28Z biological_process GO:0097327 response to antineoplastic agent Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antineoplastic agent stimulus. An antineoplastic agent is a substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms. CHEBI:35610 GOC:pr Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antimetabolite stimulus. An antimetabolite is a substance which is structurally similar to a metabolite but which competes with it or replaces it, and so prevents or reduces its normal utilization. paola 2012-06-12T10:52:01Z biological_process GO:0097329 response to antimetabolite Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antimetabolite stimulus. An antimetabolite is a substance which is structurally similar to a metabolite but which competes with it or replaces it, and so prevents or reduces its normal utilization. CHEBI:35221 GOC:pr A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a supramolecular fiber, a polymer consisting of an indefinite number of protein or protein complex subunits that have polymerised to form a fiber-shaped structure. paola 2012-11-27T15:46:25Z GO:0043206 extracellular fibril organisation extracellular fibril organization extracellular fibril organization and biogenesis biological_process fibril organisation fibril organization GO:0097435 supramolecular fiber organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a supramolecular fiber, a polymer consisting of an indefinite number of protein or protein complex subunits that have polymerised to form a fiber-shaped structure. GOC:pr extracellular fibril organization and biogenesis GOC:mah OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a neuron, the basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. A typical neuron consists of a cell body (often called the soma), an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. CL:0000540 paola 2012-12-19T16:53:50Z cellular_component GO:0097458 obsolete neuron part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a neuron, the basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. A typical neuron consists of a cell body (often called the soma), an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. GOC:pr http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron Any process in which a synaptic vesicle or vesicles are transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. paola 2013-05-22T14:29:55Z establishment and maintenance of synaptic vesicle localization establishment and maintenance of synaptic vesicle position synaptic vesicle localisation biological_process GO:0097479 synaptic vesicle localization Any process in which a synaptic vesicle or vesicles are transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. GOC:pr The process in which the migration of a neuron projection is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. paola 2013-07-08T13:32:37Z neuron process guidance neuron protrusion guidance neuronal cell projection guidance neurite guidance biological_process GO:0097485 neuron projection guidance The process in which the migration of a neuron projection is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. GOC:BHF GOC:rl PMID:22790009 The cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA). paola 2014-10-01T13:49:27Z biological_process GO:0097659 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. nucleic acid-templated transcription The cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA). GOC:pr GOC:txnOH GOC:vw Any vesicle that is part of the intracellular region. paola 2016-03-29T17:39:45Z cellular_component GO:0097708 intracellular vesicle Any vesicle that is part of the intracellular region. GOC:vesicles Reactions triggered in response to the presence of another organism that act to protect the cell or organism from damage caused by that organism. davidos 2013-11-11T12:59:11Z biological_process GO:0098542 defense response to other organism Reactions triggered in response to the presence of another organism that act to protect the cell or organism from damage caused by that organism. GOC:dos A membrane that is a (regional) part of the plasma membrane. davidos 2014-03-06T11:55:32Z region of plasma membrane cellular_component GO:0098590 Note that this term should not be used for direct manual annotation as it should always be possible to choose a more specific subclass. plasma membrane region A membrane that is a (regional) part of the plasma membrane. GOC:dos The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules. davidos 2014-04-16T13:40:03Z GO:0016337 biological_process single organismal cell-cell adhesion GO:0098609 cell-cell adhesion The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules. GOC:dos The binding by a cell-adhesion protein on the cell surface to an extracellular matrix component, to mediate adhesion of the cell to the external substrate or to another cell. cell adhesion molecule protein binding involved in cell adhesion molecular_function GO:0098631 cell adhesion mediator activity The binding by a cell-adhesion protein on the cell surface to an extracellular matrix component, to mediate adhesion of the cell to the external substrate or to another cell. Wikipedia:Cell_adhesion The binding by a cell-adhesion protein on the cell surface to an extracellular matrix component, to mediate adhesion of the cell to another cell. cell-cell adhesion molecule protein binding involved in cell-cell adhesion molecular_function GO:0098632 cell-cell adhesion mediator activity The binding by a cell-adhesion protein on the cell surface to an extracellular matrix component, to mediate adhesion of the cell to another cell. Wikipedia:Cell_adhesion The directed movement of some substance from outside of a cell into a cell. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis. uptake biological_process GO:0098657 import into cell The directed movement of some substance from outside of a cell into a cell. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis. GOC:dos Any subdivision of a chromosome along its length. chromosome region cellular_component GO:0098687 Chromosomal regions include parts that are not part of the chromatin. Examples include the kinetochore. chromosomal region Any subdivision of a chromosome along its length. GOC:dos Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the synaptic vesicle cycle. dos 2017-03-21T16:06:48Z biological_process GO:0098693 regulation of synaptic vesicle cycle Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the synaptic vesicle cycle. GOC:dos One of the distinct periods or stages into which the meiotic cell cycle is divided. Each phase is characterized by the occurrence of specific biochemical and morphological events. biological_process GO:0098762 This term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation should be to 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (e.g. mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). meiotic cell cycle phase One of the distinct periods or stages into which the meiotic cell cycle is divided. Each phase is characterized by the occurrence of specific biochemical and morphological events. GOC:dos One of the distinct periods or stages into which the mitotic cell cycle is divided. Each phase is characterized by the occurrence of specific biochemical and morphological events. biological_process GO:0098763 This term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation should be to 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (e.g. mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). mitotic cell cycle phase One of the distinct periods or stages into which the mitotic cell cycle is divided. Each phase is characterized by the occurrence of specific biochemical and morphological events. GOC:dos A meiotic cell cycle phase prior to a during which some part of meiosis I nuclear division or the proceeding cytokinesis occurs. biological_process GO:0098764 This term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation should be to 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (e.g. mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). meiosis I cell cycle phase A meiotic cell cycle phase prior to a during which some part of meiosis I nuclear division or the proceeding cytokinesis occurs. GOC:dos Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of inorganic ions within an organism or cell. biological_process GO:0098771 inorganic ion homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of inorganic ions within an organism or cell. GOC:dos A molecular function that modulates the activity of a gene product or complex. Examples include enzyme regulators and channel regulators. molecular_function GO:0098772 molecular function regulator A molecular function that modulates the activity of a gene product or complex. Examples include enzyme regulators and channel regulators. GOC:dos GOC:pt The part of a synapse that is part of the presynaptic cell. presynaptic terminal cellular_component GO:0098793 presynapse The part of a synapse that is part of the presynaptic cell. GOC:dos Any protein complex that is part of a membrane. cellular_component GO:0098796 membrane protein complex Any protein complex that is part of a membrane. GOC:dos Any protein complex that is part of the plasma membrane. cellular_component GO:0098797 plasma membrane protein complex Any protein complex that is part of the plasma membrane. GOC:dos A protein complex that is part of a mitochondrion. cellular_component GO:0098798 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. mitochondrial protein complex A protein complex that is part of a mitochondrion. GOC:dos The process in which genetic material, in the form of nuclear chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. Nuclear chromosome segregation begins with the condensation of chromosomes, includes chromosome separation, and ends when chromosomes have completed movement to the spindle poles. biological_process GO:0098813 nuclear chromosome segregation The process in which genetic material, in the form of nuclear chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. Nuclear chromosome segregation begins with the condensation of chromosomes, includes chromosome separation, and ends when chromosomes have completed movement to the spindle poles. GOC:dos The directed movement of a protein along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. microtubule-based protein transport biological_process GO:0098840 protein transport along microtubule The directed movement of a protein along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. PMID:25987607 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. biological_process GO:0098900 The ion channels through which current flows during an action potential should be annotated to the process 'action potential'. Gene products involved in modulating the characteristics of an action potential via changing the expression levels or the activity of these channels (e.g. modulating their kinetics or voltage sensitivity) should be annotated to this regulation term. regulation of action potential Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. GOC:dos GOC:dph GOC:go_curators GOC:tb ISBN:978-0-07-139011-8 Cell-cell signaling from pre to post-synapse, across the synaptic cleft biological_process GO:0098916 anterograde trans-synaptic signaling Cell-cell signaling from pre to post-synapse, across the synaptic cleft GOC:dos The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules in axons. Wikipedia:Axoplasmic_transport axon cargo transport axoplasmic transport biological_process GO:0098930 axonal transport The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules in axons. ISBN:0815316194 Any vesicle-mediated transport that occurs in a synapse biological_process GO:0099003 vesicle-mediated transport in synapse Any vesicle-mediated transport that occurs in a synapse GOC:dos An infolding of the plasma membrane. biological_process GO:0099024 plasma membrane invagination An infolding of the plasma membrane. GOC:dos GOC:vw A cellular component that consists of an indeterminate number of proteins or macromolecular complexes, organized into a regular, higher-order structure such as a polymer, sheet, network or a fiber. cellular_component GO:0099080 supramolecular complex A cellular component that consists of an indeterminate number of proteins or macromolecular complexes, organized into a regular, higher-order structure such as a polymer, sheet, network or a fiber. GOC:dos A polymeric supramolecular structure. cellular_component GO:0099081 supramolecular polymer A polymeric supramolecular structure. GOC:dos The movement of a cellular component as a result of microtubule polymerization. biological_process GO:0099098 microtubule polymerization based movement The movement of a cellular component as a result of microtubule polymerization. GOC:cjm ISBN:0815316194 A microtubule-based process that results in the transport of organelles, other microtubules, or other cellular components. Examples include motor-driven movement along microtubules and movement driven by polymerization or depolymerization of microtubules. biological_process GO:0099111 microtubule-based transport A microtubule-based process that results in the transport of organelles, other microtubules, or other cellular components. Examples include motor-driven movement along microtubules and movement driven by polymerization or depolymerization of microtubules. GOC:cjm ISBN:0815316194 A microtubule-based process that results in the transport of proteins. biological_process GO:0099118 microtubule-based protein transport A microtubule-based process that results in the transport of proteins. GOC:vw The actin cytoskeleton that is part of a presynapse dos 2017-06-09T18:36:19Z cellular_component GO:0099143 presynaptic actin cytoskeleton The actin cytoskeleton that is part of a presynapse GOC:dos Any process, acting in the presynapse that results in modulation of chemical synaptic transmission. dos 2017-09-11T17:09:31Z biological_process GO:0099171 presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission Any process, acting in the presynapse that results in modulation of chemical synaptic transmission. GOC:dos Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trans-synaptic signaling. biological_process GO:0099177 regulation of trans-synaptic signaling Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trans-synaptic signaling. GOC:dos Fusion of the membrane of a vesicle with the plasma membrane, thereby releasing its contents into the extracellular space. biological_process GO:0099500 vesicle fusion to plasma membrane Fusion of the membrane of a vesicle with the plasma membrane, thereby releasing its contents into the extracellular space. GOC:aruk GOC:bc ISBN:0071120009 PMID:18618940 A cytoplasmic, membrane bound vesicle that is capable of fusing to the plasma membrane to release its contents into the extracellular space. cellular_component GO:0099503 secretory vesicle A cytoplasmic, membrane bound vesicle that is capable of fusing to the plasma membrane to release its contents into the extracellular space. GOC:dos A biological process in which synaptic vesicles are loaded with neurotransmitters, move to the active zone, exocytose and are then recycled via endocytosis, ultimately leading to reloading with neurotransmitters. biological_process GO:0099504 synaptic vesicle cycle A biological process in which synaptic vesicles are loaded with neurotransmitters, move to the active zone, exocytose and are then recycled via endocytosis, ultimately leading to reloading with neurotransmitters. GOC:aruk GOC:bc PMID:15217342 A polymer consisting of an indefinite number of protein or protein complex subunits that have polymerised to form a fiber-shaped structure. GO:0043205 cellular_component fibril GO:0099512 supramolecular fiber A polymer consisting of an indefinite number of protein or protein complex subunits that have polymerised to form a fiber-shaped structure. GOC:dos A component of the cytoskeleton consisting of a homo or heteropolymeric fiber constructed from an indeterminate number of protein subunits. cellular_component GO:0099513 polymeric cytoskeletal fiber A component of the cytoskeleton consisting of a homo or heteropolymeric fiber constructed from an indeterminate number of protein subunits. GOC:dos The directed movement of synaptic vesicles along cytoskeletal fibers such as microfilaments or microtubules within a cell, powered by molecular motors. biological_process GO:0099514 synaptic vesicle cytoskeletal transport The directed movement of synaptic vesicles along cytoskeletal fibers such as microfilaments or microtubules within a cell, powered by molecular motors. GOC:dos The directed movement of synaptic vesicles along microtubules within a cell, powered by molecular motors. biological_process GO:0099517 synaptic vesicle transport along microtubule The directed movement of synaptic vesicles along microtubules within a cell, powered by molecular motors. GOC:dos The directed movement of a vesicle along a cytoskeletal fiber such as a microtubule or and actin filament, mediated by motor proteins. cytoskeletal fiber-based vesicle localization vesicle cytoskeletal transport biological_process GO:0099518 vesicle cytoskeletal trafficking The directed movement of a vesicle along a cytoskeletal fiber such as a microtubule or and actin filament, mediated by motor proteins. GOC:ecd GOC:rl cytoskeletal fiber-based vesicle localization GOC:rl Any (proper) part of the cytosol of a single cell of sufficient size to still be considered cytosol cellular_component GO:0099522 region of cytosol Any (proper) part of the cytosol of a single cell of sufficient size to still be considered cytosol GOC:dos The region of the cytosol consisting of all cytosol that is part of the presynapse. cellular_component GO:0099523 presynaptic cytosol The region of the cytosol consisting of all cytosol that is part of the presynapse. GOC:dos The pathway leading to secretion of a neurotransmitter from the presynapse as part of synaptic transmission. biological_process GO:0099531 presynaptic process involved in chemical synaptic transmission The pathway leading to secretion of a neurotransmitter from the presynapse as part of synaptic transmission. GOC:dos Cell-cell signaling to, from or within a synapse. biological_process GO:0099536 synaptic signaling Cell-cell signaling to, from or within a synapse. GOC:dos Cell-cell signaling in either direction across the synaptic cleft. biological_process GO:0099537 trans-synaptic signaling Cell-cell signaling in either direction across the synaptic cleft. GOC:dos Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating translation occurring at the synapse. biological_process GO:0099547 Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. regulation of translation at synapse, modulating synaptic transmission Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating translation occurring at the synapse. GOC:dos Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, across the synaptic cleft, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse. biological_process GO:0099550 Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. trans-synaptic signaling, modulating synaptic transmission Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, across the synaptic cleft, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse. GOC:dos Any (proper) part of the cytoplasm of a single cell of sufficient size to still be considered cytoplasm" cellular_component GO:0099568 cytoplasmic region Any (proper) part of the cytoplasm of a single cell of sufficient size to still be considered cytoplasm" GOC:dos The portion of the cytoskeleton contained within the presynapse. cellular_component GO:0099569 presynaptic cytoskeleton The portion of the cytoskeleton contained within the presynapse. GOC:dos Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating a catabolic process occurring at a presynapse. biological_process GO:0099575 Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. regulation of protein catabolic process at presynapse, modulating synaptic transmission Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating a catabolic process occurring at a presynapse. GOC:dos Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating translation occurring at the presynapse. biological_process GO:0099577 Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. regulation of translation at presynapse, modulating synaptic transmission Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating translation occurring at the presynapse. GOC:dos Any signal release from a synapse. biological_process GO:0099643 signal release from synapse Any signal release from a synapse. GOC:dos The complete extent of cell cortex that underlies some some region of the plasma membrane perimembrane region cellular_component GO:0099738 cell cortex region The complete extent of cell cortex that underlies some some region of the plasma membrane GOC:dos OBSOLETE. Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that positively_regulates peroxisome organization cjm 2015-04-02T04:13:19Z biological_process GO:0100004 This term was obsoleted because it represents a GO-CAM model. obsolete positive regulation of peroxisome organization by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter true OBSOLETE. Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that positively_regulates peroxisome organization GOC:cjm GOC:obol OBSOLETE. Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that negatively_regulates single organismal cell-cell adhesion cjm 2015-04-02T04:13:19Z biological_process GO:0100017 This term was obsoleted because it represents a GO-CAM model. obsolete negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter true OBSOLETE. Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that negatively_regulates single organismal cell-cell adhesion GOC:cjm GOC:obol Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that regulates transport cjm 2015-04-02T04:13:19Z biological_process GO:0100020 regulation of transport by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that regulates transport GOC:cjm GOC:obol OBSOLETE. Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that regulates meiotic nuclear division cjm 2015-04-02T04:13:19Z biological_process GO:0100023 This term was obsoleted because it represents a GO-CAM model. obsolete regulation of meiotic nuclear division by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter true OBSOLETE. Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that regulates meiotic nuclear division GOC:cjm GOC:obol OBSOLETE. Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that regulates cellular response to oxidative stress cjm 2015-04-02T04:13:19Z biological_process GO:0100038 This term was obsoleted because it represents a GO-CAM model. obsolete regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter true OBSOLETE. Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that regulates cellular response to oxidative stress GOC:cjm GOC:obol OBSOLETE. Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that positively_regulates meiotic nuclear division cjm 2015-04-02T04:13:19Z biological_process GO:0100051 This term was obsoleted because it represents a GO-CAM model. obsolete positive regulation of meiotic nuclear division by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter true OBSOLETE. Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that positively_regulates meiotic nuclear division GOC:cjm GOC:obol OBSOLETE. Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that negatively_regulates G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle cjm 2015-04-02T04:13:19Z biological_process GO:0100052 This term was obsoleted because it represents a GO-CAM model. obsolete negative regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter true OBSOLETE. Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that negatively_regulates G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle GOC:cjm GOC:obol OBSOLETE. Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that negatively_regulates neuron apoptotic process cjm 2015-04-02T04:13:19Z biological_process GO:0100069 This term was obsoleted because it represents a GO-CAM model. obsolete negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter true OBSOLETE. Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that negatively_regulates neuron apoptotic process GOC:cjm GOC:obol Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an environmental stimulus. dos 2017-02-17T16:02:42Z biological_process GO:0104004 cellular response to environmental stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an environmental stimulus. GOC:dos The collection of neuronal projections into a bundle of rods, known as a fascicle. hjd 2017-06-26T19:43:23Z biological_process GO:0106030 neuron projection fasciculation The collection of neuronal projections into a bundle of rods, known as a fascicle. GOC:aruk GOC:bc. PMID:12761826 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cellular response to osmotic stress. hjd 2017-08-04T14:53:47Z biological_process GO:0106049 regulation of cellular response to osmotic stress Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cellular response to osmotic stress. PMID:10398679 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle organization. kmv 2017-07-06T14:14:08Z biological_process GO:0110028 positive regulation of mitotic spindle organization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle organization. GOC:bhm PMID:17576815 Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis I, a cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through the first phase of meiosis, in which cells divide and homologous chromosomes are paired and segregated from each other, producing two daughter cells. kmv 2017-07-12T18:47:33Z biological_process GO:0110029 negative regulation of meiosis I Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis I, a cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through the first phase of meiosis, in which cells divide and homologous chromosomes are paired and segregated from each other, producing two daughter cells. GOC:vw Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament organization. kmv 2017-09-20T19:52:57Z biological_process GO:0110053 regulation of actin filament organization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament organization. GOC:kmv A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex but below that of an anatomical system. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. kmv 2019-08-12T18:01:37Z cellular_component GO:0110165 cellular anatomical entity A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex but below that of an anatomical system. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. GOC:kmv A prolongation or process extending from a cell and that is bounded by plasma membrane, e.g. a cilium, lamellipodium, or axon. kchris 2017-03-21T17:26:07Z cellular_component GO:0120025 plasma membrane bounded cell projection A prolongation or process extending from a cell and that is bounded by plasma membrane, e.g. a cilium, lamellipodium, or axon. GOC:krc Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of plasma membrane bounded cell projections. kchris 2017-04-26T16:02:06Z biological_process GO:0120035 regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of plasma membrane bounded cell projections. GOC:krc A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a plasma membrane bounded prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a cilium or axon. kchris 2017-04-26T16:07:02Z biological_process GO:0120036 plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a plasma membrane bounded prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a cilium or axon. GOC:krc OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a plasma membrane bounded cell projection, a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a cilium or axon. GO:0120025 kchris 2017-04-28T17:20:43Z cellular_component GO:0120038 obsolete plasma membrane bounded cell projection part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a plasma membrane bounded cell projection, a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a cilium or axon. GOC:krc The process in which the anatomical structures of a plasma membrane bounded cell projection are generated and organized. kchris 2017-04-28T23:39:37Z biological_process GO:0120039 plasma membrane bounded cell projection morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a plasma membrane bounded cell projection are generated and organized. GOC:krc All of the contents of a plasma membrane bounded neuron projection, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the projection. kchris 2017-11-01T18:58:12Z cellular_component GO:0120111 neuron projection cytoplasm All of the contents of a plasma membrane bounded neuron projection, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the projection. GOC:ha One of the two nuclear divisions that occur as part of the meiotic cell cycle. pg 2017-03-23T09:40:00Z biological_process GO:0140013 meiotic nuclear division One of the two nuclear divisions that occur as part of the meiotic cell cycle. PMID:9334324 A mitotic cell cycle process comprising the steps by which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides; the process involves condensation of chromosomal DNA into a highly compacted form. Canonically, mitosis produces two daughter nuclei whose chromosome complement is identical to that of the mother cell. pg 2017-03-23T14:44:23Z biological_process GO:0140014 mitotic nuclear division A mitotic cell cycle process comprising the steps by which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides; the process involves condensation of chromosomal DNA into a highly compacted form. Canonically, mitosis produces two daughter nuclei whose chromosome complement is identical to that of the mother cell. ISBN:0198547684 The cellular processes that contribute to exocytosis. pg 2017-05-15T13:20:45Z biological_process GO:0140029 exocytic process The cellular processes that contribute to exocytosis. Wikipedia:Exocytosis The process in which a mitochondrial gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. pg 2017-06-26T10:57:45Z biological_process GO:0140053 mitochondrial gene expression The process in which a mitochondrial gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. PMID:27058308 Translation that occurs at the presynapse. pg 2018-07-13T13:00:33Z biological_process GO:0140236 Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. Discussion for term creation is here: https://github.com/geneontology/synapse/issues/216 translation at presynapse Translation that occurs at the presynapse. PMID:27321671 Translation that occurs at the presynapse, and that modulates chemical synaptic transmission. pg 2018-07-13T13:07:23Z biological_process GO:0140237 Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. Discussion for term creation is here: https://github.com/geneontology/synapse/issues/216 translation at presynapse, modulating chemical synaptic transmission Translation that occurs at the presynapse, and that modulates chemical synaptic transmission. PMID:27321671 A vesicle-mediated transport process in which the presynapse take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle. pg 2018-07-15T07:33:55Z biological_process GO:0140238 Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. Term request: https://github.com/geneontology/synapse/issues/230 presynaptic endocytosis A vesicle-mediated transport process in which the presynapse take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle. PMID:24719103 Translation that occurs at the synapse. pg 2018-07-15T09:23:12Z biological_process GO:0140241 Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. Discussion for term creation is here: https://github.com/geneontology/synapse/issues/210. translation at synapse Translation that occurs at the synapse. PMID:23083742 Any process that regulates translation occurring at the synapse. pg 2018-07-15T09:38:26Z biological_process GO:0140243 Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. Discussion for term creation is here: https://github.com/geneontology/synapse/issues/210. regulation of translation at synapse Any process that regulates translation occurring at the synapse. PMID:20427644 Any process that regulates translation occurring at the presynapse. pg 2018-07-15T09:38:33Z biological_process GO:0140244 Note that this term was created for the SynGO project, and will be obsoleted when the SynGO annotations are made in Noctua. Discussion for term creation is here: https://github.com/geneontology/synapse/issues/210. regulation of translation at presynapse Any process that regulates translation occurring at the presynapse. PMID:20427644 A cellular process in which two or more cells combine together, their plasma membrane fusing, producing a single cell. In some cases, nuclei fuse, producing a polyploid cell, while in other cases, nuclei remain separate, producing a syncytium. pg 2018-08-13T18:38:18Z cell fusion cell cell fusion biological_process GO:0140253 Created new term, see https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/15939. cell-cell fusion A cellular process in which two or more cells combine together, their plasma membrane fusing, producing a single cell. In some cases, nuclei fuse, producing a polyploid cell, while in other cases, nuclei remain separate, producing a syncytium. Wikipedia:Cell_fusion The directed movement of some substance from a cell, into the extracellular region. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via exocytosis. pg 2019-05-22T11:20:45Z efflux biological_process GO:0140352 export from cell The directed movement of some substance from a cell, into the extracellular region. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via exocytosis. GOC:pg Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite development. hjd 2012-01-09T10:41:31Z biological_process up regulation of dendrite development GO:1900006 positive regulation of dendrite development Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite development. GOC:TermGenie up regulation of dendrite development GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peroxisome organization. dph 2012-01-26T01:49:05Z regulation of peroxisome organisation biological_process regulation of peroxisome organization and biogenesis regulation of peroxisome-assembly ATPase activity GO:1900063 regulation of peroxisome organization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peroxisome organization. GOC:TermGenie PMID:7500953 regulation of peroxisome organisation GOC:TermGenie regulation of peroxisome organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie regulation of peroxisome-assembly ATPase activity GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of peroxisome organization. dph 2012-01-26T01:49:09Z positive regulation of peroxisome organisation up regulation of peroxisome organisation up-regulation of peroxisome organisation upregulation of peroxisome organisation activation of peroxisome organisation activation of peroxisome organization biological_process activation of peroxisome organization and biogenesis activation of peroxisome-assembly ATPase activity positive regulation of peroxisome organization and biogenesis positive regulation of peroxisome-assembly ATPase activity up regulation of peroxisome organization up regulation of peroxisome organization and biogenesis up regulation of peroxisome-assembly ATPase activity up-regulation of peroxisome organization up-regulation of peroxisome organization and biogenesis up-regulation of peroxisome-assembly ATPase activity upregulation of peroxisome organization upregulation of peroxisome organization and biogenesis upregulation of peroxisome-assembly ATPase activity GO:1900064 positive regulation of peroxisome organization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of peroxisome organization. GOC:TermGenie PMID:7500953 positive regulation of peroxisome organisation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of peroxisome organisation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of peroxisome organisation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of peroxisome organisation GOC:TermGenie activation of peroxisome organisation GOC:TermGenie activation of peroxisome organization GOC:TermGenie activation of peroxisome organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie activation of peroxisome-assembly ATPase activity GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of peroxisome organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of peroxisome-assembly ATPase activity GOC:TermGenie up regulation of peroxisome organization GOC:TermGenie up regulation of peroxisome organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of peroxisome-assembly ATPase activity GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of peroxisome organization GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of peroxisome organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of peroxisome-assembly ATPase activity GOC:TermGenie upregulation of peroxisome organization GOC:TermGenie upregulation of peroxisome organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of peroxisome-assembly ATPase activity GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular synaptic transmission. kmv 2012-01-26T10:14:10Z biological_process GO:1900073 regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular synaptic transmission. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular synaptic transmission. kmv 2012-01-26T10:14:18Z biological_process down regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission down-regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission downregulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission inhibition of neuromuscular synaptic transmission GO:1900074 negative regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular synaptic transmission. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv down regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission GOC:TermGenie downregulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission GOC:TermGenie inhibition of neuromuscular synaptic transmission GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular synaptic transmission. kmv 2012-01-26T10:14:22Z biological_process activation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission up regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission up-regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission upregulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission GO:1900075 positive regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular synaptic transmission. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv activation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission GOC:TermGenie up regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission GOC:TermGenie upregulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission GOC:TermGenie Any signalling pathway that increases or activates a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle. rph 2012-02-08T12:24:39Z up regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle up-regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle upregulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle activation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle biological_process GO:1900087 positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle Any signalling pathway that increases or activates a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle up regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie upregulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie activation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response. ppm 2012-02-15T11:15:27Z regulation of ER unfolded protein response regulation of erUPR biological_process regulation of SREBP-mediated signalling pathway GO:1900101 regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response. GOC:TermGenie regulation of ER unfolded protein response GOC:TermGenie regulation of erUPR GOC:TermGenie regulation of SREBP-mediated signalling pathway GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response. ppm 2012-02-15T11:15:31Z down regulation of ER unfolded protein response down regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response down regulation of erUPR down-regulation of ER unfolded protein response down-regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response down-regulation of erUPR downregulation of ER unfolded protein response downregulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response downregulation of erUPR inhibition of ER unfolded protein response inhibition of erUPR negative regulation of ER unfolded protein response negative regulation of erUPR inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response biological_process down regulation of SREBP-mediated signalling pathway down-regulation of SREBP-mediated signalling pathway downregulation of SREBP-mediated signalling pathway inhibition of SREBP-mediated signalling pathway negative regulation of SREBP-mediated signalling pathway GO:1900102 negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response. GOC:TermGenie down regulation of ER unfolded protein response GOC:TermGenie down regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response GOC:TermGenie down regulation of erUPR GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of ER unfolded protein response GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of erUPR GOC:TermGenie downregulation of ER unfolded protein response GOC:TermGenie downregulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response GOC:TermGenie downregulation of erUPR GOC:TermGenie inhibition of ER unfolded protein response GOC:TermGenie inhibition of erUPR GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of ER unfolded protein response GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of erUPR GOC:TermGenie inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response GOC:TermGenie down regulation of SREBP-mediated signalling pathway GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of SREBP-mediated signalling pathway GOC:TermGenie downregulation of SREBP-mediated signalling pathway GOC:TermGenie inhibition of SREBP-mediated signalling pathway GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of SREBP-mediated signalling pathway GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response. ppm 2012-02-15T11:15:35Z activation of ER unfolded protein response activation of erUPR positive regulation of ER unfolded protein response positive regulation of erUPR up regulation of ER unfolded protein response up regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response up regulation of erUPR up-regulation of ER unfolded protein response up-regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response up-regulation of erUPR upregulation of ER unfolded protein response upregulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response upregulation of erUPR activation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response biological_process activation of SREBP-mediated signalling pathway positive regulation of SREBP-mediated signalling pathway up regulation of SREBP-mediated signalling pathway up-regulation of SREBP-mediated signalling pathway upregulation of SREBP-mediated signalling pathway GO:1900103 positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response. GOC:TermGenie activation of ER unfolded protein response GOC:TermGenie activation of erUPR GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of ER unfolded protein response GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of erUPR GOC:TermGenie up regulation of ER unfolded protein response GOC:TermGenie up regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response GOC:TermGenie up regulation of erUPR GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of ER unfolded protein response GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of erUPR GOC:TermGenie upregulation of ER unfolded protein response GOC:TermGenie upregulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response GOC:TermGenie upregulation of erUPR GOC:TermGenie activation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response GOC:TermGenie activation of SREBP-mediated signalling pathway GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of SREBP-mediated signalling pathway GOC:TermGenie up regulation of SREBP-mediated signalling pathway GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of SREBP-mediated signalling pathway GOC:TermGenie upregulation of SREBP-mediated signalling pathway GOC:TermGenie Any regulation of signal transduction that takes place in the extracellular region. bf 2012-02-22T10:21:48Z regulation of signaling pathway in extracellular region regulation of signalling pathway in extracellular region biological_process GO:1900115 extracellular regulation of signal transduction Any regulation of signal transduction that takes place in the extracellular region. GOC:TermGenie GOC:signaling regulation of signaling pathway in extracellular region GOC:TermGenie regulation of signalling pathway in extracellular region GOC:TermGenie Any negative regulation of signal transduction that takes place in extracellular region. bf 2012-02-22T10:27:56Z down regulation of signal transduction in extracellular region down-regulation of signal transduction in extracellular region downregulation of signal transduction in extracellular region negative regulation of signaling pathway in extracellular region negative regulation of signalling pathway in extracellular region extracellular inhibition of signaling pathway inhibition of signal transduction in extracellular region biological_process GO:1900116 extracellular negative regulation of signal transduction Any negative regulation of signal transduction that takes place in extracellular region. GOC:TermGenie GOC:signaling down regulation of signal transduction in extracellular region GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of signal transduction in extracellular region GOC:TermGenie downregulation of signal transduction in extracellular region GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of signaling pathway in extracellular region GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of signalling pathway in extracellular region GOC:TermGenie extracellular inhibition of signaling pathway GOC:bf inhibition of signal transduction in extracellular region GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a protein or other molecule binding to a receptor. bf 2012-02-22T11:40:53Z regulation of receptor ligand biological_process GO:1900120 regulation of receptor binding Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a protein or other molecule binding to a receptor. GOC:TermGenie GOC:signaling regulation of receptor ligand GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a protein or other molecule binding to a receptor. bf 2012-02-22T11:40:57Z down regulation of receptor binding down-regulation of receptor binding downregulation of receptor binding inhibition of receptor binding inhibition of receptor ligand biological_process down regulation of receptor-associated protein activity GO:1900121 negative regulation of receptor binding Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a protein or other molecule binding to a receptor. GOC:TermGenie GOC:signaling down regulation of receptor binding GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of receptor binding GOC:TermGenie downregulation of receptor binding GOC:TermGenie inhibition of receptor binding GOC:TermGenie inhibition of receptor ligand GOC:TermGenie down regulation of receptor-associated protein activity GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a protein or other molecule binding to a receptor. bf 2012-02-22T11:41:00Z up regulation of receptor binding upregulation of receptor binding activation of receptor binding biological_process GO:1900122 positive regulation of receptor binding Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a protein or other molecule binding to a receptor. GOC:TermGenie GOC:signaling up regulation of receptor binding GOC:TermGenie upregulation of receptor binding GOC:TermGenie activation of receptor binding GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleus. bf 2012-03-12T01:23:44Z regulation of protein localisation to nucleus regulation of protein localization in cell nucleus regulation of protein localization in nucleus biological_process GO:1900180 regulation of protein localization to nucleus Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleus. GOC:TermGenie regulation of protein localisation to nucleus GOC:TermGenie regulation of protein localization in cell nucleus GOC:TermGenie regulation of protein localization in nucleus GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleus. bf 2012-03-12T01:23:48Z down regulation of protein localisation to nucleus down regulation of protein localization in cell nucleus down regulation of protein localization in nucleus down regulation of protein localization to nucleus down-regulation of protein localisation to nucleus down-regulation of protein localization in cell nucleus down-regulation of protein localization in nucleus down-regulation of protein localization to nucleus downregulation of protein localisation to nucleus downregulation of protein localization in cell nucleus downregulation of protein localization in nucleus downregulation of protein localization to nucleus negative regulation of protein localisation to nucleus negative regulation of protein localization in cell nucleus negative regulation of protein localization in nucleus inhibition of protein localisation to nucleus inhibition of protein localization in cell nucleus inhibition of protein localization in nucleus inhibition of protein localization to nucleus biological_process GO:1900181 negative regulation of protein localization to nucleus Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleus. GOC:TermGenie down regulation of protein localisation to nucleus GOC:TermGenie down regulation of protein localization in cell nucleus GOC:TermGenie down regulation of protein localization in nucleus GOC:TermGenie down regulation of protein localization to nucleus GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of protein localisation to nucleus GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of protein localization in cell nucleus GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of protein localization in nucleus GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of protein localization to nucleus GOC:TermGenie downregulation of protein localisation to nucleus GOC:TermGenie downregulation of protein localization in cell nucleus GOC:TermGenie downregulation of protein localization in nucleus GOC:TermGenie downregulation of protein localization to nucleus GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of protein localisation to nucleus GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of protein localization in cell nucleus GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of protein localization in nucleus GOC:TermGenie inhibition of protein localisation to nucleus GOC:TermGenie inhibition of protein localization in cell nucleus GOC:TermGenie inhibition of protein localization in nucleus GOC:TermGenie inhibition of protein localization to nucleus GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleus. bf 2012-03-12T01:23:52Z activation of protein localization in nucleus positive regulation of protein localisation to nucleus positive regulation of protein localization in cell nucleus positive regulation of protein localization in nucleus up regulation of protein localisation to nucleus up regulation of protein localization in cell nucleus up regulation of protein localization in nucleus up regulation of protein localization to nucleus up-regulation of protein localisation to nucleus up-regulation of protein localization in cell nucleus up-regulation of protein localization in nucleus up-regulation of protein localization to nucleus upregulation of protein localisation to nucleus upregulation of protein localization in cell nucleus upregulation of protein localization in nucleus upregulation of protein localization to nucleus activation of protein localisation to nucleus activation of protein localization in cell nucleus activation of protein localization to nucleus biological_process GO:1900182 positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleus. GOC:TermGenie activation of protein localization in nucleus GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of protein localisation to nucleus GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of protein localization in cell nucleus GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of protein localization in nucleus GOC:TermGenie up regulation of protein localisation to nucleus GOC:TermGenie up regulation of protein localization in cell nucleus GOC:TermGenie up regulation of protein localization in nucleus GOC:TermGenie up regulation of protein localization to nucleus GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of protein localisation to nucleus GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of protein localization in cell nucleus GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of protein localization in nucleus GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of protein localization to nucleus GOC:TermGenie upregulation of protein localisation to nucleus GOC:TermGenie upregulation of protein localization in cell nucleus GOC:TermGenie upregulation of protein localization in nucleus GOC:TermGenie upregulation of protein localization to nucleus GOC:TermGenie activation of protein localisation to nucleus GOC:TermGenie activation of protein localization in cell nucleus GOC:TermGenie activation of protein localization to nucleus GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oocyte maturation. kmv 2012-03-19T09:41:18Z biological_process GO:1900193 regulation of oocyte maturation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oocyte maturation. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oocyte maturation. kmv 2012-03-19T09:41:27Z down regulation of oocyte maturation down-regulation of oocyte maturation downregulation of oocyte maturation inhibition of oocyte maturation biological_process GO:1900194 negative regulation of oocyte maturation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oocyte maturation. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv down regulation of oocyte maturation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of oocyte maturation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of oocyte maturation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of oocyte maturation GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oocyte maturation. kmv 2012-03-19T09:41:35Z up regulation of oocyte maturation up-regulation of oocyte maturation upregulation of oocyte maturation activation of oocyte maturation biological_process GO:1900195 positive regulation of oocyte maturation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oocyte maturation. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv up regulation of oocyte maturation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of oocyte maturation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of oocyte maturation GOC:TermGenie activation of oocyte maturation GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle endocytosis. rl 2012-03-28T01:40:26Z biological_process regulation of synaptic vesicle retrieval GO:1900242 regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle endocytosis. GOC:BHF GOC:TermGenie regulation of synaptic vesicle retrieval GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle endocytosis. rl 2012-03-28T01:40:36Z down regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis down-regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis downregulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis inhibition of synaptic vesicle endocytosis biological_process down regulation of synaptic vesicle retrieval down-regulation of synaptic vesicle retrieval downregulation of synaptic vesicle retrieval inhibition of synaptic vesicle retrieval negative regulation of synaptic vesicle retrieval GO:1900243 negative regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle endocytosis. GOC:BHF GOC:TermGenie down regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of synaptic vesicle endocytosis GOC:TermGenie down regulation of synaptic vesicle retrieval GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of synaptic vesicle retrieval GOC:TermGenie downregulation of synaptic vesicle retrieval GOC:TermGenie inhibition of synaptic vesicle retrieval GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of synaptic vesicle retrieval GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle endocytosis. rl 2012-03-28T01:40:44Z up regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis up-regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis upregulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis activation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis biological_process activation of synaptic vesicle retrieval positive regulation of synaptic vesicle retrieval up regulation of synaptic vesicle retrieval up-regulation of synaptic vesicle retrieval upregulation of synaptic vesicle retrieval GO:1900244 positive regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle endocytosis. GOC:BHF GOC:TermGenie up regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis GOC:TermGenie activation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis GOC:TermGenie activation of synaptic vesicle retrieval GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of synaptic vesicle retrieval GOC:TermGenie up regulation of synaptic vesicle retrieval GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of synaptic vesicle retrieval GOC:TermGenie upregulation of synaptic vesicle retrieval GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA interference. kmv 2012-04-13T08:28:39Z regulation of RNAi regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA biological_process GO:1900368 regulation of RNA interference Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA interference. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv PMID:22412382 regulation of RNAi GOC:TermGenie regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA interference. kmv 2012-04-13T08:28:50Z down regulation of RNA interference down regulation of RNAi down regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA down-regulation of RNA interference down-regulation of RNAi down-regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA downregulation of RNA interference downregulation of RNAi downregulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA inhibition of RNAi inhibition of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA negative regulation of RNAi negative regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA inhibition of RNA interference biological_process GO:1900369 negative regulation of RNA interference Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA interference. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv PMID:22412382 down regulation of RNA interference GOC:TermGenie down regulation of RNAi GOC:TermGenie down regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of RNA interference GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of RNAi GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA GOC:TermGenie downregulation of RNA interference GOC:TermGenie downregulation of RNAi GOC:TermGenie downregulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA GOC:TermGenie inhibition of RNAi GOC:TermGenie inhibition of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of RNAi GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA GOC:TermGenie inhibition of RNA interference GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA interference. kmv 2012-04-13T08:29:00Z activation of RNAi activation of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA positive regulation of RNAi positive regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA up regulation of RNA interference up regulation of RNAi up regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA up-regulation of RNA interference up-regulation of RNAi up-regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA upregulation of RNA interference upregulation of RNAi upregulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA activation of RNA interference biological_process GO:1900370 positive regulation of RNA interference Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA interference. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv PMID:22412382 activation of RNAi GOC:TermGenie activation of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of RNAi GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA GOC:TermGenie up regulation of RNA interference GOC:TermGenie up regulation of RNAi GOC:TermGenie up regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of RNA interference GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of RNAi GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA GOC:TermGenie upregulation of RNA interference GOC:TermGenie upregulation of RNAi GOC:TermGenie upregulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA GOC:TermGenie activation of RNA interference GOC:TermGenie A negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion. pr 2012-04-18T12:01:19Z biological_process GO:1900387 negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter A negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion. GOC:BHF GOC:TermGenie PMID:15737616 OBSOLETE. A negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of transport. mah 2012-04-18T04:20:25Z biological_process GO:1900392 This term was obsoleted because it represents a GO-CAM model. obsolete regulation of transport by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter true OBSOLETE. A negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of transport. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mah PMID:17446861 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to oxidative stress. mah 2012-04-20T03:30:52Z regulation of adaptive response to oxidative stress biological_process GO:1900407 regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to oxidative stress. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mah regulation of adaptive response to oxidative stress GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to oxidative stress. mah 2012-04-20T03:31:05Z down regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress down-regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress downregulation of cellular response to oxidative stress down regulation of adaptive response to oxidative stress down-regulation of adaptive response to oxidative stress downregulation of adaptive response to oxidative stress inhibition of adaptive response to oxidative stress inhibition of cellular response to oxidative stress negative regulation of adaptive response to oxidative stress biological_process GO:1900408 negative regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to oxidative stress. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mah down regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cellular response to oxidative stress GOC:TermGenie down regulation of adaptive response to oxidative stress GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of adaptive response to oxidative stress GOC:TermGenie downregulation of adaptive response to oxidative stress GOC:TermGenie inhibition of adaptive response to oxidative stress GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cellular response to oxidative stress GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of adaptive response to oxidative stress GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to oxidative stress. mah 2012-04-20T03:31:16Z up regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress up-regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress upregulation of cellular response to oxidative stress activation of adaptive response to oxidative stress activation of cellular response to oxidative stress positive regulation of adaptive response to oxidative stress up regulation of adaptive response to oxidative stress up-regulation of adaptive response to oxidative stress upregulation of adaptive response to oxidative stress biological_process GO:1900409 positive regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to oxidative stress. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mah up regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cellular response to oxidative stress GOC:TermGenie activation of adaptive response to oxidative stress GOC:TermGenie activation of cellular response to oxidative stress GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of adaptive response to oxidative stress GOC:TermGenie up regulation of adaptive response to oxidative stress GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of adaptive response to oxidative stress GOC:TermGenie upregulation of adaptive response to oxidative stress GOC:TermGenie OBSOLETE. A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress. mah 2012-04-25T09:11:41Z regulation of adaptive response to oxidative stress by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter biological_process GO:1900427 This term was obsoleted because it represents a GO-CAM model. obsolete regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter true OBSOLETE. A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mah PMID:10348908 regulation of adaptive response to oxidative stress by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle by stopping, preventing, or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. dianna.fisk 2012-05-01T09:01:04Z biological_process GO:1900477 negative regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle by stopping, preventing, or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. GOC:TermGenie GOC:dgf PMID:19841732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving an acetate ester, any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid. bf 2012-05-16T12:29:51Z acetate ester metabolism acetyl ester metabolic process acetyl ester metabolism biological_process GO:1900619 acetate ester metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving an acetate ester, any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid. GOC:TermGenie acetate ester metabolism GOC:TermGenie acetyl ester metabolic process CHEBI:47622 acetyl ester metabolism CHEBI:47622 OBSOLETE. Calcium-mediated signaling that results in regulation of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. bf 2012-05-18T01:00:39Z regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter by calcium-mediated signaling biological_process regulation of gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by calcium-mediated signaling regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter by calcium-mediated signaling regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, global by calcium-mediated signaling GO:1900621 This term was obsoleted because it represents a GO-CAM model. obsolete regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by calcium-mediated signaling true OBSOLETE. Calcium-mediated signaling that results in regulation of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. GOC:BHF GOC:TermGenie regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter by calcium-mediated signaling GOC:TermGenie regulation of gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by calcium-mediated signaling GOC:TermGenie regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter by calcium-mediated signaling GOC:TermGenie regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, global by calcium-mediated signaling GOC:TermGenie Calcium-mediated signaling that results in positive regulation of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. bf 2012-05-18T01:01:04Z activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by calcium-mediated signaling positive regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter by calcium-mediated signaling stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by calcium-mediated signaling up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by calcium-mediated signaling up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by calcium-mediated signaling upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by calcium-mediated signaling calcineurin-dependent transcription activation calcineurin-dependent transcriptional induction calcineurin-mediated activation of transcription stimulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by calcium-mediated signaling biological_process activation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by calcium-mediated signaling positive regulation of gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by calcium-mediated signaling positive regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter by calcium-mediated signaling positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, global by calcium-mediated signaling up regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by calcium-mediated signaling up-regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by calcium-mediated signaling upregulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by calcium-mediated signaling GO:1900622 To be obsoleted, see https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/12739. However, need to capture the calcium-mediated signaling pathway that has part regulation of transcription. See PMID:9407035 and PMID:9407036. positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by calcium-mediated signaling Calcium-mediated signaling that results in positive regulation of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. GOC:BHF GOC:TermGenie GOC:bf GOC:dgf PMID:9407035 PMID:9407036 activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by calcium-mediated signaling GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter by calcium-mediated signaling GOC:TermGenie stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by calcium-mediated signaling GOC:TermGenie up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by calcium-mediated signaling GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by calcium-mediated signaling GOC:TermGenie upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by calcium-mediated signaling GOC:TermGenie calcineurin-dependent transcription activation PMID:9407036 calcineurin-dependent transcriptional induction PMID:9407035 calcineurin-mediated activation of transcription PMID:9407035 stimulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by calcium-mediated signaling GOC:TermGenie activation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by calcium-mediated signaling GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by calcium-mediated signaling GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter by calcium-mediated signaling GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, global by calcium-mediated signaling GOC:TermGenie up regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by calcium-mediated signaling GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by calcium-mediated signaling GOC:TermGenie upregulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by calcium-mediated signaling GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to reactive oxygen species. kmv 2012-06-20T07:47:06Z regulation of response to AOS regulation of response to ROI regulation of response to ROS regulation of response to active oxygen species regulation of response to reactive oxidative species regulation of response to reactive oxygen intermediate biological_process GO:1901031 regulation of response to reactive oxygen species Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to reactive oxygen species. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv regulation of response to AOS GOC:TermGenie regulation of response to ROI GOC:TermGenie regulation of response to ROS GOC:TermGenie regulation of response to active oxygen species GOC:TermGenie regulation of response to reactive oxidative species GOC:TermGenie regulation of response to reactive oxygen intermediate GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to reactive oxygen species. kmv 2012-06-20T07:47:28Z down regulation of response to AOS down regulation of response to ROI down regulation of response to ROS down regulation of response to active oxygen species down regulation of response to reactive oxidative species down regulation of response to reactive oxygen intermediate down regulation of response to reactive oxygen species down-regulation of response to AOS down-regulation of response to ROI down-regulation of response to ROS down-regulation of response to active oxygen species down-regulation of response to reactive oxidative species down-regulation of response to reactive oxygen intermediate down-regulation of response to reactive oxygen species downregulation of response to AOS downregulation of response to ROI downregulation of response to ROS downregulation of response to active oxygen species downregulation of response to reactive oxidative species downregulation of response to reactive oxygen intermediate downregulation of response to reactive oxygen species inhibition of response to AOS inhibition of response to ROI inhibition of response to ROS inhibition of response to active oxygen species inhibition of response to reactive oxidative species inhibition of response to reactive oxygen intermediate negative regulation of response to AOS negative regulation of response to ROI negative regulation of response to ROS negative regulation of response to active oxygen species negative regulation of response to reactive oxidative species negative regulation of response to reactive oxygen intermediate inhibition of response to reactive oxygen species biological_process GO:1901032 negative regulation of response to reactive oxygen species Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to reactive oxygen species. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv down regulation of response to AOS GOC:TermGenie down regulation of response to ROI GOC:TermGenie down regulation of response to ROS GOC:TermGenie down regulation of response to active oxygen species GOC:TermGenie down regulation of response to reactive oxidative species GOC:TermGenie down regulation of response to reactive oxygen intermediate GOC:TermGenie down regulation of response to reactive oxygen species GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of response to AOS GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of response to ROI GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of response to ROS GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of response to active oxygen species GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of response to reactive oxidative species GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of response to reactive oxygen intermediate GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of response to reactive oxygen species GOC:TermGenie downregulation of response to AOS GOC:TermGenie downregulation of response to ROI GOC:TermGenie downregulation of response to ROS GOC:TermGenie downregulation of response to active oxygen species GOC:TermGenie downregulation of response to reactive oxidative species GOC:TermGenie downregulation of response to reactive oxygen intermediate GOC:TermGenie downregulation of response to reactive oxygen species GOC:TermGenie inhibition of response to AOS GOC:TermGenie inhibition of response to ROI GOC:TermGenie inhibition of response to ROS GOC:TermGenie inhibition of response to active oxygen species GOC:TermGenie inhibition of response to reactive oxidative species GOC:TermGenie inhibition of response to reactive oxygen intermediate GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of response to AOS GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of response to ROI GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of response to ROS GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of response to active oxygen species GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of response to reactive oxidative species GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of response to reactive oxygen intermediate GOC:TermGenie inhibition of response to reactive oxygen species GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to reactive oxygen species. kmv 2012-06-20T07:47:35Z activation of response to AOS activation of response to ROI activation of response to ROS activation of response to active oxygen species activation of response to reactive oxidative species activation of response to reactive oxygen intermediate positive regulation of response to AOS positive regulation of response to ROI positive regulation of response to ROS positive regulation of response to active oxygen species positive regulation of response to reactive oxidative species positive regulation of response to reactive oxygen intermediate up regulation of response to AOS up regulation of response to ROI up regulation of response to ROS up regulation of response to active oxygen species up regulation of response to reactive oxidative species up regulation of response to reactive oxygen intermediate up regulation of response to reactive oxygen species up-regulation of response to AOS up-regulation of response to ROI up-regulation of response to ROS up-regulation of response to active oxygen species up-regulation of response to reactive oxidative species up-regulation of response to reactive oxygen intermediate up-regulation of response to reactive oxygen species upregulation of response to AOS upregulation of response to ROI upregulation of response to ROS upregulation of response to active oxygen species upregulation of response to reactive oxidative species upregulation of response to reactive oxygen intermediate upregulation of response to reactive oxygen species activation of response to reactive oxygen species biological_process GO:1901033 positive regulation of response to reactive oxygen species Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to reactive oxygen species. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv activation of response to AOS GOC:TermGenie activation of response to ROI GOC:TermGenie activation of response to ROS GOC:TermGenie activation of response to active oxygen species GOC:TermGenie activation of response to reactive oxidative species GOC:TermGenie activation of response to reactive oxygen intermediate GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of response to AOS GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of response to ROI GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of response to ROS GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of response to active oxygen species GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of response to reactive oxidative species GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of response to reactive oxygen intermediate GOC:TermGenie up regulation of response to AOS GOC:TermGenie up regulation of response to ROI GOC:TermGenie up regulation of response to ROS GOC:TermGenie up regulation of response to active oxygen species GOC:TermGenie up regulation of response to reactive oxidative species GOC:TermGenie up regulation of response to reactive oxygen intermediate GOC:TermGenie up regulation of response to reactive oxygen species GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of response to AOS GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of response to ROI GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of response to ROS GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of response to active oxygen species GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of response to reactive oxidative species GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of response to reactive oxygen intermediate GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of response to reactive oxygen species GOC:TermGenie upregulation of response to AOS GOC:TermGenie upregulation of response to ROI GOC:TermGenie upregulation of response to ROS GOC:TermGenie upregulation of response to active oxygen species GOC:TermGenie upregulation of response to reactive oxidative species GOC:TermGenie upregulation of response to reactive oxygen intermediate GOC:TermGenie upregulation of response to reactive oxygen species GOC:TermGenie activation of response to reactive oxygen species GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oviposition. kmv 2012-06-27T06:19:58Z down regulation of egg laying down regulation of egg-laying down-regulation of egg laying down-regulation of egg-laying downregulation of egg laying downregulation of egg-laying inhibition of egg laying inhibition of egg-laying negative regulation of egg laying negative regulation of egg-laying down regulation of oviposition down-regulation of oviposition downregulation of oviposition inhibition of oviposition biological_process GO:1901045 negative regulation of oviposition Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oviposition. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv down regulation of egg laying GOC:TermGenie down regulation of egg-laying GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of egg laying GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of egg-laying GOC:TermGenie downregulation of egg laying GOC:TermGenie downregulation of egg-laying GOC:TermGenie inhibition of egg laying GOC:TermGenie inhibition of egg-laying GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of egg laying GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of egg-laying GOC:TermGenie down regulation of oviposition GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of oviposition GOC:TermGenie downregulation of oviposition GOC:TermGenie inhibition of oviposition GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oviposition. kmv 2012-06-27T06:20:20Z activation of egg laying activation of egg-laying positive regulation of egg laying positive regulation of egg-laying up regulation of egg laying up regulation of egg-laying up-regulation of egg laying up-regulation of egg-laying upregulation of egg laying upregulation of egg-laying up regulation of oviposition up-regulation of oviposition upregulation of oviposition activation of oviposition biological_process GO:1901046 positive regulation of oviposition Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oviposition. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv activation of egg laying GOC:TermGenie activation of egg-laying GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of egg laying GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of egg-laying GOC:TermGenie up regulation of egg laying GOC:TermGenie up regulation of egg-laying GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of egg laying GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of egg-laying GOC:TermGenie upregulation of egg laying GOC:TermGenie upregulation of egg-laying GOC:TermGenie up regulation of oviposition GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of oviposition GOC:TermGenie upregulation of oviposition GOC:TermGenie activation of oviposition GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of engulfment of apoptotic cell. kmv 2012-07-02T07:32:21Z regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell corpse regulation of engulfment of cell corpse biological_process GO:1901074 regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of engulfment of apoptotic cell. GO:kmv GOC:TermGenie PMID:19402756 regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell corpse GOC:TermGenie regulation of engulfment of cell corpse GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of engulfment of apoptotic cell. kmv 2012-07-02T07:32:43Z down regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell down regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell corpse down regulation of engulfment of cell corpse down-regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell down-regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell corpse down-regulation of engulfment of cell corpse downregulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell downregulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell corpse downregulation of engulfment of cell corpse negative regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell corpse negative regulation of engulfment of cell corpse inhibition of engulfment of apoptotic cell inhibition of engulfment of apoptotic cell corpse inhibition of engulfment of cell corpse biological_process GO:1901075 negative regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of engulfment of apoptotic cell. GO:kmv GOC:TermGenie PMID:19402756 down regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell GOC:TermGenie down regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell corpse GOC:TermGenie down regulation of engulfment of cell corpse GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell corpse GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of engulfment of cell corpse GOC:TermGenie downregulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell GOC:TermGenie downregulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell corpse GOC:TermGenie downregulation of engulfment of cell corpse GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell corpse GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of engulfment of cell corpse GOC:TermGenie inhibition of engulfment of apoptotic cell GOC:TermGenie inhibition of engulfment of apoptotic cell corpse GOC:TermGenie inhibition of engulfment of cell corpse GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of engulfment of apoptotic cell. kmv 2012-07-02T07:32:51Z positive regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell corpse positive regulation of engulfment of cell corpse up regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell up regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell corpse up regulation of engulfment of cell corpse up-regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell up-regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell corpse up-regulation of engulfment of cell corpse upregulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell upregulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell corpse upregulation of engulfment of cell corpse activation of engulfment of apoptotic cell activation of engulfment of apoptotic cell corpse activation of engulfment of cell corpse biological_process GO:1901076 positive regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of engulfment of apoptotic cell. GO:kmv GOC:TermGenie PMID:19402756 positive regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell corpse GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of engulfment of cell corpse GOC:TermGenie up regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell GOC:TermGenie up regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell corpse GOC:TermGenie up regulation of engulfment of cell corpse GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell corpse GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of engulfment of cell corpse GOC:TermGenie upregulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell GOC:TermGenie upregulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell corpse GOC:TermGenie upregulation of engulfment of cell corpse GOC:TermGenie activation of engulfment of apoptotic cell GOC:TermGenie activation of engulfment of apoptotic cell corpse GOC:TermGenie activation of engulfment of cell corpse GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways involving primary amino compound. bf 2012-07-18T04:44:39Z primary amino compound metabolism biological_process GO:1901160 primary amino compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving primary amino compound. GOC:TermGenie primary amino compound metabolism GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of primary amino compound. bf 2012-07-18T04:45:06Z primary amino compound breakdown primary amino compound catabolism primary amino compound degradation biological_process GO:1901161 primary amino compound catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of primary amino compound. GOC:TermGenie primary amino compound breakdown GOC:TermGenie primary amino compound catabolism GOC:TermGenie primary amino compound degradation GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of primary amino compound. bf 2012-07-18T04:45:14Z primary amino compound anabolism primary amino compound biosynthesis primary amino compound formation primary amino compound synthesis biological_process GO:1901162 primary amino compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of primary amino compound. GOC:TermGenie primary amino compound anabolism GOC:TermGenie primary amino compound biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie primary amino compound formation GOC:TermGenie primary amino compound synthesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death. rph 2012-08-02T09:57:41Z regulation of neuron cell death regulation of neuronal cell death biological_process GO:1901214 regulation of neuron death Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death. GOC:TermGenie GOC:rph regulation of neuron cell death GOC:TermGenie regulation of neuronal cell death GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death. rph 2012-08-02T09:58:07Z down regulation of neuron cell death down regulation of neuron death down regulation of neuronal cell death down-regulation of neuron cell death down-regulation of neuron death down-regulation of neuronal cell death downregulation of neuron cell death downregulation of neuron death downregulation of neuronal cell death negative regulation of neuron cell death negative regulation of neuronal cell death inhibition of neuron cell death inhibition of neuron death inhibition of neuronal cell death biological_process GO:1901215 negative regulation of neuron death Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death. GOC:TermGenie GOC:rph down regulation of neuron cell death GOC:TermGenie down regulation of neuron death GOC:TermGenie down regulation of neuronal cell death GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of neuron cell death GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of neuron death GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of neuronal cell death GOC:TermGenie downregulation of neuron cell death GOC:TermGenie downregulation of neuron death GOC:TermGenie downregulation of neuronal cell death GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of neuron cell death GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of neuronal cell death GOC:TermGenie inhibition of neuron cell death GOC:TermGenie inhibition of neuron death GOC:TermGenie inhibition of neuronal cell death GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death. rph 2012-08-02T09:58:15Z positive regulation of neuron cell death positive regulation of neuronal cell death up regulation of neuron cell death up regulation of neuron death up regulation of neuronal cell death up-regulation of neuron cell death up-regulation of neuron death up-regulation of neuronal cell death upregulation of neuron cell death upregulation of neuron death upregulation of neuronal cell death activation of neuron cell death activation of neuron death activation of neuronal cell death biological_process GO:1901216 positive regulation of neuron death Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death. GOC:TermGenie GOC:rph positive regulation of neuron cell death GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of neuronal cell death GOC:TermGenie up regulation of neuron cell death GOC:TermGenie up regulation of neuron death GOC:TermGenie up regulation of neuronal cell death GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of neuron cell death GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of neuron death GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of neuronal cell death GOC:TermGenie upregulation of neuron cell death GOC:TermGenie upregulation of neuron death GOC:TermGenie upregulation of neuronal cell death GOC:TermGenie activation of neuron cell death GOC:TermGenie activation of neuron death GOC:TermGenie activation of neuronal cell death GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic cyclic compound. bf 2012-09-14T09:03:51Z organic cyclic compound metabolism biological_process GO:1901360 organic cyclic compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic cyclic compound. GOC:TermGenie organic cyclic compound metabolism GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic cyclic compound. bf 2012-09-14T09:05:04Z organic cyclic compound breakdown organic cyclic compound catabolism organic cyclic compound degradation biological_process GO:1901361 organic cyclic compound catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic cyclic compound. GOC:TermGenie organic cyclic compound breakdown GOC:TermGenie organic cyclic compound catabolism GOC:TermGenie organic cyclic compound degradation GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic cyclic compound. bf 2012-09-14T09:05:22Z organic cyclic compound anabolism organic cyclic compound biosynthesis organic cyclic compound formation organic cyclic compound synthesis biological_process GO:1901362 organic cyclic compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic cyclic compound. GOC:TermGenie organic cyclic compound anabolism GOC:TermGenie organic cyclic compound biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie organic cyclic compound formation GOC:TermGenie organic cyclic compound synthesis GOC:TermGenie Interacting selectively and non-covalently with heterocyclic compound. bf 2012-09-14T13:53:50Z molecular_function GO:1901363 heterocyclic compound binding Interacting selectively and non-covalently with heterocyclic compound. GOC:TermGenie Any positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus. al 2012-10-19T08:25:05Z positive regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus stimulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus biological_process activation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus positive regulation of gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus positive regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus up regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus up-regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus upregulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus GO:1901522 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus Any positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus. GOC:TermGenie PMID:22840777 positive regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus GOC:TermGenie stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus GOC:TermGenie up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus GOC:TermGenie upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus GOC:TermGenie activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus GOC:TermGenie stimulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus GOC:TermGenie activation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus GOC:TermGenie up regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus GOC:TermGenie upregulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macromitophagy. krc 2012-10-22T16:56:45Z regulation of macromitophagy biological_process GO:1901524 regulation of mitophagy Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macromitophagy. GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitophagy. krc 2012-10-22T16:56:49Z down regulation of macromitophagy down-regulation of macromitophagy downregulation of macromitophagy negative regulation of macromitophagy inhibition of macromitophagy biological_process GO:1901525 negative regulation of mitophagy Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitophagy. GOC:TermGenie down regulation of macromitophagy GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of macromitophagy GOC:TermGenie downregulation of macromitophagy GOC:TermGenie inhibition of macromitophagy GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitophagy. krc 2012-10-22T16:56:57Z positive regulation of macromitophagy up regulation of macromitophagy up-regulation of macromitophagy upregulation of macromitophagy activation of macromitophagy biological_process GO:1901526 positive regulation of mitophagy Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitophagy. GOC:TermGenie up regulation of macromitophagy GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of macromitophagy GOC:TermGenie upregulation of macromitophagy GOC:TermGenie activation of macromitophagy GOC:TermGenie Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hypochlorite stimulus. pr 2012-10-24T07:12:21Z biological_process GO:1901530 response to hypochlorite Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hypochlorite stimulus. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr PMID:22223481 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a benomyl stimulus. mah 2012-11-02T15:32:33Z biological_process GO:1901561 response to benomyl Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a benomyl stimulus. GOC:TermGenie Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a paraquat stimulus. mah 2012-11-02T15:32:41Z biological_process GO:1901562 response to paraquat Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a paraquat stimulus. GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways involving organonitrogen compound. pr 2012-11-04T15:17:52Z organonitrogen compound metabolism biological_process GO:1901564 organonitrogen compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving organonitrogen compound. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr organonitrogen compound metabolism GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organonitrogen compound. pr 2012-11-04T15:17:56Z organonitrogen compound breakdown organonitrogen compound catabolism organonitrogen compound degradation biological_process GO:1901565 organonitrogen compound catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organonitrogen compound. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr organonitrogen compound breakdown GOC:TermGenie organonitrogen compound catabolism GOC:TermGenie organonitrogen compound degradation GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organonitrogen compound. pr 2012-11-04T15:18:00Z organonitrogen compound anabolism organonitrogen compound biosynthesis organonitrogen compound formation organonitrogen compound synthesis biological_process GO:1901566 organonitrogen compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organonitrogen compound. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr organonitrogen compound anabolism GOC:TermGenie organonitrogen compound biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie organonitrogen compound formation GOC:TermGenie organonitrogen compound synthesis GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. pr 2012-11-05T11:04:36Z organic molecular entity breakdown organic molecular entity catabolic process organic molecular entity catabolism organic molecular entity degradation organic substance breakdown organic substance catabolism organic substance degradation biological_process GO:1901575 organic substance catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr organic molecular entity breakdown GOC:TermGenie organic molecular entity catabolism GOC:TermGenie organic molecular entity degradation GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. pr 2012-11-05T11:04:40Z organic molecular entity anabolism organic molecular entity biosynthesis organic molecular entity biosynthetic process organic molecular entity formation organic molecular entity synthesis organic substance anabolism organic substance biosynthesis organic substance formation organic substance synthesis biological_process GO:1901576 organic substance biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr organic molecular entity anabolism GOC:TermGenie organic molecular entity biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie organic molecular entity formation GOC:TermGenie organic molecular entity synthesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle transport along microtubule. hjd 2012-11-08T21:49:44Z regulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization biological_process GO:1901608 regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle transport along microtubule. GOC:TermGenie regulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle transport along microtubule. hjd 2012-11-08T21:49:48Z down regulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization down regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule down-regulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization down-regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule downregulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization downregulation of vesicle transport along microtubule inhibition of microtubule-based vesicle localization negative regulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization inhibition of vesicle transport along microtubule biological_process GO:1901609 negative regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle transport along microtubule. GOC:TermGenie down regulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization GOC:TermGenie down regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule GOC:TermGenie downregulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization GOC:TermGenie downregulation of vesicle transport along microtubule GOC:TermGenie inhibition of microtubule-based vesicle localization GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization GOC:TermGenie inhibition of vesicle transport along microtubule GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle transport along microtubule. hjd 2012-11-08T21:49:53Z activation of microtubule-based vesicle localization positive regulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization up regulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization up regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule up-regulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization up-regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule upregulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization upregulation of vesicle transport along microtubule activation of vesicle transport along microtubule biological_process GO:1901610 positive regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle transport along microtubule. GOC:TermGenie activation of microtubule-based vesicle localization GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization GOC:TermGenie up regulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization GOC:TermGenie up regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule GOC:TermGenie upregulation of microtubule-based vesicle localization GOC:TermGenie upregulation of vesicle transport along microtubule GOC:TermGenie activation of vesicle transport along microtubule GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic hydroxy compound. pr 2012-11-13T12:54:27Z organic hydroxy compound metabolism biological_process GO:1901615 organic hydroxy compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic hydroxy compound. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr organic hydroxy compound metabolism GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic hydroxy compound. pr 2012-11-13T12:54:31Z organic hydroxy compound breakdown organic hydroxy compound catabolism organic hydroxy compound degradation biological_process GO:1901616 organic hydroxy compound catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic hydroxy compound. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr organic hydroxy compound breakdown GOC:TermGenie organic hydroxy compound catabolism GOC:TermGenie organic hydroxy compound degradation GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic hydroxy compound. pr 2012-11-13T12:54:36Z organic hydroxy compound anabolism organic hydroxy compound biosynthesis organic hydroxy compound formation organic hydroxy compound synthesis biological_process GO:1901617 organic hydroxy compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic hydroxy compound. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr organic hydroxy compound anabolism GOC:TermGenie organic hydroxy compound biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie organic hydroxy compound formation GOC:TermGenie organic hydroxy compound synthesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle assembly. al 2012-11-22T09:50:00Z regulation of spindle assembly involved in mitosis biological_process GO:1901673 regulation of mitotic spindle assembly Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle assembly. GOC:TermGenie Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrogen compound stimulus. pr 2012-12-13T15:06:08Z response to nitrogen molecular entity biological_process GO:1901698 response to nitrogen compound Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrogen compound stimulus. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxygen-containing compound stimulus. pr 2012-12-13T15:11:37Z response to oxygen molecular entity biological_process GO:1901700 response to oxygen-containing compound Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxygen-containing compound stimulus. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process. yaf 2013-02-01T10:05:04Z regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism regulation of mtDNA metabolic process regulation of mtDNA metabolism biological_process GO:1901858 regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process. GOC:TermGenie GOC:yaf PMID:23150719 regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie regulation of mtDNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie regulation of mtDNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process. yaf 2013-02-01T10:05:09Z down regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process down regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism down regulation of mtDNA metabolic process down regulation of mtDNA metabolism down-regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process down-regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism down-regulation of mtDNA metabolic process down-regulation of mtDNA metabolism downregulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process downregulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism downregulation of mtDNA metabolic process downregulation of mtDNA metabolism inhibition of mitochondrial DNA metabolism inhibition of mtDNA metabolic process inhibition of mtDNA metabolism negative regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism negative regulation of mtDNA metabolic process negative regulation of mtDNA metabolism inhibition of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process biological_process GO:1901859 negative regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process. GOC:TermGenie GOC:yaf PMID:23150719 down regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie down regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie down regulation of mtDNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie down regulation of mtDNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of mtDNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of mtDNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie downregulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie downregulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie downregulation of mtDNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie downregulation of mtDNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie inhibition of mitochondrial DNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie inhibition of mtDNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie inhibition of mtDNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of mtDNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of mtDNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie inhibition of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process. yaf 2013-02-01T10:05:14Z activation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism activation of mtDNA metabolic process activation of mtDNA metabolism positive regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism positive regulation of mtDNA metabolic process positive regulation of mtDNA metabolism up regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process up regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism up regulation of mtDNA metabolic process up regulation of mtDNA metabolism up-regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process up-regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism up-regulation of mtDNA metabolic process up-regulation of mtDNA metabolism upregulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process upregulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism upregulation of mtDNA metabolic process upregulation of mtDNA metabolism activation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process biological_process GO:1901860 positive regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process. GOC:TermGenie GOC:yaf PMID:23150719 activation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie activation of mtDNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie activation of mtDNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of mtDNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of mtDNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie up regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie up regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie up regulation of mtDNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie up regulation of mtDNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of mtDNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of mtDNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie upregulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie upregulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie upregulation of mtDNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie upregulation of mtDNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie activation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein depolymerization. rl 2013-02-06T13:57:23Z regulation of protein polymer breakdown regulation of protein polymer catabolic process regulation of protein polymer catabolism regulation of protein polymer degradation biological_process GO:1901879 regulation of protein depolymerization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein depolymerization. GOC:BHF GOC:TermGenie GOC:rl PMID:12032137 regulation of protein polymer breakdown GOC:TermGenie regulation of protein polymer catabolic process GOC:TermGenie regulation of protein polymer catabolism GOC:TermGenie regulation of protein polymer degradation GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein depolymerization. rl 2013-02-06T13:57:28Z down regulation of protein depolymerization down regulation of protein polymer breakdown down regulation of protein polymer catabolic process down regulation of protein polymer catabolism down regulation of protein polymer degradation down-regulation of protein depolymerization down-regulation of protein polymer breakdown down-regulation of protein polymer catabolic process down-regulation of protein polymer catabolism down-regulation of protein polymer degradation downregulation of protein depolymerization downregulation of protein polymer breakdown downregulation of protein polymer catabolic process downregulation of protein polymer catabolism downregulation of protein polymer degradation inhibition of protein polymer breakdown inhibition of protein polymer catabolic process inhibition of protein polymer catabolism inhibition of protein polymer degradation negative regulation of protein polymer breakdown negative regulation of protein polymer catabolic process negative regulation of protein polymer catabolism negative regulation of protein polymer degradation inhibition of protein depolymerization biological_process GO:1901880 negative regulation of protein depolymerization Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein depolymerization. GOC:BHF GOC:TermGenie GOC:rl PMID:12032137 down regulation of protein depolymerization GOC:TermGenie down regulation of protein polymer breakdown GOC:TermGenie down regulation of protein polymer catabolic process GOC:TermGenie down regulation of protein polymer catabolism GOC:TermGenie down regulation of protein polymer degradation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of protein depolymerization GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of protein polymer breakdown GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of protein polymer catabolic process GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of protein polymer catabolism GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of protein polymer degradation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of protein depolymerization GOC:TermGenie downregulation of protein polymer breakdown GOC:TermGenie downregulation of protein polymer catabolic process GOC:TermGenie downregulation of protein polymer catabolism GOC:TermGenie downregulation of protein polymer degradation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of protein polymer breakdown GOC:TermGenie inhibition of protein polymer catabolic process GOC:TermGenie inhibition of protein polymer catabolism GOC:TermGenie inhibition of protein polymer degradation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of protein polymer breakdown GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of protein polymer catabolic process GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of protein polymer catabolism GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of protein polymer degradation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of protein depolymerization GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein depolymerization. rl 2013-02-06T13:57:32Z activation of protein polymer breakdown activation of protein polymer catabolic process activation of protein polymer catabolism activation of protein polymer degradation positive regulation of protein polymer breakdown positive regulation of protein polymer catabolic process positive regulation of protein polymer catabolism positive regulation of protein polymer degradation up regulation of protein depolymerization up regulation of protein polymer breakdown up regulation of protein polymer catabolic process up regulation of protein polymer catabolism up regulation of protein polymer degradation up-regulation of protein depolymerization up-regulation of protein polymer breakdown up-regulation of protein polymer catabolic process up-regulation of protein polymer catabolism up-regulation of protein polymer degradation upregulation of protein depolymerization upregulation of protein polymer breakdown upregulation of protein polymer catabolic process upregulation of protein polymer catabolism upregulation of protein polymer degradation activation of protein depolymerization biological_process GO:1901881 positive regulation of protein depolymerization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein depolymerization. GOC:BHF GOC:TermGenie GOC:rl PMID:12032137 activation of protein polymer breakdown GOC:TermGenie activation of protein polymer catabolic process GOC:TermGenie activation of protein polymer catabolism GOC:TermGenie activation of protein polymer degradation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of protein polymer breakdown GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of protein polymer catabolic process GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of protein polymer catabolism GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of protein polymer degradation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of protein depolymerization GOC:TermGenie up regulation of protein polymer breakdown GOC:TermGenie up regulation of protein polymer catabolic process GOC:TermGenie up regulation of protein polymer catabolism GOC:TermGenie up regulation of protein polymer degradation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of protein depolymerization GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of protein polymer breakdown GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of protein polymer catabolic process GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of protein polymer catabolism GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of protein polymer degradation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of protein depolymerization GOC:TermGenie upregulation of protein polymer breakdown GOC:TermGenie upregulation of protein polymer catabolic process GOC:TermGenie upregulation of protein polymer catabolism GOC:TermGenie upregulation of protein polymer degradation GOC:TermGenie activation of protein depolymerization GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic sister chromatid separation. al 2013-02-22T19:06:19Z activation of mitotic sister chromatid resolution activation of sister chromatid separation during mitosis positive regulation of mitotic sister chromatid resolution positive regulation of sister chromatid separation during mitosis up regulation of mitotic sister chromatid resolution up regulation of mitotic sister chromatid separation up regulation of sister chromatid separation during mitosis up-regulation of mitotic sister chromatid resolution up-regulation of mitotic sister chromatid separation up-regulation of sister chromatid separation during mitosis upregulation of mitotic sister chromatid resolution upregulation of mitotic sister chromatid separation upregulation of sister chromatid separation during mitosis activation of mitotic sister chromatid separation biological_process activation of chromosome separation during mitosis activation of mitotic chromosome separation positive regulation of chromosome separation during mitosis positive regulation of mitotic chromosome separation up regulation of chromosome separation during mitosis up regulation of mitotic chromosome separation up-regulation of chromosome separation during mitosis up-regulation of mitotic chromosome separation upregulation of chromosome separation during mitosis upregulation of mitotic chromosome separation GO:1901970 positive regulation of mitotic sister chromatid separation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic sister chromatid separation. GOC:TermGenie PMID:1846086 activation of mitotic sister chromatid resolution GOC:TermGenie activation of sister chromatid separation during mitosis GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of mitotic sister chromatid resolution GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of sister chromatid separation during mitosis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of mitotic sister chromatid resolution GOC:TermGenie up regulation of mitotic sister chromatid separation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of sister chromatid separation during mitosis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of mitotic sister chromatid resolution GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of mitotic sister chromatid separation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of sister chromatid separation during mitosis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of mitotic sister chromatid resolution GOC:TermGenie upregulation of mitotic sister chromatid separation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of sister chromatid separation during mitosis GOC:TermGenie activation of mitotic sister chromatid separation GOC:TermGenie activation of chromosome separation during mitosis GOC:TermGenie activation of mitotic chromosome separation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of chromosome separation during mitosis GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of mitotic chromosome separation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of chromosome separation during mitosis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of mitotic chromosome separation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of chromosome separation during mitosis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of mitotic chromosome separation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of chromosome separation during mitosis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of mitotic chromosome separation GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle checkpoint. jl 2013-03-06T15:10:20Z GO:2001047 biological_process regulation of G1/S checkpoint regulation of G1/S transition checkpoint GO:1901976 Note that this term should not be used for direct manual annotation as it should always be possible to specify the type of checkpoint (i.e mitotic spindle or DNA damage etc). regulation of cell cycle checkpoint Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle checkpoint. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cell_cycle PMID:23028116 regulation of G1/S checkpoint GOC:obol Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle checkpoint. jl 2013-03-06T15:10:29Z GO:2001048 down regulation of cell cycle checkpoint down-regulation of cell cycle checkpoint downregulation of cell cycle checkpoint inhibition of cell cycle checkpoint biological_process negative regulation of G1/S checkpoint negative regulation of G1/S transition checkpoint GO:1901977 Note that this term should not be used for direct manual annotation as it should always be possible to specify the type of checkpoint (i.e mitotic spindle or DNA damage etc). negative regulation of cell cycle checkpoint Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle checkpoint. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cell_cycle PMID:23028116 down regulation of cell cycle checkpoint GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cell cycle checkpoint GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cell cycle checkpoint GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cell cycle checkpoint GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of G1/S checkpoint GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle checkpoint. jl 2013-03-06T15:10:34Z GO:2001052 up regulation of cell cycle checkpoint up-regulation of cell cycle checkpoint upregulation of cell cycle checkpoint activation of cell cycle checkpoint biological_process positive regulation of G1/S checkpoint positive regulation of G1/S transition checkpoint GO:1901978 positive regulation of cell cycle checkpoint Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle checkpoint. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cell_cycle PMID:23028116 up regulation of cell cycle checkpoint GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cell cycle checkpoint GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cell cycle checkpoint GOC:TermGenie activation of cell cycle checkpoint GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of G1/S checkpoint GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle phase transition. jl 2013-03-19T16:11:27Z cell cycle control regulation of cell cycle transition biological_process GO:1901987 regulation of cell cycle phase transition Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle phase transition. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cell_cycle PMID:22841721 cell cycle control GOC:vw regulation of cell cycle transition GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle phase transition. jl 2013-03-19T16:11:32Z down regulation of cell cycle phase transition down regulation of cell cycle transition down-regulation of cell cycle phase transition down-regulation of cell cycle transition downregulation of cell cycle phase transition downregulation of cell cycle transition inhibition of cell cycle transition negative regulation of cell cycle transition inhibition of cell cycle phase transition biological_process GO:1901988 negative regulation of cell cycle phase transition Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle phase transition. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cell_cycle PMID:22841721 down regulation of cell cycle phase transition GOC:TermGenie down regulation of cell cycle transition GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cell cycle phase transition GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cell cycle transition GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cell cycle phase transition GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cell cycle transition GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cell cycle transition GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of cell cycle transition GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cell cycle phase transition GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle phase transition. jl 2013-03-19T16:11:37Z activation of cell cycle transition positive regulation of cell cycle transition up regulation of cell cycle phase transition up regulation of cell cycle transition up-regulation of cell cycle phase transition up-regulation of cell cycle transition upregulation of cell cycle phase transition upregulation of cell cycle transition activation of cell cycle phase transition biological_process GO:1901989 positive regulation of cell cycle phase transition Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle phase transition. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cell_cycle PMID:22841721 activation of cell cycle transition GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of cell cycle transition GOC:TermGenie up regulation of cell cycle phase transition GOC:TermGenie up regulation of cell cycle transition GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cell cycle phase transition GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cell cycle transition GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cell cycle phase transition GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cell cycle transition GOC:TermGenie activation of cell cycle phase transition GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cell cycle phase transition. jl 2013-03-19T16:14:38Z mitotic cell cycle control biological_process GO:1901990 regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cell cycle phase transition. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cell_cycle PMID:22841721 mitotic cell cycle control GOC:vw Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cell cycle phase transition. jl 2013-03-19T16:14:46Z down regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition down-regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition downregulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition inhibition of mitotic cell cycle phase transition biological_process GO:1901991 negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cell cycle phase transition. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cell_cycle PMID:22841721 down regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition GOC:TermGenie downregulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition GOC:TermGenie inhibition of mitotic cell cycle phase transition GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cell cycle phase transition. jl 2013-03-19T16:14:51Z up regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition up-regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition upregulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition activation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition biological_process GO:1901992 positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cell cycle phase transition. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cell_cycle PMID:22841721 up regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition GOC:TermGenie upregulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition GOC:TermGenie activation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle phase transition. jl 2013-03-19T16:14:58Z regulation of cell cycle transition meiotic cell cycle control biological_process GO:1901993 regulation of meiotic cell cycle phase transition Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle phase transition. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cell_cycle PMID:22841721 regulation of cell cycle transition GOC:TermGenie meiotic cell cycle control GOC:vw Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle phase transition. jl 2013-03-19T16:15:03Z down regulation of cell cycle transition down-regulation of cell cycle transition downregulation of cell cycle transition inhibition of cell cycle transition negative regulation of cell cycle transition down regulation of meiotic cell cycle phase transition down-regulation of meiotic cell cycle phase transition downregulation of meiotic cell cycle phase transition inhibition of meiotic cell cycle phase transition biological_process GO:1901994 negative regulation of meiotic cell cycle phase transition Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle phase transition. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cell_cycle PMID:22841721 down regulation of cell cycle transition GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cell cycle transition GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cell cycle transition GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cell cycle transition GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of cell cycle transition GOC:TermGenie down regulation of meiotic cell cycle phase transition GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of meiotic cell cycle phase transition GOC:TermGenie downregulation of meiotic cell cycle phase transition GOC:TermGenie inhibition of meiotic cell cycle phase transition GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle phase transition. jl 2013-03-19T16:15:08Z activation of cell cycle transition positive regulation of cell cycle transition up regulation of cell cycle transition up-regulation of cell cycle transition upregulation of cell cycle transition up regulation of meiotic cell cycle phase transition up-regulation of meiotic cell cycle phase transition upregulation of meiotic cell cycle phase transition activation of meiotic cell cycle phase transition biological_process GO:1901995 positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle phase transition Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle phase transition. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cell_cycle PMID:22841721 activation of cell cycle transition GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of cell cycle transition GOC:TermGenie up regulation of cell cycle transition GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cell cycle transition GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cell cycle transition GOC:TermGenie up regulation of meiotic cell cycle phase transition GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of meiotic cell cycle phase transition GOC:TermGenie upregulation of meiotic cell cycle phase transition GOC:TermGenie activation of meiotic cell cycle phase transition GOC:TermGenie Any regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in spermatogenesis. kmv 2013-04-16T20:27:18Z regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter involved in generation of spermatozoa regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter involved in spermatogenesis regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in generation of spermatozoa biological_process global transcription regulation from Pol II promoter involved in generation of spermatozoa global transcription regulation from Pol II promoter involved in spermatogenesis regulation of gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in generation of spermatozoa regulation of gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in spermatogenesis regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter involved in generation of spermatozoa regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter involved in spermatogenesis regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, global involved in generation of spermatozoa regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, global involved in spermatogenesis GO:1902064 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in spermatogenesis Any regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in spermatogenesis. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv PMID:22570621 regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter involved in generation of spermatozoa GOC:TermGenie regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter involved in spermatogenesis GOC:TermGenie regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in generation of spermatozoa GOC:TermGenie global transcription regulation from Pol II promoter involved in generation of spermatozoa GOC:TermGenie global transcription regulation from Pol II promoter involved in spermatogenesis GOC:TermGenie regulation of gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in generation of spermatozoa GOC:TermGenie regulation of gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in spermatogenesis GOC:TermGenie regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter involved in generation of spermatozoa GOC:TermGenie regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter involved in spermatogenesis GOC:TermGenie regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, global involved in generation of spermatozoa GOC:TermGenie regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, global involved in spermatogenesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle. jl 2013-05-02T12:45:15Z biological_process GO:1902099 regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cell_cycle Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle. jl 2013-05-02T12:45:20Z down regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle down-regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle downregulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle inhibition of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle biological_process GO:1902100 negative regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cell_cycle down regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle GOC:TermGenie downregulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle GOC:TermGenie inhibition of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle. jl 2013-05-02T12:45:30Z up regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle up-regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle upregulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle activation of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle biological_process GO:1902101 positive regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cell_cycle up regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle GOC:TermGenie upregulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle GOC:TermGenie activation of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle. jl 2013-05-02T12:45:38Z regulation of meiotic metaphase/anaphase transition biological_process GO:1902102 regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cell_cycle regulation of meiotic metaphase/anaphase transition GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle. jl 2013-05-02T12:45:43Z down regulation of meiotic metaphase/anaphase transition down regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle down-regulation of meiotic metaphase/anaphase transition down-regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle downregulation of meiotic metaphase/anaphase transition downregulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle inhibition of meiotic metaphase/anaphase transition negative regulation of meiotic metaphase/anaphase transition inhibition of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle biological_process GO:1902103 negative regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cell_cycle down regulation of meiotic metaphase/anaphase transition GOC:TermGenie down regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of meiotic metaphase/anaphase transition GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie downregulation of meiotic metaphase/anaphase transition GOC:TermGenie downregulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie inhibition of meiotic metaphase/anaphase transition GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of meiotic metaphase/anaphase transition GOC:TermGenie inhibition of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle. jl 2013-05-02T12:45:48Z activation of meiotic metaphase/anaphase transition positive regulation of meiotic metaphase/anaphase transition up regulation of meiotic metaphase/anaphase transition up regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle up-regulation of meiotic metaphase/anaphase transition up-regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle upregulation of meiotic metaphase/anaphase transition upregulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle activation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle biological_process GO:1902104 positive regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cell_cycle activation of meiotic metaphase/anaphase transition GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of meiotic metaphase/anaphase transition GOC:TermGenie up regulation of meiotic metaphase/anaphase transition GOC:TermGenie up regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of meiotic metaphase/anaphase transition GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie upregulation of meiotic metaphase/anaphase transition GOC:TermGenie upregulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie activation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of organelle assembly. pr 2013-05-14T09:43:21Z biological_process GO:1902115 regulation of organelle assembly Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of organelle assembly. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of organelle assembly. pr 2013-05-14T09:43:31Z down regulation of organelle assembly down-regulation of organelle assembly downregulation of organelle assembly inhibition of organelle assembly biological_process GO:1902116 negative regulation of organelle assembly Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of organelle assembly. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr down regulation of organelle assembly GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of organelle assembly GOC:TermGenie downregulation of organelle assembly GOC:TermGenie inhibition of organelle assembly GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of organelle assembly. pr 2013-05-14T09:43:36Z up regulation of organelle assembly up-regulation of organelle assembly upregulation of organelle assembly activation of organelle assembly biological_process GO:1902117 positive regulation of organelle assembly Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of organelle assembly. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr up regulation of organelle assembly GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of organelle assembly GOC:TermGenie upregulation of organelle assembly GOC:TermGenie activation of organelle assembly GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic spindle elongation. al 2013-05-15T15:15:48Z regulation of spindle elongation during meiosis biological_process GO:1902119 regulation of meiotic spindle elongation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic spindle elongation. GOC:TermGenie PMID:23370392 regulation of spindle elongation during meiosis GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic spindle elongation. al 2013-05-15T15:15:53Z down regulation of meiotic spindle elongation down regulation of spindle elongation during meiosis down-regulation of meiotic spindle elongation down-regulation of spindle elongation during meiosis downregulation of meiotic spindle elongation downregulation of spindle elongation during meiosis inhibition of spindle elongation during meiosis negative regulation of spindle elongation during meiosis inhibition of meiotic spindle elongation biological_process GO:1902120 negative regulation of meiotic spindle elongation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic spindle elongation. GOC:TermGenie PMID:23370392 down regulation of meiotic spindle elongation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of spindle elongation during meiosis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of meiotic spindle elongation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of spindle elongation during meiosis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of meiotic spindle elongation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of spindle elongation during meiosis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of spindle elongation during meiosis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of spindle elongation during meiosis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of meiotic spindle elongation GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage. rl 2013-06-14T09:39:52Z biological_process regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis GO:1902229 regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage. GOC:BHF GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_apoptosis GOC:rl PMID:15314165 regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage. rl 2013-06-14T09:39:58Z down regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage down-regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage downregulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage inhibition of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage biological_process down regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis down-regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis downregulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis inhibition of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis GO:1902230 negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage. GOC:BHF GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_apoptosis GOC:rl PMID:15314165 down regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage GOC:TermGenie downregulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage GOC:TermGenie inhibition of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage GOC:TermGenie down regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage. rl 2013-06-14T09:40:03Z up regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage up-regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage upregulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage activation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage biological_process activation of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis positive regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis up regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis up-regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis upregulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis GO:1902231 positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage. GOC:BHF GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_apoptosis GOC:rl PMID:15314165 up regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage GOC:TermGenie upregulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage GOC:TermGenie activation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage GOC:TermGenie activation of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis GOC:TermGenie Any neuron projection extension that is involved in neuron projection guidance. pr 2013-07-08T15:55:17Z neuron process extension involved in neuron process guidance neuron process extension involved in neuron projection guidance neuron process extension involved in neuron protrusion guidance neuron process extension involved in neuronal cell projection guidance neuron projection extension involved in neuron process guidance neuron projection extension involved in neuron protrusion guidance neuron projection extension involved in neuronal cell projection guidance neuron protrusion extension involved in neuron process guidance neuron protrusion extension involved in neuron projection guidance neuron protrusion extension involved in neuron protrusion guidance neuron protrusion extension involved in neuronal cell projection guidance neuronal cell projection extension involved in neuron process guidance neuronal cell projection extension involved in neuron projection guidance neuronal cell projection extension involved in neuron protrusion guidance neuronal cell projection extension involved in neuronal cell projection guidance neurite extension involved in neurite guidance neurite extension involved in neuron process guidance neurite extension involved in neuron projection guidance neurite extension involved in neuron protrusion guidance neurite extension involved in neuronal cell projection guidance neuron process extension involved in neurite guidance neuron projection extension involved in neurite guidance neuron protrusion extension involved in neurite guidance neuronal cell projection extension involved in neurite guidance biological_process GO:1902284 neuron projection extension involved in neuron projection guidance Any neuron projection extension that is involved in neuron projection guidance. GOC:BHF GOC:TermGenie GOC:rl PMID:22790009 neuron process extension involved in neuron process guidance GOC:TermGenie neuron process extension involved in neuron projection guidance GOC:TermGenie neuron process extension involved in neuron protrusion guidance GOC:TermGenie neuron process extension involved in neuronal cell projection guidance GOC:TermGenie neuron projection extension involved in neuron process guidance GOC:TermGenie neuron projection extension involved in neuron protrusion guidance GOC:TermGenie neuron projection extension involved in neuronal cell projection guidance GOC:TermGenie neuron protrusion extension involved in neuron process guidance GOC:TermGenie neuron protrusion extension involved in neuron projection guidance GOC:TermGenie neuron protrusion extension involved in neuron protrusion guidance GOC:TermGenie neuron protrusion extension involved in neuronal cell projection guidance GOC:TermGenie neuronal cell projection extension involved in neuron process guidance GOC:TermGenie neuronal cell projection extension involved in neuron projection guidance GOC:TermGenie neuronal cell projection extension involved in neuron protrusion guidance GOC:TermGenie neuronal cell projection extension involved in neuronal cell projection guidance GOC:TermGenie neurite extension involved in neurite guidance GOC:TermGenie neurite extension involved in neuron process guidance GOC:TermGenie neurite extension involved in neuron projection guidance GOC:TermGenie neurite extension involved in neuron protrusion guidance GOC:TermGenie neurite extension involved in neuronal cell projection guidance GOC:TermGenie neuron process extension involved in neurite guidance GOC:TermGenie neuron projection extension involved in neurite guidance GOC:TermGenie neuron protrusion extension involved in neurite guidance GOC:TermGenie neuronal cell projection extension involved in neurite guidance GOC:TermGenie Any DNA replication initiation that is involved in cell cycle DNA replication. jl 2013-07-09T16:05:54Z DNA replication initiation involved in cell cycle DNA replication DNA-dependent DNA replication initiation involved in cell cycle DNA replication DNA endoreduplication initiation involved in cell cycle DNA replication DNA re-replication initiation involved in cell cycle DNA replication biological_process GO:1902292 cell cycle DNA replication initiation Any DNA replication initiation that is involved in cell cycle DNA replication. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cell_cycle DNA-dependent DNA replication initiation involved in cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie DNA endoreduplication initiation involved in cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie DNA re-replication initiation involved in cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie Any DNA replication initiation that is involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication. jl 2013-07-23T14:00:01Z DNA replication initiation involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication DNA endoreduplication initiation involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication DNA re-replication initiation involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication biological_process GO:1902315 nuclear cell cycle DNA replication initiation Any DNA replication initiation that is involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cell_cycle DNA endoreduplication initiation involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie DNA re-replication initiation involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis. sart 2013-07-29T15:03:16Z regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis biological_process regulation of apoptosis involved in development regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis GO:1902337 regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis. GOC:TermGenie GOC:sart PMID:12202035 regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie regulation of apoptosis involved in development GOC:TermGenie regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis. sart 2013-07-29T15:03:25Z down regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis down-regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis downregulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis down regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis down-regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis downregulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis inhibition of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis inhibition of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis negative regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis biological_process down regulation of apoptosis involved in development down regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis down-regulation of apoptosis involved in development down-regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis downregulation of apoptosis involved in development downregulation of morphogenetic apoptosis inhibition of apoptosis involved in development inhibition of morphogenetic apoptosis negative regulation of apoptosis involved in development negative regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis GO:1902338 negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis. GOC:TermGenie GOC:sart PMID:12202035 down regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptosis involved in development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptosis involved in development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptosis involved in development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of morphogenetic apoptosis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptosis involved in development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of morphogenetic apoptosis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptosis involved in development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis. sart 2013-07-29T15:03:33Z up regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis up-regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis upregulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis activation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis activation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis positive regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis up regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis up-regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis upregulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis biological_process activation of apoptosis involved in development activation of morphogenetic apoptosis positive regulation of apoptosis involved in development positive regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis up regulation of apoptosis involved in development up regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis up-regulation of apoptosis involved in development up-regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis upregulation of apoptosis involved in development upregulation of morphogenetic apoptosis GO:1902339 positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis. GOC:TermGenie GOC:sart PMID:12202035 up regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptosis involved in development GOC:TermGenie activation of morphogenetic apoptosis GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptosis involved in development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptosis involved in development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptosis involved in development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptosis involved in development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of morphogenetic apoptosis GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome condensation. dgf 2013-07-29T20:54:14Z down regulation of chromosome condensation down regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation down regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation down-regulation of chromosome condensation down-regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation down-regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation downregulation of chromosome condensation downregulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation downregulation of nuclear chromosome condensation negative regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation negative regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation inhibition of chromosome condensation inhibition of eukaryotic chromosome condensation inhibition of nuclear chromosome condensation biological_process GO:1902340 negative regulation of chromosome condensation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome condensation. GOC:TermGenie PMID:23219725 down regulation of chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of nuclear chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of eukaryotic chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of nuclear chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA catabolic process. bf 2013-08-22T14:59:39Z down regulation of RNA breakdown down regulation of RNA catabolic process down regulation of RNA catabolism down regulation of RNA degradation down-regulation of RNA breakdown down-regulation of RNA catabolic process down-regulation of RNA catabolism down-regulation of RNA degradation downregulation of RNA breakdown downregulation of RNA catabolic process downregulation of RNA catabolism downregulation of RNA degradation negative regulation of RNA breakdown negative regulation of RNA catabolism negative regulation of RNA degradation inhibition of RNA breakdown inhibition of RNA catabolic process inhibition of RNA catabolism inhibition of RNA degradation biological_process GO:1902369 negative regulation of RNA catabolic process Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA catabolic process. GOC:TermGenie GOC:bf PMID:16640457 down regulation of RNA breakdown GOC:TermGenie down regulation of RNA catabolic process GOC:TermGenie down regulation of RNA catabolism GOC:TermGenie down regulation of RNA degradation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of RNA breakdown GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of RNA catabolic process GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of RNA catabolism GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of RNA degradation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of RNA breakdown GOC:TermGenie downregulation of RNA catabolic process GOC:TermGenie downregulation of RNA catabolism GOC:TermGenie downregulation of RNA degradation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of RNA breakdown GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of RNA catabolism GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of RNA degradation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of RNA breakdown GOC:TermGenie inhibition of RNA catabolic process GOC:TermGenie inhibition of RNA catabolism GOC:TermGenie inhibition of RNA degradation GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA catabolic process. bf 2013-08-22T15:16:19Z down regulation of mRNA breakdown down regulation of mRNA catabolic process down regulation of mRNA catabolism down regulation of mRNA degradation down-regulation of mRNA breakdown down-regulation of mRNA catabolic process down-regulation of mRNA catabolism down-regulation of mRNA degradation downregulation of mRNA breakdown downregulation of mRNA catabolic process downregulation of mRNA catabolism downregulation of mRNA degradation negative regulation of mRNA breakdown negative regulation of mRNA catabolism negative regulation of mRNA degradation inhibition of mRNA breakdown inhibition of mRNA catabolic process inhibition of mRNA catabolism inhibition of mRNA degradation biological_process down regulation of mRNA decay down-regulation of mRNA decay downregulation of mRNA decay inhibition of mRNA decay negative regulation of mRNA decay GO:1902373 negative regulation of mRNA catabolic process Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA catabolic process. GOC:TermGenie GOC:bf PMID:22626865 down regulation of mRNA breakdown GOC:TermGenie down regulation of mRNA catabolic process GOC:TermGenie down regulation of mRNA catabolism GOC:TermGenie down regulation of mRNA degradation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of mRNA breakdown GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of mRNA catabolic process GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of mRNA catabolism GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of mRNA degradation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of mRNA breakdown GOC:TermGenie downregulation of mRNA catabolic process GOC:TermGenie downregulation of mRNA catabolism GOC:TermGenie downregulation of mRNA degradation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of mRNA breakdown GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of mRNA catabolism GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of mRNA degradation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of mRNA breakdown GOC:TermGenie inhibition of mRNA catabolic process GOC:TermGenie inhibition of mRNA catabolism GOC:TermGenie inhibition of mRNA degradation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of mRNA decay GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of mRNA decay GOC:TermGenie downregulation of mRNA decay GOC:TermGenie inhibition of mRNA decay GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of mRNA decay GOC:TermGenie Any intracellular signal transduction that is involved in meiotic spindle checkpoint. jl 2013-09-12T12:01:41Z intracellular signaling cascade involved in meiotic spindle checkpoint intracellular signaling chain involved in meiotic spindle checkpoint intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in meiotic spindle checkpoint signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in meiotic spindle checkpoint biological_process intracellular signaling pathway involved in meiotic spindle checkpoint signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in meiotic spindle checkpoint GO:1902398 intracellular signal transduction involved in meiotic spindle checkpoint Any intracellular signal transduction that is involved in meiotic spindle checkpoint. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cell_cycle intracellular signaling cascade involved in meiotic spindle checkpoint GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling chain involved in meiotic spindle checkpoint GOC:TermGenie intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in meiotic spindle checkpoint GOC:TermGenie signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in meiotic spindle checkpoint GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling pathway involved in meiotic spindle checkpoint GOC:TermGenie signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in meiotic spindle checkpoint GOC:TermGenie Any intracellular signal transduction that is involved in mitotic DNA damage checkpoint. jl 2013-09-12T12:07:20Z intracellular signaling cascade involved in mitotic DNA damage checkpoint intracellular signaling chain involved in mitotic DNA damage checkpoint intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in mitotic DNA damage checkpoint signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in mitotic DNA damage checkpoint biological_process intracellular signaling pathway involved in mitotic DNA damage checkpoint signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in mitotic DNA damage checkpoint GO:1902402 signal transduction involved in mitotic DNA damage checkpoint Any intracellular signal transduction that is involved in mitotic DNA damage checkpoint. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cell_cycle intracellular signaling cascade involved in mitotic DNA damage checkpoint GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling chain involved in mitotic DNA damage checkpoint GOC:TermGenie intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in mitotic DNA damage checkpoint GOC:TermGenie signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in mitotic DNA damage checkpoint GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling pathway involved in mitotic DNA damage checkpoint GOC:TermGenie signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in mitotic DNA damage checkpoint GOC:TermGenie Any intracellular signal transduction that is involved in mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint. jl 2013-09-12T12:07:28Z intracellular signal transduction involved in mitotic cell cycle G2/M transition decatenation checkpoint intracellular signal transduction involved in topo II checkpoint intracellular signal transduction involved in topoisomerase II checkpoint intracellular signaling cascade involved in mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint intracellular signaling cascade involved in mitotic cell cycle G2/M transition decatenation checkpoint intracellular signaling cascade involved in topo II checkpoint intracellular signaling cascade involved in topoisomerase II checkpoint intracellular signaling chain involved in mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint intracellular signaling chain involved in mitotic cell cycle G2/M transition decatenation checkpoint intracellular signaling chain involved in topo II checkpoint intracellular signaling chain involved in topoisomerase II checkpoint intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in mitotic cell cycle G2/M transition decatenation checkpoint intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in topo II checkpoint intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in topoisomerase II checkpoint signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in mitotic cell cycle G2/M transition decatenation checkpoint signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in topo II checkpoint signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in topoisomerase II checkpoint biological_process intracellular signaling pathway involved in mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint intracellular signaling pathway involved in mitotic cell cycle G2/M transition decatenation checkpoint intracellular signaling pathway involved in topo II checkpoint intracellular signaling pathway involved in topoisomerase II checkpoint signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in mitotic cell cycle G2/M transition decatenation checkpoint signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in topo II checkpoint signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in topoisomerase II checkpoint GO:1902403 signal transduction involved in mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint Any intracellular signal transduction that is involved in mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cell_cycle intracellular signal transduction involved in mitotic cell cycle G2/M transition decatenation checkpoint GOC:TermGenie intracellular signal transduction involved in topo II checkpoint GOC:TermGenie intracellular signal transduction involved in topoisomerase II checkpoint GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling cascade involved in mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling cascade involved in mitotic cell cycle G2/M transition decatenation checkpoint GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling cascade involved in topo II checkpoint GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling cascade involved in topoisomerase II checkpoint GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling chain involved in mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling chain involved in mitotic cell cycle G2/M transition decatenation checkpoint GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling chain involved in topo II checkpoint GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling chain involved in topoisomerase II checkpoint GOC:TermGenie intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint GOC:TermGenie intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in mitotic cell cycle G2/M transition decatenation checkpoint GOC:TermGenie intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in topo II checkpoint GOC:TermGenie intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in topoisomerase II checkpoint GOC:TermGenie signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint GOC:TermGenie signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in mitotic cell cycle G2/M transition decatenation checkpoint GOC:TermGenie signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in topo II checkpoint GOC:TermGenie signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in topoisomerase II checkpoint GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling pathway involved in mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling pathway involved in mitotic cell cycle G2/M transition decatenation checkpoint GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling pathway involved in topo II checkpoint GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling pathway involved in topoisomerase II checkpoint GOC:TermGenie signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint GOC:TermGenie signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in mitotic cell cycle G2/M transition decatenation checkpoint GOC:TermGenie signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in topo II checkpoint GOC:TermGenie signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in topoisomerase II checkpoint GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinesis. jl 2013-09-12T14:11:49Z regulation of cytokinesis after mitosis biological_process GO:1902412 regulation of mitotic cytokinesis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinesis. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cell_cycle regulation of cytokinesis after mitosis GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinesis. jl 2013-09-12T14:11:59Z down regulation of cytokinesis after mitosis down regulation of mitotic cytokinesis down-regulation of cytokinesis after mitosis down-regulation of mitotic cytokinesis downregulation of cytokinesis after mitosis downregulation of mitotic cytokinesis negative regulation of cytokinesis after mitosis inhibition of cytokinesis after mitosis inhibition of mitotic cytokinesis biological_process GO:1902413 negative regulation of mitotic cytokinesis Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinesis. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cell_cycle down regulation of cytokinesis after mitosis GOC:TermGenie down regulation of mitotic cytokinesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cytokinesis after mitosis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of mitotic cytokinesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cytokinesis after mitosis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of mitotic cytokinesis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of cytokinesis after mitosis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cytokinesis after mitosis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of mitotic cytokinesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of male mating behavior. mm2 2013-10-09T15:49:56Z biological_process GO:1902435 regulation of male mating behavior Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of male mating behavior. GOC:TermGenie PMID:24089208 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of male mating behavior. mm2 2013-10-09T15:50:05Z down regulation of male mating behavior down-regulation of male mating behavior downregulation of male mating behavior inhibition of male mating behavior biological_process GO:1902436 negative regulation of male mating behavior Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of male mating behavior. GOC:TermGenie PMID:24089208 down regulation of male mating behavior GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of male mating behavior GOC:TermGenie downregulation of male mating behavior GOC:TermGenie inhibition of male mating behavior GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of male mating behavior. mm2 2013-10-09T15:50:14Z up regulation of male mating behavior up-regulation of male mating behavior upregulation of male mating behavior activation of male mating behavior biological_process GO:1902437 positive regulation of male mating behavior Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of male mating behavior. GOC:TermGenie PMID:24089208 up regulation of male mating behavior GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of male mating behavior GOC:TermGenie upregulation of male mating behavior GOC:TermGenie activation of male mating behavior GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of organelle transport along microtubule. dph 2013-11-15T20:15:17Z regulation of microtubule-based organelle localization biological_process GO:1902513 regulation of organelle transport along microtubule Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of organelle transport along microtubule. GOC:TermGenie GOC:dph PMID:21147087 regulation of microtubule-based organelle localization GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction. bf 2013-12-02T11:32:52Z GO:0010627 regulation of intracellular signaling cascade regulation of intracellular signaling chain regulation of intracellular protein kinase cascade regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade biological_process regulation of intracellular signaling pathway regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade GO:1902531 regulation of intracellular signal transduction Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction. GOC:TermGenie GOC:dph GOC:signaling GOC:tb regulation of intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie regulation of intracellular signaling chain GOC:TermGenie regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway GOC:TermGenie regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade GOC:TermGenie regulation of intracellular signaling pathway GOC:TermGenie regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction. bf 2013-12-02T11:33:01Z GO:0010741 down regulation of intracellular signal transduction down regulation of intracellular signaling chain down-regulation of intracellular signal transduction down-regulation of intracellular signaling chain downregulation of intracellular signal transduction downregulation of intracellular signaling chain negative regulation of intracellular protein kinase cascade negative regulation of intracellular signaling cascade negative regulation of intracellular signaling chain down regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway down regulation of intracellular signaling cascade down regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade down-regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway downregulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway downregulation of intracellular signaling cascade downregulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade inhibition of intracellular signal transduction inhibition of intracellular signal transduction pathway inhibition of intracellular signaling cascade inhibition of intracellular signaling chain inhibition of signal transmission via intracellular cascade negative regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway negative regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade biological_process down regulation of intracellular signaling pathway down regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade down-regulation of intracellular signaling cascade down-regulation of intracellular signaling pathway down-regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade down-regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade downregulation of intracellular signaling pathway downregulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade inhibition of intracellular signaling pathway inhibition of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade negative regulation of intracellular signaling pathway negative regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade GO:1902532 negative regulation of intracellular signal transduction Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction. GOC:TermGenie GOC:dph GOC:signaling GOC:tb down regulation of intracellular signal transduction GOC:TermGenie down regulation of intracellular signaling chain GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of intracellular signal transduction GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of intracellular signaling chain GOC:TermGenie downregulation of intracellular signal transduction GOC:TermGenie downregulation of intracellular signaling chain GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of intracellular signaling chain GOC:TermGenie down regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway GOC:TermGenie down regulation of intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie down regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway GOC:TermGenie downregulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway GOC:TermGenie downregulation of intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie downregulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade GOC:TermGenie inhibition of intracellular signal transduction GOC:TermGenie inhibition of intracellular signal transduction pathway GOC:TermGenie inhibition of intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie inhibition of intracellular signaling chain GOC:TermGenie inhibition of signal transmission via intracellular cascade GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade GOC:TermGenie down regulation of intracellular signaling pathway GOC:TermGenie down regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of intracellular signaling pathway GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade GOC:TermGenie downregulation of intracellular signaling pathway GOC:TermGenie downregulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie inhibition of intracellular signaling pathway GOC:TermGenie inhibition of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of intracellular signaling pathway GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction. bf 2013-12-02T11:33:10Z GO:0010740 positive regulation of intracellular signaling chain up regulation of intracellular signal transduction up regulation of intracellular signaling chain up-regulation of intracellular signal transduction up-regulation of intracellular signaling chain upregulation of intracellular signal transduction upregulation of intracellular signaling chain activation of intracellular signal transduction activation of intracellular signal transduction pathway activation of intracellular signaling cascade activation of intracellular signaling chain activation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade positive regulation of intracellular protein kinase cascade positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway positive regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade up regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway up regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade up-regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway up-regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade upregulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway upregulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade biological_process activation of intracellular signaling pathway activation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade positive regulation of intracellular signaling cascade positive regulation of intracellular signaling pathway positive regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade up regulation of intracellular signaling cascade up regulation of intracellular signaling pathway up regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade up-regulation of intracellular signaling cascade up-regulation of intracellular signaling pathway up-regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade upregulation of intracellular signaling cascade upregulation of intracellular signaling pathway upregulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade GO:1902533 positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction. GOC:BHF GOC:TermGenie GOC:dph GOC:signaling GOC:tb positive regulation of intracellular signaling chain GOC:TermGenie up regulation of intracellular signal transduction GOC:TermGenie up regulation of intracellular signaling chain GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of intracellular signal transduction GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of intracellular signaling chain GOC:TermGenie upregulation of intracellular signal transduction GOC:TermGenie upregulation of intracellular signaling chain GOC:TermGenie activation of intracellular signal transduction GOC:TermGenie activation of intracellular signal transduction pathway GOC:TermGenie activation of intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie activation of intracellular signaling chain GOC:TermGenie activation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade GOC:TermGenie up regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway GOC:TermGenie up regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade GOC:TermGenie upregulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway GOC:TermGenie upregulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade GOC:TermGenie activation of intracellular signaling pathway GOC:TermGenie activation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of intracellular signaling pathway GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie up regulation of intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie up regulation of intracellular signaling pathway GOC:TermGenie up regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of intracellular signaling pathway GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie upregulation of intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie upregulation of intracellular signaling pathway GOC:TermGenie upregulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication. mah 2013-12-17T14:03:02Z down regulation of DNA replication involved in S phase down regulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase down regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication down-regulation of DNA replication involved in S phase down-regulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase down-regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication downregulation of DNA replication involved in S phase downregulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase downregulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication negative regulation of DNA replication involved in S phase negative regulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase inhibition of DNA replication involved in S phase inhibition of DNA replication involved in S-phase inhibition of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication biological_process down regulation of DNA replication during S phase down-regulation of DNA replication during S phase downregulation of DNA replication during S phase inhibition of DNA replication during S phase negative regulation of DNA replication during S phase GO:1902576 negative regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication. GOC:TermGenie PMID:19033384 down regulation of DNA replication involved in S phase GOC:TermGenie down regulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase GOC:TermGenie down regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of DNA replication involved in S phase GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie downregulation of DNA replication involved in S phase GOC:TermGenie downregulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase GOC:TermGenie downregulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of DNA replication involved in S phase GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase GOC:TermGenie inhibition of DNA replication involved in S phase GOC:TermGenie inhibition of DNA replication involved in S-phase GOC:TermGenie inhibition of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie down regulation of DNA replication during S phase GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of DNA replication during S phase GOC:TermGenie downregulation of DNA replication during S phase GOC:TermGenie inhibition of DNA replication during S phase GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of DNA replication during S phase GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to water deprivation. tb 2013-12-19T00:31:58Z positive regulation of response to dehydration positive regulation of response to drought positive regulation of response to thirst up regulation of response to dehydration up regulation of response to drought up regulation of response to thirst up regulation of response to water deprivation up-regulation of response to dehydration up-regulation of response to drought up-regulation of response to thirst up-regulation of response to water deprivation upregulation of response to dehydration upregulation of response to drought upregulation of response to thirst upregulation of response to water deprivation activation of response to dehydration activation of response to drought activation of response to thirst activation of response to water deprivation biological_process activation of drought tolerance positive regulation of drought tolerance up regulation of drought tolerance up-regulation of drought tolerance upregulation of drought tolerance GO:1902584 positive regulation of response to water deprivation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to water deprivation. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:24198318 positive regulation of response to dehydration GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of response to drought GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of response to thirst GOC:TermGenie up regulation of response to dehydration GOC:TermGenie up regulation of response to drought GOC:TermGenie up regulation of response to thirst GOC:TermGenie up regulation of response to water deprivation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of response to dehydration GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of response to drought GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of response to thirst GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of response to water deprivation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of response to dehydration GOC:TermGenie upregulation of response to drought GOC:TermGenie upregulation of response to thirst GOC:TermGenie upregulation of response to water deprivation GOC:TermGenie activation of response to dehydration GOC:TermGenie activation of response to drought GOC:TermGenie activation of response to thirst GOC:TermGenie activation of response to water deprivation GOC:TermGenie activation of drought tolerance GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of drought tolerance GOC:TermGenie up regulation of drought tolerance GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of drought tolerance GOC:TermGenie upregulation of drought tolerance GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon guidance. hjd 2014-01-31T18:50:10Z regulation of axon pathfinding regulation of axon growth cone guidance biological_process regulation of axon chemotaxis GO:1902667 regulation of axon guidance Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon guidance. GOC:TermGenie GOC:hjd GO_REF:0000058 PMID:23006775 regulation of axon pathfinding GOC:TermGenie regulation of axon growth cone guidance GOC:TermGenie regulation of axon chemotaxis GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon guidance. hjd 2014-01-31T18:50:19Z down regulation of axon guidance down regulation of axon pathfinding down-regulation of axon guidance down-regulation of axon pathfinding downregulation of axon guidance downregulation of axon pathfinding negative regulation of axon pathfinding down regulation of axon growth cone guidance down-regulation of axon growth cone guidance downregulation of axon growth cone guidance inhibition of axon growth cone guidance inhibition of axon guidance inhibition of axon pathfinding negative regulation of axon growth cone guidance biological_process down regulation of axon chemotaxis down-regulation of axon chemotaxis downregulation of axon chemotaxis inhibition of axon chemotaxis negative regulation of axon chemotaxis GO:1902668 negative regulation of axon guidance Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon guidance. GOC:TermGenie GOC:hjd GO_REF:0000058 PMID:23006775 down regulation of axon guidance GOC:TermGenie down regulation of axon pathfinding GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of axon guidance GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of axon pathfinding GOC:TermGenie downregulation of axon guidance GOC:TermGenie downregulation of axon pathfinding GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of axon pathfinding GOC:TermGenie down regulation of axon growth cone guidance GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of axon growth cone guidance GOC:TermGenie downregulation of axon growth cone guidance GOC:TermGenie inhibition of axon growth cone guidance GOC:TermGenie inhibition of axon guidance GOC:TermGenie inhibition of axon pathfinding GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of axon growth cone guidance GOC:TermGenie down regulation of axon chemotaxis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of axon chemotaxis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of axon chemotaxis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of axon chemotaxis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of axon chemotaxis GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon guidance. hjd 2014-01-31T18:50:29Z positive regulation of axon pathfinding up regulation of axon guidance up regulation of axon pathfinding up-regulation of axon guidance up-regulation of axon pathfinding upregulation of axon guidance upregulation of axon pathfinding activation of axon growth cone guidance activation of axon guidance activation of axon pathfinding positive regulation of axon growth cone guidance up regulation of axon growth cone guidance up-regulation of axon growth cone guidance upregulation of axon growth cone guidance biological_process activation of axon chemotaxis positive regulation of axon chemotaxis up regulation of axon chemotaxis up-regulation of axon chemotaxis upregulation of axon chemotaxis GO:1902669 positive regulation of axon guidance Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon guidance. GOC:TermGenie GOC:hjd GO_REF:0000058 PMID:23006775 positive regulation of axon pathfinding GOC:TermGenie up regulation of axon guidance GOC:TermGenie up regulation of axon pathfinding GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of axon guidance GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of axon pathfinding GOC:TermGenie upregulation of axon guidance GOC:TermGenie upregulation of axon pathfinding GOC:TermGenie activation of axon growth cone guidance GOC:TermGenie activation of axon guidance GOC:TermGenie activation of axon pathfinding GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of axon growth cone guidance GOC:TermGenie up regulation of axon growth cone guidance GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of axon growth cone guidance GOC:TermGenie upregulation of axon growth cone guidance GOC:TermGenie activation of axon chemotaxis GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of axon chemotaxis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of axon chemotaxis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of axon chemotaxis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of axon chemotaxis GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process. jl 2014-02-05T16:32:01Z down regulation of RNA anabolism down regulation of RNA biosynthesis down regulation of RNA biosynthetic process down regulation of RNA formation down regulation of RNA synthesis down-regulation of RNA anabolism down-regulation of RNA biosynthesis down-regulation of RNA biosynthetic process down-regulation of RNA formation down-regulation of RNA synthesis downregulation of RNA anabolism downregulation of RNA biosynthesis downregulation of RNA biosynthetic process downregulation of RNA formation downregulation of RNA synthesis negative regulation of RNA anabolism negative regulation of RNA biosynthesis negative regulation of RNA formation negative regulation of RNA synthesis inhibition of RNA anabolism inhibition of RNA biosynthesis inhibition of RNA biosynthetic process inhibition of RNA formation inhibition of RNA synthesis biological_process GO:1902679 negative regulation of RNA biosynthetic process Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process. GO:jl GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 down regulation of RNA anabolism GOC:TermGenie down regulation of RNA biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie down regulation of RNA biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie down regulation of RNA formation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of RNA synthesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of RNA anabolism GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of RNA biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of RNA biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of RNA formation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of RNA synthesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of RNA anabolism GOC:TermGenie downregulation of RNA biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of RNA biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie downregulation of RNA formation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of RNA synthesis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of RNA anabolism GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of RNA biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of RNA formation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of RNA synthesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of RNA anabolism GOC:TermGenie inhibition of RNA biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of RNA biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie inhibition of RNA formation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of RNA synthesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process. jl 2014-02-05T16:32:10Z positive regulation of RNA anabolism positive regulation of RNA biosynthesis positive regulation of RNA formation positive regulation of RNA synthesis up regulation of RNA anabolism up regulation of RNA biosynthesis up regulation of RNA biosynthetic process up regulation of RNA formation up regulation of RNA synthesis up-regulation of RNA anabolism up-regulation of RNA biosynthesis up-regulation of RNA biosynthetic process up-regulation of RNA formation up-regulation of RNA synthesis upregulation of RNA anabolism upregulation of RNA biosynthesis upregulation of RNA biosynthetic process upregulation of RNA formation upregulation of RNA synthesis activation of RNA anabolism activation of RNA biosynthesis activation of RNA biosynthetic process activation of RNA formation activation of RNA synthesis biological_process GO:1902680 positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process. GO:jl GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 positive regulation of RNA anabolism GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of RNA biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of RNA formation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of RNA synthesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of RNA anabolism GOC:TermGenie up regulation of RNA biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of RNA biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie up regulation of RNA formation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of RNA synthesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of RNA anabolism GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of RNA biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of RNA biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of RNA formation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of RNA synthesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of RNA anabolism GOC:TermGenie upregulation of RNA biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of RNA biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie upregulation of RNA formation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of RNA synthesis GOC:TermGenie activation of RNA anabolism GOC:TermGenie activation of RNA biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie activation of RNA biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie activation of RNA formation GOC:TermGenie activation of RNA synthesis GOC:TermGenie Any apoptotic process that is involved in anatomical structure development. pr 2014-02-28T13:09:43Z apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure biological_process apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GO:1902742 apoptotic process involved in development Any apoptotic process that is involved in anatomical structure development. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_apoptosis GOC:pg GO_REF:0000060 apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie Any signalling pathway that modulates the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G2 phase to M phase of the cell cycle. jl 2014-03-05T15:38:15Z biological_process GO:1902749 regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition Any signalling pathway that modulates the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G2 phase to M phase of the cell cycle. GOC:TermGenie GOC:jl GO_REF:0000058 Any signalling pathway that decreases or inhibits the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G2 phase to M phase of the cell cycle. jl 2014-03-05T15:38:21Z down regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition down-regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition downregulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition inhibition of cell cycle G2/M phase transition biological_process GO:1902750 negative regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition Any signalling pathway that decreases or inhibits the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G2 phase to M phase of the cell cycle. GOC:TermGenie GOC:jl GO_REF:0000058 down regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cell cycle G2/M phase transition GOC:TermGenie Any signalling pathway that activates or increases the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G2 phase to M phase of the cell cycle. jl 2014-03-05T15:38:27Z up regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition up-regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition upregulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition activation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition biological_process GO:1902751 positive regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition Any signalling pathway that activates or increases the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G2 phase to M phase of the cell cycle. GOC:TermGenie GOC:jl GO_REF:0000058 up regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition GOC:TermGenie activation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle transport. kmv 2014-03-25T14:56:34Z biological_process regulation of synaptic vesicle fission regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion GO:1902803 regulation of synaptic vesicle transport Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle transport. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv GO_REF:0000058 PMID:23527112 regulation of synaptic vesicle fission GOC:TermGenie regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle transport. kmv 2014-03-25T14:56:40Z down regulation of synaptic vesicle transport down-regulation of synaptic vesicle transport downregulation of synaptic vesicle transport inhibition of synaptic vesicle transport biological_process down regulation of synaptic vesicle fission down regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion down-regulation of synaptic vesicle fission down-regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion downregulation of synaptic vesicle fission downregulation of synaptic vesicle fusion inhibition of synaptic vesicle fission inhibition of synaptic vesicle fusion negative regulation of synaptic vesicle fission negative regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion GO:1902804 negative regulation of synaptic vesicle transport Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle transport. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv GO_REF:0000058 PMID:23527112 down regulation of synaptic vesicle transport GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of synaptic vesicle transport GOC:TermGenie downregulation of synaptic vesicle transport GOC:TermGenie inhibition of synaptic vesicle transport GOC:TermGenie down regulation of synaptic vesicle fission GOC:TermGenie down regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of synaptic vesicle fission GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion GOC:TermGenie downregulation of synaptic vesicle fission GOC:TermGenie downregulation of synaptic vesicle fusion GOC:TermGenie inhibition of synaptic vesicle fission GOC:TermGenie inhibition of synaptic vesicle fusion GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of synaptic vesicle fission GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle transport. kmv 2014-03-25T14:56:46Z up regulation of synaptic vesicle transport up-regulation of synaptic vesicle transport upregulation of synaptic vesicle transport activation of synaptic vesicle transport biological_process activation of synaptic vesicle fission activation of synaptic vesicle fusion positive regulation of synaptic vesicle fission positive regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion up regulation of synaptic vesicle fission up regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion up-regulation of synaptic vesicle fission up-regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion upregulation of synaptic vesicle fission upregulation of synaptic vesicle fusion GO:1902805 positive regulation of synaptic vesicle transport Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle transport. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv GO_REF:0000058 PMID:23527112 up regulation of synaptic vesicle transport GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of synaptic vesicle transport GOC:TermGenie upregulation of synaptic vesicle transport GOC:TermGenie activation of synaptic vesicle transport GOC:TermGenie activation of synaptic vesicle fission GOC:TermGenie activation of synaptic vesicle fusion GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of synaptic vesicle fission GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion GOC:TermGenie up regulation of synaptic vesicle fission GOC:TermGenie up regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of synaptic vesicle fission GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion GOC:TermGenie upregulation of synaptic vesicle fission GOC:TermGenie upregulation of synaptic vesicle fusion GOC:TermGenie Any signalling pathway that modulates the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the cell cycle. jl 2014-03-26T16:36:14Z biological_process GO:1902806 regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition Any signalling pathway that modulates the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the cell cycle. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cell_cycle GO_REF:0000058 Any signalling pathway that decreases or inhibits the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the cell cycle. jl 2014-03-26T16:36:20Z down regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition down-regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition downregulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition inhibition of cell cycle G1/S phase transition biological_process GO:1902807 negative regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition Any signalling pathway that decreases or inhibits the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the cell cycle. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cell_cycle GO_REF:0000058 down regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cell cycle G1/S phase transition GOC:TermGenie Any signalling pathway that activates or increases the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the cell cycle. jl 2014-03-26T16:36:32Z up regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition up-regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition upregulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition activation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition biological_process GO:1902808 positive regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition Any signalling pathway that activates or increases the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the cell cycle. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cell_cycle GO_REF:0000058 up regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition GOC:TermGenie activation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle elongation. vw 2014-04-02T08:43:28Z down regulation of mitotic spindle elongation down regulation of spindle elongation during mitosis down-regulation of mitotic spindle elongation down-regulation of spindle elongation during mitosis downregulation of mitotic spindle elongation downregulation of spindle elongation during mitosis negative regulation of spindle elongation during mitosis inhibition of mitotic spindle elongation inhibition of spindle elongation during mitosis biological_process GO:1902845 negative regulation of mitotic spindle elongation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle elongation. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:23087209 down regulation of mitotic spindle elongation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of spindle elongation during mitosis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of mitotic spindle elongation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of spindle elongation during mitosis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of mitotic spindle elongation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of spindle elongation during mitosis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of spindle elongation during mitosis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of mitotic spindle elongation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of spindle elongation during mitosis GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle elongation. vw 2014-04-02T08:43:34Z positive regulation of spindle elongation during mitosis up regulation of mitotic spindle elongation up regulation of spindle elongation during mitosis up-regulation of mitotic spindle elongation up-regulation of spindle elongation during mitosis upregulation of mitotic spindle elongation upregulation of spindle elongation during mitosis activation of mitotic spindle elongation activation of spindle elongation during mitosis biological_process GO:1902846 positive regulation of mitotic spindle elongation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle elongation. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:23087209 positive regulation of spindle elongation during mitosis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of mitotic spindle elongation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of spindle elongation during mitosis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of mitotic spindle elongation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of spindle elongation during mitosis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of mitotic spindle elongation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of spindle elongation during mitosis GOC:TermGenie activation of mitotic spindle elongation GOC:TermGenie activation of spindle elongation during mitosis GOC:TermGenie Any microtubule cytoskeleton organization that is involved in mitosis. vw 2014-04-02T14:19:38Z microtubule cytoskeleton organisation involved in mitosis microtubule dynamics involved in mitosis biological_process microtubule cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis involved in mitosis GO:1902850 microtubule cytoskeleton organization involved in mitosis Any microtubule cytoskeleton organization that is involved in mitosis. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000060 PMID:18799626 microtubule cytoskeleton organisation involved in mitosis GOC:TermGenie microtubule dynamics involved in mitosis GOC:TermGenie microtubule cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis involved in mitosis GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to oxidative stress. kmv 2014-04-03T20:29:52Z biological_process GO:1902882 regulation of response to oxidative stress Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to oxidative stress. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv GO_REF:0000058 PMID:16899554 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to oxidative stress. kmv 2014-04-03T20:30:20Z down regulation of response to oxidative stress down-regulation of response to oxidative stress downregulation of response to oxidative stress inhibition of response to oxidative stress biological_process GO:1902883 negative regulation of response to oxidative stress Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to oxidative stress. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv GO_REF:0000058 PMID:16899554 down regulation of response to oxidative stress GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of response to oxidative stress GOC:TermGenie downregulation of response to oxidative stress GOC:TermGenie inhibition of response to oxidative stress GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to oxidative stress. kmv 2014-04-03T20:30:47Z up regulation of response to oxidative stress up-regulation of response to oxidative stress upregulation of response to oxidative stress activation of response to oxidative stress biological_process GO:1902884 positive regulation of response to oxidative stress Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to oxidative stress. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv GO_REF:0000058 PMID:16899554 up regulation of response to oxidative stress GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of response to oxidative stress GOC:TermGenie upregulation of response to oxidative stress GOC:TermGenie activation of response to oxidative stress GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of supramolecular fiber organization. rl 2014-04-15T16:46:36Z biological_process regulation of fibril organisation GO:1902903 HSPA8, human, P11142 in PMID:23921388 inferred from direct assay to negatively regulate fibrillation of alpha-Syn in vitro regulation of supramolecular fiber organization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of supramolecular fiber organization. GOC:PARL GOC:TermGenie GOC:rl GO_REF:0000058 PMID:23921388 regulation of fibril organisation GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibril organization. rl 2014-04-15T16:46:42Z inhibition of fibril organisation inhibition of fibril organization biological_process down regulation of fibril organisation down regulation of fibril organization down-regulation of fibril organisation down-regulation of fibril organization downregulation of fibril organisation downregulation of fibril organization negative regulation of fibril organisation GO:1902904 HSPA8, human, P11142 in PMID:23921388 inferred from direct assay to negatively regulate fibrillation of alpha-Syn in vitro negative regulation of supramolecular fiber organization Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibril organization. GOC:PARL GOC:TermGenie GOC:rl GO_REF:0000058 PMID:23921388 inhibition of fibril organisation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of fibril organization GOC:TermGenie down regulation of fibril organisation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of fibril organization GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of fibril organisation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of fibril organization GOC:TermGenie downregulation of fibril organisation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of fibril organization GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of fibril organisation GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of supramolecular fiber organization. rl 2014-04-15T16:46:48Z activation of fibril organisation activation of fibril organization biological_process positive regulation of fibril organisation up regulation of fibril organisation up regulation of fibril organization up-regulation of fibril organisation up-regulation of fibril organization upregulation of fibril organisation upregulation of fibril organization GO:1902905 HSPA8, human, P11142 in PMID:23921388 inferred from direct assay to negatively regulate fibrillation of alpha-Syn in vitro positive regulation of supramolecular fiber organization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of supramolecular fiber organization. GOC:PARL GOC:TermGenie GOC:rl GO_REF:0000058 PMID:23921388 activation of fibril organisation GOC:TermGenie activation of fibril organization GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of fibril organisation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of fibril organisation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of fibril organization GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of fibril organisation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of fibril organization GOC:TermGenie upregulation of fibril organisation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of fibril organization GOC:TermGenie Any nuclear DNA replication that is involved in a mitotic cell cycle. jl 2014-05-06T15:03:03Z DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle mitotic cell cycle DNA replication mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication biological_process DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle GO:1902969 mitotic DNA replication Any nuclear DNA replication that is involved in a mitotic cell cycle. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000060 DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie Any DNA replication initiation involved in meiotic cell cycle DNA replication. jl 2014-05-06T15:21:06Z DNA replication initiation involved in meiotic DNA replication DNA replication initiation involved in meiotic cell cycle DNA replication biological_process GO:1902974 meiotic DNA replication initiation Any DNA replication initiation involved in meiotic cell cycle DNA replication. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000060 Any DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication. jl 2014-05-06T15:21:11Z DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication biological_process GO:1902975 mitotic DNA replication initiation Any DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000060 The disaggregation of an organelle into its constituent components. jl 2014-05-13T12:36:03Z organelle degradation biological_process GO:1903008 organelle disassembly The disaggregation of an organelle into its constituent components. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000079 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to wounding. kmv 2014-05-18T01:28:46Z regulation of physiological response to wounding biological_process GO:1903034 regulation of response to wounding Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to wounding. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv GO_REF:0000058 pmid:19164535 regulation of physiological response to wounding GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to wounding. kmv 2014-05-18T01:28:52Z down regulation of physiological response to wounding down regulation of response to wounding down-regulation of physiological response to wounding down-regulation of response to wounding downregulation of physiological response to wounding downregulation of response to wounding negative regulation of physiological response to wounding inhibition of physiological response to wounding inhibition of response to wounding biological_process GO:1903035 negative regulation of response to wounding Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to wounding. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv GO_REF:0000058 pmid:19164535 down regulation of physiological response to wounding GOC:TermGenie down regulation of response to wounding GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of physiological response to wounding GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of response to wounding GOC:TermGenie downregulation of physiological response to wounding GOC:TermGenie downregulation of response to wounding GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of physiological response to wounding GOC:TermGenie inhibition of physiological response to wounding GOC:TermGenie inhibition of response to wounding GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to wounding. kmv 2014-05-18T01:28:58Z positive regulation of physiological response to wounding up regulation of physiological response to wounding up regulation of response to wounding up-regulation of physiological response to wounding up-regulation of response to wounding upregulation of physiological response to wounding upregulation of response to wounding activation of physiological response to wounding activation of response to wounding biological_process GO:1903036 positive regulation of response to wounding Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to wounding. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv GO_REF:0000058 pmid:19164535 positive regulation of physiological response to wounding GOC:TermGenie up regulation of physiological response to wounding GOC:TermGenie up regulation of response to wounding GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of physiological response to wounding GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of response to wounding GOC:TermGenie upregulation of physiological response to wounding GOC:TermGenie upregulation of response to wounding GOC:TermGenie activation of physiological response to wounding GOC:TermGenie activation of response to wounding GOC:TermGenie A process that is part of the meiotic cell cycle. jl 2014-05-22T14:22:28Z biological_process GO:1903046 meiotic cell cycle process A process that is part of the meiotic cell cycle. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cell_cycle GO_REF:0000060 A process that is part of the mitotic cell cycle. jl 2014-05-22T14:22:34Z biological_process GO:1903047 mitotic cell cycle process A process that is part of the mitotic cell cycle. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cell_cycle GO_REF:0000060 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription occuring in the mitochondrion. al 2014-06-09T11:53:14Z regulation of mitochondrial transcription regulation of transcription from mitochondrial promoter biological_process GO:1903108 regulation of mitochondrial transcription Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription occuring in the mitochondrion. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:21357609 regulation of mitochondrial transcription GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription occuring in the mitochondrion. al 2014-06-09T11:53:20Z positive regulation of mitochondrial transcription positive regulation of transcription from mitochondrial promoter up regulation of mitochondrial transcription up regulation of transcription from mitochondrial promoter up-regulation of mitochondrial transcription up-regulation of transcription from mitochondrial promoter upregulation of mitochondrial transcription upregulation of transcription from mitochondrial promoter activation of mitochondrial transcription activation of transcription from mitochondrial promoter biological_process GO:1903109 positive regulation of mitochondrial transcription Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription occuring in the mitochondrion. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:21357609 positive regulation of mitochondrial transcription GOC:TermGenie up regulation of mitochondrial transcription GOC:TermGenie up regulation of transcription from mitochondrial promoter GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of mitochondrial transcription GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of transcription from mitochondrial promoter GOC:TermGenie upregulation of mitochondrial transcription GOC:TermGenie upregulation of transcription from mitochondrial promoter GOC:TermGenie activation of mitochondrial transcription GOC:TermGenie activation of transcription from mitochondrial promoter GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrion degradation by an autophagic process. bf 2014-07-09T08:23:51Z regulation of mitochondrion degradation biological_process GO:1903146 regulation of autophagy of mitochondrion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrion degradation by an autophagic process. GOC:PARL GOC:TermGenie GOC:autophagy GOC:bf GO_REF:0000058 PMID:24600391 regulation of mitochondrion degradation GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrion degradation by autophagy. bf 2014-07-09T08:23:58Z down regulation of mitochondrial degradation down regulation of mitochondrion degradation down-regulation of mitochondrion degradation down-regulation of mitophagy downregulation of mitochondrion degradation inhibition of mitophagy biological_process inhibition of mitochondrion degradation GO:1903147 negative regulation of autophagy of mitochondrion Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrion degradation by autophagy. GOC:PARL GOC:TermGenie GOC:autophagy GOC:bf GO_REF:0000058 PMID:24600391 down regulation of mitochondrial degradation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of mitochondrion degradation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of mitochondrion degradation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of mitophagy GOC:TermGenie downregulation of mitochondrion degradation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of mitophagy GOC:TermGenie inhibition of mitochondrion degradation GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dopamine biosynthetic process. bf 2014-07-14T12:17:41Z regulation of dopamine anabolism regulation of dopamine biosynthesis regulation of dopamine formation regulation of dopamine synthesis biological_process GO:1903179 regulation of dopamine biosynthetic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dopamine biosynthetic process. GOC:PARL GOC:TermGenie GOC:bf GO_REF:0000058 regulation of dopamine anabolism GOC:TermGenie regulation of dopamine biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie regulation of dopamine formation GOC:TermGenie regulation of dopamine synthesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dopamine biosynthetic process. bf 2014-07-14T12:17:47Z down regulation of dopamine anabolism down regulation of dopamine biosynthesis down regulation of dopamine biosynthetic process down regulation of dopamine formation down regulation of dopamine synthesis down-regulation of dopamine anabolism down-regulation of dopamine biosynthesis down-regulation of dopamine biosynthetic process down-regulation of dopamine formation down-regulation of dopamine synthesis downregulation of dopamine anabolism downregulation of dopamine biosynthesis downregulation of dopamine biosynthetic process downregulation of dopamine formation downregulation of dopamine synthesis negative regulation of dopamine anabolism negative regulation of dopamine biosynthesis negative regulation of dopamine formation negative regulation of dopamine synthesis inhibition of dopamine anabolism inhibition of dopamine biosynthesis inhibition of dopamine biosynthetic process inhibition of dopamine formation inhibition of dopamine synthesis biological_process GO:1903180 negative regulation of dopamine biosynthetic process Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dopamine biosynthetic process. GOC:PARL GOC:TermGenie GOC:bf GO_REF:0000058 down regulation of dopamine anabolism GOC:TermGenie down regulation of dopamine biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie down regulation of dopamine biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie down regulation of dopamine formation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of dopamine synthesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of dopamine anabolism GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of dopamine biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of dopamine biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of dopamine formation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of dopamine synthesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of dopamine anabolism GOC:TermGenie downregulation of dopamine biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of dopamine biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie downregulation of dopamine formation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of dopamine synthesis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of dopamine anabolism GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of dopamine biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of dopamine formation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of dopamine synthesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of dopamine anabolism GOC:TermGenie inhibition of dopamine biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of dopamine biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie inhibition of dopamine formation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of dopamine synthesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dopamine biosynthetic process. bf 2014-07-14T12:17:53Z positive regulation of dopamine anabolism positive regulation of dopamine biosynthesis positive regulation of dopamine formation positive regulation of dopamine synthesis up regulation of dopamine anabolism up regulation of dopamine biosynthesis up regulation of dopamine biosynthetic process up regulation of dopamine formation up regulation of dopamine synthesis up-regulation of dopamine anabolism up-regulation of dopamine biosynthesis up-regulation of dopamine biosynthetic process up-regulation of dopamine formation up-regulation of dopamine synthesis upregulation of dopamine anabolism upregulation of dopamine biosynthesis upregulation of dopamine biosynthetic process upregulation of dopamine formation upregulation of dopamine synthesis activation of dopamine anabolism activation of dopamine biosynthesis activation of dopamine biosynthetic process activation of dopamine formation activation of dopamine synthesis biological_process GO:1903181 positive regulation of dopamine biosynthetic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dopamine biosynthetic process. GOC:PARL GOC:TermGenie GOC:bf GO_REF:0000058 PMID:19703902 positive regulation of dopamine anabolism GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of dopamine biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of dopamine formation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of dopamine synthesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of dopamine anabolism GOC:TermGenie up regulation of dopamine biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of dopamine biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie up regulation of dopamine formation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of dopamine synthesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of dopamine anabolism GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of dopamine biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of dopamine biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of dopamine formation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of dopamine synthesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of dopamine anabolism GOC:TermGenie upregulation of dopamine biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of dopamine biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie upregulation of dopamine formation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of dopamine synthesis GOC:TermGenie activation of dopamine anabolism GOC:TermGenie activation of dopamine biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie activation of dopamine biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie activation of dopamine formation GOC:TermGenie activation of dopamine synthesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vitellogenesis. mr 2014-07-14T19:28:00Z regulation of yolk production biological_process GO:1903186 regulation of vitellogenesis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vitellogenesis. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mr GO_REF:0000058 PMID:19467235 regulation of yolk production GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vitellogenesis. mr 2014-07-14T19:28:06Z down regulation of vitellogenesis down regulation of yolk production down-regulation of vitellogenesis down-regulation of yolk production downregulation of vitellogenesis downregulation of yolk production negative regulation of yolk production inhibition of vitellogenesis inhibition of yolk production biological_process GO:1903187 negative regulation of vitellogenesis Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vitellogenesis. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mr GO_REF:0000058 PMID:19467235 down regulation of vitellogenesis GOC:TermGenie down regulation of yolk production GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of vitellogenesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of yolk production GOC:TermGenie downregulation of vitellogenesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of yolk production GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of yolk production GOC:TermGenie inhibition of vitellogenesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of yolk production GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vitellogenesis. mr 2014-07-14T19:28:12Z positive regulation of yolk production up regulation of vitellogenesis up regulation of yolk production up-regulation of vitellogenesis up-regulation of yolk production upregulation of vitellogenesis upregulation of yolk production activation of vitellogenesis activation of yolk production biological_process GO:1903188 positive regulation of vitellogenesis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vitellogenesis. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mr GO_REF:0000058 PMID:19467235 positive regulation of yolk production GOC:TermGenie up regulation of vitellogenesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of yolk production GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of vitellogenesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of yolk production GOC:TermGenie upregulation of vitellogenesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of yolk production GOC:TermGenie activation of vitellogenesis GOC:TermGenie activation of yolk production GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of regulated secretory pathway. pad 2014-08-18T10:04:53Z biological_process GO:1903305 An example of this is protein domain-specific expression of Synaptotagmin 1 in rat (P21707) in PMID:12526776 inferred from mutant phenotype. regulation of regulated secretory pathway Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of regulated secretory pathway. GOC:PARL GOC:TermGenie GOC:pad GO_REF:0000058 PMID:12526776 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of regulated secretory pathway. pad 2014-08-18T10:05:02Z down regulation of regulated secretory pathway down-regulation of regulated secretory pathway downregulation of regulated secretory pathway inhibition of regulated secretory pathway biological_process GO:1903306 An example of this is protein domain-specific expression of Synaptotagmin 1 in rat (P21707) in PMID:12526776 inferred from mutant phenotype. negative regulation of regulated secretory pathway Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of regulated secretory pathway. GOC:PARL GOC:TermGenie GOC:pad GO_REF:0000058 PMID:12526776 down regulation of regulated secretory pathway GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of regulated secretory pathway GOC:TermGenie downregulation of regulated secretory pathway GOC:TermGenie inhibition of regulated secretory pathway GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of regulated secretory pathway. pad 2014-08-18T10:05:10Z up regulation of regulated secretory pathway up-regulation of regulated secretory pathway upregulation of regulated secretory pathway activation of regulated secretory pathway biological_process GO:1903307 An example of this is protein domain-specific expression of Synaptotagmin 1 in rat (P21707) in PMID:12526776 inferred from mutant phenotype. positive regulation of regulated secretory pathway Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of regulated secretory pathway. GOC:PARL GOC:TermGenie GOC:pad GO_REF:0000058 PMID:12526776 up regulation of regulated secretory pathway GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of regulated secretory pathway GOC:TermGenie upregulation of regulated secretory pathway GOC:TermGenie activation of regulated secretory pathway GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA metabolic process. vw 2014-08-18T11:52:26Z regulation of mRNA metabolism biological_process GO:1903311 regulation of mRNA metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA metabolic process. GOC:TermGenie GOC:vw GO_REF:0000058 regulation of mRNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA metabolic process. vw 2014-08-18T11:52:34Z down regulation of mRNA metabolic process down regulation of mRNA metabolism down-regulation of mRNA metabolic process down-regulation of mRNA metabolism downregulation of mRNA metabolic process downregulation of mRNA metabolism negative regulation of mRNA metabolism inhibition of mRNA metabolic process inhibition of mRNA metabolism biological_process GO:1903312 negative regulation of mRNA metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA metabolic process. GOC:TermGenie GOC:vw GO_REF:0000058 down regulation of mRNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie down regulation of mRNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of mRNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of mRNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie downregulation of mRNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie downregulation of mRNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of mRNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie inhibition of mRNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie inhibition of mRNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA metabolic process. vw 2014-08-18T11:52:42Z positive regulation of mRNA metabolism up regulation of mRNA metabolic process up regulation of mRNA metabolism up-regulation of mRNA metabolic process up-regulation of mRNA metabolism upregulation of mRNA metabolic process upregulation of mRNA metabolism activation of mRNA metabolic process activation of mRNA metabolism biological_process GO:1903313 positive regulation of mRNA metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA metabolic process. GOC:TermGenie GOC:vw GO_REF:0000058 positive regulation of mRNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie up regulation of mRNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie up regulation of mRNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of mRNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of mRNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie upregulation of mRNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie upregulation of mRNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie activation of mRNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie activation of mRNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nucleus organization. hjd 2014-08-20T19:36:16Z regulation of nuclear organisation regulation of nuclear organization biological_process regulation of nuclear morphology regulation of nuclear organization and biogenesis regulation of nucleus organization and biogenesis GO:1903353 regulation of nucleus organization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nucleus organization. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:16943282 regulation of nuclear organisation GOC:TermGenie regulation of nuclear organization GOC:TermGenie regulation of nuclear morphology GOC:TermGenie regulation of nuclear organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie regulation of nucleus organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular protein catabolic process. kmv 2014-08-21T15:05:45Z GO:2000598 regulation of cellular protein breakdown regulation of cellular protein catabolism regulation of cellular protein degradation regulation of cyclin breakdown regulation of cyclin catabolic process regulation of cyclin catabolism regulation of cyclin degradation regulation of degradation of cyclin biological_process GO:1903362 regulation of cellular protein catabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular protein catabolic process. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv GOC:obol GO_REF:0000058 PMID:24785082 regulation of cellular protein breakdown GOC:TermGenie regulation of cellular protein catabolism GOC:TermGenie regulation of cellular protein degradation GOC:TermGenie regulation of cyclin breakdown GOC:obol regulation of cyclin catabolism GOC:obol regulation of cyclin degradation GOC:obol regulation of degradation of cyclin GOC:obol Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular protein catabolic process. kmv 2014-08-21T15:05:53Z GO:2000599 down regulation of cellular protein breakdown down regulation of cellular protein catabolic process down regulation of cellular protein catabolism down regulation of cellular protein degradation down-regulation of cellular protein breakdown down-regulation of cellular protein catabolic process down-regulation of cellular protein catabolism down-regulation of cellular protein degradation downregulation of cellular protein breakdown downregulation of cellular protein catabolic process downregulation of cellular protein catabolism downregulation of cellular protein degradation negative regulation of cellular protein breakdown negative regulation of cellular protein catabolism negative regulation of cellular protein degradation inhibition of cellular protein breakdown inhibition of cellular protein catabolic process inhibition of cellular protein catabolism inhibition of cellular protein degradation negative regulation of cyclin breakdown negative regulation of cyclin catabolic process negative regulation of cyclin catabolism negative regulation of cyclin degradation negative regulation of degradation of cyclin biological_process GO:1903363 negative regulation of cellular protein catabolic process Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular protein catabolic process. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv GOC:obol GO_REF:0000058 PMID:24785082 down regulation of cellular protein breakdown GOC:TermGenie down regulation of cellular protein catabolic process GOC:TermGenie down regulation of cellular protein catabolism GOC:TermGenie down regulation of cellular protein degradation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cellular protein breakdown GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cellular protein catabolic process GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cellular protein catabolism GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cellular protein degradation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cellular protein breakdown GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cellular protein catabolic process GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cellular protein catabolism GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cellular protein degradation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of cellular protein breakdown GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of cellular protein catabolism GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of cellular protein degradation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cellular protein breakdown GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cellular protein catabolic process GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cellular protein catabolism GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cellular protein degradation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of cyclin breakdown GOC:obol negative regulation of cyclin catabolism GOC:obol negative regulation of cyclin degradation GOC:obol negative regulation of degradation of cyclin GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular protein catabolic process. kmv 2014-08-21T15:06:01Z GO:2000600 positive regulation of cellular protein breakdown positive regulation of cellular protein catabolism positive regulation of cellular protein degradation up regulation of cellular protein breakdown up regulation of cellular protein catabolic process up regulation of cellular protein catabolism up regulation of cellular protein degradation up-regulation of cellular protein breakdown up-regulation of cellular protein catabolic process up-regulation of cellular protein catabolism up-regulation of cellular protein degradation upregulation of cellular protein breakdown upregulation of cellular protein catabolic process upregulation of cellular protein catabolism upregulation of cellular protein degradation activation of cellular protein breakdown activation of cellular protein catabolic process activation of cellular protein catabolism activation of cellular protein degradation positive regulation of cyclin breakdown positive regulation of cyclin catabolic process positive regulation of cyclin catabolism positive regulation of cyclin degradation positive regulation of degradation of cyclin biological_process GO:1903364 positive regulation of cellular protein catabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular protein catabolic process. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv GOC:obol GO_REF:0000058 PMID:24785082 positive regulation of cellular protein breakdown GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of cellular protein catabolism GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of cellular protein degradation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of cellular protein breakdown GOC:TermGenie up regulation of cellular protein catabolic process GOC:TermGenie up regulation of cellular protein catabolism GOC:TermGenie up regulation of cellular protein degradation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cellular protein breakdown GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cellular protein catabolic process GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cellular protein catabolism GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cellular protein degradation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cellular protein breakdown GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cellular protein catabolic process GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cellular protein catabolism GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cellular protein degradation GOC:TermGenie activation of cellular protein breakdown GOC:TermGenie activation of cellular protein catabolic process GOC:TermGenie activation of cellular protein catabolism GOC:TermGenie activation of cellular protein degradation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of cyclin breakdown GOC:obol positive regulation of cyclin catabolism GOC:obol positive regulation of cyclin degradation GOC:obol positive regulation of degradation of cyclin GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of foraging behavior. mr 2014-08-22T03:03:04Z biological_process GO:1903368 regulation of foraging behavior Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of foraging behavior. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mr GO_REF:0000058 PMID:8677262 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of foraging behavior. mr 2014-08-22T03:03:12Z down regulation of foraging behavior down-regulation of foraging behavior downregulation of foraging behavior inhibition of foraging behavior biological_process GO:1903369 negative regulation of foraging behavior Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of foraging behavior. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mr GO_REF:0000058 PMID:8677262 down regulation of foraging behavior GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of foraging behavior GOC:TermGenie downregulation of foraging behavior GOC:TermGenie inhibition of foraging behavior GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of foraging behavior. mr 2014-08-22T03:03:20Z up regulation of foraging behavior up-regulation of foraging behavior upregulation of foraging behavior activation of foraging behavior biological_process GO:1903370 positive regulation of foraging behavior Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of foraging behavior. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mr GO_REF:0000058 PMID:8677262 up regulation of foraging behavior GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of foraging behavior GOC:TermGenie upregulation of foraging behavior GOC:TermGenie activation of foraging behavior GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic chromosome condensation. al 2014-08-26T13:57:13Z biological_process GO:1903379 regulation of mitotic chromosome condensation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic chromosome condensation. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:9490640 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic chromosome condensation. al 2014-08-26T13:57:29Z up regulation of mitotic chromosome condensation up-regulation of mitotic chromosome condensation upregulation of mitotic chromosome condensation activation of mitotic chromosome condensation biological_process GO:1903380 positive regulation of mitotic chromosome condensation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic chromosome condensation. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:9490640 up regulation of mitotic chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of mitotic chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of mitotic chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie activation of mitotic chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle recycling. pad 2014-09-09T15:27:50Z regulation of kiss-and-run synaptic vesicle recycling regulation of kiss-and-stay synaptic vesicle recycling biological_process GO:1903421 An example of this is mouse LRRK2 (Q5S006) in PMID:21307259 inferred from mutant phenotype regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle recycling. GOC:PARL GOC:TermGenie GOC:pad GO_REF:0000058 PMID:22745285 regulation of kiss-and-run synaptic vesicle recycling GOC:TermGenie regulation of kiss-and-stay synaptic vesicle recycling GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle recycling. pad 2014-09-09T15:27:59Z down regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling down-regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling downregulation of synaptic vesicle recycling down regulation of kiss-and-run synaptic vesicle recycling down regulation of kiss-and-stay synaptic vesicle recycling down-regulation of kiss-and-run synaptic vesicle recycling down-regulation of kiss-and-stay synaptic vesicle recycling downregulation of kiss-and-run synaptic vesicle recycling downregulation of kiss-and-stay synaptic vesicle recycling inhibition of kiss-and-run synaptic vesicle recycling inhibition of kiss-and-stay synaptic vesicle recycling inhibition of synaptic vesicle recycling negative regulation of kiss-and-run synaptic vesicle recycling negative regulation of kiss-and-stay synaptic vesicle recycling biological_process GO:1903422 An example of this is mouse LRRK2 (Q5S006) in PMID:21307259 inferred from mutant phenotype negative regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle recycling. GOC:PARL GOC:TermGenie GOC:pad GO_REF:0000058 PMID:22745285 down regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling GOC:TermGenie downregulation of synaptic vesicle recycling GOC:TermGenie down regulation of kiss-and-run synaptic vesicle recycling GOC:TermGenie down regulation of kiss-and-stay synaptic vesicle recycling GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of kiss-and-run synaptic vesicle recycling GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of kiss-and-stay synaptic vesicle recycling GOC:TermGenie downregulation of kiss-and-run synaptic vesicle recycling GOC:TermGenie downregulation of kiss-and-stay synaptic vesicle recycling GOC:TermGenie inhibition of kiss-and-run synaptic vesicle recycling GOC:TermGenie inhibition of kiss-and-stay synaptic vesicle recycling GOC:TermGenie inhibition of synaptic vesicle recycling GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of kiss-and-run synaptic vesicle recycling GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of kiss-and-stay synaptic vesicle recycling GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle recycling. pad 2014-09-09T15:28:07Z up regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling up-regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling upregulation of synaptic vesicle recycling activation of kiss-and-run synaptic vesicle recycling activation of kiss-and-stay synaptic vesicle recycling activation of synaptic vesicle recycling positive regulation of kiss-and-run synaptic vesicle recycling positive regulation of kiss-and-stay synaptic vesicle recycling up regulation of kiss-and-run synaptic vesicle recycling up regulation of kiss-and-stay synaptic vesicle recycling up-regulation of kiss-and-run synaptic vesicle recycling up-regulation of kiss-and-stay synaptic vesicle recycling upregulation of kiss-and-run synaptic vesicle recycling upregulation of kiss-and-stay synaptic vesicle recycling biological_process GO:1903423 An example of this is mouse LRRK2 (Q5S006) in PMID:21307259 inferred from mutant phenotype positive regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle recycling. GOC:PARL GOC:TermGenie GOC:pad GO_REF:0000058 PMID:22745285 up regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling GOC:TermGenie upregulation of synaptic vesicle recycling GOC:TermGenie activation of kiss-and-run synaptic vesicle recycling GOC:TermGenie activation of kiss-and-stay synaptic vesicle recycling GOC:TermGenie activation of synaptic vesicle recycling GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of kiss-and-run synaptic vesicle recycling GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of kiss-and-stay synaptic vesicle recycling GOC:TermGenie up regulation of kiss-and-run synaptic vesicle recycling GOC:TermGenie up regulation of kiss-and-stay synaptic vesicle recycling GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of kiss-and-run synaptic vesicle recycling GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of kiss-and-stay synaptic vesicle recycling GOC:TermGenie upregulation of kiss-and-run synaptic vesicle recycling GOC:TermGenie upregulation of kiss-and-stay synaptic vesicle recycling GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell maturation. jl 2014-09-15T13:31:23Z biological_process regulation of functional differentiation GO:1903429 regulation of cell maturation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell maturation. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:17459944 regulation of functional differentiation GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell maturation. jl 2014-09-15T13:31:32Z down regulation of cell maturation down-regulation of cell maturation downregulation of cell maturation inhibition of cell maturation biological_process down regulation of functional differentiation down-regulation of functional differentiation downregulation of functional differentiation inhibition of functional differentiation negative regulation of functional differentiation GO:1903430 negative regulation of cell maturation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell maturation. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:17459944 down regulation of cell maturation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cell maturation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cell maturation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cell maturation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of functional differentiation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of functional differentiation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of functional differentiation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of functional differentiation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of functional differentiation GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell maturation. jl 2014-09-15T13:31:41Z up regulation of cell maturation up-regulation of cell maturation upregulation of cell maturation activation of cell maturation biological_process activation of functional differentiation positive regulation of functional differentiation up regulation of functional differentiation up-regulation of functional differentiation upregulation of functional differentiation GO:1903431 positive regulation of cell maturation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell maturation. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:17459944 up regulation of cell maturation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cell maturation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cell maturation GOC:TermGenie activation of cell maturation GOC:TermGenie activation of functional differentiation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of functional differentiation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of functional differentiation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of functional differentiation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of functional differentiation GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication. vw 2014-09-23T13:38:25Z regulation of DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle regulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle regulation of mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication biological_process regulation of DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle GO:1903463 regulation of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cell_cycle GO_REF:0000058 PMID:1234 regulation of DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie regulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie regulation of mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie regulation of DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication. vw 2014-09-23T13:38:33Z down regulation of DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle down regulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle down regulation of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication down regulation of mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication down-regulation of DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle down-regulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle down-regulation of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication down-regulation of mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication downregulation of DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle downregulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle downregulation of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication downregulation of mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication negative regulation of DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle negative regulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle negative regulation of mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication inhibition of DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle inhibition of DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle inhibition of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication inhibition of mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication biological_process down regulation of DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle down regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle down-regulation of DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle down-regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle downregulation of DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle downregulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle inhibition of DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle inhibition of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle negative regulation of DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle negative regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle GO:1903464 negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cell_cycle GO_REF:0000058 PMID:1234 down regulation of DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie down regulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie down regulation of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie down regulation of mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie downregulation of DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie downregulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie downregulation of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie downregulation of mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie inhibition of DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie inhibition of DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie inhibition of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie inhibition of mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie down regulation of DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie down regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie downregulation of DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie downregulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie inhibition of DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie inhibition of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication. vw 2014-09-23T13:38:41Z positive regulation of DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle positive regulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle positive regulation of mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication up regulation of DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle up regulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle up regulation of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication up regulation of mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication up-regulation of DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle up-regulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle up-regulation of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication up-regulation of mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication upregulation of DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle upregulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle upregulation of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication upregulation of mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication activation of DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle activation of DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle activation of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication activation of mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication biological_process activation of DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle activation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle positive regulation of DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle positive regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle up regulation of DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle up regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle up-regulation of DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle up-regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle upregulation of DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle upregulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle GO:1903465 positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cell_cycle GO_REF:0000058 PMID:1234 positive regulation of DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie up regulation of DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie up regulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie up regulation of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie up regulation of mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie upregulation of DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie upregulation of DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie upregulation of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie upregulation of mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie activation of DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie activation of DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie activation of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie activation of mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie activation of DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie activation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie up regulation of DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie up regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie upregulation of DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie upregulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic DNA replication. vw 2014-09-23T13:38:49Z regulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication biological_process GO:1903466 regulation of mitotic DNA replication initiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic DNA replication. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cell_cycle GO_REF:0000058 PMID:1234 regulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic DNA replication. vw 2014-09-23T13:38:58Z down regulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic DNA replication down regulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication down-regulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic DNA replication down-regulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication downregulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic DNA replication downregulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication negative regulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication inhibition of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic DNA replication inhibition of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication biological_process GO:1903467 negative regulation of mitotic DNA replication initiation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic DNA replication. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cell_cycle GO_REF:0000058 PMID:1234 down regulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic DNA replication GOC:TermGenie down regulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic DNA replication GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie downregulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic DNA replication GOC:TermGenie downregulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie inhibition of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic DNA replication GOC:TermGenie inhibition of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic DNA replication. vw 2014-09-23T13:39:06Z positive regulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication up regulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic DNA replication up regulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication up-regulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic DNA replication up-regulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication upregulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic DNA replication upregulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication activation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic DNA replication activation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication biological_process GO:1903468 positive regulation of DNA replication initiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic DNA replication. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cell_cycle GO_REF:0000058 PMID:1234 positive regulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie up regulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic DNA replication GOC:TermGenie up regulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic DNA replication GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie upregulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic DNA replication GOC:TermGenie upregulation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie activation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic DNA replication GOC:TermGenie activation of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinesis. al 2014-09-25T09:00:35Z positive regulation of cytokinesis after mitosis up regulation of cytokinesis after mitosis up regulation of mitotic cytokinesis up-regulation of cytokinesis after mitosis up-regulation of mitotic cytokinesis upregulation of cytokinesis after mitosis upregulation of mitotic cytokinesis activation of cytokinesis after mitosis activation of mitotic cytokinesis biological_process GO:1903490 positive regulation of mitotic cytokinesis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinesis. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:24920823 positive regulation of cytokinesis after mitosis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of cytokinesis after mitosis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of mitotic cytokinesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cytokinesis after mitosis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of mitotic cytokinesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cytokinesis after mitosis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of mitotic cytokinesis GOC:TermGenie activation of cytokinesis after mitosis GOC:TermGenie activation of mitotic cytokinesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle checkpoint. al 2014-10-01T13:52:57Z regulation of mitotic cell cycle spindle checkpoint biological_process GO:1903504 Note that this term should not be used for direct manual annotation as it should always be possible to specify the type of spindle checkpoint (assembly, orientation or Dma1-dependent). regulation of mitotic spindle checkpoint Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle checkpoint. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:23442800 regulation of mitotic cell cycle spindle checkpoint GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nucleic acid-templated transcription. pr 2014-10-01T14:44:47Z biological_process GO:1903506 regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nucleic acid-templated transcription. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr GOC:txnOH GOC:vw GO_REF:0000058 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nucleic acid-templated transcription. pr 2014-10-01T14:44:56Z down regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription down-regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription downregulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription inhibition of nucleic acid-templated transcription biological_process GO:1903507 negative regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nucleic acid-templated transcription. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr GOC:txnOH GOC:vw GO_REF:0000058 down regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription GOC:TermGenie downregulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription GOC:TermGenie inhibition of nucleic acid-templated transcription GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nucleic acid-templated transcription. pr 2014-10-01T14:45:04Z up regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription up-regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription upregulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription activation of nucleic acid-templated transcription biological_process GO:1903508 positive regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nucleic acid-templated transcription. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr GOC:txnOH GOC:vw GO_REF:0000058 up regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription GOC:TermGenie upregulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription GOC:TermGenie activation of nucleic acid-templated transcription GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell. pm 2014-10-08T13:24:59Z regulation of cellular secretion biological_process GO:1903530 regulation of secretion by cell Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pm GO_REF:0000058 PMID:12130530 regulation of cellular secretion GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell. pm 2014-10-08T13:25:08Z down regulation of cellular secretion down regulation of secretion by cell down-regulation of cellular secretion down-regulation of secretion by cell downregulation of cellular secretion downregulation of secretion by cell negative regulation of cellular secretion inhibition of cellular secretion inhibition of secretion by cell biological_process GO:1903531 negative regulation of secretion by cell Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pm GO_REF:0000058 PMID:12130530 down regulation of cellular secretion GOC:TermGenie down regulation of secretion by cell GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cellular secretion GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of secretion by cell GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cellular secretion GOC:TermGenie downregulation of secretion by cell GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of cellular secretion GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cellular secretion GOC:TermGenie inhibition of secretion by cell GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell. pm 2014-10-08T13:25:17Z positive regulation of cellular secretion up regulation of cellular secretion up regulation of secretion by cell up-regulation of cellular secretion up-regulation of secretion by cell upregulation of cellular secretion upregulation of secretion by cell activation of cellular secretion activation of secretion by cell biological_process GO:1903532 positive regulation of secretion by cell Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pm GO_REF:0000058 PMID:12130530 positive regulation of cellular secretion GOC:TermGenie up regulation of cellular secretion GOC:TermGenie up regulation of secretion by cell GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cellular secretion GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of secretion by cell GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cellular secretion GOC:TermGenie upregulation of secretion by cell GOC:TermGenie activation of cellular secretion GOC:TermGenie activation of secretion by cell GOC:TermGenie Any meiotic cell cycle process that is involved in oocyte maturation. pr 2014-10-09T10:46:14Z meiosis involved in oocyte maturation biological_process GO:1903537 meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation Any meiotic cell cycle process that is involved in oocyte maturation. GOC:TermGenie GOC:jz GO_REF:0000060 PMID:25212395 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation. pr 2014-10-09T10:52:38Z regulation of meiosis involved in oocyte maturation biological_process GO:1903538 regulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation. GOC:TermGenie GOC:jz GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25212395 regulation of meiosis involved in oocyte maturation GOC:TermGenie Any vesicle that is part of the extracellular region. jl 2014-10-22T14:26:11Z cellular_component microparticle GO:1903561 extracellular vesicle Any vesicle that is part of the extracellular region. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pm GO_REF:0000064 PMID:24769233 microparticle GOC:vesicles Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. bf 2014-10-27T16:15:30Z down regulation of ER stress response down regulation of cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress down regulation of response to ER stress down regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress down-regulation of ER stress response down-regulation of cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress down-regulation of response to ER stress down-regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress downregulation of ER stress response downregulation of cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress downregulation of response to ER stress downregulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress negative regulation of ER stress response negative regulation of cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress negative regulation of response to ER stress inhibition of ER stress response inhibition of cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibition of response to ER stress inhibition of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress biological_process GO:1903573 negative regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. GOC:PARL GOC:TermGenie GOC:bf GO_REF:0000058 PMID:11381086 down regulation of ER stress response GOC:TermGenie down regulation of cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress GOC:TermGenie down regulation of response to ER stress GOC:TermGenie down regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of ER stress response GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of response to ER stress GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress GOC:TermGenie downregulation of ER stress response GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress GOC:TermGenie downregulation of response to ER stress GOC:TermGenie downregulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of ER stress response GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of response to ER stress GOC:TermGenie inhibition of ER stress response GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress GOC:TermGenie inhibition of response to ER stress GOC:TermGenie inhibition of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrion degradation by autophagy. pad 2014-11-10T14:25:53Z positive regulation of mitochondrial degradation up regulation of mitochondrion degradation up-regulation of mitochondrion degradation upregulation of mitochondrion degradation up regulation of mitophagy up-regulation of mitophagy upregulation of mitophagy activation of mitophagy biological_process activation of mitochondrion degradation GO:1903599 An example of this AMBRA1 - human (Q9C0C7) in PMID:21753002 inferred from direct assay positive regulation of autophagy of mitochondrion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrion degradation by autophagy. GOC:PARL GOC:TermGenie GOC:autophagy GOC:pad GO_REF:0000058 PMID:21753002 positive regulation of mitochondrial degradation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of mitochondrion degradation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of mitochondrion degradation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of mitochondrion degradation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of mitophagy GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of mitophagy GOC:TermGenie upregulation of mitophagy GOC:TermGenie activation of mitophagy GOC:TermGenie activation of mitochondrion degradation GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic transport. jl 2014-11-24T13:38:17Z regulation of cytoplasmic streaming biological_process GO:1903649 regulation of cytoplasmic transport Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic transport. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25049409 regulation of cytoplasmic streaming GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic transport. jl 2014-11-24T13:38:26Z down regulation of cytoplasmic transport down-regulation of cytoplasmic transport downregulation of cytoplasmic transport down regulation of cytoplasmic streaming down-regulation of cytoplasmic streaming downregulation of cytoplasmic streaming inhibition of cytoplasmic streaming inhibition of cytoplasmic transport negative regulation of cytoplasmic streaming biological_process GO:1903650 negative regulation of cytoplasmic transport Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic transport. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25049409 down regulation of cytoplasmic transport GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cytoplasmic transport GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cytoplasmic transport GOC:TermGenie down regulation of cytoplasmic streaming GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cytoplasmic streaming GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cytoplasmic streaming GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cytoplasmic streaming GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cytoplasmic transport GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of cytoplasmic streaming GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic transport. jl 2014-11-24T13:38:34Z up regulation of cytoplasmic transport up-regulation of cytoplasmic transport upregulation of cytoplasmic transport activation of cytoplasmic streaming activation of cytoplasmic transport positive regulation of cytoplasmic streaming up regulation of cytoplasmic streaming up-regulation of cytoplasmic streaming upregulation of cytoplasmic streaming biological_process GO:1903651 positive regulation of cytoplasmic transport Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic transport. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25049409 up regulation of cytoplasmic transport GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cytoplasmic transport GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cytoplasmic transport GOC:TermGenie activation of cytoplasmic streaming GOC:TermGenie activation of cytoplasmic transport GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of cytoplasmic streaming GOC:TermGenie up regulation of cytoplasmic streaming GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cytoplasmic streaming GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cytoplasmic streaming GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport. kmv 2014-12-12T16:28:27Z biological_process GO:1903742 regulation of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv GO_REF:0000058 pmid:25329901 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport. kmv 2014-12-12T16:28:37Z down regulation of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport down-regulation of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport downregulation of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport inhibition of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport biological_process GO:1903743 negative regulation of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv GO_REF:0000058 pmid:25329901 down regulation of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport GOC:TermGenie downregulation of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport GOC:TermGenie inhibition of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport. kmv 2014-12-12T16:28:46Z up regulation of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport up-regulation of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport upregulation of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport activation of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport biological_process GO:1903744 positive regulation of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv GO_REF:0000058 pmid:25329901 up regulation of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport GOC:TermGenie upregulation of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport GOC:TermGenie activation of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pharyngeal pumping. kmv 2014-12-12T17:10:59Z down regulation of pharyngeal pumping down-regulation of pharyngeal pumping downregulation of pharyngeal pumping inhibition of pharyngeal pumping biological_process down regulation of pumping behavior down-regulation of pumping behavior downregulation of pumping behavior inhibition of pumping behavior negative regulation of pumping behavior GO:1903745 negative regulation of pharyngeal pumping Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pharyngeal pumping. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv GO_REF:0000058 pmid:25329901 down regulation of pharyngeal pumping GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of pharyngeal pumping GOC:TermGenie downregulation of pharyngeal pumping GOC:TermGenie inhibition of pharyngeal pumping GOC:TermGenie down regulation of pumping behavior GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of pumping behavior GOC:TermGenie downregulation of pumping behavior GOC:TermGenie inhibition of pumping behavior GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of pumping behavior GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pharyngeal pumping. kmv 2014-12-12T17:11:09Z up regulation of pharyngeal pumping up-regulation of pharyngeal pumping upregulation of pharyngeal pumping activation of pharyngeal pumping biological_process activation of pumping behavior positive regulation of pumping behavior up regulation of pumping behavior up-regulation of pumping behavior upregulation of pumping behavior GO:1903746 positive regulation of pharyngeal pumping Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pharyngeal pumping. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv GO_REF:0000058 pmid:25329901 up regulation of pharyngeal pumping GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of pharyngeal pumping GOC:TermGenie upregulation of pharyngeal pumping GOC:TermGenie activation of pharyngeal pumping GOC:TermGenie activation of pumping behavior GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of pumping behavior GOC:TermGenie up regulation of pumping behavior GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of pumping behavior GOC:TermGenie upregulation of pumping behavior GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular protein localization. Cellular protein localization is any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location and encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell. jl 2015-01-20T14:32:14Z regulation of cellular protein localisation regulation of channel localizer activity biological_process GO:1903827 regulation of cellular protein localization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular protein localization. Cellular protein localization is any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location and encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell. GOC:TermGenie GOC:vw GO_REF:0000058 regulation of cellular protein localisation GOC:TermGenie regulation of channel localizer activity GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular protein localization. Cellular protein localization is any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location and encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell. jl 2015-01-20T14:32:24Z down regulation of cellular protein localisation down regulation of cellular protein localization down-regulation of cellular protein localisation down-regulation of cellular protein localization downregulation of cellular protein localisation downregulation of cellular protein localization negative regulation of cellular protein localisation down regulation of channel localizer activity down-regulation of channel localizer activity downregulation of channel localizer activity inhibition of cellular protein localisation inhibition of cellular protein localization inhibition of channel localizer activity negative regulation of channel localizer activity biological_process GO:1903828 negative regulation of cellular protein localization Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular protein localization. Cellular protein localization is any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location and encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell. GOC:TermGenie GOC:vw GO_REF:0000058 down regulation of cellular protein localisation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of cellular protein localization GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cellular protein localisation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cellular protein localization GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cellular protein localisation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cellular protein localization GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of cellular protein localisation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of channel localizer activity GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of channel localizer activity GOC:TermGenie downregulation of channel localizer activity GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cellular protein localisation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cellular protein localization GOC:TermGenie inhibition of channel localizer activity GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of channel localizer activity GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular protein localization. Cellular protein localization is any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location and encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell. jl 2015-01-20T14:32:33Z positive regulation of cellular protein localisation up regulation of cellular protein localisation up regulation of cellular protein localization up-regulation of cellular protein localisation up-regulation of cellular protein localization upregulation of cellular protein localisation upregulation of cellular protein localization activation of cellular protein localisation activation of cellular protein localization activation of channel localizer activity positive regulation of channel localizer activity up regulation of channel localizer activity up-regulation of channel localizer activity upregulation of channel localizer activity biological_process GO:1903829 positive regulation of cellular protein localization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular protein localization. Cellular protein localization is any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location and encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell. GOC:TermGenie GOC:vw GO_REF:0000058 positive regulation of cellular protein localisation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of cellular protein localisation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of cellular protein localization GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cellular protein localisation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cellular protein localization GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cellular protein localisation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cellular protein localization GOC:TermGenie activation of cellular protein localisation GOC:TermGenie activation of cellular protein localization GOC:TermGenie activation of channel localizer activity GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of channel localizer activity GOC:TermGenie up regulation of channel localizer activity GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of channel localizer activity GOC:TermGenie upregulation of channel localizer activity GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eating behavior. sl 2015-03-05T20:40:22Z regulation of eating behaviour biological_process GO:1903998 regulation of eating behavior Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eating behavior. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:11961051 regulation of eating behaviour GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eating behavior. sl 2015-03-05T20:40:28Z down regulation of eating behavior down regulation of eating behaviour down-regulation of eating behavior down-regulation of eating behaviour downregulation of eating behavior downregulation of eating behaviour negative regulation of eating behaviour inhibition of eating behavior inhibition of eating behaviour biological_process GO:1903999 negative regulation of eating behavior Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eating behavior. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:11961051 down regulation of eating behavior GOC:TermGenie down regulation of eating behaviour GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of eating behavior GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of eating behaviour GOC:TermGenie downregulation of eating behavior GOC:TermGenie downregulation of eating behaviour GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of eating behaviour GOC:TermGenie inhibition of eating behavior GOC:TermGenie inhibition of eating behaviour GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eating behavior. sl 2015-03-05T20:40:35Z positive regulation of eating behaviour up regulation of eating behavior up regulation of eating behaviour up-regulation of eating behavior up-regulation of eating behaviour upregulation of eating behavior upregulation of eating behaviour activation of eating behavior activation of eating behaviour biological_process GO:1904000 positive regulation of eating behavior Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eating behavior. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:11961051 positive regulation of eating behaviour GOC:TermGenie up regulation of eating behavior GOC:TermGenie up regulation of eating behaviour GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of eating behavior GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of eating behaviour GOC:TermGenie upregulation of eating behavior GOC:TermGenie upregulation of eating behaviour GOC:TermGenie activation of eating behavior GOC:TermGenie activation of eating behaviour GOC:TermGenie Any positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in neuron differentiation. kmv 2015-03-24T20:15:59Z activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation positive regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter involved in neuron differentiation stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation stimulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation biological_process activation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation positive regulation of gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation positive regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter involved in neuron differentiation positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, global involved in neuron differentiation up regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation up-regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation upregulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation GO:1904081 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation Any positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in neuron differentiation. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv GO_REF:0000060 PMID:24353061 activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter involved in neuron differentiation GOC:TermGenie stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation GOC:TermGenie stimulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation GOC:TermGenie activation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter involved in neuron differentiation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, global involved in neuron differentiation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation GOC:TermGenie A negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process. pr 2015-03-25T21:04:51Z negative regulation of programmed cell death, neurons by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter negative regulation of neuron apoptosis by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter biological_process GO:1904089 negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter A negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv GO_REF:0000063 PMID:20150917 negative regulation of programmed cell death, neurons by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of neuron apoptosis by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagic cell death. bhm 2015-03-26T16:41:32Z regulation of autophagic death regulation of programmed cell death by autophagy regulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy biological_process regulation of type II programmed cell death GO:1904092 regulation of autophagic cell death Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagic cell death. GOC:TermGenie GOC:bhm GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25736836 regulation of autophagic death GOC:TermGenie regulation of programmed cell death by autophagy GOC:TermGenie regulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy GOC:TermGenie regulation of type II programmed cell death GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of autophagic cell death. bhm 2015-03-26T16:41:39Z down regulation of autophagic cell death down regulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy down-regulation of autophagic cell death down-regulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy downregulation of autophagic cell death downregulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy negative regulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy inhibition of autophagic cell death inhibition of programmed cell death by macroautophagy biological_process down regulation of type II programmed cell death down-regulation of type II programmed cell death downregulation of type II programmed cell death inhibition of type II programmed cell death negative regulation of type II programmed cell death GO:1904093 negative regulation of autophagic cell death Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of autophagic cell death. GOC:TermGenie GOC:bhm GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25736836 down regulation of autophagic cell death GOC:TermGenie down regulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of autophagic cell death GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy GOC:TermGenie downregulation of autophagic cell death GOC:TermGenie downregulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy GOC:TermGenie inhibition of autophagic cell death GOC:TermGenie inhibition of programmed cell death by macroautophagy GOC:TermGenie down regulation of type II programmed cell death GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of type II programmed cell death GOC:TermGenie downregulation of type II programmed cell death GOC:TermGenie inhibition of type II programmed cell death GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of type II programmed cell death GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of autophagic cell death. bhm 2015-03-26T16:41:45Z positive regulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy up regulation of autophagic cell death up regulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy up-regulation of autophagic cell death up-regulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy upregulation of autophagic cell death upregulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy activation of autophagic cell death activation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy biological_process activation of type II programmed cell death positive regulation of type II programmed cell death up regulation of type II programmed cell death up-regulation of type II programmed cell death upregulation of type II programmed cell death GO:1904094 positive regulation of autophagic cell death Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of autophagic cell death. GOC:TermGenie GOC:bhm GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25736836 positive regulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy GOC:TermGenie up regulation of autophagic cell death GOC:TermGenie up regulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of autophagic cell death GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy GOC:TermGenie upregulation of autophagic cell death GOC:TermGenie upregulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy GOC:TermGenie activation of autophagic cell death GOC:TermGenie activation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy GOC:TermGenie activation of type II programmed cell death GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of type II programmed cell death GOC:TermGenie up regulation of type II programmed cell death GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of type II programmed cell death GOC:TermGenie upregulation of type II programmed cell death GOC:TermGenie Any cytoplasm that is part of a axon. sl 2015-04-06T18:13:14Z axoplasm cellular_component GO:1904115 axon cytoplasm Any cytoplasm that is part of a axon. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000064 PMID:18667152 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation. tb 2015-04-14T15:59:22Z down regulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation down-regulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation downregulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation inhibition of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation biological_process GO:1904145 negative regulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:22674394 down regulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation. tb 2015-04-14T15:59:28Z up regulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation up-regulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation upregulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation activation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation biological_process GO:1904146 positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:22674394 up regulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation GOC:TermGenie activation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint. kmv 2015-06-09T13:03:11Z biological_process GO:1904289 regulation of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv GO_REF:0000058 PMID:16549501 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint. kmv 2015-06-09T13:03:17Z down regulation of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint down-regulation of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint downregulation of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint inhibition of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint biological_process GO:1904290 negative regulation of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv GO_REF:0000058 PMID:16549501 down regulation of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint GOC:TermGenie downregulation of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint GOC:TermGenie inhibition of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint. kmv 2015-06-09T13:03:23Z up regulation of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint up-regulation of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint upregulation of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint activation of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint biological_process GO:1904291 positive regulation of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv GO_REF:0000058 PMID:16549501 up regulation of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint GOC:TermGenie upregulation of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint GOC:TermGenie activation of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein catabolic process in the vacuole. rl 2015-06-12T09:10:36Z biological_process regulation of vacuolar protein breakdown regulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process regulation of vacuolar protein catabolism regulation of vacuolar protein degradation GO:1904350 regulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein catabolic process in the vacuole. GOC:BHF GOC:TermGenie GOC:rl GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25635054 regulation of vacuolar protein breakdown GOC:TermGenie regulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process GOC:TermGenie regulation of vacuolar protein catabolism GOC:TermGenie regulation of vacuolar protein degradation GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein catabolic process in the vacuole. rl 2015-06-12T09:10:42Z down regulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole down-regulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole downregulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole inhibition of protein catabolic process in the vacuole biological_process down regulation of vacuolar protein breakdown down regulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process down regulation of vacuolar protein catabolism down regulation of vacuolar protein degradation down-regulation of vacuolar protein breakdown down-regulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process down-regulation of vacuolar protein catabolism down-regulation of vacuolar protein degradation downregulation of vacuolar protein breakdown downregulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process downregulation of vacuolar protein catabolism downregulation of vacuolar protein degradation inhibition of vacuolar protein breakdown inhibition of vacuolar protein catabolic process inhibition of vacuolar protein catabolism inhibition of vacuolar protein degradation negative regulation of vacuolar protein breakdown negative regulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process negative regulation of vacuolar protein catabolism negative regulation of vacuolar protein degradation GO:1904351 negative regulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein catabolic process in the vacuole. GOC:BHF GOC:TermGenie GOC:rl GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25635054 down regulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole GOC:TermGenie downregulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole GOC:TermGenie inhibition of protein catabolic process in the vacuole GOC:TermGenie down regulation of vacuolar protein breakdown GOC:TermGenie down regulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process GOC:TermGenie down regulation of vacuolar protein catabolism GOC:TermGenie down regulation of vacuolar protein degradation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of vacuolar protein breakdown GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of vacuolar protein catabolism GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of vacuolar protein degradation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of vacuolar protein breakdown GOC:TermGenie downregulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process GOC:TermGenie downregulation of vacuolar protein catabolism GOC:TermGenie downregulation of vacuolar protein degradation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of vacuolar protein breakdown GOC:TermGenie inhibition of vacuolar protein catabolic process GOC:TermGenie inhibition of vacuolar protein catabolism GOC:TermGenie inhibition of vacuolar protein degradation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of vacuolar protein breakdown GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of vacuolar protein catabolism GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of vacuolar protein degradation GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein catabolic process in the vacuole. rl 2015-06-12T09:10:49Z up regulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole up-regulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole upregulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole activation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole biological_process activation of vacuolar protein breakdown activation of vacuolar protein catabolic process activation of vacuolar protein catabolism activation of vacuolar protein degradation positive regulation of vacuolar protein breakdown positive regulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process positive regulation of vacuolar protein catabolism positive regulation of vacuolar protein degradation up regulation of vacuolar protein breakdown up regulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process up regulation of vacuolar protein catabolism up regulation of vacuolar protein degradation up-regulation of vacuolar protein breakdown up-regulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process up-regulation of vacuolar protein catabolism up-regulation of vacuolar protein degradation upregulation of vacuolar protein breakdown upregulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process upregulation of vacuolar protein catabolism upregulation of vacuolar protein degradation GO:1904352 positive regulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein catabolic process in the vacuole. GOC:BHF GOC:TermGenie GOC:rl GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25635054 up regulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole GOC:TermGenie upregulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole GOC:TermGenie activation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole GOC:TermGenie activation of vacuolar protein breakdown GOC:TermGenie activation of vacuolar protein catabolic process GOC:TermGenie activation of vacuolar protein catabolism GOC:TermGenie activation of vacuolar protein degradation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of vacuolar protein breakdown GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of vacuolar protein catabolism GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of vacuolar protein degradation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of vacuolar protein breakdown GOC:TermGenie up regulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process GOC:TermGenie up regulation of vacuolar protein catabolism GOC:TermGenie up regulation of vacuolar protein degradation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of vacuolar protein breakdown GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of vacuolar protein catabolism GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of vacuolar protein degradation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of vacuolar protein breakdown GOC:TermGenie upregulation of vacuolar protein catabolic process GOC:TermGenie upregulation of vacuolar protein catabolism GOC:TermGenie upregulation of vacuolar protein degradation GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening. nc 2015-06-12T16:53:16Z biological_process GO:1904356 regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening. GOC:BHF GOC:BHF_telomere GOC:TermGenie GOC:nc GO_REF:0000058 PMID:23959892 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening. nc 2015-06-12T16:53:22Z down regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening down-regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening downregulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening inhibition of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening biological_process GO:1904357 negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening. GOC:BHF GOC:BHF_telomere GOC:TermGenie GOC:nc GO_REF:0000058 PMID:23959892 down regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening GOC:TermGenie downregulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening GOC:TermGenie inhibition of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening. nc 2015-06-12T16:53:28Z up regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening up-regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening upregulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening activation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening biological_process GO:1904358 positive regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening. GOC:BHF GOC:BHF_telomere GOC:TermGenie GOC:nc GO_REF:0000058 PMID:23959892 up regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening GOC:TermGenie upregulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening GOC:TermGenie activation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secretory granule organization. sl 2015-06-25T19:40:42Z regulation of secretory granule organisation biological_process regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis GO:1904409 regulation of secretory granule organization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secretory granule organization. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:15039777 regulation of secretory granule organisation GOC:TermGenie regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secretory granule organization. sl 2015-06-25T19:40:49Z down regulation of secretory granule organisation down regulation of secretory granule organization down-regulation of secretory granule organisation down-regulation of secretory granule organization downregulation of secretory granule organisation downregulation of secretory granule organization negative regulation of secretory granule organisation inhibition of secretory granule organisation inhibition of secretory granule organization biological_process down regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis down-regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis downregulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis inhibition of secretory granule organization and biogenesis negative regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis GO:1904410 negative regulation of secretory granule organization Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secretory granule organization. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:15039777 down regulation of secretory granule organisation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of secretory granule organization GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of secretory granule organisation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of secretory granule organization GOC:TermGenie downregulation of secretory granule organisation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of secretory granule organization GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of secretory granule organisation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of secretory granule organisation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of secretory granule organization GOC:TermGenie down regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of secretory granule organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secretory granule organization. sl 2015-06-25T19:40:55Z positive regulation of secretory granule organisation up regulation of secretory granule organisation up regulation of secretory granule organization up-regulation of secretory granule organisation up-regulation of secretory granule organization upregulation of secretory granule organisation upregulation of secretory granule organization activation of secretory granule organisation activation of secretory granule organization biological_process activation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis positive regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis up regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis up-regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis upregulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis GO:1904411 positive regulation of secretory granule organization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secretory granule organization. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:15039777 positive regulation of secretory granule organisation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of secretory granule organisation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of secretory granule organization GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of secretory granule organisation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of secretory granule organization GOC:TermGenie upregulation of secretory granule organisation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of secretory granule organization GOC:TermGenie activation of secretory granule organisation GOC:TermGenie activation of secretory granule organization GOC:TermGenie activation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication. mah 2015-07-28T12:59:17Z regulation of premeiotic DNA replication initiation biological_process regulation of initiation of meiotic DNA synthesis regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA synthesis regulation of meiotic DNA replication initiation GO:1904512 regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25891897 regulation of premeiotic DNA replication initiation GOC:TermGenie regulation of initiation of meiotic DNA synthesis GOC:TermGenie regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA synthesis GOC:TermGenie regulation of meiotic DNA replication initiation GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication. mah 2015-07-28T12:59:23Z down regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication down regulation of premeiotic DNA replication initiation down-regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication down-regulation of premeiotic DNA replication initiation downregulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication downregulation of premeiotic DNA replication initiation negative regulation of premeiotic DNA replication initiation inhibition of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication inhibition of premeiotic DNA replication initiation biological_process down regulation of initiation of meiotic DNA synthesis down regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA synthesis down regulation of meiotic DNA replication initiation down-regulation of initiation of meiotic DNA synthesis down-regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA synthesis down-regulation of meiotic DNA replication initiation downregulation of initiation of meiotic DNA synthesis downregulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA synthesis downregulation of meiotic DNA replication initiation inhibition of initiation of meiotic DNA synthesis inhibition of initiation of premeiotic DNA synthesis inhibition of meiotic DNA replication initiation negative regulation of initiation of meiotic DNA synthesis negative regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA synthesis negative regulation of meiotic DNA replication initiation GO:1904513 negative regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25891897 down regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication GOC:TermGenie down regulation of premeiotic DNA replication initiation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of premeiotic DNA replication initiation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication GOC:TermGenie downregulation of premeiotic DNA replication initiation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of premeiotic DNA replication initiation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication GOC:TermGenie inhibition of premeiotic DNA replication initiation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of initiation of meiotic DNA synthesis GOC:TermGenie down regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA synthesis GOC:TermGenie down regulation of meiotic DNA replication initiation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of initiation of meiotic DNA synthesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA synthesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of meiotic DNA replication initiation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of initiation of meiotic DNA synthesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA synthesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of meiotic DNA replication initiation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of initiation of meiotic DNA synthesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of initiation of premeiotic DNA synthesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of meiotic DNA replication initiation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of initiation of meiotic DNA synthesis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA synthesis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of meiotic DNA replication initiation GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication. mah 2015-07-28T12:59:29Z positive regulation of premeiotic DNA replication initiation up regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication up regulation of premeiotic DNA replication initiation up-regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication up-regulation of premeiotic DNA replication initiation upregulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication upregulation of premeiotic DNA replication initiation activation of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication activation of premeiotic DNA replication initiation biological_process activation of initiation of meiotic DNA synthesis activation of initiation of premeiotic DNA synthesis activation of meiotic DNA replication initiation positive regulation of initiation of meiotic DNA synthesis positive regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA synthesis positive regulation of meiotic DNA replication initiation up regulation of initiation of meiotic DNA synthesis up regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA synthesis up regulation of meiotic DNA replication initiation up-regulation of initiation of meiotic DNA synthesis up-regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA synthesis up-regulation of meiotic DNA replication initiation upregulation of initiation of meiotic DNA synthesis upregulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA synthesis upregulation of meiotic DNA replication initiation GO:1904514 positive regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25891897 positive regulation of premeiotic DNA replication initiation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication GOC:TermGenie up regulation of premeiotic DNA replication initiation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of premeiotic DNA replication initiation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication GOC:TermGenie upregulation of premeiotic DNA replication initiation GOC:TermGenie activation of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication GOC:TermGenie activation of premeiotic DNA replication initiation GOC:TermGenie activation of initiation of meiotic DNA synthesis GOC:TermGenie activation of initiation of premeiotic DNA synthesis GOC:TermGenie activation of meiotic DNA replication initiation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of initiation of meiotic DNA synthesis GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA synthesis GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of meiotic DNA replication initiation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of initiation of meiotic DNA synthesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA synthesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of meiotic DNA replication initiation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of initiation of meiotic DNA synthesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA synthesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of meiotic DNA replication initiation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of initiation of meiotic DNA synthesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA synthesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of meiotic DNA replication initiation GOC:TermGenie Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tunicamycin stimulus. sl 2015-08-19T18:01:52Z biological_process GO:1904576 response to tunicamycin Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tunicamycin stimulus. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000071 PMID:23106379 A posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression that results in regulation of synapse organization. tb 2015-10-15T21:25:46Z regulation of synapse development by posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression regulation of synapse organisation by posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression biological_process regulation of synapse morphogenesis by posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression regulation of synapse organization and biogenesis by posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression GO:1904739 regulation of synapse organization by posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression A posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression that results in regulation of synapse organization. GOC:TermGenie GOC:rb GO_REF:0000063 PMID:20729808 regulation of synapse development by posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression GOC:TermGenie regulation of synapse organisation by posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression GOC:TermGenie regulation of synapse morphogenesis by posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression GOC:TermGenie regulation of synapse organization and biogenesis by posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development. es 2015-10-19T14:12:27Z down regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development down regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure down regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development down regulation of apoptotic process involved in development down regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure down regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development down regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure down regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development down regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure down-regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development down-regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure down-regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development down-regulation of apoptotic process involved in development down-regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure down-regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development down-regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure down-regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development down-regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure downregulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development downregulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure downregulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development downregulation of apoptotic process involved in development downregulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure downregulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development downregulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure downregulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development downregulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure negative regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development negative regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure negative regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development negative regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure negative regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development negative regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure down regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development down regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure down regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development down regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure down regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development down regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure down regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development down regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure down regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development down regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure down-regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development down-regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure down-regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development down-regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure down-regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development down-regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure down-regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development down-regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure down-regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development down-regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure downregulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development downregulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure downregulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development downregulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure downregulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development downregulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure downregulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development downregulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure downregulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development downregulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure inhibition of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development inhibition of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure inhibition of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development inhibition of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure inhibition of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development inhibition of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure inhibition of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development inhibition of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure inhibition of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development inhibition of apoptotic process involved in development inhibition of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure inhibition of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development inhibition of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure inhibition of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development inhibition of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure inhibition of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development inhibition of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure inhibition of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development inhibition of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure negative regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development negative regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure negative regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development negative regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure negative regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development negative regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure negative regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development negative regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure negative regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development negative regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure biological_process down regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development down regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure down regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development down regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure down regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development down regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure down regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development down regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure down regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development down regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure down-regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development down-regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure down-regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development down-regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure down-regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development down-regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure down-regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development down-regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure down-regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development down-regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure downregulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development downregulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure downregulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development downregulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure downregulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development downregulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure downregulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development downregulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure downregulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development downregulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure inhibition of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development inhibition of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure inhibition of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development inhibition of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure inhibition of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development inhibition of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure inhibition of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development inhibition of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure inhibition of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development inhibition of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure negative regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development negative regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure negative regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development negative regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure negative regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development negative regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure negative regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development negative regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure negative regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development negative regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GO:1904746 U4PR86 in PMID:22801495 inferred from mutant phenotype negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in development Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:22801495 down regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptotic process involved in development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptotic process involved in development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptotic process involved in development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie downregulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie downregulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie downregulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie inhibition of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptotic process involved in development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie inhibition of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie inhibition of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie downregulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie downregulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie downregulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie downregulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie inhibition of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie inhibition of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie inhibition of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie inhibition of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development. es 2015-10-19T14:12:34Z positive regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development positive regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure positive regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development positive regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure positive regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development positive regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure up regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development up regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure up regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development up regulation of apoptotic process involved in development up regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure up regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development up regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure up regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development up regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure up-regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development up-regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure up-regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development up-regulation of apoptotic process involved in development up-regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure up-regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development up-regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure up-regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development up-regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure upregulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development upregulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure upregulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development upregulation of apoptotic process involved in development upregulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure upregulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development upregulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure upregulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development upregulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development activation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development activation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development activation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development activation of apoptotic process involved in development activation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development activation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development activation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development activation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development activation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure positive regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development positive regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure positive regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development positive regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure positive regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development positive regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure positive regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development positive regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure positive regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development positive regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure up regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development up regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure up regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development up regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure up regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development up regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure up regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development up regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure up regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development up regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure up-regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development up-regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure up-regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development up-regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure up-regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development up-regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure up-regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development up-regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure up-regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development up-regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure upregulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development upregulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure upregulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development upregulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure upregulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development upregulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure upregulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development upregulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure upregulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development upregulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure biological_process activation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development activation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development activation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development activation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development activation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development activation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure positive regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development positive regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure positive regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development positive regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure positive regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development positive regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure positive regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development positive regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure positive regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development positive regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure up regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development up regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure up regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development up regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure up regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development up regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure up regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development up regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure up regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development up regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure up-regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development up-regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure up-regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development up-regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure up-regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development up-regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure up-regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development up-regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure up-regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development up-regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure upregulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development upregulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure upregulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development upregulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure upregulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development upregulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure upregulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development upregulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure upregulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development upregulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GO:1904747 U4PR86 in PMID:22801495 inferred from mutant phenotype positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in development Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:22801495 positive regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptotic process involved in development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptotic process involved in development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptotic process involved in development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie upregulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptotic process involved in development GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie upregulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie upregulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie upregulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie upregulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie upregulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie upregulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development. es 2015-10-19T15:02:28Z regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure biological_process regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GO:1904748 Q10943 in PMID:22801495, inferred from mutant phenotype regulation of apoptotic process involved in development Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:22801495 regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie Any regulation of translation that is involved in cellular response to UV. mah 2015-11-10T12:12:41Z regulation of protein anabolism involved in cellular response to UV regulation of protein biosynthesis involved in cellular response to UV regulation of protein formation involved in cellular response to UV regulation of protein synthesis involved in cellular response to UV regulation of translation involved in cellular response to UV light stimulus regulation of translation involved in cellular response to UV radiation stimulus regulation of translation involved in cellular response to ultraviolet light stimulus regulation of translation involved in cellular response to ultraviolet radiation stimulus biological_process GO:1904803 regulation of translation involved in cellular response to UV Any regulation of translation that is involved in cellular response to UV. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000060 PMID:17369398 regulation of protein anabolism involved in cellular response to UV GOC:TermGenie regulation of protein biosynthesis involved in cellular response to UV GOC:TermGenie regulation of protein formation involved in cellular response to UV GOC:TermGenie regulation of protein synthesis involved in cellular response to UV GOC:TermGenie regulation of translation involved in cellular response to UV light stimulus GOC:TermGenie regulation of translation involved in cellular response to UV radiation stimulus GOC:TermGenie regulation of translation involved in cellular response to ultraviolet light stimulus GOC:TermGenie regulation of translation involved in cellular response to ultraviolet radiation stimulus GOC:TermGenie Any DNA biosynthetic process that is involved in mitotic DNA replication. mah 2015-12-16T12:02:37Z DNA anabolism involved in DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA anabolism involved in DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA anabolism involved in mitotic DNA replication DNA anabolism involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication DNA anabolism involved in mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication DNA biosynthesis involved in DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA biosynthesis involved in DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA biosynthesis involved in mitotic DNA replication DNA biosynthesis involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication DNA biosynthesis involved in mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication DNA biosynthetic process involved in DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA biosynthetic process involved in DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA biosynthetic process involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication DNA biosynthetic process involved in mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication DNA formation involved in DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA formation involved in DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA formation involved in mitotic DNA replication DNA formation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication DNA formation involved in mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication DNA synthesis involved in DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA synthesis involved in DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA synthesis involved in mitotic DNA replication DNA synthesis involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication DNA synthesis involved in mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication biological_process DNA anabolism involved in DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA anabolism involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA biosynthesis involved in DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA biosynthesis involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA biosynthetic process involved in DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA biosynthetic process involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA formation involved in DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA formation involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA synthesis involved in DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA synthesis involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle GO:1904860 DNA biosynthetic process involved in mitotic DNA replication Any DNA biosynthetic process that is involved in mitotic DNA replication. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000060 PMID:16849602 DNA anabolism involved in DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie DNA anabolism involved in DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie DNA anabolism involved in mitotic DNA replication GOC:TermGenie DNA anabolism involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie DNA anabolism involved in mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie DNA biosynthesis involved in DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie DNA biosynthesis involved in DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie DNA biosynthesis involved in mitotic DNA replication GOC:TermGenie DNA biosynthesis involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie DNA biosynthesis involved in mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie DNA biosynthetic process involved in DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie DNA biosynthetic process involved in DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie DNA biosynthetic process involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie DNA biosynthetic process involved in mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie DNA formation involved in DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie DNA formation involved in DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie DNA formation involved in mitotic DNA replication GOC:TermGenie DNA formation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie DNA formation involved in mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie DNA synthesis involved in DNA replication involved in S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie DNA synthesis involved in DNA replication involved in S-phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie DNA synthesis involved in mitotic DNA replication GOC:TermGenie DNA synthesis involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie DNA synthesis involved in mitotic nuclear cell cycle DNA replication GOC:TermGenie DNA anabolism involved in DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie DNA anabolism involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie DNA biosynthesis involved in DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie DNA biosynthesis involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie DNA biosynthetic process involved in DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie DNA biosynthetic process involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie DNA formation involved in DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie DNA formation involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie DNA synthesis involved in DNA replication during S phase involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie DNA synthesis involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication involved in mitotic cell cycle GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization. mec 2016-02-05T09:59:24Z down regulation of establishment of protein localisation down regulation of establishment of protein localization down regulation of protein positioning down regulation of protein recruitment down-regulation of establishment of protein localisation down-regulation of establishment of protein localization down-regulation of protein positioning down-regulation of protein recruitment downregulation of establishment of protein localisation downregulation of establishment of protein localization downregulation of protein positioning downregulation of protein recruitment negative regulation of establishment of protein localisation negative regulation of protein positioning negative regulation of protein recruitment inhibition of establishment of protein localisation inhibition of establishment of protein localization inhibition of protein positioning inhibition of protein recruitment biological_process GO:1904950 negative regulation of establishment of protein localization Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:22761445 down regulation of establishment of protein localisation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of establishment of protein localization GOC:TermGenie down regulation of protein positioning GOC:TermGenie down regulation of protein recruitment GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of establishment of protein localisation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of establishment of protein localization GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of protein positioning GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of protein recruitment GOC:TermGenie downregulation of establishment of protein localisation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of establishment of protein localization GOC:TermGenie downregulation of protein positioning GOC:TermGenie downregulation of protein recruitment GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of establishment of protein localisation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of protein positioning GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of protein recruitment GOC:TermGenie inhibition of establishment of protein localisation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of establishment of protein localization GOC:TermGenie inhibition of protein positioning GOC:TermGenie inhibition of protein recruitment GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization. mec 2016-02-05T09:59:32Z positive regulation of establishment of protein localisation positive regulation of protein positioning positive regulation of protein recruitment up regulation of establishment of protein localisation up regulation of establishment of protein localization up regulation of protein positioning up regulation of protein recruitment up-regulation of establishment of protein localisation up-regulation of establishment of protein localization up-regulation of protein positioning up-regulation of protein recruitment upregulation of establishment of protein localisation upregulation of establishment of protein localization upregulation of protein positioning upregulation of protein recruitment activation of establishment of protein localisation activation of establishment of protein localization activation of protein positioning activation of protein recruitment biological_process GO:1904951 positive regulation of establishment of protein localization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:22761445 positive regulation of establishment of protein localisation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of protein positioning GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of protein recruitment GOC:TermGenie up regulation of establishment of protein localisation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of establishment of protein localization GOC:TermGenie up regulation of protein positioning GOC:TermGenie up regulation of protein recruitment GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of establishment of protein localisation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of establishment of protein localization GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of protein positioning GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of protein recruitment GOC:TermGenie upregulation of establishment of protein localisation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of establishment of protein localization GOC:TermGenie upregulation of protein positioning GOC:TermGenie upregulation of protein recruitment GOC:TermGenie activation of establishment of protein localisation GOC:TermGenie activation of establishment of protein localization GOC:TermGenie activation of protein positioning GOC:TermGenie activation of protein recruitment GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial translational elongation. hjd 2016-03-25T17:37:03Z regulation of mitochondrial translation elongation biological_process GO:1905082 regulation of mitochondrial translational elongation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial translational elongation. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25738458 regulation of mitochondrial translation elongation GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial translational elongation. hjd 2016-03-25T17:37:13Z down regulation of mitochondrial translation elongation down regulation of mitochondrial translational elongation down-regulation of mitochondrial translation elongation down-regulation of mitochondrial translational elongation downregulation of mitochondrial translation elongation downregulation of mitochondrial translational elongation negative regulation of mitochondrial translation elongation inhibition of mitochondrial translation elongation inhibition of mitochondrial translational elongation biological_process GO:1905083 negative regulation of mitochondrial translational elongation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial translational elongation. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25738458 down regulation of mitochondrial translation elongation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of mitochondrial translational elongation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of mitochondrial translation elongation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of mitochondrial translational elongation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of mitochondrial translation elongation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of mitochondrial translational elongation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of mitochondrial translation elongation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of mitochondrial translation elongation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of mitochondrial translational elongation GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial translational elongation. hjd 2016-03-25T17:37:22Z positive regulation of mitochondrial translation elongation up regulation of mitochondrial translation elongation up regulation of mitochondrial translational elongation up-regulation of mitochondrial translation elongation up-regulation of mitochondrial translational elongation upregulation of mitochondrial translation elongation upregulation of mitochondrial translational elongation activation of mitochondrial translation elongation activation of mitochondrial translational elongation biological_process GO:1905084 positive regulation of mitochondrial translational elongation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial translational elongation. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25738458 positive regulation of mitochondrial translation elongation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of mitochondrial translation elongation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of mitochondrial translational elongation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of mitochondrial translation elongation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of mitochondrial translational elongation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of mitochondrial translation elongation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of mitochondrial translational elongation GOC:TermGenie activation of mitochondrial translation elongation GOC:TermGenie activation of mitochondrial translational elongation GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic chromosome separation. dph 2016-04-12T17:46:29Z regulation of chromosome separation during meiosis regulation of meiotic chromosome resolution biological_process GO:1905132 regulation of meiotic chromosome separation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic chromosome separation. GOC:TermGenie GOC:vw GO_REF:0000058 PMID:15620645 regulation of chromosome separation during meiosis GOC:TermGenie regulation of meiotic chromosome resolution GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic chromosome separation. dph 2016-04-12T17:46:37Z down regulation of chromosome separation during meiosis down regulation of meiotic chromosome resolution down regulation of meiotic chromosome separation down-regulation of chromosome separation during meiosis down-regulation of meiotic chromosome resolution down-regulation of meiotic chromosome separation downregulation of chromosome separation during meiosis downregulation of meiotic chromosome resolution downregulation of meiotic chromosome separation negative regulation of chromosome separation during meiosis negative regulation of meiotic chromosome resolution inhibition of chromosome separation during meiosis inhibition of meiotic chromosome resolution inhibition of meiotic chromosome separation biological_process GO:1905133 negative regulation of meiotic chromosome separation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic chromosome separation. GOC:TermGenie GOC:vw GO_REF:0000058 PMID:15620645 down regulation of chromosome separation during meiosis GOC:TermGenie down regulation of meiotic chromosome resolution GOC:TermGenie down regulation of meiotic chromosome separation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of chromosome separation during meiosis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of meiotic chromosome resolution GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of meiotic chromosome separation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of chromosome separation during meiosis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of meiotic chromosome resolution GOC:TermGenie downregulation of meiotic chromosome separation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of chromosome separation during meiosis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of meiotic chromosome resolution GOC:TermGenie inhibition of chromosome separation during meiosis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of meiotic chromosome resolution GOC:TermGenie inhibition of meiotic chromosome separation GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic chromosome separation. dph 2016-04-12T17:46:45Z positive regulation of chromosome separation during meiosis positive regulation of meiotic chromosome resolution up regulation of chromosome separation during meiosis up regulation of meiotic chromosome resolution up regulation of meiotic chromosome separation up-regulation of chromosome separation during meiosis up-regulation of meiotic chromosome resolution up-regulation of meiotic chromosome separation upregulation of chromosome separation during meiosis upregulation of meiotic chromosome resolution upregulation of meiotic chromosome separation activation of chromosome separation during meiosis activation of meiotic chromosome resolution activation of meiotic chromosome separation biological_process GO:1905134 positive regulation of meiotic chromosome separation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic chromosome separation. GOC:TermGenie GOC:vw GO_REF:0000058 PMID:15620645 positive regulation of chromosome separation during meiosis GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of meiotic chromosome resolution GOC:TermGenie up regulation of chromosome separation during meiosis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of meiotic chromosome resolution GOC:TermGenie up regulation of meiotic chromosome separation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of chromosome separation during meiosis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of meiotic chromosome resolution GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of meiotic chromosome separation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of chromosome separation during meiosis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of meiotic chromosome resolution GOC:TermGenie upregulation of meiotic chromosome separation GOC:TermGenie activation of chromosome separation during meiosis GOC:TermGenie activation of meiotic chromosome resolution GOC:TermGenie activation of meiotic chromosome separation GOC:TermGenie Any cellular protein catabolic process that takes place in a lysosome. bf 2016-04-14T12:50:34Z cellular protein breakdown in lysosome cellular protein catabolic process in lysosome cellular protein catabolism in lysosome cellular protein degradation in lysosome lysosomal protein catabolism lysosomal protein degradation biological_process lysosomal proteolysis proteolysis within lysosome GO:1905146 Also consider annotating to the term 'autophagy ; GO:0006914' or one of its descendants. lysosomal protein catabolic process Any cellular protein catabolic process that takes place in a lysosome. GOC:PARL GOC:TermGenie GOC:bf GO_REF:0000062 PMID:24334770 cellular protein breakdown in lysosome GOC:TermGenie cellular protein catabolism in lysosome GOC:TermGenie cellular protein degradation in lysosome GOC:TermGenie lysosomal protein catabolism GOC:bf lysosomal protein degradation GOC:bf lysosomal proteolysis PMID:24334770 proteolysis within lysosome GOC:bf Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane invagination. bf 2016-04-18T15:43:54Z biological_process GO:1905153 regulation of membrane invagination Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane invagination. GOC:PARL GOC:TermGenie GOC:bf GO_REF:0000058 PMID:26589353 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane invagination. bf 2016-04-18T15:44:04Z down regulation of membrane invagination down-regulation of membrane invagination downregulation of membrane invagination inhibition of membrane invagination biological_process GO:1905154 negative regulation of membrane invagination Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane invagination. GOC:PARL GOC:TermGenie GOC:bf GO_REF:0000058 PMID:26589353 down regulation of membrane invagination GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of membrane invagination GOC:TermGenie downregulation of membrane invagination GOC:TermGenie inhibition of membrane invagination GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane invagination. bf 2016-04-18T15:44:12Z up regulation of membrane invagination up-regulation of membrane invagination upregulation of membrane invagination activation of membrane invagination biological_process GO:1905155 positive regulation of membrane invagination Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane invagination. GOC:PARL GOC:TermGenie GOC:bf GO_REF:0000058 up regulation of membrane invagination GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of membrane invagination GOC:TermGenie upregulation of membrane invagination GOC:TermGenie activation of membrane invagination GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lysosomal protein catabolic process. bf 2016-04-26T12:10:01Z regulation of cellular protein breakdown in lysosome regulation of cellular protein catabolic process in lysosome regulation of cellular protein catabolism in lysosome regulation of cellular protein degradation in lysosome regulation of lysosomal protein catabolism regulation of lysosomal protein degradation biological_process regulation of lysosomal proteolysis regulation of proteolysis within lysosome GO:1905165 regulation of lysosomal protein catabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lysosomal protein catabolic process. GOC:PARL GOC:TermGenie GOC:bf GO_REF:0000058 PMID:23499937 regulation of cellular protein breakdown in lysosome GOC:TermGenie regulation of cellular protein catabolic process in lysosome GOC:TermGenie regulation of cellular protein catabolism in lysosome GOC:TermGenie regulation of cellular protein degradation in lysosome GOC:TermGenie regulation of lysosomal protein catabolism GOC:TermGenie regulation of lysosomal protein degradation GOC:TermGenie regulation of lysosomal proteolysis GOC:TermGenie regulation of proteolysis within lysosome GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lysosomal protein catabolic process. bf 2016-04-26T12:10:10Z down regulation of cellular protein breakdown in lysosome down regulation of cellular protein catabolic process in lysosome down regulation of cellular protein catabolism in lysosome down regulation of cellular protein degradation in lysosome down regulation of lysosomal protein catabolic process down regulation of lysosomal protein catabolism down regulation of lysosomal protein degradation down-regulation of cellular protein breakdown in lysosome down-regulation of cellular protein catabolic process in lysosome down-regulation of cellular protein catabolism in lysosome down-regulation of cellular protein degradation in lysosome down-regulation of lysosomal protein catabolic process down-regulation of lysosomal protein catabolism down-regulation of lysosomal protein degradation downregulation of cellular protein breakdown in lysosome downregulation of cellular protein catabolic process in lysosome downregulation of cellular protein catabolism in lysosome downregulation of cellular protein degradation in lysosome downregulation of lysosomal protein catabolic process downregulation of lysosomal protein catabolism downregulation of lysosomal protein degradation negative regulation of cellular protein breakdown in lysosome negative regulation of cellular protein catabolic process in lysosome negative regulation of cellular protein catabolism in lysosome negative regulation of cellular protein degradation in lysosome negative regulation of lysosomal protein catabolism negative regulation of lysosomal protein degradation inhibition of cellular protein breakdown in lysosome inhibition of cellular protein catabolic process in lysosome inhibition of cellular protein catabolism in lysosome inhibition of cellular protein degradation in lysosome inhibition of lysosomal protein catabolic process inhibition of lysosomal protein catabolism inhibition of lysosomal protein degradation biological_process down regulation of lysosomal proteolysis down regulation of proteolysis within lysosome down-regulation of lysosomal proteolysis down-regulation of proteolysis within lysosome downregulation of lysosomal proteolysis downregulation of proteolysis within lysosome inhibition of lysosomal proteolysis inhibition of proteolysis within lysosome negative regulation of lysosomal proteolysis negative regulation of proteolysis within lysosome GO:1905166 negative regulation of lysosomal protein catabolic process Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lysosomal protein catabolic process. GOC:PARL GOC:TermGenie GOC:bf GO_REF:0000058 down regulation of cellular protein breakdown in lysosome GOC:TermGenie down regulation of cellular protein catabolic process in lysosome GOC:TermGenie down regulation of cellular protein catabolism in lysosome GOC:TermGenie down regulation of cellular protein degradation in lysosome GOC:TermGenie down regulation of lysosomal protein catabolic process GOC:TermGenie down regulation of lysosomal protein catabolism GOC:TermGenie down regulation of lysosomal protein degradation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cellular protein breakdown in lysosome GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cellular protein catabolic process in lysosome GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cellular protein catabolism in lysosome GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cellular protein degradation in lysosome GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of lysosomal protein catabolic process GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of lysosomal protein catabolism GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of lysosomal protein degradation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cellular protein breakdown in lysosome GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cellular protein catabolic process in lysosome GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cellular protein catabolism in lysosome GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cellular protein degradation in lysosome GOC:TermGenie downregulation of lysosomal protein catabolic process GOC:TermGenie downregulation of lysosomal protein catabolism GOC:TermGenie downregulation of lysosomal protein degradation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of cellular protein breakdown in lysosome GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of cellular protein catabolic process in lysosome GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of cellular protein catabolism in lysosome GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of cellular protein degradation in lysosome GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of lysosomal protein catabolism GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of lysosomal protein degradation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cellular protein breakdown in lysosome GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cellular protein catabolic process in lysosome GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cellular protein catabolism in lysosome GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cellular protein degradation in lysosome GOC:TermGenie inhibition of lysosomal protein catabolic process GOC:TermGenie inhibition of lysosomal protein catabolism GOC:TermGenie inhibition of lysosomal protein degradation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of lysosomal proteolysis GOC:TermGenie down regulation of proteolysis within lysosome GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of lysosomal proteolysis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of proteolysis within lysosome GOC:TermGenie downregulation of lysosomal proteolysis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of proteolysis within lysosome GOC:TermGenie inhibition of lysosomal proteolysis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of proteolysis within lysosome GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of lysosomal proteolysis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of proteolysis within lysosome GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lysosomal protein catabolic process. bf 2016-04-26T12:10:19Z positive regulation of cellular protein breakdown in lysosome positive regulation of cellular protein catabolic process in lysosome positive regulation of cellular protein catabolism in lysosome positive regulation of cellular protein degradation in lysosome positive regulation of lysosomal protein catabolism positive regulation of lysosomal protein degradation up regulation of cellular protein breakdown in lysosome up regulation of cellular protein catabolic process in lysosome up regulation of cellular protein catabolism in lysosome up regulation of cellular protein degradation in lysosome up regulation of lysosomal protein catabolic process up regulation of lysosomal protein catabolism up regulation of lysosomal protein degradation up-regulation of cellular protein breakdown in lysosome up-regulation of cellular protein catabolic process in lysosome up-regulation of cellular protein catabolism in lysosome up-regulation of cellular protein degradation in lysosome up-regulation of lysosomal protein catabolic process up-regulation of lysosomal protein catabolism up-regulation of lysosomal protein degradation upregulation of cellular protein breakdown in lysosome upregulation of cellular protein catabolic process in lysosome upregulation of cellular protein catabolism in lysosome upregulation of cellular protein degradation in lysosome upregulation of lysosomal protein catabolic process upregulation of lysosomal protein catabolism upregulation of lysosomal protein degradation activation of cellular protein breakdown in lysosome activation of cellular protein catabolic process in lysosome activation of cellular protein catabolism in lysosome activation of cellular protein degradation in lysosome activation of lysosomal protein catabolic process activation of lysosomal protein catabolism activation of lysosomal protein degradation biological_process activation of lysosomal proteolysis activation of proteolysis within lysosome positive regulation of lysosomal proteolysis positive regulation of proteolysis within lysosome up regulation of lysosomal proteolysis up regulation of proteolysis within lysosome up-regulation of lysosomal proteolysis up-regulation of proteolysis within lysosome upregulation of lysosomal proteolysis upregulation of proteolysis within lysosome GO:1905167 positive regulation of lysosomal protein catabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lysosomal protein catabolic process. GOC:PARL GOC:TermGenie GOC:bf GO_REF:0000058 positive regulation of cellular protein breakdown in lysosome GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of cellular protein catabolic process in lysosome GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of cellular protein catabolism in lysosome GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of cellular protein degradation in lysosome GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of lysosomal protein catabolism GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of lysosomal protein degradation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of cellular protein breakdown in lysosome GOC:TermGenie up regulation of cellular protein catabolic process in lysosome GOC:TermGenie up regulation of cellular protein catabolism in lysosome GOC:TermGenie up regulation of cellular protein degradation in lysosome GOC:TermGenie up regulation of lysosomal protein catabolic process GOC:TermGenie up regulation of lysosomal protein catabolism GOC:TermGenie up regulation of lysosomal protein degradation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cellular protein breakdown in lysosome GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cellular protein catabolic process in lysosome GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cellular protein catabolism in lysosome GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cellular protein degradation in lysosome GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of lysosomal protein catabolic process GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of lysosomal protein catabolism GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of lysosomal protein degradation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cellular protein breakdown in lysosome GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cellular protein catabolic process in lysosome GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cellular protein catabolism in lysosome GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cellular protein degradation in lysosome GOC:TermGenie upregulation of lysosomal protein catabolic process GOC:TermGenie upregulation of lysosomal protein catabolism GOC:TermGenie upregulation of lysosomal protein degradation GOC:TermGenie activation of cellular protein breakdown in lysosome GOC:TermGenie activation of cellular protein catabolic process in lysosome GOC:TermGenie activation of cellular protein catabolism in lysosome GOC:TermGenie activation of cellular protein degradation in lysosome GOC:TermGenie activation of lysosomal protein catabolic process GOC:TermGenie activation of lysosomal protein catabolism GOC:TermGenie activation of lysosomal protein degradation GOC:TermGenie activation of lysosomal proteolysis GOC:TermGenie activation of proteolysis within lysosome GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of lysosomal proteolysis GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of proteolysis within lysosome GOC:TermGenie up regulation of lysosomal proteolysis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of proteolysis within lysosome GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of lysosomal proteolysis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of proteolysis within lysosome GOC:TermGenie upregulation of lysosomal proteolysis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of proteolysis within lysosome GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic chromosome condensation. vw 2016-06-03T08:41:08Z biological_process GO:1905213 negative regulation of mitotic chromosome condensation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic chromosome condensation. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:23219725 Any intracellular signal transduction that is involved in positive regulation of cell growth. dph 2016-09-07T18:15:01Z intracellular signal transduction involved in up regulation of cell growth intracellular signal transduction involved in up-regulation of cell growth intracellular signal transduction involved in upregulation of cell growth intracellular signaling chain involved in positive regulation of cell growth intracellular signaling chain involved in up regulation of cell growth intracellular signaling chain involved in up-regulation of cell growth intracellular signaling chain involved in upregulation of cell growth intracellular protein kinase cascade involved in activation of cell growth intracellular protein kinase cascade involved in positive regulation of cell growth intracellular protein kinase cascade involved in stimulation of cell growth intracellular protein kinase cascade involved in up regulation of cell growth intracellular protein kinase cascade involved in up-regulation of cell growth intracellular protein kinase cascade involved in upregulation of cell growth intracellular signal transduction involved in activation of cell growth intracellular signal transduction involved in stimulation of cell growth intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in activation of cell growth intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in positive regulation of cell growth intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in stimulation of cell growth intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in up regulation of cell growth intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in up-regulation of cell growth intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in upregulation of cell growth intracellular signaling chain involved in activation of cell growth intracellular signaling chain involved in stimulation of cell growth protein kinase cascade involved in activation of cell growth protein kinase cascade involved in positive regulation of cell growth protein kinase cascade involved in stimulation of cell growth protein kinase cascade involved in up regulation of cell growth protein kinase cascade involved in up-regulation of cell growth protein kinase cascade involved in upregulation of cell growth signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in activation of cell growth signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in positive regulation of cell growth signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in stimulation of cell growth signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in up regulation of cell growth signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in up-regulation of cell growth signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in upregulation of cell growth biological_process intracellular signaling cascade involved in activation of cell growth intracellular signaling cascade involved in positive regulation of cell growth intracellular signaling cascade involved in stimulation of cell growth intracellular signaling cascade involved in up regulation of cell growth intracellular signaling cascade involved in up-regulation of cell growth intracellular signaling cascade involved in upregulation of cell growth intracellular signaling pathway involved in activation of cell growth intracellular signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cell growth intracellular signaling pathway involved in stimulation of cell growth intracellular signaling pathway involved in up regulation of cell growth intracellular signaling pathway involved in up-regulation of cell growth intracellular signaling pathway involved in upregulation of cell growth signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in activation of cell growth signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in positive regulation of cell growth signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in stimulation of cell growth signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in up regulation of cell growth signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in up-regulation of cell growth signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in upregulation of cell growth GO:1905427 intracellular signal transduction involved in positive regulation of cell growth Any intracellular signal transduction that is involved in positive regulation of cell growth. GOC:TermGenie GOC:al GOC:vw GO_REF:0000060 PMID:15917811 intracellular signal transduction involved in up regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signal transduction involved in up-regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signal transduction involved in upregulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling chain involved in positive regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling chain involved in up regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling chain involved in up-regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling chain involved in upregulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular protein kinase cascade involved in activation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular protein kinase cascade involved in positive regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular protein kinase cascade involved in stimulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular protein kinase cascade involved in up regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular protein kinase cascade involved in up-regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular protein kinase cascade involved in upregulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signal transduction involved in activation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signal transduction involved in stimulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in activation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in positive regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in stimulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in up regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in up-regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in upregulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling chain involved in activation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling chain involved in stimulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie protein kinase cascade involved in activation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie protein kinase cascade involved in positive regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie protein kinase cascade involved in stimulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie protein kinase cascade involved in up regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie protein kinase cascade involved in up-regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie protein kinase cascade involved in upregulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in activation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in positive regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in stimulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in up regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in up-regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in upregulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling cascade involved in activation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling cascade involved in positive regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling cascade involved in stimulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling cascade involved in up regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling cascade involved in up-regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling cascade involved in upregulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling pathway involved in activation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling pathway involved in stimulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling pathway involved in up regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling pathway involved in up-regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling pathway involved in upregulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in activation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in positive regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in stimulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in up regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in up-regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in upregulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fertilization. pr 2016-09-30T14:32:32Z positive regulation of syngamy up regulation of fertilization up regulation of syngamy up-regulation of fertilization up-regulation of syngamy upregulation of fertilization upregulation of syngamy activation of fertilization activation of syngamy biological_process GO:1905516 positive regulation of fertilization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fertilization. GOC:TermGenie GOC:hbye GO_REF:0000058 PMID:27564576 positive regulation of syngamy GOC:TermGenie up regulation of fertilization GOC:TermGenie up regulation of syngamy GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of fertilization GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of syngamy GOC:TermGenie upregulation of fertilization GOC:TermGenie upregulation of syngamy GOC:TermGenie activation of fertilization GOC:TermGenie activation of syngamy GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum. rz 2016-10-12T11:37:01Z regulation of protein localisation in endoplasmic reticulum regulation of protein localization in ER regulation of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum biological_process GO:1905550 regulation of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:22768340 regulation of protein localisation in endoplasmic reticulum GOC:TermGenie regulation of protein localization in ER GOC:TermGenie regulation of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum. rz 2016-10-12T11:37:08Z down regulation of protein localisation in endoplasmic reticulum down regulation of protein localization in ER down regulation of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum down regulation of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum down-regulation of protein localisation in endoplasmic reticulum down-regulation of protein localization in ER down-regulation of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum down-regulation of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum downregulation of protein localisation in endoplasmic reticulum downregulation of protein localization in ER downregulation of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum downregulation of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum negative regulation of protein localisation in endoplasmic reticulum negative regulation of protein localization in ER negative regulation of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum inhibition of protein localisation in endoplasmic reticulum inhibition of protein localization in ER inhibition of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum inhibition of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum biological_process GO:1905551 negative regulation of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:22768340 down regulation of protein localisation in endoplasmic reticulum GOC:TermGenie down regulation of protein localization in ER GOC:TermGenie down regulation of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum GOC:TermGenie down regulation of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of protein localisation in endoplasmic reticulum GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of protein localization in ER GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum GOC:TermGenie downregulation of protein localisation in endoplasmic reticulum GOC:TermGenie downregulation of protein localization in ER GOC:TermGenie downregulation of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum GOC:TermGenie downregulation of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of protein localisation in endoplasmic reticulum GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of protein localization in ER GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum GOC:TermGenie inhibition of protein localisation in endoplasmic reticulum GOC:TermGenie inhibition of protein localization in ER GOC:TermGenie inhibition of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum GOC:TermGenie inhibition of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum. rz 2016-10-12T11:37:16Z positive regulation of protein localisation in endoplasmic reticulum positive regulation of protein localization in ER positive regulation of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum up regulation of protein localisation in endoplasmic reticulum up regulation of protein localization in ER up regulation of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum up regulation of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum up-regulation of protein localisation in endoplasmic reticulum up-regulation of protein localization in ER up-regulation of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum up-regulation of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum upregulation of protein localisation in endoplasmic reticulum upregulation of protein localization in ER upregulation of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum upregulation of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum activation of protein localisation in endoplasmic reticulum activation of protein localization in ER activation of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum activation of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum biological_process GO:1905552 positive regulation of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:22768340 positive regulation of protein localisation in endoplasmic reticulum GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of protein localization in ER GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum GOC:TermGenie up regulation of protein localisation in endoplasmic reticulum GOC:TermGenie up regulation of protein localization in ER GOC:TermGenie up regulation of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum GOC:TermGenie up regulation of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of protein localisation in endoplasmic reticulum GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of protein localization in ER GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum GOC:TermGenie upregulation of protein localisation in endoplasmic reticulum GOC:TermGenie upregulation of protein localization in ER GOC:TermGenie upregulation of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum GOC:TermGenie upregulation of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum GOC:TermGenie activation of protein localisation in endoplasmic reticulum GOC:TermGenie activation of protein localization in ER GOC:TermGenie activation of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum GOC:TermGenie activation of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly. hbye 2016-10-14T13:14:57Z regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation biological_process GO:1905557 regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:18765790 regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown GOC:TermGenie regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism GOC:TermGenie regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly. hbye 2016-10-14T13:15:08Z down regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown down regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism down regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation down regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly down-regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown down-regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism down-regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation down-regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly downregulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown downregulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism downregulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation downregulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly negative regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown negative regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism negative regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation inhibition of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown inhibition of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism inhibition of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation inhibition of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly biological_process GO:1905558 negative regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:18765790 down regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown GOC:TermGenie down regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism GOC:TermGenie down regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly GOC:TermGenie downregulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown GOC:TermGenie downregulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism GOC:TermGenie downregulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown GOC:TermGenie inhibition of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism GOC:TermGenie inhibition of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly. hbye 2016-10-14T13:15:17Z positive regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown positive regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism positive regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation up regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown up regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism up regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation up regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly up-regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown up-regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism up-regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation up-regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly upregulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown upregulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism upregulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation upregulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly activation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown activation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism activation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation activation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly biological_process GO:1905559 positive regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:18765790 positive regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown GOC:TermGenie up regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism GOC:TermGenie up regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly GOC:TermGenie upregulation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown GOC:TermGenie upregulation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism GOC:TermGenie upregulation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly GOC:TermGenie activation of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown GOC:TermGenie activation of mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism GOC:TermGenie activation of mitotic nuclear envelope degradation GOC:TermGenie activation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of serotonin biosynthetic process. pad 2016-10-31T14:26:20Z regulation of serotonin anabolism regulation of serotonin biosynthesis regulation of serotonin formation regulation of serotonin synthesis biological_process GO:1905627 regulation of serotonin biosynthetic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of serotonin biosynthetic process. GOC:PARL GOC:TermGenie GOC:pad GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25642596 regulation of serotonin anabolism GOC:TermGenie regulation of serotonin biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie regulation of serotonin formation GOC:TermGenie regulation of serotonin synthesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of serotonin biosynthetic process. pad 2016-10-31T14:26:28Z down regulation of serotonin anabolism down regulation of serotonin biosynthesis down regulation of serotonin biosynthetic process down regulation of serotonin formation down regulation of serotonin synthesis down-regulation of serotonin anabolism down-regulation of serotonin biosynthesis down-regulation of serotonin biosynthetic process down-regulation of serotonin formation down-regulation of serotonin synthesis downregulation of serotonin anabolism downregulation of serotonin biosynthesis downregulation of serotonin biosynthetic process downregulation of serotonin formation downregulation of serotonin synthesis negative regulation of serotonin anabolism negative regulation of serotonin biosynthesis negative regulation of serotonin formation negative regulation of serotonin synthesis inhibition of serotonin anabolism inhibition of serotonin biosynthesis inhibition of serotonin biosynthetic process inhibition of serotonin formation inhibition of serotonin synthesis biological_process GO:1905628 negative regulation of serotonin biosynthetic process Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of serotonin biosynthetic process. GOC:PARL GOC:TermGenie GOC:pad GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25642596 down regulation of serotonin anabolism GOC:TermGenie down regulation of serotonin biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie down regulation of serotonin biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie down regulation of serotonin formation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of serotonin synthesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of serotonin anabolism GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of serotonin biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of serotonin biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of serotonin formation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of serotonin synthesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of serotonin anabolism GOC:TermGenie downregulation of serotonin biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of serotonin biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie downregulation of serotonin formation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of serotonin synthesis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of serotonin anabolism GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of serotonin biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of serotonin formation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of serotonin synthesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of serotonin anabolism GOC:TermGenie inhibition of serotonin biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of serotonin biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie inhibition of serotonin formation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of serotonin synthesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of serotonin biosynthetic process. pad 2016-10-31T14:26:36Z positive regulation of serotonin anabolism positive regulation of serotonin biosynthesis positive regulation of serotonin formation positive regulation of serotonin synthesis up regulation of serotonin anabolism up regulation of serotonin biosynthesis up regulation of serotonin biosynthetic process up regulation of serotonin formation up regulation of serotonin synthesis up-regulation of serotonin anabolism up-regulation of serotonin biosynthesis up-regulation of serotonin biosynthetic process up-regulation of serotonin formation up-regulation of serotonin synthesis upregulation of serotonin anabolism upregulation of serotonin biosynthesis upregulation of serotonin biosynthetic process upregulation of serotonin formation upregulation of serotonin synthesis activation of serotonin anabolism activation of serotonin biosynthesis activation of serotonin biosynthetic process activation of serotonin formation activation of serotonin synthesis biological_process GO:1905629 positive regulation of serotonin biosynthetic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of serotonin biosynthetic process. GOC:PARL GOC:TermGenie GOC:pad GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25642596 positive regulation of serotonin anabolism GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of serotonin biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of serotonin formation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of serotonin synthesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of serotonin anabolism GOC:TermGenie up regulation of serotonin biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of serotonin biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie up regulation of serotonin formation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of serotonin synthesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of serotonin anabolism GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of serotonin biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of serotonin biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of serotonin formation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of serotonin synthesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of serotonin anabolism GOC:TermGenie upregulation of serotonin biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of serotonin biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie upregulation of serotonin formation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of serotonin synthesis GOC:TermGenie activation of serotonin anabolism GOC:TermGenie activation of serotonin biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie activation of serotonin biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie activation of serotonin formation GOC:TermGenie activation of serotonin synthesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process. tb 2016-11-03T20:23:57Z biological_process GO:1905637 regulation of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:27122350 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process. tb 2016-11-03T20:24:05Z down regulation of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process down-regulation of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process downregulation of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process inhibition of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process biological_process GO:1905638 negative regulation of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:27122350 down regulation of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process GOC:TermGenie downregulation of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process GOC:TermGenie inhibition of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process. tb 2016-11-03T20:24:13Z up regulation of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process up-regulation of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process upregulation of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process activation of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process biological_process GO:1905639 positive regulation of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:27122350 up regulation of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process GOC:TermGenie upregulation of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process GOC:TermGenie activation of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lysosome organization. sl 2016-11-11T22:01:04Z regulation of lysosome organisation biological_process regulation of lysosome organization and biogenesis GO:1905671 regulation of lysosome organization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lysosome organization. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25561470 regulation of lysosome organisation GOC:TermGenie regulation of lysosome organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lysosome organization. sl 2016-11-11T22:01:12Z down regulation of lysosome organisation down regulation of lysosome organization down-regulation of lysosome organisation down-regulation of lysosome organization downregulation of lysosome organisation downregulation of lysosome organization negative regulation of lysosome organisation inhibition of lysosome organisation inhibition of lysosome organization biological_process down regulation of lysosome organization and biogenesis down-regulation of lysosome organization and biogenesis downregulation of lysosome organization and biogenesis inhibition of lysosome organization and biogenesis negative regulation of lysosome organization and biogenesis GO:1905672 negative regulation of lysosome organization Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lysosome organization. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25561470 down regulation of lysosome organisation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of lysosome organization GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of lysosome organisation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of lysosome organization GOC:TermGenie downregulation of lysosome organisation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of lysosome organization GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of lysosome organisation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of lysosome organisation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of lysosome organization GOC:TermGenie down regulation of lysosome organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of lysosome organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of lysosome organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of lysosome organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of lysosome organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lysosome organization. sl 2016-11-11T22:01:20Z positive regulation of lysosome organisation up regulation of lysosome organisation up regulation of lysosome organization up-regulation of lysosome organisation up-regulation of lysosome organization upregulation of lysosome organisation upregulation of lysosome organization activation of lysosome organisation activation of lysosome organization biological_process activation of lysosome organization and biogenesis positive regulation of lysosome organization and biogenesis up regulation of lysosome organization and biogenesis up-regulation of lysosome organization and biogenesis upregulation of lysosome organization and biogenesis GO:1905673 positive regulation of lysosome organization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lysosome organization. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25561470 positive regulation of lysosome organisation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of lysosome organisation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of lysosome organization GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of lysosome organisation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of lysosome organization GOC:TermGenie upregulation of lysosome organisation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of lysosome organization GOC:TermGenie activation of lysosome organisation GOC:TermGenie activation of lysosome organization GOC:TermGenie activation of lysosome organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of lysosome organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of lysosome organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of lysosome organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of lysosome organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synapse organization. tberardini 2017-01-11T22:03:41Z down regulation of synapse development down regulation of synapse organisation down regulation of synapse organization down-regulation of synapse development down-regulation of synapse organisation down-regulation of synapse organization downregulation of synapse development downregulation of synapse organisation downregulation of synapse organization negative regulation of synapse development negative regulation of synapse organisation inhibition of synapse development inhibition of synapse organisation inhibition of synapse organization biological_process down regulation of synapse morphogenesis down regulation of synapse organization and biogenesis down-regulation of synapse morphogenesis down-regulation of synapse organization and biogenesis downregulation of synapse morphogenesis downregulation of synapse organization and biogenesis inhibition of synapse morphogenesis inhibition of synapse organization and biogenesis negative regulation of synapse morphogenesis negative regulation of synapse organization and biogenesis GO:1905809 negative regulation of synapse organization Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synapse organization. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:27779093 down regulation of synapse development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of synapse organisation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of synapse organization GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of synapse development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of synapse organisation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of synapse organization GOC:TermGenie downregulation of synapse development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of synapse organisation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of synapse organization GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of synapse development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of synapse organisation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of synapse development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of synapse organisation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of synapse organization GOC:TermGenie down regulation of synapse morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie down regulation of synapse organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of synapse morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of synapse organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of synapse morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of synapse organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of synapse morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of synapse organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of synapse morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of synapse organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome separation. bmeldal 2017-01-13T13:55:18Z regulation of rDNA separation biological_process regulation of chromatid release GO:1905818 regulation of chromosome separation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome separation. GOC:TermGenie GOC:bhm GO_REF:0000058 PMID:21795393 regulation of rDNA separation GOC:TermGenie regulation of chromatid release GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome separation. bmeldal 2017-01-13T13:55:27Z down regulation of chromosome separation down-regulation of chromosome separation downregulation of chromosome separation down regulation of rDNA separation down-regulation of rDNA separation downregulation of rDNA separation inhibition of chromosome separation inhibition of rDNA separation negative regulation of rDNA separation biological_process down regulation of chromatid release down-regulation of chromatid release downregulation of chromatid release inhibition of chromatid release negative regulation of chromatid release GO:1905819 negative regulation of chromosome separation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome separation. GOC:TermGenie GOC:bhm GO_REF:0000058 PMID:21795393 down regulation of chromosome separation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of chromosome separation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of chromosome separation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of rDNA separation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of rDNA separation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of rDNA separation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of chromosome separation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of rDNA separation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of rDNA separation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of chromatid release GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of chromatid release GOC:TermGenie downregulation of chromatid release GOC:TermGenie inhibition of chromatid release GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of chromatid release GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome separation. bmeldal 2017-01-13T13:55:36Z up regulation of chromosome separation up-regulation of chromosome separation upregulation of chromosome separation activation of chromosome separation activation of rDNA separation positive regulation of rDNA separation up regulation of rDNA separation up-regulation of rDNA separation upregulation of rDNA separation biological_process activation of chromatid release positive regulation of chromatid release up regulation of chromatid release up-regulation of chromatid release upregulation of chromatid release GO:1905820 positive regulation of chromosome separation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome separation. GOC:TermGenie GOC:bhm GO_REF:0000058 PMID:21795393 up regulation of chromosome separation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of chromosome separation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of chromosome separation GOC:TermGenie activation of chromosome separation GOC:TermGenie activation of rDNA separation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of rDNA separation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of rDNA separation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of rDNA separation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of rDNA separation GOC:TermGenie activation of chromatid release GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of chromatid release GOC:TermGenie up regulation of chromatid release GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of chromatid release GOC:TermGenie upregulation of chromatid release GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome condensation. bmeldal 2017-01-13T14:13:44Z positive regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation positive regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation up regulation of chromosome condensation up regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation up regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation up-regulation of chromosome condensation up-regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation up-regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation upregulation of chromosome condensation upregulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation upregulation of nuclear chromosome condensation activation of chromosome condensation activation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation activation of nuclear chromosome condensation biological_process GO:1905821 positive regulation of chromosome condensation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome condensation. GOC:TermGenie GOC:bhm GO_REF:0000058 PMID:17268547 positive regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of nuclear chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie activation of chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie activation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie activation of nuclear chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spindle assembly. hbye 2017-01-17T10:26:37Z down regulation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis down regulation of bipolar spindle formation down regulation of spindle assembly down regulation of spindle biosynthesis down regulation of spindle formation down-regulation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis down-regulation of bipolar spindle formation down-regulation of spindle assembly down-regulation of spindle biosynthesis down-regulation of spindle formation downregulation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis downregulation of bipolar spindle formation downregulation of spindle assembly downregulation of spindle biosynthesis downregulation of spindle formation negative regulation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis negative regulation of bipolar spindle formation negative regulation of spindle biosynthesis negative regulation of spindle formation inhibition of bipolar spindle biosynthesis inhibition of bipolar spindle formation inhibition of spindle assembly inhibition of spindle biosynthesis inhibition of spindle formation biological_process GO:1905831 negative regulation of spindle assembly Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spindle assembly. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:27689799 down regulation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie down regulation of bipolar spindle formation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of spindle assembly GOC:TermGenie down regulation of spindle biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie down regulation of spindle formation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of bipolar spindle formation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of spindle assembly GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of spindle biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of spindle formation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of bipolar spindle formation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of spindle assembly GOC:TermGenie downregulation of spindle biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of spindle formation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of bipolar spindle formation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of spindle biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of spindle formation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of bipolar spindle biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of bipolar spindle formation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of spindle assembly GOC:TermGenie inhibition of spindle biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of spindle formation GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spindle assembly. hbye 2017-01-17T10:26:46Z positive regulation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis positive regulation of bipolar spindle formation positive regulation of spindle biosynthesis positive regulation of spindle formation up regulation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis up regulation of bipolar spindle formation up regulation of spindle assembly up regulation of spindle biosynthesis up regulation of spindle formation up-regulation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis up-regulation of bipolar spindle formation up-regulation of spindle assembly up-regulation of spindle biosynthesis up-regulation of spindle formation upregulation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis upregulation of bipolar spindle formation upregulation of spindle assembly upregulation of spindle biosynthesis upregulation of spindle formation activation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis activation of bipolar spindle formation activation of spindle assembly activation of spindle biosynthesis activation of spindle formation biological_process GO:1905832 positive regulation of spindle assembly Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spindle assembly. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:27689799 positive regulation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of bipolar spindle formation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of spindle biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of spindle formation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of bipolar spindle formation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of spindle assembly GOC:TermGenie up regulation of spindle biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of spindle formation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of bipolar spindle formation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of spindle assembly GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of spindle biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of spindle formation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of bipolar spindle formation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of spindle assembly GOC:TermGenie upregulation of spindle biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of spindle formation GOC:TermGenie activation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie activation of bipolar spindle formation GOC:TermGenie activation of spindle assembly GOC:TermGenie activation of spindle biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie activation of spindle formation GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule nucleation. hbye 2017-01-17T12:00:56Z down regulation of microtubule nucleation down-regulation of microtubule nucleation downregulation of microtubule nucleation inhibition of microtubule nucleation biological_process GO:1905833 negative regulation of microtubule nucleation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule nucleation. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:27689799 down regulation of microtubule nucleation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of microtubule nucleation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of microtubule nucleation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of microtubule nucleation GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to gamma radiation. rozaru 2017-01-19T10:24:39Z biological_process regulation of cellular response to gamma ray regulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon GO:1905843 regulation of cellular response to gamma radiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to gamma radiation. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:23505386 regulation of cellular response to gamma ray GOC:TermGenie regulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to gamma radiation. rozaru 2017-01-19T10:24:48Z down regulation of cellular response to gamma radiation down-regulation of cellular response to gamma radiation downregulation of cellular response to gamma radiation inhibition of cellular response to gamma radiation biological_process down regulation of cellular response to gamma ray down regulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon down-regulation of cellular response to gamma ray down-regulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon downregulation of cellular response to gamma ray downregulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon inhibition of cellular response to gamma ray inhibition of cellular response to gamma-ray photon negative regulation of cellular response to gamma ray negative regulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon GO:1905844 negative regulation of cellular response to gamma radiation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to gamma radiation. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:23505386 down regulation of cellular response to gamma radiation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cellular response to gamma radiation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cellular response to gamma radiation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cellular response to gamma radiation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of cellular response to gamma ray GOC:TermGenie down regulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cellular response to gamma ray GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cellular response to gamma ray GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cellular response to gamma ray GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cellular response to gamma-ray photon GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of cellular response to gamma ray GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to gamma radiation. rozaru 2017-01-19T10:24:57Z up regulation of cellular response to gamma radiation up-regulation of cellular response to gamma radiation upregulation of cellular response to gamma radiation activation of cellular response to gamma radiation biological_process activation of cellular response to gamma ray activation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon positive regulation of cellular response to gamma ray positive regulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon up regulation of cellular response to gamma ray up regulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon up-regulation of cellular response to gamma ray up-regulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon upregulation of cellular response to gamma ray upregulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon GO:1905845 positive regulation of cellular response to gamma radiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to gamma radiation. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:23505386 up regulation of cellular response to gamma radiation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cellular response to gamma radiation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cellular response to gamma radiation GOC:TermGenie activation of cellular response to gamma radiation GOC:TermGenie activation of cellular response to gamma ray GOC:TermGenie activation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of cellular response to gamma ray GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon GOC:TermGenie up regulation of cellular response to gamma ray GOC:TermGenie up regulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cellular response to gamma ray GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cellular response to gamma ray GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of backward locomotion. rozaru 2017-01-23T11:04:16Z down regulation of backward locomotion down-regulation of backward locomotion downregulation of backward locomotion inhibition of backward locomotion biological_process GO:1905851 negative regulation of backward locomotion Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of backward locomotion. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:11717360 down regulation of backward locomotion GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of backward locomotion GOC:TermGenie downregulation of backward locomotion GOC:TermGenie inhibition of backward locomotion GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of backward locomotion. rozaru 2017-01-23T11:04:25Z up regulation of backward locomotion up-regulation of backward locomotion upregulation of backward locomotion activation of backward locomotion biological_process GO:1905852 positive regulation of backward locomotion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of backward locomotion. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:11717360 up regulation of backward locomotion GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of backward locomotion GOC:TermGenie upregulation of backward locomotion GOC:TermGenie activation of backward locomotion GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oogenesis. hbye 2017-01-31T09:31:05Z regulation of ovum development biological_process GO:1905879 regulation of oogenesis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oogenesis. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:26434723 regulation of ovum development GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oogenesis. hbye 2017-01-31T09:31:15Z down regulation of oogenesis down regulation of ovum development down-regulation of oogenesis down-regulation of ovum development downregulation of oogenesis downregulation of ovum development negative regulation of ovum development inhibition of oogenesis inhibition of ovum development biological_process GO:1905880 negative regulation of oogenesis Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oogenesis. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:26434723 down regulation of oogenesis GOC:TermGenie down regulation of ovum development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of oogenesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of ovum development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of oogenesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of ovum development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of ovum development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of oogenesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of ovum development GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oogenesis. hbye 2017-01-31T09:31:23Z positive regulation of ovum development up regulation of oogenesis up regulation of ovum development up-regulation of oogenesis up-regulation of ovum development upregulation of oogenesis upregulation of ovum development activation of oogenesis activation of ovum development biological_process GO:1905881 positive regulation of oogenesis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oogenesis. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:26434723 positive regulation of ovum development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of oogenesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of ovum development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of oogenesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of ovum development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of oogenesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of ovum development GOC:TermGenie activation of oogenesis GOC:TermGenie activation of ovum development GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. BarbaraCzub 2017-02-01T11:42:55Z regulation of ER stress response regulation of cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress regulation of response to ER stress biological_process GO:1905897 regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. GOC:TermGenie GOC:aruk GOC:bc GO_REF:0000058 PMID:21803450 regulation of ER stress response GOC:TermGenie regulation of cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress GOC:TermGenie regulation of response to ER stress GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. BarbaraCzub 2017-02-01T11:43:03Z positive regulation of ER stress response positive regulation of cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress positive regulation of response to ER stress up regulation of ER stress response up regulation of cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress up regulation of response to ER stress up regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress up-regulation of ER stress response up-regulation of cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress up-regulation of response to ER stress up-regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress upregulation of ER stress response upregulation of cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress upregulation of response to ER stress upregulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress activation of ER stress response activation of cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress activation of response to ER stress activation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress biological_process GO:1905898 positive regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. GOC:TermGenie GOC:aruk GOC:bc GO_REF:0000058 PMID:21803450 positive regulation of ER stress response GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of response to ER stress GOC:TermGenie up regulation of ER stress response GOC:TermGenie up regulation of cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress GOC:TermGenie up regulation of response to ER stress GOC:TermGenie up regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of ER stress response GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of response to ER stress GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress GOC:TermGenie upregulation of ER stress response GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress GOC:TermGenie upregulation of response to ER stress GOC:TermGenie upregulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress GOC:TermGenie activation of ER stress response GOC:TermGenie activation of cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress GOC:TermGenie activation of response to ER stress GOC:TermGenie activation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm formation. rachhuntley 2017-02-03T12:28:20Z biological_process GO:1905902 regulation of mesoderm formation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm formation. GOC:BHF GOC:BHF_miRNA GOC:TermGenie GOC:rph GO_REF:0000058 PMID:23939491 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm formation. rachhuntley 2017-02-03T12:28:29Z down regulation of mesoderm formation down-regulation of mesoderm formation downregulation of mesoderm formation inhibition of mesoderm formation biological_process GO:1905903 negative regulation of mesoderm formation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm formation. GOC:BHF GOC:BHF_miRNA GOC:TermGenie GOC:rph GO_REF:0000058 PMID:23939491 down regulation of mesoderm formation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of mesoderm formation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of mesoderm formation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of mesoderm formation GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm formation. rachhuntley 2017-02-03T12:28:38Z up regulation of mesoderm formation up-regulation of mesoderm formation upregulation of mesoderm formation activation of mesoderm formation biological_process GO:1905904 positive regulation of mesoderm formation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm formation. GOC:BHF GOC:BHF_miRNA GOC:TermGenie GOC:rph GO_REF:0000058 PMID:23939491 up regulation of mesoderm formation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of mesoderm formation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of mesoderm formation GOC:TermGenie activation of mesoderm formation GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dauer entry. hbye 2017-02-06T15:34:01Z regulation of nematode entry into dormancy biological_process GO:1905909 regulation of dauer entry Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dauer entry. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:21531333 regulation of nematode entry into dormancy GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dauer entry. hbye 2017-02-06T15:34:11Z down regulation of dauer entry down regulation of nematode entry into dormancy down-regulation of dauer entry down-regulation of nematode entry into dormancy downregulation of dauer entry downregulation of nematode entry into dormancy negative regulation of nematode entry into dormancy inhibition of dauer entry inhibition of nematode entry into dormancy biological_process GO:1905910 negative regulation of dauer entry Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dauer entry. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:21531333 down regulation of dauer entry GOC:TermGenie down regulation of nematode entry into dormancy GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of dauer entry GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of nematode entry into dormancy GOC:TermGenie downregulation of dauer entry GOC:TermGenie downregulation of nematode entry into dormancy GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of nematode entry into dormancy GOC:TermGenie inhibition of dauer entry GOC:TermGenie inhibition of nematode entry into dormancy GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dauer entry. hbye 2017-02-06T15:34:20Z positive regulation of nematode entry into dormancy up regulation of dauer entry up regulation of nematode entry into dormancy up-regulation of dauer entry up-regulation of nematode entry into dormancy upregulation of dauer entry upregulation of nematode entry into dormancy activation of dauer entry activation of nematode entry into dormancy biological_process GO:1905911 positive regulation of dauer entry Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dauer entry. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:21531333 positive regulation of nematode entry into dormancy GOC:TermGenie up regulation of dauer entry GOC:TermGenie up regulation of nematode entry into dormancy GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of dauer entry GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of nematode entry into dormancy GOC:TermGenie upregulation of dauer entry GOC:TermGenie upregulation of nematode entry into dormancy GOC:TermGenie activation of dauer entry GOC:TermGenie activation of nematode entry into dormancy GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gonad development. hbye 2017-02-09T17:01:50Z regulation of gonadogenesis biological_process GO:1905939 regulation of gonad development Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gonad development. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:15342467 regulation of gonadogenesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gonad development. hbye 2017-02-09T17:01:59Z down regulation of gonad development down regulation of gonadogenesis down-regulation of gonad development down-regulation of gonadogenesis downregulation of gonad development downregulation of gonadogenesis negative regulation of gonadogenesis inhibition of gonad development inhibition of gonadogenesis biological_process GO:1905940 negative regulation of gonad development Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gonad development. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:15342467 down regulation of gonad development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of gonadogenesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of gonad development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of gonadogenesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of gonad development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of gonadogenesis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of gonadogenesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of gonad development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of gonadogenesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gonad development. hbye 2017-02-09T17:02:08Z positive regulation of gonadogenesis up regulation of gonad development up regulation of gonadogenesis up-regulation of gonad development up-regulation of gonadogenesis upregulation of gonad development upregulation of gonadogenesis activation of gonad development activation of gonadogenesis biological_process GO:1905941 positive regulation of gonad development Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gonad development. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:15342467 positive regulation of gonadogenesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of gonad development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of gonadogenesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of gonad development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of gonadogenesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of gonad development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of gonadogenesis GOC:TermGenie activation of gonad development GOC:TermGenie activation of gonadogenesis GOC:TermGenie Any DNA recombination that takes place in mitochondrion. ValWood 2017-02-19T10:48:17Z DNA recombination in mitochondria biological_process GO:1905951 mitochondrion DNA recombination Any DNA recombination that takes place in mitochondrion. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000062 PMID:8087883 DNA recombination in mitochondria GOC:TermGenie Long distance growth of a single neuron projection involved in cellular development. A neuron projection is a prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite. pr 2013-07-08T08:40:45Z neuron process extension neuron protrusion extension neuronal cell projection extension neurite extension biological_process GO:1990138 neuron projection extension Long distance growth of a single neuron projection involved in cellular development. A neuron projection is a prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite. GOC:BHF GOC:rl PMID:22790009 Any of the meiotic spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles and are thought to contribute to the forces that separate the poles and position them in relation to the rest of the cell. vw 2014-12-04T09:55:09Z cellular_component GO:1990574 meiotic spindle astral microtubule Any of the meiotic spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles and are thought to contribute to the forces that separate the poles and position them in relation to the rest of the cell. PMID:10366596 The joining of two lipid bilayers that surround the mitochondria. vw 2015-01-21T06:58:18Z biological_process GO:1990613 mitochondrial membrane fusion The joining of two lipid bilayers that surround the mitochondria. PMID:12052774 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lectin stimulus. A lectin is a carbohydrate-binding protein, highly specific for binding sugar moieties. sl 2015-08-27T20:02:21Z biological_process GO:1990840 This term refers to endogenous (evolved) responses to lectins (endogenous or exogenous), it does not cover the events that happen due to lectin toxicity. response to lectin Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lectin stimulus. A lectin is a carbohydrate-binding protein, highly specific for binding sugar moieties. PMID:25996210 PMID:26306444 A macromolecular complex containing both protein and RNA molecules. pr 2015-11-19T12:26:37Z GO:0030529 GO:1990903 Wikipedia:Ribonucleoprotein RNA-protein complex RNP protein-RNA complex ribonucleoprotein complex extracellular ribonucleoprotein complex intracellular ribonucleoprotein complex cellular_component GO:1990904 ribonucleoprotein complex A macromolecular complex containing both protein and RNA molecules. GOC:vesicles Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a DNA damage checkpoint. janelomax 2010-07-15T03:25:00Z biological_process regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in cell cycle arrest GO:2000001 regulation of DNA damage checkpoint Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a DNA damage checkpoint. GOC:obol regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in cell cycle arrest GOC:obol Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a DNA damage checkpoint. janelomax 2010-07-15T03:25:06Z biological_process negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in cell cycle arrest GO:2000002 negative regulation of DNA damage checkpoint Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a DNA damage checkpoint. GOC:BHF GOC:obol negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in cell cycle arrest GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a DNA damage checkpoint. janelomax 2010-07-15T03:25:10Z biological_process positive regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in cell cycle arrest GO:2000003 positive regulation of DNA damage checkpoint Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a DNA damage checkpoint. GOC:obol positive regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in cell cycle arrest GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of male gonad development. janelomax 2010-07-15T03:29:05Z regulation of testicular development regulation of testis development biological_process GO:2000018 regulation of male gonad development Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of male gonad development. GOC:obol GOC:yaf regulation of testicular development GOC:obol regulation of testis development GOC:obol Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of male gonad development. janelomax 2010-07-15T03:29:10Z negative regulation of testicular development negative regulation of testis development biological_process GO:2000019 negative regulation of male gonad development Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of male gonad development. GOC:obol GOC:yaf negative regulation of testicular development GOC:obol negative regulation of testis development GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of male gonad development. janelomax 2010-07-15T03:29:13Z positive regulation of testicular development positive regulation of testis development biological_process GO:2000020 positive regulation of male gonad development Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of male gonad development. GOC:obol positive regulation of testicular development GOC:obol positive regulation of testis development GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multicellular organismal development. tanyaberardini 2010-08-05T11:25:59Z biological_process GO:2000026 regulation of multicellular organismal development Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multicellular organismal development. GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell division. tanyaberardini 2010-08-05T11:34:53Z regulation of stem cell renewal biological_process GO:2000035 regulation of stem cell division Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell division. GOC:obol regulation of stem cell renewal GOC:obol Any signalling pathway that modulates the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle. tanyaberardini 2010-08-19T09:10:56Z biological_process GO:2000045 Note that this process is usually achieved by the regulation of the G1 cyclin-dependent protein kinase, consider annotating to the child term 'regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity involved in G1/S ; GO:0031657'. regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle Any signalling pathway that modulates the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to water deprivation. tanyaberardini 2010-08-23T11:32:32Z regulation of response to dehydration regulation of response to drought regulation of response to thirst biological_process regulation of drought tolerance GO:2000070 regulation of response to water deprivation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to water deprivation. GOC:obol regulation of response to dehydration GOC:obol regulation of response to drought GOC:obol regulation of response to thirst GOC:obol regulation of drought tolerance GOC:obol Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-dependent DNA replication. midori 2010-09-15T01:37:05Z biological_process GO:2000104 negative regulation of DNA-dependent DNA replication Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-dependent DNA replication. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-dependent DNA replication. midori 2010-09-15T01:37:10Z biological_process GO:2000105 positive regulation of DNA-dependent DNA replication Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-dependent DNA replication. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process. tanyaberardini 2010-09-15T08:55:45Z regulation of cellular biopolymer biosynthetic process regulation of cellular macromolecule anabolism regulation of cellular macromolecule biosynthesis regulation of cellular macromolecule formation regulation of cellular macromolecule synthesis biological_process GO:2000112 regulation of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process. GOC:obol regulation of cellular biopolymer biosynthetic process GOC:obol regulation of cellular macromolecule anabolism GOC:obol regulation of cellular macromolecule biosynthesis GOC:obol regulation of cellular macromolecule formation GOC:obol regulation of cellular macromolecule synthesis GOC:obol Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process. tanyaberardini 2010-09-15T08:55:48Z negative regulation of cellular biopolymer biosynthetic process negative regulation of cellular macromolecule anabolism negative regulation of cellular macromolecule biosynthesis negative regulation of cellular macromolecule formation negative regulation of cellular macromolecule synthesis biological_process GO:2000113 negative regulation of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process. GOC:obol negative regulation of cellular biopolymer biosynthetic process GOC:obol negative regulation of cellular macromolecule anabolism GOC:obol negative regulation of cellular macromolecule biosynthesis GOC:obol negative regulation of cellular macromolecule formation GOC:obol negative regulation of cellular macromolecule synthesis GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of cell polarity. dph 2010-09-16T01:22:36Z regulation of cell polarization biological_process regulation of bud site selection/establishment of cell polarity GO:2000114 regulation of establishment of cell polarity Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of cell polarity. GOC:dph regulation of cell polarization GOC:obol regulation of bud site selection/establishment of cell polarity GOC:obol Any signalling pathway that decreases or inhibits the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle. midori 2010-09-29T09:38:51Z biological_process GO:2000134 negative regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle Any signalling pathway that decreases or inhibits the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility. midori 2010-10-01T09:41:21Z regulation of cell locomotion regulation of movement of a cell biological_process regulation of cell movement GO:2000145 regulation of cell motility Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility. GOC:mah regulation of cell locomotion GOC:obol regulation of movement of a cell GOC:obol regulation of cell movement GOC:obol Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility. midori 2010-10-01T09:41:26Z negative regulation of cell locomotion negative regulation of movement of a cell biological_process negative regulation of cell movement GO:2000146 negative regulation of cell motility Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility. GOC:mah negative regulation of cell locomotion GOC:obol negative regulation of movement of a cell GOC:obol negative regulation of cell movement GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility. midori 2010-10-01T09:41:30Z positive regulation of cell locomotion positive regulation of movement of a cell biological_process positive regulation of cell movement GO:2000147 positive regulation of cell motility Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility. GOC:mah positive regulation of cell locomotion GOC:obol positive regulation of movement of a cell GOC:obol positive regulation of cell movement GOC:obol Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite development. rl 2010-10-07T10:53:15Z biological_process GO:2000171 negative regulation of dendrite development Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite development. GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ribonucleoprotein complex localization. midori 2010-10-26T10:35:48Z regulation of RNP localization regulation of cellular ribonucleoprotein complex localization regulation of establishment and maintenance of ribonucleoprotein complex localization regulation of ribonucleoprotein complex localisation biological_process GO:2000197 regulation of ribonucleoprotein complex localization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ribonucleoprotein complex localization. GOC:mah regulation of RNP localization GOC:obol regulation of cellular ribonucleoprotein complex localization GOC:obol regulation of establishment and maintenance of ribonucleoprotein complex localization GOC:obol regulation of ribonucleoprotein complex localisation GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ribonucleoprotein complex localization. midori 2010-10-26T10:35:52Z negative regulation of RNP localization negative regulation of cellular ribonucleoprotein complex localization negative regulation of establishment and maintenance of ribonucleoprotein complex localization negative regulation of ribonucleoprotein complex localisation biological_process GO:2000198 negative regulation of ribonucleoprotein complex localization Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ribonucleoprotein complex localization. GOC:mah negative regulation of RNP localization GOC:obol negative regulation of cellular ribonucleoprotein complex localization GOC:obol negative regulation of establishment and maintenance of ribonucleoprotein complex localization GOC:obol negative regulation of ribonucleoprotein complex localisation GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ribonucleoprotein complex localization. midori 2010-10-26T10:35:55Z positive regulation of RNP localization positive regulation of cellular ribonucleoprotein complex localization positive regulation of establishment and maintenance of ribonucleoprotein complex localization positive regulation of ribonucleoprotein complex localisation biological_process GO:2000199 positive regulation of ribonucleoprotein complex localization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ribonucleoprotein complex localization. GOC:mah positive regulation of RNP localization GOC:obol positive regulation of cellular ribonucleoprotein complex localization GOC:obol positive regulation of establishment and maintenance of ribonucleoprotein complex localization GOC:obol positive regulation of ribonucleoprotein complex localisation GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. midori 2010-11-10T02:44:02Z biological_process GO:2000241 regulation of reproductive process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. midori 2010-11-10T02:44:05Z biological_process GO:2000242 negative regulation of reproductive process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. midori 2010-11-10T02:44:08Z biological_process GO:2000243 positive regulation of reproductive process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin cytoskeleton reorganization. vk 2010-11-11T01:25:26Z regulation of actin cytoskeleton remodeling regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganisation biological_process GO:2000249 regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin cytoskeleton reorganization. GOC:BHF regulation of actin cytoskeleton remodeling GOC:obol regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganisation GOC:obol Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin cytoskeleton reorganization. vk 2010-11-11T01:25:29Z negative regulation of actin cytoskeleton remodeling negative regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganisation biological_process GO:2000250 negative regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganization Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin cytoskeleton reorganization. GOC:BHF negative regulation of actin cytoskeleton remodeling GOC:obol negative regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganisation GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin cytoskeleton reorganization. vk 2010-11-11T01:25:32Z positive regulation of actin cytoskeleton remodeling positive regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganisation biological_process GO:2000251 positive regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin cytoskeleton reorganization. GOC:BHF positive regulation of actin cytoskeleton remodeling GOC:obol positive regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganisation GOC:obol Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of feeding behavior. yaf 2010-11-18T11:24:14Z negative regulation of behavioral response to food negative regulation of behavioural response to food negative regulation of feeding behaviour biological_process negative regulation of drinking negative regulation of eating GO:2000252 negative regulation of feeding behavior Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of feeding behavior. GOC:obol negative regulation of behavioral response to food GOC:obol negative regulation of behavioural response to food GOC:obol negative regulation of feeding behaviour GOC:obol negative regulation of drinking GOC:obol negative regulation of eating GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of feeding behavior. yaf 2010-11-18T11:24:18Z positive regulation of behavioral response to food positive regulation of behavioural response to food positive regulation of feeding behaviour biological_process positive regulation of drinking positive regulation of eating GO:2000253 positive regulation of feeding behavior Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of feeding behavior. GOC:obol positive regulation of behavioral response to food GOC:obol positive regulation of behavioural response to food GOC:obol positive regulation of feeding behaviour GOC:obol positive regulation of drinking GOC:obol positive regulation of eating GOC:obol Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling receptor activity. rfoulger 2010-12-02T09:28:47Z negative regulation of receptor activity biological_process GO:2000272 negative regulation of signaling receptor activity Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling receptor activity. GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling receptor activity. rfoulger 2010-12-02T09:28:50Z biological_process GO:2000273 positive regulation of signaling receptor activity Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling receptor activity. GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA biosynthetic process. yaf 2010-12-08T04:48:15Z regulation of DNA anabolism regulation of DNA biosynthesis regulation of DNA formation regulation of DNA synthesis biological_process GO:2000278 regulation of DNA biosynthetic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA biosynthetic process. GOC:obol regulation of DNA anabolism GOC:obol regulation of DNA biosynthesis GOC:obol regulation of DNA formation GOC:obol regulation of DNA synthesis GOC:obol Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA biosynthetic process. yaf 2010-12-08T04:48:20Z negative regulation of DNA anabolism negative regulation of DNA biosynthesis negative regulation of DNA formation negative regulation of DNA synthesis biological_process GO:2000279 negative regulation of DNA biosynthetic process Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA biosynthetic process. GOC:obol negative regulation of DNA anabolism GOC:obol negative regulation of DNA biosynthesis GOC:obol negative regulation of DNA formation GOC:obol negative regulation of DNA synthesis GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defecation. rfoulger 2010-12-21T09:23:08Z biological_process GO:2000292 regulation of defecation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defecation. GOC:obol Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defecation. rfoulger 2010-12-21T09:23:13Z biological_process GO:2000293 negative regulation of defecation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defecation. GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of defecation. rfoulger 2010-12-21T09:23:16Z biological_process GO:2000294 positive regulation of defecation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of defecation. GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. dph 2011-01-03T08:20:40Z biological_process GO:2000300 regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. GOC:obol Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. dph 2011-01-03T08:21:00Z biological_process GO:2000301 negative regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. dph 2011-01-03T08:21:14Z biological_process GO:2000302 positive regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development. vk 2011-02-15T03:09:46Z biological_process GO:2000380 regulation of mesoderm development Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development. GOC:BHF Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development. vk 2011-02-15T03:10:02Z biological_process GO:2000381 negative regulation of mesoderm development Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development. GOC:BHF Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development. vk 2011-02-15T03:10:12Z biological_process GO:2000382 positive regulation of mesoderm development Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development. GOC:BHF Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ectoderm development. vk 2011-02-15T03:17:10Z biological_process GO:2000383 regulation of ectoderm development Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ectoderm development. GOC:BHF Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ectoderm development. vk 2011-02-15T03:17:27Z biological_process GO:2000384 negative regulation of ectoderm development Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ectoderm development. GOC:BHF Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ectoderm development. vk 2011-02-15T03:17:39Z biological_process GO:2000385 positive regulation of ectoderm development Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ectoderm development. GOC:BHF Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic cell clearance. rfoulger 2011-02-25T11:50:11Z regulation of apoptotic cell removal regulation of efferocytosis regulation of programmed cell clearance biological_process GO:2000425 regulation of apoptotic cell clearance Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic cell clearance. GOC:obol regulation of apoptotic cell removal GOC:obol regulation of efferocytosis GOC:obol regulation of programmed cell clearance GOC:obol Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic cell clearance. rfoulger 2011-02-25T11:50:39Z negative regulation of apoptotic cell removal negative regulation of efferocytosis negative regulation of programmed cell clearance biological_process GO:2000426 negative regulation of apoptotic cell clearance Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic cell clearance. GOC:obol negative regulation of apoptotic cell removal GOC:obol negative regulation of efferocytosis GOC:obol negative regulation of programmed cell clearance GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic cell clearance. rfoulger 2011-02-25T11:50:59Z positive regulation of apoptotic cell removal positive regulation of efferocytosis positive regulation of programmed cell clearance biological_process GO:2000427 positive regulation of apoptotic cell clearance Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic cell clearance. GOC:obol positive regulation of apoptotic cell removal GOC:obol positive regulation of efferocytosis GOC:obol positive regulation of programmed cell clearance GOC:obol Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gastrulation. yaf 2011-04-01T04:10:08Z biological_process GO:2000542 negative regulation of gastrulation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gastrulation. GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gastrulation. yaf 2011-04-01T04:10:15Z biological_process GO:2000543 positive regulation of gastrulation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gastrulation. GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA biosynthetic process. yaf 2011-04-04T10:01:20Z positive regulation of DNA anabolism positive regulation of DNA biosynthesis positive regulation of DNA formation positive regulation of DNA synthesis biological_process GO:2000573 positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA biosynthetic process. GOC:obol positive regulation of DNA anabolism GOC:obol positive regulation of DNA biosynthesis GOC:obol positive regulation of DNA formation GOC:obol positive regulation of DNA synthesis GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay. pr 2011-04-18T03:32:42Z regulation of mRNA breakdown, nonsense-mediated decay regulation of mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated regulation of mRNA catabolism, nonsense-mediated regulation of mRNA degradation, nonsense-mediated decay regulation of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay regulation of nuclear mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay biological_process GO:2000622 regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay. GOC:obol regulation of mRNA breakdown, nonsense-mediated decay GOC:obol regulation of mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated GOC:obol regulation of mRNA catabolism, nonsense-mediated GOC:obol regulation of mRNA degradation, nonsense-mediated decay GOC:obol regulation of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay GOC:obol regulation of nuclear mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay GOC:obol Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay. pr 2011-04-18T03:32:46Z negative regulation of mRNA breakdown, nonsense-mediated decay negative regulation of mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated negative regulation of mRNA catabolism, nonsense-mediated negative regulation of mRNA degradation, nonsense-mediated decay negative regulation of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay negative regulation of nuclear mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay biological_process GO:2000623 negative regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay. GOC:obol negative regulation of mRNA breakdown, nonsense-mediated decay GOC:obol negative regulation of mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated GOC:obol negative regulation of mRNA catabolism, nonsense-mediated GOC:obol negative regulation of mRNA degradation, nonsense-mediated decay GOC:obol negative regulation of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay GOC:obol negative regulation of nuclear mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay. pr 2011-04-18T03:32:49Z positive regulation of mRNA breakdown, nonsense-mediated decay positive regulation of mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated positive regulation of mRNA catabolism, nonsense-mediated positive regulation of mRNA degradation, nonsense-mediated decay positive regulation of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay positive regulation of nuclear mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay biological_process GO:2000624 positive regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay. GOC:obol positive regulation of mRNA breakdown, nonsense-mediated decay GOC:obol positive regulation of mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated GOC:obol positive regulation of mRNA catabolism, nonsense-mediated GOC:obol positive regulation of mRNA degradation, nonsense-mediated decay GOC:obol positive regulation of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay GOC:obol positive regulation of nuclear mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defecation rhythm. rfoulger 2011-06-15T03:23:07Z regulation of DMP regulation of defecation cycle regulation of defecation motor program biological_process regulation of defecation behavior GO:2000746 regulation of defecation rhythm Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defecation rhythm. GOC:kmv regulation of DMP GOC:obol regulation of defecation cycle GOC:obol regulation of defecation motor program GOC:obol regulation of defecation behavior GOC:obol Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defecation rhythm. rfoulger 2011-06-15T03:23:10Z negative regulation of DMP negative regulation of defecation cycle negative regulation of defecation motor program biological_process negative regulation of defecation behavior GO:2000747 negative regulation of defecation rhythm Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defecation rhythm. GOC:kmv negative regulation of DMP GOC:obol negative regulation of defecation cycle GOC:obol negative regulation of defecation motor program GOC:obol negative regulation of defecation behavior GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of defecation rhythm. rfoulger 2011-06-15T03:23:13Z positive regulation of DMP positive regulation of defecation cycle positive regulation of defecation motor program biological_process positive regulation of defecation behavior GO:2000748 positive regulation of defecation rhythm Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of defecation rhythm. GOC:kmv positive regulation of DMP GOC:obol positive regulation of defecation cycle GOC:obol positive regulation of defecation motor program GOC:obol positive regulation of defecation behavior GOC:obol The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components located at the endosome. Endosomes can provide important intracellular signaling platforms and provide spatial and temporal control over signal transduction. rfoulger 2011-07-01T03:45:12Z endosome-based signaling signaling from endosome biological_process signaling cascade in endosome signaling pathway in endosome signalling cascade in endosome signalling pathway in endosome GO:2000803 endosomal signal transduction The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components located at the endosome. Endosomes can provide important intracellular signaling platforms and provide spatial and temporal control over signal transduction. GOC:bf GOC:signaling PMID:15084302 PMID:17662591 endosome-based signaling PMID:17662591 signaling from endosome PMID:17662591 signaling cascade in endosome GOC:obol signaling pathway in endosome GOC:obol signalling cascade in endosome GOC:obol signalling pathway in endosome GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle clustering. pr 2011-07-06T09:50:30Z biological_process GO:2000807 regulation of synaptic vesicle clustering Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle clustering. PMID:21513708 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle clustering. pr 2011-07-06T09:50:34Z biological_process GO:2000808 negative regulation of synaptic vesicle clustering Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle clustering. PMID:21513708 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle clustering. pr 2011-07-06T09:50:37Z biological_process GO:2000809 positive regulation of synaptic vesicle clustering Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle clustering. PMID:21513708 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic sister chromatid separation. midori 2011-07-11T04:45:06Z negative regulation of mitotic sister chromatid resolution negative regulation of sister chromatid separation during mitosis biological_process negative regulation of chromosome separation during mitosis negative regulation of mitotic chromosome separation GO:2000816 negative regulation of mitotic sister chromatid separation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic sister chromatid separation. GOC:obol negative regulation of mitotic sister chromatid resolution GOC:obol negative regulation of sister chromatid separation during mitosis GOC:obol negative regulation of chromosome separation during mitosis GOC:obol negative regulation of mitotic chromosome separation GOC:obol The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant RNAs that takes place in the mitochondrion. rfoulger 2011-07-20T01:33:23Z RNA quality control in mitochondria RNA quality control in mitochondrion RNA surveillance in mitochondria aberrant RNA catabolic process in mitochondria aberrant RNA catabolic process in mitochondrion biological_process GO:2000827 mitochondrial RNA surveillance The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant RNAs that takes place in the mitochondrion. PMID:19864255 RNA quality control in mitochondria GOC:obol RNA quality control in mitochondrion GOC:obol RNA surveillance in mitochondria GOC:obol aberrant RNA catabolic process in mitochondria GOC:obol aberrant RNA catabolic process in mitochondrion GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA damage stimulus. yaf 2011-08-19T10:20:25Z regulation of DNA damage response regulation of cellular DNA damage response regulation of cellular response to DNA damage stimulus regulation of response to genotoxic stress biological_process GO:2001020 regulation of response to DNA damage stimulus Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA damage stimulus. GOC:obol regulation of DNA damage response GOC:obol regulation of cellular DNA damage response GOC:obol regulation of cellular response to DNA damage stimulus GOC:obol regulation of response to genotoxic stress GOC:obol Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA damage stimulus. yaf 2011-08-19T10:20:29Z negative regulation of DNA damage response negative regulation of cellular DNA damage response negative regulation of cellular response to DNA damage stimulus negative regulation of response to genotoxic stress biological_process GO:2001021 negative regulation of response to DNA damage stimulus Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA damage stimulus. GOC:obol negative regulation of DNA damage response GOC:obol negative regulation of cellular DNA damage response GOC:obol negative regulation of cellular response to DNA damage stimulus GOC:obol negative regulation of response to genotoxic stress GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA damage stimulus. yaf 2011-08-19T10:20:33Z positive regulation of DNA damage response positive regulation of cellular DNA damage response positive regulation of cellular response to DNA damage stimulus positive regulation of response to genotoxic stress biological_process GO:2001022 positive regulation of response to DNA damage stimulus Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA damage stimulus. GOC:obol positive regulation of DNA damage response GOC:obol positive regulation of cellular DNA damage response GOC:obol positive regulation of cellular response to DNA damage stimulus GOC:obol positive regulation of response to genotoxic stress GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to drug. yaf 2011-08-19T01:47:20Z biological_process regulation of drug resistance regulation of drug susceptibility/resistance GO:2001023 regulation of response to drug Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to drug. GOC:obol regulation of drug resistance GOC:obol regulation of drug susceptibility/resistance GOC:obol Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to drug. yaf 2011-08-19T01:47:24Z biological_process negative regulation of drug resistance negative regulation of drug susceptibility/resistance GO:2001024 negative regulation of response to drug Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to drug. GOC:obol negative regulation of drug resistance GOC:obol negative regulation of drug susceptibility/resistance GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to drug. yaf 2011-08-19T01:47:27Z biological_process positive regulation of drug resistance positive regulation of drug susceptibility/resistance GO:2001025 positive regulation of response to drug Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to drug. GOC:obol positive regulation of drug resistance GOC:obol positive regulation of drug susceptibility/resistance GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process. dph 2011-10-17T11:36:25Z regulation of RNA anabolism regulation of RNA biosynthesis regulation of RNA formation regulation of RNA synthesis biological_process GO:2001141 regulation of RNA biosynthetic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process. GOC:dph regulation of RNA anabolism GOC:obol regulation of RNA biosynthesis GOC:obol regulation of RNA formation GOC:obol regulation of RNA synthesis GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron migration. kmv 2011-11-17T10:01:38Z regulation of neuron chemotaxis regulation of neuronal migration biological_process regulation of neuron guidance GO:2001222 regulation of neuron migration Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron migration. GOC:obol regulation of neuron chemotaxis GOC:obol regulation of neuronal migration GOC:obol regulation of neuron guidance GOC:obol Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron migration. kmv 2011-11-17T10:01:45Z negative regulation of neuron chemotaxis negative regulation of neuronal migration biological_process negative regulation of neuron guidance GO:2001223 negative regulation of neuron migration Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron migration. GOC:obol negative regulation of neuron chemotaxis GOC:obol negative regulation of neuronal migration GOC:obol negative regulation of neuron guidance GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron migration. kmv 2011-11-17T10:01:49Z positive regulation of neuron chemotaxis positive regulation of neuronal migration biological_process positive regulation of neuron guidance GO:2001224 positive regulation of neuron migration Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron migration. GOC:obol positive regulation of neuron chemotaxis GOC:obol positive regulation of neuronal migration GOC:obol positive regulation of neuron guidance GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to gamma radiation. yaf 2011-11-20T04:51:07Z biological_process regulation of response to gamma ray regulation of response to gamma-ray photon GO:2001228 regulation of response to gamma radiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to gamma radiation. GOC:obol regulation of response to gamma ray GOC:obol regulation of response to gamma-ray photon GOC:obol Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to gamma radiation. yaf 2011-11-20T04:51:14Z biological_process negative regulation of response to gamma ray negative regulation of response to gamma-ray photon GO:2001229 negative regulation of response to gamma radiation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to gamma radiation. GOC:obol negative regulation of response to gamma ray GOC:obol negative regulation of response to gamma-ray photon GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to gamma radiation. yaf 2011-11-20T04:51:17Z biological_process positive regulation of response to gamma ray positive regulation of response to gamma-ray photon GO:2001230 positive regulation of response to gamma radiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to gamma radiation. GOC:obol positive regulation of response to gamma ray GOC:obol positive regulation of response to gamma-ray photon GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway. pr 2011-11-24T01:20:49Z regulation of apoptotic signalling pathway biological_process GO:2001233 regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway. GOC:mtg_apoptosis regulation of apoptotic signalling pathway GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway. pr 2011-11-24T01:20:54Z negative regulation of apoptotic signalling pathway biological_process GO:2001234 negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway. GOC:mtg_apoptosis negative regulation of apoptotic signalling pathway GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway. pr 2011-11-24T01:20:58Z positive regulation of apoptotic signalling pathway biological_process GO:2001235 positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway. GOC:mtg_apoptosis positive regulation of apoptotic signalling pathway GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. pr 2011-11-24T01:35:56Z regulation of intrinsic apoptotic pathway regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signalling pathway regulation of mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway regulation of intrinsic apoptosis biological_process GO:2001242 regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. GOC:mtg_apoptosis regulation of intrinsic apoptotic pathway GOC:obol regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signalling pathway GOC:mah regulation of mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway GOC:obol Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. pr 2011-11-24T01:36:03Z negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic pathway negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signalling pathway negative regulation of mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway negative regulation of intrinsic apoptosis biological_process GO:2001243 negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. GOC:mtg_apoptosis negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic pathway GOC:obol negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signalling pathway GOC:mah negative regulation of mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. pr 2011-11-24T01:36:07Z positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic pathway positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signalling pathway positive regulation of mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway positive regulation of intrinsic apoptosis biological_process GO:2001244 positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. GOC:mtg_apoptosis positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic pathway GOC:obol positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signalling pathway GOC:mah positive regulation of mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway GOC:obol Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome organization. yaf 2011-12-02T02:01:20Z negative regulation of chromosome organisation biological_process negative regulation of chromosome organization and biogenesis negative regulation of maintenance of genome integrity negative regulation of nuclear genome maintenance GO:2001251 negative regulation of chromosome organization Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome organization. GOC:obol negative regulation of chromosome organisation GOC:obol negative regulation of chromosome organization and biogenesis GOC:obol negative regulation of maintenance of genome integrity GOC:obol negative regulation of nuclear genome maintenance GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome organization. yaf 2011-12-02T02:01:26Z positive regulation of chromosome organisation biological_process positive regulation of chromosome organization and biogenesis positive regulation of maintenance of genome integrity positive regulation of nuclear genome maintenance GO:2001252 positive regulation of chromosome organization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome organization. GOC:obol positive regulation of chromosome organisation GOC:obol positive regulation of chromosome organization and biogenesis GOC:obol positive regulation of maintenance of genome integrity GOC:obol positive regulation of nuclear genome maintenance GOC:obol data item Data items include counts of things, analyte concentrations, and statistical summaries. a data item is an information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements. 2/2/2009 Alan and Bjoern discussing FACS run output data. This is a data item because it is about the cell population. Each element records an event and is typically further composed a set of measurment data items that record the fluorescent intensity stimulated by one of the lasers. 2009-03-16: data item deliberatly ambiguous: we merged data set and datum to be one entity, not knowing how to define singular versus plural. So data item is more general than datum. 2009-03-16: removed datum as alternative term as datum specifically refers to singular form, and is thus not an exact synonym. 2014-03-31: See discussion at http://odontomachus.wordpress.com/2014/03/30/aboutness-objects-propositions/ JAR: datum -- well, this will be very tricky to define, but maybe some information-like stuff that might be put into a computer and that is meant, by someone, to denote and/or to be interpreted by some process... I would include lists, tables, sentences... I think I might defer to Barry, or to Brian Cantwell Smith JAR: A data item is an approximately justified approximately true approximate belief PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Chris Stoeckert PERSON: Jonathan Rees data data item information content entity Examples of information content entites include journal articles, data, graphical layouts, and graphs. A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing. 2014-03-10: The use of "thing" is intended to be general enough to include universals and configurations (see https://groups.google.com/d/msg/information-ontology/GBxvYZCk1oc/-L6B5fSBBTQJ). information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some digital_entity in obi before split (040907). information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some physical_document in obi before split (040907). Previous. An information content entity is a non-realizable information entity that 'is encoded in' some digital or physical entity. PERSON: Chris Stoeckert OBI_0000142 information content entity curation status specification The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value. Better to represent curation as a process with parts and then relate labels to that process (in IAO meeting) PERSON:Bill Bug GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> OBI_0000266 curation status specification data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term Person:Alan Ruttenberg data about an ontology part obsolescence reason specification The reason for which a term has been deprecated. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value. The creation of this class has been inspired in part by Werner Ceusters' paper, Applying evolutionary terminology auditing to the Gene Ontology. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Melanie Courtot obsolescence reason specification The Basic Formal Ontology ontology makes a distinction between Universals and defined classes, where the formal are "natural kinds" and the latter arbitrary collections of entities. A denotator type indicates how a term should be interpreted from an ontological perspective. Alan Ruttenberg Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters denotator type GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy all root all GC_ID:1 fish fishes ncbi_taxonomy Agnatha Hyperotreti fish fishes Agnatha GC_ID:1 fish fishes ncbi_taxonomy Agnatha Cephalaspidomorphi Monorhina Hyperoartia fish fishes Agnatha Cephalaspidomorphi Monorhina GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy Teleostomi NCBITaxon:40673 GC_ID:1 bony vertebrates ncbi_taxonomy Euteleostomi bony vertebrates GC_ID:1 fish fishes lobe-finned fishes ncbi_taxonomy Actinistia Choanichthyes Crossopterygii Coelacanthimorpha fish fishes lobe-finned fishes Actinistia Choanichthyes Crossopterygii GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy Ecdysozoa GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy Lophotrochozoa GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy biota cellular organisms biota GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy Eleutherozoa GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy Dipnotetrapodomorpha GC_ID:1 jawless vertebrates ncbi_taxonomy Agnatha Cyclostomata jawless vertebrates Agnatha GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy Osteoglossocephalai GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy Actinopteri GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy Clupeocephala GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy Otophysa Otophysi Otophysa GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy Cypriniphysi Cypriniphysae Cypriniphysi GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy Ostarioclupeomorpha Otocephala Otomorpha Ostarioclupeomorpha Otocephala GC_ID:1 PMID:23020233 eucaryotes eukaryotes ncbi_taxonomy Eucarya Eucaryotae Eukarya Eukaryotae euk- eukaryotes NCBITaxon:2759 Eukaryota eucaryotes eukaryotes Eucarya Eucaryotae Eukarya Eukaryotae euk- PRO:DAN eukaryotes GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy Cyprinoidei Cyprinoidea Cyprinoidei GC_ID:1 PMID:11114173 PMID:11214319 PMID:12128031 PMID:12878460 PMID:15306319 PMID:9214502 PMID:9667998 ncbi_taxonomy Afrotheria GC_ID:1 teleost fishes ncbi_taxonomy Teleostei teleost fishes GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy Ostariophysi GC_ID:1 tetrapods ncbi_taxonomy Tetrapoda tetrapods GC_ID:1 amniotes ncbi_taxonomy Amniota amniotes GC_ID:1 Theria ncbi_taxonomy Theria <Mammalia> Theria GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy Fungi/Metazoa group opisthokonts NCBITaxon:33154 Opisthokonta Fungi/Metazoa group opisthokonts GC_ID:1 metazoans multicellular animals ncbi_taxonomy Animalia animals metazoan- NCBITaxon:33208 Metazoa metazoans multicellular animals Animalia animals metazoan- PRO:DAN GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy Bilateria GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy Protostomia GC_ID:1 deuterostomes ncbi_taxonomy Deuterostomia deuterostomes GC_ID:1 mammal mammals ncbi_taxonomy mammal- mammals NCBITaxon:40674 Mammalia mammal mammals mammal- PRO:DAN mammals GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy Neopterygi Neopterygii Neopterygi GC_ID:1 sponges ncbi_taxonomy Parazoa sponges Porifera sponges Parazoa sponges GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy Eumetazoa GC_ID:1 nematode nematodes roundworm roundworms ncbi_taxonomy Nemata nematodes Nematoda nematode nematodes roundworm roundworms Nemata nematodes GC_ID:1 annelid worms ncbi_taxonomy segmented worms Annelida annelid worms segmented worms GC_ID:1 molluscs mollusks ncbi_taxonomy molluscs Mollusca molluscs mollusks molluscs GC_ID:1 bivalves ncbi_taxonomy Lamellibranchiata Pelecypoda bivalves Bivalvia bivalves Lamellibranchiata Pelecypoda bivalves GC_ID:1 echinoderms ncbi_taxonomy echinoderms Echinodermata echinoderms echinoderms GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy Asterozoa GC_ID:1 sea stars starfish starfishes ncbi_taxonomy starfish Asteroidea sea stars starfish starfishes starfish GC_ID:1 chordates ncbi_taxonomy chordates Chordata chordates chordates GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy lancelets Cephalochordata lancelets GC_ID:1 amphioxi amphioxius lancelets ncbi_taxonomy Branchiostomatidae Branchiostomidae amphioxi amphioxius lancelets Branchiostomatidae GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy Branchiostoma GC_ID:1 Vertebrata vertebrates ncbi_taxonomy vertebrates Vertebrata <Metazoa> Vertebrata vertebrates vertebrates GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy Petromyzoniformes lampreys Petromyzontiformes Petromyzoniformes lampreys GC_ID:1 lampreys ncbi_taxonomy Petromyzonidae Petromyzontidae lampreys Petromyzonidae GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy Myxinoidea hagfishes Myxiniformes Myxinoidea hagfishes GC_ID:1 hagfishes ncbi_taxonomy Myxinidae hagfishes GC_ID:1 Gnathostomata jawed vertebrates ncbi_taxonomy Gnathostomata <vertebrate> Gnathostomata jawed vertebrates GC_ID:1 dipnoans fish fishes lungfishes ncbi_taxonomy Choanichthyes Dipneusti Dipnomorpha Osteichthyes lungfishes Dipnoi dipnoans fish fishes lungfishes Choanichthyes Dipneusti Dipnomorpha Osteichthyes lungfishes GC_ID:1 fish fishes ray-finned fishes ncbi_taxonomy Actinopterygi Osteichthyes bony fishes Actinopterygii fish fishes ray-finned fishes Actinopterygi Osteichthyes bony fishes GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy Cypriniformes GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy Cyprinidae NCBITaxon:46777 NCBITaxon:487617 GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy Brachydanio Celestichthys Danio Brachydanio Celestichthys NCBITaxon:27702 NCBITaxon:37966 GC_ID:1 leopard danio zebra danio zebra fish zebrafish ncbi_taxonomy Brachidanio rerio Brachydanio rerio Brachydanio rerio frankei Cyprinus rerio Danio frankei Danio rerio frankei NCBITaxon:7955 Danio rerio leopard danio zebra danio zebra fish zebrafish zebrafish Brachidanio rerio Brachydanio rerio Brachydanio rerio frankei Cyprinus rerio Danio frankei Danio rerio frankei GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy Homoscleromorpha GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy Sarcopterygii GC_ID:1 amphibians ncbi_taxonomy amphibians Amphibia amphibians amphibians GC_ID:1 Craniata ncbi_taxonomy Craniata <chordata> Craniata GC_ID:1 eutherian mammals placental mammals placentals ncbi_taxonomy Placentalia placentals Eutheria eutherian mammals placental mammals placentals Placentalia placentals GC_ID:1 manatees and dugongs (seacows) ncbi_taxonomy Sirenia manatees and dugongs (seacows) GC_ID:1 manatees ncbi_taxonomy Trichechidae manatees ncbi_taxonomy class ncbi_taxonomy family ncbi_taxonomy genus ncbi_taxonomy infraclass ncbi_taxonomy kingdom ncbi_taxonomy order ncbi_taxonomy phylum ncbi_taxonomy species ncbi_taxonomy subclass ncbi_taxonomy subphylum ncbi_taxonomy superclass ncbi_taxonomy superfamily ncbi_taxonomy superkingdom ncbi_taxonomy superorder obi OBI:0100026 organism A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities quality (PATO) PATO:0000072 quality PATO:0000001 quality A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities PATOC:GVG A quality of inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to move freely. quality PATO:0000004 Should be defined using translocation. mobility A quality of inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to move freely. PATOC:GVG A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's scalar absolute value of the rate of change of the bearer's position. quality velocity PATO:0000008 speed A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's scalar absolute value of the rate of change of the bearer's position. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocity A composite chromatic quality composed of hue, saturation and intensity parts. PATO:0000020 colour relative color quality PATO:0000014 color A composite chromatic quality composed of hue, saturation and intensity parts. PATOC:GVG A scalar optical property that is the intensity, value or amount of perceived light. color intensity color lightness color value quality PATO:0000016 Color brightness refers to the intensity, lightness or value of the light present. Think of this as a dimmer switch. color brightness A scalar optical property that is the intensity, value or amount of perceived light. PATOC:MAH A scalar chromatic property that is the degree of purity of perceived light. quality PATO:0000017 Color saturation refers to the amount of white light or gray paint mixed in with the hue (single wavelength) and is a measure of color purity. color saturation A scalar chromatic property that is the degree of purity of perceived light. PATOC:GVG A luminous flux quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's emitting longer wavelength light following the absorption of shorter wavelength radiation; fluorescence is common with aromatic compounds with several rings joined together. quality PATO:0000018 fluorescence A luminous flux quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's emitting longer wavelength light following the absorption of shorter wavelength radiation; fluorescence is common with aromatic compounds with several rings joined together. PATOC:GVG A single physical entity inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's quantities or relative ratios of subparts. PATO:0002015 composed of compositionality content structure, composition quality PATO:0000025 For example calcium composition (which may inhere in bone), haemoglobin composition (which may inhere in blood). composition A single physical entity inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's quantities or relative ratios of subparts. PATOC:GVG A quality inhering in a substance by virtue of the amount of the bearer's there is mixed with another substance. concentration quality PATO:0000033 concentration of A quality inhering in a substance by virtue of the amount of the bearer's there is mixed with another substance. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/concentration A quality that is the extent of space between two entities. quality PATO:0000040 distance A quality that is the extent of space between two entities. PATOC:GVG A physical quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the number of the bearer's repetitive actions in a particular time. quality PATO:0000044 frequency A physical quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the number of the bearer's repetitive actions in a particular time. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/frequency An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to undergo sexual reproduction in order to differentiate the individuals or types involved. quality PATO:0000047 biological sex An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to undergo sexual reproduction in order to differentiate the individuals or types involved. MGED:MGED A time quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's expected maximum age. quality PATO:0000050 life span A time quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's expected maximum age. PATOC:GVG morphology A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure. quality PATO:0000051 morphology A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure. PATOC:GVG A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ratios of distances between its features (points, edges, surfaces and also holes etc). PATO:0001647 relational shape quality quality PATO:0000052 Shapes are invariant on size transformations. Shapes can be subdivided into 2D and 3D shapes, We can also make a distinction between shapes of complete self-connected objects, and shapes of parts of objects. shape A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ratios of distances between its features (points, edges, surfaces and also holes etc). PATOC:GVG A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's occurrence. PATO:0000156 PATO:0000158 temporal incidence quality PATO:0000057 occurrence A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's occurrence. PATOC:GVG A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting repetition of placement of its parts. PATO:0000132 PATO:0001565 distribution quality pattern PATO:0000060 spatial pattern A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting repetition of placement of its parts. PATOC:GVG quality PATO:0000068 TODO: define this or obsolete it and move children somewhere else. qualitative A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the whether the bearer differs from normal or average. quality PATO:0000069 deviation(from_normal) A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the whether the bearer differs from normal or average. PATOC:GVG The number of entities of this type that are part of the whole organism. PATO:0000053 PATO:0000071 PATO:0001169 PATO:0001226 presence or absence in organism quantitative quality count in organism number presence PATO:0000070 This term was originally named "presence". It has been renamed to reduce ambiguity. Consider annotating with the reciprocal relation,PATO:0001555, has_number_of. For example, rather than E=fin ray Q=count in organism C=10, say E=organism Q=has number of E2= fin ray C=10. amount The number of entities of this type that are part of the whole organism. PATOC:GVG A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the whether the bearer's disposition to react to a stimulus or an agent. quality reactivity response responsivity PATO:0000077 response to A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the whether the bearer's disposition to react to a stimulus or an agent. PATOC:GVG reactivity GOC:CJM A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's movement or variation characterized by the regular recurrence or alternation of different quantities or conditions. quality PATO:0000078 rhythm quality A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's movement or variation characterized by the regular recurrence or alternation of different quantities or conditions. answers.com:answers.com A physical quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the size of the bearer's maximum displacement from the 'normal' position, when periodic motion is taking place. quality PATO:0000080 amplitude A physical quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the size of the bearer's maximum displacement from the 'normal' position, when periodic motion is taking place. thesaurus.maths:thesaurus.maths A rhythm quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the repetitiveness of bearer's rhythm. quality PATO:0000082 persistence A rhythm quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the repetitiveness of bearer's rhythm. reference.com:reference.com A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to detect or perceive external stimulation. sensitivity quality PATO:0000085 sensitivity toward A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to detect or perceive external stimulation. PATOC:GVG size A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical magnitude. quality PATO:0000117 size A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical magnitude. WordNet:WordNet A 1-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's vertical dimension of extension. quality PATO:0000119 height A 1-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's vertical dimension of extension. PATOC:GVG length A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance between two points. quality PATO:0000122 length A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance between two points. PATOC:GVG A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's placement which is defined by the angle between the bearer and an axis, or the angle between the bearer and another object. PATO:0000137 angular placement quality amount of rotation angle angular magnitude plane angle PATO:0000133 orientation A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's placement which is defined by the angle between the bearer and an axis, or the angle between the bearer and another object. PATOC:JE A morphological quality pertaining to the degree to which an object contains an opening, aperture, orifice or vent. quality PATO:0000136 closure A morphological quality pertaining to the degree to which an object contains an opening, aperture, orifice or vent. PATOC:CJM PATOC:GVG A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spatial location relative to other objects in the vicinity. PATO:0001032 PATO:0001631 location placement relational spatial quality quality PATO:0000140 position A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spatial location relative to other objects in the vicinity. PATOC:GVG A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative position, shape, arrangements and connectivity of an organism's various parts; the pattern underlying its form. PATO:0001452 conformation relational structural quality quality PATO:0000141 structure A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative position, shape, arrangements and connectivity of an organism's various parts; the pattern underlying its form. PATOC:GVG conformation VT:1000738 A morphologic quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative size, organization and distribution of its surface elements or the representation or invention of the appearance of its surface; visual and tactile surface characteristics. quality PATO:0000150 texture A morphologic quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative size, organization and distribution of its surface elements or the representation or invention of the appearance of its surface; visual and tactile surface characteristics. PATOC:GVG A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's occurrence per unit time. quality PATO:0000161 rate A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's occurrence per unit time. PATOC:melissa A quality in which events occur in sequence. quality PATO:0000165 time A quality in which events occur in sequence. PATOC:GVG An organismal quality inhering in a bearer or a population by virtue of the bearer's disposition to survive and develop normally or the number of surviving individuals in a given population. quality PATO:0000169 viability An organismal quality inhering in a bearer or a population by virtue of the bearer's disposition to survive and develop normally or the number of surviving individuals in a given population. PATOC:GVG An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's behavior aggregate of the responses or reactions or movements in a given situation. PATO:0001722 behavioural quality quality PATO:0000186 behavioral quality An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's behavior aggregate of the responses or reactions or movements in a given situation. PATOC:GVG A behavioral quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having or lacking skillful and effective interaction of movement. quality PATO:0000188 coordination A behavioral quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having or lacking skillful and effective interaction of movement. PATOC:GVG A reproductive quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's initiating, sustaining, or supporting reproduction. quality PATO:0000274 fertility A reproductive quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's initiating, sustaining, or supporting reproduction. PATOC:GVG A reproductive quality inhering in the young of an animal by virtue of their number. quality litter size PATO:0000276 brood size A reproductive quality inhering in the young of an animal by virtue of their number. PATOC:GVG A fertility quality of inhering in a male by virtue of the bearer's disposition to initiate, sustain, or support reproduction. quality PATO:0000279 male fertility A fertility quality of inhering in a male by virtue of the bearer's disposition to initiate, sustain, or support reproduction. PATOC:GVG A quality of a process which ends earlier than the natural end time or reference process. PATO:0001508 abolished quality incomplete PATO:0000297 TODO: the definition is incorrect. See absent. arrested A quality of a process which ends earlier than the natural end time or reference process. PATOC:LC A mobility quality of inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to move freely. quality PATO:0000299 mobile A mobility quality of inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to move freely. PATOC:GVG A mobility quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being incapable to move freely. quality fixed PATO:0000300 immobile A mobility quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being incapable to move freely. PATOC:GVG A speed which is relatively high. high speed quality fast speed PATO:0000303 increased speed A speed which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A speed which is relatively low. slow slow speed quality PATO:0000304 decreased speed A speed which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG A color brightness which is relatively low. dark quality PATO:0000327 low brightness A color brightness which is relatively low. PATOC:MAH A color saturation which is of low purity. pale quality dull PATO:0000328 low saturation A color saturation which is of low purity. PATOC:MAH A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's magnitude of or the relationships between its repeated parts lack consistency. quality PATO:0000330 irregular spatial pattern A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's magnitude of or the relationships between its repeated parts lack consistency. PATOC:GVG A distance which is greater relative to the normal or average. quality long distance PATO:0000374 increased distance A distance which is greater relative to the normal or average. PATOC:GVG A distance which is lesser relative to the normal or average. quality short distance PATO:0000375 decreased distance A distance which is lesser relative to the normal or average. PATOC:GVG A frequency which is relatively high. high frequency quality frequent PATO:0000380 increased frequency A frequency which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A frequency which is relatively low. low frequency quality infrequent PATO:0000381 decreased frequency A frequency which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population whose sex organs contain only male gametes. quality PATO:0000384 male A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population whose sex organs contain only male gametes. MGED:MGED A branchiness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having branches. ramified ramiform quality PATO:0000402 branched A branchiness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having branches. WordNet:WordNet A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being curled or wound (especially in concentric rings or spirals). PATO:0001363 spiral quality helical helicoid helicoidal helix-shaped PATO:0000404 coiled A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being curled or wound (especially in concentric rings or spirals). WordNet:WordNet A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being such that every part of the surface or the circumference is equidistant from the center. quality round rounded PATO:0000411 circular A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being such that every part of the surface or the circumference is equidistant from the center. thefreedictionary.com:thefreedictionary.com A branchiness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking branches. quality PATO:0000414 unbranched A branchiness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking branches. PATOC:GVG A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being not curled or wound (especially in concentric rings or spirals). quality PATO:0000415 uncoiled A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being not curled or wound (especially in concentric rings or spirals). WordNet:WordNet A variability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking or not exhibiting variation. uniform quality constant PATO:0000438 invariant A variability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking or not exhibiting variation. Dictionary:http://dictionary.reference.com/ A pattern quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a repeatable or predictable placement. quality PATO:0000440 regular spatial pattern A pattern quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a repeatable or predictable placement. PATOC:GVG A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's deviation from normal or average. quality aberrant atypia atypical defective PATO:0000460 abnormal A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's deviation from normal or average. PATOC:GVG A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting no deviation from normal or average. quality average PATO:0000461 normal A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting no deviation from normal or average. PATOC:GVG A quality denoting the lack of an entity. PATO:0001996 absence absent from organism quality PATO:0000462 See documentation here: http://code.google.com/p/phenotype-ontologies/wiki/ModelingOfAbsence absent A quality denoting the lack of an entity. thefreedictionary.:thefreedictionary. A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's existence. quality present in organism PATO:0000467 present A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's existence. PATOC:GVG An amount which is relatively high. PATO:0000420 PATO:0000650 increased number present in greater numbers in organism supernumerary quality accessory increased PATO:0000470 increased amount An amount which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A response quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to react to a stimulus or an agent. responsive quality PATO:0000487 responsive to A response quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to react to a stimulus or an agent. PATOC:GVG A response quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lack of reaction to a stimulus or an agent. unresponsive quality PATO:0000488 unresponsive to A response quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lack of reaction to a stimulus or an agent. PATOC:GVG A duration quality of a process which is relatively high. PATO:0000715 high time increased period increased time quality chronic prolonged period slow time PATO:0000498 increased duration A duration quality of a process which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A duration quality of a process which is relatively low. PATO:0000716 decreased period decreased time low period shortened period quality fast time PATO:0000499 decreased duration A duration quality of a process which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG A quality of a process which starts later than the natural start time or the reference process. quality late PATO:0000502 delayed A quality of a process which starts later than the natural start time or the reference process. PATOC:LC A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking sensitivity toward an external stimulus. insensitive quality resistant PATO:0000513 insensitive toward A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking sensitivity toward an external stimulus. PATOC:GVG A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having sensitivity toward an external stimulus. sensitive quality PATO:0000516 sensitive toward A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having sensitivity toward an external stimulus. PATOC:GVG A height which is relatively low. quality short PATO:0000569 decreased height A height which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG A height which is relatively high. quality tall PATO:0000570 increased height A height which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A length quality which is relatively large. long quality PATO:0000573 increased length A length quality which is relatively large. PATOC:GVG A length quality which is relatively small. short quality shortened stubby PATO:0000574 decreased length A length quality which is relatively small. PATOC:GVG An increased size quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting enlargement of a cell or constituent group of cells (for example, organ). hypertrophy quality PATO:0000584 hypertrophic An increased size quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting enlargement of a cell or constituent group of cells (for example, organ). PATOC:MAH A decreased size quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting reduced size of a cell or constituent group of cells (for example, organ). PATO:0000412 shrunken quality PATO:0000585 hypotrophic A decreased size quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting reduced size of a cell or constituent group of cells (for example, organ). PATOC:MAH A size quality which is relatively high. PATO:0001202 quality big enlarged expanded great large PATO:0000586 increased size A size quality which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A size quality which is relatively low. hypoplasia underdeveloped quality reduced small tiny PATO:0000587 decreased size A size quality which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG A thickness which is relatively high. high thickness stout thickened quality thick PATO:0000591 increased thickness A thickness which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A thickness which is relatively low. low thickness quality slender thin PATO:0000592 decreased thickness A thickness which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG A volume which is relatively high. high volume quality large volume PATO:0000595 increased volume A volume which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A volume which is relatively low. low volume quality small volume PATO:0000596 decreased volume A volume which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's affording blocked passage or view. quality blocked PATO:0000608 closed A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's affording blocked passage or view. answers.com:answers.com A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's affording unobstructed passage or view. quality PATO:0000610 open A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's affording unobstructed passage or view. answers.com:answers.com A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking orientation. quality PATO:0000613 disoriented A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking orientation. PATOC:GVG A pattern where all the repeated elements are oriented in the same direction. quality PATO:0000614 oriented A pattern where all the repeated elements are oriented in the same direction. PATOC:MAH A symmetry quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking symmetry. asymmetric asymmetry quality PATO:0000616 asymmetrical A symmetry quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking symmetry. PATOC:GVG A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having one or more angle(s) in its length. angled quality PATO:0000617 bent A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having one or more angle(s) in its length. PATOC:MAH An oriented quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being reversed in position, order, or condition. quality backward reversed PATO:0000625 inverted An oriented quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being reversed in position, order, or condition. PATOC:GVG A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue the bearer's being changed in abnormal position. PATO:0000621 ectopic mislocalized quality PATO:0000628 mislocalised A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue the bearer's being changed in abnormal position. PATOC:GVG A structural quality inhering in a bearer whose structure deteriorates or is lost over time due to an active pathological process. degeneration quality PATO:0000639 degenerate A structural quality inhering in a bearer whose structure deteriorates or is lost over time due to an active pathological process. PATOC:PortlandMeetingFeb2015 PATOC:mb A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being merged with another entity. fused fused to quality coalesced joined with merged with PATO:0000642 fused with A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being merged with another entity. PATOC:GVG A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being blocked or filled with obstacles or an obstacle. quality PATO:0000648 obstructed A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being blocked or filled with obstacles or an obstacle. thefreedictionary.com:thefreedictionary.com A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being no longer merged with another entity. unfused quality PATO:0000651 unfused from A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being no longer merged with another entity. PATOC:nw A color brightness which is relatively high. light quality PATO:0000665 high brightness A color brightness which is relatively high. PATOC:MAH A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's not occurring or existing at the same time or having the same period or phase. quality PATO:0000688 asynchronous A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's not occurring or existing at the same time or having the same period or phase. WordNet:WordNet A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being uninterrupted in time, sequence, substance, or extent. PATO:0000429 uninterrupted quality PATO:0000689 continuous A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being uninterrupted in time, sequence, substance, or extent. thefreedictionary.com:thefreedictionary.com A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being marked by breaks or interruptions. PATO:0000426 interrupted quality intermittent PATO:0000690 discontinuous A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being marked by breaks or interruptions. thefreedictionary.com:thefreedictionary.com A quality of a process which starts earlier than the natural start time or the reference process. PATO:0000691 PATO:0002086 advanced quality early precocious PATO:0000694 premature A quality of a process which starts earlier than the natural start time or the reference process. PATO:LC A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's occurring or existing at the same time or having the same period or phase. quality PATO:0000695 synchronous A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's occurring or existing at the same time or having the same period or phase. PATOC:GVG A viability quality inhering in a population by virtue of the bearer's long term survival inability. quality PATO:0000718 lethal (sensu genetics) A viability quality inhering in a population by virtue of the bearer's long term survival inability. PATOC:GVG A behavioral quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting increased activity. hyperactive quality PATO:0000760 increased behavioural activity A behavioral quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting increased activity. PATOC:GVG A behavioral quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting reduced activity. hypoactive quality PATO:0000761 decreased behavioural activity A behavioral quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting reduced activity. PATOC:GVG A behavioral quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being affected by loss of the ability to move a body part. palsy quality PATO:0000763 paralysed A behavioral quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being affected by loss of the ability to move a body part. PATOC:GVG A coordination quality of inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having skillful and effective interaction of movement. quality PATO:0000769 coordinated A coordination quality of inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having skillful and effective interaction of movement. PATOC:GVG A coordination quality of inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking skillful and effective interaction of movement. quality PATO:0000770 uncoordinated A coordination quality of inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking skillful and effective interaction of movement. PATOC:GVG A rate which is relatively low. slow rate quality PATO:0000911 decreased rate A rate which is relatively low. PATO:GVG A rate which is relatively high. fast rate high rate quality PATO:0000912 increased rate A rate which is relatively high. PATO:GVG A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the dimension through an object as opposed to its length or width. quality PATO:0000915 thickness A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the dimension through an object as opposed to its length or width. WordNet:WordNet A 3-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of 3-dimensional space it occupies. quality PATO:0000918 volume A 3-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of 3-dimensional space it occupies. PATOC:GVG A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking organisation. quality PATO:0000937 disorganized A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking organisation. PATOC:GVG A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting organisation. quality PATO:0000938 organized A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting organisation. PATOC:GVG A spheroid quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being oval with two axes of symmetry, as produced by a conical section. ellipse-shaped ellipsoid elliptical quality oval ovoid PATO:0000947 elliptic A spheroid quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being oval with two axes of symmetry, as produced by a conical section. PATOC:GVG A fertility quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being capable of initiating, sustaining, or supporting reproduction. quality PATO:0000955 fertile A fertility quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being capable of initiating, sustaining, or supporting reproduction. PATOC:GVG A fertility quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being incapable of initiating, sustaining, or supporting reproduction. WBPhenotype:0000311 quality PATO:0000956 sterile A fertility quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being incapable of initiating, sustaining, or supporting reproduction. PATOC:GVG An optical quality which obtains by virtue of the ability of the bearer to absorb visible light. quality PATO:0000957 opacity An optical quality which obtains by virtue of the ability of the bearer to absorb visible light. PATOC:GVG A optical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's not being clear; not transmitting or reflecting light or radiant energy. non-transparent quality clouding cloudy PATO:0000963 opaque A optical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's not being clear; not transmitting or reflecting light or radiant energy. PATOC:GVG A optical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking opacity. clear hyaline quality PATO:0000964 transparent A optical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking opacity. PATOC:GVG A pattern quality of inhering in a bearer by virtue of the correspondence in size, shape, and relative position of the bearer's parts on opposite sides of a dividing line or median plane or about a center or axis. quality PATO:0000965 symmetry A pattern quality of inhering in a bearer by virtue of the correspondence in size, shape, and relative position of the bearer's parts on opposite sides of a dividing line or median plane or about a center or axis. PATOC:GVG A time quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the time it elapses for the bearer to respond to a stimulus. quality PATO:0001005 This class is a candidate for obsoletion. The definition is not clear, and the placement under "delayed" is not consistent with the definition. latency A time quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the time it elapses for the bearer to respond to a stimulus. PATOC:GVG physical quality A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities. PATO:0002079 Wikipedia:Physical_property relational physical quality quality PATO:0001018 physical quality A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities. PATOC:GVG A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of ratio of the bearer's output to the bearer's input. quality PATO:0001029 efficiency A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of ratio of the bearer's output to the bearer's input. WordNet:WordNet A quality inhering in an entity by virtue of the bearer's propensity to resist an external stimulus. susceptibility quality PATO:0001043 susceptibility toward A quality inhering in an entity by virtue of the bearer's propensity to resist an external stimulus. PATOC:GVG A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to resist to a stimulus. resistance quality PATO:0001046 resistance to A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to resist to a stimulus. PATOC:GVG A concentration quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting concentration. quality PATO:0001159 concentrated A concentration quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting concentration. PATOC:GVG A concentration which is higher relative to the normal or average. high concentration quality PATO:0001162 increased concentration A concentration which is higher relative to the normal or average. PATOC:GVG A concentration which is lower relative to the normal or average. low concentration quality PATO:0001163 decreased concentration A concentration which is lower relative to the normal or average. PATOC:GVG A resistance quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's resistance to a stimulus. resistant quality PATO:0001178 resistant to A resistance quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's resistance to a stimulus. PATOC:GVG A response quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's excessive reaction to a stimulus or an agent. hyperresponsive increased responsivity quality PATO:0001192 hyperresponsive to A response quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's excessive reaction to a stimulus or an agent. PATOC:GVG A response quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's limited reaction to a stimulus or an agent. decreased responsivity hyporesponsive quality PATO:0001194 hyporesponsive to A response quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's limited reaction to a stimulus or an agent. PATOC:GVG A variability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether the bearer exhibits variation or change. variable quality PATO:0001227 variant A variability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether the bearer exhibits variation or change. Dictionary:http://dictionary.reference.com/ A color saturation which is of high purity. bright quality vivid PATO:0001229 high saturation A color saturation which is of high purity. PATOC:MAH A quality which inheres in an process. PATO:0001239 PATO:0001240 quality of a process quality of occurrent quality of process relational quality of occurrent quality PATO:0001236 See comments of relational quality of a physical entity. process quality A quality which inheres in an process. PATOC:GVG physical object quality A quality which inheres in a continuant. PATO:0001237 PATO:0001238 snap:Quality monadic quality of a continuant multiply inhering quality of a physical entity quality of a continuant quality of a single physical entity quality of an object quality of continuant monadic quality of an object monadic quality of continuant quality PATO:0001241 Relational qualities are qualities that hold between multiple entities. Normal (monadic) qualities such as the shape of a eyeball exist purely as a quality of that eyeball. A relational quality such as sensitivity to light is a quality of that eyeball (and connecting nervous system) as it relates to incoming light waves/particles. physical object quality A quality which inheres in a continuant. PATOC:GVG A physical quality which is equal to the distance between repeating units of a wave pattern. quality PATO:0001242 wavelength A physical quality which is equal to the distance between repeating units of a wave pattern. PATOC:GVG A fluorescence quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of emitting light during exposure to radiation from an external source. quality PATO:0001290 fluorescent A fluorescence quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of emitting light during exposure to radiation from an external source. web:www.thefreedictionary.com/ A physical quality that inheres in an bearer by virtue of how that bearer interacts with electromagnetic radiation. quality PATO:0001291 electromagnetic (EM) radiation quality A physical quality that inheres in an bearer by virtue of how that bearer interacts with electromagnetic radiation. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation A scalar optical quality which obtains by the magnitude of the light emitted by the bearer. quality PATO:0001296 luminous flux A scalar optical quality which obtains by the magnitude of the light emitted by the bearer. PATOC:GVG An EM radiation quality in which the EM radiation is within the fiat range of the spectrum visible deemed to be light. quality PATO:0001300 optical quality An EM radiation quality in which the EM radiation is within the fiat range of the spectrum visible deemed to be light. PATOC:GVG An optical quality that is the mixture, purity or pattern of wavelengths of light perceived by the observer. quality PATO:0001301 chromatic property An optical quality that is the mixture, purity or pattern of wavelengths of light perceived by the observer. PATOC:MAH A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to varying or changing. quality variability of a physical quality PATO:0001303 variability A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to varying or changing. Dictionary:http://dictionary.reference.com/ A process quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's magnitude of the temporal extent between the starting and ending point. PATO:0000081 period quality time PATO:0001309 duration A process quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's magnitude of the temporal extent between the starting and ending point. PATOC:mellybelly A biological sex quality inhering in an organism or a population with both male and female sexual organs in one individual. intersex quality PATO:0001340 hermaphrodite A biological sex quality inhering in an organism or a population with both male and female sexual organs in one individual. MGED:MGED A shape quality that obtains by virtue of the bearer having inward facing edges; having a surface or boundary that curves or bulges outward, as the exterior of a sphere. quality PATO:0001355 convex A shape quality that obtains by virtue of the bearer having inward facing edges; having a surface or boundary that curves or bulges outward, as the exterior of a sphere. PATOC:GVG A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being easily damaged or destroyed. quality PATO:0001362 fragile A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being easily damaged or destroyed. WordNet:WordNet A cellular quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's number of homologous sets of chromosomes in the nucleus or primary chromosome-containing compartment of the cell, each set essentially coding for all the biological traits of the organism. quality PATO:0001374 ploidy A cellular quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's number of homologous sets of chromosomes in the nucleus or primary chromosome-containing compartment of the cell, each set essentially coding for all the biological traits of the organism. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ploidy A ploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing a single set of homologous chromosomes. quality PATO:0001375 haploid A ploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing a single set of homologous chromosomes. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploid A ploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing an integral multiple of the monoploid number, possibly excluding the sex-determining chromosomes. quality PATO:0001393 euploid A ploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing an integral multiple of the monoploid number, possibly excluding the sex-determining chromosomes. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euploid A monadic quality of continuant that exists at the cellular level of organisation. quality PATO:0001396 cellular quality A monadic quality of continuant that exists at the cellular level of organisation. PATOC:GVG A cellular quality that arises by virtue of whether the bearer's disposition to differentiate into one or more mature cell types. quality PATO:0001397 cellular potency A cellular quality that arises by virtue of whether the bearer's disposition to differentiate into one or more mature cell types. PATOC:GVG A cellular potency that is the capacity to form multiple differentiated cell types. quality PATO:0001402 multipotent A cellular potency that is the capacity to form multiple differentiated cell types. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multipotent A cellular quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of bearer's number of nuclei. quality PATO:0001404 nucleate quality A cellular quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of bearer's number of nuclei. PATOC:GVG A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having no nucleus. quality PATO:0001405 anucleate A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having no nucleus. Biology-online:Biology-online A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having two nuclei. quality PATO:0001406 binucleate A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having two nuclei. Biology-online:Biology-online A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having one nucleus. quality PATO:0001407 mononucleate A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having one nucleus. Biology-online:Biology-online A cellular quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having thin, tail-like projections extending outwards from the cell body. quality PATO:0001408 ciliatedness A cellular quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having thin, tail-like projections extending outwards from the cell body. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliated A viability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the cessation of the bearer's life. quality PATO:0001422 dead A viability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the cessation of the bearer's life. PATOC:GVG A quality of a single process which describes the growth of an organism, structure, or group of organisms. PATO:0001489 quality growth quality of a process growth timing quality PATO:0001433 growth quality of occurrent A quality of a single process which describes the growth of an organism, structure, or group of organisms. PATOC:MAH An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to produce new life or offspring. quality PATO:0001434 reproductive quality An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to produce new life or offspring. WordNet:WordNet A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having connection or association with another entity. quality PATO:0001435 attachment quality A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having connection or association with another entity. PATOC:GVG A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether the bearer includes all its components. quality PATO:0001442 wholeness A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether the bearer includes all its components. thefreedictionary.com:thefreedictionary.com A broken quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being broken open. PATO:0001443 PATO:0001820 burst fractured fragmented ruptured quality cracked hemorrhaged split torn PATO:0001444 broken A broken quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being broken open. PATOC:GVG An attachment quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking connection or association with another entity. detached quality PATO:0001453 detached from An attachment quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking connection or association with another entity. PATOC:GVG A quality of a process inhering in bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to respond to stimulation. sensitivity of occurrent quality PATO:0001457 sensitivity of a process A quality of a process inhering in bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to respond to stimulation. PATOC:GVG A depth which is relatively low. PATO:0001692 low depth shallow quality PATO:0001472 decreased depth A depth which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG A position which is relatively high. quality high position PATO:0001475 increased position A position which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A positional which is relatively low. quality low position PATO:0001476 decreased position A positional which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being drawn in or pulled back from any given point. moved quality retruded PATO:0001477 retracted A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being drawn in or pulled back from any given point. Dictionary.com:Dictionary.com A growth quality of a process inhering in an organism, structure, or group of organisms by virtue of the bearer's reduced or increased growth. quality PATO:0001490 heterochronic growth A growth quality of a process inhering in an organism, structure, or group of organisms by virtue of the bearer's reduced or increased growth. PATOC:MAH quality PATO:0001492 This term will be obsoleted; Use GO:growth and PATO:rate. growth rate A concave quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's shape being a V-shaped cut. quality indented PATO:0001495 notched A concave quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's shape being a V-shaped cut. thefreedictionary.com:thefreedictionary.com A reproductive quality inhering in the young of an animal by virtue of the bearer's being cared for at one time. quality PATO:0001496 brood quality A reproductive quality inhering in the young of an animal by virtue of the bearer's being cared for at one time. WordNet:WordNet A quality of a single physical entity that arises by virtue of whether the bearer exhibits the ability to perform a regular function(s). quality PATO:0001509 functionality A quality of a single physical entity that arises by virtue of whether the bearer exhibits the ability to perform a regular function(s). PATOC:MAH A functionality quality held by the bearer when the latter is able to perform a regular function(s). quality PATO:0001510 functional A functionality quality held by the bearer when the latter is able to perform a regular function(s). PATOC:MAH A disfunctional quality held by the bearer when the latter is unable to perform a regular function(s). PATO:0001640 disfunctional functional failure quality defective failure PATO:0001511 non-functional A disfunctional quality held by the bearer when the latter is unable to perform a regular function(s). PATC:MAH A sensitivity toward an external stimulus which is higher than normal/average. high sensitivity toward increased sensitivity quality PATO:0001549 increased sensitivity toward A sensitivity toward an external stimulus which is higher than normal/average. PATO:GVG A sensitivity toward an external stimulus which is lower than normal/average. decreased sensitivity low sensitivity toward quality PATO:0001550 decreased sensitivity toward A sensitivity toward an external stimulus which is lower than normal/average. PATO:GVG A sensitivity of a process which is higher than normal or average. high sensitivity of occurrent increased sensitivity of occurrent quality PATO:0001551 increased sensitivity of a process A sensitivity of a process which is higher than normal or average. PATO:GVG A sensitivity of a process which is lower than normal or average. decreased sensitivity of occurrent low sensitivity of occurrent quality PATO:0001552 decreased sensitivity of a process A sensitivity of a process which is lower than normal or average. PATO:GVG The number of parts of a particular type that the bearer entity has. This is a relational quality, and thus holds between two entities: the bearer of the quality, and the type of parts. OBO_REL:has_part extra or missing physical or functional parts has or lacks parts of type mereological quality number of quality cardinality number PATO:0001555 has number of The number of parts of a particular type that the bearer entity has. This is a relational quality, and thus holds between two entities: the bearer of the quality, and the type of parts. PATOC:CJM A quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking a processual part as specified by the additional entity. quality PATO:0001558 lacking processual parts A quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking a processual part as specified by the additional entity. PATOC:GVG A functionality quality which is held by the bearer when the latter is able to perform additional or different function(s). having supernumerary functions quality PATO:0001559 having extra function A functionality quality which is held by the bearer when the latter is able to perform additional or different function(s). PATO:MAH A quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's processual parts. quality PATO:0001564 extra or missing processual parts A quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's processual parts. PATOC:GVG A quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having fewer processual parts. quality PATO:0001570 having decreased processual parts A quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having fewer processual parts. PATO:GVG A variability which is relatively low. low variability quality PATO:0001583 decreased variability A variability which is relatively low. PATO:GVG A variability which is relatively high. high variability quality PATO:0001584 increased variability A variability which is relatively high. PATO:GVG A 1-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's downward or backward or inward dimenision. quality PATO:0001595 depth A 1-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's downward or backward or inward dimenision. WordNet:WordNet A depth quality which is relatively high. PATO:0001666 deep quality PATO:0001596 increased depth A depth quality which is relatively high. PATO:GVG An oriented quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being turned outward in placement. quality PATO:0001597 everted An oriented quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being turned outward in placement. thefreedictionary:thefreedictionary A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's extending out above or beyond a surface or boundary. PATO:0001644 protruding relational protruding quality quality PATO:0001598 protruding A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's extending out above or beyond a surface or boundary. WordNet:WordNet An oriented quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being relocated around an axis. rotation quality PATO:0001599 rotated An oriented quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being relocated around an axis. answers.com:answers.com A life span which is relatively high. high life span quality PATO:0001603 increased life span A life span which is relatively high. PATO:GVG A life span which is relatively low. low life span quality PATO:0001604 decreased life span A life span which is relatively low. PATO:GVG A functionality quality held by the bearer when the latter exhibits decreased ability to perform a regular function(s). PATO:0001556 PATO:0001568 PATO:0001641 PATO:0001642 dysfunction dysfunctional having decreased function lacks function of type low functionality partial functionality quality impaired PATO:0001624 decreased functionality A functionality quality held by the bearer when the latter exhibits decreased ability to perform a regular function(s). PATO:MAH A functional quality held by the bearer when the latter exhibits increased ability to perform a regular function(s). high functionality quality PATO:0001625 increased functionality A functional quality held by the bearer when the latter exhibits increased ability to perform a regular function(s). PATO:MAH A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being located toward the front of an organism relative to another entity. preceding ventral_to quality PATO:0001632 anterior to A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being located toward the front of an organism relative to another entity. PATOC:nw A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being located toward the rear of an organism relative to another entity. posterior (human torso) superior (human head) quality PATO:0001633 posterior to A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being located toward the rear of an organism relative to another entity. PATOC:nw A resistance to a stimulus which is relatively high. high resistance to increased resistance quality PATO:0001650 increased resistance to A resistance to a stimulus which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A resistance to a stimulus which is relatively low. decreased resistance low resistance to quality PATO:0001651 decreased resistance to A resistance to a stimulus which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spatial positioning with respect to an additional entity. quality PATO:0001652 alignment A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spatial positioning with respect to an additional entity. PATOC:GVG A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being damaged or destroyed. quality PATO:0001662 fragility A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being damaged or destroyed. WordNet:WordNet An efficiency which is relatively low. low efficiency quality PATO:0001675 decreased efficiency An efficiency which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG An efficiency which is relatively high. high efficiency quality PATO:0001676 increased efficiency An efficiency which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG An efficiency quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking efficiency. quality PATO:0001677 inefficient An efficiency quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking efficiency. PATOC:GVG An efficiency quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having efficiency. quality PATO:0001678 efficient An efficiency quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having efficiency. PATOC:GVG A behavioral quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to lack activity. quality PATO:0001706 behavioural inactive A behavioral quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to lack activity. PATOC:GVG A behavioral quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting marked activity. quality PATO:0001707 behavioural active A behavioral quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting marked activity. PATOC:GVG 1-D extent A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in one dimension. 1-D size quality PATO:0001708 1-D extent A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in one dimension. PATOC:GVG A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in three dimensions. 3D size quality PATO:0001710 3-D extent A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in three dimensions. PATOC:GVG A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to withstand great strain without tearing or breaking. quality resilient strong tough PATO:0001716 non-fragile A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to withstand great strain without tearing or breaking. thefreedictionary.com:thefreedictionary.com A quality that inheres in an bearer by virtue of how that bearer interacts with radiation. quality PATO:0001739 radiation quality A quality that inheres in an bearer by virtue of how that bearer interacts with radiation. PATOC:GVG A heterochronic growth quality inhering in an organism, structure, or group of organisms by virtue of the bearer's reduced growth. hypoplastic growth pedomorphic growth quality PATO:0001749 paedomorphic growth A heterochronic growth quality inhering in an organism, structure, or group of organisms by virtue of the bearer's reduced growth. PATOC:mh A heterochronic growth quality inhering in an organism, structure, or group of organisms by virtue of the bearer's increased growth. hyperplastic growth quality PATO:0001752 peramorphic growth A heterochronic growth quality inhering in an organism, structure, or group of organisms by virtue of the bearer's increased growth. PATOC:mh A peramorphic growth quality which is due to an earlier onset. precocious growth quality PATO:0001754 predisplaced growth A peramorphic growth quality which is due to an earlier onset. PATOC:mh quality PATO:0001767 semi-fertile A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's location of features or characteristics along an axis. quality cellular polarity PATO:0001769 positional polarity A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's location of features or characteristics along an axis. PATOC:MAH cellular polarity PATOC:MAH A size quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being abnormally developed, usually due to malnutrition. dystrophied quality dystrophy PATO:0001780 dystrophic A size quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being abnormally developed, usually due to malnutrition. Wiikipedia:Wiikipedia A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being wound in a continuous series of loops. quality PATO:0001794 coiling A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being wound in a continuous series of loops. Online_Dictionary:Online_Dictionary A coiling which is relatively high. high coiling quality PATO:0001795 increased coiling A coiling which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A coiling which is relatively low. low coiling quality PATO:0001796 decreased coiling A coiling which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having multiple angles in its length. quality tightly curled twisted PATO:0001798 kinked A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having multiple angles in its length. thefreedictionary.com:thefreedictionary.com A grooved texture quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being marked by one or more creases in a normally smooth surface. quality PATO:0001810 wrinkled A grooved texture quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being marked by one or more creases in a normally smooth surface. url:http://www.thefreedictionary.com/wrinkled A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's increasing over time. quality PATO:0001818 progressive A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's increasing over time. PATOC:GVG A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's absence or closure of a normal body orifice or tubular passage. atresia quality PATO:0001819 atretic A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's absence or closure of a normal body orifice or tubular passage. answers.com:answers.com A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having no opening. unperforated quality PATO:0001821 imperforate A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having no opening. thefreedictionary.com:thefreedictionary.com A fertility which is relatively low. low fertility quality PATO:0001834 decreased fertility A fertility which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG A fertility which is relatively high. high fertility quality PATO:0001835 increased fertility A fertility which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A structural quality inhering in a bearer with some kind of aperture or opening that is blocked or clogged. quality PATO:0001836 congested A structural quality inhering in a bearer with some kind of aperture or opening that is blocked or clogged. answers.com:answers.com A structure quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting transient abnormal enlargement, not due to cell proliferation. swelling quality PATO:0001851 swollen A structure quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting transient abnormal enlargement, not due to cell proliferation. thefreedictionary.com:thefreedictionary.com A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being out of its usual or proper place, or position. PATO:0001479 PATO:0002158 PATO:0002159 dislocation luxated luxation relational dislocated quality quality PATO:0001852 dislocated A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being out of its usual or proper place, or position. thefreedictionary.com:thefreedictionary.com A shape quality in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's curving inward. quality PATO:0001857 concave A shape quality in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's curving inward. WordNet:WordNet A coordination which is relatively high. high coordination quality PATO:0001859 increased coordination A coordination which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A coordination which is relatively low. low coordination quality PATO:0001860 decreased coordination A coordination which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG A convex 3-D shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a consistently-sized round cross section. PATO:0001203 rod-like rod-shaped tubulate quality PATO:0001873 cylindrical A convex 3-D shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a consistently-sized round cross section. PATOC:MAH An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical expression of sexual characteristics. quality PATO:0001894 phenotypic sex A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's participation in movement. quality PATO:0001906 movement quality A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's participation in movement. PATOC:GVG A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having more than one nucleus. quality PATO:0001908 multinucleate A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having more than one nucleus. PATOC:GVG A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the state of bearer's mechanical, physical, and biochemical processes. quality PATO:0001912 physiological state A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the state of bearer's mechanical, physical, and biochemical processes. PATOC:mb A fluorescence which is higher than normal. high fluorescence quality PATO:0001926 increased fluorescence A fluorescence which is higher than normal. PATOC:GVG A fluorescence which is lower than normal. low fluorescence quality PATO:0001927 decreased fluorescence A fluorescence which is lower than normal. PATOC:GVG A texture quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of a local accumulation of fluid underneath the surface of the bearer. blistering quality PATO:0001928 blistered A texture quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of a local accumulation of fluid underneath the surface of the bearer. PATOC:GVG A variability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether the bearer exhibits shape variation or change. quality PATO:0001929 variability of shape A variability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether the bearer exhibits shape variation or change. PATOC:GVG A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue the bearer's having or exhibiting variation its shape. quality PATO:0001930 variant shape A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue the bearer's having or exhibiting variation its shape. PATOC:GVG A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking or not exhibiting variation of shape. quality PATO:0001931 invariant shape A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking or not exhibiting variation of shape. PATOC:GVG An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's consisting cells. quality PATO:0001992 cellularity An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's consisting cells. PATOC:GVG A cellularity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's consisting of more than one cell. quality PATO:0001993 multicellular A cellularity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's consisting of more than one cell. PATOC:GVG A quality that inheres in an entire organism or part of an organism. quality PATO:0001995 organismal quality A quality that inheres in an entire organism or part of an organism. PATOC:CJM An amount which is relatively low. PATO:0000419 PATO:0000468 decreased number present in fewer numbers in organism quality decreased reduced subnumerary PATO:0001997 decreased amount An amount which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG The bearer of this quality has_part < n of the indicated entity type, where n is the normal amount for a comparable organism. Note that the bearer of the quality is the whole, not the part. Formally: If a bearer entity e has fewer parts of type X at time t, then the number of instances x of X at t such that x part_of e is < n, where n is either the normal number for comparable entities, or n is stated explicitly. This case includes the limit case, where the bearer lacks all parts of the specified type. loss of quality PATO:0001999 lacks parts or has fewer parts of type The bearer of this quality has_part < n of the indicated entity type, where n is the normal amount for a comparable organism. Note that the bearer of the quality is the whole, not the part. Formally: If a bearer entity e has fewer parts of type X at time t, then the number of instances x of X at t such that x part_of e is < n, where n is either the normal number for comparable entities, or n is stated explicitly. This case includes the limit case, where the bearer lacks all parts of the specified type. PATOC:CJM A quality of physical entities inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking a physical part as specified by the additional entity. PATO:0001557 OBO_REL:lacks_part lacks all physical parts of type quality PATO:0002000 Example: [E=organism Q=lacks_all_parts_of_type E2=Wing] - applies to an organism. A relational quality in which the bearer entity has no parts of the specified type. The bearer of this quality has_part = 0 of the indicated entity type, where a comparable organism usually has at least 1 part of the same type. Note that the bearer of the quality is the whole, not the part. Formally: If a bearer entity e lacks all parts of type X at time t, then there exists no instances x of X at t such that x part_of e that has no wings, where wings are normally present in that organism type. In OWL this is equivalent to a restriction on the OBO_REL:has_part relation with cardinality=0, i.e has_part 0 E2. lacks all parts of type A quality of physical entities inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking a physical part as specified by the additional entity. PATOC:CJM The bearer of this quality has_part < n AND has_part > 0 of the indicated entity type, where n is the normal amount for a comparable organism. Note that the bearer of the quality is the whole, not the part. Formally: If a bearer entity e has fewer parts of type X at time t, then the number of instances x of X at t such that x part_of e is < n, where n is either the normal number for comparable entities, or n is stated explicitly. PATO:0001569 decreased number of has decreased number of has fewer physical parts of type quality PATO:0002001 Example: [E=hand Q=has_fewer_parts_of_type E2=digit] - applies to an organism that has no less fingers than is normal for organisms of that type. has fewer parts of type The bearer of this quality has_part < n AND has_part > 0 of the indicated entity type, where n is the normal amount for a comparable organism. Note that the bearer of the quality is the whole, not the part. Formally: If a bearer entity e has fewer parts of type X at time t, then the number of instances x of X at t such that x part_of e is < n, where n is either the normal number for comparable entities, or n is stated explicitly. PATOC:CJM The bearer of this quality has_part > n of the indicated entity type, where n is the normal amount for a comparable organism. Note that the bearer of the quality is the whole, not the part. PATO:0001560 has extra parts of has increased number of having extra physical parts having supernumerary physical parts increased number of quality PATO:0002002 In polydactyly, the bearer of the quality is the hand, and the entity type being counted is 'finger'. In EQ syntax, E=hand, Q=<this> E2=finger. has extra parts of type The bearer of this quality has_part > n of the indicated entity type, where n is the normal amount for a comparable organism. Note that the bearer of the quality is the whole, not the part. PATOC:CJM Surface shape that refers to the inward or outward curvature of the surface. quality PATO:0002005 concavity Surface shape that refers to the inward or outward curvature of the surface. PATOC:MAH A shape that inheres in a 2 dimensional entity, such as a cross section or projection of a 3 dimensional entity. quality 2-D projection cross-sectional PATO:0002006 2-D shape A shape that inheres in a 2 dimensional entity, such as a cross section or projection of a 3 dimensional entity. PATOC:CJM A complete three dimensional shape in which for every line connecting pair of points on the object is within the object. Or: a shape lacking cavities. Contrast: concave. Image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Convex_polygon_illustration1.png quality PATO:0002007 Use this term or an is_a child of this term when the entire shape of the object is known. convex 3-D shape A complete three dimensional shape in which for every line connecting pair of points on the object is within the object. Or: a shape lacking cavities. Contrast: concave. PATOC:CJM A complete three dimensional shape in which there is a line connecting pair of points on the object that lies outside the object. Or: a shape with cavities. Contrast: concave. Image:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Convex_polygon_illustration2.png quality PATO:0002008 concave 3-D shape A complete three dimensional shape in which there is a line connecting pair of points on the object that lies outside the object. Or: a shape with cavities. Contrast: concave. PATOC:CJM A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the degree to which there are subdivisions or offshoots in a bearer entity. quality PATO:0002009 branchiness A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the degree to which there are subdivisions or offshoots in a bearer entity. PATOC:MAH A structural quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing hollow areas. quality PATO:0002014 structure, cavities A structural quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing hollow areas. PATOC:GVG quality PATO:0002016 magnitude high magnitude quality PATO:0002017 increased magnitude low magnitude quality PATO:0002018 decreased magnitude A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's not increasing over time. george gkoutos 2008-12-18T12:49:19Z quality PATO:0002026 non-progressive A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's not increasing over time. PATOC:GVG A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer exhibiting deterioration of its structure. george 2009-02-03T11:13:19Z quality PATO:0002037 degeneration A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer exhibiting deterioration of its structure. PATOC:GVG A structural quality inhering in a bearer whose structure which does not deteriorate. george 2009-02-03T11:14:54Z not degenerate quality PATO:0002038 non-degenerate A structural quality inhering in a bearer whose structure which does not deteriorate. PATOC:GVG An occurrence which is relatively high. George Gkoutos 2009-03-26T11:10:11Z increased incidence quality PATO:0002051 increased occurrence An occurrence which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG An occurrence which is relatively low. George Gkoutos 2009-03-26T11:12:35Z decreased incidence quality PATO:0002052 decreased occurrence An occurrence which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG A fragility which is relatively high. George Gkoutos 2009-03-26T04:01:37Z quality PATO:0002055 increased fragility A fragility which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A fragility which is relatively low. George Gkoutos 2009-03-26T04:02:14Z quality PATO:0002056 decreased fragility A fragility which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG george 2009-06-05T09:16:46Z quality PATO:0002062 physical quality of a process A behavioral quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's movement. George Gkoutos 2009-09-18T02:04:48Z movement behavioural quality quality PATO:0002076 movement behavioral quality A behavioral quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's movement. PATOC:GVG Having extra or fewer parts. George Gkoutos 2009-09-21T10:41:58Z quality PATO:0002083 altered number of Having extra or fewer parts. PATOC:GVG A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a hole or holes, especially a row or array of small holes. george 2009-10-05T03:37:05Z PATO:0000649 quality permeable pierced PATO:0002112 perforate A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a hole or holes, especially a row or array of small holes. answers.com:answers.com A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's processing the form of a thin plate sheet or layer. george 2009-10-06T04:37:14Z quality PATO:0002124 laminar A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's processing the form of a thin plate sheet or layer. PATOC:GVG A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue the bearer's being changed in position. George Gkoutos 2010-03-01T02:56:33Z quality PATO:0002181 displaced A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue the bearer's being changed in position. PATOC:GVG A quality which inheres in a molecular entity, a single molecule, atom, ion, radical etc. George Gkoutos 2010-03-10T03:18:15Z PATO:0002061 relational molecular quality quality PATO:0002182 molecular quality A quality which inheres in a molecular entity, a single molecule, atom, ion, radical etc. PATOC:GVG A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having or lacking of substances produced by living organisms that have a color resulting from selective color absorption. george 2010-08-09T04:14:00Z quality PATO:0002247 degree of pigmentation A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having or lacking of substances produced by living organisms that have a color resulting from selective color absorption. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_pigment Texture quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being marked with one or more channels. george 2010-09-01T10:27:48Z quality channeled creased PATO:0002255 grooved Texture quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being marked with one or more channels. PATOC:JE A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being arranged in a systematic fashion. george 2010-09-16T10:22:52Z quality PATO:0002264 organization quality A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being arranged in a systematic fashion. PATOC:GVG A behavioral quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to exhibit marked activity. george 2010-09-21T06:56:58Z quality PATO:0002265 behavioural activity A behavioral quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to exhibit marked activity. PATOC:GVG A shape that inheres in a 3 dimensional entity. george 2010-10-05T12:31:16Z quality PATO:0002266 3-D shape A shape that inheres in a 3 dimensional entity. PATOC:OREGON A mobility which is relative high. george 2011-03-09T09:16:03Z quality PATO:0002282 increased mobility A mobility which is relative high. PATO:GVG A mobility which is relative low. george 2011-03-09T09:16:47Z quality PATO:0002283 decreased mobility A mobility which is relative low. PATOC:GVG A quality that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. George Gkoutos 2011-06-16T06:39:43Z quality PATO:0002300 increased quality A quality that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. PATOC:GVG A quality that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. George Gkoutos 2011-06-16T06:40:15Z quality PATO:0002301 decreased quality A quality that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. PATOC:GVG A quality of a process that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. George Gkoutos 2011-06-16T06:50:59Z quality PATO:0002302 decreased process quality A quality of a process that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. PATOC:GVG A quality of an object that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. George Gkoutos 2011-06-16T06:51:54Z quality PATO:0002303 decreased object quality A quality of an object that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. PATOC:GVG A quality of a process that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. George Gkoutos 2011-06-16T06:53:08Z quality PATO:0002304 increased process quality A quality of a process that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. PATOC:GVG A quality of an object that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. George Gkoutos 2011-06-16T06:54:01Z quality PATO:0002305 increased object quality A quality of an object that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. PATOC:GVG A shape constituting a transition between a rectangle and a circle; a closed curve, of which the circle and ellipse are special cases, whose parametric equation is x = a.cos2/rt, y = b.cos2/rt George Gkoutos 2011-10-12T12:45:16Z Lamé curve quality PATO:0002318 superelliptic A shape constituting a transition between a rectangle and a circle; a closed curve, of which the circle and ellipse are special cases, whose parametric equation is x = a.cos2/rt, y = b.cos2/rt wiktionary:superellipse A temporal distribution pattern of process occurrences within a regulation/reference process. George Gkoutos 2011-11-22T01:12:28Z quality PATO:0002323 temporal distribution quality A temporal distribution pattern of process occurrences within a regulation/reference process. PATOC:LC The temporal relation between the end of the process with respect to a reference process. George Gkoutos 2011-11-23T11:46:00Z quality completeness extent PATO:0002324 offset quality The temporal relation between the end of the process with respect to a reference process. PATOC:LC completeness GOC:CJM extent GOC:CJM The temporal relation between the start of the process with respect to a reference process. George Gkoutos 2011-11-23T11:47:34Z quality initiation PATO:0002325 onset quality The temporal relation between the start of the process with respect to a reference process. PATOC:LC A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having one or more nucleus. gkoutos 2013-10-21T05:44:34Z quality PATO:0002505 nucleated A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having one or more nucleus. PATOC:GVG Absence due to a degenerative process. cjm quality PATO:0015001 absence due to degeneration Absence due to a degenerative process. PATOC:PortlandMeetingFeb2015 The number of repeated events per unit time, occurring in a repeating series. (e.g. the number of heart beats occurring over 1 minute) quality PATO:0050000 rate of occurence The number of repeated events per unit time, occurring in a repeating series. (e.g. the number of heart beats occurring over 1 minute) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9943-9018 The rate of output of a continuous process. Example include: growth rate, cell migration rate, enzyme reaction rate. quality PATO:0050001 rate of continuous process The rate of output of a continuous process. Example include: growth rate, cell migration rate, enzyme reaction rate. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9943-9018 A material entity consisting of multiple components that are causally integrated. May be replaced by a BFO class, as discussed in http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43 Chris Mungall http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43 system An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that exists in time by occurring or happening, has temporal parts and always involves and depends on some entity. uberon UBERON:0000000 processual entity An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that exists in time by occurring or happening, has temporal parts and always involves and depends on some entity. span:ProcessualEntity A layer of dense irregular connective tissue that lines organs and supports the mucosa, as well as joins the mucosa to the bulk of underlying smooth muscle. [WP,unvetted]. submucosal BTO:0002107 FMA:85391 FMA:85392 NCIT:C13167 UMLS:C0225344 organ submucosa region of submucosa submucosa of organ submucosa of region of organ uberon submucous layer tela submucosa tunica submucosa UBERON:0000009 submucosa A layer of dense irregular connective tissue that lines organs and supports the mucosa, as well as joins the mucosa to the bulk of underlying smooth muscle. [WP,unvetted]. UMLS:C0225344 ncithesaurus:Submucosa organ submucosa FMA:85391 region of submucosa FMA:85392 submucosa of organ FMA:85391 submucosa of region of organ FMA:85392 submucous layer BTO:0002107 tela submucosa BTO:0002107 A major division of the nervous system that contains nerves which connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands. Nervous structures including ganglia outside of the central nervous system. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] Part of nervous system in which nerves extend throughout the body outside of the brain and spinal cord.[AAO] The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is the part of the nervous system connected to the CNS which contains cranial nerves III - XII, spinal, peripheral and autonomic nerves. (CUMBO) (...) specific vertebrate traits within the chordate phylum such as skeletal tissues, PNS, and spectacular head and brain development, are linked to the NC (neural crest) and its derivatives.[well established][VHOG] PNS AAO:0000429 BAMS:PNS BILA:0000081 BIRNLEX:1111 BTO:0001028 CALOHA:TS-0808 EFO:0000891 EHDAA2:0001445 EHDAA:2893 EMAPA:16665 EV:0100335 FBbt:00005098 FMA:9903 GAID:715 MA:0000218 MAT:0000338 MESH:D017933 MIAA:0000338 NCIT:C12465 TAO:0000142 UMLS:C0206417 UMLS:C1305921 VHOG:0000399 XAO:0000178 ZFA:0000142 pars peripherica systema nervosum periphericum uberon UBERON:0000010 peripheral nervous system cjm A major division of the nervous system that contains nerves which connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands. GO:0007422 Nervous structures including ganglia outside of the central nervous system. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000142 TAO ZFIN:curator Part of nervous system in which nerves extend throughout the body outside of the brain and spinal cord.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000429 AAO AAO:BJB The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is the part of the nervous system connected to the CNS which contains cranial nerves III - XII, spinal, peripheral and autonomic nerves. (CUMBO) (...) specific vertebrate traits within the chordate phylum such as skeletal tissues, PNS, and spectacular head and brain development, are linked to the NC (neural crest) and its derivatives.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000399 VHOG DOI:10.1007/978-0-387-46954-6_6 Dupin E, Creuzet S, Le Douarin NM, The contribution of the neural crest to the vertebrate body. Advances in experimental medicine and biology (2006) PNS UMLS:C0206417 BIRNLEX:1111 UMLS:C0206417 ncithesaurus:Peripheral_Nervous_System UMLS:C1305921 BIRNLEX:1111 pars peripherica FMA:9903 FMA:TA systema nervosum periphericum FMA:9903 FMA:TA Any portion of the organ that covers that body and consists of a layer of epidermis and a layer of dermis. Note the distinction between the entire skin of the body, of which there is only 1 in an organism, and zones of skin, of which there can be many. Examples: skin of knee (...) it is well-established that neural crest cells contribute to both the dermal skeleton (craniofacial bone, teeth, and the caudal fin rays of teleosts) and the integument, including craniofacial dermis and all pigment cells outside the retina (...).[well established][VHOG] we assume that mouse, HOG and GAID all mean zone of skin when they say skin. We also choose skin as an exact synonym, as it is more intuitive EHDAA2:0001844 EHDAA:6530 EMAPA:17525 EV:0100152 FMA:86166 GAID:933 MA:0000151 MAT:0000284 MESH:D012867 MIAA:0000284 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjX3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA VHOG:0000860 portion of skin region of skin skin skin region skin zone uberon UBERON:0000014 zone of skin FMA Any portion of the organ that covers that body and consists of a layer of epidermis and a layer of dermis. (...) it is well-established that neural crest cells contribute to both the dermal skeleton (craniofacial bone, teeth, and the caudal fin rays of teleosts) and the integument, including craniofacial dermis and all pigment cells outside the retina (...).[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000860 VHOG DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.01043.x Vickaryous MK, Sire JY, The integumentary skeleton of tetrapods: origin, evolution, and development. J Anat (2009) skin MA:0000151 A non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions. Anatomical boundaries are contiguous structures. AEO:0000192 CARO:0000010 FMA:50705 anatomical boundary uberon UBERON:0000015 Except in the case of abstracted fiat boundaries such as the midline plane of an organism, all 2D anatomical entities have a 3 dimensional projection. For example, the surface of the shell of a muscle has a distinct shape that projects into the third dimension. Note that boundaries are 2D structures. They have no thickness - and so can not be sites of gene expression or gene product localisation. For this, use boundary region terms. non-material anatomical boundary CARO A non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions. Anatomical boundaries are contiguous structures. CARO:0000010 anatomical boundary CARO:0000010 An organ of sight that includes the camera-type eyeball and supporting structures such as the lacrimal apparatus, the conjunctiva, the eyelid. A cavitated compound organ that transduces light waves into neural signals.[TAO] The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] FMA distinguishes Eye (subdivision of face) which has its parts an Eyeball (organ), as well as other structures, and the orbit of skull. MA includes eyelid, conjunctiva and lacrimal apparatus as part of MA:eye - consistent with FMA - so we can infer that MA:eye is more like FMA:eye than FMA:eyeball. For other AOs this distinction is less meaningful - e.g. ZFA has no eyelid; XAO has no eyelid, but it has conjuctiva, which is considered part of the xao:eye. GO considers eyelid development part of eye development. See also notes on optic nerve - XAO, AAO and BTO consider this part of the eye. MA considers the eye muscles part of the eye, whereas FMA has a class 'orbital content' for this eye AAO:0010340 BIRNLEX:1169 BTO:0004688 EHDAA2:0000484 EHDAA:936 EMAPA:16198 FMA:54448 MA:0000261 NCIT:C12401 OpenCyc:Mx8Ngx4rwKSh9pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVil5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvViTvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000107 UMLS:C0015392 UMLS:C1280202 VHOG:0000275 XAO:0000179 ZFA:0000107 regio orbitalis vertebrate eye uberon camera-type eye plus associated structures eyes orbital part of face orbital region UBERON:0000019 camera-type eye definitional An organ of sight that includes the camera-type eyeball and supporting structures such as the lacrimal apparatus, the conjunctiva, the eyelid. GO:0043010 A cavitated compound organ that transduces light waves into neural signals.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000107 TAO TAO:wd The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000275 VHOG DOI:10.1038/nrn2283 Lamb TD, Collin SP and Pugh EN Jr, Evolution of the vertebrate eye: opsins, photoreceptors, retina and eye cup. Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2007) FMA distinguishes Eye (subdivision of face) which has its parts an Eyeball (organ), as well as other structures, and the orbit of skull. MA includes eyelid, conjunctiva and lacrimal apparatus as part of MA:eye - consistent with FMA - so we can infer that MA:eye is more like FMA:eye than FMA:eyeball. For other AOs this distinction is less meaningful - e.g. ZFA has no eyelid; XAO has no eyelid, but it has conjuctiva, which is considered part of the xao:eye. GO considers eyelid development part of eye development. See also notes on optic nerve - XAO, AAO and BTO consider this part of the eye. MA considers the eye muscles part of the eye, whereas FMA has a class 'orbital content' for this FMA eye FMA:54448 UMLS:C0015392 BIRNLEX:1169 UMLS:C0015392 ncithesaurus:Eye UMLS:C1280202 BIRNLEX:1169 regio orbitalis FMA:54448 FMA:TA eyes TAO:0000107 orbital part of face FMA:54448 orbital region FMA:54448 An organ that is capable of transducing sensory stimulus to the nervous system. AEO:0000094 BSA:0000121 BTO:0000202 CALOHA:TS-2043 EHDAA2:0001824 EHDAA:500 EMAPA:35955 FBbt:00005155 GAID:63 HAO:0000930 MA:0000017 MESH:D012679 NCIT:C33224 UMLS:C0935626 VHOG:0001407 WBbt:0006929 organ of sense organ system organ of sensory organ system organ of sensory system sense organ system organ sensory organ sensory organ system organ sensory system organ sensillum uberon Sinnesorgan sensor UBERON:0000020 sense organ An organ that is capable of transducing sensory stimulus to the nervous system. UMLS:C0935626 ncithesaurus:Organ_of_the_Special_Sense organ of sense organ system OBOL:accepted organ of sensory organ system OBOL:accepted organ of sensory system OBOL:accepted sense organ system organ OBOL:automatic sensory organ system organ OBOL:automatic sensory system organ OBOL:accepted sensillum WBbt:0006929 Sinnesorgan BTO:0000202 Any hollow cylindrical anatomical structure containing a lumen through which substances are transported. not every anatomical conduit is a tube - for example, a bone foramen is an opening in the bone, and there is no distinct separate tube structure. Tubes may transport large mixed objects (for example, a bolus of food in the digestive tube) or they may transport the secretions of a single gland (for example, gland ducts) tubular galen:Tube anatomical tube duct uberon UBERON:0000025 tube Any hollow cylindrical anatomical structure containing a lumen through which substances are transported. The head is the anterior-most division of the body [GO]. Organism subdivision that is the part of the body consisting of the cranial and pharyngeal regions.[AAO] Organism subdivision which is the part of the body which consists of the cranial and pharygeal regions.[TAO] Vertebrate evolution has been characterized by a fresh and vast array of cranial structures that collectively form the head.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0010335 AEO:0000106 BILA:0000115 BIRNLEX:1230 BTO:0000282 CALOHA:TS-0436 EFO:0000964 EHDAA2:0003106 EMAPA:31858 FBbt:00000004 FMA:7154 GAID:61 HAO:0000397 MA:0000023 MAT:0000294 MESH:D006257 MIAA:0000294 NCIT:C12419 OpenCyc:Mx4rEOLm4rgPEdmAAAACs6hRjg OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi6YJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SPD:0000016 TAO:0001114 TGMA:0000002 UMLS:C0018670 VHOG:0001644 WBbt:0005739 XAO:0003024 ZFA:0001114 galen:Head head (volume) adult head uberon cephalic area UBERON:0000033 head The head is the anterior-most division of the body [GO]. GO:0060322 Organism subdivision that is the part of the body consisting of the cranial and pharyngeal regions.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010335 AAO AAO:BJB Organism subdivision which is the part of the body which consists of the cranial and pharygeal regions.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001114 TAO ZFIN:curator Vertebrate evolution has been characterized by a fresh and vast array of cranial structures that collectively form the head.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001644 VHOG ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.82 UMLS:C0018670 BIRNLEX:1230 UMLS:C0018670 ncithesaurus:Head head (volume) FMA:7154 cephalic area SPD:0000016 multi-tissue structure that is comprised of a secretory epithelial layer (mesothelium) and a connective tissue layer. A multi-tissue structure that is comprised of a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer.[TAO] a smooth membrane consisting of a thin layer of cells which excrete serous fluid. Serous membranes line and enclose several body cavities, known as serous cavities, where they secrete a lubricating fluid which reduces friction from muscle movement. Serosa is not to be confused with adventitia, a connective tissue layer which binds together structures rather than reducing friction between them. Each serous membrane is composed of a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer underneath. The epithelial layer, known as mesothelium, consists of a single layer of avascular flat nucleated cells (cuboidal epithelium) which produce the lubricating serous fluid. This fluid has a consistency similar to thin mucus. These cells are bound tightly to the underlying connective tissue. The connective tissue layer provides the blood vessels and nerves for the overlying secretory cells, and also serves as the binding layer which allows the whole serous membrane to adhere to organs and other structures.[WP] in FMA, SM = mesothelium + connective tissue. It excludes the cavity. Serous sac = SM + cavity. Note that the SM is a subtype of wall in FMA. FMA:9581 GAID:19 MESH:D012704 NCIT:C13169 TAO:0005425 UMLS:C0036760 ZFA:0005425 tunica serosa wall of serous sac uberon serosa UBERON:0000042 serous membrane multi-tissue structure that is comprised of a secretory epithelial layer (mesothelium) and a connective tissue layer. A multi-tissue structure that is comprised of a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0005425 TAO a smooth membrane consisting of a thin layer of cells which excrete serous fluid. Serous membranes line and enclose several body cavities, known as serous cavities, where they secrete a lubricating fluid which reduces friction from muscle movement. Serosa is not to be confused with adventitia, a connective tissue layer which binds together structures rather than reducing friction between them. Each serous membrane is composed of a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer underneath. The epithelial layer, known as mesothelium, consists of a single layer of avascular flat nucleated cells (cuboidal epithelium) which produce the lubricating serous fluid. This fluid has a consistency similar to thin mucus. These cells are bound tightly to the underlying connective tissue. The connective tissue layer provides the blood vessels and nerves for the overlying secretory cells, and also serves as the binding layer which allows the whole serous membrane to adhere to organs and other structures.[WP] in FMA, SM = mesothelium + connective tissue. It excludes the cavity. Serous sac = SM + cavity. Note that the SM is a subtype of wall in FMA. FMA UMLS:C0036760 ncithesaurus:Serosa tunica serosa FMA:9581 wall of serous sac FMA:9581 serosa An eye with one concave chamber. Note that 'simple' does not imply a reduced level of complexity or acuity. TGMA:0000729 uberon UBERON:0000047 simple eye An eye with one concave chamber. Note that 'simple' does not imply a reduced level of complexity or acuity. A tubular structure that contains, conveys body fluid, such as blood or lymph. uberon UBERON:0000055 vessel A tubular structure that contains, conveys body fluid, such as blood or lymph. A tubular structure that transports secreted or excreted substances. A tube shaped portion of tissue lined with epithelial cells that collects secretions and routes them to their destination[ZFA:0005171]. Most ducts, but not all, are exocrine gland ducts. Some ontologies classify structures such as the oviduct here. AAO:0011123 FBbt:00100314 FMA:30320 NCIT:C12948 TAO:0005171 UMLS:C0687028 XAO:0004000 ZFA:0005171 galen:Duct anatomical duct exocrine duct exocrine gland duct uberon ducts UBERON:0000058 duct A tubular structure that transports secreted or excreted substances. A tube shaped portion of tissue lined with epithelial cells that collects secretions and routes them to their destination[ZFA:0005171]. ZFA:0005171 UMLS:C0687028 ncithesaurus:Duct ducts XAO:0004000 Organ component adjacent to an organ cavity and which consists of a maximal aggregate of organ component layers. in FMA, serosa is a wall UBERON:0009915 wall EMAPA:25036 FMA:82482 galen:Wall wall of organ uberon organ wall UBERON:0000060 anatomical wall Organ component adjacent to an organ cavity and which consists of a maximal aggregate of organ component layers. FMA:82482 in FMA, serosa is a wall FMA wall of organ FMA:82482 organ wall FMA:82482 Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. AAO:0010825 AEO:0000003 BILA:0000003 CARO:0000003 EHDAA2:0003003 EMAPA:0 FBbt:00007001 FMA:305751 FMA:67135 GAID:781 HAO:0000003 MA:0003000 MESH:D000825 TAO:0000037 TGMA:0001823 VHOG:0001759 XAO:0003000 ZFA:0000037 biological structure connected biological structure uberon UBERON:0000061 anatomical structure Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. CARO:0000003 connected biological structure CARO:0000003 Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP]. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. CARO v1 does not include a generic 'organ' class, only simple and compound organ. CARO v2 may include organ, see https://github.com/obophenotype/caro/issues/4 BIRNLEX:4 CARO:0020004 EFO:0000634 EMAPA:35949 ENVO:01000162 FMA:67498 MA:0003001 NCIT:C13018 OpenCyc:Mx4rv5XMb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA OpenCyc:Mx4rwP3iWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0178784 WBbt:0003760 uberon anatomical unit body organ element UBERON:0000062 organ Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP]. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. GO:0048513 UMLS:C0178784 ncithesaurus:Organ element A part of an organ that constitutes a distinct modular sub-unit. In some cases, the organ may also contain other sub-units of identical or similar types, in other cases this may be a distinct entity. FMA distinguishes segment from zone by whether the fiat boundaries are fixed/anchored (segments) or floating (zone). It's not completely clear how to apply this distinction Organ region with one or more anchored fiat boundaries. Examples: artery, trunk of nerve, cervical part of esophagus, pelvic part of vagina, horn of thyroid cartilage, anterior segment of eyeball. Organ region with one or more fixed or anchored fiat boundaries. Examples: artery, trunk of nerve, cervical part of esophagus, pelvic part of vagina, horn of thyroid cartilage, anterior segment of eyebal. FMA:86140 uberon organ region with fixed fiat boundary organ segment segment of organ UBERON:0000063 organ subunit A part of an organ that constitutes a distinct modular sub-unit. In some cases, the organ may also contain other sub-units of identical or similar types, in other cases this may be a distinct entity. Organ region with one or more anchored fiat boundaries. Examples: artery, trunk of nerve, cervical part of esophagus, pelvic part of vagina, horn of thyroid cartilage, anterior segment of eyeball. FMA:86140 3 Organ region with one or more fixed or anchored fiat boundaries. Examples: artery, trunk of nerve, cervical part of esophagus, pelvic part of vagina, horn of thyroid cartilage, anterior segment of eyebal. FMA:86140 1 organ region with fixed fiat boundary FMA:86140 organ segment FMA:86140 segment of organ FMA:86140 A multicellular structure that is a part of an organ. currently defined in a very broad sense, may be replaced by more specific classes in the future AAO:0011124 BIRNLEX:16 EFO:0000635 FMA:82472 cardinal organ part uberon regional part of organ UBERON:0000064 organ part A multicellular structure that is a part of an organ. cardinal organ part FMA:82472 regional part of organ BIRNLEX:16 Anatomical structure that is part of the respiratory system. In mammals consists of upper and lower tracts EHDAA2:0001606 EHDAA:1568 EHDAA:2219 EMAPA:16737 FMA:265130 OpenCyc:Mx4rvvM--pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA VHOG:0000393 uberon UBERON:0000065 respiratory tract NCBIBook:NBK10107 Anatomical structure that is part of the respiratory system. In mammals consists of upper and lower tracts The stage of development at which the animal is fully formed, including immaturity and maturity. Includes both sexually immature stage, and adult stage. adult stage BTO:0001043 BilaDO:0000004 EFO:0001272 FBdv:00005369 WBls:0000041 XtroDO:0000084 fully formed animal stage juvenile-adult stage uberon UBERON:0000066 fully formed stage The stage of development at which the animal is fully formed, including immaturity and maturity. Includes both sexually immature stage, and adult stage. A life cycle stage that starts with fertilization and ends with the fully formed embryo. BilaDO:0000002 EV:0300001 FBdv:00005289 FMA:72652 HsapDv:0000002 MmusDv:0000002 OGES:000000 OGES:000022 WBls:0000003 WBls:0000092 WBls:0000102 XAO:1000012 embryonic stage uberon embryogenesis UBERON:0000068 embryo stage A life cycle stage that starts with fertilization and ends with the fully formed embryo. End of the life of an organism. ncit:Death is an outcome XAO:0000437 XtroDO:0000085 uberon death UBERON:0000071 death stage End of the life of an organism. XAO:0000437 ncit:Death is an outcome ncit An section of a respiratory tract. MA:0000434 has subclasses upper and lower, so it corresponds to a segment of the tract, rather than the tract as a whole EMAPA:16737 FMA:45660 MA:0000434 uberon respiratory tract subdivision of respiratory tract UBERON:0000072 proximo-distal subdivision of respiratory tract An section of a respiratory tract. MA:0000434 has subclasses upper and lower, so it corresponds to a segment of the tract, rather than the tract as a whole MA respiratory tract MA:0000434 Any part or collection of parts of the central or peripheral nervous system. Parts may span both CNS and PNS. Melissa Haendel 2009-06-18T09:00:04Z BIRNLEX:1157 NCIT:C13040 UMLS:C1518256 part of nervous system uberon UBERON:0000073 regional part of nervous system Any part or collection of parts of the central or peripheral nervous system. Parts may span both CNS and PNS. BIRNLEX:1157 UMLS:C1518256 ncithesaurus:Nervous_System_Part part of nervous system BIRNLEX:1157 Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements and articular elements that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. UBERON:0010322 FMA:85544 NCIT:C34076 UMLS:C1519343 galen:ComplexSkeletalStructure skeletal system subdivision uberon skeletal system part UBERON:0000075 subdivision of skeletal system cjm Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements and articular elements that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. UBERONREF:0000003 UMLS:C1519343 ncithesaurus:Skeletal_System_Part skeletal system subdivision FMA:85544 The surface (external) layer of ectoderm which begins to proliferate shortly after separation from the neuroectoderm. merge with non-neural. In vertebrates, the ectoderm has three parts: external ectoderm (also known as surface ectoderm), the neurectoderm (neural crest, and neural tube) (or external ectoderm) forms the following structures: Skin Epithelium of the mouth and nasal cavity saliavary glands, and glands of mouth and nasal cavity Enamel - as a side note dentin and dental pulp are formed from ectomesenchyme which is derived from ectoderm Epithelium of pineal and pituitary glands Lens and cornea of the eye Apical ectodermal ridge inducing development of the limb buds of the embryo. Sensory receptors in epidermis EHDAA2:0001968 EHDAA:1494 EHDAA:350 EHDAA:4784 EHDAA:4790 EHDAA:4796 EHDAA:7860 EMAPA:16096 FMA:87656 NCIT:C34309 UMLS:C1515087 surface (external) ectoderm surface ectoderm uberon UBERON:0000076 external ectoderm EHDAA2 EHDAA2 The surface (external) layer of ectoderm which begins to proliferate shortly after separation from the neuroectoderm. MGI:anna MP:0012532 UMLS:C1515087 ncithesaurus:Surface_Ectoderm surface ectoderm MP:0012532 An anatomical structure that develops from the endoderm and the mesoderm. Grouping term for query purposes. Notes that the developmental relationships are being refined such that most structures should develop in whole from at most one layer, but may have contributions from multiple uberon UBERON:0000077 mixed endoderm/mesoderm-derived structure An anatomical structure that develops from the endoderm and the mesoderm. An anatomical structure that develops from the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. Grouping term for query purposes. Notes that the developmental relationships are being refined such that most structures should develop in whole from at most one layer, but may have contributions from multiple uberon UBERON:0000078 mixed ectoderm/mesoderm/endoderm-derived structure An anatomical structure that develops from the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. stage succeeding embryo, including mature structure In birds, the postnatal stage begins when the beak penetrates the shell (i.e., external pipping) (Brown et al. 1997) BilaDO:0000003 OGES:000010 OGES:000014 OGES:000024 WBls:0000022 WBls:0000093 WBls:0000103 postembryonic stage post-hatching stage uberon postembryonic UBERON:0000092 post-embryonic stage stage succeeding embryo, including mature structure Nonparenchymatous organ that primarily consists of dense connective tissue organized into a sheet which interconnects two or more organs, separates two or more body spaces from one another, or surrounds an organ or body part. Examples: interosseous membrane of forearm, obturator membrane, tympanic membrane, fibrous pericardium, fascia lata, dura mater. [FMA] cjm 2009-07-30T05:19:13Z membrane FMA:7145 membrane of organ uberon UBERON:0000094 membrane organ FMA-def Nonparenchymatous organ that primarily consists of dense connective tissue organized into a sheet which interconnects two or more organs, separates two or more body spaces from one another, or surrounds an organ or body part. Examples: interosseous membrane of forearm, obturator membrane, tympanic membrane, fibrous pericardium, fascia lata, dura mater. [FMA] FMA:7145 The lung vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the lungs[GO]. FMA:73750 lung vascular network pulmonary vasculature vascular network of lung vasculature of lung uberon UBERON:0000102 lung vasculature The lung vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the lungs[GO]. GOC:GO lung vascular network OBOL:automatic pulmonary vasculature FMA:73750 vascular network of lung OBOL:automatic vasculature of lung OBOL:automatic An entire span of an organism's life, commencing with the zygote stage and ending in the death of the organism. FBdv:00000000 HsapDv:0000001 MmusDv:0000001 OGES:000011 ncithesaurus:Life entire life cycle entire lifespan life lifespan uberon UBERON:0000104 life cycle An entire span of an organism's life, commencing with the zygote stage and ending in the death of the organism. A spatiotemporal region encompassing some part of the life cycle of an organism. this class represents a proper part of the life cycle of an organism. The class 'life cycle' should not be placed here the WBls class 'all stages' belongs here as it is the superclass of other WBls stages we map the ZFS unknown stage here as it is logically equivalent to saying *some* life cycle stage BILS:0000105 EFO:0000399 FBdv:00007012 FMA:24120 HsapDv:0000000 MmusDv:0000000 OlatDv:0000010 PdumDv:0000090 WBls:0000002 XAO:1000000 ZFS:0000000 ZFS:0100000 ncithesaurus:Developmental_Stage developmental stage stage uberon UBERON:0000105 life cycle stage A spatiotemporal region encompassing some part of the life cycle of an organism. A stage at which the organism is a single cell produced by means of sexual reproduction. As in all metazoans, eumetazoan development begins with a fertilized egg, or zygote.[well established][VHOG] BILS:0000106 BilaDO:0000005 EFO:0001322 EHDAA:27 FBdv:00005288 NCIT:C12601 PdumDv:0000100 VHOG:0000745 XAO:1000001 ZFS:0000001 1-cell stage fertilized egg stage one cell stage uberon fertilized egg stage one-cell stage zygote zygotum UBERON:0000106 zygote stage A stage at which the organism is a single cell produced by means of sexual reproduction. As in all metazoans, eumetazoan development begins with a fertilized egg, or zygote.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000745 VHOG ISBN:978-0030259821 Ruppert EE, Fox RS, Barnes RD, Invertebrate zoology: a functional evolutionary approach (2003) p.107 fertilized egg stage BTO:0000854 one-cell stage VHOG:0000745 zygote VHOG:0000745 zygotum The first few specialized divisions of an activated animal egg; Stage consisting of division of cells in the early embryo. The zygotes of many species undergo rapid cell cycles with no significant growth, producing a cluster of cells the same size as the original zygote. The different cells derived from cleavage are called blastomeres and form a compact mass called the morula. Cleavage ends with the formation of the blastula. BILS:0000107 BilaDO:0000006 EFO:0001290 FBdv:00000054 MESH:A16.254.270 MmusDv:0000004 OGES:000015 OGES:000020 PdumDv:0000200 XAO:1000004 ZFS:0000046 uberon UBERON:0000107 cleavage stage The first few specialized divisions of an activated animal egg; Stage consisting of division of cells in the early embryo. The zygotes of many species undergo rapid cell cycles with no significant growth, producing a cluster of cells the same size as the original zygote. The different cells derived from cleavage are called blastomeres and form a compact mass called the morula. Cleavage ends with the formation of the blastula. GO:0040016 An early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence. consider adding a preceding stage 'morula stage' as part of cleavage BILS:0000108 BilaDO:0000007 EFO:0001282 HsapDv:0000006 MmusDv:0000007 OGES:000003 OGES:000016 OGES:000021 OpenCyc:Mx4rEetFnKP2EdqAAAACs4vPlg WBls:0000005 XAO:1000003 ZFS:0000045 uberon UBERON:0000108 blastula stage An early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence. A stage defined by complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. BILS:0000109 BilaDO:0000008 EFO:0001296 FBdv:00005317 HsapDv:0000010 MmusDv:0000013 OGES:000004 OGES:000019 WBls:0000010 XAO:1000005 ZFS:0000047 uberon blastocystis trilaminaris stage trilaminar blastocyst stage trilaminar blastoderm stage trilaminar disk stage trilaminar germ stage trilaminar stage UBERON:0000109 gastrula stage BILS A stage defined by complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. GO:0007369 blastocystis trilaminaris stage trilaminar blastocyst stage trilaminar blastoderm stage trilaminar disk stage trilaminar germ stage trilaminar stage Staged defined by the formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system. BILS:0000110 BilaDO:0000009 HsapDv:0000012 MmusDv:0000017 XAO:1000006 uberon UBERON:0000110 neurula stage Staged defined by the formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system. GO:0001841 A stage at which the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm develop into the internal organs of the organism. BILS:0000111 BilaDO:0000010 HsapDv:0000015 MmusDv:0000018 OGES:000005 OGES:000032 uberon segmentation stage UBERON:0000111 organogenesis stage A stage at which the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm develop into the internal organs of the organism. the connective tissue located between the respiratory (airway and alveolar) epithelium, the capillary endothelium and pleural mesothelium; it contains basement membrane composed of collagen, elastin, proteoglycans, and fibronectin it functions in the mechanical behavior of the lung, and forms a barrier to regulate the flow of plasma constituents from the capillaries to the airway and alveolar spaces EMAPA:35521 FMA:27533 MA:0001782 connective tissue of lung pulmonary interstitium uberon lung interstitial tissue lung interstitium pulmonary connective tissue pulmonary interstitial tissue UBERON:0000114 lung connective tissue the connective tissue located between the respiratory (airway and alveolar) epithelium, the capillary endothelium and pleural mesothelium; it contains basement membrane composed of collagen, elastin, proteoglycans, and fibronectin ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MGI:anna MP:0002276 connective tissue of lung OBOL:automatic pulmonary interstitium FMA:27533 lung interstitial tissue MA:0001782 pulmonary connective tissue EMAPA:35521 The epithelial layer of the lung. A pseudostratified epithelium, containing basal cells, stem cells of the airway, submucosal glands and cartilage rings, is limited to the trachea and large lobar airways in the mouse (Morrisey and Hogan, 2010). This more complex epithelium extends to terminal bronchioles in the human[DOI:10.1242/dev.115469] BTO:0001653 EMAPA:32860 MA:0001783 epithelial tissue of lung epithelium of lung lung epithelial tissue uberon pulmonary epithelium UBERON:0000115 lung epithelium The epithelial layer of the lung. MP:0006382 epithelial tissue of lung OBOL:automatic epithelium of lung OBOL:automatic lung epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic pulmonary epithelium BTO:0001653 A tube in the respiratory system. Examples: bronchus, bronchiole, trachea. in GO lung development is part of respiratory tube development. This can lead to inconsistencies with other ontologies, e.g. VT. The GO structure may be better represented by a tree of tubes (see the FMA class) EMAPA:37946 FMA:12224 segment of tracheobronchial tree respiratory conducting tube segment of tracheobronchial tree tracheobronchial tree segment uberon airway UBERON:0000117 respiratory tube A tube in the respiratory system. Examples: bronchus, bronchiole, trachea. GO:0030323 in GO lung development is part of respiratory tube development. This can lead to inconsistencies with other ontologies, e.g. VT. The GO structure may be better represented by a tree of tubes (see the FMA class) GO EMAPA:37946 MA:th segment of tracheobronchial tree FMA:12224 respiratory conducting tube MP:0004391 segment of tracheobronchial tree FMA:12224 tracheobronchial tree segment FMA:12224 Structure derived from foregut that becomes a lung[GO]. clarify successors - include bronchi? BTO:0001643 EHDAA2:0004089 NCIT:C34260 NCIT:C34282 UMLS:C1514420 UMLS:C1514897 uberon gemma pulmonalis gemma respiratoria lung bud primary lung bud respiratory diverticulum UBERON:0000118 lung bud GO:0060441 EHDAA2 Structure derived from foregut that becomes a lung[GO]. GO:0060431 UMLS:C1514420 ncithesaurus:Primary_Bronchial_Bud UMLS:C1514897 ncithesaurus:Respiratory_Diverticulum gemma pulmonalis gemma respiratoria lung bud primary lung bud GO:0060572 respiratory diverticulum uberon UBERON:0000153 anterior region of body lexical uberon UBERON:0000154 posterior region of body lexical Anatomical conduit that connects two adjacent body spaces (or a body space with the space surrounding the organism)[FMA,modified]. in FMA, this is an anatomical conduit *space*, rather than anatomical conduit anatomical ostium ostium FMA:3724 anatomical orifice hilum uberon UBERON:0000161 orifice Anatomical conduit that connects two adjacent body spaces (or a body space with the space surrounding the organism)[FMA,modified]. FMA:3724 in FMA, this is an anatomical conduit *space*, rather than anatomical conduit FMA anatomical ostium FMA:3724 anatomical orifice FMA:3724 The proximal portion of the digestive tract, containing the oral cavity and bounded by the oral opening. In vertebrates, this extends to the pharynx and includes gums, lips, tongue and parts of the palate. Typically also includes the teeth, except where these occur elsewhere (e.g. pharyngeal jaws) or protrude from the mouth (tusks). Cavity in which food is initially ingested and generally contains teeth, tongue and glands.[AAO] Molecular and developmental cell lineage data suggest that the acoel mouth opening is homologous to the mouth of protostomes and deuterostomes and that the last common ancestor of the Bilateria (the 'urbilaterian') had only this single digestive opening.[well established][VHOG] oral some AOs place this as developing from the stomodeum but we weaken this to developmental contribution, as the mouth includes non-ectodermal derivatives in FMA, the tongue, palate etc are part of the mouth which is itself a subdivision of the face. ZFA includes a separate class 'oral region' which is part of the mouth, but excludes tongue and lips AAO:0010355 BTO:0001090 BTO:0004698 CALOHA:TS-1315 EFO:0000825 EHDAA2:0001326 EHDAA:542 EMAPA:16262 FBbt:00003126 FMA:49184 GAID:75 MA:0000341 MA:0002474 MAT:0000038 MESH:D009055 MIAA:0000038 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVidh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TADS:0000040 TAO:0000547 TAO:0000590 TGMA:0000131 VHOG:0000280 VHOG:0000812 XAO:0003029 ZFA:0000547 ZFA:0000590 galen:Mouth regio oralis adult mouth uberon cavital oralis cavitas oris cavum oris mouth cavity oral region oral vestibule rima oris stoma stomatodaeum trophic apparatus vestibule of mouth vestibulum oris UBERON:0000165 mouth the mouth contains structures such as jaw skeleton that may not strictly be considered tract parts exceptions in some taxa The proximal portion of the digestive tract, containing the oral cavity and bounded by the oral opening. In vertebrates, this extends to the pharynx and includes gums, lips, tongue and parts of the palate. Typically also includes the teeth, except where these occur elsewhere (e.g. pharyngeal jaws) or protrude from the mouth (tusks). Cavity in which food is initially ingested and generally contains teeth, tongue and glands.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010355 AAO AAO:BJB Molecular and developmental cell lineage data suggest that the acoel mouth opening is homologous to the mouth of protostomes and deuterostomes and that the last common ancestor of the Bilateria (the 'urbilaterian') had only this single digestive opening.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000812 VHOG DOI:10.1038/nature07309 Hejnol A, Martindale MQ, Acoel development indicates the independent evolution of the bilaterian mouth and anus. Nature (2008) in FMA, the tongue, palate etc are part of the mouth which is itself a subdivision of the face. ZFA includes a separate class 'oral region' which is part of the mouth, but excludes tongue and lips FMA regio oralis BTO:0004698 regio oralis FMA:49184 FMA:TA cavital oralis cavitas oris BTO:0001090 cavum oris BTO:0001090 mouth cavity BTO:0001090 oral region EHDAA2:0001326 oral vestibule BTO:0001090 rima oris BTO:0001090 stomatodaeum VHOG:0000812 trophic apparatus vestibule of mouth BTO:0001090 vestibulum oris BTO:0001090 The orifice that connects the mouth to the exterior of the body. (...) mouth development is very similar in protostomes and 'basal' deuterostomes, whereas the chordate mouth seems to develop at a new position. Recent data for echinoderms and hemichordates further suggest that this change in mouth position may result from change in the influence of a conserved ectodermal patterning system on mouth development. It has been suggested that the mouths of vertebrates and urochordates may constitute a 'new' mouth.[well established][VHOG] FMA:59806 oral fissure oral orifice uberon mouth oral part of face UBERON:0000166 oral opening FMA The orifice that connects the mouth to the exterior of the body. (...) mouth development is very similar in protostomes and 'basal' deuterostomes, whereas the chordate mouth seems to develop at a new position. Recent data for echinoderms and hemichordates further suggest that this change in mouth position may result from change in the influence of a conserved ectodermal patterning system on mouth development. It has been suggested that the mouths of vertebrates and urochordates may constitute a 'new' mouth.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000280 VHOG DOI:10.1016/j.semcdb.2007.06.002 Christiaen L, Jaszczyszyn Y, Kerfant M, Kanob S, Thermes V, Joly JS, Evolutionary modification of mouth position in deuterostomes. Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology (2007) oral fissure FMA:59806 oral orifice FMA:59806 mouth Anatomical cavity at the start of the digestive tract that that is enclosed by the mouth. The boundaries and contents vary depending on the species. In vertebrates, the boundaries are the oral opening, the cheeks, the palate and (if present) the palatoglossal arch - if this is not present then the mouth and pharynx form the oropharyngeal cavity. The buccal cavity contains the teeth, tongue and palate (when present) Anatomical cavity bounded anteriorly by the mouth and posteriorly by the derivatives of the branchial arches.[AAO] The cavity of the mouth, bounded by the jaw bones and associated structures (muscles and mucosa). [TFD][VHOG] Echinoderms, hemichordates, and chordates are called deuterostomes because the mouth arises not from the blastopore but from a second invagination at the anterior end of the larva that pushes in to connect with the archenteron.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0000053 AAO:0000960 BSA:0000107 CALOHA:TS-1315 EFO:0001975 EHDAA2:0001324 EHDAA:6970 EMAPA:17411 EMAPA:18399 EV:0100057 FMA:20292 HAO:0000669 NCIT:C12421 TAO:0001027 TGMA:0000102 UMLS:C0226896 VHOG:0000188 WBbt:0005255 XAO:0000126 ZFA:0001027 buccal cavity cavity of mouth uberon bucca UBERON:0000167 oral cavity Anatomical cavity at the start of the digestive tract that that is enclosed by the mouth. The boundaries and contents vary depending on the species. In vertebrates, the boundaries are the oral opening, the cheeks, the palate and (if present) the palatoglossal arch - if this is not present then the mouth and pharynx form the oropharyngeal cavity. The buccal cavity contains the teeth, tongue and palate (when present) ISBN:0073040584 Anatomical cavity bounded anteriorly by the mouth and posteriorly by the derivatives of the branchial arches.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000960 AAO AAO:EJS The cavity of the mouth, bounded by the jaw bones and associated structures (muscles and mucosa). [TFD][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000188 VHOG Echinoderms, hemichordates, and chordates are called deuterostomes because the mouth arises not from the blastopore but from a second invagination at the anterior end of the larva that pushes in to connect with the archenteron.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000188 VHOG ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.32 UMLS:C0226896 ncithesaurus:Oral_Cavity buccal cavity FMA:20292 ISBN:0073040584 1 1 1 1 The pair of anatomical structures comprised of a left lung and right lung. FMA:68877 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA lungs lungs pair pulmones set of lungs uberon UBERON:0000170 pair of lungs FMA-abduced The pair of anatomical structures comprised of a left lung and right lung. pulmones FMA:68877 FMA:TA Organ that functions in gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms. EMAPA:17607 SPD:0000428 TGMA:0001247 apparatus respiratorius organ breathing organ organ of apparatus respiratorius organ of respiratory system respiratory organ respiratory system organ uberon gas exchange organ UBERON:0000171 respiration organ Organ that functions in gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms. GO:0007585 apparatus respiratorius organ OBOL:automatic organ of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic organ of respiratory system OBOL:automatic respiratory system organ OBOL:automatic A fluid that is composed of blood plasma and erythrocytes. This class excludes blood analogues, such as the insect analog of blood. See UBERON:0000179 haemolymphatic fluid. A complex mixture of cells suspended in a liquid matrix that delivers nutrients to cells and removes wastes. (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO] Highly specialized circulating tissue consisting of several types of cells suspended in a fluid medium known as plasma.[AAO] relationship loss: subclass specialized connective tissue (AAO:0000571)[AAO] Recent findings strongly suggest that the molecular pathways involved in the development and function of blood cells are highly conserved among vertebrates and various invertebrates phyla. (...) There is now good reason to believe that, in vertebrates and invertebrates alike, blood cell lineages diverge from a common type of progenitor cell, the hemocytoblast.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0000046 BTO:0000089 CALOHA:TS-0079 EFO:0000296 EHDAA2:0000176 EHDAA:418 EMAPA:16332 ENVO:02000027 EV:0100047 FMA:9670 GAID:965 MA:0000059 MESH:D001769 MIAA:0000315 NCIT:C12434 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjI8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000007 UMLS:C0005767 VHOG:0000224 XAO:0000124 ZFA:0000007 galen:Blood portion of blood vertebrate blood uberon whole blood UBERON:0000178 blood Bgee:AN A fluid that is composed of blood plasma and erythrocytes. FMA:9670 A complex mixture of cells suspended in a liquid matrix that delivers nutrients to cells and removes wastes. (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000007 TAO ZFIN:curator Highly specialized circulating tissue consisting of several types of cells suspended in a fluid medium known as plasma.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000046 AAO AAO:LAP relationship loss: subclass specialized connective tissue (AAO:0000571)[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000046 AAO Recent findings strongly suggest that the molecular pathways involved in the development and function of blood cells are highly conserved among vertebrates and various invertebrates phyla. (...) There is now good reason to believe that, in vertebrates and invertebrates alike, blood cell lineages diverge from a common type of progenitor cell, the hemocytoblast.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000224 VHOG DOI:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.22.010605.093317 Hartenstein V, Blood cells and blood cell development in the animal kingdom. Annual review of cell and developmental biology (2006) UMLS:C0005767 ncithesaurus:Blood whole blood BTO:0000089 Circulating fluid that is part of the hemolymphoid system. Blood, lymph, interstitial fluid or its analogs. cjm 2009-04-08T04:38:19Z CARO:0000081 uberon blood or blood analog circulating fluid UBERON:0000179 haemolymphatic fluid Circulating fluid that is part of the hemolymphoid system. Blood, lymph, interstitial fluid or its analogs. Organism at the blastula stage - an early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence. TODO - check relationship with epiblast. Note in FMA this is not a subclass of embryo, but in uberon embryo is the whole organism from zygote onwards and thus includes the blastula UBERON:0007011 BILA:0000059 BTO:0000128 GAID:1294 MESH:A16.254.270.274 OGEM:000006 OpenCyc:Mx4rEetFnKP2EdqAAAACs4vPlg blastula embryo uberon blastosphere UBERON:0000307 blastula Organism at the blastula stage - an early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence. blastula embryo BILA:0000059 blastosphere The wall of the digestive tract. This encompasses all parts of the digestive tract with the exception of the lumen (cavity). We model the digestive tract as consisting of two parts: the wall and the lumen. BTO:0000547 FMA:45653 digestive tract wall wall of digestive tract wall of gut uberon wall of alimentary tract UBERON:0000328 gut wall The wall of the digestive tract. This encompasses all parts of the digestive tract with the exception of the lumen (cavity). wall of gut FMA:45653 A lining of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium, which is involved in absorption and secretion. They line various body cavities that are exposed to the external environment and internal organs. It is at several places continuous with skin: at the nostrils, the lips, the ears, the genital area, and the anus. The sticky, thick fluid secreted by the mucous membranes and gland is termed mucus. The term mucous membrane refers to where they are found in the body and not every mucous membrane secretes mucus[WP] mucosal FMA has mucosa vs region of mucosa; these are subtypes of Mucosa: Mucosa of gallbladder, tongue, .... The following are subtypes of Region of mucosa: Mucosa of zone of stomach, trachea, bronchus, dorsum of tongue.... Depends on whether the covered area is an organ or organ component. Uberon does not regard organ vs organ component as crucial distinction and thus collapses these into a single class deliberately AEO:0000199 BTO:0000886 CALOHA:TS-2031 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003234 EV:0100382 FMA:85355 FMA:85358 GAID:297 MESH:D009092 NCIT:C13166 OpenCyc:Mx4rvmKNOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0026724 galen:Mucosa mucosa of organ mucosa of organ part mucosal region mucous membrane organ mucosa uberon region of mucosa tunica mucosa UBERON:0000344 mucosa A lining of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium, which is involved in absorption and secretion. They line various body cavities that are exposed to the external environment and internal organs. It is at several places continuous with skin: at the nostrils, the lips, the ears, the genital area, and the anus. The sticky, thick fluid secreted by the mucous membranes and gland is termed mucus. The term mucous membrane refers to where they are found in the body and not every mucous membrane secretes mucus[WP] FMA has mucosa vs region of mucosa; these are subtypes of Mucosa: Mucosa of gallbladder, tongue, .... The following are subtypes of Region of mucosa: Mucosa of zone of stomach, trachea, bronchus, dorsum of tongue.... Depends on whether the covered area is an organ or organ component. Uberon does not regard organ vs organ component as crucial distinction and thus collapses these into a single class deliberately FMA UMLS:C0026724 ncithesaurus:Mucosa mucosa of organ FMA:85355 mucosa of organ part FMA:85358 mucosal region FMA:85358 mucous membrane FMA:85355 organ mucosa FMA:85355 region of mucosa FMA:85358 tunica mucosa tunica mucosa BTO:0000886 A mucosa that is part of a pharynx [Automatically generated definition]. UBERON:0003344 BTO:0001047 EMAPA:26957 FMA:55031 MA:0003143 mucosa of organ of pharynx mucosa of pharynx mucous membrane of pharynx organ mucosa of pharynx pharynx mucosa pharynx mucosa of organ pharynx mucous membrane pharynx organ mucosa tunica mucosa pharyngea tunica mucosa pharyngis uberon mucous membrane of the pharynx UBERON:0000355 pharyngeal mucosa A mucosa that is part of a pharynx [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of pharynx OBOL:automatic mucosa of pharynx OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of pharynx FMA:55031 mucous membrane of pharynx OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of pharynx OBOL:automatic pharynx mucosa OBOL:automatic pharynx mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic pharynx mucous membrane OBOL:automatic pharynx organ mucosa OBOL:automatic tunica mucosa pharyngea FMA:55031 FMA:TA mucous membrane of the pharynx BTO:0001047 A mucosa that is part of a respiratory airway. BTO:0001390 FMA:7471 mucosa of organ of trachea mucosa of organ of windpipe mucosa of trachea mucosa of windpipe mucous membrane of trachea mucous membrane of windpipe organ mucosa of trachea organ mucosa of windpipe trachea mucosa trachea mucosa of organ trachea mucous membrane trachea organ mucosa tracheal mucous membrane tunica mucosa (tracheae) tunica mucosa tracheae windpipe mucosa windpipe mucosa of organ windpipe mucous membrane windpipe organ mucosa uberon UBERON:0000379 tracheal mucosa A mucosa that is part of a respiratory airway. OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of trachea OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of windpipe OBOL:automatic mucosa of trachea OBOL:automatic mucosa of windpipe OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of trachea FMA:7471 mucous membrane of trachea OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of windpipe OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of trachea OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of windpipe OBOL:automatic trachea mucosa OBOL:automatic trachea mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic trachea mucous membrane OBOL:automatic trachea organ mucosa OBOL:automatic tracheal mucous membrane FMA:7471 tunica mucosa (tracheae) FMA:7471 tunica mucosa tracheae FMA:7471 FMA:TA windpipe mucosa OBOL:automatic windpipe mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic windpipe mucous membrane OBOL:automatic windpipe organ mucosa OBOL:automatic The subdivision of the musculoskeletal system that consists of all the muscles of the body[VSAO, modified]. consider whether this should be restricted to skeletal musculature. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/77 Anatomical system that consists of the muscles of the body.[VSAO] we place the MA term musculature here, rather than under uberon:musculature, as this seems more appropriate given the structure of MA AAO:0000307 BILA:0000088 BTO:0001369 BTO:0001485 EFO:0000801 EMAPA:35578 FBbt:00005069 FMA:72954 MA:0002888 MAT:0000025 MIAA:0000025 VSAO:0000033 XAO:0004042 muscle system muscle system of body muscular system musculature system set of all muscles set of muscles of body vertebrate muscular system uberon muskelsystem UBERON:0000383 musculature of body The subdivision of the musculoskeletal system that consists of all the muscles of the body[VSAO, modified]. VSAO:0000033 Anatomical system that consists of the muscles of the body.[VSAO] 2012-08-14 VSAO:0000033 VSAO VSAO:curator we place the MA term musculature here, rather than under uberon:musculature, as this seems more appropriate given the structure of MA MA muscular system FMA:72954 musculature system BILA:0000088 set of all muscles FMA:72954 set of muscles of body FMA:72954 vertebrate muscular system BTO:0001369 muskelsystem BTO:0001485 Tissue that surrounds the lens nucleus BTO:0001632 CALOHA:TS-0542 FMA:58970 MESH:A09.371.509.225 cortex of lens uberon UBERON:0000389 lens cortex Tissue that surrounds the lens nucleus cortex of lens FMA:58970 The core of the crystalline lens, surrounded by the cortex. BTO:0001633 FMA:58971 MESH:A09.371.509.670 nucleus of lens uberon UBERON:0000390 lens nucleus The core of the crystalline lens, surrounded by the cortex. BTO:0001633 nucleus of lens FMA:58971 A gland in which the principal secretory cells are serous secreting cells. glands that secrete watery albuminous material that often contains enzymes[MP:0008052]. BTO:0001837 EMAPA:37950 FMA:62889 uberon UBERON:0000409 serous gland A gland in which the principal secretory cells are serous secreting cells. glands that secrete watery albuminous material that often contains enzymes[MP:0008052]. MP:0008052 EMAPA:37950 MA:th An anatomical wall that is part of an artery [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0002009 FMA:14155 galen:ArterialWall arterial wall wall of artery uberon UBERON:0000415 artery wall An anatomical wall that is part of an artery [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic arterial wall FMA:14155 wall of artery FMA:14155 A portion of organism substance that is produced by exocrine glands. BTO has two distunct classes, with exocrine glandular secretion a subtype of secretion - however, all examples in BTO directly under secretion appear to be exocrine gland secretions UBERON:0006540 secretion AEO:0001005 BTO:0002977 BTO:0002979 EMAPA:36535 FMA:9675 MA:0002504 MESH:D012634 NCIT:C34062 UMLS:C1516992 galen:Secretion bodily secretion exocrine gland fluid/secretion secreted substance uberon exocrine gland fluid exocrine gland fluid or secretion exocrine gland secretion external secretion UBERON:0000456 secretion of exocrine gland A portion of organism substance that is produced by exocrine glands. BTO has two distunct classes, with exocrine glandular secretion a subtype of secretion - however, all examples in BTO directly under secretion appear to be exocrine gland secretions BTO secretion FMA:9675 UMLS:C1516992 ncithesaurus:Exocrine_Gland_Fluid_or_Secretion bodily secretion MESH:D012634 exocrine gland fluid/secretion MA:0002504 external secretion BTO:0002977 Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body. AAO:0010839 AEO:0000004 BILA:0000004 CALOHA:TS-2101 CARO:0000004 EHDAA2:0003004 EMAPA:35178 FBbt:00007019 FMA:9669 HAO:0000004 MA:0002450 NCIT:C13236 SPD:0000008 TAO:0001487 TGMA:0001824 VHOG:0001726 XAO:0004001 ZFA:0001487 galen:BodySubstance body fluid or substance body substance organism substance portion of body substance portion of organism substance uberon UBERON:0000463 organism substance this relationship may be too strong and may be weakened in future Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body. body fluid or substance MA:0002450 body substance FMA:9669 organism substance CARO:0000004 portion of body substance FMA:9669 portion of organism substance ZFA:0001487 Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures. lumen space AAO:0010110 AEO:0000005 BILA:0000005 CARO:0000005 EHDAA2:0003005 FBbt:00007017 FMA:5897 HAO:0000005 NCIT:C94478 TAO:0001668 TGMA:0001825 UMLS:C0524461 VHOG:0001728 XAO:0003190 ZFA:0001643 lumen space uberon anatomical spaces UBERON:0000464 anatomical space Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures. UMLS:C0524461 ncithesaurus:Lumen_Space anatomical spaces ZFA:0001643 Anatomical entity that has mass. AAO:0010264 AEO:0000006 BILA:0000006 CARO:0000006 EHDAA2:0003006 FBbt:00007016 FMA:67165 HAO:0000006 TAO:0001836 TGMA:0001826 VHOG:0001721 uberon UBERON:0000465 material anatomical entity Anatomical entity that has mass. Anatomical entity that has no mass. AAO:0010265 AEO:0000007 BILA:0000007 CARO:0000007 EHDAA2:0003007 FBbt:00007015 FMA:67112 HAO:0000007 TAO:0001835 TGMA:0001827 VHOG:0001727 immaterial physical anatomical entity uberon UBERON:0000466 immaterial anatomical entity Anatomical entity that has no mass. immaterial physical anatomical entity FMA:67112 Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function. system AAO:0000007 AEO:0000011 BILA:0000011 BIRNLEX:14 BSA:0000049 CALOHA:TS-2088 CARO:0000011 EHDAA2:0003011 EHDAA:392 EMAPA:16103 EV:0100000 FBbt:00004856 FMA:7149 HAO:0000011 MA:0000003 NCIT:C12919 OpenCyc:Mx4rCWM0QCtDEdyAAADggVbxzQ TAO:0001439 TGMA:0001831 UMLS:C0460002 VHOG:0001725 WBbt:0005746 WBbt:0005763 XAO:0003002 ZFA:0001439 galen:AnatomicalSystem body system connected anatomical system organ system uberon anatomical systems UBERON:0000467 anatomical system Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function. CARO:0000011 system GO:0048731 UMLS:C0460002 ncithesaurus:Organ_System body system BIRNLEX:14 connected anatomical system CARO:0000011 anatomical systems ZFA:0001439 Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell. TODO - split body and mc organism? body continues after death stage organismal organism AAO:0010026 AEO:0000191 BILA:0000012 BIRNLEX:18 BSA:0000038 BTO:0000042 CARO:0000012 EFO:0002906 EHDAA2:0003103 EHDAA2:0003191 EHDAA:1 EMAPA:25765 EV:0100016 FBbt:00000001 FMA:256135 HAO:0000012 NCIT:C13041 TADS:0000001 TAO:0001094 TGMA:0001832 VHOG:0000671 WBbt:0007833 XAO:0003004 ZFA:0001094 galen:Organism ncithesaurus:Whole_Organism multi-cellular organism animal uberon Koerper body whole body whole organism UBERON:0000468 multicellular organism Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell. CARO:0000012 organism FBbt:00000001 VHOG:0000671 WBbt:0007833 multi-cellular organism CARO:0000012 animal BTO:0000042 Koerper BTO:0001489 body AEO:0000103 BIRNLEX:18 FMA:256135 NCIT:C13041 whole body BTO:0001489 whole organism FBbt:00000001 Anatomical structure which is a subdivision of a whole organism, consisting of components of multiple anatomical systems, largely surrounded by a contiguous region of integument. Reflects CARO2. todo - check the inclusion of FMA 'cardinal body part here', and check child terms for consistency AAO:0010053 AEO:0000032 BILA:0000032 BIRNLEX:7 CALOHA:TS-2084 CARO:0000032 EFO:0000808 EHDAA2:0003032 EMAPA:36031 FBbt:00007009 FMA:7153 HAO:0000032 MA:0002433 MAT:0000293 MESH:D001829 MIAA:0000293 NCIT:C32221 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViAHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0001308 TGMA:0001840 UMLS:C0229962 VHOG:0001758 XAO:0003013 ZFA:0001308 galen:BodyPart anatomic region uberon body part body region cardinal body part UBERON:0000475 organism subdivision CARO Anatomical structure which is a subdivision of a whole organism, consisting of components of multiple anatomical systems, largely surrounded by a contiguous region of integument. CARO:0000032 CARO:DOS UMLS:C0229962 ncithesaurus:Body_Part anatomic region MA:0002433 body region FMA:7153 cardinal body part FMA:7153 Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue. AAO:0010268 AEO:0000040 BILA:0000040 CARO:0000040 EHDAA2:0003040 FBbt:00007013 FMA:63863 HAO:0000040 TAO:0000382 TGMA:0001841 XAO:0003162 ZFA:0000382 uberon acellular anatomical structures UBERON:0000476 acellular anatomical structure CARO Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue. acellular anatomical structures ZFA:0000382 Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another. Will be obsoleted in CARO v2 [https://github.com/obophenotype/caro/issues/3] AAO:0010009 AEO:0000041 BILA:0000041 CARO:0000041 EHDAA2:0003041 FBbt:00007277 FMA:49443 HAO:0000041 TADS:0000605 TAO:0001478 TGMA:0001842 VHOG:0001737 XAO:0003160 ZFA:0001478 uberon UBERON:0000477 anatomical cluster Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another. A multicellular anatomical structure that is associated with an embryo and derived from the zygote from which it develops, but which does not contribute to the embryo proper or to structures that are part of the same organism after embryogenesis. AAO:0010020 AEO:0000042 BILA:0000042 CALOHA:TS-2119 CARO:0000042 EHDAA2:0003042 EHDAA:46 FBbt:00005835 FMA:85537 HAO:0000042 NCIT:C34055 TAO:0000020 TGMA:0001843 UMLS:C1282438 VHOG:0000292 XAO:0004005 ZFA:0000020 extra-embryonic structure uberon extraembryonic structures extraembryonic tissue UBERON:0000478 see also conceptus extraembryonic component in EHDAA2. extraembryonic structure A multicellular anatomical structure that is associated with an embryo and derived from the zygote from which it develops, but which does not contribute to the embryo proper or to structures that are part of the same organism after embryogenesis. CARO:DOS UMLS:C1282438 ncithesaurus:Extraembryonic_Structure extraembryonic structures ZFA:0000020 Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation. changed label and definition to reflect CARO2 AAO:0000607 AAO:0010054 AEO:0000043 BILA:0000043 BIRNLEX:19 CALOHA:TS-2090 CARO:0000043 EHDAA2:0003043 EMAPA:35868 FBbt:00007003 FMA:9637 HAO:0000043 MA:0003002 MESH:D014024 NCIT:C12801 TAO:0001477 TGMA:0001844 UMLS:C0040300 VHOG:0001757 WBbt:0005729 XAO:0003040 ZFA:0001477 galen:Tissue portion of tissue tissue portion simple tissue uberon UBERON:0000479 tissue CARO Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation. CARO:0000043 UMLS:C0040300 ncithesaurus:Tissue portion of tissue CARO:0000043 simple tissue AEO:0000043 Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types. AAO:0010048 AEO:0000055 BILA:0000055 CARO:0000055 EHDAA2:0003055 FBbt:00007010 HAO:0000055 TAO:0001488 TGMA:0001847 VHOG:0001762 XAO:0003037 ZFA:0001488 uberon multi-tissue structures UBERON:0000481 multi-tissue structure CARO Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types. CARO:0000055 multi-tissue structures ZFA:0001488 Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina. Examples: simple squamous epithelium, glandular cuboidal epithelium, transitional epithelium, myoepithelium[CARO]. The two basic types of metazoan tissue are epithelial and connective. The simplest metazoans, and developmental stages of many primitive invertebrates, consist solely of these two layers. Thus, epithelial and connective tissues may be the primary (original) tissues of metazoans, and both are important in the functional organization of animals.[well established][VHOG] epithelial AAO:0000144 AAO:0010055 AEO:0000066 BILA:0000066 BTO:0000416 CALOHA:TS-0288 CARO:0000066 EHDAA2:0003066 EMAPA:32738 FBbt:00007005 FMA:9639 GAID:402 HAO:0000066 MA:0003060 MESH:D004848 NCIT:C12710 TAO:0001486 UMLS:C0014609 VHOG:0000387 XAO:0003045 ZFA:0001486 epithelial tissue portion of epithelium uberon UBERON:0000483 epithelium Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina. Examples: simple squamous epithelium, glandular cuboidal epithelium, transitional epithelium, myoepithelium[CARO]. The two basic types of metazoan tissue are epithelial and connective. The simplest metazoans, and developmental stages of many primitive invertebrates, consist solely of these two layers. Thus, epithelial and connective tissues may be the primary (original) tissues of metazoans, and both are important in the functional organization of animals.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000387 VHOG ISBN:978-0030259821 Ruppert EE, Fox RS, Barnes RD, Invertebrate zoology: a functional evolutionary approach (2003) p.59 UMLS:C0014609 ncithesaurus:Epithelium portion of epithelium FMA:9639 Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells. needs to be synchronized with CL - there is no distinct cuboidal cell in CL AAO:0010064 AEO:0000067 BILA:0000067 CARO:0000067 EHDAA2:0003067 FMA:45566 HAO:0000067 NCIT:C33553 TAO:0001497 UMLS:C0836134 XAO:0004009 ZFA:0001497 epithelium simplex cuboideum uberon simple cuboidal epithelia UBERON:0000484 simple cuboidal epithelium Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells. UMLS:C0836134 ncithesaurus:Simple_Cuboidal_Epithelium simple cuboidal epithelia ZFA:0001497 Unilaminar epithelium, which consists of a single layer of columnar cells. Examples: ciliated columnar epithelium, gastric epithelium, microvillus columnar epithelium.[FMA] columnar epithelium columnar epithlium AAO:0010063 AEO:0000068 BILA:0000068 CARO:0000068 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003068 FBbt:00007027 FMA:45567 HAO:0000068 NCIT:C33552 TAO:0001496 UMLS:C0836135 XAO:0004008 ZFA:0001496 epithelium simplex columnare simple columnar epithelium uberon simple columnar epithelia UBERON:0000485 simple columnar epithelium Unilaminar epithelium, which consists of a single layer of columnar cells. Examples: ciliated columnar epithelium, gastric epithelium, microvillus columnar epithelium.[FMA] FMA:FMA columnar epithelium EHDAA2:0003068 columnar epithlium AEO:0000068 UMLS:C0836135 ncithesaurus:Simple_Columnar_Epithelium simple columnar epithelia ZFA:0001496 Epithelium which consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells that may or may not be in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, ciliated stratified columnar epithelium.[FMA] Epithelium that consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells.[CARO] AAO:0010059 AEO:0000069 BILA:0000069 BTO:0002074 CARO:0000069 EHDAA2:0003069 FMA:45562 HAO:0000069 NCIT:C33622 TAO:0001494 UMLS:C0682575 XAO:0004006 ZFA:0001494 stratified epithelium uberon laminated epithelium UBERON:0000486 multilaminar epithelium Epithelium which consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells that may or may not be in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, ciliated stratified columnar epithelium.[FMA] FMA:FMA Epithelium that consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells.[CARO] 2012-06-20 CARO:0000069 CARO FMA:45562 UMLS:C0682575 ncithesaurus:Stratified_Epithelium laminated epithelium BTO:0002074 Unilaminar epithelium which consists of a single layer of squamous cells. Examples: pulmonary alveolar epithelium, endothelium.[FMA] Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of squamous cells.[CARO] AAO:0010066 AEO:0000070 BILA:0000070 BTO:0002073 CARO:0000070 EHDAA2:0003070 FMA:45565 HAO:0000070 NCIT:C13178 TAO:0001498 UMLS:C0836133 XAO:0004010 ZFA:0001498 epithelium simplex squamosum uberon simple squamous epithelia UBERON:0000487 simple squamous epithelium Unilaminar epithelium which consists of a single layer of squamous cells. Examples: pulmonary alveolar epithelium, endothelium.[FMA] FMA:45565 Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of squamous cells.[CARO] 2012-06-20 CARO:0000070 CARO FMA:45565 UMLS:C0836133 ncithesaurus:Simple_Squamous_Epithelium simple squamous epithelia ZFA:0001498 Epithelium that consists of epithelial cells not arranged in one ore more layers. AAO:0010057 AEO:0000071 BILA:0000071 CARO:0000071 EHDAA2:0003071 FMA:61741 HAO:0000071 TAO:0001493 XAO:0004004 ZFA:0001493 heterogenous epithelium uberon atypical epithelia UBERON:0000488 atypical epithelium Epithelium that consists of epithelial cells not arranged in one ore more layers. atypical epithelia ZFA:0001493 Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces. this class was introduced for consistency with CARO, however, it has yet to be used in this or other ontologies. It may be retired in the future AAO:0010016 AEO:0000072 BILA:0000072 CARO:0000072 EHDAA2:0003072 FMA:55671 HAO:0000072 TAO:0001490 TGMA:0001857 VHOG:0001730 XAO:0003165 ZFA:0001490 cavitated organ uberon cavitated compound organs UBERON:0000489 cavitated compound organ Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces. cavitated organ FMA:55671 cavitated compound organs ZFA:0001490 Epithelium which consists of a single layer of epithelial cells. Examples: endothelium, mesothelium, glandular squamous epithelium.[FMA] consider adding disjointness axiom between unilaminar and multilaminar - but note that this will render EHDAA2:0003244 (chorionic trophoblast) unsatisfiable Epithelium that consists of a single layer of epithelial cells.[CARO] AAO:0010062 AEO:0000073 BILA:0000073 BTO:0002073 CARO:0000073 EHDAA2:0003073 FMA:45561 HAO:0000073 NCIT:C33554 TAO:0001495 UMLS:C0682574 XAO:0004007 ZFA:0001495 simple epithelium uberon unilaminar epithelia UBERON:0000490 unilaminar epithelium Epithelium which consists of a single layer of epithelial cells. Examples: endothelium, mesothelium, glandular squamous epithelium.[FMA] FMA:45561 Epithelium that consists of a single layer of epithelial cells.[CARO] 2012-06-20 CARO:0000073 CARO FMA:45561 UMLS:C0682574 ncithesaurus:Simple_Epithelium simple epithelium FMA:45561 unilaminar epithelia ZFA:0001495 Subdivision of trunk that lies between the head and the abdomen. note that we use the slightly verbose term 'thoracic segment of trunk' to avoid confusuon with insect thorax. todo - taxonomic constraints. Also, in FMA 'thorax' is a synonym for chest EMAPA:35862 FMA:259209 MA:0000022 thorax uberon anterior subdivision of trunk upper body upper trunk UBERON:0000915 thoracic segment of trunk FMA Subdivision of trunk that lies between the head and the abdomen. thorax MA:0000022 upper trunk FMA:259209 Anatomical entity that comprises the organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. embryonic Obsoleted in ZFA. Note that embryo is not classified as an embryonic structure - an embryonic structure is only the parts of an embryo AAO:0011035 AEO:0000169 BILA:0000056 BSA:0000039 BTO:0000379 CALOHA:TS-0229 EFO:0001367 EHDAA2:0000002 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003236 EHDAA:38 EMAPA:16039 FBbt:00000052 FMA:69068 GAID:963 MAT:0000226 MESH:D004622 MIAA:0000019 NCIT:C28147 OGEM:000001 OpenCyc:Mx4rwP1ceZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0013935 VHOG:0001766 XAO:0000113 ZFA:0000103 embryonic organism uberon developing organism developmental tissue UBERON:0000922 embryo Anatomical entity that comprises the organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. BTO:0000379 FB:FBrf0039741 FB:FBrf0041814 GO:0009790 Obsoleted in ZFA. Note that embryo is not classified as an embryonic structure - an embryonic structure is only the parts of an embryo ZFA UMLS:C0013935 ncithesaurus:Embryo embryonic organism BILA:0000056 developing organism BILA:0000056 A layer of cells produced during the process of gastrulation during the early development of the animal embryo, which is distinct from other such layers of cells, as an early step of cell differentiation. The three types of germ layers are the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm. The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG] embryonic tissue AAO:0000480 BILA:0000035 BTO:0000556 EMAPA:36033 FBbt:00000110 FMA:69069 GAID:1303 MESH:A16.254.425 NCIT:C12950 NCIT:C54105 TAO:0001122 UMLS:C0920502 UMLS:C1708239 VHOG:0001223 XAO:0003011 ZFA:0001122 germinal layer primary germ layer uberon embryonic germ layer embryonic germ layers UBERON:0000923 Classically the germ layers are ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. Alternatively: primary = ectoderm, endoderm; secondary=mesoderm; tertiary=dorsal mesoderm, NC[https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest] germ layer A layer of cells produced during the process of gastrulation during the early development of the animal embryo, which is distinct from other such layers of cells, as an early step of cell differentiation. The three types of germ layers are the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm. The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001223 VHOG ISBN:978-0878932504 Gilbert SF, Developmental Biology (2006) Limb development and evolution, p.722 embryonic tissue FMA:69069 UMLS:C0920502 ncithesaurus:Embryonic_Tissue UMLS:C1708239 ncithesaurus:Germinal_Layer germinal layer ncithesaurus:Germinal_Layer primary germ layer GO:0001704 ZFA:0001122 Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryo's three germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue. Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryonic germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue.[AAO] The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG] ectodermal AAO:0000137 BILA:0000036 BTO:0000315 CALOHA:TS-0216 EFO:0000414 EHDAA2:0000428 EMAPA:16069 EV:0100003 FBbt:00000111 FMA:69070 GAID:1304 MAT:0000155 MAT:0000173 MESH:A16.254.425.273 MIAA:0000173 NCIT:C12703 TAO:0000016 UMLS:C0013574 VHOG:0000153 XAO:0000001 ZFA:0000016 embryonic ectoderm uberon UBERON:0000924 ectoderm Bgee:AN Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryo's three germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue. Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryonic germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000137 AAO AAO:EJS The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000153 VHOG ISBN:978-0878932504 Gilbert SF, Developmental Biology (2006) Limb development and evolution, p.722 UMLS:C0013574 ncithesaurus:Ectoderm embryonic ectoderm VHOG:0000153 Primary germ layer that lies remote from the surface of the embryo and gives rise to internal tissues such as gut. The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG] endodermal AAO:0000139 BILA:0000038 BTO:0000800 CALOHA:TS-0273 EFO:0002545 EHDAA2:0000436 EMAPA:16062 EV:0100005 FBbt:00000125 FMA:69071 GAID:1305 MAT:0000175 MESH:A16.254.425.407 MIAA:0000175 NCIT:C12706 TAO:0000017 UMLS:C0014144 VHOG:0000154 XAO:0000090 ZFA:0000017 uberon entoderm UBERON:0000925 endoderm Bgee:AN Primary germ layer that lies remote from the surface of the embryo and gives rise to internal tissues such as gut. The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000154 VHOG ISBN:978-0878932504 Gilbert SF, Developmental Biology (2006) Limb development and evolution, p.722 UMLS:C0014144 ncithesaurus:Endoderm entoderm The middle germ layer of the embryo, between the endoderm and ectoderm. Primary germ layer that is the middle of the embryonic germ layers.[AAO] The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG] mesodermal sponges do not seem to have a mesoderm and accordingly Amphimedon lacks transcription factors involved in mesoderm development (Fkh, Gsc, Twist, Snail)[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v466/n7307/full/nature09201.html]. Mesoderm may not be homologous across verteberates UBERON:0003263 AAO:0000304 BILA:0000037 BTO:0000839 CALOHA:TS-0623 EFO:0001981 EHDAA2:0001128 EHDAA:124 EHDAA:160 EHDAA:183 EMAPA:16083 EV:0100006 FBbt:00000126 FMA:69072 GAID:522 MAT:0000174 MESH:A16.254.425.660 MIAA:0000174 NCIT:C12750 TAO:0000041 UMLS:C0025485 VHOG:0000152 XAO:0000050 ZFA:0000041 uberon embryonic mesoderm entire mesoderm mesodermal mantle UBERON:0000926 mesoderm sometimes not considered primary Bgee:AN The middle germ layer of the embryo, between the endoderm and ectoderm. Primary germ layer that is the middle of the embryonic germ layers.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000304 AAO AAO:EJS The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000152 VHOG ISBN:978-0878932504 Gilbert SF, Developmental Biology (2006) Limb development and evolution, p.722 sponges do not seem to have a mesoderm and accordingly Amphimedon lacks transcription factors involved in mesoderm development (Fkh, Gsc, Twist, Snail)[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v466/n7307/full/nature09201.html]. Mesoderm may not be homologous across verteberates UMLS:C0025485 ncithesaurus:Mesoderm embryonic mesoderm VHOG:0000152 entire mesoderm Anterior part of the embryonic digestive tract that develops into a mouth. The stomodeum includes as parts an invagination of the ectoderm and the stomodeal cavity. consider indicating location. e.g. anterior. Note some AOs place this as part of oral opening, but it's not clear when this structure comes into existence Anterior part of the embryonic alimentary canal formed as an invagination of the ectoderm; the future mouth.[TAO] the primordial mouth region of the developing head, initially a midline ectodermal depression between the forebrain bulge (cranially) and the heart bulge (caudally) and between the maxillary and mandibular components of the first pharyngeal arch; the stomodeum is separated from the anterior end of the foregut by the buccopharyngeal membrane; the mouth is developed partly from the stomodeum, and partly from the floor of the anterior portion of the foregut; the lips, teeth, and gums are formed from the walls of the stomodeum, but the tongue is developed in the floor of the pharynx stomodeal This class groups together disparate structures as all being the anterior part of the early metazoan digestive tract and precursor of the mouth. However, the developmental processes vary, so this class may be split in future. E.g. in mammals it is a rostral depression surrounded by prominences. Outgrowth of the prominences produces a stomodeal cavity. stomodeal-hypophyseal primordium BTO:0004224 EHDAA2:0001929 EMAPA:16263 FBbt:00000439 FMA:295846 NCIT:C34306 TAO:0001290 TGMA:0000135 UMLS:C1514977 XAO:0000269 ZFA:0001290 mouth primordium primitive oral cavity stomatodeum stomodaeum uberon mouth pit oral ectoderm oral pit UBERON:0000930 stomodeum Anterior part of the embryonic digestive tract that develops into a mouth. The stomodeum includes as parts an invagination of the ectoderm and the stomodeal cavity. Anterior part of the embryonic alimentary canal formed as an invagination of the ectoderm; the future mouth.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001290 TAO ZFIN:curator the primordial mouth region of the developing head, initially a midline ectodermal depression between the forebrain bulge (cranially) and the heart bulge (caudally) and between the maxillary and mandibular components of the first pharyngeal arch; the stomodeum is separated from the anterior end of the foregut by the buccopharyngeal membrane; the mouth is developed partly from the stomodeum, and partly from the floor of the anterior portion of the foregut; the lips, teeth, and gums are formed from the walls of the stomodeum, but the tongue is developed in the floor of the pharynx MP:0012522 NCBITaxon:40674 stomodeal-hypophyseal primordium XAO:0000269 UMLS:C1514977 ncithesaurus:Stomodeum mouth primordium XAO:0000269 primitive oral cavity stomatodeum mouth pit EMAPA:16263 oral ectoderm ZFA:0001290 ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-100726-23 oral pit EMAPA:16263 A myogenic muscular circulatory organ found in the vertebrate cardiovascular system composed of chambers of cardiac muscle. It is the primary circulatory organ. Blood pumping organ composed of four chambers: sinus venosus, atrium, cardiac ventricle and bulbus arteriosus.[TAO] Part of the circulatory system responsible for pumping blood; composed of three chambers--two atria and one ventricle.[AAO] relationship type change: differentiates_from lateral plate mesoderm (AAO:0010574) CHANGED TO: develops_from lateral plate mesoderm (UBERON:0003081)[AAO] As noted, the hearts of birds and mammals have four chambers that arises from the two chambers (atrium and ventricle) of the fish heart.[well established][VHOG] cardiac AAO:0010210 BILA:0000020 BTO:0000562 CALOHA:TS-0445 EFO:0000815 EHDAA2:0000738 EHDAA:420 EMAPA:16105 EV:0100018 FMA:7088 GAID:174 MA:0000072 MAT:0000036 MESH:D006321 MIAA:0000036 NCIT:C12727 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjvDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000114 UMLS:C0018787 VHOG:0000276 XAO:0000064 ZFA:0000114 galen:Heart chambered heart vertebrate heart branchial heart uberon Herz@de cardium UBERON:0000948 Taxon notes:" the ascidian tube-like heart lacks chambers....The ascidian heart is formed after metamorphosis as a simple tube-like structure with a single-layered myoepithelium that is continuous with a single-layered pericar- dial wall. It lacks chambers and endocardium.... The innovation of the chambered heart was a key event in vertebrate evolution, because the chambered heart generates one-way blood flow with high pressure, a critical requirement for the efficient blood supply of large-body vertebrates... all extant vertebrates have hearts with two or more chambers (Moorman and Christoffels 2003)" DOI:10.1101/gad.1485706 heart MA A myogenic muscular circulatory organ found in the vertebrate cardiovascular system composed of chambers of cardiac muscle. It is the primary circulatory organ. Blood pumping organ composed of four chambers: sinus venosus, atrium, cardiac ventricle and bulbus arteriosus.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000114 TAO ZFIN:curator Part of the circulatory system responsible for pumping blood; composed of three chambers--two atria and one ventricle.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010210 AAO AAO:BJB relationship type change: differentiates_from lateral plate mesoderm (AAO:0010574) CHANGED TO: develops_from lateral plate mesoderm (UBERON:0003081)[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010210 AAO As noted, the hearts of birds and mammals have four chambers that arises from the two chambers (atrium and ventricle) of the fish heart.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000276 VHOG ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.481 UMLS:C0018787 ncithesaurus:Heart chambered heart branchial heart Herz@de BTO:0000562 cardium EMAPA:16105 The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals. Some primitive animals such as jellyfish and starfish have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all. In vertebrates, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell[WP]. requires review for applicability to invertebrate structures, e.g. synganglion Cavitated compound organ which is comprised of gray and white matter and surrounds the cerebral ventricular system.[TAO] Part of the central nervous system situated within the cranium and composed of both nerve cell bodies and nerve fibers.[AAO] The part of the central nervous system contained within the cranium, comprising the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, and metencephalon. It is derived from the anterior part of the embryonic neural tube (or the encephalon). Does not include retina. (CUMBO) (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...) (reference 1); The neural tube is destined to differentiate into the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] AAO:0010478 ABA:Brain BAMS:Br BAMS:Brain BILA:0000135 BIRNLEX:796 BTO:0000142 CALOHA:TS-0095 DHBA:10155 EFO:0000302 EHDAA2:0000183 EHDAA:2641 EHDAA:6485 EMAPA:16894 EV:0100164 FBbt:00005095 FMA:50801 GAID:571 HBA:4005 MA:0000168 MAT:0000098 MBA:8 MBA:997 MESH:D001921 MIAA:0000098 NCIT:C12439 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjT65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA PBA:3999 TAO:0000008 UMLS:C0006104 UMLS:C1269537 VHOG:0000157 XAO:0000010 ZFA:0000008 galen:Brain http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=21 uberon encephalon suprasegmental levels of nervous system suprasegmental structures synganglion the brain UBERON:0000955 brain GO FMA Bgee:AN The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals. Some primitive animals such as jellyfish and starfish have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all. In vertebrates, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell[WP]. Cavitated compound organ which is comprised of gray and white matter and surrounds the cerebral ventricular system.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000008 TAO ZFIN:curator Part of the central nervous system situated within the cranium and composed of both nerve cell bodies and nerve fibers.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010478 AAO AAO:BJB The part of the central nervous system contained within the cranium, comprising the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, and metencephalon. It is derived from the anterior part of the embryonic neural tube (or the encephalon). Does not include retina. (CUMBO) (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...) (reference 1); The neural tube is destined to differentiate into the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000157 VHOG ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28, ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.165 UMLS:C0006104 BIRNLEX:796 UMLS:C0006104 ncithesaurus:Brain UMLS:C1269537 BIRNLEX:796 http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=21 BIRNLEX:796 encephalon BTO:0000142 suprasegmental levels of nervous system NeuroNames:21 suprasegmental structures NeuroNames:21 the brain NeuroNames:21 the transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye that serves as the chief refractory structure corneal Compared to terrestial animals, the cornea of zebrafish is relatively flat. It consists of nonpigmented, stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelial cells, attached to a thick basement membrane that is considered to be analogous to the Bowman's membrane in mammals. In fish, and aquatic vertebrates in general, the cornea plays no role in focusing light, since it has virtually the same refractive index as water AAO:0010344 BTO:0000286 CALOHA:TS-0171 EFO:0000377 EHDAA2:0000316 EHDAA:10199 EMAPA:17161 EV:0100341 FMA:58238 GAID:892 MA:0000266 MESH:D003315 NCIT:C12342 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViBa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000640 UMLS:C0010031 VHOG:0000164 XAO:0000180 ZFA:0000640 cornea of camera-type eye uberon corneas tunica cornea UBERON:0000964 cornea XAO MA MA FMA-isa definitional the transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye that serves as the chief refractory structure ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MESH:A09.371.060.217 MP:0001312 UMLS:C0010031 ncithesaurus:Cornea cornea of camera-type eye GO:0061303 corneas ZFA:0000640 Transparent part of camera-type eye that helps to refract light to be focused on the retina. The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] This class excludes compound eye corneal lenses. AAO:0010348 BTO:0000723 CALOHA:TS-0545 EHDAA:9057 EMAPA:17838 EV:0100343 FMA:58241 MA:0000275 MAT:0000141 MESH:A09.371.509 MIAA:0000141 NCIT:C12743 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVj0fZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000975 TAO:0000035 UMLS:C0023317 VHOG:0000169 XAO:0000008 ZFA:0000035 camera-type eye lens eye lens lens lens crystallina uberon crystalline lens lenses ocular lens UBERON:0000965 The lens is avascular and nourished by diffusion from the aqueous and vitreous lens of camera-type eye Transparent part of camera-type eye that helps to refract light to be focused on the retina. The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000169 VHOG DOI:10.1038/nrn2283 Lamb TD, Collin SP and Pugh EN Jr, Evolution of the vertebrate eye: opsins, photoreceptors, retina and eye cup. Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2007) UMLS:C0023317 ncithesaurus:Crystalline_Lens camera-type eye lens GO:0002088 eye lens lens lens crystallina crystalline lens BTO:0000723 lenses ZFA:0000035 ocular lens BTO:0000723 The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates. The portion of the eye developing from the optic primordium and including the neural retina and the retinal pigment layer. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] retinal AAO:0010352 BAMS:R BIRNLEX:1153 BTO:0001175 CALOHA:TS-0865 EFO:0000832 EHDAA2:0001627 EHDAA:4757 EMAPA:17168 EV:0100348 FMA:58301 GAID:755 MA:0000276 MAT:0000142 MBA:304325711 MESH:D012160 MIAA:0000142 NCIT:C12343 NIFSTD_RETIRED:birnlex_1156 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViTfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000152 UMLS:C0035298 UMLS:C1278894 VHOG:0000229 XAO:0000009 ZFA:0000152 inner layer of eyeball retina of camera-type eye tunica interna of eyeball uberon Netzhaut retinas UBERON:0000966 Currently this class encompasses only verteberate AOs but could in theory also include cephalopod - we may want to make a more specific class for vertebrate retina. note that this class excludes ommatidial retinas, as the retina must be part of an eyeball. Use the parent class photoreceptor array / light-sensitive tissue for arthropods retina EHDAA2 The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates. ZFIN:curator The portion of the eye developing from the optic primordium and including the neural retina and the retinal pigment layer. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000152 TAO ZFIN:curator The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000229 VHOG DOI:10.1038/nrn2283 Lamb TD, Collin SP and Pugh EN Jr, Evolution of the vertebrate eye: opsins, photoreceptors, retina and eye cup. Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2007) UMLS:C0035298 BIRNLEX:1153 UMLS:C0035298 ncithesaurus:Retina UMLS:C1278894 BIRNLEX:1153 retina of camera-type eye GO:0060041 Netzhaut BTO:0001175 retinas ZFA:0000152 An organ that detects light. This class encompasses a variety of light-detecting structures from different phyla with no implication of homology, from the compound insect eye to the vertebrate camera-type eye (distinct classes are provided for each) ocular optic Note that whilst this is classified as an organ, it is in fact more of a unit composed of different structures: in Drosophila, it includes the interommatidial bristle as a part; we consider here the vertebrate eye to include the eyeball/eye proper as a part, with the eye having as parts (when present): eyelids, conjuctiva, BILA:0000017 BTO:0000439 CALOHA:TS-0309 EFO:0000827 EV:0100336 FBbt:00005162 GAID:69 MAT:0000140 MESH:D005123 MIAA:0000140 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViTvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA uberon light-detecting organ visual apparatus UBERON:0000970 eye An organ that detects light. visual apparatus EV:0100336 An organism subdivision that extends from the head to the pectoral girdle, encompassing the cervical vertebral column. true necks are considered to be present when the pectoral girdle is separate from the skull - Tiktaalik is the earliest known fish to have a true neck. cervical AEO:0000108 BTO:0000420 CALOHA:TS-2045 EFO:0000967 EHDAA2:0003108 EMAPA:35587 FMA:7155 GAID:86 MA:0000024 MAT:0000297 MESH:D009333 MIAA:0000297 NCIT:C13063 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjLF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0027530 galen:Neck uberon collum neck (volume) UBERON:0000974 neck An organism subdivision that extends from the head to the pectoral girdle, encompassing the cervical vertebral column. ISBN:9780674021839 UMLS:C0027530 ncithesaurus:Neck collum neck (volume) FMA:7155 Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent skeletal structures, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue[VSAO]. Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue.[VSAO] Anatomical cluster which consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue.[TAO] articulation joint AEO:0000182 BTO:0001686 CALOHA:TS-2023 EFO:0000948 EMAPA:35456 FMA:7490 GAID:102 MA:0000319 MAT:0000188 MESH:D007596 MIAA:0000188 NCIT:C13044 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjjdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003182 TAO:0000367 UMLS:C0022417 VHOG:0001276 VSAO:0000101 XAO:0000171 ZFA:0001596 galen:Joint uberon articular joint joints UBERON:0000982 skeletal joint Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent skeletal structures, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue[VSAO]. GO_REF:0000034 VSAO:0000101 Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue.[VSAO] 2012-08-14 VSAO:0000101 VSAO PSPUB:0000170 Anatomical cluster which consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000367 TAO TAO:pem articulation VSAO:0000101 joint FMA:7490 VSAO:0000101 UMLS:C0022417 ncithesaurus:Joint articular joint BTO:0001686 joints ZFA:0001596 The outer epithelial layer of the skin that is superficial to the dermis. A cellular, multilayered epithelium derived from the ectoderm. Zebrafish epidermis consists only of living cells unlike terrestrial vertebrates in which dead, keratinized cells are present. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] The outer epithelial layer of the external integument of the body that is derived from the embryonic epiblast.[AAO] relationship loss: subclass external integument structures (AAO:0000961)[AAO] (...) outer epithelia in all metazoan animals are homologous. (...) The ancestor of all metazoans likely had an epidermis with a basal extracellular matrix (ECM), an apical extracellular glycocalyx, and one cilium with a striated rootlet per cell.[well established][VHOG] epidermal Zebrafish epidermis consists only of living cells unlike terrestrial vertebrates in which dead, keratinized cells are present. In terrestrial vertebrates the epidermis often forms an outer keratinized or cornified layer, the stratum corneum. Interaction between the epideris and dermis gives rise to feathers (birds), hair and mammary glands (mammals), teeth and scales (placoid: chondrichthyans; cosmoids, ganoid, cycloid in bony fishes). epidermis skin AAO:0000143 BTO:0000404 CALOHA:TS-0283 EFO:0000954 EMAPA:17528 EV:0100153 FMA:70596 GAID:932 MA:0000153 MAT:0000154 MESH:D004817 MIAA:0000154 NCIT:C12708 TAO:0000105 UMLS:C0014520 VHOG:0000077 XAO:0000028 ZFA:0000105 vertebrate epidermis uberon UBERON:0001003 skin epidermis The outer epithelial layer of the skin that is superficial to the dermis. ISBN:0073040584 A cellular, multilayered epithelium derived from the ectoderm. Zebrafish epidermis consists only of living cells unlike terrestrial vertebrates in which dead, keratinized cells are present. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000105 TAO ZFIN:curator The outer epithelial layer of the external integument of the body that is derived from the embryonic epiblast.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000143 AAO AAO:BJB relationship loss: subclass external integument structures (AAO:0000961)[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000143 AAO (...) outer epithelia in all metazoan animals are homologous. (...) The ancestor of all metazoans likely had an epidermis with a basal extracellular matrix (ECM), an apical extracellular glycocalyx, and one cilium with a striated rootlet per cell.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000077 VHOG ISBN:978-0198566694 Schmidt-Rhaesa A, The evolution of organ systems (2007) p.71-72 UMLS:C0014520 ncithesaurus:Epidermis Functional system which consists of structures involved in respiration. The anatomical system in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the organism and its environment.[AAO] There is no doubt that the primitive pattern of vertebrate air-breathing is the buccal pulse pump found in actinopterygian fishes.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0000541 BTO:0000203 CALOHA:TS-1319 EFO:0000804 EHDAA2:0001604 EHDAA:2203 EMAPA:16727 EV:0100036 FMA:7158 GAID:78 MA:0000327 MAT:0000030 MESH:D012137 MIAA:0000030 NCIT:C12779 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjzFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000272 UMLS:C0035237 VHOG:0000202 XAO:0000117 ZFA:0000272 apparatus respiratorius respiratory system uberon Atmungssystem apparatus respiratorius systema respiratorium UBERON:0001004 respiratory system Functional system which consists of structures involved in respiration. The anatomical system in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the organism and its environment.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000541 AAO AAO:BJB There is no doubt that the primitive pattern of vertebrate air-breathing is the buccal pulse pump found in actinopterygian fishes.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000202 VHOG ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.599 and Figure 18-23 UMLS:C0035237 ncithesaurus:Respiratory_System Atmungssystem BTO:0000203 apparatus respiratorius BTO:0000203 systema respiratorium An airway through which respiratory air passes in organisms. This class generically groups trachea and analagous structures throughout metazoa. Consider renaming, as the term could be taken to mean lumen of tracheal system (e.g. in SNOMED). As a grouping class this is quite vague, as it is not clear where the airway begins and ends airway airways FMA:265130 uberon UBERON:0001005 respiratory airway An airway through which respiratory air passes in organisms. airway airways Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs devoted to the ingestion, digestion, and assimilation of food and the discharge of residual wastes. An anatomical system consisting of the alimentary canal and digestive glands responsible for intake, absorption, digestion and excretion of food.[AAO] digestive many anatomy ontologies consider gastrointestinal system synonymous with digestive system. here we follow MA in dividing digestive system into gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary. hepatobiliary includes the liver and biliary tract. species-specific AO classes are categorized according to whether liver is included. For example, XAO includes liver as part of XAO:0000125 alimentary system, so we assume this class is the more generic class AAO:0000129 BILA:0000082 BTO:0000058 CALOHA:TS-1293 EFO:0000793 EV:0100056 FBbt:00005055 FMA:7152 GAID:278 MA:0002431 MAT:0000018 MESH:D004064 MIAA:0000018 TADS:0000170 TAO:0000339 WBbt:0005748 XAO:0000125 ZFA:0000339 galen:DigestiveSystem ncithesaurus:Digestive_System uberon alimentary system alimentary tract gastrointestinal system gut UBERON:0001007 digestive system Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs devoted to the ingestion, digestion, and assimilation of food and the discharge of residual wastes. FB:gg NLM:alimentary+system An anatomical system consisting of the alimentary canal and digestive glands responsible for intake, absorption, digestion and excretion of food.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000129 AAO AAO:BJB many anatomy ontologies consider gastrointestinal system synonymous with digestive system. here we follow MA in dividing digestive system into gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary. hepatobiliary includes the liver and biliary tract. species-specific AO classes are categorized according to whether liver is included. For example, XAO includes liver as part of XAO:0000125 alimentary system, so we assume this class is the more generic class MA organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis[WP]. the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system are parts of the circulatory system Anatomical system of ion binding, a pumping mechanism, and an efficient vascular system; consisting of the blood, heart, and blood and lymph vessels, respectively.[AAO] We should divest ourselves of the view that earlier vertebrate groups were 'on their way' to becoming mammals, as clearly they were not such visionaries. Neither were their systems 'imperfect' as earlier anatomists thought. Instead, their circulatory systems served them well to address the ecological demands arising from their lifestyles.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0000959 CALOHA:TS-2103 FBbt:00005057 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjzG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA VHOG:0001248 uberon systema cardiovasculare UBERON:0001009 circulatory system organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis[WP]. WBbt coelomocyte currently classified as circulating cell Anatomical system of ion binding, a pumping mechanism, and an efficient vascular system; consisting of the blood, heart, and blood and lymph vessels, respectively.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000959 AAO AAO:BJB We should divest ourselves of the view that earlier vertebrate groups were 'on their way' to becoming mammals, as clearly they were not such visionaries. Neither were their systems 'imperfect' as earlier anatomists thought. Instead, their circulatory systems served them well to address the ecological demands arising from their lifestyles.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001248 VHOG ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.493 systema cardiovasculare Portion of connective tissue composed of adipocytes enmeshed in areolar tissue Connective tissue in which fat is stored.[TAO] Tissue that contains adipocytes, used for cushioning, thermal insulation, lubrication (primarily in the pericardium) and energy storage.[AAO] relationship loss: subclass connective tissue proper (AAO:0000099)[AAO] Adipose tissue is unique to vertebrates. It is found in mostmammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, and a variety is found in some species of fish. Furthermore, in insects the fat body found in larvae as well as in adults shares some homology with adipose tissue.[well established][VHOG] adipose In humans, adipose tissue is located beneath the skin (subcutaneous fat), around internal organs (visceral fat), in bone marrow (yellow bone marrow) and in breast tissue. Adipose tissue is found in specific locations, which are referred to as adipose depots. Adipose tissue contains several cell types, with the highest percentage of cells being adipocytes, which contain fat droplets. Other cell types include fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Adipose tissue contains many small blood vessels.; Mice have eight major adipose depots, four of which are within the abdominal cavity. The paired gonadal depots are attached to the uterus and ovaries in females and the epididymis and testes in males; the paired retroperitoneal depots are found along the dorsal wall of the abdomen, surrounding the kidney, and, when massive, extend into the pelvis. The mesenteric depot forms a glue-like web that supports the intestines, and the omental depot, which originates near the stomach and spleen, and, when massive, extends into the ventral abdomen. in FMA this is dense irregular connective tissue AAO:0000001 AEO:000020 BTO:0001487 CALOHA:TS-0013 EFO:0000790 EHDAA2:0003120 EMAPA:35112 EV:0100381 FMA:20110 GAID:920 MA:0000009 MAT:0000015 MESH:D000273 MIAA:0000015 NCIT:C12472 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjc_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0002134 UMLS:C0001527 VHOG:0001284 XAO:0003049 ZFA:0005345 galen:FattyTissue fat fat tissue fatty tissue uberon adipose bodyfat fatty depot UBERON:0001013 adipose tissue FMA Portion of connective tissue composed of adipocytes enmeshed in areolar tissue MESH:A10.165.114 MGI:cwg MP:0000003 Connective tissue in which fat is stored.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0002134 TAO ZFIN:curator Tissue that contains adipocytes, used for cushioning, thermal insulation, lubrication (primarily in the pericardium) and energy storage.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000001 AAO AAO:LAP relationship loss: subclass connective tissue proper (AAO:0000099)[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000001 AAO Adipose tissue is unique to vertebrates. It is found in mostmammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, and a variety is found in some species of fish. Furthermore, in insects the fat body found in larvae as well as in adults shares some homology with adipose tissue.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001284 VHOG DOI:10.1017/S0029665107005423 Haugen F, Drevon CA, The interplay between nutrients and the adipose tissue. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society (2007) in FMA this is dense irregular connective tissue FMA UMLS:C0001527 ncithesaurus:Adipose_Tissue fat MA:0000009 adipose BTO:0001487 bodyfat BTO:0001487 A subdivision of the muscular system corresponding to a subdisivision of an organism. In FMA this is classified as a set of organs. ZFA musculature system has subtypes, so it is classified here. WBbt muscular system has subtypes so it goes here. Note that we use the MA term set of skeletal muscles here as it seems most appropriate (*not* MA:musculature). AAO is generally confused here. AAO:0011066 BTO:0000887 EFO:0001949 EMAPA:32715 EMAPA:35577 FMA:32558 MA:0000165 NCIT:C13056 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjmr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000548 UMLS:C0026845 VSAO:0005038 WBbt:0005737 ZFA:0000548 muscle group muscles set musculature musculi set of muscles set of skeletal muscles uberon muscle system muscles musculature system UBERON:0001015 musculature A subdivision of the muscular system corresponding to a subdisivision of an organism. In FMA this is classified as a set of organs. ZFA musculature system has subtypes, so it is classified here. WBbt muscular system has subtypes so it goes here. Note that we use the MA term set of skeletal muscles here as it seems most appropriate (*not* MA:musculature). AAO is generally confused here. FMA UMLS:C0026845 ncithesaurus:Muscle musculi FMA:32558 FMA:TA set of muscles FMA:32558 set of skeletal muscles MA:0000165 The nervous system is an organ system containing predominantly neuron and glial cells. In bilaterally symmetrical organism, it is arranged in a network of tree-like structures connected to a central body. The main functions of the nervous system are to regulate and control body functions, and to receive sensory input, process this information, and generate behavior [CUMBO]. A regulatory system of the body that consists of neurons and neuroglial cells. The nervous system is divided into two parts, the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO] Anatomical system consisting of nerve bodies and nerve fibers which regulate the response of the body to external and internal stimuli.[AAO] Nervous systems evolved in the ancestor of Eumetazoa.[well established][VHOG] nervous neural AAO:0000324 BILA:0000079 BIRNLEX:844 BTO:0001484 CALOHA:TS-1313 EFO:0000802 EHDAA2:0001246 EHDAA:826 EMAPA:16469 EV:0100162 FBbt:00005093 FMA:7157 GAID:466 MA:0000016 MAT:0000026 MESH:D009420 MIAA:0000026 NCIT:C12755 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViT_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000396 UMLS:C0027763 VHOG:0000402 WBbt:0005735 XAO:0000177 ZFA:0000396 neurological system nerve net uberon systema nervosum UBERON:0001016 nervous system Bgee:AN The nervous system is an organ system containing predominantly neuron and glial cells. In bilaterally symmetrical organism, it is arranged in a network of tree-like structures connected to a central body. The main functions of the nervous system are to regulate and control body functions, and to receive sensory input, process this information, and generate behavior [CUMBO]. BIRNLEX:844 ISBN:0-14-051288-8 ISBN:3110148986 NLM:nervous+system WB:rynl ZFIN:curator A regulatory system of the body that consists of neurons and neuroglial cells. The nervous system is divided into two parts, the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000396 TAO ZFIN:curator Anatomical system consisting of nerve bodies and nerve fibers which regulate the response of the body to external and internal stimuli.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000324 AAO AAO:BJB Nervous systems evolved in the ancestor of Eumetazoa.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000402 VHOG ISBN:978-0198566694 Schmidt-Rhaesa A, The evolution of organ systems (2007) p.117 UMLS:C0027763 ncithesaurus:Nervous_System neurological system GO:0050877 nerve net systema nervosum The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the neural tube derivatives: the brain and spinal cord. In invertebrates it includes central ganglia plus nerve cord. Part of the nervous system which includes the brain and spinal cord.[AAO] The brain and spinal cord. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system which includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerve cell layer of the retina (CUMBO). (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...) (reference 1); The neural tube is destined to differentiate into the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) (reference 2); Taken together, our data make a very strong case that the complex molecular mediolateral architecture of the developing trunk CNS (central nervous system), as shared between Platynereis and vertebrates, was already present in their last common ancestor, Urbilateria. The concept of bilaterian nervous system centralization implies that neuron types concentrate on one side of the trunk, as is the case in vertebrates and many invertebrates including Platynereis, where they segregate and become spatially organized (as opposed to a diffuse nerve net). Our data reveal that a large part of the spatial organization of the annelid and vertebrate CNS was already present in their last common ancestor, which implies that Urbilateria had already possessed a CNS (reference 3).[well established][VHOG] AAO:0000090 BAMS:CNS BILA:0000080 BIRNLEX:1099 BTO:0000227 CALOHA:TS-0150 EFO:0000908 EHDAA2:0000225 EHDAA:828 EMAPA:16470 EMAPA:16754 EV:0100163 FBbt:00005094 FMA:55675 GAID:570 MA:0000167 MAT:0000457 MESH:D002490 NCIT:C12438 OpenCyc:Mx4rvzYt3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000012 UMLS:C0927232 VHOG:0000293 XAO:0000215 ZFA:0000012 CNS systema nervosum centrale cerebrospinal axis uberon neuraxis UBERON:0001017 central nervous system FBbt cjm Bgee:AN The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the neural tube derivatives: the brain and spinal cord. In invertebrates it includes central ganglia plus nerve cord. GO:0021551 Part of the nervous system which includes the brain and spinal cord.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000090 AAO AAO:BJB The brain and spinal cord. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000012 TAO ZFIN:curator The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system which includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerve cell layer of the retina (CUMBO). BIRNLEX:1099 (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...) (reference 1); The neural tube is destined to differentiate into the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) (reference 2); Taken together, our data make a very strong case that the complex molecular mediolateral architecture of the developing trunk CNS (central nervous system), as shared between Platynereis and vertebrates, was already present in their last common ancestor, Urbilateria. The concept of bilaterian nervous system centralization implies that neuron types concentrate on one side of the trunk, as is the case in vertebrates and many invertebrates including Platynereis, where they segregate and become spatially organized (as opposed to a diffuse nerve net). Our data reveal that a large part of the spatial organization of the annelid and vertebrate CNS was already present in their last common ancestor, which implies that Urbilateria had already possessed a CNS (reference 3).[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000293 VHOG ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28 (reference 1), ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.165 (reference 2), DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2007.02.040 Denes AS, Jekely G, Steinmetz PRH, Raible F, Snyman H, Prud'homme B, Ferrier DEK, Balavoine G and Arendt D, Molecular architecture of annelid nerve cord supports common origin of nervous system centralization in Bilateria. Cell (2007) (reference 3) UMLS:C0927232 BIRNLEX:1099 UMLS:C0927232 ncithesaurus:Central_Nervous_System CNS systema nervosum centrale FMA:55675 FMA:TA cerebrospinal axis FMA:55675 neuraxis FMA:55675 Anatomical system that overlaps the nervous system and is responsible for receiving and processing sensory information. An early step in the evolution of neural crest, therefore, may have been the origin of a specific dorsal neural cell population contributing to sensory processing; this would predate the divergence of the amphioxus and vertebrate lineages.[well established][VHOG] note the distinct between entire sensory system and individual system. this reconciles is_a and part_of distinctions between ssAOs AAO:0000555 BAMS:SEN BILA:0000099 EFO:0000805 EHDAA2:0003094 EMAPA:16192 FBbt:00007692 FMA:75259 MA:0002442 MAT:0000031 MIAA:0000031 NLXANAT:090816 TAO:0000282 VHOG:0001674 XAO:0003194 ZFA:0000282 organa sensuum sense organ subsystem sense organs sense organs set sensory subsystem sensory systems uberon organa sensuum sensory organ system set of sense organs UBERON:0001032 sensory system Anatomical system that overlaps the nervous system and is responsible for receiving and processing sensory information. An early step in the evolution of neural crest, therefore, may have been the origin of a specific dorsal neural cell population contributing to sensory processing; this would predate the divergence of the amphioxus and vertebrate lineages.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001674 VHOG DOI:10.1073/pnas.97.9.4449 Shimeld SM and Holland PW. Vertebrate innovations. PNAS (2000) organa sensuum FMA:75259 FMA:TA sense organs FMA:75259 sense organs set FMA:75259 sensory systems TAO:0000282 organa sensuum set of sense organs FMA:75259 Anterior subdivision of a digestive tract. Note we define this generically to include invertebrates (partly for consistency with GO), but the class may be split in future. In vertebrates the term may refer to a developmental structure The anterior portion of the primitive digestive tube of the embryo that lies cephalic to the junction of the yolk stalk, consists of endodermal tissue, and gives rise to the the pharynx, lower respiratory system, esophagus, stomach, duodenum proximal to the biliary tract, liver, pancreas, biliary tract, and gall bladder. The bilaterian gut is typically a complete tube that opens to the exterior at both ends. It consists of mouth, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and anus (reference 1); Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011042 BILA:0000085 BTO:0000507 EHDAA2:0000557 EHDAA:520 EMAPA:16548 FBbt:00005379 FMA:45616 MA:0001526 NCIT:C34180 TGMA:0001014 UMLS:C0231051 VHOG:0000285 XAO:0000232 uberon praeenteron proenteron UBERON:0001041 foregut Anterior subdivision of a digestive tract. The anterior portion of the primitive digestive tube of the embryo that lies cephalic to the junction of the yolk stalk, consists of endodermal tissue, and gives rise to the the pharynx, lower respiratory system, esophagus, stomach, duodenum proximal to the biliary tract, liver, pancreas, biliary tract, and gall bladder. MP:0000474 The bilaterian gut is typically a complete tube that opens to the exterior at both ends. It consists of mouth, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and anus (reference 1); Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000285 VHOG ISBN:978-0030259821 Ruppert EE, Fox RS, Barnes RD, Invertebrate zoology: a functional evolutionary approach (2003) p.203, ISBN:978-0521617147 Stevens CE and Hume ID, Comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system (2004) p.11 UMLS:C0231051 ncithesaurus:Foregut praeenteron proenteron A portion of the respiratory and digestive tracts; its distal limit is the superior part of the esophagus and it connects the nasal and oral cavities with the esophagus and larynx; it contains the valleculae and the pyriform recesses; its upper limits are the nasal cavity and cranial base.[FEED]. A funnel-shaped fibromuscular tube that conducts food to the ESOPHAGUS, and air to the LARYNYX and LUNGS. It is located posterior to the NASAL CAVITY; ORAL CAVITY; and LARYNX, and extends from the SKULL BASE to the inferior border of the CRICOID CARTILAGE anteriorly and to the inferior border of the C6 vertebra posteriorly. It is divided into the NASOPHARYNX; OROPHARYNX; and HYPOPHARYNX (laryngopharynx)[MESH:A03.867]. Anatomical cavity bounded by the derivatives of the branchial arches.[AAO] Swollen region of the anterior foregut, posterior to the mouth and anterior to the liver; its walls form the jaws and gills. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] Swollen region of the anterior foregut, posterior to the mouth and anterior to the liver; its walls form the jaws and gills[ZFA:0000056, ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576]. The portion of the alimentary canal between the mouth and the oesophagus. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] relationship type change: part_of_proxy respiratory system (AAO:0000541) CHANGED TO: develops_from respiratory system (UBERON:0001004)[AAO] relationship type change: part_of_proxy respiratory system (AAO:0000541) CHANGED TO: part_of respiratory system (UBERON:0001004)[AAO] (...) the earliest vertebrates possessed unjointed internal and external branchial arches, and musculature encircling the pharynx.[well established][VHOG] MA/FMA pharynx not part of digestive/alimentary system, we are consistent with this scheme pharynx AAO:0000967 BTO:0001049 CALOHA:TS-0785 EFO:0000836 EHDAA2:0001458 EHDAA:2947 EMAPA:16706 EV:0100065 FMA:46688 GAID:155 MA:0000432 MESH:A03.867 NCIT:C12425 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViv7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000056 UMLS:C0031354 VHOG:0000462 XAO:0003227 ZFA:0000056 galen:Pharynx uberon UBERON:0001042 Consider generalizing to deuterostome pharynx chordate pharynx EHDAA2 A portion of the respiratory and digestive tracts; its distal limit is the superior part of the esophagus and it connects the nasal and oral cavities with the esophagus and larynx; it contains the valleculae and the pyriform recesses; its upper limits are the nasal cavity and cranial base.[FEED]. A funnel-shaped fibromuscular tube that conducts food to the ESOPHAGUS, and air to the LARYNYX and LUNGS. It is located posterior to the NASAL CAVITY; ORAL CAVITY; and LARYNX, and extends from the SKULL BASE to the inferior border of the CRICOID CARTILAGE anteriorly and to the inferior border of the C6 vertebra posteriorly. It is divided into the NASOPHARYNX; OROPHARYNX; and HYPOPHARYNX (laryngopharynx)[MESH:A03.867]. MESH:A03.867 Anatomical cavity bounded by the derivatives of the branchial arches.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000967 AAO AAO:EJS Swollen region of the anterior foregut, posterior to the mouth and anterior to the liver; its walls form the jaws and gills. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000056 TAO ZFIN:curator Swollen region of the anterior foregut, posterior to the mouth and anterior to the liver; its walls form the jaws and gills[ZFA:0000056, ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576]. ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576 The portion of the alimentary canal between the mouth and the oesophagus. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000462 VHOG relationship type change: part_of_proxy respiratory system (AAO:0000541) CHANGED TO: develops_from respiratory system (UBERON:0001004)[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000967 AAO relationship type change: part_of_proxy respiratory system (AAO:0000541) CHANGED TO: part_of respiratory system (UBERON:0001004)[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000967 AAO (...) the earliest vertebrates possessed unjointed internal and external branchial arches, and musculature encircling the pharynx.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000462 VHOG ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) Box essay 13.1 and Box figure I, p.502-503 MA/FMA pharynx not part of digestive/alimentary system, we are consistent with this scheme MA pharynx FMA:46688 UMLS:C0031354 ncithesaurus:Pharynx Primordia are populations of contiguous cells that are morphologically distinct and already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue[FBbt, Hartenstein, V. (2004)]. AEO:0000171 BTO:0001886 EFO:0001652 EHDAA2:0003171 FBbt:00005495 FMA:86589 MAT:0000482 NCIT:C34275 UMLS:C0678727 XAO:0003043 uberon bud future organ placode primordia rudiment UBERON:0001048 primordium EHDAA2 Primordia are populations of contiguous cells that are morphologically distinct and already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue[FBbt, Hartenstein, V. (2004)]. BTO:0001886 FB:DJS FB:FBrf0089570 UMLS:C0678727 ncithesaurus:Primordium placode FBbt:00005495 primordia XAO:0003043 In the developing vertebrate, the neural tube is the embryo's precursor to the central nervous system, which comprises the brain and spinal cord. The neural groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a closed tube, the neural tube or neural canal (which strictly speaking is the center of the neural tube), the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system. [WP,unvetted]. Hollow epithelial tube on dorsal side of the embryo that develops into the central nervous system.[AAO] The dorsal tubular structure in the vertebrate embryo that develops into the brain and spinal cord. [TFD][VHOG] (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] The mature structure of the neural tube exists when the tube has been segmented into the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord regions. In addition neural crest has budded away from the epithelium AAO:0010617 BTO:0001057 CALOHA:TS-2371 DHBA:10154 EHDAA2:0001254 EHDAA:2869 EHDAA:908 EMAPA:16164 EMAPA:16757 FMA:293882 MAT:0000069 MIAA:0000069 NCIT:C34226 TAO:0001135 UMLS:C0231024 VHOG:0000307 XAO:0003204 ZFA:0001135 uberon neural primordium presumptive central nervous system tubus neuralis UBERON:0001049 neural tube EHDAA2 In the developing vertebrate, the neural tube is the embryo's precursor to the central nervous system, which comprises the brain and spinal cord. The neural groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a closed tube, the neural tube or neural canal (which strictly speaking is the center of the neural tube), the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system. [WP,unvetted]. Hollow epithelial tube on dorsal side of the embryo that develops into the central nervous system.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010617 AAO AAO:JOR The dorsal tubular structure in the vertebrate embryo that develops into the brain and spinal cord. [TFD][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000307 VHOG (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000307 VHOG ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28 The mature structure of the neural tube exists when the tube has been segmented into the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord regions. In addition neural crest has budded away from the epithelium GO:0021915 UMLS:C0231024 ncithesaurus:Neural_Tube tubus neuralis Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. AAO:0010841 AEO:0000000 BILA:0000000 BIRNLEX:6 CARO:0000000 EHDAA2:0002229 FBbt:10000000 FBbt_root:00000000 FMA:62955 HAO:0000000 MA:0000001 NCIT:C12219 TAO:0100000 TGMA:0001822 UMLS:C1515976 WBbt:0000100 XAO:0000000 ZFA:0100000 uberon UBERON:0001062 anatomical entity Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. FMA:62955 UMLS:C1515976 ncithesaurus:Anatomic_Structure_System_or_Substance A zone of skin that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. TODO - distinguish between entire skin of region and arbitrary zone of skin on region EMAPA:36392 FMA:10462 FMA:22985 MA:0000498 back skin back zone of skin skin, dorsal region zone of skin of back uberon UBERON:0001068 skin of back MA MA A zone of skin that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic back zone of skin OBOL:automatic skin, dorsal region zone of skin of back OBOL:automatic A terminal branch of the left or right common carotid artery which supplies oxygenated blood to to the throat, neck glands, tongue, face, mouth, ear, scalp and dura mater of the meninges[MP] not homologous to the external carotid of zebrafish (Goodrich, 1958) - http://zfish.nichd.nih.gov/zfatlas/Intro%20Page/comparative.html; check XAO AAO:0010218 AAO:0010416 BTO:0004696 EFO:0001953 EHDAA2:0000461 EMAPA:18611 FMA:10635 GAID:480 MA:0001929 MESH:D002342 NCIT:C32551 OpenCyc:Mx4rwVJkPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0007275 VHOG:0000265 XAO:0000345 external carotid uberon arteria carotis externa UBERON:0001070 external carotid artery https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3486863&group_id=76834&atid=1127722 MA FMA EHDAA2 FMA A terminal branch of the left or right common carotid artery which supplies oxygenated blood to to the throat, neck glands, tongue, face, mouth, ear, scalp and dura mater of the meninges[MP] MGI:anna UMLS:C0007275 ncithesaurus:External_Carotid_Artery external carotid AAO:0010218 arteria carotis externa It ascends beneath the anterior margin of the trapezius, distributing branches to it, and to the neighboring muscles and lymph glands in the neck, and anastomosing with the superficial branch of the descending branch of the occipital artery. EMAPA:37117 FMA:10665 MA:0002052 NCIT:C53005 UMLS:C0226271 superficial branch of transverse cervical artery uberon UBERON:0001071 The transverse cervical artery splits into two branches, a superficial one and a deep one[WP] superficial cervical artery It ascends beneath the anterior margin of the trapezius, distributing branches to it, and to the neighboring muscles and lymph glands in the neck, and anastomosing with the superficial branch of the descending branch of the occipital artery. EMAPA:37117 MA:th UMLS:C0226271 ncithesaurus:Superficial_Cervical_Artery superficial branch of transverse cervical artery A zone of skin that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. TODO - distinguish between entire skin of region and arbitrary zone of skin on region FMA:12166 FMA:24756 MA:0000582 NCIT:C52757 UMLS:C0205029 adult head zone of skin head skin head zone of skin zone of skin of adult head zone of skin of head uberon UBERON:0001084 skin of head A zone of skin that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic UMLS:C0205029 ncithesaurus:Head_Skin adult head zone of skin OBOL:automatic head zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of adult head OBOL:automatic zone of skin of head OBOL:automatic A zone of skin that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. TODO - distinguish between entire skin of region and arbitrary zone of skin on region EMAPA:37278 FMA:12167 FMA:23093 MA:0000517 NCIT:C12295 UMLS:C0205031 torso zone of skin trunk skin trunk zone of skin zone of skin of torso zone of skin of trunk uberon UBERON:0001085 skin of trunk A zone of skin that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:37278 MA:th UMLS:C0205031 ncithesaurus:Skin_of_the_Trunk torso zone of skin OBOL:automatic trunk zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of torso OBOL:automatic zone of skin of trunk OBOL:automatic Joint fluid is a transudate of plasma that is actively secreted by synovial cells. Portion of organism substance that is a clear fluid that occupies the space in synovial joints.[TAO] It provides nutrients and lubrication for articular cartilage The fluid contains hyaluronan secreted by fibroblast-like cells in the synovial membrane, lubricin (proteoglycan 4; PRG4) secreted by the surface chondrocytes of the articular cartilage and interstitial fluid filtered from the blood plasma BTO:0001339 CALOHA:TS-0996 ENVO:02000039 FMA:12277 GAID:265 MA:0002544 MESH:D013582 NCIT:C33718 TAO:0005154 UMLS:C0039097 ZFA:0005154 galen:SynovialFluid joint fluid uberon UBERON:0001090 synovial fluid FMA Joint fluid is a transudate of plasma that is actively secreted by synovial cells. Portion of organism substance that is a clear fluid that occupies the space in synovial joints.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0005154 TAO ZFIN:curator UMLS:C0039097 ncithesaurus:Synovial_Fluid joint fluid Muscle tissue which is unstriated, composed primarily of smooth muscle fibers surrounded by a reticulum of collagen and elastic fibers. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length[GO]. A non-striated muscle that is composed of spindle-shaped cells. Smooth muscle usually is organized into sheets that line cavitated organs.[TAO] Involuntary muscle tissue consisting of uninucleate spindle-shaped fibers.[AAO] (...) the first bilateral animals possessed only smooth muscles with the molecular repertoire necessary to build a striated muscle. (...) it is more parsimonious to regard striated muscle cells as a sister cell type to the smooth muscle cells. In this scenario, striated and smooth muscles would have arisen in the stem lineage that led to the Nephrozoa (i.e. all Bilateria exclusive the acoelomorphs) (Hejnol et al., 2009), from an 'acoel-like' smooth muscle, by segregation and divergence of functions and through differential recruitment of additional genes[well established][VHOG] GO uses visceral and smooth interchangeably. However visceral can also be used in the sense of the viscera. Many fly annotations to smooth muscle terms. If we want to be inclusive of insects have to have a general definition of tissue that includes cells. AAO:0010244 AEO:0000141 BTO:0001260 CALOHA:TS-0943 EFO:0000889 EHDAA2:0003141 EMAPA:32717 EV:0100378 FBbt:00003525 FMA:14070 GAID:167 MA:0000166 MAT:0000303 MESH:D009130 MIAA:0000303 NCIT:C12437 OpenCyc:Mx4rvvSS3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0005274 UMLS:C1267092 VHOG:0001246 WBbt:0005781 XAO:0000175 ZFA:0005274 galen:SmoothMuscle galen:SmoothMuscleTissue involuntary muscle non-striated muscle smooth muscle textus muscularis nonstriatus visceral muscle visceral muscle tissue uberon textus muscularis levis; textus muscularis nonstriatus UBERON:0001135 smooth muscle tissue Muscle tissue which is unstriated, composed primarily of smooth muscle fibers surrounded by a reticulum of collagen and elastic fibers. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length[GO]. GO:0006939 A non-striated muscle that is composed of spindle-shaped cells. Smooth muscle usually is organized into sheets that line cavitated organs.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0005274 TAO ZFIN:curator Involuntary muscle tissue consisting of uninucleate spindle-shaped fibers.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010244 AAO AAO:CAM (...) the first bilateral animals possessed only smooth muscles with the molecular repertoire necessary to build a striated muscle. (...) it is more parsimonious to regard striated muscle cells as a sister cell type to the smooth muscle cells. In this scenario, striated and smooth muscles would have arisen in the stem lineage that led to the Nephrozoa (i.e. all Bilateria exclusive the acoelomorphs) (Hejnol et al., 2009), from an 'acoel-like' smooth muscle, by segregation and divergence of functions and through differential recruitment of additional genes[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001246 VHOG DOI:10.1002/jez.b.21416 Chiodin M, Achatz JG, Wanninger A, Martinez P, Molecular architecture of muscles in an acoel and its evolutionary implications. Journal of Experimental Zoology (2011) UMLS:C1267092 ncithesaurus:Smooth_Muscle_Tissue textus muscularis nonstriatus FMA:14070 FMA:TA visceral muscle visceral muscle tissue textus muscularis levis; textus muscularis nonstriatus Simple squamous epithelium of mesodermal origin which lines serous membranes. Examples: mesothelium of pleura, mesothelium of peritoneum[FMA]. Wikipedia: The mesothelium is a membrane that forms the lining of several body cavities: the pleura (thoracal cavity), peritoneum (abdominal cavity including the mesentery) and pericardium (heart sac). Mesothelial tissue also surrounds the male internal reproductive organs (the tunica vaginalis testis) and covers the internal reproductive organs of women (the tunica serosa uteri). AEO:0000111 BTO:0002422 CALOHA:TS-1183 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003111 EHDAA:2331 EHDAA:2349 EHDAA:295 EHDAA:6073 EHDAA:640 EHDAA:646 EMAPA:32856 FMA:14074 MA:0000565 NCIT:C33105 UMLS:C0086610 uberon UBERON:0001136 mesothelium Simple squamous epithelium of mesodermal origin which lines serous membranes. Examples: mesothelium of pleura, mesothelium of peritoneum[FMA]. Wikipedia: The mesothelium is a membrane that forms the lining of several body cavities: the pleura (thoracal cavity), peritoneum (abdominal cavity including the mesentery) and pericardium (heart sac). Mesothelial tissue also surrounds the male internal reproductive organs (the tunica vaginalis testis) and covers the internal reproductive organs of women (the tunica serosa uteri). FMA:14074 UMLS:C0086610 ncithesaurus:Mesothelium A major subdivision of an organism that is the entire part of the organism dorsal to a horizontal plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane. In vertebrares this includes the vertebral column.. dorsal In humans, called the back, a large posterior area of the human body, rising from the top of the buttocks to the back of the neck and the shoulders. It is the surface opposite to the chest, its height being defined by the vertebral column (commonly referred to as the spine or backbone) and its breadth being supported by the ribcage and shoulders. The spinal canal runs through the spine and provides nerves to the rest of the body BTO:0001713 CALOHA:TS-2223 EFO:0001405 FMA:14181 GAID:30 MESH:A01.176 NCIT:C13062 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkEU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0004600 galen:Back back back of body proper dorsal part of organism uberon UBERON:0001137 dorsum A major subdivision of an organism that is the entire part of the organism dorsal to a horizontal plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane. In vertebrares this includes the vertebral column.. BSPO:0000063 UBERONREF:0000006 UMLS:C0004600 ncithesaurus:Back back FMA:14181 back of body proper FMA:14181 A zone of skin that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:37277 FMA:23021 FMA:23022 MA:0000590 NCIT:C52756 UMLS:C0205030 neck (volume) zone of skin neck skin neck zone of skin zone of skin of neck zone of skin of neck (volume) uberon UBERON:0001417 skin of neck A zone of skin that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:37277 MA:th UMLS:C0205030 ncithesaurus:Neck_Skin neck (volume) zone of skin OBOL:automatic neck zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of neck OBOL:automatic zone of skin of neck (volume) OBOL:automatic A zone of skin that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:37765 FMA:23028 FMA:23029 MA:0000564 thoracic skin thorax skin thorax zone of skin zone of skin of thorax uberon upper body skin UBERON:0001418 skin of thorax A zone of skin that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:37765 MA:th thorax zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of thorax OBOL:automatic Anatomical system that is a multi-element, multi-tissue anatomical cluster that consists of the skeleton and the articular system. Anatomical system consisting of multiple elements and tissues that provides physical support.[TAO] Anatomical system that is a multi-element, multi-tissue anatomical cluster that consists of the skeleton and the articular system.[VSAO] System that provides physical support to the organism.[AAO] By taking a holistic approach, integration of the evidence from molecular and developmental features of model organisms, the phylogenetic distribution in the 'new animal phylogeny' and the earliest fossilized remains of mineralized animal skeletons suggests independent origins of the skeleton at the phylum level.[debated][VHOG] skeletal GO defines skeletal system very generically: The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton) GO:0001501; however, all annotations are to vertebrates AAO:0000566 BTO:0001486 CALOHA:TS-1320 EFO:0000806 EHDAA2:0003168 EMAPA:35773 FMA:23881 MA:0000018 NCIT:C12788 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi1rpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000434 UMLS:C0037253 VHOG:0001254 VSAO:0000027 XAO:0003060 ZFA:0000434 skeleton system set of all bones and joints uberon Skelettsystem UBERON:0001434 skeletal system https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-skeletal-system Anatomical system that is a multi-element, multi-tissue anatomical cluster that consists of the skeleton and the articular system. GO_REF:0000034 VSAO:0000027 Anatomical system consisting of multiple elements and tissues that provides physical support.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000434 TAO TAO:wd Anatomical system that is a multi-element, multi-tissue anatomical cluster that consists of the skeleton and the articular system.[VSAO] 2012-08-14 VSAO:0000027 VSAO GO_REF:0000034, http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 PSPUB:0000170 System that provides physical support to the organism.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000566 AAO AAO:LAP By taking a holistic approach, integration of the evidence from molecular and developmental features of model organisms, the phylogenetic distribution in the 'new animal phylogeny' and the earliest fossilized remains of mineralized animal skeletons suggests independent origins of the skeleton at the phylum level.[debated][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001254 VHOG DOI:10.1159/000324245 Donoghue PCJ, Sansom IJ, Origin and early evolution of vertebrate skeletonization. Microscopy research and technique (2002) GO defines skeletal system very generically: The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton) GO:0001501; however, all annotations are to vertebrates GO UMLS:C0037253 ncithesaurus:Skeletal_System set of all bones and joints Skelettsystem BTO:0001486 FMA:24218 XAO:0000040 head subdivision uberon head region region of head UBERON:0001444 subdivision of head A subdivision of the head that has as parts the layers deep to the surface of the anterior surface, including the mouth, eyes, and nose (when present). In vertebrates, this includes the facial skeleton and structures superficial to the facial skeleton (cheeks, mouth, eyeballs, skin of face, etc). Subdivision of head which consists of the viscerocranium and all layers superficial to it. Examples: There is only one face. The area that extends from the median ocellus to the oral foramen[HAO]. facial The face develops from outward growth of tissue located rostral to the cranium & pharynx. The lower jaw and most of the upper jaw are formed by growth of the first pharyngeal (branchial) arch. The upper incisor region and the nose and forehead (frontal region) are formed from tissue located rostral to the neural tube (frontonasal prominence) BTO:0003369 CALOHA:TS-2216 EMAPA:32763 FMA:24728 GAID:64 HAO:0000316 MA:0002473 MESH:D005145 NCIT:C13071 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi5GZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0015450 galen:Face uberon facia/facies visage UBERON:0001456 face A subdivision of the head that has as parts the layers deep to the surface of the anterior surface, including the mouth, eyes, and nose (when present). In vertebrates, this includes the facial skeleton and structures superficial to the facial skeleton (cheeks, mouth, eyeballs, skin of face, etc). Subdivision of head which consists of the viscerocranium and all layers superficial to it. Examples: There is only one face. FMA:24728 The area that extends from the median ocellus to the oral foramen[HAO]. HAO:0000316 NCBITaxon:7399 The face develops from outward growth of tissue located rostral to the cranium & pharynx. The lower jaw and most of the upper jaw are formed by growth of the first pharyngeal (branchial) arch. The upper incisor region and the nose and forehead (frontal region) are formed from tissue located rostral to the neural tube (frontonasal prominence) vanat.cvm.umn.edu/TFFlectPDFs/LectFaceDevelop.pdf UMLS:C0015450 ncithesaurus:Face facia/facies visage BTO:0003369 A zone of skin that is part of a lip [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:37643 FMA:24764 MA:0001579 NCIT:C12291 UMLS:C0222101 lip skin lip zone of skin zone of skin of lip uberon skin of lips UBERON:0001458 skin of lip A zone of skin that is part of a lip [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:37643 MA:th UMLS:C0222101 ncithesaurus:Skin_of_the_Lip lip zone of skin OBOL:automatic zone of skin of lip OBOL:automatic skin of lips An articular capsule (or joint capsule) is an envelope surrounding a synovial joint. [WP,unvetted]. check ncita EMAPA:37621 FMA:34836 GAID:263 MA:0001519 MESH:D017746 NCIT:C32259 NCIT:C84388 UMLS:C0206207 galen:JointCapsule capsula articularis fibrous capsule of joint joint capsule joint fibrous capsule uberon capsulae articulares UBERON:0001484 articular capsule An articular capsule (or joint capsule) is an envelope surrounding a synovial joint. [WP,unvetted]. check ncita ncit EMAPA:37621 MA:th UMLS:C0206207 ncithesaurus:Joint_Capsule capsula articularis FMA:34836 FMA:TA capsulae articulares A bilaterally paired branched artery that originates from the aortic arches and divides into and includes as parts the internal and external carotid arteries[cjm]. we follow the FMA and treat the artery as a tree-structure - here we include the internal and external as parts. For the part that excludes the branches, see 'trunk of common carotid artery' This class represents the adult and developing structures' in birds and reptiles, develops from arch III and parts of ventral and dorsal aortae carotid artery CALOHA:TS-0116 EHDAA2:0000217 EHDAA:7331 EMAPA:17855 FMA:3939 GAID:479 MA:0001926 MESH:D017536 NCIT:C32352 UMLS:C0162859 VHOG:0000272 carotid artery system common carotid artery trunk of common carotid tree uberon a. carotis communis UBERON:0001530 common carotid artery plus branches FMA Wikipedia A bilaterally paired branched artery that originates from the aortic arches and divides into and includes as parts the internal and external carotid arteries[cjm]. carotid artery FMA:3939 UMLS:C0162859 ncithesaurus:Common_Carotid_Artery carotid artery system EHDAA2:0000217 common carotid artery FMA:3939 trunk of common carotid tree FMA:3939 a. carotis communis A tube extending from the mouth to the anus. The alimentary or digestive tract, and associated organs.[TAO] The bilaterian gut is typically a complete tube that opens to the exterior at both ends. It consists of mouth, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and anus (reference 1); Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] FMA also has a term 'gastrointestinal tract', but this includes the liver. we place the MA and EMAPA class here, although the intent is probably a smaller region. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/509 we following Kardong in naming the entire tube from mouth to anus the alimentary canal. Kardong calls the portion of this tract that excludes buccal cavity and pharynx the 'alimentary canal', consider adding an extra class for this gut AAO:0010023 BILA:0000083 BTO:0000511 BTO:0000545 EHDAA2:0000726 EHDAA:518 EMAPA:16247 FBbt:00003125 FMA:45615 MA:0000917 NCIT:C34082 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi0GpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000112 TGMA:0001819 UMLS:C0017189 VHOG:0000309 WBbt:0005743 ZFA:0000112 galen:AlimentaryTract digestive tube enteric tract alimentary canal alimentary tract uberon digestive canal gut tube UBERON:0001555 digestive tract NCBIBook:NBK10107 A tube extending from the mouth to the anus. The alimentary or digestive tract, and associated organs.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000112 TAO ZFIN:curator The bilaterian gut is typically a complete tube that opens to the exterior at both ends. It consists of mouth, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and anus (reference 1); Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000309 VHOG ISBN:978-0030259821 Ruppert EE, Fox RS, Barnes RD, Invertebrate zoology: a functional evolutionary approach (2003) p.203, ISBN:978-0521617147 Stevens CE and Hume ID, Comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system (2004) p.11 FMA also has a term 'gastrointestinal tract', but this includes the liver. FMA we place the MA and EMAPA class here, although the intent is probably a smaller region. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/509 MA UMLS:C0017189 ncithesaurus:Gastrointestinal_Tract enteric tract ZFA:0000112 digestive canal BTO:0000058 The segment of the respiratory tract that starts proximally with the trachea and includes all distal structures including the lungs[WP,modified] EHDAA2:0001036 EMAPA:16738 FMA:45662 MA:0000435 OpenCyc:Mx4rQRqjUgAKEdyHxgDggVfs8g VHOG:0000382 lower respiratory system uberon UBERON:0001558 lower respiratory tract The segment of the respiratory tract that starts proximally with the trachea and includes all distal structures including the lungs[WP,modified] One of two jugular veins that collect the blood from the brain, the superficial parts of the face, and the neck. [WP,unvetted]. Vein which receives many veins draining the palate, brain, and the orbital, nasal, and auditory regions.[AAO] AAO:0010236 EHDAA2:0000877 EHDAA:5407 EMAPA:17620 FMA:4724 MA:0002157 NCIT:C32849 OpenCyc:Mx4rvqdb95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000878 UMLS:C0226550 XAO:0000382 galen:InternalJugularVein internal jugular internal jugular venous tree uberon vena jugularis interna UBERON:0001586 internal jugular vein One of two jugular veins that collect the blood from the brain, the superficial parts of the face, and the neck. [WP,unvetted]. Vein which receives many veins draining the palate, brain, and the orbital, nasal, and auditory regions.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010236 AAO AAO:BJB UMLS:C0226550 ncithesaurus:Internal_Jugular_Vein internal jugular EHDAA2:0000877 vena jugularis interna The ciliary muscle is a ring of smooth muscle in the middle layer of the eye that controls the eye's accommodation for viewing objects at varying distances and regulates the flow of aqueous humour through Schlemm's canal. [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0000654 EMAPA:35240 FMA:49151 MA:0001269 NCIT:C32315 UMLS:C0559230 musculus ciliarus uberon Bowman`s muscles ciliaris musculus ciliaris UBERON:0001605 ciliary muscle MA FMA FMA The ciliary muscle is a ring of smooth muscle in the middle layer of the eye that controls the eye's accommodation for viewing objects at varying distances and regulates the flow of aqueous humour through Schlemm's canal. [WP,unvetted]. UMLS:C0559230 ncithesaurus:Ciliary_Muscle musculus ciliarus BTO:0000654 Bowman`s muscles BTO:0000654 ciliaris musculus ciliaris . revisit this, see issue #331 The muscle cells of the iris are smooth muscle in mammals and amphibians, but are striated muscle in birds and reptiles. Many fish have neither, and, as a result, their irides are unable to dilate and contract, so that the pupil always remains of a fixed size[Romer, via WP] in aves, stromal mesenchymal cells may migrate to the iris and become skeletal EMAPA:35448 FMA:49154 MA:0001287 iris muscle iris muscle organ muscle organ of iris uberon UBERON:0001606 muscle of iris FMA . iris muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of iris OBOL:automatic A branch of the external carotid artery that supplies structures of the face. [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:19213 FMA:49549 MA:0001950 NCIT:C32578 OpenCyc:Mx4rwCt95ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0226109 uberon arteria maxillaris externa external maxillary artery UBERON:0001612 facial artery A branch of the external carotid artery that supplies structures of the face. [WP,unvetted]. UMLS:C0226109 ncithesaurus:Facial_Artery arteria maxillaris externa An artery that supplies deep structures of the face. It comes just out behind the neck of the mandible. [WP,unvetted]. ...1st pair undergoes partial regression, the remnants of which becomes part of the maxillary arteries EHDAA2:0001069 EHDAA:7357 EMAPA:17311 FMA:49675 GAID:498 MA:0001919 MESH:D008438 NCIT:C34205 OpenCyc:Mx4rwDDJ45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0024949 uberon arteria maxillaris internal maxillary artery UBERON:0001616 maxillary artery An artery that supplies deep structures of the face. It comes just out behind the neck of the mandible. [WP,unvetted]. ...1st pair undergoes partial regression, the remnants of which becomes part of the maxillary arteries UMLS:C0024949 ncithesaurus:Maxillary_Artery arteria maxillaris Organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work[GO]. Portion of tissue composed of contractile fibers.[TAO] It seems clear that the metazoan ancestor inherited from its unicellular descendants an actin cytoskeleton and motor-proteins of the myosin superfamily. Within metazoans, these two molecules were arranged into effective contractile units, the muscles. The basic trends for muscle evolution are already expressed in the diploblastic taxa.[well established][VHOG] muscular muscle AAO:0011066 EMAPA:32715 EMAPA:37474 EV:0100146 FMA:5022 GAID:131 MA:0000015 OpenCyc:Mx4rv2kf-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0005145 VHOG:0001245 XAO:0000172 ZFA:0005145 galen:Muscle uberon UBERON:0001630 muscle organ Organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work[GO]. GO:0007517 Portion of tissue composed of contractile fibers.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0005145 TAO ZFIN:curator It seems clear that the metazoan ancestor inherited from its unicellular descendants an actin cytoskeleton and motor-proteins of the myosin superfamily. Within metazoans, these two molecules were arranged into effective contractile units, the muscles. The basic trends for muscle evolution are already expressed in the diploblastic taxa.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001245 VHOG ISBN:978-0198566694 Schmidt-Rhaesa A, The evolution of organ systems (2007) p.75 muscle ZFA:0005145 EMAPA:37474 MA:th An epithelial tube or tree of tibes that transports blood away from the heart[modified from AEO definition]. Note that in FMA an artery is a tree, whereas AEO/JB defines it as a tube; FMA includes a separate class for what it calls the trunk. Classification in this ontology may currently (Jan 2012) represent a mix of both schemes, although we are gradually revising in the direction of the AEO scheme. Part of the circulatory system composed of blood vessels which carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body.[AAO] The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] arterial AAO:0010211 AEO:0000208 BTO:0000573 CALOHA:TS-0054 EFO:0000814 EHDAA2:0000143 EHDAA2:0003253 EMAPA:35147 EV:0100026 FMA:50720 GAID:468 MA:0000064 MAT:0000034 MESH:D001158 MIAA:0000034 NCIT:C12372 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjknZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000005 UMLS:C0003842 VHOG:0001251 XAO:0000114 ZFA:0000005 galen:Artery arterial subtree arterial tree organ part arteries uberon arterial system arterial vessel UBERON:0001637 artery An epithelial tube or tree of tibes that transports blood away from the heart[modified from AEO definition]. AEO:JB Part of the circulatory system composed of blood vessels which carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010211 AAO AAO:BJB The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001251 VHOG DOI:10.1196/annals.1341.002 Bishopric NH, Evolution of the heart from bacteria to man. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (2006) UMLS:C0003842 ncithesaurus:Artery arteries TAO:0000005 Any of the tubular branching vessels that carry blood from the capillaries toward the heart. TODO - check with MA - vein vs venous blood vessel Part of the circulatory system composed of blood vessels which carry blood from other organs, tissues, and cells to the heart.[AAO] The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] venous venous subtree venous vessel AAO:0010212 AEO:0000209 BTO:0000234 CALOHA:TS-1108 EFO:0000816 EHDAA2:0003254 EMAPA:35906 EV:0100031 FMA:50723 GAID:492 MA:0000067 MAT:0000037 MESH:D014680 MIAA:0000037 NCIT:C12814 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjkWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000082 UMLS:C0042449 VHOG:0001743 XAO:0000115 ZFA:0000082 galen:Vein venous tree organ part uberon vascular element vena venae UBERON:0001638 vein Any of the tubular branching vessels that carry blood from the capillaries toward the heart. Part of the circulatory system composed of blood vessels which carry blood from other organs, tissues, and cells to the heart.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010212 AAO AAO:BJB The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001743 VHOG DOI:10.1196/annals.1341.002 Bishopric NH, Evolution of the heart from bacteria to man. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (2006) UMLS:C0042449 ncithesaurus:Vein vascular element EMAPA:th vena venae VHOG:0001743 The pulmonary artery that supplies the right lung. TODO - add class 'pulmonary artery tree organ' EMAPA:37378 FMA:50872 MA:0002500 NCIT:C33489 UMLS:C0923924 galen:RightPulmonaryArtery right main pulmonary artery right pulmonary arterial tree uberon arteria pulmonalis dextra UBERON:0001651 right pulmonary artery The pulmonary artery that supplies the right lung. UBERON:cjm EMAPA:37378 MA:th UMLS:C0923924 ncithesaurus:Right_Pulmonary_Artery arteria pulmonalis dextra The pulmonary artery that supplies the left lung. TODO - add class 'pulmonary artery tree organ' EMAPA:37097 FMA:50873 MA:0002032 NCIT:C32971 UMLS:C0923925 galen:LeftPulmonaryArtery left main pulmonary artery left pulmonary arterial tree uberon arteria pulmonalis sinistra UBERON:0001652 left pulmonary artery The pulmonary artery that supplies the left lung. UBERON:cjm EMAPA:37097 MA:th UMLS:C0923925 ncithesaurus:Left_Pulmonary_Artery arteria pulmonalis sinistra The anterior facial vein (facial vein) commences at the side of the root of the nose, and is a direct continuation of the angular vein where it also receives a small nasal branch. It lies behind the facial artery and follows a less tortuous course. It receives blood from the external palatine vein before it either joins the anterior branch of the retromandibular vein to form the common facial vein, or drains directly into the internal jugular vein. [WP,unvetted]. Vein which collects blood from muscles of the head and drains into the external jugular vein.[AAO] MA and NCITA also has 'anterior facial vein' AAO:0010513 EMAPA:19220 FMA:50874 MA:0002115 NCIT:C32579 OpenCyc:Mx4rvziz3JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0226532 face vein vein of face uberon anterior facial vein vena facialis anterior UBERON:0001653 facial vein FMA The anterior facial vein (facial vein) commences at the side of the root of the nose, and is a direct continuation of the angular vein where it also receives a small nasal branch. It lies behind the facial artery and follows a less tortuous course. It receives blood from the external palatine vein before it either joins the anterior branch of the retromandibular vein to form the common facial vein, or drains directly into the internal jugular vein. [WP,unvetted]. Vein which collects blood from muscles of the head and drains into the external jugular vein.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010513 AAO AAO:BJB MA and NCITA also has 'anterior facial vein' MA UMLS:C0226532 ncithesaurus:Facial_Vein face vein OBOL:automatic vein of face OBOL:automatic anterior facial vein vena facialis anterior Subdivision of skeleton which includes upper and lower jaw skeletons. TODO - move ZFA:0001227 (it is the entire jaw skeleton). Skeletal and cartilage elements of the first pharyngeal arch.[TAO] There are cellular contributions from all three embryonic germ layers: pharyngeal mesoderm, endoderm and neural crest that migrates out of the ectoderm (Noden, 1983). in FMA, the jaw is an organism subdivision cluster, and includes mucosal tissue such as the gingiva as parts. It appears to be skeletal in MA (and has teeth as parts). It is reasonable to assume that ZFA and XAO consider the upper and lower jaws to be skeletal elements or clusters. EHDAA2 also considers these clusters. TODO - follow EHDAA2 model. These arbitrary differences in terminology and classification have to be reconciled with the genuine well-known biological differences in the skeletal elements across vertebrates AAO:0000988 BTO:0001749 EMAPA:35455 FMA:54396 GAID:214 MA:0001905 MESH:D007568 NCIT:C48821 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjjEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0001227 UMLS:C0022359 ZFA:0001227 galen:Jaw jaw jaw cartilage mandibular arch skeleton uberon anterior splanchnocranium jaws mandibular arch oral jaw skeleton pharyngeal arch 1 skeleton visceral arch 1 UBERON:0001708 jaw skeleton cjm Subdivision of skeleton which includes upper and lower jaw skeletons. Skeletal and cartilage elements of the first pharyngeal arch.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001227 TAO ZFIN:curator in FMA, the jaw is an organism subdivision cluster, and includes mucosal tissue such as the gingiva as parts. It appears to be skeletal in MA (and has teeth as parts). It is reasonable to assume that ZFA and XAO consider the upper and lower jaws to be skeletal elements or clusters. EHDAA2 also considers these clusters. TODO - follow EHDAA2 model. These arbitrary differences in terminology and classification have to be reconciled with the genuine well-known biological differences in the skeletal elements across vertebrates FMA UMLS:C0022359 ncithesaurus:Jaw jaw MA:0001905 jaw cartilage ZFA:0001227 mandibular arch skeleton ZFA:0001227 mandibular arch TAO:0001227 Subdivision of head that consists of the lower jaw skeletal elements plus associated soft tissue (skin, lips, muscle)[cjm]. Inferior mandibular arch located on the anterior and lateral sides of the skull.[AAO] Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG] Note isa/partof difference MA/FMA AAO:0000272 EFO:0003660 EHDAA2:0001018 EHDAA:7995 EMAPA:17906 FMA:59398 MESH:D008334 VHOG:0000453 ncithesaurus:Lower_Jaw mandibular part of mouth uberon lower part of mouth mandibular series UBERON:0001710 See notes for jaw w.r.t skeletal element vs subdivision of head lower jaw region Subdivision of head that consists of the lower jaw skeletal elements plus associated soft tissue (skin, lips, muscle)[cjm]. Inferior mandibular arch located on the anterior and lateral sides of the skull.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000272 AAO AAO:LAP Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000453 VHOG DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001) Note isa/partof difference MA/FMA MA mandibular part of mouth FMA:59398 A anatomical space that is enclosed by a pharynx. See notes for pharynx - as a grouping class this is probably too bad. We exclude WBbt:0005790 (pharyngeal lumen) because of the developmental relationship TOODO check AAO:0010435 BSA:0000113 BTO:0002097 EMAPA:18381 FMA:54935 XAO:0000105 lumen of pharynx pharyngeal cavity uberon cavitas pharyngealis cavitas pharyngis UBERON:0001731 cavity of pharynx XAO A anatomical space that is enclosed by a pharynx. OBOL:automatic cavitas pharyngealis cavitas pharyngis BTO:0002097 the space in the eye, filled with aqueous humor, and bounded anteriorly by the cornea and a small portion of the sclera and posteriorly by a small portion of the ciliary body, the iris, and part of the crystalline lens The part of the eyeball between the cornea and the iris, filled with aqueous humor. [TFD][VHOG] space in EHDAA2 - consider adding Cavity of anterior chamber of eyeball BTO:0002084 EHDAA2:0000129 EHDAA:9033 EMAPA:18231 FMA:58078 GAID:889 MA:0000262 MESH:D000867 NCIT:C12667 UMLS:C0003151 VHOG:0001431 anterior chamber anterior chamber of eye camera anterior eye anterior chamber uberon camera anterior bulbi camera anterior bulbi oculi camera oculi anterior UBERON:0001766 anterior chamber of eyeball FMA the space in the eye, filled with aqueous humor, and bounded anteriorly by the cornea and a small portion of the sclera and posteriorly by a small portion of the ciliary body, the iris, and part of the crystalline lens MESH:A09.371.060.067 MP:0005205 The part of the eyeball between the cornea and the iris, filled with aqueous humor. [TFD][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001431 VHOG space in EHDAA2 - consider adding Cavity of anterior chamber of eyeball EHDAA2 UMLS:C0003151 ncithesaurus:Anterior_Chamber_of_the_Eye anterior chamber HP:0000593 MP:0010709 camera anterior bulbi BTO:0002084 camera anterior bulbi oculi camera oculi anterior BTO:0002084 the pigmented middle of the three concentric layers that make up an eye, consisting of the iris, ciliary body and choroid[WP,edited]. TODO - check child terms, isa vs partof. See also MA:0001284 ! tunica vasculosa plexus uveal CALOHA:TS-2228 EMAPA:35901 FMA:58103 GAID:912 MA:0002480 MESH:D014602 NCIT:C12811 UMLS:C0042160 tunica vasculosa of eyeball uvea uveal tract uberon pars iridica retinae tunica vasculatis oculi tunica vasculosa bulbi vascular layer of eyeball UBERON:0001768 uvea FMA the pigmented middle of the three concentric layers that make up an eye, consisting of the iris, ciliary body and choroid[WP,edited]. MP:0005197 UMLS:C0042160 ncithesaurus:Uvea tunica vasculosa of eyeball FMA:58103 uvea FMA:58103 uveal tract FMA:58103 pars iridica retinae tunica vasculatis oculi tunica vasculosa bulbi vascular layer of eyeball FMA:58103 the adjustable membrane, composed of the stroma and pigmented epithelium, located just in front of the crystalline lens within the eye The opaque muscular contractile diaphragm suspended in the aqueous humour in front of the lens of the eye. The organ is perforated by the pupil and continues peripherally with the ciliary body. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] iridial The avian iris and ciliary body undergoes a transition from smooth-to-striated muscle during embryonic development [DOI:dx.doi.org/10.1006/dbio.1998.9019] AAO:0010347 BTO:0000653 CALOHA:TS-0491 EFO:0004245 EMAPA:19154 EV:0100345 FMA:58235 GAID:917 MA:0000273 MESH:D007498 NCIT:C12737 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjbppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0001238 UMLS:C0022077 VHOG:0000101 XAO:0000185 ZFA:0001238 uberon anterior uvea irides irises UBERON:0001769 iris XAO the adjustable membrane, composed of the stroma and pigmented epithelium, located just in front of the crystalline lens within the eye ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0001322 The opaque muscular contractile diaphragm suspended in the aqueous humour in front of the lens of the eye. The organ is perforated by the pupil and continues peripherally with the ciliary body. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000101 VHOG The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000101 VHOG DOI:10.1038/nrn2283 Lamb TD, Collin SP and Pugh EN Jr, Evolution of the vertebrate eye: opsins, photoreceptors, retina and eye cup. Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2007) UMLS:C0022077 ncithesaurus:Iris irides irises VHOG:0000101 the smooth stratified squamous epithelium that covers the outer surface of the cornea Portion of tissue comprised of four to six layers of nonkeratinized, stratified squamous cells and represents approximately 60% of the thickness of the cornea.[TAO] In Humans: It consists of several layers of cells. The cells of the deepest layer are columnar; then follow two or three layers of polyhedral cells, the majority of which are prickle cells similar to those found in the stratum mucosum of the cuticle. Lastly, there are three or four layers of squamous cells, with flattened nuclei In zebrafish: nonpigmented, stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelial cells, attached to a thick basement membrane that is considered to be analogous to the Bowman's membrane in mammals BTO:0000287 CALOHA:TS-0173 EFO:0001917 EHDAA2:0000319 EMAPA:17162 FMA:58263 GAID:895 MA:0001243 MESH:D019573 NCIT:C12928 TAO:0002187 UMLS:C0459875 ZFA:0001683 anterior corneal epithelium cornea epithelial tissue cornea epithelium epithelial tissue of cornea epithelium anterius (cornea) epithelium anterius corneae epithelium corneæ anterior layer epithelium of cornea external epithelium of cornea uberon anterior endothelium of cornea e. anterius corneae endothelium anterius corneae endothelium camerae anterioris bulbi endothelium corneale epithelium posterius corneae UBERON:0001772 corneal epithelium ISBN:0781772214 the smooth stratified squamous epithelium that covers the outer surface of the cornea MESH:A09.371.060.217.325 MGI:smb MP:0006000 Portion of tissue comprised of four to six layers of nonkeratinized, stratified squamous cells and represents approximately 60% of the thickness of the cornea.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0002187 TAO ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-061010-3 UMLS:C0459875 ncithesaurus:Corneal_Epithelium cornea epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic cornea epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of cornea OBOL:automatic epithelium anterius corneae FMA:58263 FMA:TA anterior endothelium of cornea BTO:0000287 e. anterius corneae endothelium anterius corneae BTO:0000287 endothelium camerae anterioris bulbi BTO:0000287 endothelium corneale BTO:0000287 epithelium posterius corneae BTO:0000287 Opaque fibrous outer layer of the eyeball[ZFA,Kardong,WP]. The sclera, also known as the white part of the eye, is the opaque (usually white, though certain animals, such as horses and lizards, can have black sclera), fibrous, protective, outer layer of the eye containing collagen and elastic fiber. It is derived from the neural crest. In children, it is thinner and shows some of the underlying pigment, appearing slightly blue. In the elderly, however, fatty deposits on the sclera can make it appear slightly yellow. The sclera forms the posterior five sixths of the connective tissue coat of the globe. It is continuous with the dura mater and the cornea, and maintains the shape of the globe, offering resistance to internal and external forces, and provides an attachment for the extraocular muscle insertions. The sclera is perforated by plenty of nerves and vessels passing through the posterior scleral foramen, the hole that is formed by the optic nerve. At the optic disk the outer two-thirds of the sclera continues with the dura mater (outer coat of the brain) via the dural sheath of the optic nerve. The inner third joins with some choroidal tissue to form a plate (lamina cribrosa) across the optic nerve with perforations through which the optic fibers (fasciculi). The thickness of the sclera varies from 1mm at the posterior pole to 0.3 mm just behind the rectus muscle insertions. The sclera's blood vessels are mainly on the surface, and together with the conjunctiva (which lies on top) This is a thin layer covering the sclera. Along with the vessels of the conjunctiva, those of the sclera renders the inflamed eye bright red. [WP,unvetted][Wikipedia:Sclera]. The tough, usually white, outer coat of the eyeball, covering all the posterior surface and continuous anteriorly with the cornea. [TFD][VHOG] scleral in fish, reptiles and monotremes the connective tissue of the sclera is skeletal continuous with the dura mater and the cornea; The sclera forms the posterior five-sixths of the connective tissue coat of the globe. Majority derives from NC that surrounds optic cup of neurectoderm; a small temporal portion develops from the mesoderm that contributes to striated extra-ocular muscles and vascular endothelia[Rada&Johnson]. Seko et al demonstrate chondrogenic potential and identify this as connective tissue[DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0003709]. AAO:0010354 BTO:0001606 EMAPA:19027 EV:0100342 FMA:58269 GAID:911 MA:0000280 MESH:D012590 NCIT:C12784 OpenCyc:Mx4rv7yR55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0036410 VHOG:0001274 XAO:0000183 ZFA:0005563 uberon scleral capsule UBERON:0001773 Disease notes: implicated in rheumatoid arthritis. sclera FMA ISBN:0781772214 Opaque fibrous outer layer of the eyeball[ZFA,Kardong,WP]. ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-050701-15 The sclera, also known as the white part of the eye, is the opaque (usually white, though certain animals, such as horses and lizards, can have black sclera), fibrous, protective, outer layer of the eye containing collagen and elastic fiber. It is derived from the neural crest. In children, it is thinner and shows some of the underlying pigment, appearing slightly blue. In the elderly, however, fatty deposits on the sclera can make it appear slightly yellow. The sclera forms the posterior five sixths of the connective tissue coat of the globe. It is continuous with the dura mater and the cornea, and maintains the shape of the globe, offering resistance to internal and external forces, and provides an attachment for the extraocular muscle insertions. The sclera is perforated by plenty of nerves and vessels passing through the posterior scleral foramen, the hole that is formed by the optic nerve. At the optic disk the outer two-thirds of the sclera continues with the dura mater (outer coat of the brain) via the dural sheath of the optic nerve. The inner third joins with some choroidal tissue to form a plate (lamina cribrosa) across the optic nerve with perforations through which the optic fibers (fasciculi). The thickness of the sclera varies from 1mm at the posterior pole to 0.3 mm just behind the rectus muscle insertions. The sclera's blood vessels are mainly on the surface, and together with the conjunctiva (which lies on top) This is a thin layer covering the sclera. Along with the vessels of the conjunctiva, those of the sclera renders the inflamed eye bright red. [WP,unvetted][Wikipedia:Sclera]. The tough, usually white, outer coat of the eyeball, covering all the posterior surface and continuous anteriorly with the cornea. [TFD][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001274 VHOG UMLS:C0036410 ncithesaurus:Sclera the thickened portion of the vascular tunic, which lies between the choroid and the iris, composed of ciliary muscle and ciliary processes The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0010341 BTO:0000260 CALOHA:TS-0694 EMAPA:19065 EV:0100346 FMA:58295 GAID:916 MA:0000264 MESH:D002924 NCIT:C12345 UMLS:C0008779 VHOG:0000102 XAO:0000186 ocular ciliary body uberon anterior uvea ciliary bodies corpus ciliare UBERON:0001775 ciliary body ISBN:0781772214 the thickened portion of the vascular tunic, which lies between the choroid and the iris, composed of ciliary muscle and ciliary processes ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0005099 The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000102 VHOG DOI:10.1038/nrn2283 Lamb TD, Collin SP and Pugh EN Jr, Evolution of the vertebrate eye: opsins, photoreceptors, retina and eye cup. Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2007) UMLS:C0008779 ncithesaurus:Ciliary_Body ciliary bodies VHOG:0000102 corpus ciliare corpus ciliare vascular layer containing connective tissue, of the eye lying between the retina and the sclera. The choroid provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer layers of the retina. Along with the ciliary body and iris, the choroid forms the uveal tract[WP]. check choroid vs choroid layer; check ZFA/TAO placement - no homology assertion in VHOG. Note this is entirely in the posterior region of eyeball in ZFA choroidal MP treats posterior uvea and optic choroid as distinct BTO:0001829 CALOHA:TS-2054 EMAPA:19077 EV:0100347 FMA:58298 GAID:913 MA:0000263 MESH:D002829 NCIT:C12344 TAO:0005229 UMLS:C0008520 VHOG:0001568 ZFA:0005229 choroid choroid coat choroidea eye choroid posterior uvea uberon chorioid choroidea optic choroid UBERON:0001776 optic choroid MA Wikipedia lexical vascular layer containing connective tissue, of the eye lying between the retina and the sclera. The choroid provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer layers of the retina. Along with the ciliary body and iris, the choroid forms the uveal tract[WP]. MP treats posterior uvea and optic choroid as distinct MP UMLS:C0008520 ncithesaurus:Choroid choroid MA:0000263 choroid coat choroidea eye choroid VHOG:0001568 posterior uvea chorioid BTO:0001829 choroidea optic choroid ZFA:0005229 A double layer covering the ciliary body that produces aqueous humor. BTO:0001770 CALOHA:TS-0695 EMAPA:35239 FMA:58464 MA:0001238 NCIT:C32314 UMLS:C0459736 ciliary body epithelium epithelium of ciliary body ocular ciliary epithelium uberon UBERON:0001778 ciliary epithelium FMA MA Wikipedia A double layer covering the ciliary body that produces aqueous humor. UMLS:C0459736 ncithesaurus:Ciliary_Epithelium ciliary body epithelium FMA:58464 epithelium of ciliary body FMA:58464 Any of the layers that make up the retina[MP]. MA does not treat internal/external limiting memranes as layers - these are classified as laminae. Here we follow other ontologies in grouping with other layers. MA also treats retinal pigment epithelium and neural retina epithelium as distinct from the layers. We follow ontologies such as FMA and ZFA in first dividing into pigmented and neural layers - these are also classified as layers, giving us over the usual 10 layers AAO:0010353 EMAPA:35742 FMA:58617 MA:0001319 NCIT:C49328 UMLS:C0459649 XAO:0000266 retina layer retina neuronal layer retinal layer retinal neuronal layer uberon UBERON:0001781 layer of retina Any of the layers that make up the retina[MP]. MP:0003727 MA does not treat internal/external limiting memranes as layers - these are classified as laminae. Here we follow other ontologies in grouping with other layers. MA also treats retinal pigment epithelium and neural retina epithelium as distinct from the layers. We follow ontologies such as FMA and ZFA in first dividing into pigmented and neural layers - these are also classified as layers, giving us over the usual 10 layers MA UMLS:C0459649 ncithesaurus:Retina_Layer retina neuronal layer MP:0006069 retinal neuronal layer MP:0006069 A thick watery refractive medium that fills the space between the lens and the cornea[WP]. The fluid produced by the ciliary process in the eye and occupying the anterior and posterior chambers. It provides nourishment for the lens and cornea and maintains the ocular pressure, and hence the optical integrity of the eyeball. [TFD][VHOG] (...) we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya (reference 1); Although the eye varies greatly in adaptative details among vertebrates, its basic structure is the same in all. The human eye is representative of the design typical for a tetrapod. (...) A watery aqueous humor fills the spaces in the eye in front of the lens (...) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] FMA says A+P chambers, and MA states A chamber. ZFA states A chamber and tha it is produced primarily by dorsal ciliary epithelial cells.To be investigated across taxa. EHDAA2:0000139 EHDAA:10196 EMAPA:18232 ENVO:02000024 FMA:58819 GAID:890 MA:0001236 MESH:D001082 NCIT:C13190 OpenCyc:Mx4rvdGd-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0003662 VHOG:0000548 ZFA:0005564 aqueous humor aqueous humour humor aquosus uberon UBERON:0001796 aqueous humor of eyeball FMA def states A and P located_in in EHDAA2 VHOG A thick watery refractive medium that fills the space between the lens and the cornea[WP]. The fluid produced by the ciliary process in the eye and occupying the anterior and posterior chambers. It provides nourishment for the lens and cornea and maintains the ocular pressure, and hence the optical integrity of the eyeball. [TFD][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000548 VHOG (...) we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya (reference 1); Although the eye varies greatly in adaptative details among vertebrates, its basic structure is the same in all. The human eye is representative of the design typical for a tetrapod. (...) A watery aqueous humor fills the spaces in the eye in front of the lens (...) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000548 VHOG DOI:10.1038/nrn2283 Lamb TD, Collin SP and Pugh EN Jr, Evolution of the vertebrate eye: opsins, photoreceptors, retina and eye cup. Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2007), ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.424 and p.426 and p.429 and Figure 12-24 FMA says A+P chambers, and MA states A chamber. ZFA states A chamber and tha it is produced primarily by dorsal ciliary epithelial cells.To be investigated across taxa. FMA UMLS:C0003662 ncithesaurus:Aqueous_Humor aqueous humour EHDAA2:0000139 humor aquosus FMA:58819 FMA:TA any of the parts of the eye that lie in front of, or ventral to, the lens (inclusive) EMAPA:36594 FMA:58865 MA:0002484 MESH:D000869 NCIT:C12668 UMLS:C0003153 ZFA:0005566 anterior eye segment anterior segment eye anterior segment of eye anterior segment of the eye eye anterior segment segmentum anterius (bulbus oculi) uberon segmentum anterius bulbi oculi UBERON:0001801 anterior segment of eyeball FMA cjm lexical any of the parts of the eye that lie in front of, or ventral to, the lens (inclusive) ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MESH:A09.371.060 MP:0005193 UMLS:C0003153 ncithesaurus:Anterior_Eye_Segment anterior segment eye ZFA:0005566 segmentum anterius bulbi oculi any of the parts of the eye that lie in back of, or dorsal to, the lens (but not inclusive) EMAPA:36595 FMA:58868 MA:0002485 NCIT:C12906 UMLS:C0278450 ZFA:0005567 eye posterior segment posterior eye segment posterior segment eye posterior segment of eye posterior segment of the eye segmentum posterius (bulbus oculi) uberon segmentum posterius bulbi oculi UBERON:0001802 posterior segment of eyeball FMA cjm lexical any of the parts of the eye that lie in back of, or dorsal to, the lens (but not inclusive) ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0005195 UMLS:C0278450 ncithesaurus:Posterior_Eye_Segment posterior segment eye ZFA:0005567 segmentum posterius bulbi oculi A layer of epithelial cells that is part of the eye. this class is the superclass of the anterior epithelium and equatorial epithlium, although the term 'lens epithelium' may refer specifically to the former BTO:0001873 CALOHA:TS-0543 EMAPA:32871 FMA:58871 MA:0001301 TAO:0001326 XAO:0004094 ZFA:0001326 epithelial tissue of eye lens epithelial tissue of lens epithelium lentis epithelium of eye lens eye lens epithelial tissue eye lens epithelium lens epithelial tissue lens epithelium uberon UBERON:0001803 epithelium of lens A layer of epithelial cells that is part of the eye. epithelial tissue of eye lens OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of lens OBOL:automatic epithelium lentis FMA:58871 FMA:TA epithelium of eye lens OBOL:automatic eye lens epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic eye lens epithelium OBOL:automatic lens epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic the elastic, clear, membrane-like structure, that is outer most layer of the lens The transparent membrane which surrounds the lens of the eye. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] (...) we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya (reference 1); Although the eye varies greatly in adaptative details among vertebrates, its basic structure is the same in all. The human eye is representative of the design typical for a tetrapod. (...) A watery aqueous humor fills the spaces in the eye in front of the lens (...) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] synthesized by the lens epithelium and its main components are Type IV collagen and sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). [Wikipedia:Capsule_of_lens FMA classifies this is a capsule and hence an organ part. In contrast we classify this as acellular EHDAA2:0000977 EMAPA:18237 FMA:58881 MA:0001300 NCIT:C32975 UMLS:C0229232 VHOG:0000550 ZFA:0005574 capsula lentis lens capsule uberon UBERON:0001804 capsule of lens EHDAA2 the elastic, clear, membrane-like structure, that is outer most layer of the lens MGI:smb MP:0003236 The transparent membrane which surrounds the lens of the eye. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000550 VHOG (...) we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya (reference 1); Although the eye varies greatly in adaptative details among vertebrates, its basic structure is the same in all. The human eye is representative of the design typical for a tetrapod. (...) A watery aqueous humor fills the spaces in the eye in front of the lens (...) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000550 VHOG DOI:10.1038/nrn2283 Lamb TD, Collin SP and Pugh EN Jr, Evolution of the vertebrate eye: opsins, photoreceptors, retina and eye cup. Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2007), ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.424 and p.426 and p.429 and Figure 12-24 FMA classifies this is a capsule and hence an organ part. In contrast we classify this as acellular FMA UMLS:C0229232 ncithesaurus:Lens_Capsule capsula lentis One of the two fleshy folds which surround the opening of the mouth. Surface structure that is one of the two fleshy folds surrounding the opening of the mouth.[TAO] labial BTO:0001647 CALOHA:TS-0558 EMAPA:32839 FMA:59816 GAID:76 MA:0000343 MESH:D008046 NCIT:C12220 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi4U5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0007006 UMLS:C0023759 VHOG:0000677 ZFA:0007006 galen:Lip uberon labia oris lips UBERON:0001833 lip ZFA BTO FMA-implicit VHOG ZFA cjm One of the two fleshy folds which surround the opening of the mouth. Surface structure that is one of the two fleshy folds surrounding the opening of the mouth.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0007006 TAO ZFIN:curator UMLS:C0023759 ncithesaurus:Lip labia oris Lip that covers the lower portion of the mouth.[TAO]. Lip that covers the lower portion of the mouth.[TAO] UBERON:0003392 EHDAA2:0001020 EMAPA:17909 FMA:59818 MA:0000921 NCIT:C94572 OpenCyc:Mx4rv842UpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0002060 UMLS:C0458583 ZFA:0005225 lower jaw lip uberon labium inferius oris UBERON:0001835 lower lip Lip that covers the lower portion of the mouth.[TAO]. TAO:0002060 Lip that covers the lower portion of the mouth.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0002060 TAO TAO:wd UMLS:C0458583 ncithesaurus:Lower_Lip lower jaw lip labium inferius oris The midbrain is the middle division of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes a ventral part containing the cerebral peduncles and a dorsal tectum containing the corpora quadrigemina and that surrounds the aqueduct of Sylvius connecting the third and fourth ventricles)[GO]. developmental relationships need revised Middle part of the brain composed of the optic tectum and penducular region.[AAO] The brain region between the forebrain anteriorly and the hindbrain posteriorly, including the tectum dorsally and the midbrain tegmentum ventrally. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] Fine structural, computerized three-dimensional (3D) mapping of cell connectivity in the amphioxus nervous system and comparative molecular genetic studies of amphioxus and tunicates have provided recent insights into the phylogenetic origin of the vertebrate nervous system. The results suggest that several of the genetic mechanisms for establishing and patterning the vertebrate nervous system already operated in the ancestral chordate and that the nerve cord of the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates included a diencephalon, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord.[well established][VHOG] mesencephalic part of brainstem in ABA - we reject this in favor of ISBN:0471888893 which has an implicit overlaps relationships MB AAO:0010149 BAMS:MES BIRNLEX:1667 BM:MB BTO:0000138 CALOHA:TS-0630 DHBA:10648 DMBA:16649 EFO:0000919 EHDAA2:0001162 EHDAA:3694 EMAPA:16974 EV:0100242 FMA:61993 HBA:9001 MA:0000207 MAT:0000106 MBA:313 MESH:D008636 MIAA:0000106 NCIT:C12510 OpenCyc:Mx4rvsBUqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001104 TAO:0000128 UMLS:C0025462 VHOG:0000069 XAO:0000014 ZFA:0000128 http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=462 uberon mesencephalon UBERON:0001891 midbrain definitional Bgee:AN The midbrain is the middle division of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes a ventral part containing the cerebral peduncles and a dorsal tectum containing the corpora quadrigemina and that surrounds the aqueduct of Sylvius connecting the third and fourth ventricles)[GO]. GO:0030901 Middle part of the brain composed of the optic tectum and penducular region.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010149 AAO AAO:BJB The brain region between the forebrain anteriorly and the hindbrain posteriorly, including the tectum dorsally and the midbrain tegmentum ventrally. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000128 TAO ZFIN:curator Fine structural, computerized three-dimensional (3D) mapping of cell connectivity in the amphioxus nervous system and comparative molecular genetic studies of amphioxus and tunicates have provided recent insights into the phylogenetic origin of the vertebrate nervous system. The results suggest that several of the genetic mechanisms for establishing and patterning the vertebrate nervous system already operated in the ancestral chordate and that the nerve cord of the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates included a diencephalon, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000069 VHOG DOI:10.1016/S0959-4388(99)00003-3 Holland LZ and Holland ND, Chordate origins of the vertebrate central nervous system. Current Opinion in Neurobiology (1999) part of brainstem in ABA - we reject this in favor of ISBN:0471888893 which has an implicit overlaps relationships ABA MB BIRNLEX:1667 NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource UMLS:C0025462 BIRNLEX:1667 UMLS:C0025462 ncithesaurus:Mesencephalon http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=462 BIRNLEX:1667 mesencephalon A segment of the developing hindbrain[ZFA]. In the vertebrate embryo, a rhombomere is a transiently divided segment of the developing neural tube, within the hindbrain region (a neuromere) in the area that will eventually become the rhombencephalon. The rhombomeres appear as a series of slightly constricted swellings in the neural tube, caudal to the cephalic flexure.[WP]. A segment of the developing hindbrain. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] Rhombomeric segmentation is found in all living vertebrates and is of fundamental importance to the development of the vertebrate head.[well established][VHOG] In human embryonic development, the rhombomeres are present by day 29 DHBA divides this into A(1-3),B(4),C(5-7) and D(8) hindbrain segment segment of hindbrain DHBA:12664 EFO:0003617 EMAPA:16148 FMA:295666 MAT:0000272 MIAA:0000272 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000669 TAO:0001064 VHOG:0000672 XAO:0004079 ZFA:0001064 hindbrain neuromere hindbrain neuromeres rhombomere uberon future rhombencephalon rhombomeres UBERON:0001892 rhombomere A segment of the developing hindbrain[ZFA]. In the vertebrate embryo, a rhombomere is a transiently divided segment of the developing neural tube, within the hindbrain region (a neuromere) in the area that will eventually become the rhombencephalon. The rhombomeres appear as a series of slightly constricted swellings in the neural tube, caudal to the cephalic flexure.[WP]. ZFIN:curator A segment of the developing hindbrain. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001064 TAO ZFIN:curator Rhombomeric segmentation is found in all living vertebrates and is of fundamental importance to the development of the vertebrate head.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000672 VHOG DOI:10.1006/dbio.2002.0831 Mazet F, Shimeld SM, The Evolution of Chordate Neural Segmentation. Developmental Biology (2002) hindbrain segment ZFA:0001064 segment of hindbrain ZFA:0001064 hindbrain neuromeres DHBA:HNM future rhombencephalon MIAA:0000272 rhombomeres VHOG:0000672 Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the medullary reticular formation, inferior olivary complex and cochlear nuclear complex, among other structures[FMA]. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate[GO]. Posterior portion of the hindbrain which controls respiration, heartbeat, digestion, and swallowing as well as some locomotor responses.[AAO] The posterior region of the brain that is continuous with the spinal cord. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-17, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] Classical anatomical studies subdivided the vertebrate rhombencephalon into pons and medulla oblongata. (...) The medulla oblongata appears therefore as a tagma, that is, a group of segmental units (pseudorhombomeres, in this case) sharing some morphological and molecular characteristics, and in some aspects different from the segmental units present in adjoining brain regions, pons and spinal cord.[well established][VHOG] bulb medulla AAO:0010486 BAMS:MY BAMS:Md BIRNLEX:957 BM:Me BTO:0000041 CALOHA:TS-0607 DMBA:17352 EFO:0000924 EHDAA2:0001088 EHDAA:7588 EMAPA:17550 EV:0100275 FMA:62004 GAID:590 MA:0000206 MAT:0000111 MAT:0000367 MBA:354 MESH:D008526 MIAA:0000111 NCIT:C12442 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjxSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA OpenCyc:Mx4rwCqnXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000545 UMLS:C0025148 UMLS:C1269575 VHOG:0000181 XAO:0003100 ZFA:0000545 http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698 bulbus uberon medulla oblonzata metepencephalon UBERON:0001896 medulla oblongata Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the medullary reticular formation, inferior olivary complex and cochlear nuclear complex, among other structures[FMA]. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate[GO]. FMA:62004 GO:0021550 Posterior portion of the hindbrain which controls respiration, heartbeat, digestion, and swallowing as well as some locomotor responses.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010486 AAO AAO:BJB The posterior region of the brain that is continuous with the spinal cord. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-17, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000181 VHOG Classical anatomical studies subdivided the vertebrate rhombencephalon into pons and medulla oblongata. (...) The medulla oblongata appears therefore as a tagma, that is, a group of segmental units (pseudorhombomeres, in this case) sharing some morphological and molecular characteristics, and in some aspects different from the segmental units present in adjoining brain regions, pons and spinal cord.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000181 VHOG DOI:10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.08.017 Marin F, Aroca P, Puelles L, Hox gene colinear expression in the avian medulla oblongata is correlated with pseudorhombomeric domains. Developmental Biology (2008) medulla ABA:MY UMLS:C0025148 BIRNLEX:957 UMLS:C0025148 ncithesaurus:Medulla_Oblongata UMLS:C1269575 BIRNLEX:957 http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698 BIRNLEX:957 bulbus FMA:62004 FMA:TA medulla oblonzata metepencephalon FMA:62004 An endothelium that is part of a capillary [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0004954 CALOHA:TS-0112 EMAPA:36292 FMA:62114 MA:0000711 NCIT:C49215 UMLS:C0006904 blood capillary endothelium capillary endothelium capillary vessel endothelium endothelium of blood capillary endothelium of capillary vessel uberon UBERON:0001915 endothelium of capillary An endothelium that is part of a capillary [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic UMLS:C0006904 ncithesaurus:Capillary_Endothelium blood capillary endothelium OBOL:automatic capillary vessel endothelium OBOL:automatic endothelium of blood capillary OBOL:automatic endothelium of capillary vessel OBOL:automatic An endothelium that is part of an arteriole [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:36286 FMA:62115 MA:0000705 NCIT:C49192 UMLS:C1179024 arteriole endothelium uberon UBERON:0001916 endothelium of arteriole An endothelium that is part of an arteriole [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic UMLS:C1179024 ncithesaurus:Arteriole_Endothelium An endothelium that is part of an artery [Automatically generated definition]. The endothelium is the thin layer of cells that lines the interior surface of blood vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall.[AAO] Vertebrates and a very few invertebrates such as squids have evolved a secondary epithelium, the endothelium, that lines their blood vessels.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011013 BTO:0004757 EMAPA:35148 FMA:62116 MA:0000707 NCIT:C49194 UMLS:C1179025 VHOG:0001215 XAO:0000357 arterial endothelium artery endothelium uberon UBERON:0001917 endothelium of artery An endothelium that is part of an artery [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic The endothelium is the thin layer of cells that lines the interior surface of blood vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0011013 AAO XAO:curator Vertebrates and a very few invertebrates such as squids have evolved a secondary epithelium, the endothelium, that lines their blood vessels.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001215 VHOG ISBN:978-0030259821 Ruppert EE, Fox RS, Barnes RD, Invertebrate zoology: a functional evolutionary approach (2003) p.207 UMLS:C1179025 ncithesaurus:Artery_Endothelium An endothelium that is part of a venule [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:36290 FMA:62117 MA:0000716 NCIT:C49319 UMLS:C1179026 venule endothelium uberon UBERON:0001918 endothelium of venule An endothelium that is part of a venule [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic UMLS:C1179026 ncithesaurus:Venule_Endothelium An endothelium that is part of a vein [Automatically generated definition]. Vertebrates and a very few invertebrates such as squids have evolved a secondary epithelium, the endothelium, that lines their blood vessels.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011110 BTO:0004756 EMAPA:36288 FMA:62118 MA:0000712 NCIT:C49317 UMLS:C1179027 VHOG:0001216 XAO:0000358 vein endothelium venous endothelium uberon veinous endothelium UBERON:0001919 endothelium of vein An endothelium that is part of a vein [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic Vertebrates and a very few invertebrates such as squids have evolved a secondary epithelium, the endothelium, that lines their blood vessels.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001216 VHOG ISBN:978-0030259821 Ruppert EE, Fox RS, Barnes RD, Invertebrate zoology: a functional evolutionary approach (2003) p.207 UMLS:C1179027 ncithesaurus:Vein_Endothelium veinous endothelium VHOG:0001216 Ventral part of the midbrain, separated from the hindbrain by the isthmus[ISBN:0471888893]. Subdivision of the midbrain lying anterior to the tectum and posterior to the substantia nigra and cerebral peduncle[FMA] The part of the midbrain extending from the substantia nigra to the cerebral aqueduct in a horizontal section of the midbrain. It forms the floor of the midbrain that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct[WP]. Together, our results reveal a shared basic organization in the tegmental domains of the diencephalon and midbrain of developing lamprey, indicating early appearance of the domain in vertebrate phylogeny.[well established][VHOG] MTg tegmentum BAMS:MTg BIRNLEX:1200 BTO:0003388 DHBA:12195 EFO:0000921 EHDAA2:0004475 EMAPA:18215 FMA:62393 HBA:9002 MA:0000212 MAT:0000452 TAO:0000160 UMLS:C0039441 VHOG:0001367 XAO:0004271 ZFA:0000160 http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=491 tegmentum mesencephali tegmentum of midbrain uberon mesencephalic tegmentum tegmentum mesencephalicum UBERON:0001943 'tegmentum' is used generically for the ventral part of the brainstem (ISBN:0471888893). We use the label 'midbrain tegmentum' to denote the midbrain structure. In NIFSTD tegmentum is a composite structure and there is a separate class for midbrain tegmentum and pontine tegmentum midbrain tegmentum ZFA Ventral part of the midbrain, separated from the hindbrain by the isthmus[ISBN:0471888893]. Subdivision of the midbrain lying anterior to the tectum and posterior to the substantia nigra and cerebral peduncle[FMA] The part of the midbrain extending from the substantia nigra to the cerebral aqueduct in a horizontal section of the midbrain. It forms the floor of the midbrain that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct[WP]. FMA:FMA ISBN:0471888893 Together, our results reveal a shared basic organization in the tegmental domains of the diencephalon and midbrain of developing lamprey, indicating early appearance of the domain in vertebrate phylogeny.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001367 VHOG DOI:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.05.001 Villar-Cheda B, Abalo XM, Anadon R, Rodicio MC, The tegmental proliferation region in the sea lamprey. Brain Research Bulletin (2005) MTg BIRNLEX:1200 NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource tegmentum ISBN:0471888893 UMLS:C0039441 BIRNLEX:1200 http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=491 BIRNLEX:1200 tegmentum mesencephali mesencephalic tegmentum VHOG:0001367 tegmentum mesencephalicum NeuroNames:491 A multi-tissue structure that is part of a spinal cord. BIRNLEX:1496 NCIT:C33969 UMLS:C1268166 uberon spinal cord part UBERON:0001948 regional part of spinal cord A multi-tissue structure that is part of a spinal cord. OBOL:automatic UMLS:C1268166 ncithesaurus:Spinal_Cord_Part The liquid component of blood, in which erythrocytes are suspended. plasma portion of plasma BTO:0000131 CALOHA:TS-0800 EFO:0001905 EMAPA:35690 FMA:62970 GAID:1178 MA:0002501 MAT:0000052 MESH:D010949 MIAA:0000052 NCIT:C13356 OpenCyc:Mx4rEg4ZYrIbEduAAAAOpmP6tw UMLS:C0032105 blood plasm portion of blood plasma uberon UBERON:0001969 blood plasma The liquid component of blood, in which erythrocytes are suspended. plasma MA:0002501 portion of plasma FMA:62970 UMLS:C0032105 ncithesaurus:Plasma One of the minute vessels that collect deoxygenated blood from the capillary plexuses returns it to the veins Multi-tissue structure part of the blood vasculature formed by the anastomosis of capillaries. Venules carry blood toward the heart.[TAO] BTO:0002626 EMAPA:35917 FMA:63130 MA:0000071 MESH:A07.231.432.952 NCIT:C12818 TAO:0005315 UMLS:C0042520 VHOG:0001765 ZFA:0005315 uberon venula UBERON:0001979 venule One of the minute vessels that collect deoxygenated blood from the capillary plexuses returns it to the veins MESH:A07.231.432.952 MP:0004125 Multi-tissue structure part of the blood vasculature formed by the anastomosis of capillaries. Venules carry blood toward the heart.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0005315 TAO ZFIN:curator UMLS:C0042520 ncithesaurus:Venule venula The smallest division of the artery located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries[GO]. Multi-tissue structure part of the blood vasculature, feeds into capillaries. Arterioles carry blood away from the heart.[TAO] Small, terminal branch of an artery which generally connects to capillaries.[AAO] AAO:0010253 BTO:0001997 EMAPA:35146 FMA:63182 MA:0000063 MESH:D001160 NCIT:C12672 TAO:0002138 UMLS:C0003847 VHOG:0001763 ZFA:0005255 uberon arteriola UBERON:0001980 arteriole MA The smallest division of the artery located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries[GO]. GO:0014830 Multi-tissue structure part of the blood vasculature, feeds into capillaries. Arterioles carry blood away from the heart.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0002138 TAO ZFIN:curator Small, terminal branch of an artery which generally connects to capillaries.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010253 AAO AAO:BJB UMLS:C0003847 ncithesaurus:Arteriole arteriola A vessel through which blood circulates in the body. consider adopting the EMAPA superclass 'vascular element', which includes microvasculature (e.g. capillaries), vascular plexus Any of the vessels through which blood circulates in the body. [XAO:0001011_][VHOG] Any of the vessels through which blood circulates in the body.[AAO] The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] annelids have blood vessels, but this class is not applicable to annelids. FMA:63183 Blood vessel is categorized as 'general anatomical term'. Suggestion to map to region of vascular tree from Terry H at JAX vascular element AAO:0011004 AEO:0000207 BTO:0001102 CALOHA:TS-0080 EFO:0000817 EHDAA2:0003252 EHDAA:240 EMAPA:32743 EMAPA:35993 FMA:50722 FMA:63183 GAID:169 MA:0000060 MAT:0000393 MESH:D001808 NCIT:C12679 NLXANAT:090901 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjxlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0002137 UMLS:C0005847 VHOG:0001250 XAO:0001011 ZFA:0005314 region of vascular tree organ vascular tree organ region uberon vas sanguineum UBERON:0001981 blood vessel EHDAA2 GO:0072360 A vessel through which blood circulates in the body. BTO:0001102 Any of the vessels through which blood circulates in the body. [XAO:0001011_][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001250 VHOG Any of the vessels through which blood circulates in the body.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0011004 AAO AAO:EJS The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001250 VHOG DOI:10.1196/annals.1341.002 Bishopric NH, Evolution of the heart from bacteria to man. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (2006) FMA:63183 Blood vessel is categorized as 'general anatomical term'. Suggestion to map to region of vascular tree from Terry H at JAX FMA vascular element EMAPA:35993 UMLS:C0005847 ncithesaurus:Blood_Vessel region of vascular tree organ FMA:50722 vascular tree organ region FMA:50722 vas sanguineum Any of the smallest blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules. not all sources agree capillary is a blood vessel - consider adopting EMAPA superclass of vascular element Any of the tiny blood vessels connecting the arterioles to the venules.[AAO] The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] capillaries lack tunica media and tunica adventitia; only the endothelial wall of the tunica intima belongs AAO:0010252 BTO:0002045 CALOHA:TS-2006 EFO:0001906 EMAPA:35198 EV:0100035 FMA:63194 MA:0000065 MESH:A07.231.432.410 NCIT:C12685 NLXANAT:090902 OpenCyc:Mx4rvWEU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0005250 UMLS:C0935624 VHOG:0001253 XAO:0000116 ZFA:0005250 blood capillary capillary vessel uberon UBERON:0001982 capillary FMA MA XAO ZFA Any of the smallest blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules. ISBN:0073040584 Any of the tiny blood vessels connecting the arterioles to the venules.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010252 AAO AAO:BJB The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001253 VHOG DOI:10.1196/annals.1341.002 Bishopric NH, Evolution of the heart from bacteria to man. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (2006) UMLS:C0935624 ncithesaurus:Capillary A monolayer of specialized, flattened, mitochondria-rich cells that lines the posterior surface of the cornea and faces the anterior chamber of the eye[WP]. CALOHA:TS-0172 EMAPA:35935 FMA:63882 GAID:891 MA:0001242 MESH:D004728 NCIT:C12707 TAO:0002186 UMLS:C0014259 ZFA:0001687 cornea endothelium endothelium of cornea uberon epithelium posterius corneae UBERON:0001985 corneal endothelium A monolayer of specialized, flattened, mitochondria-rich cells that lines the posterior surface of the cornea and faces the anterior chamber of the eye[WP]. UMLS:C0014259 ncithesaurus:Corneal_Endothelium cornea endothelium OBOL:automatic endothelium of cornea OBOL:automatic epithelium posterius corneae A layer of epithelium that lines the heart, blood vessels (endothelium, vascular), lymph vessels (endothelium, lymphatic), and the serous cavities of the body[MESH]. Simple squamous epithelium which lines blood and lymphatic vessels and the heart[FMA] endothelial BTO:0000393 CALOHA:TS-0278 EFO:0002548 FMA:63916 GAID:520 MESH:D004727 NCIT:C12481 UMLS:C0014257 galen:Endothelium uberon UBERON:0001986 The term 'endothelium' has been either restricted to the continuous cell layer of the vertebrates, as we are assuming here, or applied to all the cells able to adhere to the luminal surface of the vascular basement membrane (Casley-Smith 1980) endothelium FMA-text-def A layer of epithelium that lines the heart, blood vessels (endothelium, vascular), lymph vessels (endothelium, lymphatic), and the serous cavities of the body[MESH]. Simple squamous epithelium which lines blood and lymphatic vessels and the heart[FMA] FMA:63916 MESH:A10.272.491 UMLS:C0014257 ncithesaurus:Endothelium An artery that carries deoxygenated blood from heart to the lungs. They are the only arteries (other than umbilical arteries in the fetus) that carry deoxygenated blood.. Major artery which supplies blood to the lungs.[AAO] One of two arteries, leaving from the heart, the left one supplying the left lung and the right one supplying the right lung. [TFD][VHOG] On the other hand, in the sister clade of the actinopterygians, the sarcopterygians, the gill circulation is supplemented with lung ventilation. As a result, the pulmonary artery and vein and a functional ductus arteriosus arose as a major evolutionary innovation from the sixth arch, giving the organism a flexible shunt to balance blood supply to and from gills and lungs according to environmental conditions.[well established][VHOG] In the human heart, the pulmonary trunk (pulmonary artery or main pulmonary artery) begins at the base of the right ventricle. It is short and wide - approximately 5 cm (2 inches) in length and 3 cm (1.2 inches) in diameter. It then branches into two pulmonary arteries (left and right), which deliver deoxygenated blood to the corresponding lung[WP] AAO:0010221 BTO:0000778 CALOHA:TS-0839 EFO:0001399 EHDAA2:0001575 EHDAA:4351 EMAPA:17008 FMA:66326 GAID:505 MA:0002031 MESH:D011651 NCIT:C12774 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjbIpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0034052 VHOG:0000982 XAO:0004162 galen:PulmonaryArtery pulmonary arterial tree pulmonary arterial tree organ part uberon arteria pulmonalis pulmonary arterial subtree truncus pulmonalis UBERON:0002012 pulmonary artery Wikipedia EHDAA2 XAO EHDAA2 An artery that carries deoxygenated blood from heart to the lungs. They are the only arteries (other than umbilical arteries in the fetus) that carry deoxygenated blood.. Major artery which supplies blood to the lungs.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010221 AAO AAO:BJB One of two arteries, leaving from the heart, the left one supplying the left lung and the right one supplying the right lung. [TFD][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000982 VHOG On the other hand, in the sister clade of the actinopterygians, the sarcopterygians, the gill circulation is supplemented with lung ventilation. As a result, the pulmonary artery and vein and a functional ductus arteriosus arose as a major evolutionary innovation from the sixth arch, giving the organism a flexible shunt to balance blood supply to and from gills and lungs according to environmental conditions.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000982 VHOG ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.620 UMLS:C0034052 ncithesaurus:Pulmonary_Artery pulmonary arterial tree FMA:66326 pulmonary arterial tree organ part FMA:66326 arteria pulmonalis pulmonary arterial subtree FMA:66326 truncus pulmonalis Pulmonary veins are blood vessels that transport blood from the lungs to the heart[GO]. Any of the veins which collect blood from the lungs and some small vesicles received from the esophagus.[AAO] One of two pairs of large vessels that return oxygenated blood from each lung to the left atrium of the heart. [TFD][VHOG] the veins that return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart On the other hand, in the sister clade of the actinopterygians, the sarcopterygians, the gill circulation is supplemented with lung ventilation. As a result, the pulmonary artery and vein and a functional ductus arteriosus arose as a major evolutionary innovation from the sixth arch, giving the organism a flexible shunt to balance blood supply to and from gills and lungs according to environmental conditions.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0010521 BTO:0001799 CALOHA:TS-0840 EHDAA2:0001579 EHDAA:2629 EMAPA:18645 FMA:66643 GAID:543 MA:0002206 MESH:D011667 NCIT:C12776 UMLS:C0034090 VHOG:0001133 XAO:0000394 galen:PulmonaryVein pulmonary venous tree organ part uberon venae pulmonales UBERON:0002016 pulmonary vein Pulmonary veins are blood vessels that transport blood from the lungs to the heart[GO]. GO:0060577 Any of the veins which collect blood from the lungs and some small vesicles received from the esophagus.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010521 AAO AAO:BJB One of two pairs of large vessels that return oxygenated blood from each lung to the left atrium of the heart. [TFD][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001133 VHOG the veins that return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart MP:0002726,MGI:cwg On the other hand, in the sister clade of the actinopterygians, the sarcopterygians, the gill circulation is supplemented with lung ventilation. As a result, the pulmonary artery and vein and a functional ductus arteriosus arose as a major evolutionary innovation from the sixth arch, giving the organism a flexible shunt to balance blood supply to and from gills and lungs according to environmental conditions.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001133 VHOG ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.620 UMLS:C0034090 ncithesaurus:Pulmonary_Vein venae pulmonales A nervous system structure composed primarily of nerve cell bodies (somas). May also include dendrites and the initial unmyelinated portion of axons. Multi-tissue comprised of neurons, dendrites, axon terminals, glial cells, and capillaries.[TAO] AEO:0001012 EHDAA2:0003136 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0004658 EMAPA:37596 FMA:67242 HBA:4006 MA:0001112 NCIT:C32695 OpenCyc:Mx4rwDdKMpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0002197 UMLS:C0018220 VHOG:0001768 ZFA:0001681 gray matter gray matter of neuraxis grey matter grey matter of neuraxis grey substance neuronal grey matter substantia grisea uberon gray mater grisea UBERON:0002020 gray matter A nervous system structure composed primarily of nerve cell bodies (somas). May also include dendrites and the initial unmyelinated portion of axons. Multi-tissue comprised of neurons, dendrites, axon terminals, glial cells, and capillaries.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0002197 TAO ZFIN:curator EMAPA:37596 MA:th UMLS:C0018220 ncithesaurus:Gray_Matter gray matter of neuraxis FMA:67242 neuronal grey matter AEO:0001012 substantia grisea FMA:67242 FMA:TA gray mater ZFA:0001681 grisea The most posterior of the three principal regions of the brain. In mammals and birds the hindbrain is divided into a rostral metencephalon and a caudal myelencephalon. In zebrafish, with the exception of the cerebellum, the ventral remainder of the metencephalon can be separated only arbitrarily from the more caudal myelencephalic portion of the medulla oblongata (From: Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain)[ZFA]. Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the pons, cerebellum and medulla oblongata[FMA]. Posterior part of the brain consisting of the cerebellum and medulla oblongata.[AAO] The most posterior of the three principal regions of the brain, forming the rhombencephalon and all or most of the metencephalon. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] relationship loss: develops_from hindbrain neural tube (TAO:0007043)[TAO] Fine structural, computerized three-dimensional (3D) mapping of cell connectivity in the amphioxus nervous system and comparative molecular genetic studies of amphioxus and tunicates have provided recent insights into the phylogenetic origin of the vertebrate nervous system. The results suggest that several of the genetic mechanisms for establishing and patterning the vertebrate nervous system already operated in the ancestral chordate and that the nerve cord of the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates included a diencephalon, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord.[well established][VHOG] rhombencephalic in MA, brainstem and hindbrain and part-of siblings under brain, consistent with FMA and NIF. See also notes for cerebellum. We weaken the relation in ABA to overlaps AAO:0010150 BAMS:HB BIRNLEX:942 BTO:0000672 CALOHA:TS-0457 DHBA:10653 DMBA:16808 EFO:0000923 EHDAA2:0000746 EHDAA:3514 EHDAA:6487 EMAPA:16916 FMA:67687 MA:0000195 MAT:0000107 MBA:1065 MESH:D012249 MIAA:0000107 NCIT:C40336 TAO:0000029 UMLS:C0035507 UMLS:C1522180 VHOG:0000070 XAO:0000015 ZFA:0000029 http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=540 uberon rhombencephalon UBERON:0002028 hindbrain modified-source-relation ABA Bgee:AN The most posterior of the three principal regions of the brain. In mammals and birds the hindbrain is divided into a rostral metencephalon and a caudal myelencephalon. In zebrafish, with the exception of the cerebellum, the ventral remainder of the metencephalon can be separated only arbitrarily from the more caudal myelencephalic portion of the medulla oblongata (From: Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain)[ZFA]. Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the pons, cerebellum and medulla oblongata[FMA]. ZFA:0000029 ZFIN:curator Posterior part of the brain consisting of the cerebellum and medulla oblongata.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010150 AAO AAO:BJB The most posterior of the three principal regions of the brain, forming the rhombencephalon and all or most of the metencephalon. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000029 TAO ZFIN:curator relationship loss: develops_from hindbrain neural tube (TAO:0007043)[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000029 TAO Fine structural, computerized three-dimensional (3D) mapping of cell connectivity in the amphioxus nervous system and comparative molecular genetic studies of amphioxus and tunicates have provided recent insights into the phylogenetic origin of the vertebrate nervous system. The results suggest that several of the genetic mechanisms for establishing and patterning the vertebrate nervous system already operated in the ancestral chordate and that the nerve cord of the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates included a diencephalon, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000070 VHOG DOI:10.1016/S0959-4388(99)00003-3 Holland LZ and Holland ND, Chordate origins of the vertebrate central nervous system. Current Opinion in Neurobiology (1999) in MA, brainstem and hindbrain and part-of siblings under brain, consistent with FMA and NIF. See also notes for cerebellum. We weaken the relation in ABA to overlaps MA UMLS:C0035507 BIRNLEX:942 UMLS:C0035507 ncithesaurus:Hind-Brain UMLS:C1522180 BIRNLEX:942 http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=540 BIRNLEX:942 A systemic artery that supplies the lung with with oxygenated blood. EMAPA:18608 FMA:68109 GAID:477 MA:0001923 MESH:D001981 NCIT:C32230 OpenCyc:Mx4r4sy0UiNbEd2AAAACs6hRXg UMLS:C0006257 bronchial arterial tree uberon arteriae bronchiales rami bronchiales partis thoracicae aortae UBERON:0002040 Although there is much variation, there are usually two bronchial arteries that run to the left lung, and one to the right lung. bronchial artery A systemic artery that supplies the lung with with oxygenated blood. UBERON:cjm UMLS:C0006257 ncithesaurus:Bronchial_Artery arteriae bronchiales rami bronchiales partis thoracicae aortae Respiration organ that develops as an oupocketing of the esophagus. Either of two organs which allow gas exchange absorbing oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide with exhaled air.[AAO] Lungs had already developed as paired ventral pockets from the intestine in the ancestor of Osteognathostomata. (...) In actinopterygian fishes, apart from Cladistia, the ventral intestinal pocket migrates dorsally and becomes the swim-bladder, a mainly hydrostatical organ (reference 1); Comparative transcriptome analyses indicate molecular homology of zebrafish swimbladder and Mammalian lung (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] pulmonary respiration organ in all air-breathing animals, including most tetrapods, a few fish and a few snails. In mammals and the more complex life forms, the two lungs are located in the chest on either side of the heart. Their principal function is to transport oxygen from the atmosphere into the bloodstream, and to release carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere. This exchange of gases is accomplished in the mosaic of specialized cells that form millions of tiny, exceptionally thin-walled air sacs called alveoli. // Avian lungs do not have alveoli as mammalian lungs do, they have Faveolar lungs. They contain millions of tiny passages known as para-bronchi, connected at both ends by the dorsobronchi AAO:0000275 AAO:0010567 BTO:0000763 CALOHA:TS-0568 EFO:0000934 EHDAA2:0001042 EHDAA:1554 EHDAA:2205 EMAPA:16728 EV:0100042 FMA:7195 GAID:345 MA:0000415 MAT:0000135 MESH:D008168 MIAA:0000135 NCIT:C12468 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0024109 VHOG:0000310 XAO:0000119 galen:Lung pulmo uberon UBERON:0002048 Snakes and limbless lizards typically possess only the right lung as a major respiratory organ; the left lung is greatly reduced, or even absent. Amphisbaenians, however, have the opposite arrangement, with a major left lung, and a reduced or absent right lung [WP] lung some species only have a single lung Respiration organ that develops as an oupocketing of the esophagus. Either of two organs which allow gas exchange absorbing oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide with exhaled air.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010567 AAO AAO:SBH Lungs had already developed as paired ventral pockets from the intestine in the ancestor of Osteognathostomata. (...) In actinopterygian fishes, apart from Cladistia, the ventral intestinal pocket migrates dorsally and becomes the swim-bladder, a mainly hydrostatical organ (reference 1); Comparative transcriptome analyses indicate molecular homology of zebrafish swimbladder and Mammalian lung (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000310 VHOG ISBN:978-0198566694 Schmidt-Rhaesa A, The evolution of organ systems (2007) p.210, DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0024019 Zheng W, Wang Z, Collins JE, Andrews RM, Stemple D, Gong Z, Comparative transcriptome analyses indicate molecular homology of zebrafish swimbladder and Mammalian lung. PLoS One (2011) UMLS:C0024109 ncithesaurus:Lung pulmo An interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism[ZFA]. Examples: vasculature of lung, vasculature of face. see also: vascular system. Consider merging? vascular BTO:0003718 FMA:69050 TAO:0005249 ZFA:0005249 vascular network uberon UBERON:0002049 vasculature FMA An interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism[ZFA]. Examples: vasculature of lung, vasculature of face. ZFA:0005249 vascular network FMA:69050 Anatomical structure that is part of an embryo. Anatomical structure that is part of the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells.[AAO] Anatomical structure that is part of the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells.[TAO] Anatomical structure that is part of the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells.[VSAO] in FMA embryo is_a embryonic structure AAO:0000138 BILA:0000034 BTO:0000174 CALOHA:TS-2110 EFO:0000461 FBbt:00004208 FMA:69067 GAID:407 MESH:D004628 NCIT:C13229 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003169 TAO:0001105 UMLS:C0013948 VSAO:0000178 XAO:0003042 ZFA:0001105 developing embryonic structure embryonic anatomical structure uberon developing structure embryonale Struktur embryonic structures UBERON:0002050 embryonic structure Anatomical structure that is part of an embryo. BTO:0000174 ZFIN:curator Anatomical structure that is part of the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000138 AAO AAO:BJB Anatomical structure that is part of the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001105 TAO ZFIN:curator Anatomical structure that is part of the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells.[VSAO] 2012-08-14 VSAO:0000178 VSAO ZFIN:curator in FMA embryo is_a embryonic structure FMA UMLS:C0013948 ncithesaurus:Embryonic_Structure developing embryonic structure FBbt:00004208 embryonic anatomical structure RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003169 embryonale Struktur BTO:0000174 embryonic structures ZFA:0001105 The truncus arteriosus and bulbus cordis are divided by the aorticopulmonary septum. The truncus arteriosus gives rise to the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk. The bulbus cordis gives rise to the smooth parts (outflow tract) of the left and right ventricles. assume spelling error for ncit EHDAA2:0004143 EMAPA:35887 FMA:70301 GAID:554 MA:0000103 MESH:D014338 NCIT:C34317 OpenCyc:Mx4rquH9YKgNEdudWQACs5b6Bw UMLS:C1519589 uberon UBERON:0002061 truncus arteriosus EHDAA2 FMA MA EHDAA2 EHDAA2 The truncus arteriosus and bulbus cordis are divided by the aorticopulmonary septum. The truncus arteriosus gives rise to the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk. The bulbus cordis gives rise to the smooth parts (outflow tract) of the left and right ventricles. assume spelling error for ncit ncit UMLS:C1519589 ncithesaurus:Trancus_Arteriosus The dermis is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the skin) and subcutaneous tissues, and is composed of two layers, the papillary and reticular dermis[WP]. Consider adding a layer-of-skin grouping class for all skin layers A collagenous layer of the skin subjacent to the epidermis and covering the hypodermis. It contains various types of cells (e.g. fibroblasts, pigment cells, nerve, blood vessels and scales. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] When approaching controversies surrounding skin evolution, we need to remember that the skin consists of two layers, an epidermis and a dermis, not a single evolving structure. (...) It is little wonder that controversies about homology exist. If we think of the epidermis, the dermis, and their interactions as an evolving unit, then their specialized products (hair, feathers, and reptilian scales) are broadly homologous.[well established][VHOG] dermal AAO:0000128 BTO:0000294 CALOHA:TS-2076 EFO:0000953 EMAPA:17527 EV:0100154 FMA:70323 GAID:1321 MA:0000152 MAT:0000153 MESH:D020405 MIAA:0000153 NCIT:C12701 TAO:0001119 UMLS:C0011646 VHOG:0000108 XAO:0000217 ZFA:0001119 vertebrate dermis uberon corium cutis UBERON:0002067 dermis FMA definitional The dermis is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the skin) and subcutaneous tissues, and is composed of two layers, the papillary and reticular dermis[WP]. ZFIN:curator A collagenous layer of the skin subjacent to the epidermis and covering the hypodermis. It contains various types of cells (e.g. fibroblasts, pigment cells, nerve, blood vessels and scales. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001119 TAO ZFIN:curator When approaching controversies surrounding skin evolution, we need to remember that the skin consists of two layers, an epidermis and a dermis, not a single evolving structure. (...) It is little wonder that controversies about homology exist. If we think of the epidermis, the dermis, and their interactions as an evolving unit, then their specialized products (hair, feathers, and reptilian scales) are broadly homologous.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000108 VHOG ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.231-232 see also p.209 and p.228 and Figure 6-1 UMLS:C0011646 ncithesaurus:Dermis corium corium BTO:0000294 cutis BTO:0000294 Lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages. It is derived from the mesoderm, but unlike the dermis, it is not derived from the dermatome region of the mesoderm. The hypodermis is used mainly for fat storage[WP]. A layer separating the inner face of the dermis from the subjacent muscle cells. It is covered on both sides by a basement membrane. It contains pigment cells. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] A layer separating the inner face of the dermis from the subjacent muscle cells. It is covered on both sides by a basement membrane. It contains pigment cells[FMA:70544]. hypodermal subcutaneous subcutaneus BTO has 'subcutis', as part of dermis. We follow FMA in having distinct classes for hypodermis and superficial fascia, and including these as part of the non-skin intgeument. BTO:0001314 CALOHA:TS-2366 EMAPA:37505 FMA:70544 NCIT:C33645 TAO:0001136 UMLS:C0278403 ZFA:0001136 hypoderm vertebrate hypodermis uberon sub-tegumental tissue subcutaneous tissue subcutis subtegumental tissue superficial fascia tela subcutanea UBERON:0002072 hypodermis ZFA FMA-modified Lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages. It is derived from the mesoderm, but unlike the dermis, it is not derived from the dermatome region of the mesoderm. The hypodermis is used mainly for fat storage[WP]. A layer separating the inner face of the dermis from the subjacent muscle cells. It is covered on both sides by a basement membrane. It contains pigment cells. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001136 TAO ZFIN:curator A layer separating the inner face of the dermis from the subjacent muscle cells. It is covered on both sides by a basement membrane. It contains pigment cells[FMA:70544]. FMA:70544 BTO has 'subcutis', as part of dermis. We follow FMA in having distinct classes for hypodermis and superficial fascia, and including these as part of the non-skin intgeument. BTO EMAPA:37505 MA:th UMLS:C0278403 ncithesaurus:Subcutis sub-tegumental tissue BTO:0004525 subcutaneous tissue subtegumental tissue BTO:0004525 superficial fascia tela subcutanea An organ that is located within the body cavity (or in its extension, in the scrotum); it consists of organ parts that are embryologically derived from endoderm, splanchnic mesoderm or intermediate mesoderm; together with other organs, the viscus constitutes the respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, reproductive and immune systems, or is the central organ of the cardiovascular system. Examples: heart, lung, esophagus, kidney, ovary, spleen. An internal organ of the body; especially: one (as the heart, liver, or intestine) located in the great cavity of the trunk proper.[AAO] general anatomical term in FMA. Note that we place the MA class here temporarily, although properly systems should be distinguished from organs. AAO:0010386 BTO:0001491 EHDAA:512 EMAPA:16245 FMA:7085 MA:0000019 MESH:D014781 NCIT:C28287 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002201 UMLS:C0042779 XAO:0003034 visceral organ visceral organ system uberon Organsystem@de splanchnic tissue viscera visceral tissue UBERON:0002075 viscus An organ that is located within the body cavity (or in its extension, in the scrotum); it consists of organ parts that are embryologically derived from endoderm, splanchnic mesoderm or intermediate mesoderm; together with other organs, the viscus constitutes the respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, reproductive and immune systems, or is the central organ of the cardiovascular system. Examples: heart, lung, esophagus, kidney, ovary, spleen. BTO:0001491 An internal organ of the body; especially: one (as the heart, liver, or intestine) located in the great cavity of the trunk proper.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010386 AAO BTO:0001491 general anatomical term in FMA. Note that we place the MA class here temporarily, although properly systems should be distinguished from organs. FMA UMLS:C0042779 ncithesaurus:Viscera visceral organ RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002201 visceral organ system MA:0000019 Organsystem@de BTO:0001491 splanchnic tissue BTO:0001491 visceral tissue BTO:0001491 The postcranial subdivision of skeleton structural components forming the long axis of the vertebrate body; in Danio, consisting of the notochord, vertebrae, ribs, supraneurals, intermuscular bones, and unpaired median fins; in human consists of the bones of the vertebral column, the thoracic cage and the pelvis[ZFA+FMA]. Skeletal subdivision of the central body axis including vertebrae, notochord, ribs, and sternum.[VSAO] The axial skeleton is formed by the vertebral column, a metameric, semi-flexible, arched bar located in the dorsal part of the trunk, and is formed by a series of cartilaginous or bony vertebrae. It provides suspension for the appendicular skeleton and protection for the spinal nerve cord.[AAO] The post-cranial structural components forming the long axis of the vertebrate body; usually consists of the notochord, vertebrae, ribs, supraneurals, intermuscular bones, and unpaired median fins.[TAO] The axial musculoskeletal system represents the plesiomorphic locomotor engine of the vertebrate body, playing a central role in locomotion. In craniates, the evolution of the postcranial skeleton is characterized by two major transformations. First, the axial skeleton became increasingly functionally and morphologically regionalized. Second, the axial-based locomotion plesiomorphic for craniates became progressively appendage-based with the evolution of extremities in tetrapods.[well established][VHOG] axial skeleton AAO:0000034 EFO:0000942 EHDAA2:0000161 EHDAA:5049 EMAPA:17214 EMAPA:37721 FMA:71221 MA:0002986 MAT:0000148 MIAA:0000148 TAO:0000317 VHOG:0000317 VSAO:0000093 XAO:0003073 ZFA:0000317 post-cranial axial skeleton uberon UBERON:0002090 previous some AOs had used the term 'axial skeleton' to include the skull. This is being resolved (see tracker items above). Status: MA - fixed. postcranial axial skeleton http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/The-axial-skeleton The postcranial subdivision of skeleton structural components forming the long axis of the vertebrate body; in Danio, consisting of the notochord, vertebrae, ribs, supraneurals, intermuscular bones, and unpaired median fins; in human consists of the bones of the vertebral column, the thoracic cage and the pelvis[ZFA+FMA]. ZFA:0000317 Skeletal subdivision of the central body axis including vertebrae, notochord, ribs, and sternum.[VSAO] 2012-08-14 VSAO:0000093 VSAO PSPUB:0000170 The axial skeleton is formed by the vertebral column, a metameric, semi-flexible, arched bar located in the dorsal part of the trunk, and is formed by a series of cartilaginous or bony vertebrae. It provides suspension for the appendicular skeleton and protection for the spinal nerve cord.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000034 AAO AAO:LAP The post-cranial structural components forming the long axis of the vertebrate body; usually consists of the notochord, vertebrae, ribs, supraneurals, intermuscular bones, and unpaired median fins.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000317 TAO ZFIN:curator The axial musculoskeletal system represents the plesiomorphic locomotor engine of the vertebrate body, playing a central role in locomotion. In craniates, the evolution of the postcranial skeleton is characterized by two major transformations. First, the axial skeleton became increasingly functionally and morphologically regionalized. Second, the axial-based locomotion plesiomorphic for craniates became progressively appendage-based with the evolution of extremities in tetrapods.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000317 VHOG DOI:10.1186/1742-9994-8-4 Schilling N, Evolution of the axial system in craniates: morphology and function of the perivertebral musculature. Frontiers in Zoology (2011) axial skeleton FMA:71221 EMAPA:37721 MA:th The organ covering the body that consists of the dermis and epidermis. consider 'integumentary system' for invertebrates MA uses the term skin to refer to what is called here: zone of skin BTO:0001253 CALOHA:TS-0934 EFO:0000962 EHDAA2:0001844 EMAPA:17525 FMA:7163 MESH:D012867 MFMO:0000099 NCIT:C12470 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjX3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C1123023 XAO:0000023 galen:Skin entire skin skin organ uberon entire integument integument integumental organ pelt skin UBERON:0002097 skin of body Wikipathways:WP2062 The organ covering the body that consists of the dermis and epidermis. UBERON:cjm MA uses the term skin to refer to what is called here: zone of skin FMA UMLS:C1123023 ncithesaurus:Skin The thin membranous structure between the two heart atria or the thick muscular structure between the two heart ventricles. 'Terrestrial vertebrates have divided hearts in which septae separate the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood within the pulmonary and systemic circulations' in GO, septum morphogenesis is part of cardiac chamber morphogenesis; need to add axioms to infer this EMAPA:35400 FMA:7180 GAID:562 MA:0000083 MESH:D006346 NCIT:C49485 UMLS:C0018819 XAO:0004141 cardiac septa heart septa heart septum septum of heart uberon spiral septa UBERON:0002099 cardiac septum The thin membranous structure between the two heart atria or the thick muscular structure between the two heart ventricles. MESH:A07.541.459 in GO, septum morphogenesis is part of cardiac chamber morphogenesis; need to add axioms to infer this GO UMLS:C0018819 ncithesaurus:Heart_Septum cardiac septa heart septa spiral septa XAO:0004141 Organism subdivision which is the part of the body posterior to the cervical region (or head, when cervical region not present) and anterior to the caudal region. Includes the sacrum when present. Organism subdivision that is the part of the body posterior to the head and anterior to the tail.[AAO] Organism subdivision which is the part of the body posterior to the head and anterior to the tail.[TAO] AAO:0010339 BILA:0000116 BTO:0001493 CALOHA:TS-1071 EFO:0000966 EMAPA:31857 FMA:7181 MA:0000004 MAT:0000296 MIAA:0000296 NCIT:C33816 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkJjpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0001115 UMLS:C0460005 XAO:0000054 XAO:0003025 ZFA:0001115 galen:Trunk thoracolumbar region torso trunk region uberon Rumpf UBERON:0002100 trunk Organism subdivision which is the part of the body posterior to the cervical region (or head, when cervical region not present) and anterior to the caudal region. Includes the sacrum when present. TAO:0001115 UBERONREF:0000006 Organism subdivision that is the part of the body posterior to the head and anterior to the tail.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010339 AAO AAO:BJB Organism subdivision which is the part of the body posterior to the head and anterior to the tail.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001115 TAO ZFIN:curator UMLS:C0460005 ncithesaurus:Trunk trunk region XAO:0000054 Rumpf BTO:0001493 The sensory system subserving the sense of vision. The sensory system used for sight.[AAO] UBERON:0007036 AAO:0000632 BILA:0000140 EMAPA:36003 FMA:7191 MA:0002444 NCIT:C12888 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViCtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0001127 UMLS:C0587900 XAO:0003198 ZFA:0001127 photosensory system visual organ system uberon UBERON:0002104 visual system The sensory system subserving the sense of vision. NIFSTD:FMAID_7191 The sensory system used for sight.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000632 AAO AAO:EJS UMLS:C0587900 ncithesaurus:Visual_System photosensory system BILA:0000140 A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an artery [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0000087 CALOHA:TS-1198 EMAPA:36285 FMA:72024 MA:0000708 NCIT:C49195 UMLS:C1706851 arterial smooth muscle artery smooth muscle artery smooth muscle tissue smooth muscle of artery uberon arterial smooth muscle cell UBERON:0002111 artery smooth muscle tissue A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an artery [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic UMLS:C1706851 ncithesaurus:Artery_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue arterial smooth muscle BTO:0000087 smooth muscle of artery FMA:72024 arterial smooth muscle cell BTO:0000087 The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers[GO]. Layer that lines the lumen of the heart.[TAO] Part of the heart comprised of thin serous membrane, composed of endothelial tissue, that lines the interior of the heart.[AAO] Tunica intima which has as its parts the endothelium of endocardium and the fibroelastic connective tissue that surrounds the cavity of a cardiac chamber. UBERON:0006225 AAO:0010408 BTO:0000387 CALOHA:TS-2075 EFO:0000821 EHDAA2:0004153 EMAPA:17868 EMAPA:32686 EV:0100021 FMA:7280 GAID:550 MA:0000076 MAT:0000455 MESH:D004699 NCIT:C13004 OpenCyc:Mx4rsWA75K1cEduAAADggVaqvw TAO:0001320 UMLS:C0014124 VHOG:0000084 XAO:0000066 ZFA:0001320 galen:Endocardium endocardial lining endocardial tissue heart endocardium uberon heart endocardial tissue UBERON:0002165 fixed in GO to reflect FMA. See email to David/Varsha June 18 2010 endocardium Bgee:AN The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers[GO]. GO:0003157 Layer that lines the lumen of the heart.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001320 TAO ZFIN:curator Part of the heart comprised of thin serous membrane, composed of endothelial tissue, that lines the interior of the heart.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010408 AAO AAO:BJB Tunica intima which has as its parts the endothelium of endocardium and the fibroelastic connective tissue that surrounds the cavity of a cardiac chamber. FMA:7280 UMLS:C0014124 ncithesaurus:Endocardium endocardial lining EMAPA:32686 endocardial tissue EMAPA:17868 heart endocardial tissue VHOG:0000084 Lung which consists of the right upper lobe, middle lobe and right lower lobe.[FMA] Lungs had already developed as paired ventral pockets from the intestine in the ancestor of Osteognathostomata.[well established][VHOG] https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern EHDAA2:0001730 EHDAA:4969 EMAPA:17661 FMA:7309 MA:0000426 NCIT:C33483 OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgHsHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVjKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0225706 VHOG:0000301 uberon UBERON:0002167 right lung Lung which consists of the right upper lobe, middle lobe and right lower lobe.[FMA] FMA:FMA Lungs had already developed as paired ventral pockets from the intestine in the ancestor of Osteognathostomata.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000301 VHOG ISBN:978-0198566694 Schmidt-Rhaesa A, The evolution of organ systems (2007) p.210 UMLS:C0225706 ncithesaurus:Right_Lung Lung which consists of the left upper lobe and left lower lobe.[FMA] Lungs had already developed as paired ventral pockets from the intestine in the ancestor of Osteognathostomata.[well established][VHOG] https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern EHDAA2:0000943 EHDAA:4947 EMAPA:17653 FMA:7310 MA:0000425 NCIT:C32967 OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgIFoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVjKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0225730 VHOG:0000618 uberon UBERON:0002168 left lung Lung which consists of the left upper lobe and left lower lobe.[FMA] FMA:FMA Lungs had already developed as paired ventral pockets from the intestine in the ancestor of Osteognathostomata.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000618 VHOG ISBN:978-0198566694 Schmidt-Rhaesa A, The evolution of organ systems (2007) p.210 UMLS:C0225730 ncithesaurus:Left_Lung A portion of adipose tissue that is part of the hypodermis, beneath the dermis. the superficial portion of the subcutaneous tissue which is specialized for fat storage[MP:0011156] UBERON:0008875 panniculus adiposus BTO:0004042 EMAPA:35829 FMA:74315 MA:0000473 fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue hypodermis fat layer panniculus adiposus (tela subcutanea) panniculus adiposus telae subcutaneae subcutaneous fat layer uberon fatty layer of superficial fascia subcutaneous fat UBERON:0002190 subcutaneous adipose tissue A portion of adipose tissue that is part of the hypodermis, beneath the dermis. the superficial portion of the subcutaneous tissue which is specialized for fat storage[MP:0011156] MP:0011156 panniculus adiposus MP:0011156 fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue FMA:74315 hypodermis fat layer MP:0011156 panniculus adiposus (tela subcutanea) FMA:74315 FMA:TA panniculus adiposus telae subcutaneae FMA:74315 FMA:TA subcutaneous fat layer MP:0011156 fatty layer of superficial fascia FMA:74315 subcutaneous fat BTO:0004042 Anatomical cluster consisting of the hematopoietic system and the lymphoid system, or its analogs. CALOHA:TS-2018 EHDAA2:0004615 EMAPA:18765 FMA:74562 MA:0000013 hematolymphoid system lymphomyeloid complex uberon haemolymphoid system UBERON:0002193 hemolymphoid system MA Anatomical cluster consisting of the hematopoietic system and the lymphoid system, or its analogs. The dermis, epidermis and hypodermis. in FMA intergument = skin+superficial fascia(hypodermis), skin=dermis+epidermis+hair_nail. Note that the definition provided here excludes the more general sense of the term 'integument' used in invertebrates; consider 'integumental system'. Note that the VSAO class appears to include adnexa by its definition. Anatomical system that protects the body from damage, comprising the skin and its appendages.[AAO] Surface structure that is the outer protective covering of the body.[VSAO] The outer protective barrier that separates the animal from its aquatic environment. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] integumental integumentary AAO:0000239 BTO:0000634 EMAPA:37504 FMA:74657 TAO:0000368 VSAO:0000029 ZFA:0000368 galen:Integument dermis plus epidermis plus hypodermis integumentum commune skin and subcutaneous tissue skin plus hypodermis the integument uberon Hautsystem@de dermal system dermoid system skin tegument vertebrate integument UBERON:0002199 integument FMA FMA The dermis, epidermis and hypodermis. Anatomical system that protects the body from damage, comprising the skin and its appendages.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000239 AAO AAO:EJS Surface structure that is the outer protective covering of the body.[VSAO] 2012-08-14 VSAO:0000029 VSAO PSPUB:0000170 The outer protective barrier that separates the animal from its aquatic environment. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000368 TAO ZFIN:curator EMAPA:37504 MA:th integumentum commune FMA:74657 FMA:TA the integument FMA:74657 Hautsystem@de BTO:0000634 dermal system BTO:0000634 dermoid system BTO:0000634 tegument BTO:0000634 Vasculature that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. EFO:0003656 FMA:74710 TAO:0001267 XAO:0004152 ZFA:0001267 adult head vascular network adult head vasculature cranial vasculature head vascular network vascular network of adult head vascular network of head vasculature of adult head uberon head vasculature UBERON:0002200 vasculature of head Vasculature that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic adult head vascular network OBOL:automatic adult head vasculature OBOL:automatic head vascular network OBOL:automatic vascular network of adult head OBOL:automatic vascular network of head OBOL:automatic vasculature of adult head OBOL:automatic A vasculature that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:74712 TAO:0005024 ZFA:0005024 torso vascular network torso vasculature trunk vascular network trunk vasculature vascular network of torso vascular network of trunk vasculature of torso uberon UBERON:0002201 vasculature of trunk A vasculature that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic torso vascular network OBOL:automatic torso vasculature OBOL:automatic trunk vascular network OBOL:automatic vascular network of torso OBOL:automatic vascular network of trunk OBOL:automatic vasculature of torso OBOL:automatic Vasculature that is part of the eye region. not part of the eye in ZFA. Note this changed to a blood vessel in ZFA FMA:74743 TAO:0007057 ZFA:0007057 eye vascular network ocular blood vessel ocular vasculature vascular network of eye uberon eye vasculature optic vasculature UBERON:0002203 vasculature of eye ISBN:0781772214 Vasculature that is part of the eye region. OBOL:automatic not part of the eye in ZFA. Note this changed to a blood vessel in ZFA ZFA eye vascular network OBOL:automatic ocular blood vessel ZFA:0007057 vascular network of eye OBOL:automatic Anatomical system that consists of the muscular and skeletal systems. Anatomical system that provides locomotion and physical support to the organism.[AAO] There are more than 50,000 extant vertebrate species, representing over 500 million years of evolution. During that time, the vertebrate musculoskeletal systems have adapted to aquatic, terrestrial, fossorial, and arboreal lifestyles, while simultaneously retaining functionally integrated axial and appendicular skeletal systems.[well established][VHOG] musculoskeletal AAO:0010546 CALOHA:TS-1311 EMAPA:32714 EV:0100139 FMA:7482 GAID:98 MA:0002418 MESH:D009141 NCIT:C12754 OpenCyc:Mx4rQRpVNgAKEdyHxgDggVfs8g UMLS:C0026860 VHOG:0001275 VSAO:0000031 XAO:0000168 musculo-skeletal system uberon UBERON:0002204 musculoskeletal system check ctenophore Anatomical system that consists of the muscular and skeletal systems. VSAO:0000031 VSAO:curator Anatomical system that provides locomotion and physical support to the organism.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010546 AAO AAO:EJS There are more than 50,000 extant vertebrate species, representing over 500 million years of evolution. During that time, the vertebrate musculoskeletal systems have adapted to aquatic, terrestrial, fossorial, and arboreal lifestyles, while simultaneously retaining functionally integrated axial and appendicular skeletal systems.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001275 VHOG DOI:10.1002/jez.b.21246 Shearman RM, Burke AC, The lateral somitic frontier in ontogeny and phylogeny. Journal of Experimental Zoology (2009) UMLS:C0026860 ncithesaurus:Musculoskeletal_System Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by an articular capsule which encloses a synovial membrane and a synovial cavity. Examples: Temporomandibular joint, knee joint.[FMA] Is a joint that is located at the point of contact of articulating bones allowing movement. The joint has a capsule containing synovial fluid surrounding the articulating bone surfaces.[TAO] AEO:0000183 CALOHA:TS-2138 EHDAA2:0003183 FMA:7501 MA:0000322 NCIT:C32461 OpenCyc:Mx4rv2bBV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0005153 ZFA:0005153 galen:SynovialJoint articulatio synoviale diarthroses diarthrosis diarthrosis joint uberon diarthrodial joints UBERON:0002217 synovial joint Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by an articular capsule which encloses a synovial membrane and a synovial cavity. Examples: Temporomandibular joint, knee joint.[FMA] FMA:7501 Is a joint that is located at the point of contact of articulating bones allowing movement. The joint has a capsule containing synovial fluid surrounding the articulating bone surfaces.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0005153 TAO ZFIN:Curator diarthroses ZFA:0005153 diarthrodial joints ZFA:0005153 The part of the coelemic cavity lumen that is enclosed by the walls of the thorax. In many species, the diaphragm separates thoracic and abdominal cavities EMAPA:36497 FMA:7565 GAID:93 MA:0000032 MESH:A01.911.800 NCIT:C12905 OpenCyc:Mx4rmvyleLfEEduAAAACs6hRXg OpenCyc:Mx4rvhU_TpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0230139 cavitas thoracis cavity of chest cavity of thorax chest cavity pectoral cavity space of thoracic compartment thoracic lumen uberon UBERON:0002224 thoracic cavity The part of the coelemic cavity lumen that is enclosed by the walls of the thorax. UBERON:cjm UMLS:C0230139 ncithesaurus:Thoracic_Cavity cavitas thoracis space of thoracic compartment FMA:7565 Part of the central nervous system located in the vertebral canal continuous with and caudal to the brain; demarcated from brain by plane of foramen magnum. It is composed of an inner core of gray matter in which nerve cells predominate, and an outer layer of white matter in which myelinated nerve fibers predominate, and surrounds the central canal. (CUMBO) TODO - add superclass to unify with VNC? Part of the central nervous system which descends from the hindbrain within the vertebral column.[AAO] (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...) (reference 1); The neural tube is destined to differentiate into the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] AAO:0010151 BAMS:SP BAMS:Spinal BIRNLEX:1709 BM:SpC BTO:0001279 CALOHA:TS-0953 DHBA:12890 DMBA:17651 EFO:0000110 EHDAA2:0001255 EHDAA:2863 EMAPA:17577 EV:0100316 FMA:7647 GAID:695 MA:0000216 MAT:0000183 MESH:D013116 MIAA:0000183 NCIT:C12464 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjjk5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000075 UMLS:C0037925 VHOG:0000601 XAO:0000020 ZFA:0000075 http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=22 uberon SpC cerebro-cerebellar fissure cerebrocerebellar fissure fissura cerebro-cerebellaris fissura cerebrocerebellaris medulla spinalis spinal cord structure spinal medulla UBERON:0002240 spinal cord definitional definitional Part of the central nervous system located in the vertebral canal continuous with and caudal to the brain; demarcated from brain by plane of foramen magnum. It is composed of an inner core of gray matter in which nerve cells predominate, and an outer layer of white matter in which myelinated nerve fibers predominate, and surrounds the central canal. (CUMBO) BIRNLEX:1709 Part of the central nervous system which descends from the hindbrain within the vertebral column.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010151 AAO AAO:BJB (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...) (reference 1); The neural tube is destined to differentiate into the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000601 VHOG ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28, ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.165 UMLS:C0037925 BIRNLEX:1709 UMLS:C0037925 ncithesaurus:Spinal_Cord http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=22 BIRNLEX:1709 SpC cerebro-cerebellar fissure NeuroNames:22 cerebrocerebellar fissure NeuroNames:22 fissura cerebro-cerebellaris NeuroNames:22 fissura cerebrocerebellaris NeuroNames:22 medulla spinalis medulla spinalis BTO:0001279 spinal cord structure ZFA:0000075 spinal medulla BTO:0001279 Stalk-like part of the brain that includes amongst its parts the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain and the tegmentum of the midbrain[ZFA,MP,generalized]. Multi-tissue structure that has as its parts the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain and the tegmentum of the midbrain.[TAO] Multi-tissue structure that has as its parts the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain and the tegmentum of the midbrain[ZFA,adopted][ZFA:0001707]. the stalk-like part of the brain that comprises the midbrain (aka mesencephalon), the pons (aka pons Varolii), and the medulla oblongata, and connects the cerebral hemispheres with the cervical spinal cord[MP] BAMS:BS BIRNLEX:1565 BTO:0000146 CALOHA:TS-0093 EFO:0001962 EMAPA:32678 EV:0100241 FMA:79876 MA:0000169 MBA:343 MESH:D001933 NCIT:C12441 TAO:0002156 UMLS:C0006121 VHOG:0001457 ZFA:0001707 http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=236 brain stem truncus encephali uberon accessory medullary lamina of pallidum lamella pallidi incompleta lamina medullaris accessoria lamina medullaris incompleta pallidi lamina pallidi incompleta truncus encephalicus UBERON:0002298 'brainstem' is a loose term that sometimes refers to the ventral parts o the brain except for any part of the telencephalon - sometimes it includes the diencephalon or subpallial telencephalon structures (ISBN:0471888893). Here we use it in a more restriced sense, to include only the medulla oblongata, pons (when present) and the midbrain tegmentum (following the ZFA definitions). brainstem Stalk-like part of the brain that includes amongst its parts the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain and the tegmentum of the midbrain[ZFA,MP,generalized]. ISBN:0471888893 MP:0005277 ZFA:0001707 Multi-tissue structure that has as its parts the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain and the tegmentum of the midbrain.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0002156 TAO ISBN:3764351209 Multi-tissue structure that has as its parts the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain and the tegmentum of the midbrain[ZFA,adopted][ZFA:0001707]. ZFA:0001707 the stalk-like part of the brain that comprises the midbrain (aka mesencephalon), the pons (aka pons Varolii), and the medulla oblongata, and connects the cerebral hemispheres with the cervical spinal cord[MP] MP:0005277 UMLS:C0006121 BIRNLEX:1565 UMLS:C0006121 ncithesaurus:Brain_Stem http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=236 BIRNLEX:1565 brain stem ABA:BS truncus encephali accessory medullary lamina of pallidum NeuroNames:236 lamella pallidi incompleta NeuroNames:236 lamina medullaris accessoria NeuroNames:236 lamina medullaris incompleta pallidi NeuroNames:236 lamina pallidi incompleta NeuroNames:236 truncus encephalicus BTO:0000146 The ridge-shaped grey matter of the spinal cord that extends longitudunally through the center of each half of the spinal cord, and are largely or entirely composed of nerve cell bodies and their dendrites and some supportive tissue. BAMS:Scgrey DHBA:146035048 EMAPA:35792 FMA:256580 MA:0000002 NCIT:C32696 NLXANAT:100204 UMLS:C0475853 gray matter of spinal cord gray substance of spinal cord grey matter of spinal cord grey substance of spinal cord spinal cord gray matter spinal cord grey matter spinal cord grey substance substantia grisea medullae spinalis uberon UBERON:0002315 gray matter of spinal cord The ridge-shaped grey matter of the spinal cord that extends longitudunally through the center of each half of the spinal cord, and are largely or entirely composed of nerve cell bodies and their dendrites and some supportive tissue. MP:0008503 UMLS:C0475853 ncithesaurus:Gray_Matter_of_the_Spinal_Cord gray matter of spinal cord OBOL:automatic gray substance of spinal cord FMA:256580 spinal cord gray matter OBOL:automatic spinal cord grey substance OBOL:automatic substantia grisea medullae spinalis FMA:256580 FMA:TA The cavity within the body of all animals higher than the coelenterates and certain primitive worms, formed by the splitting of the embryonic mesoderm into two layers. In mammals it forms the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities. check the FMA placement here; ncit placement of body cavity here probably not correct Anatomical space, part of the trunk that contains the pericardial and pleuroperitoneal cavities[ZFA]. The cavity within the body of all animals higher than the coelenterates and certain primitive worms, formed by the splitting of the embryonic mesoderm into two layers. In mammals it forms the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities[BTO]. In mammals it forms the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities UBERON:0000169 body cavity AEO:0000186 BTO:0001707 EHDAA2:0000267 FBbt:00005060 FMA:85006 NCIT:C25444 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003186 TAO:0001438 UMLS:C0333343 ZFA:0001438 galen:BodyCavity coelomic cavity coelomic cavity lumen main body cavity space of body compartment ventral body cavity uberon celom coelom coelome hemocoel UBERON:0002323 coelemic cavity lumen definitional The cavity within the body of all animals higher than the coelenterates and certain primitive worms, formed by the splitting of the embryonic mesoderm into two layers. In mammals it forms the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities. BTO:0001707 Anatomical space, part of the trunk that contains the pericardial and pleuroperitoneal cavities[ZFA]. 2012-09-12 ZFA:0001438 ZFA ZFIN:curator The cavity within the body of all animals higher than the coelenterates and certain primitive worms, formed by the splitting of the embryonic mesoderm into two layers. In mammals it forms the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities[BTO]. 2012-09-12 BTO:0001707 BTO BTO body cavity BTO:0001707 UMLS:C0333343 ncithesaurus:Cavity coelomic cavity EHDAA2:0000267 coelomic cavity lumen EHDAA2:0000267 space of body compartment FMA:85006 ventral body cavity NCBITaxon:7742 celom BTO:0001707 coelome BTO:0001707 hemocoel FBbt:00005060 A flexible rod-shaped body found in embryos of all chordates. It is composed of cells derived from the mesoderm and defines the primitive axis of the embryo. In some chordates, it persists throughout life as the main axial support of the body, while in most vertebrates it becomes the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc. The notochord is found ventral to the neural tube. Avascular multi-tissue structure composed of large vacuolated epithelial cells (chordablasts) and perichordal fibrous tissue.[VSAO] Rod-like principal supportive element of the embryo and larva, present in the midline just ventral to the neural tube, and differentiating during the segmentation period to form large vacuolated epithelial cells and a surrounding a sheath of fibrous and elastic layers. Layering of the sheath may differ in structure, thickness and development among groups; in cypriniforms there are actually three very thin layers to the sheath. A functional, well developed notochord is present throughout life in certain basal fish groups but not in cypriniforms. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] Slender rod of fibrous connective tissue surrounding a core of fluid-filled cells of mesodermal origin; it lies above the gut and directly beneath the spinal cord. The notochord is present during early development and in a few cases it is retained through life; however, usually the notochord is replaced by the vertebral column.[AAO] relationship type change: differentiates_from mesoderm (AAO:0000304) CHANGED TO: develops_from mesoderm (UBERON:0000926)[AAO] (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (3) a stiff, longitudinal rod of turgid cells along the dorsal part of the body that is called a notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] notochordal In between vertebra the notochord becomes the nucleus pulposus, under it degenerates, and at anterior end in some species its tissue merges with some of the cranial bones.. Some organisms retain a post-embryonic notochord. AAO:0000327 BTO:0001768 CALOHA:TS-0690 EHDAA2:0001277 EHDAA:1241 EHDAA:6021 EMAPA:16191 EV:0100002 FMA:85521 GAID:1311 MAT:0000281 MESH:A16.254.610 NCIT:C12463 TAO:0000135 UMLS:C0028439 VHOG:0000199 VSAO:0000032 XAO:0000055 ZFA:0000135 embryonic notocord notocord uberon notochorda UBERON:0002328 The notochord appears early in embryogeny and plays an important role in promoting or organizing the embryonic development of nearby structures. In most adult chordates the notochord disappears or becomes highly modified. In some non-vertebrate chordates and fishes the notochord persists as a laterally flexible but incompressible skeletal rod that prevents telescopic collapse of the body during swimming[TOLWEB] notochord VSAO ZFA EHDAA2 A flexible rod-shaped body found in embryos of all chordates. It is composed of cells derived from the mesoderm and defines the primitive axis of the embryo. In some chordates, it persists throughout life as the main axial support of the body, while in most vertebrates it becomes the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc. The notochord is found ventral to the neural tube. ISBN:0815318960 Avascular multi-tissue structure composed of large vacuolated epithelial cells (chordablasts) and perichordal fibrous tissue.[VSAO] 2012-08-14 VSAO:0000032 VSAO PSPUB:0000170 Rod-like principal supportive element of the embryo and larva, present in the midline just ventral to the neural tube, and differentiating during the segmentation period to form large vacuolated epithelial cells and a surrounding a sheath of fibrous and elastic layers. Layering of the sheath may differ in structure, thickness and development among groups; in cypriniforms there are actually three very thin layers to the sheath. A functional, well developed notochord is present throughout life in certain basal fish groups but not in cypriniforms. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000135 TAO ZFIN:curator Slender rod of fibrous connective tissue surrounding a core of fluid-filled cells of mesodermal origin; it lies above the gut and directly beneath the spinal cord. The notochord is present during early development and in a few cases it is retained through life; however, usually the notochord is replaced by the vertebral column.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000327 AAO AAO:LAP relationship type change: differentiates_from mesoderm (AAO:0000304) CHANGED TO: develops_from mesoderm (UBERON:0000926)[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000327 AAO (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (3) a stiff, longitudinal rod of turgid cells along the dorsal part of the body that is called a notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000199 VHOG ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28 UMLS:C0028439 ncithesaurus:Notochord notocord ZFA:0000135 notochorda Somites are spheres of epithelial cells that form sequentially along the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo through mesenchymal to epithelial transition of the presomitic mesoderm. currently classified as an epithelial vesicle, consistent with EHDAA2 and https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest. Consider making 'somitic mesoderm' a separate term and correlate with regionalization processes. Consider moving ZFA term to 'trunk somite' as it is part of the trunk Post-cranial axial segments which form sclerotome and dermomyotome.[AAO] Undifferentiated mesodermal components of early trunk or tail segments or metameres, derived from paraxial mesoderm; forms myotomes, sclerotomes and perhaps dermatomes. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] relationship loss: develops_from paraxial mesenchyme (TAO:0000942)[TAO] relationship type change: OBO_REL:part_of trunk (TAO:0001115) CHANGED TO: develops_from trunk (UBERON:0002100)[TAO] relationship type change: part_of paraxial mesoderm (AAO:0010568) CHANGED TO: develops_from paraxial mesoderm (UBERON:0003077)[AAO] (...) cephalocordates and craniates belong to a group known as Somitichordata. Somitichordate synapomorphies include (1) somites (...) (reference 1); The idea that the last common ancestor of bilaterian animals (Urbilateria) was segmented has been raised recently on evidence coming from comparative molecular embryology (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] somitic mesodermal cluster AAO:0010569 AEO:0001015 BTO:0001558 EHDAA2:0003436 EHDAA:366 EHDAA:699 EMAPA:31169 FMA:85522 GAID:1306 MAT:0000068 MESH:A16.254.425.660.750 MIAA:0000068 NCIT:C34302 TAO:0000155 UMLS:C0376449 VHOG:0000191 XAO:0000058 ZFA:0000155 uberon epimere epimere mesoderm epithelial somite somites somitic mesoderm somitus UBERON:0002329 When the somite becomes segmented from the segmental plate, it is composed of an epithelial sac enclosing mesenchymal somitocoel cells. Thereafter the somite differentiates into two parts, the ventro-medial mesenchymal sclerotome and the dorso-lateral epithelial dermomyotome. This change in the epithelial somite depends on surrounding tissue [PMID:15906248] somite EHDAA2 ZFA Somites are spheres of epithelial cells that form sequentially along the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo through mesenchymal to epithelial transition of the presomitic mesoderm. Post-cranial axial segments which form sclerotome and dermomyotome.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010569 AAO AAO:EJS Undifferentiated mesodermal components of early trunk or tail segments or metameres, derived from paraxial mesoderm; forms myotomes, sclerotomes and perhaps dermatomes. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000155 TAO ZFIN:curator relationship loss: develops_from paraxial mesenchyme (TAO:0000942)[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000155 TAO relationship type change: OBO_REL:part_of trunk (TAO:0001115) CHANGED TO: develops_from trunk (UBERON:0002100)[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000155 TAO relationship type change: part_of paraxial mesoderm (AAO:0010568) CHANGED TO: develops_from paraxial mesoderm (UBERON:0003077)[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010569 AAO (...) cephalocordates and craniates belong to a group known as Somitichordata. Somitichordate synapomorphies include (1) somites (...) (reference 1); The idea that the last common ancestor of bilaterian animals (Urbilateria) was segmented has been raised recently on evidence coming from comparative molecular embryology (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000191 VHOG ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.40, DOI:10.1093/icb/43.1.137 Balavoine G, Adoutte A, The segmented urbilateria: a testable scenario. Integrative and Comparative Biology (2003) mesodermal cluster GO:0001756 UMLS:C0376449 ncithesaurus:Somite epimere ISBN:0073040584 epithelial somite somites somitus Anatomical system that consists of the glands and parts of glands that produce exocrine secretions and help to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity. Exocrine glands are glands that secrete their products (hormones) into ducts (duct glands). They are the counterparts to endocrine glands, which secrete their products (hormones) directly into the bloodstream (ductless glands) or release hormones (paracrines) that affect only target cells nearby the release site. [Wikipedia]. CALOHA:TS-2057 EHDAA2:0002225 EMAPA:35329 FMA:85539 MA:0002411 NCIT:C12957 UMLS:C1516995 WikipediaCategory:Exocrine_system exocrine glandular system uberon UBERON:0002330 exocrine system Anatomical system that consists of the glands and parts of glands that produce exocrine secretions and help to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity. Exocrine glands are glands that secrete their products (hormones) into ducts (duct glands). They are the counterparts to endocrine glands, which secrete their products (hormones) directly into the bloodstream (ductless glands) or release hormones (paracrines) that affect only target cells nearby the release site. [Wikipedia]. UMLS:C1516995 ncithesaurus:Exocrine_System exocrine glandular system EHDAA2:0002225 An arterial trunk which is continuous with the heart and branches into the pulmonary arteries. An arterial trunk with origin from the right ventricle of the heart, and dividing into the right and left pulmonary arteries, which enter the corresponding lungs and branch with the bronchi. [TFD][VHOG] As in birds, the conus arteriosus split during embryonic development in mammals to produce the pulmonary trunk and single aortic trunk of the adult.[well established][VHOG] EHDAA2:0001576 EHDAA:9831 EMAPA:17015 FMA:8612 MA:0002033 NCIT:C116918 OpenCyc:Mx4rv-6d0ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA VHOG:0001134 galen:PulmonaryTrunk pulmonary artery (trunk) trunk of pulmonary arterial tree uberon main pulmonary artery UBERON:0002333 pulmonary trunk MA An arterial trunk which is continuous with the heart and branches into the pulmonary arteries. An arterial trunk with origin from the right ventricle of the heart, and dividing into the right and left pulmonary arteries, which enter the corresponding lungs and branch with the bronchi. [TFD][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001134 VHOG As in birds, the conus arteriosus split during embryonic development in mammals to produce the pulmonary trunk and single aortic trunk of the adult.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001134 VHOG ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.481 main pulmonary artery A specialized region of ectoderm found between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm and composed of highly migratory pluripotent cells that delaminate in early embryonic development from the dorsal neural tube and give rise to an astounding variety of differentiated cell types[MP]. consider including subclasses for pre- and post- migratory (e.g. sheets/paths/streams). A cell population arising from the dorsolateral aspect of the central nervous system primordium during the segmentation period, and later migrating along stereotyped pathways to give rise to a diverse and well-defined set of cell types including pigment cells, peripheral neurons and glia, and head cartilage. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] Migratory cell population which delaminates from neural tube, borders surface ectoderm and neural ectoderm, and gives rise to many different tissue types.[AAO] A well developed neural crest population is present in lampreys (Horigome et al. 1999 ; Tomsa & Langeland, 1999) and gnathostomes. chordate fossils from the early Cambrian (Yunnanozoan and Haikouella) with apparent neural-crest derived structures (pharyngeal denticles and pharyngeal skeletons resembling the striped mucocartilage of the branchial bars in lamprey ammocoete larvae), suggests that neural crest arose very early in vertebrate evolution (Chen et al. 1999; Holland & Chen, 2001). The invertebrate chordates apparently lack defini- tive neural crest. One marker of migrating neural crest in some vertebrates, the antibody HNK1, does not recognize any cells in amphioxus embryos (Holland, unpublished). Even so, in both amphioxus and tunicates, cells at the edges of the neural plate and adjacent nonneural ectoderm share some properties of neural crest[PMID:11523831] We conclude that the neural crest is a vertebrate novelty, but that neural crest cells and their derivatives evolved and diversified in a step-wise fashion - first by elaboration of neural plate border cells, then by the innovation or co-option of new or ancient metazoan cell fates.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0010578 BTO:0001764 CALOHA:TS-0676 EHDAA2:0004419 EMAPA:32737 FMA:86666 GAID:1310 MAT:0000066 MESH:A16.254.600 MIAA:0000066 NCIT:C34222 TAO:0000045 UMLS:C0027789 VHOG:0000057 XAO:0000048 ZFA:0000045 NC uberon crista neuralis neural crest material UBERON:0002342 Gene notes: Many factors and genes, such as Pax3 (Tremblay et al., 1995), slug (Nieto et al., 1994), AP-2 (Zhang et al., 1996; Schorle et al., 1996), and Wnt-1/3a (Ikeya et al., 1997) are expressed in the dorsal most region of the neural tube, and have been shown to be involved in the generation of neural crest cells. neural crest XAO BTO A specialized region of ectoderm found between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm and composed of highly migratory pluripotent cells that delaminate in early embryonic development from the dorsal neural tube and give rise to an astounding variety of differentiated cell types[MP]. MP:0009846 ISBN:0073040584 A cell population arising from the dorsolateral aspect of the central nervous system primordium during the segmentation period, and later migrating along stereotyped pathways to give rise to a diverse and well-defined set of cell types including pigment cells, peripheral neurons and glia, and head cartilage. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000045 TAO ZFIN:curator Migratory cell population which delaminates from neural tube, borders surface ectoderm and neural ectoderm, and gives rise to many different tissue types.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010578 AAO AAO:EJS A well developed neural crest population is present in lampreys (Horigome et al. 1999 ; Tomsa & Langeland, 1999) and gnathostomes. chordate fossils from the early Cambrian (Yunnanozoan and Haikouella) with apparent neural-crest derived structures (pharyngeal denticles and pharyngeal skeletons resembling the striped mucocartilage of the branchial bars in lamprey ammocoete larvae), suggests that neural crest arose very early in vertebrate evolution (Chen et al. 1999; Holland & Chen, 2001). The invertebrate chordates apparently lack defini- tive neural crest. One marker of migrating neural crest in some vertebrates, the antibody HNK1, does not recognize any cells in amphioxus embryos (Holland, unpublished). Even so, in both amphioxus and tunicates, cells at the edges of the neural plate and adjacent nonneural ectoderm share some properties of neural crest[PMID:11523831] We conclude that the neural crest is a vertebrate novelty, but that neural crest cells and their derivatives evolved and diversified in a step-wise fashion - first by elaboration of neural plate border cells, then by the innovation or co-option of new or ancient metazoan cell fates.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000057 VHOG DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2012.01495.x Hall BK, Gillis JA, Incremental evolution of the neural crest, neural crest cells and neural crest-derived skeletal tissues. J Anat (2012) UMLS:C0027789 ncithesaurus:Neural_Crest NC XAO:0000048 crista neuralis neural crest material VHOG:0000057 Embryonic ectoderm that gives rise to nervous tissue. (...) the ability of ectoderm to produce neuronal cells is a general metazoan feature.[well established][VHOG] neurectodermal we prefer neurectoderm to neural ectoderm since placodal ectoderm is not classified here AAO:0011074 BILA:0000039 CALOHA:TS-1212 EHDAA2:0001248 EHDAA:1498 EHDAA:255 EMAPA:16073 EV:0100004 FBbt:00001061 FMA:87657 MAT:0000176 MIAA:0000176 NCIT:C34228 TAO:0001120 UMLS:C1518271 VHOG:0000150 XAO:0000042 ZFA:0001120 neural ectoderm neuroectoderm uberon epithelium tubi neuralis; neuroectoderma neuaral ectoderm presumptive central nervous system ventral neurogenic region UBERON:0002346 neurectoderm Embryonic ectoderm that gives rise to nervous tissue. (...) the ability of ectoderm to produce neuronal cells is a general metazoan feature.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000150 VHOG DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001) UMLS:C1518271 ncithesaurus:Neuroectoderm epithelium tubi neuralis; neuroectoderma ventral neurogenic region VHOG:0000150 A gland that secretes products (excluding hormones and other chemical messengers) into ducts (duct glands) which lead directly into the external environment[WP]. Typical exocrine glands include sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, stomach, liver, pancreas Currently this is logically defined by the system it belongs to, but a better system may be base this on presence/absence of ducts. However, the dual nature of the liver should be taken into consideration here. Consider adding subclasses AEO:0000097 BTO:0000765 CALOHA:TS-2012 EHDAA2:0003097 EMAPA:35327 FMA:9596 GAID:34 MA:0002564 MESH:D005088 NCIT:C12712 UMLS:C0015282 ducted gland glandula exocrina uberon UBERON:0002365 exocrine gland A gland that secretes products (excluding hormones and other chemical messengers) into ducts (duct glands) which lead directly into the external environment[WP]. Typical exocrine glands include sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, stomach, liver, pancreas UMLS:C0015282 ncithesaurus:Exocrine_Gland ducted gland AEO:0000097 glandula exocrina Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance. One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. It is largely a category of exclusion rather than one with a precise definition, but there are certain characteristics shared by all or most tissues in this category, such as involvement in structure and support, derived from mesoderm, and characterized largely by the traits of non-living tissue.[AAO] Portion of tissue that consists of mesodermally derived cells and intercellular matrix comprised of protein fibers and carbohydrates, which supports, ensheathes and binds together other tissues.[TAO] Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance.[VSAO] MA also has set of connective tissues AAO:0000098 BTO:0000421 CALOHA:TS-2009 EFO:0000952 EMAPA:35251 FMA:9640 GAID:100 MA:0000011 MAT:0000301 MESH:D003238 MIAA:0000301 NCIT:C12374 OpenCyc:Mx4rv-aBgZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0001641 UMLS:C0009780 VSAO:0000017 XAO:0001017 ZFA:0001632 galen:ConnectiveTissue portion of connective tissue textus connectivus uberon Bindegewebe UBERON:0002384 connective tissue Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance. GO_REF:0000034 PSPUB:0000170 VSAO:0000017 One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. It is largely a category of exclusion rather than one with a precise definition, but there are certain characteristics shared by all or most tissues in this category, such as involvement in structure and support, derived from mesoderm, and characterized largely by the traits of non-living tissue.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000098 AAO AAO:LAP Portion of tissue that consists of mesodermally derived cells and intercellular matrix comprised of protein fibers and carbohydrates, which supports, ensheathes and binds together other tissues.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001641 TAO TAO:wd Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance.[VSAO] 2012-08-14 VSAO:0000017 VSAO GO_REF:0000034, http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 PSPUB:0000170 MA also has set of connective tissues MA UMLS:C0009780 ncithesaurus:Connective_Tissue portion of connective tissue FMA:9640 Bindegewebe BTO:0000421 Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers[GO]. One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. Tissue that contains cells with contractile filaments that move past each other and change the size of the cell. Muscle tissue also is separated into three distinct categories.[AAO] AAO:0000306 AEO:0000122 CALOHA:TS-0642 EHDAA2:0003122 EMAPA:32715 FMA:9641 MA:0002437 MESH:D009132 NCIT:C12435 UMLS:C2328219 galen:MuscleTissue muscular tissue portion of muscle tissue textus muscularis uberon UBERON:0002385 Vertebrate muscle is categorized into three major muscle types defined by their structural and functional properties: skeletal, cardiac and smooth. In Dmel the counterparts are somatic, heart/cardiac and visceral. Here we take a cell type based approach. muscle tissue Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers[GO]. GO:0060537 One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. Tissue that contains cells with contractile filaments that move past each other and change the size of the cell. Muscle tissue also is separated into three distinct categories.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000306 AAO AAO:LAP UMLS:C2328219 ncithesaurus:Muscle_Tissue muscular tissue portion of muscle tissue FMA:9641 Anatomical system that is involved in the production of hematopoietic cells. Anatomical system that consists of the blood and blood forming tissues.[AAO] Zebrafish developmental hematopoiesis shows close correspondence to the development of the mammalian hematopoietic system and is regulated by conserved molecular pathways.[well established][VHOG] hematopoietic In humans this is primarily the bone marrow, spleen, tonsils, and lymph nodes AAO:0011002 BTO:0000570 CALOHA:TS-0449 EFO:0000798 EMAPA:35402 EV:0100045 FMA:9667 GAID:1008 MA:0002434 MAT:0000022 MESH:D006413 MIAA:0000022 NCIT:C12909 TAO:0005023 UMLS:C0018957 VHOG:0001624 XAO:0000122 ZFA:0005023 haematological system haemopoietic system organa haemopoietica uberon Blutbildungssystem haematopoietic system hematological system hematolymphoid system hemopoietic system UBERON:0002390 hematopoietic system FMA definitional Anatomical system that is involved in the production of hematopoietic cells. Anatomical system that consists of the blood and blood forming tissues.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0011002 AAO AAO:EJS Zebrafish developmental hematopoiesis shows close correspondence to the development of the mammalian hematopoietic system and is regulated by conserved molecular pathways.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001624 VHOG DOI:10.1016/j.coph.2010.05.004 Ellett F, Lieschke GJ, Zebrafish as a model for vertebrate hematopoiesis. Current Opinion in Pharmacology (2010) In humans this is primarily the bone marrow, spleen, tonsils, and lymph nodes WP UMLS:C0018957 ncithesaurus:Hematopoietic_System Blutbildungssystem BTO:0000570 Connected anatomical system that forms a barrier between an animal and its environment. In vertebrates, the integumental system consists of the epidermis, dermis plus associated glands and adnexa such as hair and scales. In invertebrates, the integumental system may include cuticle. (...) the integument of many tetrapods is reinforced by a morphologically and structurally diverse assemblage of skeletal elements. These elements are widely understood to be derivatives of the once all-encompassing dermal skeleton of stem-gnathostomes (...).[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0007029 AEO:0000154 BILA:0000118 CALOHA:TS-1299 CARO:0002001 EFO:0000807 EHDAA2:0000836 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003154 EHDAA:6520 EMAPA:17524 EV:0100151 FBbt:00004969 FMA:72979 HAO:0000421 MA:0000014 MAT:0000033 MESH:D034582 MIAA:0000033 NCIT:C12907 TADS:0000108 UMLS:C0037267 VHOG:0000403 XAO:0000176 galen:Surface integumentary system uberon body surface dermal system external covering of organism integumentum commune organism surface surface UBERON:0002416 integumental system Connected anatomical system that forms a barrier between an animal and its environment. In vertebrates, the integumental system consists of the epidermis, dermis plus associated glands and adnexa such as hair and scales. In invertebrates, the integumental system may include cuticle. CARO:0002001 (...) the integument of many tetrapods is reinforced by a morphologically and structurally diverse assemblage of skeletal elements. These elements are widely understood to be derivatives of the once all-encompassing dermal skeleton of stem-gnathostomes (...).[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000403 VHOG DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.01043.x Vickaryous MK, Sire JY, The integumentary skeleton of tetrapods: origin, evolution, and development. J Anat (2009) UMLS:C0037267 ncithesaurus:Integumentary_System integumentary system FMA:72979 dermal system MIAA:0000033 integumentum commune organism surface EHDAA2:0003154 surface BILA:0000118 A gland that is part of a skin of body [Automatically generated definition]. check FMA, use plural for now as general class not there EMAPA:35774 FMA:71878 MA:0000146 glandulae cutis uberon set of skin glands skin glands skin glands set UBERON:0002419 skin gland A gland that is part of a skin of body [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic glandulae cutis FMA:71878 FMA:TA set of skin glands FMA:71878 skin glands skin glands set An epithelium that is part of the mouth and lines the oral cavity, typically stratified squamous, and may be para-, ortho- or non- keratinized. Primary barrier between oral environment and deeper tissues consider including separate class for developmental structure (adult human is stratified; in EHDAA2 is unilaminar) The epithelium that lines the oral cavity. The oral epithelium epithelial cells with many short microvilli as well as mucous cells, rodlet cells and taste buds[ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-060921-12, ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-091204-24]. the avian oral epithelium has the developmental capacity to initiate tooth developmental programs with underlying grafts of non-avian oral ectomesenchyme AAO:0010357 BTO:0001775 CALOHA:TS-0715 EHDAA2:0001325 EHDAA:2187 EMAPA:16839 EMAPA:26942 FMA:265152 MA:0000344 NCIT:C49595 TAO:0000816 UMLS:C1709332 VHOG:0000187 XAO:0003201 ZFA:0000816 epithelium of mucosa of mouth epithelium of oral mucosa uberon UBERON:0002424 oral epithelium AAO-modified An epithelium that is part of the mouth and lines the oral cavity, typically stratified squamous, and may be para-, ortho- or non- keratinized. Primary barrier between oral environment and deeper tissues The epithelium that lines the oral cavity. The oral epithelium epithelial cells with many short microvilli as well as mucous cells, rodlet cells and taste buds[ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-060921-12, ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-091204-24]. ZFA:0000816 the avian oral epithelium has the developmental capacity to initiate tooth developmental programs with underlying grafts of non-avian oral ectomesenchyme UMLS:C1709332 ncithesaurus:Oral_Cavity_Epithelium epithelium of mucosa of mouth FMA:265152 epithelium of oral mucosa FMA:265152 A blood vessel that is part of a choroid [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:17828 FMA:76550 MA:0001237 blood vessel of choroid blood vessel of choroid coat blood vessel of choroidea blood vessel of posterior uvea choroid blood vessel choroid blood vessels choroid blood vessels set choroid coat blood vessel choroidea blood vessel posterior uvea blood vessel vasa sanguinea choroideae uberon set of choroid blood vessels UBERON:0002443 cannot find singular in FMA, using Set class choroidal blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a choroid [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic blood vessel of choroid OBOL:automatic blood vessel of choroid coat OBOL:automatic blood vessel of choroidea OBOL:automatic blood vessel of posterior uvea OBOL:automatic choroid blood vessel OBOL:automatic choroid coat blood vessel OBOL:automatic choroidea blood vessel OBOL:automatic posterior uvea blood vessel OBOL:automatic vasa sanguinea choroideae FMA:76550 FMA:TA set of choroid blood vessels FMA:76550 Arteries that supply the spinal cord. EHDAA2:0001890 EHDAA:4355 EMAPA:18241 MA:0002043 NCIT:C33587 TAO:0000682 UMLS:C0447043 ZFA:0000682 spinal arteries uberon UBERON:0002458 spinal artery Arteries that supply the spinal cord. UMLS:C0447043 ncithesaurus:Spinal_Artery spinal arteries ZFA:0000682 An epithelium that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35447 FMA:58517 MA:0002826 epithelial tissue of iris epithelium of iris epithelium pigmentosum (iris) epithelium pigmentosum iridis iris epithelial tissue iris epithelium pigmented epithelium of iris uberon iris pigmented epithelium UBERON:0002506 iris epithelium FMA MA An epithelium that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of iris OBOL:automatic epithelium of iris OBOL:automatic epithelium pigmentosum (iris) FMA:58517 epithelium pigmentosum iridis FMA:58517 FMA:TA iris epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic iris epithelium FMA:58517 pigmented epithelium of iris FMA:58517 iris pigmented epithelium MA:0002826 Connective tissue composed of elastic fibers. FMA:20113 GAID:926 MA:0002853 MESH:D004547 NCIT:C32495 elastic connective tissue textus connectivus elasticus elastic fiber uberon UBERON:0002521 elastic tissue Connective tissue composed of elastic fibers. textus connectivus elasticus The middle layer of an artery or vein. [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0002011 EMAPA:36298 FMA:55590 GAID:170 MA:0002855 MESH:D017540 NCIT:C33821 UMLS:C0162867 uberon tunica media vasorum UBERON:0002522 May be composed of smooth muscle and elastic tissue tunica media MA cjm cjm The middle layer of an artery or vein. [WP,unvetted]. UMLS:C0162867 ncithesaurus:Tunica_Media tunica media vasorum tunica media vasorum BTO:0002011 The innermost layer of a blood vessel which is a lining of endothelial cells facing the lumen[Kardong]. the FMA class represents a more generic layer which is the superclass of the layer found in both blood vessels and lymph vessels (and also endocardium) - we should probably follow this structure the FMA class represents a structure which may have both epithelium and fibroelastic connective tissue as parts The tunica intima (or just intima) is the innermost layer of an artery or vein. It is made up of one layer of endothelial cells and is supported by an internal elastic lamina. The endothelial cells are in direct contact with the blood flow. The inner coat (tunica intima) can be separated from the middle by a little maceration, or it may be stripped off in small pieces; but, on account of its friability, it cannot be separated as a complete membrane. It is a fine, transparent, colorless structure which is highly elastic, and, after death, is commonly corrugated into longitudinal wrinkles. The inner coat consists of: A layer of pavement endothelium, the cells of which are polygonal, oval, or fusiform, and have very distinct round or oval nuclei. This endothelium is brought into view most distinctly by staining with silver nitrate. A subendothelial layer, consisting of delicate connective tissue with branched cells lying in the interspaces of the tissue; in arteries of less than 2 mm. in diameter the subendothelial layer consists of a single stratum of stellate cells, and the connective tissue is only largely developed in vessels of a considerable size. An elastic or fenestrated layer, which consists of a membrane containing a net-work of elastic fibers, having principally a longitudinal direction, and in which, under the microscope, small elongated apertures or perforations may be seen, giving it a fenestrated appearance. It was therefore called by Henle the fenestrated membrane. This membrane forms the chief thickness of the inner coat, and can be separated into several layers, some of which present the appearance of a network of longitudinal elastic fibers, and others a more membranous character, marked by pale lines having a longitudinal direction. In minute arteries the fenestrated membrane is a very thin layer; but in the larger arteries, and especially in the aorta, it has a very considerable thickness. [WP,unvetted].[Wikipedia] BTO:0002012 EMAPA:36297 FMA:55589 GAID:523 MA:0002861 MESH:D017539 NCIT:C33820 UMLS:C0162864 uberon Bichat's tunic intima tunica intima vasorum UBERON:0002523 tunica intima FMA check for exceptions, e.g. capillaries ISBN:0073040584 The innermost layer of a blood vessel which is a lining of endothelial cells facing the lumen[Kardong]. ISBN:0073040584 NCIT:C33820 The tunica intima (or just intima) is the innermost layer of an artery or vein. It is made up of one layer of endothelial cells and is supported by an internal elastic lamina. The endothelial cells are in direct contact with the blood flow. The inner coat (tunica intima) can be separated from the middle by a little maceration, or it may be stripped off in small pieces; but, on account of its friability, it cannot be separated as a complete membrane. It is a fine, transparent, colorless structure which is highly elastic, and, after death, is commonly corrugated into longitudinal wrinkles. The inner coat consists of: A layer of pavement endothelium, the cells of which are polygonal, oval, or fusiform, and have very distinct round or oval nuclei. This endothelium is brought into view most distinctly by staining with silver nitrate. A subendothelial layer, consisting of delicate connective tissue with branched cells lying in the interspaces of the tissue; in arteries of less than 2 mm. in diameter the subendothelial layer consists of a single stratum of stellate cells, and the connective tissue is only largely developed in vessels of a considerable size. An elastic or fenestrated layer, which consists of a membrane containing a net-work of elastic fibers, having principally a longitudinal direction, and in which, under the microscope, small elongated apertures or perforations may be seen, giving it a fenestrated appearance. It was therefore called by Henle the fenestrated membrane. This membrane forms the chief thickness of the inner coat, and can be separated into several layers, some of which present the appearance of a network of longitudinal elastic fibers, and others a more membranous character, marked by pale lines having a longitudinal direction. In minute arteries the fenestrated membrane is a very thin layer; but in the larger arteries, and especially in the aorta, it has a very considerable thickness. [WP,unvetted].[Wikipedia] Wikipedia UMLS:C0162864 ncithesaurus:Tunica_Intima Bichat's tunic BTO:0002012 intima BTO:0002012 tunica intima vasorum BTO:0002012 an organ that functions as a secretory or excretory organ glandular UBERON:MIAA_0000021 AAO:0000212 AEO:0000096 BTO:0000522 EFO:0000797 EHDAA2:0003096 EHDAA:2161 EHDAA:4475 EHDAA:6522 EMAPA:18425 FBbt:00100317 FMA:7146 FMA:86294 HAO:0000375 MA:0003038 MAT:0000021 MIAA:0000021 NCIT:C13319 OpenCyc:Mx4rwP3vyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C1285092 WikipediaCategory:Glands galen:Gland glandular organ uberon Druese glandula UBERON:0002530 gland an organ that functions as a secretory or excretory organ MGI:csmith MP:0002163 UMLS:C1285092 ncithesaurus:Gland glandular organ Druese BTO:0000522 glandula glandula BTO:0000522 In amniote animal embryology, the epiblast is a tissue type derived either from the inner cell mass in mammals or the blastodisc in birds and reptiles. It lies above the hypoblast. In mammalian embryogenesis, the columnar cells of the epiblast are adjacent to the trophoblast, while the cuboidal cells of the hypoblast are closer to the blastocoele. The epiblast, whilst referred to as the primary ectoderm, differentiates to form all three layers of the trilaminar germ disc in a process called gastrulation[WP]. The outer of the two layers of the blastoderm that form during gastrulation, corresponding to primitive ectoderm during gastrulation and to the definitive ectoderm after gastrulation[ZFA] MP says - tissue that gives rise to the ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm of the embryo proper. In HOG, epiblast is part of primitive streak/blastpore, which is inconsistent with the MP definition of primitive streak as a ridge of the epiblast. Note that these terms, epiblast and hypoblast, are also used to describe layers of the avian embryonic blastoderm, but the layers so-named seem to be altogether different in these two kinds of vertebrate embryos(CVS). Consider obsoleting this as a grouping class In pregastrula zebrafish embryos, the epiblast is an inverted cup of cells that sits on top of a large yolk cell. (...) In amniote embryos (mammals and birds), gastrulation initiates in an epithelial layer called the epiblast. Cells in the epiblast undergo an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), migrate through the primitive streak (PS), and incorporate in the middle (mesoderm) or outer (endoderm) layer. The presumptive definitive endoderm (DE) cells invade and displace an outer layer of extraembryonic tissue cells, the hypoblast in chick and the visceral endoderm (VE) in mouse, which form supporting structures such as the yolk sac.[uncertain][VHOG] BTO:0004593 FMA:296704 MAT:0000067 MIAA:0000067 VHOG:0000243 epiblast uberon blastocyst ectoblast epiblastus primitive ectoderm UBERON:0002532 epiblast (generic) In amniote animal embryology, the epiblast is a tissue type derived either from the inner cell mass in mammals or the blastodisc in birds and reptiles. It lies above the hypoblast. In mammalian embryogenesis, the columnar cells of the epiblast are adjacent to the trophoblast, while the cuboidal cells of the hypoblast are closer to the blastocoele. The epiblast, whilst referred to as the primary ectoderm, differentiates to form all three layers of the trilaminar germ disc in a process called gastrulation[WP]. The outer of the two layers of the blastoderm that form during gastrulation, corresponding to primitive ectoderm during gastrulation and to the definitive ectoderm after gastrulation[ZFA] ZFIN:curator In pregastrula zebrafish embryos, the epiblast is an inverted cup of cells that sits on top of a large yolk cell. (...) In amniote embryos (mammals and birds), gastrulation initiates in an epithelial layer called the epiblast. Cells in the epiblast undergo an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), migrate through the primitive streak (PS), and incorporate in the middle (mesoderm) or outer (endoderm) layer. The presumptive definitive endoderm (DE) cells invade and displace an outer layer of extraembryonic tissue cells, the hypoblast in chick and the visceral endoderm (VE) in mouse, which form supporting structures such as the yolk sac.[uncertain][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000243 VHOG DOI:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.042308.113344 Zorn AM, Wells JM, Vertebrate endoderm development and organ formation. Annual Review of Cell Developmental Biology (2009) epiblast VHOG:0000243 ectoblast MP:0003886 epiblastus primitive ectoderm VHOG:0000243 One of a series of paired bulges that develop along the lateral walls of the foregut. The pharyngeal arches have developmental contributions from endoderm, mesoderm, and neural crest cells and are separated by anterior lateral endoderm out-pockets known as pharyngeal pouches. One of a series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo.[AAO] A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down.[well established][VHOG] Numbered cranial to caudal. different in mammals. branchial arch = ZFA:0001613 pharyngeal arch 3-7. generally gill arch 1 = pharyngeal arch 3. terminology varies as to whether branchial arch follows gill or pharyngeal numbering AAO:0010359 BTO:0001785 EFO:0000959 EHDAA:571 EMAPA:16117 FMA:293015 GAID:1292 MAT:0000242 MESH:A16.254.160 MIAA:0000242 NCIT:C34249 TAO:0001306 UMLS:C0080322 VHOG:0000155 XAO:0000096 ZFA:0001306 pharyngeal arches branchial arch uberon arcus pharyngei visceral arch UBERON:0002539 pharyngeal arch EHDAA2 One of a series of paired bulges that develop along the lateral walls of the foregut. The pharyngeal arches have developmental contributions from endoderm, mesoderm, and neural crest cells and are separated by anterior lateral endoderm out-pockets known as pharyngeal pouches. ZFA:yb One of a series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010359 AAO NLM:branchial+arch A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000155 VHOG DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00472.x Graham A, Okabe M and Quinlan R, The role of the endoderm in the development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2005) UMLS:C0080322 ncithesaurus:Pharyngeal_Arch pharyngeal arches branchial arch BTO:0001785 MP:0002884 arcus pharyngei Ectodermal placode that develops in the head into a part of the sensory nervous system. With a few exceptions (lens, adenohypophyseal), cranial placodes are neurogenic. Do not merge with neurogenic placode Comparisons of developmental gene expression suggest that the anterior ectoderm in amphioxus may be homologous to the vertebrate olfactory placode, the only vertebrate placode with primary, not secondary, neurons The term placode or placodes also applies to developing organs such as teeth, mammary glands, hair follicles, feathers and scales. We include a separate parent class for this. to avoid confusion, we include neurogenic placode as a subclass ectodermal placode placode AAO:0010466 EFO:0001650 FMA:293966 MAT:0000369 MIAA:0000369 XAO:0000305 ectodermal cranial placode uberon cranial placodes UBERON:0002546 cranial placode cjm Ectodermal placode that develops in the head into a part of the sensory nervous system. With a few exceptions (lens, adenohypophyseal), cranial placodes are neurogenic. Comparisons of developmental gene expression suggest that the anterior ectoderm in amphioxus may be homologous to the vertebrate olfactory placode, the only vertebrate placode with primary, not secondary, neurons ectodermal placode FMA:293966 placode ectodermal cranial placode UBERON:cjm cranial placodes XAO:0000305 Anatomical space which contains portions of one or more body substances and is bounded by the internal surface of one maximally connected anatomical structure. Examples: cranial cavity, pharyngeal recess space, nasal cavity, tooth socket, cavity of serous sac, lumen of stomach, lumen of artery, fornix of vagina. cavity BIRNLEX:1011 EMAPA:37442 FMA:67552 MA:0002447 NCIT:C34007 galen:Cavity uberon UBERON:0002553 anatomical cavity Anatomical space which contains portions of one or more body substances and is bounded by the internal surface of one maximally connected anatomical structure. Examples: cranial cavity, pharyngeal recess space, nasal cavity, tooth socket, cavity of serous sac, lumen of stomach, lumen of artery, fornix of vagina. FMA:67552 EMAPA:37442 MA:th Anatomical divisons of the brain according to one or more criteria, e.g. cytoarchitectural, gross anatomy. Parts may be contiguous in 3D or not, e.g., basal ganglia. BIRNLEX:1167 FMA:55676 NCIT:C13031 UMLS:C0445620 anatomical structure of brain biological structure of brain brain anatomical structure brain biological structure brain part neuraxis segment neuroanatomical region segment of brain uberon UBERON:0002616 regional part of brain Anatomical divisons of the brain according to one or more criteria, e.g. cytoarchitectural, gross anatomy. Parts may be contiguous in 3D or not, e.g., basal ganglia. BIRNLEX:1167 UMLS:C0445620 ncithesaurus:Brain_Part anatomical structure of brain OBOL:automatic biological structure of brain OBOL:automatic brain anatomical structure OBOL:automatic brain biological structure OBOL:automatic neuraxis segment FMA:55676 segment of brain BIRNLEX:1167 A wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones[WP]. septal AAO:0011127 FMA:86461 OpenCyc:Mx4rrqot_on_EdaAAAACs0uFOQ septa uberon UBERON:0003037 general anatomical term in FMA septum A wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones[WP]. septa The part of the brain that is the morphological boundary between the midbrain and hindbrain and that is the location of an organizing center which patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate. consider adding class for organizer. Consider adding separate class for isthmus as a structure Lampreys also have an MHB [midbrain hindbrain boundary], expressing a similar repertoire of regulatory gene cognates as in gnathostomes.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011064 DMBA:16810 EHDAA2:0004395 EHDAA:5789 EMAPA:32857 NCIT:C93172 TAO:0000042 VHOG:0000649 XAO:0000016 ZFA:0000042 MHB mid-hindbrain boundary mid-hindbrain junction midbrain hindbrain boundary uberon isthmic organizer territory isthmo-cerebellar region isthmus isthmus/MHB UBERON:0003052 midbrain-hindbrain boundary ZFA ZFA ZFA The part of the brain that is the morphological boundary between the midbrain and hindbrain and that is the location of an organizing center which patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate. GO:0021555 Lampreys also have an MHB [midbrain hindbrain boundary], expressing a similar repertoire of regulatory gene cognates as in gnathostomes.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000649 VHOG DOI:10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.02.008 Murakami Y, Uchida K, Rijli FM and Kuratani S, Evolution of the brain developmental plan: Insights from agnathans. Developmental Biology (2005) isthmic organizer territory XAO:0000016 isthmo-cerebellar region VHOG:0000649 isthmus/MHB Geisha:syn NCBITaxon:8782 A temporary epithelium that derives from the outer layer of the ectdoerm and is shed once the inner layer differentiates to form a true epidermis. The outermost epidermal layer covering the fish at embryonic stages; derived from the EVL and thought to eventually be replaced by the superficial stratum of the epidermis. Sometimes used synonymously with EVL. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] relationship type change: OBO_REL:part_of ectoderm (TAO:0000016) CHANGED TO: develops_from ectoderm (UBERON:0000924)[TAO] In mice, the first non-basal layer formed at ~E9.5; it is a temporary structure composed of simple squamous epithelium that serves as the first barrier to the embryo's physical environment, exists throughout the entire keratinocyte stratification process, and sheds off at ~E17, when it is replaced by corneocytes[MP] In some mammals, Eyelid Fusion is thought to be driven by a population of cells which are derived from the periderm, the outermost layer of the developing epidermis Originally the epidermis is one layer thick, in most vertebrates it soon becomes a two-layered structure. The outer layer gives rise to the periderm. The periderm goes through distinct developmental phases and is ultimately sloughed into the amniotic fluid when differentiation of the underlying epidermal layers is complete. The function of the periderm is not known, but is thought to be related to transport/exchange between the fetus and the amniotic fluid (http://courses.washington.edu/hubio567/devbio/periderm.html) EHDAA2:0001846 EHDAA:6538 FMA:295662 NCIT:C34247 TAO:0001185 UMLS:C1518973 VHOG:0001680 XAO:0000029 ZFA:0001185 skin periderm uberon EVL epidermis epithelial layer epidermis outer layer epitrichium periderm UBERON:0003055 periderm EHDAA2 EHDAA2 ZFA A temporary epithelium that derives from the outer layer of the ectdoerm and is shed once the inner layer differentiates to form a true epidermis. ISBN:9780878932504 The outermost epidermal layer covering the fish at embryonic stages; derived from the EVL and thought to eventually be replaced by the superficial stratum of the epidermis. Sometimes used synonymously with EVL. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001185 TAO ZFIN:curator relationship type change: OBO_REL:part_of ectoderm (TAO:0000016) CHANGED TO: develops_from ectoderm (UBERON:0000924)[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001185 TAO UMLS:C1518973 ncithesaurus:Periderm skin periderm EHDAA2:0001846 EVL ZFA:0001185 epitrichium MP:0013530 The portion of neural plate anterior to the mid-hindbrain junction. (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011084 TAO:0007016 VHOG:0001200 XAO:0000045 ZFA:0007016 uberon anterior neural plate UBERON:0003056 pre-chordal neural plate The portion of neural plate anterior to the mid-hindbrain junction. XB:curator (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001200 VHOG ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28 The portion of neural plate posterior to the mid-hindbrain junction. (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] TAO:0007017 VHOG:0001201 XAO:0000046 ZFA:0007017 uberon posterior neural plate UBERON:0003057 chordal neural plate The portion of neural plate posterior to the mid-hindbrain junction. XB:curator (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001201 VHOG ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28 Unsegmented field of paraxial mesoderm present posterior to the most recently formed somite pair, from which somites will form. Unsegmented field of paraxial mesoderm present posterior to the most recently formed somite pair, from which somites will form. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] It is reasonable to assume that the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates had an amphioxus-like tail bud in its larval stage. This archetypal tail bud would have (...) (3) lacked any component of mesenchyme cells, (4) budded off new mesodermal segments directly, without any intervening zone of presomitic mesoderm (...). Then, early in vertebrate evolution, epithelium-to-mesenchyme interconversions (and the gene networks for effecting them) became prominent features of development. (...) In any case, conspicuous mesenchymal components tended to be added to the vertebrate tail bud itself. In addition, a mesenchymatous presomitic mesoderm (not a part of the tail bud proper) came to intervene between the tail bud and the forming somites.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011086 EFO:0001982 EMAPA:16189 EMAPA:16752 TAO:0000279 VHOG:0000559 XAO:0000057 ZFA:0000279 segmental plate unsegmented paraxial mesoderm uberon PSM presumptive somite mesoderm somitogenic mesoderm somitomeric mesoderm unsegmented mesenchyme UBERON:0003059 presomitic mesoderm Bgee:AN Unsegmented field of paraxial mesoderm present posterior to the most recently formed somite pair, from which somites will form. ZFIN:curator Unsegmented field of paraxial mesoderm present posterior to the most recently formed somite pair, from which somites will form. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000279 TAO ZFIN:curator It is reasonable to assume that the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates had an amphioxus-like tail bud in its larval stage. This archetypal tail bud would have (...) (3) lacked any component of mesenchyme cells, (4) budded off new mesodermal segments directly, without any intervening zone of presomitic mesoderm (...). Then, early in vertebrate evolution, epithelium-to-mesenchyme interconversions (and the gene networks for effecting them) became prominent features of development. (...) In any case, conspicuous mesenchymal components tended to be added to the vertebrate tail bud itself. In addition, a mesenchymatous presomitic mesoderm (not a part of the tail bud proper) came to intervene between the tail bud and the forming somites.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000559 VHOG DOI:10.1006/dbio.2001.0460 Schubert M, Holland LZ, Dale Stokes M and Holland ND, Three Amphoxius Wnt Genes (AmphiWnt3, AmphiWnt5, and AmphiWnt6) Associated with the Tail Bud: the Evolution of Somitogenesis in Chordates. Developmental Biology (2001) unsegmented paraxial mesoderm somitomeric mesoderm GO:0002075 unsegmented mesenchyme VHOG:0000559 Blood islands are structures in the developing embryo which lead to many different parts of the circulatory system. They primarily derive from plexuses formed from angioblasts. Within them, vacuoles appear through liquefaction of the central part of the syncytium into plasma. The lumen of the blood vessels thus formed is probably intracellular. The flattened cells at the periphery form the endothelium. The nucleated red blood corpuscles develop either from small masses of the original angioblast left attached to the inner wall of the lumen or directly from the flat endothelial cells. In either case the syncytial mass thus formed projects from and is attached to the wall of the vessel. Such a mass is known as a blood island and hemoglobin gradually accumulates within it. Later the cells on the surface round up, giving the mass a mulberry-like appearance. Then the red blood cells break loose and are carried away in the plasma. Such free blood cells continue to divide. Blood islands have been seen in the area vasculosa in the omphalomesenteric vein and arteries, and in the dorsal aorta[WP, unvetted]. Nests of developing blood cells arising late in the segmentation period from the intermediate mass, and located in the anterior-ventral tail, just posterior to the yolk extension. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] Region located on the ventral surface of the developing embryo that is a site of hematopoiesis and that is analogous to the yolk sac blood islands of higher vertebrates.[AAO] relationship loss: part_of intermediate cell mass of mesoderm (TAO:0000033)[TAO] Small clusters of mesodermal cells called blood islands mark the embryonic debut of the cardiovascular system (in vertebrates) (reference 1); In birds and mammals, primitive hemangioblasts are extraembryonic, populating the yolk sac as the so-called blood islands (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] EHDAA2 distinguishes 3 types, but does not have a superclass. The VHOG class may refer to yolk sac ventral lateral plate mesoderm AAO:0011006 EFO:0003489 EHDAA:207 NCIT:C34113 TAO:0000094 TE:E5.11.2.0.0.0.4 UMLS:C1511224 VHOG:0000085 XAO:0000067 ZFA:0000094 blood islands uberon VBI caudal hematopoietic tissue posterior ICM posterior blood island ventral blood island UBERON:0003061 blood island Blood islands are structures in the developing embryo which lead to many different parts of the circulatory system. They primarily derive from plexuses formed from angioblasts. Within them, vacuoles appear through liquefaction of the central part of the syncytium into plasma. The lumen of the blood vessels thus formed is probably intracellular. The flattened cells at the periphery form the endothelium. The nucleated red blood corpuscles develop either from small masses of the original angioblast left attached to the inner wall of the lumen or directly from the flat endothelial cells. In either case the syncytial mass thus formed projects from and is attached to the wall of the vessel. Such a mass is known as a blood island and hemoglobin gradually accumulates within it. Later the cells on the surface round up, giving the mass a mulberry-like appearance. Then the red blood cells break loose and are carried away in the plasma. Such free blood cells continue to divide. Blood islands have been seen in the area vasculosa in the omphalomesenteric vein and arteries, and in the dorsal aorta[WP, unvetted]. Nests of developing blood cells arising late in the segmentation period from the intermediate mass, and located in the anterior-ventral tail, just posterior to the yolk extension. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000094 TAO ZFIN:curator Region located on the ventral surface of the developing embryo that is a site of hematopoiesis and that is analogous to the yolk sac blood islands of higher vertebrates.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0011006 AAO AAO:EJS relationship loss: part_of intermediate cell mass of mesoderm (TAO:0000033)[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000094 TAO Small clusters of mesodermal cells called blood islands mark the embryonic debut of the cardiovascular system (in vertebrates) (reference 1); In birds and mammals, primitive hemangioblasts are extraembryonic, populating the yolk sac as the so-called blood islands (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000085 VHOG ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.450, DOI:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.22.010605.093317 Hartenstein V, Blood cells and blood cell development in the animal kingdom. Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology (2006) EHDAA2 distinguishes 3 types, but does not have a superclass. The VHOG class may refer to yolk sac EHDAA2 UMLS:C1511224 ncithesaurus:Blood_Island blood islands A horseshoe-shaped thickening of the endoderm at the cranial (rostral) end of the primitive streak formed by the involution of Spemann's organizer cells which, together with the notochord, induces the formation of the neural plate from the overlying ectodermal cells and contributes mesodermal type cells to the surrounding tissue TODO - check; developmental relationship to anterior hypoblast in ZFA? Axial hypoblast located anterior to the chorda mesoderm; the polster is its most anterior region. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] Axial mesoderm that lies anterior to the notochord and that underlies the forebrain. [Amphioxus_goosecoid_and_the_evolution_of_the_head_organizer_and_prechordal_plate._Evolution_and_Development_(2008)_2(6):303-310, Neidert_AH, Panopoulou_G_and_Langeland_JA][VHOG] There are two opposing models that can potentially explain the differences in gsc (goosecoid) expression between amphioxus and vertebrates. In one model, the vertebrate gsc expression pattern more closely resembles the common ancestral state and the amphioxus gsc expression pattern is a derivation associated with its unique morphology. (...) In an alternate model, the amphioxus gsc expression pattern most closely represents the common ancestral state and the vertebrate pattern is derived. This model suggests that the evolution of vertebrates was accompanied by the segregation of gsc expression, from a more general domain underlying the entire brain anlage to a distinct forebrain organizer domain and subsequent prechordal plate. We feel this second model is more parsimonious than the first model in that what would be novel anterior gsc expression in vertebrates directly correlates with a novel vertebrate anterior structure, the prechordal plate.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0004881 head mesenchyme head mesoderm AAO:0011085 EHDAA2:0001493 EHDAA:181 FMA:295532 TAO:0000060 VHOG:0000086 XAO:0000079 ZFA:0000060 uberon UBERON:0003063 prechordal plate ZFA PMID:16313393 A horseshoe-shaped thickening of the endoderm at the cranial (rostral) end of the primitive streak formed by the involution of Spemann's organizer cells which, together with the notochord, induces the formation of the neural plate from the overlying ectodermal cells and contributes mesodermal type cells to the surrounding tissue ISBN:0838580343 MP:0004387 Axial hypoblast located anterior to the chorda mesoderm; the polster is its most anterior region. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000060 TAO ZFIN:curator Axial mesoderm that lies anterior to the notochord and that underlies the forebrain. [Amphioxus_goosecoid_and_the_evolution_of_the_head_organizer_and_prechordal_plate._Evolution_and_Development_(2008)_2(6):303-310, Neidert_AH, Panopoulou_G_and_Langeland_JA][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000086 VHOG There are two opposing models that can potentially explain the differences in gsc (goosecoid) expression between amphioxus and vertebrates. In one model, the vertebrate gsc expression pattern more closely resembles the common ancestral state and the amphioxus gsc expression pattern is a derivation associated with its unique morphology. (...) In an alternate model, the amphioxus gsc expression pattern most closely represents the common ancestral state and the vertebrate pattern is derived. This model suggests that the evolution of vertebrates was accompanied by the segregation of gsc expression, from a more general domain underlying the entire brain anlage to a distinct forebrain organizer domain and subsequent prechordal plate. We feel this second model is more parsimonious than the first model in that what would be novel anterior gsc expression in vertebrates directly correlates with a novel vertebrate anterior structure, the prechordal plate.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000086 VHOG DOI:10.1046/j.1525-142x.2000.00073.x Neidert AH, Panopoulou G and Langeland JA, Amphioxus goosecoid and the evolution of the head organizer and prechordal plate. Evolution and Development (2008) head mesenchyme XAO:0000079 head mesoderm XAO:0000079 The axial mesoderm includes the prechordal mesoderm and the chordamesoderm. It gives rise to the prechordal plate and to the notochord. The portion of the mesoderm underlying the midline of the embryo. [Gastrulation:_From_cells_to_embryo_(2004)_Cold_Spring_Harbor, Glossary_XV, New_York:_Cold_Spring_Harbor_Laboratory_Press, Stern_CD][VHOG] AAO:0011017 EFO:0003647 TAO:0001204 VHOG:0000107 XAO:0000205 ZFA:0001204 uberon chordamesoderm UBERON:0003068 axial mesoderm The axial mesoderm includes the prechordal mesoderm and the chordamesoderm. It gives rise to the prechordal plate and to the notochord. GO:0048318 The portion of the mesoderm underlying the midline of the embryo. [Gastrulation:_From_cells_to_embryo_(2004)_Cold_Spring_Harbor, Glossary_XV, New_York:_Cold_Spring_Harbor_Laboratory_Press, Stern_CD][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000107 VHOG chordamesoderm Portion of tissue that is part of the anterior neural keel and will form the optic vesicle[ZFA]. A paired ectodermal placode that becomes invaginated to form the embryonic lens vesicles. TODO - check that GO's optic placode is the same as ZFA's eye primordium; we may want to have separate term for ocular primordium precursor. XAO has both optic field and eye primordium. UBERON:0005060 AAO:0011038 EFO:0003541 EHDAA2:0004431 TAO:0000570 XAO:0000227 XAO:0004090 ZFA:0000570 eye placode occular primordium ocular primordium optic placode optic placode of camera-type eye optic primordium uberon eye anlage eye field optic field optic placodes UBERON:0003071 eye primordium EHDAA2 XAO Portion of tissue that is part of the anterior neural keel and will form the optic vesicle[ZFA]. A paired ectodermal placode that becomes invaginated to form the embryonic lens vesicles. GO:0046619 ZFA:0000570 TODO - check that GO's optic placode is the same as ZFA's eye primordium; we may want to have separate term for ocular primordium precursor. XAO has both optic field and eye primordium. GO eye placode OBOL:automatic optic placode GO:0046619 optic placode of camera-type eye GO:0046619 eye anlage XAO:0000227 optic placodes Multi-tissue structure that is comprised of neural and non-neural epithelial layers which will form the retina and retinal pigmented epithelium of the mature eye[ZFA]. double walled structured formed by expansion and invagination of the distal end of the optic vesicle that develops into the pigmented and sensory layers of the retina while the mouth of the optic cup eventually forms the pupil of the eye[MP]. (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup.[well established][VHOG] BTO:0005351 EHDAA2:0001303 EHDAA:2912 EMAPA:16674 NCIT:C34233 TAO:0001202 UMLS:C0231109 VHOG:0000167 ZFA:0001202 uberon eye cup eyecup ocular cup ophtalmic cup UBERON:0003072 optic cup ZFA ZFA Multi-tissue structure that is comprised of neural and non-neural epithelial layers which will form the retina and retinal pigmented epithelium of the mature eye[ZFA]. double walled structured formed by expansion and invagination of the distal end of the optic vesicle that develops into the pigmented and sensory layers of the retina while the mouth of the optic cup eventually forms the pupil of the eye[MP]. MP:0004269 ZFA:0001202 (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000167 VHOG ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429 UMLS:C0231109 ncithesaurus:Optic_Cup eyecup BTO:0005351 ocular cup VHOG:0000167 ophtalmic cup BTO:0005351 A thickened portion of ectoderm which serves as the precursor to the lens. SOX2 and Pou2f1 are involved in its development[WP]. Ectodermal primordium of the lens of the eye. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The optic cup induces the overlying surface ectoderm first to thicken as a lens placode and then to invaginate and form a lens vesicle that differentiates into the lens.[well established][VHOG] Classical transplantation experiments using amphibian embryos suggested that the optic vesicle is the source of lens-inducing signals sufficient to generate lens tissues in competent ectoderm (reviewed in Grainger et al., 1996). More recent findings suggest a multistep model for lens induction. There is now good evidence that lens specification occurs at the neurula stage, before the optic vesicle contact the surface ectoderm, and that neural crest cell migration in the frontonasal region is required to restrict the position of the lens placode (Bailey et al., 2006) AAO:0011055 EFO:0003494 EHDAA2:0000982 EHDAA:2908 EMAPA:16672 FMA:296767 NCIT:C34202 TAO:0000122 UMLS:C1517770 VHOG:0000166 XAO:0000240 ZFA:0000122 uberon lens placodes placoda lentis UBERON:0003073 lens placode NCBIBook:NBK53175 A thickened portion of ectoderm which serves as the precursor to the lens. SOX2 and Pou2f1 are involved in its development[WP]. ZFIN:curator Ectodermal primordium of the lens of the eye. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000122 TAO ZFIN:curator (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The optic cup induces the overlying surface ectoderm first to thicken as a lens placode and then to invaginate and form a lens vesicle that differentiates into the lens.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000166 VHOG ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429 Classical transplantation experiments using amphibian embryos suggested that the optic vesicle is the source of lens-inducing signals sufficient to generate lens tissues in competent ectoderm (reviewed in Grainger et al., 1996). More recent findings suggest a multistep model for lens induction. There is now good evidence that lens specification occurs at the neurula stage, before the optic vesicle contact the surface ectoderm, and that neural crest cell migration in the frontonasal region is required to restrict the position of the lens placode (Bailey et al., 2006) NCBIBook:NBK53175 UMLS:C1517770 ncithesaurus:Lens_Placodes lens placodes ZFA:0000122 placoda lentis A region of embryonic ectodermal cells that lie directly above the notochord. During neurulation, they change shape and produce an infolding of the neural plate (the neural fold) that then seals to form the neural tube[XAO]. The earliest recognizable dorsal ectodermal primordium of the central nervous system present near the end of gastrulation before infolding to form the neural keel; consists of a thickened pseudostratified epithelium[ZFA] The earliest recognizable dorsal ectodermal primordium of the central nervous system present near the end of gastrulation before infolding to form the neural keel; consists of a thickened pseudostratified epithelium. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011072 BTO:0001765 DHBA:10153 DMBA:15565 EHDAA:346 EHDAA:902 EMAPA:35593 FMA:293879 NCIT:C34225 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001252 TAO:0000132 UMLS:C0920623 VHOG:0000068 XAO:0000249 ZFA:0000132 uberon lamina neuralis presumptive central nervous system UBERON:0003075 neural plate Wikipedia Bgee:AN A region of embryonic ectodermal cells that lie directly above the notochord. During neurulation, they change shape and produce an infolding of the neural plate (the neural fold) that then seals to form the neural tube[XAO]. The earliest recognizable dorsal ectodermal primordium of the central nervous system present near the end of gastrulation before infolding to form the neural keel; consists of a thickened pseudostratified epithelium[ZFA] ISBN:0815318960 OMD:neural+plate ZFIN:curator The earliest recognizable dorsal ectodermal primordium of the central nervous system present near the end of gastrulation before infolding to form the neural keel; consists of a thickened pseudostratified epithelium. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000132 TAO ZFIN:curator (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000068 VHOG ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28 UMLS:C0920623 ncithesaurus:Neural_Plate lamina neuralis (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011082 TAO:0007037 VHOG:0001383 XAO:0000250 ZFA:0007037 uberon UBERON:0003076 posterior neural tube lexical (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001383 VHOG ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28 The paraxial mesoderm is the mesoderm located bilaterally adjacent to the notochord and neural tube[GO] Mesoderm lateral to the neural tube and notochord that is divided into cranial and post-cranial portions. The trunk portions further segment into somites.[AAO] Presently, Cephalochordata, Urochordata, and Vertebrata are placed as subphyla of the phylum Chordata, in which the overall organization of embryonic tissues (dorsal hollow nerve cord, ventral digestive tract, axial notochord, and bilateral paraxial mesoderm) is largely conserved. In contrast, the echinoderms and hemichordates are sister groups of the chordates and they lack the notochord and paraxial mesoderm. Thus, the basic mesodermal organization of vertebrates must have appeared first in the common ancestor of the chordates.[well established][VHOG] note that all AOs differ in the relationship between this structure and the mesoderm; in ZFA it is a subclass (and this is implied by the GO definition and GO relationships), in AAO it is part of, and in EHDAA2 it develops from the mesoderm (but in EHDAA2 the naming convention is to use 'paraxial mesenchyme', rather than 'paraxial mesoderm'). Also in ZFA it is part of the trunk whereas this conflicts with the division into head and trunk in ehdaa2 (which we follow here) AAO:0010568 EFO:0003515 EMAPA:16183 EMAPA:16751 FMA:293145 NCIT:C34244 TAO:0000255 UMLS:C1284009 VHOG:0000114 XAO:0000259 ZFA:0000255 paraxial mesenchyme somitic mesoderm uberon mesoderma paraxiale UBERON:0003077 paraxial mesoderm EHDAA2 Bgee:AN The paraxial mesoderm is the mesoderm located bilaterally adjacent to the notochord and neural tube[GO] GO:0048339 Mesoderm lateral to the neural tube and notochord that is divided into cranial and post-cranial portions. The trunk portions further segment into somites.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010568 AAO AAO:EJS Presently, Cephalochordata, Urochordata, and Vertebrata are placed as subphyla of the phylum Chordata, in which the overall organization of embryonic tissues (dorsal hollow nerve cord, ventral digestive tract, axial notochord, and bilateral paraxial mesoderm) is largely conserved. In contrast, the echinoderms and hemichordates are sister groups of the chordates and they lack the notochord and paraxial mesoderm. Thus, the basic mesodermal organization of vertebrates must have appeared first in the common ancestor of the chordates.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000114 VHOG DOI:10.1002/dvdy.21177 Kusakabe R and Kuratani S. Evolutionary perspectives from development of mesodermal components in the lamprey. Developmental dynamics (2007) note that all AOs differ in the relationship between this structure and the mesoderm; in ZFA it is a subclass (and this is implied by the GO definition and GO relationships), in AAO it is part of, and in EHDAA2 it develops from the mesoderm (but in EHDAA2 the naming convention is to use 'paraxial mesenchyme', rather than 'paraxial mesoderm'). Also in ZFA it is part of the trunk whereas this conflicts with the division into head and trunk in ehdaa2 (which we follow here) ZFA UMLS:C1284009 ncithesaurus:Paraxial_Mesoderm paraxial mesenchyme ZFA:0000255 somitic mesoderm ISBN:9780878932504 mesoderma paraxiale TODO - add grouping class for the anterior end of the neural tube at all stages (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011012 TAO:0007038 VHOG:0001384 XAO:0000307 ZFA:0007038 uberon UBERON:0003080 anterior neural tube lexical (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001384 VHOG ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28 Portion of the middle of the three primary germ layers of the embryo that resides on the periphery of the embryo, is continuous with the extra-embryonic mesoderm, splits into two layers enclosing the intra-embryonic coelom, and gives rise to body wall structures[MP]. Portion of mesoderm traditionally thought to give rise to limb bones and parts of the girdles.[AAO] The portion of the mesoderm of the trunk of vertebrate embryos lying lateral to the intermediate mesoderm. [...] [It] subdivides into two plates: one dorsal, called the somatopleure, and one ventral, called the splanchnopleure. [Gastrulation:_From_cells_to_embryo_(2004)_Cold_Spring_Harbor, Glossary_XV, New_York:_Cold_Spring_Harbor_Laboratory_Press, Stern_CD][VHOG] A ventrolateral zone of amphioxus mesoderm grows down to surround the gut. Homology of this zone to the lateral plate mesoderm of vertebrates is supported by site of origin and fate.[well established][VHOG] subclass of mesoderm in ZFA. UBERON:0006258 AAO:0010574 EHDAA2:0000919 EHDAA:379 EMAPA:16179 FMA:293149 NCIT:C34199 TAO:0000121 UMLS:C1517749 VHOG:0000118 XAO:0000311 ZFA:0000121 LPM lateral mesoderm uberon lateral plate lateral plate mesenchyme mesoderma laminae lateralis UBERON:0003081 lateral plate mesoderm EHDAA2 EHDAA2 VHOG Portion of the middle of the three primary germ layers of the embryo that resides on the periphery of the embryo, is continuous with the extra-embryonic mesoderm, splits into two layers enclosing the intra-embryonic coelom, and gives rise to body wall structures[MP]. MP:0010117 Portion of mesoderm traditionally thought to give rise to limb bones and parts of the girdles.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010574 AAO AAO:EJS The portion of the mesoderm of the trunk of vertebrate embryos lying lateral to the intermediate mesoderm. [...] [It] subdivides into two plates: one dorsal, called the somatopleure, and one ventral, called the splanchnopleure. [Gastrulation:_From_cells_to_embryo_(2004)_Cold_Spring_Harbor, Glossary_XV, New_York:_Cold_Spring_Harbor_Laboratory_Press, Stern_CD][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000118 VHOG A ventrolateral zone of amphioxus mesoderm grows down to surround the gut. Homology of this zone to the lateral plate mesoderm of vertebrates is supported by site of origin and fate.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000118 VHOG DOI:10.1073/pnas.97.9.4449 Shimeld SM and Holland PW. Vertebrate innovations. PNAS (2000) subclass of mesoderm in ZFA. ZFA UMLS:C1517749 ncithesaurus:Lateral_Mesoderm LPM ZFA:0000121 lateral mesoderm GO:0048368 lateral plate mesenchyme EHDAA2:0000919 mesoderma laminae lateralis Bilateral groups of cells consisting of three rows: one row of endocardial precursors medially and two rows of myocardical precursors laterally. The two populations fuse at the midline to form the heart rudiment or cone. should probably be merged with heart rudiment. Bilateral groups of cells consisting of three rows: one row of endocardial precursors medially and two rows of myocardical precursors laterally. The two populations fuse at the midline between 21 and 26 somites to form the heart rudiment or cone. Stainier 2001.[TAO] The fused aspects of ventral mesoderm, which have migrated from either side of the prechordal plate, and fused ventrally, just behind the cement gland. They will give rise to the endocardium at NF stage 27&28.[AAO] relationship loss: develops_from lateral mesoderm (TAO:0001065)[TAO] AAO:0011044 BTO:0001887 NCIT:C34276 TAO:0000028 UMLS:C1514450 XAO:0000336 ZFA:0000028 uberon cardiac field fused heart primordium UBERON:0003084 heart primordium Obol ZFA ZFA XAO Bilateral groups of cells consisting of three rows: one row of endocardial precursors medially and two rows of myocardical precursors laterally. The two populations fuse at the midline to form the heart rudiment or cone. ZFIN:curator Bilateral groups of cells consisting of three rows: one row of endocardial precursors medially and two rows of myocardical precursors laterally. The two populations fuse at the midline between 21 and 26 somites to form the heart rudiment or cone. Stainier 2001.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000028 TAO ZFIN:curator The fused aspects of ventral mesoderm, which have migrated from either side of the prechordal plate, and fused ventrally, just behind the cement gland. They will give rise to the endocardium at NF stage 27&28.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0011044 AAO XAO:curator relationship loss: develops_from lateral mesoderm (TAO:0001065)[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000028 TAO UMLS:C1514450 ncithesaurus:Primordium_of_the_Heart cardiac field ZFA:0000028 Ventral somitic compartment that is a precursor of the axial skeleton[XAO]. Sclerotomes eventually differentiate into the vertebrae and most of the skull. The caudal (posterior) half of one sclerotome fuses with the rostral (anterior) half of the adjacent one to form each vertebra. From their initial location within the somite, the sclerotome cells migrate medially towards the notochord. These cells meet the sclerotome cells from the other side to form the vertebral body. From this vertebral body, sclerotome cells move dorsally and surround the developing spinal cord, forming the vertebral arch[WP]. Skeletogenic portion of somites.[AAO] The vertebrate sclerotome has no equivalent in amphioxus and is a novelty linked with the evolution of the axial skeleton.[well established][VHOG] part_of somite in XAO AAO:0010571 AEO:0000212 EHDAA2:0003439 EMAPA:31159 FMA:295652 NCIT:C34287 TAO:0001080 UMLS:C0183176 VHOG:0000680 XAO:0000397 ZFA:0001080 sclerotomes uberon sclerotomus UBERON:0003089 sclerotome EHDAA2 EHDAA2 ZFA Ventral somitic compartment that is a precursor of the axial skeleton[XAO]. Sclerotomes eventually differentiate into the vertebrae and most of the skull. The caudal (posterior) half of one sclerotome fuses with the rostral (anterior) half of the adjacent one to form each vertebra. From their initial location within the somite, the sclerotome cells migrate medially towards the notochord. These cells meet the sclerotome cells from the other side to form the vertebral body. From this vertebral body, sclerotome cells move dorsally and surround the developing spinal cord, forming the vertebral arch[WP]. XB:curator Skeletogenic portion of somites.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010571 AAO AAO:EJS The vertebrate sclerotome has no equivalent in amphioxus and is a novelty linked with the evolution of the axial skeleton.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000680 VHOG DOI:10.1073/pnas.97.9.4449 Shimeld SM and Holland PW. Vertebrate innovations. PNAS (2000) part_of somite in XAO XAO UMLS:C0183176 ncithesaurus:Sclerotome sclerotomes TAO:0001080 sclerotomus neural crest cells (NCCs) originating in the anterior part of the developing embryo and residing between the mid-diencephalon and the forming hindbrain; cranial NCCs migrate dorsolaterally to form the craniofacial mesenchyme that differentiates into various craniofacial cartilages and bones, cranial neurons, glia, and connective tissues of the face; these cells enter the pharyngeal pouches and arches where they give rise to thymic cells, bones of the middle ear and jaw (mandible), and the odontoblasts of the tooth primordia; like their counterparts in the trunk, cranial NCCs also contribute to the developing peripheral nervous system, along with the pigmented cell (i.e. melanocyte) lineage. Anterior most portion of the neural crest. Migrates in three highly conserved streams: mandibular, hyoid and branchial.[AAO] Neural crest that is part of the head.[TAO] We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] AAO:0010580 EFO:0003645 EHDAA2:0004420 EMAPA:16091 TAO:0001194 VHOG:0000063 XAO:0001001 ZFA:0001194 CNC cephalic neural crest cranial NCC population head NCC population uberon crista neuralis cranialis head crest head neural crest UBERON:0003099 cranial neural crest neural crest cells (NCCs) originating in the anterior part of the developing embryo and residing between the mid-diencephalon and the forming hindbrain; cranial NCCs migrate dorsolaterally to form the craniofacial mesenchyme that differentiates into various craniofacial cartilages and bones, cranial neurons, glia, and connective tissues of the face; these cells enter the pharyngeal pouches and arches where they give rise to thymic cells, bones of the middle ear and jaw (mandible), and the odontoblasts of the tooth primordia; like their counterparts in the trunk, cranial NCCs also contribute to the developing peripheral nervous system, along with the pigmented cell (i.e. melanocyte) lineage. MGI:anna Anterior most portion of the neural crest. Migrates in three highly conserved streams: mandibular, hyoid and branchial.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010580 AAO AAO:EJS Neural crest that is part of the head.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001194 TAO ZFIN:curator We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000063 VHOG ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43 CNC XAO:0001001 cephalic neural crest EMAPA:16091 crista neuralis cranialis Anatomical structure that overlaps the outer epithelial layer and is adjacent to the space surrounding the organism. consider obsoleting. See issue/1305 Organism subdivision which is the collection of anatomical structures on the body surface.[ZFA] AAO:0010337 AEO_RETIRED:0000010 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003010 TAO:0000292 VSAO:0000001 XAO:0003028 ZFA:0000292 galen:SurfaceRegion anatomical surface feature uberon surface feature surface region surface structures UBERON:0003102 surface structure Anatomical structure that overlaps the outer epithelial layer and is adjacent to the space surrounding the organism. Organism subdivision which is the collection of anatomical structures on the body surface.[ZFA] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000292 TAO ZFIN:curator anatomical surface feature EHDAA2:0003010 surface structures ZFA:0000292 Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types. this class was introduced for consistency with CARO. However, in this ontology we typically classify organs directly under 'organ' rather than subdividing into compound and simple organs AAO:0010015 AEO:0000024 BILA:0000024 CARO:0000024 EHDAA2:0003024 HAO:0000024 TADS:0000598 TAO:0000496 TGMA:0001837 VHOG:0001723 XAO:0003041 ZFA:0000496 uberon organ UBERON:0003103 compound organ Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types. CARO:0000024 Portion of tissue consisting of loosely organized undifferentiated mesodermal cells that give rise to such structures as connective tissues, blood, lymphatics, bone, and cartilage[XAO]. A mesh-like cell arrangement, less compact than an epithelium[ZFA]. The part of the embryonic mesoderm, consisting of loosely packed, unspecialized cells set in a gelatinous ground substance, from which connective tissue, bone, cartilage, and the circulatory and lymphatic systems develop[BTO]. the relationship to mesoderm is weaker than develops_from in order to have classes such as 'head mesenchyme from mesoderm' make sense A mesh-like cell arrangement, less compact than an epithelium. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] Portion of tissue consisting of loosely organized undifferentiated mesodermal cells that give rise to such structures as connective tissues, blood, lymphatics, bone, and cartilage.[AAO] mesenchymal AAO:0010427 AEO:0000145 BTO:0001393 CALOHA:TS-0620 EHDAA2:0003145 EV:0100007 NCIT:C13301 TAO:0000393 UMLS:C0162415 VHOG:0000170 XAO:0003046 ZFA:0000393 mesenchymal tissue mesenchyme tissue portion of mesenchymal tissue portion of mesenchyme tissue uberon mesenchyma UBERON:0003104 mesenchyme Portion of tissue consisting of loosely organized undifferentiated mesodermal cells that give rise to such structures as connective tissues, blood, lymphatics, bone, and cartilage[XAO]. A mesh-like cell arrangement, less compact than an epithelium[ZFA]. The part of the embryonic mesoderm, consisting of loosely packed, unspecialized cells set in a gelatinous ground substance, from which connective tissue, bone, cartilage, and the circulatory and lymphatic systems develop[BTO]. BTO:0001393 ZFIN:curator A mesh-like cell arrangement, less compact than an epithelium. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000393 TAO ZFIN:curator Portion of tissue consisting of loosely organized undifferentiated mesodermal cells that give rise to such structures as connective tissues, blood, lymphatics, bone, and cartilage.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010427 AAO AAO:EJS UMLS:C0162415 ncithesaurus:Mesenchyme mesenchyma The 6th pharyngeal arch. contributes to the development of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles The forth in a series of paired bars in the wall of the pharynx, within which are formed the forth aortic arch and the cartilage bar of the visceral skeleton, forms and supports the gills.[AAO] A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG] 6 UBERON:0004349 AAO:0010368 EHDAA2:0004075 EMAPA:32766 FMA:293047 TAO:0001601 VHOG:0001205 XAO:0000453 ZFA:0001609 6th arch gill arch 4 sixth branchial arch visceral arch 6 uberon 6th pharyngeal arch 6th visceral arch branchial arch 4 fourth branchial arch sixth pharyngeal arch sixth visceral arch UBERON:0003117 pharyngeal arch 6 The 6th pharyngeal arch. contributes to the development of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles MP:0006347 The forth in a series of paired bars in the wall of the pharynx, within which are formed the forth aortic arch and the cartilage bar of the visceral skeleton, forms and supports the gills.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010368 AAO ISBN:0-02-377110-0 A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001205 VHOG DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00472.x Graham A, Okabe M, Quinlan R, The role of the endoderm in the development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2005) 6th arch EHDAA2:0004075 gill arch 4 ZFA:0001609 visceral arch 6 ZFA:0001609 6th pharyngeal arch VHOG:0001205 6th visceral arch VHOG:0001205 branchial arch 4 AAO:0010368 ZFA:0001609 fourth branchial arch sixth pharyngeal arch VHOG:0001205 sixth visceral arch XAO:0000453 The vessels formed within the first pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis Disappears early in development in tetrapods ZFA states that The paired aortic arch 1 arteries branch off of the ventral aorta, and empty into the right and left lateral dorsal aortas UBERON:0004371 AAO:0010415 EHDAA2:0000007 EMAPA:16202 EMAPA:16685 TAO:0005005 VHOG:0000149 XAO:0000342 ZFA:0005005 1st arch artery AA1 aortic arch 1 first aortic arch first branchial arch artery mandibular aortic arch uberon 1st aortic arch artery 1st branchial arch artery 1st pharyngeal arch artery first arch artery UBERON:0003118 pharyngeal arch artery 1 The vessels formed within the first pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis MP:0010355 ZFA states that The paired aortic arch 1 arteries branch off of the ventral aorta, and empty into the right and left lateral dorsal aortas ZFA 1st arch artery EMAPA:16685 AA1 ZFA:0005005 aortic arch 1 ZFA:0005005 first aortic arch XAO:0000342 mandibular aortic arch ZFA:0005005 1st aortic arch artery EMAPA:16685 1st branchial arch artery EMAPA:16685 1st pharyngeal arch artery EMAPA:16685 first arch artery EMAPA:16685 The vessels formed within the sixth pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis The fifth and sixth arches, which come on-line at approximately 2.5 dpf, have a common trunk from the ventral aorta and drain to the midline dorsal aorta via an independent route. The fifth and sixth aortic arches supply the trunk and tail with oxigenated blood. Isogai et al. 2001.[TAO] The sixth in a series paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae. Aortic arch 6 artery is paired and has a common trunk with aortic arch 5 from the ventral aorta, and drains via a separate branch of the lateral dorsal aorta. It forms part of the pulmonary arteries, and in the later embryo, the ductus arteriosis. Aortic arches 5 and 6 together supply the trunk and tail with oxygenated blood.[AAO] The sixth right arch disappears; the sixth left arch gives off the pulmonary arteries and forms the ductus arteriosus; this duct remains pervious during the whole of fetal life, but then closes within the first few days after birth due to increased O2 concentration. Oxygen concentration causes the production of bradykinin which causes the ductus to constrict occluding all flow. Within 1-3 months, the ductus is obliterated and becomes the ligamentum arteriosus. His showed that in the early embryo the right and left arches each gives a branch to the lungs, but that later both pulmonary arteries take origin from the left arch[WP][Wikipedia:Aortic_arches#Arch_6]. the distal left sixth arch becomes the ductus arteriosus, the proximal sixth arches bilaterally contribute to the proximal branch pulmonary arteries UBERON:0004351 AAO:0010422 EHDAA2:0000102 EMAPA:17005 TAO:0005016 VHOG:0000144 XAO:0000353 ZFA:0005016 6th arch artery AA6 aortic arch 6 sixth aortic arch sixth branchial arch artery uberon 6th aortic arch artery 6th branchial arch artery 6th pharyngeal arch artery pulmonary arch UBERON:0003123 pharyngeal arch artery 6 The vessels formed within the sixth pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis MP:0006355 The fifth and sixth arches, which come on-line at approximately 2.5 dpf, have a common trunk from the ventral aorta and drain to the midline dorsal aorta via an independent route. The fifth and sixth aortic arches supply the trunk and tail with oxigenated blood. Isogai et al. 2001.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0005016 TAO ZFIN:curator The sixth in a series paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae. Aortic arch 6 artery is paired and has a common trunk with aortic arch 5 from the ventral aorta, and drains via a separate branch of the lateral dorsal aorta. It forms part of the pulmonary arteries, and in the later embryo, the ductus arteriosis. Aortic arches 5 and 6 together supply the trunk and tail with oxygenated blood.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010422 AAO ISBN:0-02-377110-0 The sixth right arch disappears; the sixth left arch gives off the pulmonary arteries and forms the ductus arteriosus; this duct remains pervious during the whole of fetal life, but then closes within the first few days after birth due to increased O2 concentration. Oxygen concentration causes the production of bradykinin which causes the ductus to constrict occluding all flow. Within 1-3 months, the ductus is obliterated and becomes the ligamentum arteriosus. His showed that in the early embryo the right and left arches each gives a branch to the lungs, but that later both pulmonary arteries take origin from the left arch[WP][Wikipedia:Aortic_arches#Arch_6]. the distal left sixth arch becomes the ductus arteriosus, the proximal sixth arches bilaterally contribute to the proximal branch pulmonary arteries 6th arch artery EMAPA:17005 AA6 ZFA:0005016 aortic arch 6 ZFA:0005016 sixth aortic arch XAO:0000353 6th aortic arch artery EMAPA:17005 6th branchial arch artery EMAPA:17005 6th pharyngeal arch artery EMAPA:17005 pulmonary arch ISBN:0073040584 Upper portion of the skull that excludes the mandible (when present in the organism). cranial the inclusion of the FMA class here is probably not quite correct, as this class includes as parts sutures, whereas this is not part of the bones of the cranium The term cranium can be ambiguous, in that it can refer to the neurocranium, or the neurocranium and the Facial skeleton BTO:0001328 EFO:0000831 EHDAA:6029 EMAPA:17680 FMA:71325 MA:0000316 MAT:0000340 MIAA:0000340 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVlEyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA VHOG:0000334 bones of cranium ossa cranii set of bones of cranium skull minus mandible upper part of skull uberon calvarium epicranial plate skeletal system of head UBERON:0003128 cranium FMA-inferred Upper portion of the skull that excludes the mandible (when present in the organism). the inclusion of the FMA class here is probably not quite correct, as this class includes as parts sutures, whereas this is not part of the bones of the cranium FMA The term cranium can be ambiguous, in that it can refer to the neurocranium, or the neurocranium and the Facial skeleton WP bones of cranium FMA:71325 ossa cranii FMA:71325 FMA:TA set of bones of cranium FMA:71325 calvarium BTO:0001328 Anatomical structure that is part of the head consisting entirely of cranium and mandible[WP]. in FMA the skull is divided into orbit, neurocranium (8 parts), viscerocranium (26 parts). Here we have a separate overlapping division into cranium and mandible. in many ontologies, the structure called the cranium is inclusive of the mandible/lower jaw skeleton A skull that is missing a mandible is only a cranium; this is the source of a very commonly made error in terminology. Those animals having skulls are called craniates BTO:0001295 CALOHA:TS-2344 EHDAA2:0000325 EMAPA:17680 FMA:46565 GAID:82 MESH:D012886 NCIT:C12789 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjOsZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0037303 WikipediaCategory:Skull galen:Skull uberon cranial skeleton skeletal system of head UBERON:0003129 skull FMA Anatomical structure that is part of the head consisting entirely of cranium and mandible[WP]. in FMA the skull is divided into orbit, neurocranium (8 parts), viscerocranium (26 parts). Here we have a separate overlapping division into cranium and mandible. FMA A skull that is missing a mandible is only a cranium; this is the source of a very commonly made error in terminology. Those animals having skulls are called craniates WP UMLS:C0037303 ncithesaurus:Skull An epithelium that is part of a lower jaw [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0001019 EHDAA:7999 EMAPA:35516 VHOG:0000802 epithelial tissue of lower jaw epithelial tissue of ventral mandibular arch epithelium of ventral mandibular arch lower jaw epithelial tissue lower jaw epithelium ventral mandibular arch epithelial tissue ventral mandibular arch epithelium uberon UBERON:0003236 epithelium of lower jaw An epithelium that is part of a lower jaw [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of lower jaw OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of ventral mandibular arch OBOL:automatic epithelium of ventral mandibular arch OBOL:automatic lower jaw epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic lower jaw epithelium OBOL:automatic ventral mandibular arch epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic ventral mandibular arch epithelium OBOL:automatic An endoderm that is part of a foregut [Automatically generated definition]. TODO - check EHDAA2:0004568 EHDAA:524 foregut endoderm uberon UBERON:0003258 endoderm of foregut An endoderm that is part of a foregut [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic foregut endoderm OBOL:automatic A subdivision of the skeleton that corresponds to the lower part of the mouth. The lower jaw skeleton includes the following elements, when present: lower jaw teeth, the mandible and other lower jaw bones, and Meckel's cartilage. The ventral portion of the first pharyngeal arch, comprising the lower jaw.[TAO] The jaw joint of all jawed vertebrates, except for mammals, involves the quadrate and articular bones, or the posterior ends of the palatoquadrate and mandibular cartilages; A correlate of the conversion of the articular and quadrate bones to the malleus and incus is that all adult mammals have a jaw joint that lies between the dentary of the lower jaw and the squamosal bone of the skull roof.[well established][VHOG] Inclusion of the FMA class 'lower jaw' is debatable - this mostly corresponds to the lower jaw skeleton (with 'maxillary part of mouth' corresponding to the upper jaw region); however, the FMA class also includes gingiva. See also: https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/102 lower jaw mandible AAO:0000274 EHDAA2:0004606 EHDAA:8005 EMAPA:17906 EMAPA:17910 FMA:54398 MA:0001906 TAO:0001273 VHOG:0000428 XAO:0003084 ZFA:0001273 lower jaw skeleton uberon mandibles mandibular series UBERON:0003278 skeleton of lower jaw EHDAA2 VHOG-modified A subdivision of the skeleton that corresponds to the lower part of the mouth. The lower jaw skeleton includes the following elements, when present: lower jaw teeth, the mandible and other lower jaw bones, and Meckel's cartilage. The ventral portion of the first pharyngeal arch, comprising the lower jaw.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001273 TAO ZFIN:curator The jaw joint of all jawed vertebrates, except for mammals, involves the quadrate and articular bones, or the posterior ends of the palatoquadrate and mandibular cartilages; A correlate of the conversion of the articular and quadrate bones to the malleus and incus is that all adult mammals have a jaw joint that lies between the dentary of the lower jaw and the squamosal bone of the skull roof.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000428 VHOG ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.241 and p.101 Inclusion of the FMA class 'lower jaw' is debatable - this mostly corresponds to the lower jaw skeleton (with 'maxillary part of mouth' corresponding to the upper jaw region); however, the FMA class also includes gingiva. See also: https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/102 FMA lower jaw MA:0001906 lower jaw ZFA:0001273 mandible ZFA:0001273 lower jaw skeleton AAO:0000274 mandibles TAO:0001273 mandibular series ZFA:0001273 A gland that is part of a foregut [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0000567 EHDAA:950 EMAPA:16557 VHOG:0000650 foregut gland uberon UBERON:0003294 gland of foregut A gland that is part of a foregut [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic foregut gland OBOL:automatic Racemose mucous glands beneath the mucous membrane of the pharynx. BTO:0004849 EHDAA2:0001461 EHDAA:2967 FMA:55075 pharynx gland uberon glandulae pharyngeae UBERON:0003295 pharyngeal gland BTO Racemose mucous glands beneath the mucous membrane of the pharynx. pharynx gland EHDAA2:0001461 glandulae pharyngeae BTO:0004849 A gland that is part of a integumental system [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0000837 EHDAA:6522 EMAPA:17758 MA:0000144 VHOG:0000654 integumental gland integumental system gland integumentary gland uberon UBERON:0003297 gland of integumental system A gland that is part of a integumental system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic integumental gland integumental system gland integumentary gland A blood island that is part of a mesoderm. in EHDAA2, gives rise to blood and dorsal aorta UBERON:0003305 EHDAA2:0003241 EHDAA:170 EMAPA:16115 mesoderm blood islands uberon mesenchyme blood island UBERON:0003304 mesoderm blood island EHDAA2 EHDAA2 A blood island that is part of a mesoderm. OBOL:automatic in EHDAA2, gives rise to blood and dorsal aorta EHDAA2 mesoderm blood islands EHDAA2:0003241 mesenchyme blood island OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that is part of a developing camera-type eye. TODO - change mesenchyme relationships to precursor_of EHDAA2:0000485 EHDAA:2910 EMAPA:16673 VHOG:0001084 mesenchyme of eye uberon UBERON:0003314 eye mesenchyme EHDAA2 Mesenchyme that is part of a developing camera-type eye. OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of eye OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that is part of a developing lower jaw [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0001024 EHDAA:8003 EMAPA:17916 VHOG:0001069 lower jaw mesenchyme mesenchyme of ventral mandibular arch ventral mandibular arch mesenchyme uberon UBERON:0003324 mesenchyme of lower jaw EHDAA2 Mesenchyme that is part of a developing lower jaw [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic lower jaw mesenchyme OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of ventral mandibular arch OBOL:automatic ventral mandibular arch mesenchyme OBOL:automatic A mucosa that is part of a oral opening [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:26937 mucosa of oral opening mucosa of oral part of face mucosa of organ of oral opening mucosa of organ of oral part of face mucosa of organ of oral region mucosa of organ of subdivision of mouth mucosa of subdivision of mouth mucous membrane of oral opening mucous membrane of oral part of face mucous membrane of oral region mucous membrane of subdivision of mouth oral opening mucosa oral opening mucosa of organ oral opening mucous membrane oral opening organ mucosa oral part of face mucosa oral part of face mucosa of organ oral part of face mucous membrane oral part of face organ mucosa oral region mucosa oral region mucosa of organ oral region mucous membrane oral region organ mucosa organ mucosa of oral opening organ mucosa of oral part of face organ mucosa of oral region organ mucosa of subdivision of mouth subdivision of mouth mucosa subdivision of mouth mucosa of organ subdivision of mouth mucous membrane subdivision of mouth organ mucosa uberon UBERON:0003343 mucosa of oral region A mucosa that is part of a oral opening [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic mucosa of oral opening OBOL:automatic mucosa of oral part of face OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of oral opening OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of oral part of face OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of oral region OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of subdivision of mouth OBOL:automatic mucosa of subdivision of mouth OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of oral opening OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of oral part of face OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of oral region OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of subdivision of mouth OBOL:automatic oral opening mucosa OBOL:automatic oral opening mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic oral opening mucous membrane OBOL:automatic oral opening organ mucosa OBOL:automatic oral part of face mucosa OBOL:automatic oral part of face mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic oral part of face mucous membrane OBOL:automatic oral part of face organ mucosa OBOL:automatic oral region mucosa OBOL:automatic oral region mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic oral region mucous membrane OBOL:automatic oral region organ mucosa OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of oral opening OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of oral part of face OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of oral region OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of subdivision of mouth OBOL:automatic subdivision of mouth mucosa OBOL:automatic subdivision of mouth mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic subdivision of mouth mucous membrane OBOL:automatic subdivision of mouth organ mucosa OBOL:automatic A layer of epithelial cells on the surface of the mucosa. BTO:0003752 uberon lamina epithelialis mucosa lamina epithelialis mucosae UBERON:0003350 lies on top of lamina propria epithelium of mucosa A layer of epithelial cells on the surface of the mucosa. BTO:0003752 lamina epithelialis mucosa BTO:0003752 lamina epithelialis mucosae BTO:0003752 An epithelium that is part of a pharynx [Automatically generated definition]. Epithelium lining the pharynx consisting largely of simple columnar epithelium with a short segment (1mm) of stratified squamous epithelium on the ventral side. Chen et al, 2007.[TAO] BSA:0000112 BTO:0005240 EMAPA:16708 MA:0002725 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001460 TAO:0001174 XAO:0003202 ZFA:0001174 epithelial tissue of pharynx epithelium of pharynx pharynx epithelial tissue pharynx epithelium uberon UBERON:0003351 pharyngeal epithelium ZFA ZFA An epithelium that is part of a pharynx [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic Epithelium lining the pharynx consisting largely of simple columnar epithelium with a short segment (1mm) of stratified squamous epithelium on the ventral side. Chen et al, 2007.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001174 TAO ZFIN:curator epithelial tissue of pharynx OBOL:automatic epithelium of pharynx OBOL:automatic pharynx epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic pharynx epithelium OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a right lung [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:17663 MA:0003132 epithelial tissue of right lung right lung epithelial tissue right lung epithelium uberon UBERON:0003364 epithelium of right lung An epithelium that is part of a right lung [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of right lung OBOL:automatic right lung epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic right lung epithelium OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a left lung [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:17655 MA:0003131 epithelial tissue of left lung left lung epithelial tissue left lung epithelium uberon UBERON:0003365 epithelium of left lung An epithelium that is part of a left lung [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of left lung OBOL:automatic left lung epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic left lung epithelium OBOL:automatic any of the striated muscles that move the eye and include: superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique, retractor bulbi Not clear if we need this and intra-ocular muscle. See issue #331. MA includes ciliary and iris smooth muscle EMAPA:18807 MA:0001268 ocular smooth muscle uberon UBERON:0003386 smooth muscle of eye any of the striated muscles that move the eye and include: superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique, retractor bulbi MGI:cwg MP:0005247 ocular smooth muscle MA:0001268 A gland that is part of a digestive tract [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:18815 MA:0003202 digestive tract gland gland of digestive tract gland of lower gastrointestinal tract gut gland lower gastrointestinal tract gland uberon UBERON:0003408 gland of digestive tract A gland that is part of a digestive tract [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic digestive tract gland OBOL:automatic gland of digestive tract OBOL:automatic gland of lower gastrointestinal tract OBOL:automatic gut gland MA:0003202 lower gastrointestinal tract gland OBOL:automatic An adipose tissue that is part of a dermis [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000798 adipose tissue of dermis dermis fat tissue dermis fatty tissue fat tissue of dermis fatty tissue of dermis uberon UBERON:0003426 dermis adipose tissue An adipose tissue that is part of a dermis [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic adipose tissue of dermis OBOL:automatic dermis fat tissue OBOL:automatic dermis fatty tissue OBOL:automatic fat tissue of dermis OBOL:automatic fatty tissue of dermis OBOL:automatic An artery that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:37569 MA:0001804 uberon UBERON:0003469 respiratory system artery An artery that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:37569 MA:th The Iinferior labial artery (inferior labial branch of facial artery) arises near the angle of the mouth; it passes upward and forward beneath the Triangularis and, penetrating the Orbicularis oris, runs in a tortuous course along the edge of the lower lip between this muscle and the mucous membrane. It supplies the labial glands, the mucous membrane, and the muscles of the lower lip; and anastomoses with the artery of the opposite side, and with the mental branch of the inferior alveolar artery. EMAPA:37429 FMA:49567 MA:0001916 arteria labialis inferior inferior labial artery inferior labial branch of facial artery ramus labialis inferior (arteria facialis) ramus labialis inferior arteriae facialis uberon UBERON:0003471 artery of lower lip FMA The Iinferior labial artery (inferior labial branch of facial artery) arises near the angle of the mouth; it passes upward and forward beneath the Triangularis and, penetrating the Orbicularis oris, runs in a tortuous course along the edge of the lower lip between this muscle and the mucous membrane. It supplies the labial glands, the mucous membrane, and the muscles of the lower lip; and anastomoses with the artery of the opposite side, and with the mental branch of the inferior alveolar artery. EMAPA:37429 MA:th arteria labialis inferior inferior labial artery FMA:49567 inferior labial branch of facial artery FMA:49567 ramus labialis inferior (arteria facialis) FMA:TA ramus labialis inferior arteriae facialis An artery that is part of a thoracic cavity[cjm]. in MA, aorta is classified here - but this is problematic because the abdominal aorta is not in the thoracic cavity EMAPA:37241 MA:0001902 MESH:D013895 uberon thoracic artery UBERON:0003473 thoracic cavity artery An artery that is part of a thoracic cavity[cjm]. in MA, aorta is classified here - but this is problematic because the abdominal aorta is not in the thoracic cavity MA EMAPA:37241 MA:th thoracic artery MESH:A07.231.114.891 A vein that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:37584 MA:0001809 MA:0001810 apparatus respiratorius vein respiratory system vein vein of apparatus respiratorius vein of respiratory system uberon UBERON:0003476 respiratory system venous blood vessel A vein that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:37584 MA:th apparatus respiratorius vein OBOL:automatic respiratory system vein OBOL:automatic vein of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic vein of respiratory system OBOL:automatic The inferior labial vein is the vein receiving blood from the lower lip. EMAPA:37202 FMA:52541 MA:0002253 inferior labial vein lower lip vein vena labialis inferior uberon venae labiales inferiores UBERON:0003478 vein of lower lip The inferior labial vein is the vein receiving blood from the lower lip. EMAPA:37202 MA:th inferior labial vein FMA:52541 lower lip vein OBOL:automatic vena labialis inferior venae labiales inferiores A vein that is part of a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:37242 MA:0001903 cavity of chest vein cavity of thorax vein chest cavity vein pectoral cavity vein vein of cavity of chest vein of cavity of thorax vein of chest cavity vein of pectoral cavity vein of thoracic cavity uberon UBERON:0003479 thoracic cavity vein A vein that is part of a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:37242 MA:th cavity of chest vein OBOL:automatic cavity of thorax vein OBOL:automatic chest cavity vein OBOL:automatic pectoral cavity vein OBOL:automatic vein of cavity of chest OBOL:automatic vein of cavity of thorax OBOL:automatic vein of chest cavity OBOL:automatic vein of pectoral cavity OBOL:automatic vein of thoracic cavity OBOL:automatic An endothelium of capillary that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:37575 MA:0001808 apparatus respiratorius blood capillary endothelium apparatus respiratorius capillary endothelium apparatus respiratorius capillary vessel endothelium apparatus respiratorius endothelium of blood capillary apparatus respiratorius endothelium of capillary apparatus respiratorius endothelium of capillary vessel blood capillary endothelium of apparatus respiratorius blood capillary endothelium of respiratory system capillary endothelium of apparatus respiratorius capillary endothelium of respiratory system capillary vessel endothelium of apparatus respiratorius capillary vessel endothelium of respiratory system endothelium of blood capillary of apparatus respiratorius endothelium of blood capillary of respiratory system endothelium of capillary of apparatus respiratorius endothelium of capillary of respiratory system endothelium of capillary vessel of apparatus respiratorius endothelium of capillary vessel of respiratory system respiratory system blood capillary endothelium respiratory system capillary vessel endothelium respiratory system endothelium of blood capillary respiratory system endothelium of capillary respiratory system endothelium of capillary vessel uberon UBERON:0003489 respiratory system capillary endothelium true An endothelium of capillary that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:37575 MA:th apparatus respiratorius blood capillary endothelium OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius capillary endothelium OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius capillary vessel endothelium OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius endothelium of blood capillary OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius endothelium of capillary OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius endothelium of capillary vessel OBOL:automatic blood capillary endothelium of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic blood capillary endothelium of respiratory system OBOL:automatic capillary endothelium of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic capillary endothelium of respiratory system OBOL:automatic capillary vessel endothelium of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic capillary vessel endothelium of respiratory system OBOL:automatic endothelium of blood capillary of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic endothelium of blood capillary of respiratory system OBOL:automatic endothelium of capillary of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic endothelium of capillary of respiratory system OBOL:automatic endothelium of capillary vessel of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic endothelium of capillary vessel of respiratory system OBOL:automatic respiratory system blood capillary endothelium OBOL:automatic respiratory system capillary vessel endothelium OBOL:automatic respiratory system endothelium of blood capillary OBOL:automatic respiratory system endothelium of capillary OBOL:automatic respiratory system endothelium of capillary vessel OBOL:automatic A venule that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:37587 MA:0001813 apparatus respiratorius venule venule of apparatus respiratorius venule of respiratory system uberon UBERON:0003494 respiratory system venule A venule that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:37587 MA:th apparatus respiratorius venule OBOL:automatic venule of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic venule of respiratory system OBOL:automatic An arteriole that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:37568 MA:0001803 uberon UBERON:0003495 respiratory system arteriole true An arteriole that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:37568 MA:th A blood vessel that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:36610 MA:0000575 adult head blood vessel blood vessel of adult head blood vessel of head uberon UBERON:0003496 head blood vessel true A blood vessel that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic adult head blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of adult head OBOL:automatic blood vessel of head OBOL:automatic A blood vessel that is part of a heart [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35397 MA:0002483 blood vessel of heart uberon cardiac blood vessel UBERON:0003498 heart blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a heart [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic blood vessel of heart OBOL:automatic cardiac blood vessel EMAPA:35397 A blood vessel that is part of a brain [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35182 MA:0002769 blood vessel of brain uberon UBERON:0003499 brain blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a brain [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic blood vessel of brain OBOL:automatic A blood vessel that is part of a cornea [Automatically generated definition]. follow up on tracker item EMAPA:36611 MA:0001241 blood vessel of cornea cornea blood vessel uberon UBERON:0003500 corneal blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a cornea [Automatically generated definition]. blood vessel of cornea OBOL:automatic cornea blood vessel OBOL:automatic A blood vessel that is part of a retina [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:36520 GAID:509 MA:0001317 MESH:D012171 XAO:0004153 blood vessel of inner layer of eyeball blood vessel of retina blood vessel of tunica interna of eyeball inner layer of eyeball blood vessel retinal blood vessel tunica interna of eyeball blood vessel uberon UBERON:0003501 retina blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a retina [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic blood vessel of inner layer of eyeball OBOL:automatic blood vessel of retina OBOL:automatic blood vessel of tunica interna of eyeball OBOL:automatic inner layer of eyeball blood vessel OBOL:automatic retinal blood vessel OBOL:automatic tunica interna of eyeball blood vessel OBOL:automatic A blood vessel that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:37236 MA:0000583 blood vessel of neck blood vessel of neck (volume) neck (volume) blood vessel uberon UBERON:0003502 neck blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:37236 MA:th blood vessel of neck OBOL:automatic blood vessel of neck (volume) OBOL:automatic neck (volume) blood vessel OBOL:automatic A blood vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35731 EMAPA:35995 MA:0001799 apparatus respiratorius blood vessel blood vessel of apparatus respiratorius blood vessel of respiratory system uberon UBERON:0003504 respiratory system blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius blood vessel OBOL:automatic blood vessel of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic blood vessel of respiratory system OBOL:automatic A blood vessel that is part of the arterial system. Includes artery, arteriole and aorta. EMAPA:35144 MA:0000061 uberon UBERON:0003509 only in MA - supertype of artery, arteriole, aorta. arterial blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of the arterial system. Includes artery, arteriole and aorta. A blood vessel that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:37387 MA:0001290 ZFA:0005568 blood vessel of iris uberon UBERON:0003511 iris blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:37387 MA:th blood vessel of iris OBOL:automatic A blood vessel that is part of a lung [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:32867 MA:0002457 blood vessel of lung uberon pulmonary vascular element UBERON:0003512 lung blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a lung [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic blood vessel of lung OBOL:automatic pulmonary vascular element EMAPA:32867 A blood vessel that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:37237 MA:0000511 blood vessel of torso blood vessel of trunk torso blood vessel uberon UBERON:0003513 trunk blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:37237 MA:th blood vessel of torso OBOL:automatic blood vessel of trunk OBOL:automatic torso blood vessel OBOL:automatic A blood vessel that is part of a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:37240 MA:0000554 blood vessel of cavity of chest blood vessel of cavity of thorax blood vessel of chest cavity blood vessel of pectoral cavity blood vessel of thoracic cavity cavity of chest blood vessel cavity of thorax blood vessel chest cavity blood vessel pectoral cavity blood vessel uberon UBERON:0003519 thoracic cavity blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:37240 MA:th blood vessel of cavity of chest OBOL:automatic blood vessel of cavity of thorax OBOL:automatic blood vessel of chest cavity OBOL:automatic blood vessel of pectoral cavity OBOL:automatic blood vessel of thoracic cavity OBOL:automatic cavity of chest blood vessel OBOL:automatic cavity of thorax blood vessel OBOL:automatic chest cavity blood vessel OBOL:automatic pectoral cavity blood vessel OBOL:automatic A capillary that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:37574 MA:0001807 apparatus respiratorius blood capillary apparatus respiratorius capillary apparatus respiratorius capillary vessel blood capillary of apparatus respiratorius blood capillary of respiratory system capillary of apparatus respiratorius capillary of respiratory system capillary vessel of apparatus respiratorius capillary vessel of respiratory system respiratory system blood capillary respiratory system capillary vessel uberon UBERON:0003526 respiratory system capillary A capillary that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:37574 MA:th apparatus respiratorius blood capillary OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius capillary OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius capillary vessel OBOL:automatic blood capillary of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic blood capillary of respiratory system OBOL:automatic capillary of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic capillary of respiratory system OBOL:automatic capillary vessel of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic capillary vessel of respiratory system OBOL:automatic respiratory system blood capillary OBOL:automatic respiratory system capillary vessel OBOL:automatic A gray matter that is part of a brain [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35184 MA:0000810 NCIT:C49333 UMLS:C1707348 brain grey matter brain grey substance gray matter of brain grey matter of brain grey substance of brain uberon UBERON:0003528 brain gray matter A gray matter that is part of a brain [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic UMLS:C1707348 ncithesaurus:Cerebral_Gray_Matter brain grey matter MA:0000810 brain grey substance OBOL:automatic gray matter of brain OBOL:automatic grey matter of brain OBOL:automatic grey substance of brain OBOL:automatic A portion of connective tissue that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:16098 MA:0000577 adult head connective tissue adult head portion of connective tissue adult head textus connectivus connective tissue of adult head connective tissue of head head portion of connective tissue head textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of adult head portion of connective tissue of head textus connectivus of adult head textus connectivus of head uberon UBERON:0003566 head connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic adult head connective tissue OBOL:automatic adult head portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic adult head textus connectivus OBOL:automatic connective tissue of adult head OBOL:automatic connective tissue of head OBOL:automatic head portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic head textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of adult head OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of head OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of adult head OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of head OBOL:automatic A portion of connective tissue that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:37250 MA:0000585 connective tissue of neck connective tissue of neck (volume) neck (volume) connective tissue neck (volume) portion of connective tissue neck (volume) textus connectivus neck portion of connective tissue neck textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of neck portion of connective tissue of neck (volume) textus connectivus of neck textus connectivus of neck (volume) uberon UBERON:0003568 neck connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:37250 MA:th connective tissue of neck OBOL:automatic connective tissue of neck (volume) OBOL:automatic neck (volume) connective tissue OBOL:automatic neck (volume) portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic neck (volume) textus connectivus OBOL:automatic neck portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic neck textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of neck OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of neck (volume) OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of neck OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of neck (volume) OBOL:automatic A portion of connective tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35968 EMAPA:35977 MA:0001814 apparatus respiratorius connective tissue apparatus respiratorius portion of connective tissue apparatus respiratorius textus connectivus connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius connective tissue of respiratory system portion of connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius portion of connective tissue of respiratory system respiratory system portion of connective tissue respiratory system textus connectivus textus connectivus of apparatus respiratorius textus connectivus of respiratory system uberon UBERON:0003570 respiratory system connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius connective tissue OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius textus connectivus OBOL:automatic connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic connective tissue of respiratory system OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of respiratory system OBOL:automatic respiratory system portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic respiratory system textus connectivus OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of respiratory system OBOL:automatic A portion of connective tissue that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:37548 MA:0002409 connective tissue of lower respiratory tract lower respiratory tract portion of connective tissue lower respiratory tract textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of lower respiratory tract textus connectivus of lower respiratory tract uberon UBERON:0003580 lower respiratory tract connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:37548 MA:th connective tissue of lower respiratory tract OBOL:automatic lower respiratory tract portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic lower respiratory tract textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of lower respiratory tract OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of lower respiratory tract OBOL:automatic A portion of connective tissue that is part of a dermis [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:36509 MA:0000799 connective tissue of dermis dermis portion of connective tissue dermis textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of dermis textus connectivus of dermis uberon UBERON:0003585 dermis connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a dermis [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic connective tissue of dermis OBOL:automatic dermis portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic dermis textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of dermis OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of dermis OBOL:automatic A portion of connective tissue that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:37252 MA:0000513 connective tissue of torso connective tissue of trunk portion of connective tissue of torso portion of connective tissue of trunk textus connectivus of torso textus connectivus of trunk torso connective tissue torso portion of connective tissue torso textus connectivus trunk portion of connective tissue trunk textus connectivus uberon UBERON:0003586 trunk connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:37252 MA:th connective tissue of torso OBOL:automatic connective tissue of trunk OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of torso OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of trunk OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of torso OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of trunk OBOL:automatic torso connective tissue OBOL:automatic torso portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic torso textus connectivus OBOL:automatic trunk portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic trunk textus connectivus OBOL:automatic A portion of connective tissue that is part of a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:37255 MA:0000555 cavity of chest connective tissue cavity of chest portion of connective tissue cavity of chest textus connectivus cavity of thorax connective tissue cavity of thorax portion of connective tissue cavity of thorax textus connectivus chest cavity connective tissue chest cavity portion of connective tissue chest cavity textus connectivus connective tissue of cavity of chest connective tissue of cavity of thorax connective tissue of chest cavity connective tissue of pectoral cavity connective tissue of thoracic cavity pectoral cavity connective tissue pectoral cavity portion of connective tissue pectoral cavity textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of cavity of chest portion of connective tissue of cavity of thorax portion of connective tissue of chest cavity portion of connective tissue of pectoral cavity portion of connective tissue of thoracic cavity textus connectivus of cavity of chest textus connectivus of cavity of thorax textus connectivus of chest cavity textus connectivus of pectoral cavity textus connectivus of thoracic cavity thoracic cavity portion of connective tissue thoracic cavity textus connectivus uberon UBERON:0003593 thoracic cavity connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:37255 MA:th cavity of chest connective tissue OBOL:automatic cavity of chest portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic cavity of chest textus connectivus OBOL:automatic cavity of thorax connective tissue OBOL:automatic cavity of thorax portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic cavity of thorax textus connectivus OBOL:automatic chest cavity connective tissue OBOL:automatic chest cavity portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic chest cavity textus connectivus OBOL:automatic connective tissue of cavity of chest OBOL:automatic connective tissue of cavity of thorax OBOL:automatic connective tissue of chest cavity OBOL:automatic connective tissue of pectoral cavity OBOL:automatic connective tissue of thoracic cavity OBOL:automatic pectoral cavity connective tissue OBOL:automatic pectoral cavity portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic pectoral cavity textus connectivus OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of cavity of chest OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of cavity of thorax OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of chest cavity OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of pectoral cavity OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of thoracic cavity OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of cavity of chest OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of cavity of thorax OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of chest cavity OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of pectoral cavity OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of thoracic cavity OBOL:automatic thoracic cavity portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic thoracic cavity textus connectivus OBOL:automatic A skin gland that is part of a camera-type eye [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:37530 MA:0002451 camera-type eye skin gland camera-type eye skin glands camera-type eye skin glands set skin gland of camera-type eye skin gland of vertebrate eye skin glands of camera-type eye skin glands of vertebrate eye skin glands set of camera-type eye skin glands set of vertebrate eye vertebrate eye skin gland vertebrate eye skin glands vertebrate eye skin glands set uberon UBERON:0003605 eye skin gland A skin gland that is part of a camera-type eye [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:37530 MA:th camera-type eye skin gland OBOL:automatic camera-type eye skin glands OBOL:automatic camera-type eye skin glands set OBOL:automatic skin gland of camera-type eye OBOL:automatic skin gland of vertebrate eye OBOL:automatic skin glands of camera-type eye OBOL:automatic skin glands of vertebrate eye OBOL:automatic skin glands set of camera-type eye OBOL:automatic skin glands set of vertebrate eye OBOL:automatic vertebrate eye skin gland OBOL:automatic vertebrate eye skin glands OBOL:automatic vertebrate eye skin glands set OBOL:automatic The type of heart connective tissue found in the endocardial layer that consists mainly of elastic fibers. MA:0002858 cardiac elastic tissue elastic connective tissue of heart elastic tissue of heart heart elastic connective tissue heart textus connectivus elasticus textus connectivus elasticus of heart uberon UBERON:0003610 heart elastic tissue The type of heart connective tissue found in the endocardial layer that consists mainly of elastic fibers. MP:0009863 cardiac elastic tissue MP:0009863 elastic connective tissue of heart OBOL:automatic elastic tissue of heart OBOL:automatic heart elastic connective tissue OBOL:automatic heart textus connectivus elasticus OBOL:automatic textus connectivus elasticus of heart OBOL:automatic An elastic tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:37579 MA:0001820 apparatus respiratorius elastic connective tissue apparatus respiratorius elastic tissue apparatus respiratorius textus connectivus elasticus elastic connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius elastic connective tissue of respiratory system elastic tissue of apparatus respiratorius elastic tissue of respiratory system respiratory system elastic connective tissue respiratory system textus connectivus elasticus textus connectivus elasticus of apparatus respiratorius textus connectivus elasticus of respiratory system uberon UBERON:0003611 respiratory system elastic tissue An elastic tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:37579 MA:th apparatus respiratorius elastic connective tissue OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius elastic tissue OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius textus connectivus elasticus OBOL:automatic elastic connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic elastic connective tissue of respiratory system OBOL:automatic elastic tissue of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic elastic tissue of respiratory system OBOL:automatic respiratory system elastic connective tissue OBOL:automatic respiratory system textus connectivus elasticus OBOL:automatic textus connectivus elasticus of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic textus connectivus elasticus of respiratory system OBOL:automatic An elastic tissue that is part of a circulatory system [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0002857 cardiovascular system elastic connective tissue cardiovascular system textus connectivus elasticus circulatory system elastic connective tissue circulatory system elastic tissue circulatory system textus connectivus elasticus elastic connective tissue of cardiovascular system elastic connective tissue of circulatory system elastic tissue of cardiovascular system elastic tissue of circulatory system textus connectivus elasticus of cardiovascular system textus connectivus elasticus of circulatory system uberon UBERON:0003613 cardiovascular system elastic tissue An elastic tissue that is part of a circulatory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic cardiovascular system elastic connective tissue OBOL:automatic cardiovascular system textus connectivus elasticus OBOL:automatic circulatory system elastic connective tissue OBOL:automatic circulatory system elastic tissue OBOL:automatic circulatory system textus connectivus elasticus OBOL:automatic elastic connective tissue of cardiovascular system OBOL:automatic elastic connective tissue of circulatory system OBOL:automatic elastic tissue of cardiovascular system OBOL:automatic elastic tissue of circulatory system OBOL:automatic textus connectivus elasticus of cardiovascular system OBOL:automatic textus connectivus elasticus of circulatory system OBOL:automatic Elastic tissue layer that lines a blood vessel layer. elastic lamina elastic laminae EMAPA:36300 MA:0002856 blood vessel elastic connective tissue blood vessel textus connectivus elasticus elastic connective tissue of blood vessel elastic tissue of blood vessel textus connectivus elasticus of blood vessel vascular elastic lamina vascular elastic laminae vascular elastic tissue uberon UBERON:0003614 blood vessel elastic tissue Elastic tissue layer that lines a blood vessel layer. elastic lamina MP:0006083 elastic laminae MP:0006083 blood vessel elastic connective tissue OBOL:automatic blood vessel textus connectivus elasticus OBOL:automatic elastic connective tissue of blood vessel OBOL:automatic elastic tissue of blood vessel OBOL:automatic textus connectivus elasticus of blood vessel OBOL:automatic vascular elastic lamina vascular elastic laminae vascular elastic tissue MP:0006083 Elastic tissue that is part of a lung [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0002860 elastic connective tissue of lung elastic tissue of lung lung elastic connective tissue lung textus connectivus elasticus textus connectivus elasticus of lung pulmonary elastic fiber uberon UBERON:0003615 lung elastic tissue Elastic tissue that is part of a lung [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic elastic connective tissue of lung OBOL:automatic elastic tissue of lung OBOL:automatic lung elastic connective tissue OBOL:automatic lung textus connectivus elasticus OBOL:automatic textus connectivus elasticus of lung OBOL:automatic pulmonary elastic fiber An arterial blood vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:37565 MA:0001800 uberon UBERON:0003643 respiratory system arterial blood vessel An arterial blood vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:37565 MA:th Portion of tissue in the nervous system which consists of neurons and glial cells, and may also contain parts of the vasculature. One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. Cells forming the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nervous system.[AAO] FMA definition includes vasculature AAO:0000325 AEO:0000123 EHDAA2:0003123 FMA:9642 GAID:609 MESH:D009417 NCIT:C13052 OpenCyc:Mx4rVmfYCsQ_QdeM_bFAeS8NRQ UMLS:C0027757 nerve tissue nervous tissue portion of neural tissue uberon UBERON:0003714 neural tissue Portion of tissue in the nervous system which consists of neurons and glial cells, and may also contain parts of the vasculature. FMA:9642 One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. Cells forming the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nervous system.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000325 AAO AAO:LAP FMA definition includes vasculature FMA UMLS:C0027757 ncithesaurus:Nervous_Tissue nerve tissue FMA:9642 nervous tissue FMA:9642 portion of neural tissue FMA:9642 A mucous membrane that lines the mouth. this is defined as any mucous membrane of the mouth - including palate, lips, uvula, etc. ncit split mouth/oral mucosa into lip and buccal. In future we may split into masticatory/keratinized (gingiva + hard palate) vs lining/non-keratinized (lips, cheeks, floor of mouth, soft palate). FMA distinguishes between mucosa of mouth and region of mouth (the latter including the buccal mucosa) the mucous membrane epithelium of the mouth. It can be divided into three categories: masticatory, lining, and specialized[Wikipedia:Oral_mucosa]. BTO:0002860 CALOHA:TS-0716 EMAPA:26937 FMA:59660 GAID:951 MA:0002794 MESH:D009061 NCIT:C77637 UMLS:C0026639 mouth mucosa mouth mucous membrane mouth organ mucosa mucosa of mouth mucous membrane of mouth oral mucous membrane oral part of viscerocranial mucosa tunica mucosa oris uberon buccal mucosa mucosal lining of mouth oral mucosa tunica mucosa oris UBERON:0003729 mouth mucosa A mucous membrane that lines the mouth. the mucous membrane epithelium of the mouth. It can be divided into three categories: masticatory, lining, and specialized[Wikipedia:Oral_mucosa]. UMLS:C0026639 ncithesaurus:Oral_Mucosa mouth mucosa FMA:59660 mouth mucous membrane OBOL:accepted mouth organ mucosa OBOL:accepted mucosa of mouth OBOL:accepted mucous membrane of mouth FMA:59660 oral part of viscerocranial mucosa FMA:59660 tunica mucosa oris FMA:59660 FMA:TA buccal mucosa GAID:951 mucosal lining of mouth MA:0002794 oral mucosa GAID:951 tunica mucosa oris Any muscle organ that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35733 MA:0001828 apparatus respiratorius muscle organ muscle organ of apparatus respiratorius muscle organ of respiratory system respiratory system muscle organ uberon UBERON:0003831 respiratory system muscle Any muscle organ that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius muscle organ OBOL:automatic muscle organ of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic muscle organ of respiratory system OBOL:automatic respiratory system muscle organ OBOL:automatic A blood vessel that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:37238 MA:0000558 blood vessel of thorax thorax blood vessel uberon upper body blood vessel UBERON:0003834 thoracic segment blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:37238 MA:th blood vessel of thorax OBOL:automatic thorax blood vessel OBOL:automatic upper body blood vessel MA:0000558 A portion of connective tissue that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:37253 MA:0000560 connective tissue of thorax portion of connective tissue of thorax textus connectivus of thorax thorax connective tissue thorax portion of connective tissue thorax textus connectivus uberon upper body connective tissue UBERON:0003837 thoracic segment connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:37253 MA:th connective tissue of thorax OBOL:automatic portion of connective tissue of thorax OBOL:automatic textus connectivus of thorax OBOL:automatic thorax connective tissue OBOL:automatic thorax portion of connective tissue OBOL:automatic thorax textus connectivus OBOL:automatic upper body connective tissue MA:0000560 An anatomical space that surrounded_by a neural tube. (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0005713 AAO:0011073 EHDAA2:0001269 EHDAA:2889 EHDAA:914 EMAPA:16167 VHOG:0001119 XAO:0000252 cavity of neural tube lumen of neural tube neural tube neural lumen prosencoel uberon central lumen neural lumen neurocoel UBERON:0003842 neural tube lumen An anatomical space that surrounded_by a neural tube. OBOL:automatic (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001119 VHOG ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28 cavity of neural tube lumen of neural tube neural tube neural lumen EHDAA2:0001269 neural lumen EHDAA:2889 neurocoel VHOG:0001119 A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a midbrain. We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] EFO:0003591 EHDAA2:0001101 EHDAA:360 TAO:0000935 VHOG:0000796 ZFA:0000935 mesencephalic neural crest neural crest midbrain uberon UBERON:0003849 mesencephalic neural crest ZFA A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a midbrain. OBOL:automatic We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000796 VHOG ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43 mesencephalic neural crest ZFA:0000935 neural crest midbrain ZFA:0000935 A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a hindbrain. Cranial neural crest that is part of the hindbrain.[TAO] We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] EHDAA2:0001628 EHDAA:362 EMAPA:35747 TAO:0007063 VHOG:0001210 ZFA:0007063 neural crest hindbrain rhombencephalic neural crest uberon rhombomere neural crest UBERON:0003852 rhombencephalon neural crest ZFA A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a hindbrain. OBOL:automatic Cranial neural crest that is part of the hindbrain.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0007063 TAO ZFIN:curator We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001210 VHOG ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43 neural crest hindbrain ZFA:0007063 rhombencephalic neural crest ZFA:0007063 rhombomere neural crest EMAPA:35747 A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a spinal cord. We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...)[well established][VHOG] EHDAA:696 EMAPA:16163 EMAPA:16881 VHOG:0001006 neural crest spinal cord uberon spinal neural crest UBERON:0003853 spinal cord neural crest A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a spinal cord. OBOL:automatic We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...)[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001006 VHOG ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43 neural crest spinal cord VHOG:0001006 spinal neural crest VHOG:0001006 A neural plate that develops_from a future spinal cord. Neural plate that is part of the spinal cord. [Bgee_curator][VHOG] (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...)[well established][VHOG] FMA:312957 TAO:0007021 VHOG:0000439 ZFA:0007021 neural plate of spinal cord uberon UBERON:0003854 spinal cord neural plate ZFA A neural plate that develops_from a future spinal cord. OBOL:automatic Neural plate that is part of the spinal cord. [Bgee_curator][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000439 VHOG (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...)[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000439 VHOG ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28 neural plate of spinal cord OBOL:automatic An anatomical cavity that has the potential to develop into a coelemic cavity lumen. uberon body cavity precursor UBERON:0003886 future coelemic cavity lumen An anatomical cavity that has the potential to develop into a coelemic cavity lumen. OBOL:automatic The part of the coelom in the embryo between the somatopleuric and splanchnopleuric mesoderm; the principal body cavities of the trunk (thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic) arise from this embryonic part of the coelom consider merging with coelom. TODO - add spatial relationships to halves of LPM. Note the OG places XAO and ZFA coelem terms here. editor note: TODO check ZFA, which appears to be a structure present in adults (...) I regard it unlikely that coeloms of all bilaterian animals are comparable and evolved very early. Considering all these questions, few convincing characters concerning the evolution of body cavities remain to be named. (...) A segmental coelom appears to have evolved at least two times, in Annelida and in Myomerata (Acrania and Craniota).[well established][VHOG] EHDAA:251 EMAPA:16088 NCIT:C34195 UMLS:C1512940 VHOG:0000316 somatic coelom uberon UBERON:0003887 intraembryonic coelom Wikipedia The part of the coelom in the embryo between the somatopleuric and splanchnopleuric mesoderm; the principal body cavities of the trunk (thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic) arise from this embryonic part of the coelom MGI:anna MP:0012187 (...) I regard it unlikely that coeloms of all bilaterian animals are comparable and evolved very early. Considering all these questions, few convincing characters concerning the evolution of body cavities remain to be named. (...) A segmental coelom appears to have evolved at least two times, in Annelida and in Myomerata (Acrania and Craniota).[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000316 VHOG ISBN:978-0198566694 Schmidt-Rhaesa A, The evolution of organ systems (2007) p.166 UMLS:C1512940 ncithesaurus:Intraembryonic_Coelom somatic coelom The part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells[GO]. (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011095 BTO:0000929 CALOHA:TS-0685 EHDAA2:0001253 EHDAA:4763 EMAPA:17171 EMAPA:18590 FMA:58628 MA:0000277 NCIT:C33166 TAO:0000046 UMLS:C1518263 VHOG:0000535 XAO:0003216 ZFA:0000046 neural layer of retina neural retina neuroretina stratum nervosum (retina) stratum nervosum retinae uberon neural retinal epithelium UBERON:0003902 retinal neural layer Bgee:AN The part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells[GO]. GO:0003407 (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000535 VHOG ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429 UMLS:C1518263 ncithesaurus:Neural_Retina neural layer of retina FMA:58628 neural retina XAO:0003216 ZFA:0000046 neuroretina ZFA:0000046 stratum nervosum (retina) FMA:58628 stratum nervosum retinae FMA:58628 FMA:TA neural retinal epithelium MA:000027 Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. contrast with a multi-tissue tube, which has as parts both epithelium, connective tissue, possibly muscle layers AEO:0000114 EHDAA2:0003114 FBbt:00007474 epithelial or endothelial tube uberon UBERON:0003914 epithelial tube Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. GO:0060562 Any endothelium that has the quality of being cylindrical [Automatically generated definition]. uberon UBERON:0003915 endothelial tube Any endothelium that has the quality of being cylindrical [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic A blood vessel that carries blood from the capillaries toward the heart EMAPA:35932 FMA:86188 MA:0000066 segment of venous tree organ venous tree organ segment uberon UBERON:0003920 Compare to: vein venous blood vessel A blood vessel that carries blood from the capillaries toward the heart segment of venous tree organ FMA:86188 venous tree organ segment FMA:86188 A duct that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. TAO:0005162 ZFA:0005162 duct of digestive system duct of gastrointestinal system gastrointestinal system duct uberon UBERON:0003928 digestive system duct A duct that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic duct of digestive system OBOL:automatic duct of gastrointestinal system OBOL:automatic gastrointestinal system duct OBOL:automatic An epithelium that lines the lumen of the digestive tract. Epithelium lining the lumen of the gut.[TAO] BTO:0000956 EHDAA2:0004567 EMAPA:32928 MA:0003201 NCIT:C12963 TAO:0005123 UMLS:C0836205 XAO:0003200 ZFA:0005123 digestive tract epithelial tissue epithelial tissue of digestive tract epithelial tissue of gut epithelium of digestive tract epithelium of gut gastrodermis gut epithelial tissue gut epithelium uberon alimentary tract epithelium UBERON:0003929 digestive tract epithelium An epithelium that lines the lumen of the digestive tract. Epithelium lining the lumen of the gut.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0005123 TAO ZFIN:curator UMLS:C0836205 ncithesaurus:Gut_Epithelium digestive tract epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of digestive tract OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of gut OBOL:automatic epithelium of digestive tract OBOL:automatic epithelium of gut OBOL:automatic gastrodermis BGEE:ANN NCBITaxon:6073 gut epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic gut epithelium EHDAA2:0004567 MA:0003201 ZFA:0005123 alimentary tract epithelium OBOL:automatic The slender connective tissue fiber in the extracellular matrix of skin tissue that is composed of microfibrils and amorphous elastin and is characterized by great elasticity EMAPA:37841 cutaneous elastic fiber dermal elastic fiber uberon UBERON:0003967 cutaneous elastic tissue The slender connective tissue fiber in the extracellular matrix of skin tissue that is composed of microfibrils and amorphous elastin and is characterized by great elasticity MP:0008418 EMAPA:37841 MA:th cutaneous elastic fiber MP:0008418 dermal elastic fiber MP:0008418 The connection between the embryo proper and extraembryonic tissues uberon UBERON:0004015 embryonic-extraembryonic boundary The connection between the embryo proper and extraembryonic tissues MP:0003890 A transitional population of migrating mesenchymal cells that derive from somites and that will become dermal cells. Not to be confused with 'dermatome segment of skin'. AAO:0011028 AEO:0001017 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003428 EHDAA:1719 EHDAA:1725 EHDAA:1731 EHDAA:1737 EMAPA:32838 FMA:295656 NCIT:C61572 UMLS:C0180383 XAO:0000220 cutis plate dermatomal mesenchyme uberon epimere mesoderm mesenchyma dermatomiale UBERON:0004016 dermatome AEO EHDAA2-abduced A transitional population of migrating mesenchymal cells that derive from somites and that will become dermal cells. AEO:0001017 AEO:JB UMLS:C0180383 ncithesaurus:Dermatome cutis plate dermatomal mesenchyme mesenchyma dermatomiale The single layer of epithelial cells that lines the early neural tube and develops into the nervous system and into the neural crest cells As the cells adjacent to the lumen continue to divide, the migrating cells form a second layer around the original neural tube. This layer becomes progressively thicker as more cells are added to it from the germinal neuroepithelium. This new layer is called the mantle (or intermediate) zone, and the germinal epithelium is now called the ventricular zone (and, later, the ependyma)[NCBIBook:NBK10047] germinal neuroepithelial layer germinal neuroepithelium original neural tube uberon UBERON:0004022 germinal neuroepithelium NCBIBook:NBK10047 The single layer of epithelial cells that lines the early neural tube and develops into the nervous system and into the neural crest cells MP:0004261 germinal neuroepithelial layer germinal neuroepithelium NCBIBook:NBK10047 original neural tube NCBIBook:NBK10047 The layer of undifferentiated, proliferating cells that line the neural tube lumen that is the immediate transformation of the germinal neuroepithelium consider merging with 'ventricular zone'; note that the MA class probably does not belong here, as this is an embryonic structure The layer of undifferentiated, proliferating cells that line the neural tube lumen ependymal layer EMAPA:17152 EMAPA:35362 EMAPA_RETIRED:16783 MA:0003193 neural tube ependymal layer neural tube ventricular germinal zone neural tube ventricular zone neural tube ependymal zone uberon UBERON:0004060 neural tube ventricular layer NCBIBook:NBK10047 NCBIBook:NBK10047 The layer of undifferentiated, proliferating cells that line the neural tube lumen that is the immediate transformation of the germinal neuroepithelium MP:0009689 The layer of undifferentiated, proliferating cells that line the neural tube lumen MP:0009689 ependymal layer NCBIBook:NBK10047 neural tube ependymal layer NCBIBook:NBK10047 neural tube ventricular germinal zone NCBIBook:NBK10047 neural tube ventricular zone MP:0009689 neural tube ependymal zone MP:0009689 The layer of glia and differentiating neurons that forms as a second layer around the germinal neuroepithium; as this develops it comes to lie between the ventricular and marginal layers and includes the basal and alar plates. Develops into neurons and glia forming a gray matter layer. EMAPA:17148 EMAPA:35360 neural tube intermediate zone uberon future brain marginal layer UBERON:0004061 neural tube mantle layer NCBIBook:NBK10047 by division NCBIBook:NBK10047 The layer of glia and differentiating neurons that forms as a second layer around the germinal neuroepithium; as this develops it comes to lie between the ventricular and marginal layers and includes the basal and alar plates. Develops into neurons and glia forming a gray matter layer. MP:0009690 neural tube intermediate zone MP:0009690 future brain marginal layer EMAPA:35360 The outermost layer of the neural tube that consists of axons from the developing mantle layer and will form the white matter EMAPA:17151 neural tube marginal zone uberon brain marginal zone UBERON:0004062 neural tube marginal layer forms from axons The outermost layer of the neural tube that consists of axons from the developing mantle layer and will form the white matter MP:0009691 neural tube marginal zone MP:0009691 The subdivision of the face that includes the eye (eyeball plus adnexa such as eyelids) and the orbit of the skull and associated parts of the face such as the eyebrows, if present note the FMA class is more narrow though, and is more like eye + muscles + vasculature. The FMA also has FMA:72951 orbital part of eye in HP covers eyelid, eyebrow. FMA:260119 content of orbital part of eye eye region orbital part of face uberon ocular and peri-ocular region ocular region orbital content orbital part of eye UBERON:0004088 orbital region The subdivision of the face that includes the eye (eyeball plus adnexa such as eyelids) and the orbit of the skull and associated parts of the face such as the eyebrows, if present in HP covers eyelid, eyebrow. HP:0000284 content of orbital part of eye FMA:260119 eye region orbital part of face orbital content FMA:260119 orbital part of eye FMA:72951 2 2 Any tube, opening or passage that connects two distinct anatomical spaces. FMA has both conduit and conduit space. In EHDAA2 this is a surface feature AEO:0000080 EHDAA2:0003080 FMA:242873 foramen foramina uberon opening ostia ostium UBERON:0004111 anatomical conduit Any tube, opening or passage that connects two distinct anatomical spaces. FMA has both conduit and conduit space. In EHDAA2 this is a surface feature FMA foramen EHDAA2:0003080 foramina ostia A vasculature that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. ZFA:0005568 iris blood vessels iris vascular network iris vasculature vascular network of iris uberon UBERON:0004118 vasculature of iris A vasculature that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic iris blood vessels ZFA:0005568 iris vascular network OBOL:automatic vascular network of iris OBOL:automatic An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the endoderm. Grouping term for query purposes uberon UBERON:0004119 endoderm-derived structure An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the endoderm. An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the mesoderm. Grouping term for query purposes FBbt:00025998 mesodermal derivative uberon UBERON:0004120 mesoderm-derived structure An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the mesoderm. mesodermal derivative FBbt:00025998 An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm. Grouping term for query purposes FBbt:00025990 ectodermal deriviative uberon UBERON:0004121 ectoderm-derived structure An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm. ectodermal deriviative FBbt:00025990 The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup[GO]. Portion of tissue that is comprised of neuroepitheium which has pinched off from the anterior neural keel and will form the optic cup[ZFA]. (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011039 EHDAA2:0001320 EMAPA:16540 FMA:293357 NCIT:C34236 TAO:0000050 UMLS:C0231106 VHOG:0000165 XAO:0000228 ZFA:0000050 uberon evagination eye vesicle ocular vesicle optic vesicles UBERON:0004128 Genes: Six3, Pax6, Rx1 are expressed together in the tip of the neural plate [ISBN:9780878932504 "Developmental Biology"]. Development notes: During subsequent develop- ment, the optic vesicle invaginates and becomes a two-layered structure with an inner neural retina and outer retinal pigment epithelium. As soon as the developing optic vesicle makes contact with the overlying ectoderm, it induces the ectoderm to thicken and form the lens placode [PMID:16496288] optic vesicle ZFA GO-def ZFA The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup[GO]. Portion of tissue that is comprised of neuroepitheium which has pinched off from the anterior neural keel and will form the optic cup[ZFA]. GO:0003404 (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000165 VHOG ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429 UMLS:C0231106 ncithesaurus:Optic_Vesicle eye vesicle XAO:0000228 ocular vesicle VHOG:0000165 optic vesicles ZFA:0000050 The first recognizable structure derived from the heart field TODO - check plate vs rudiment vs primordium vs endocardial tube. See XAO (In vertebrates) The embryonic mesoderm is the source of both the cardiogenic plate, giving rise to the future myocardium as well as the endocardium that will line the system on the inner side.[well established][VHOG] EHDAA2:0000215 EMAPA:16106 VHOG:0000975 myocardial plate uberon cardiac crescent cardiogenic crescent heart rudiment UBERON:0004139 cardiogenic plate The first recognizable structure derived from the heart field GO:0003142 (In vertebrates) The embryonic mesoderm is the source of both the cardiogenic plate, giving rise to the future myocardium as well as the endocardium that will line the system on the inner side.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000975 VHOG PMID:15611355 Gittenberger-de Groot AC, Bartelings MM, Deruiter MC, Poelmann RE, Basics of cardiac development for the understanding of congenital heart malformations. Pediatric Research (2005) myocardial plate EHDAA2:0000215 cardiac crescent EMAPA:16106 cardiogenic crescent GO:0003142 A specific region of the lateral mesoderm that will form the primary beating heart tube. In mammals the primary heart field gives rise to the left ventricle. this term denotes the primary heart field; GO:0003128 denotes the superclass of primary and secondary: specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area which will form the primary beating heart tube[GO:0003138] XAO:0004185 first heart field primary heart field uberon FHF PHF heart field UBERON:0004140 primary heart field GO:0003128 BGEE:ann A specific region of the lateral mesoderm that will form the primary beating heart tube. In mammals the primary heart field gives rise to the left ventricle. GO:0003138 GOC:mtg_heart GOC:rl this term denotes the primary heart field; GO:0003128 denotes the superclass of primary and secondary: specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area which will form the primary beating heart tube[GO:0003138] GO first heart field XAO:0004185 primary heart field XAO:0004185 FHF XAO:0004185 PHF XAO:0004185 heart field XAO:0004185 An epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart. the paired, longitudinal, endothelial-lined channels formed from the cardiogenic mesoderm in embryonic development; angiogenic cell clusters (aka angioblastic cords) located in a horse-shoe shape configuration in the cardiogenic plate coalesce to form the right and left endocardial heart tubes which then fuse in cephalo-caudal direction to form a single primitive heart tube. AAO:0010411 EFO:0003526 EMAPA:32685 NCIT:C34161 TAO:0000360 XAO:0000337 ZFA:0000360 embryonic heart tube endocardial heart tube endocardial tube uberon UBERON:0004141 heart tube ZFA-modified An epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart. GO:0003143 GOC:mtg_heart the paired, longitudinal, endothelial-lined channels formed from the cardiogenic mesoderm in embryonic development; angiogenic cell clusters (aka angioblastic cords) located in a horse-shoe shape configuration in the cardiogenic plate coalesce to form the right and left endocardial heart tubes which then fuse in cephalo-caudal direction to form a single primitive heart tube. MP:0012700 embryonic heart tube GO:0003143 endocardial heart tube MP:0012700 endocardial tube XAO:0000337 The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract uberon UBERON:0004142 outflow tract septum The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract GO:0003148 The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries Depending on the species, attached at the cardiac outflow are described the conus arteriosus, the truncus arteriosus and, or the bulbus arteriosus. At the distal limit of these outflow structures, but lying outside the pericardial cavity, is the ventral aorta[PMID:20735616] EHDAA2:0001351 EHDAA:464 EHDAA:798 EMAPA:16346 MA:0000100 VHOG:0000670 XAO:0004139 cardiac outflow tract heart outflow tract uberon arterial (outflow) pole UBERON:0004145 outflow tract The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries GO:0003151 cardiac outflow tract arterial (outflow) pole A cardiac chamber surrounds an enclosed cavity within the heart FMA:7095 OpenCyc:Mx4rmexpjPdAEduAAAAOpmP6tw chamber of heart heart chamber uberon UBERON:0004151 generic enough to cover FBbt:00003156 heart chamber but this is a cavity. GO defines it as the cavity. TODO - move subclasses. Note this also includes sinus venosus cardiac chamber A cardiac chamber surrounds an enclosed cavity within the heart GO:0003205 Organ that is part of the hematopoietic system. consider splitting out lymph organ, compare with lymph node the organs in which the formed elements of the blood and lymph are produced[http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Hematopoietic+Organs]. the FMA class 'lymphoid organ' is a general anatomical term BTO:0004605 EMAPA:37665 FMA:7143 MA:0000747 haematological system organ haemopoietic system organ hematopoeitic organ hematopoietic system organ organ of haematological system organ of haemopoietic system organ of hematopoietic system organ of organa haemopoietica organa haemopoietica organ hematopoeitic or lymphoid organ lymph organ lymphoid organ uberon UBERON:0004177 hemopoietic organ Organ that is part of the hematopoietic system. GOC:Obol the organs in which the formed elements of the blood and lymph are produced[http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Hematopoietic+Organs]. the FMA class 'lymphoid organ' is a general anatomical term FMA EMAPA:37665 MA:th haematological system organ OBOL:automatic haemopoietic system organ OBOL:automatic hematopoietic system organ OBOL:automatic organ of haematological system OBOL:automatic organ of haemopoietic system OBOL:automatic organ of hematopoietic system OBOL:automatic organ of organa haemopoietica OBOL:automatic organa haemopoietica organ OBOL:automatic lymph organ MA:0000747 lymphoid organ BTO:0004605 FMA:7143 A portions of the gut that is derived from endoderm. EMAPA:32930 endodermal gut gut endoderm uberon UBERON:0004185 endodermal part of digestive tract A portions of the gut that is derived from endoderm. GO:0061031 gut endoderm EMAPA:32930 A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0001660 EMAPA:35734 MA:0001830 respiratory smooth muscle smooth muscle of respiratory system uberon airway smooth muscle airway smooth muscle cell UBERON:0004225 respiratory system smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic respiratory smooth muscle BTO:0001660 smooth muscle of respiratory system OBOL:automatic airway smooth muscle BTO:0001660 airway smooth muscle cell BTO:0001660 A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35520 MA:0002410 involuntary muscle of lower respiratory tract lower respiratory tract involuntary muscle lower respiratory tract non-striated muscle lower respiratory tract smooth muscle tissue non-striated muscle of lower respiratory tract smooth muscle of lower respiratory tract smooth muscle tissue of lower respiratory tract uberon UBERON:0004233 lower respiratory tract smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of lower respiratory tract OBOL:automatic lower respiratory tract involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic lower respiratory tract non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic lower respiratory tract smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of lower respiratory tract OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of lower respiratory tract OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of lower respiratory tract OBOL:automatic A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. see notes for muscle of iris. BTO:0000655 EMAPA:35448 FMA:312338 MA:0001270 involuntary muscle of iris iridial smooth muscle iris involuntary muscle iris non-striated muscle iris smooth muscle tissue non-striated muscle of iris smooth muscle of iris smooth muscle tissue of iris uberon UBERON:0004234 iris smooth muscle MA A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of iris OBOL:automatic iridial smooth muscle iris involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic iris non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic iris smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of iris OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of iris OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of iris OBOL:automatic A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an arteriole [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:36287 FMA:312251 MA:0000706 uberon UBERON:0004236 arteriole smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an arteriole [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic smooth muscle found within, and composing the majority of the wall of blood vessels. Vascular smooth muscle contracts or relaxes to both change the volume of blood vessels and the local blood pressure, a mechanism that is responsible for the redistribution of the blood within the body to areas where it is needed (i.e. areas with temporarily enhanced oxygen consumption). Thus the main function of vascular smooth muscle tonus is to regulate the caliber of the blood vessels in the body. Excessive vasoconstriction leads to hypertension, while excessive vasodilation as in shock leads to hypotension. UBERON:0010508 BTO:0001431 CALOHA:TS-1107 EMAPA:35177 MA:0000710 MESH:D009131 NCIT:C33853 TAO:0005321 UMLS:C1519956 ZFA:0005321 blood vessel involuntary muscle blood vessel non-striated muscle blood vessel smooth muscle tissue involuntary muscle of blood vessel non-striated muscle of blood vessel smooth muscle of blood vessel smooth muscle tissue of blood vessel vascular smooth muscle vascular smooth muscle tissue uberon UBERON:0004237 blood vessel smooth muscle smooth muscle found within, and composing the majority of the wall of blood vessels. UMLS:C1519956 ncithesaurus:Vascular_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue blood vessel involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic blood vessel non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic blood vessel smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic involuntary muscle of blood vessel OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of blood vessel OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of blood vessel OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of blood vessel OBOL:automatic vascular smooth muscle ZFA:0005321 A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:37708 MA:0000492 involuntary muscle of outflow tract non-striated muscle of outflow tract outflow tract involuntary muscle outflow tract non-striated muscle outflow tract smooth muscle tissue smooth muscle of outflow tract smooth muscle tissue of outflow tract uberon UBERON:0004246 outflow tract smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:37708 MA:th involuntary muscle of outflow tract OBOL:automatic non-striated muscle of outflow tract OBOL:automatic outflow tract involuntary muscle OBOL:automatic outflow tract non-striated muscle OBOL:automatic outflow tract smooth muscle tissue OBOL:automatic smooth muscle of outflow tract OBOL:automatic smooth muscle tissue of outflow tract OBOL:automatic Any muscle organ that is part of a skin of body [Automatically generated definition]. review as part of general integumentary system review - part of skin, or more generally, integumental system in MA, the only skin muscle is arrector pili. The only integumental muscle is panniculus carnosus. In EMAPA, the arrector pili only UBERON:0015797 EMAPA:18187 EMAPA:35776 MA:0002710 MA:0003139 integumental system muscle muscle of integumental system muscle organ of skin skin muscle organ uberon UBERON:0004253 skin muscle Any muscle organ that is part of a skin of body [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic in MA, the only skin muscle is arrector pili. The only integumental muscle is panniculus carnosus. In EMAPA, the arrector pili only MA integumental system muscle MA:0003139 muscle of integumental system EMAPA:18187 muscle organ of skin OBOL:automatic skin muscle organ OBOL:automatic A blood vessel that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:37243 MA:0000493 blood vessel of back uberon UBERON:0004258 back blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:37243 MA:th blood vessel of back OBOL:automatic A portion of connective tissue that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:37256 MA:0000495 uberon mesenchyne of back UBERON:0004267 back connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:37256 MA:th mesenchyne of back OBOL:automatic A muscle that is part of the eye region. AAO:0000156 EMAPA:35335 MA:0000271 OpenCyc:Mx8Ngx4rwKSh9pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvViTvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvYA8cJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA uberon UBERON:0004277 eye muscle MA A muscle that is part of the eye region. OBOL:automatic Anatomical cluster that consists of all the skeletal elements (eg., bone, cartilage, and teeth) of the body. Anatomical cluster that consists of all the skeletal elements (eg., bone, cartilage, and teeth) of the body.[VSAO] skeletal AEO:0000168 EHDAA2:0001843 EHDAA:5047 EMAPA:17213 FMA:23875 GAID:177 MA:0003006 MAT:0000032 MESH:D012863 MIAA:0000032 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi1rpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA VSAO:0000026 XAO:0004053 galen:Skeleton set of all bones set of bones of body uberon UBERON:0004288 skeleton https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-skeletal-system Anatomical cluster that consists of all the skeletal elements (eg., bone, cartilage, and teeth) of the body. VSAO:0000026 Anatomical cluster that consists of all the skeletal elements (eg., bone, cartilage, and teeth) of the body.[VSAO] 2012-08-14 VSAO:0000026 VSAO GO_REF:0000034, http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 The bilaminar epithelium formed from the myotome and dermatome. Epithelial sheet on the external surface of the somite that gives rise to trunk, muscle and dermis. Within the dermomyotome there is also a medio-lateral difference. The central region makes dermis, the mesenchymal connective tissue of the back skin. The medial region (closest to neural tube) makes epaxial muscle, and the lateral region (furthest from neural tube) makes hypaxial muscle[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=eurekah&part=A66768]. Epithelial sheet on the external surface of the somite that gives rise to trunk, muscle and dermis.[TAO] Portion of somites that gives rise to dermis and muscles.[AAO] all but the sclerotome of a mesodermal somite; the primordium of skeletal muscle and, perhaps, of the dermis. Thus, representatives of the agnathan vertebrates, chondrichthyans, and sarcopterygians all have a layer of undifferentiated cells external to the embryonic myotome. In the amniotes, this external cell layer is the dermomyotome. The simplest interpretation of the similar position, morphology, and lack of myosin labeling is that a dermomyotome epithelium is a shared, ancestral vertebrate characteristic.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0010572 AEO:0000214 EHDAA2:0003259 EMAPA:31109 FMA:295654 NCIT:C34140 TAO:0001513 UMLS:C1511786 VHOG:0000676 ZFA:0001513 uberon dermamyotome dermomyotomes UBERON:0004290 dermomyotome AEO AEO EHDAA2 ZFA The bilaminar epithelium formed from the myotome and dermatome. AEO:0000214 Epithelial sheet on the external surface of the somite that gives rise to trunk, muscle and dermis. Within the dermomyotome there is also a medio-lateral difference. The central region makes dermis, the mesenchymal connective tissue of the back skin. The medial region (closest to neural tube) makes epaxial muscle, and the lateral region (furthest from neural tube) makes hypaxial muscle[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=eurekah&part=A66768]. Epithelial sheet on the external surface of the somite that gives rise to trunk, muscle and dermis.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001513 TAO ZFIN:curator Portion of somites that gives rise to dermis and muscles.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010572 AAO AAO:EJS all but the sclerotome of a mesodermal somite; the primordium of skeletal muscle and, perhaps, of the dermis. Thus, representatives of the agnathan vertebrates, chondrichthyans, and sarcopterygians all have a layer of undifferentiated cells external to the embryonic myotome. In the amniotes, this external cell layer is the dermomyotome. The simplest interpretation of the similar position, morphology, and lack of myosin labeling is that a dermomyotome epithelium is a shared, ancestral vertebrate characteristic.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000676 VHOG DOI:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2006.05079.x Devoto SH, Stoiber W, Hammond CL, Steinbacher P, Haslett JR, Barresi MJF, Patterson SE, Adiarte EG and Hughes SM, Generality of vertebrate developmental patterns: evidence for a dermomyotome in fish. Evolution and Development (2006) UMLS:C1511786 ncithesaurus:Dermomyotome dermamyotome VHOG:0000676 dermomyotomes VHOG:0000676 A cone-like structure that is formed when myocardial progenitor cells of the heart field fuse at the midline. The heart rudiment is the first structure of the heart tube. The migrating myocardial precursors of the heart rudiment form a cone like structure between 19.5hpf and 22hpf, and eventually telescope out into the primitive heart tube at 24hpf. Stainier 2001.[TAO] TAO:0000115 ZFA:0000115 heart cone rudimentary heart uberon UBERON:0004291 heart rudiment A cone-like structure that is formed when myocardial progenitor cells of the heart field fuse at the midline. The heart rudiment is the first structure of the heart tube. GO:0003313 The migrating myocardial precursors of the heart rudiment form a cone like structure between 19.5hpf and 22hpf, and eventually telescope out into the primitive heart tube at 24hpf. Stainier 2001.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000115 TAO ZFIN:curator heart cone GO:0003313 rudimentary heart ZFA:0000115 A blood vessel smooth muscle that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:37573 MA:0001806 smooth muscle tissue of blood vessel of respiratory system uberon UBERON:0004297 respiratory system blood vessel smooth muscle A blood vessel smooth muscle that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:37573 MA:th smooth muscle tissue of blood vessel of respiratory system OBOL:automatic The embryonic structure that gives rise to the corneal ectoderm EHDAA:938 EMAPA:16322 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001308 VHOG:0001296 uberon UBERON:0004348 optic eminence The embryonic structure that gives rise to the corneal ectoderm MP:0006305 The first of the series of pharyngeal arches that develop into jaw bones or their homologs, and their associated nerves and arteries The first of the series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo.[AAO] the first arch which contributes to development of mastication muscles, maxilla, mandible, incus, malleus, Meckel's cartilage, trigeminal nerve, and maxillary artery A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG] 1 AAO:0010364 CALOHA:TS-2089 EHDAA2:0000006 EHDAA:573 EMAPA:16118 FMA:293019 MFMO:0000095 NCIT:C34175 TAO:0001595 UMLS:C1517197 VHOG:0000296 XAO:0000097 ZFA:0001612 1st pharyngeal arch branchial arch 1 first branchial arch first pharyngeal arch first visceral arch mandibular arch visceral arch 1 uberon 1st arch 1st visceral arch arcus pharyngeus primus UBERON:0004362 pharyngeal arch 1 The first of the series of pharyngeal arches that develop into jaw bones or their homologs, and their associated nerves and arteries The first of the series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010364 AAO XAO:EJS the first arch which contributes to development of mastication muscles, maxilla, mandible, incus, malleus, Meckel's cartilage, trigeminal nerve, and maxillary artery MP:0006337,MGI:smb A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000296 VHOG DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00472.x Graham A, Okabe M and Quinlan R, The role of the endoderm in the development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2005) UMLS:C1517197 ncithesaurus:First_Pharyngeal_Arch branchial arch 1 first branchial arch first visceral arch visceral arch 1 1st arch EHDAA2:0000006 1st visceral arch VHOG:0000296 arcus pharyngeus primus One of a series of paired embryological vascular structures formed within a pharyngeal arch; in the adult, some of these vessels give rise to the great vessels[MP] add specific artery derivatives Do not confuse with arch of aorta. Paired vessels arching from the ventral to the dorsal aorta through the pharyngeal arches. [TFD][VHOG] When vertebrates first appeared, they must have possessed a ventral and dorsal aorta with aortic arches between them.[well established][VHOG] Number varies - Lampreys have 8, hagfishes 15; only up to 6 appear in embryonic development in most gnathostome fishes and all tetrapods The third, fourth, and sixth arches, along with the seventh intersegmental arteries and the left dorsal aorta, are the primary contributors to the normal aortic arch and its major thoracic branches UBERON:0004342 AAO:0010414 EFO:0003695 EHDAA2:0000186 EHDAA:398 EHDAA:7327 EMAPA:16684 NCIT:C32123 TAO:0005004 UMLS:C0003489 VHOG:0000122 XAO:0000341 ZFA:0005004 PAA aortic arch aortic arches branchial aortic arches branchial arch artery embryonic aortic arch artery pharyngeal arch artery uberon a. arcuum pharyngeorum aortic arch artery arteriae arcuum pharyngeorum branchial aortic arches pharyngeal arch arteries pharyngeal arch artery UBERON:0004363 pharyngeal arch artery ZFA One of a series of paired embryological vascular structures formed within a pharyngeal arch; in the adult, some of these vessels give rise to the great vessels[MP] MP:0002672 Paired vessels arching from the ventral to the dorsal aorta through the pharyngeal arches. [TFD][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000122 VHOG When vertebrates first appeared, they must have possessed a ventral and dorsal aorta with aortic arches between them.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000122 VHOG ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.620 UMLS:C0003489 ncithesaurus:Aortic_Arch PAA MP:0002672 aortic arch ZFA:0005004 aortic arches ZFA:0005004 branchial aortic arches ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-080512-6 branchial arch artery EMAPA:16684 embryonic aortic arch artery EMAPA:16684 MP:0002672 pharyngeal arch artery MP:0002672 a. arcuum pharyngeorum aortic arch artery EMAPA:16684 arteriae arcuum pharyngeorum branchial aortic arches ZFA:0005004 ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-080512-6 pharyngeal arch arteries pharyngeal arch artery VHOG:0000122 A transparent homogeneous acellular layer, 6 to 9 um thick, lying between the basal lamina of the outer layer of stratified epithelium and the substantia propria of the cornea; it is considered to be a basement membrane. Acellular anatomical structure that is the zone of collagen fibers adjacent the basement membrane of the corneal epithelium.[TAO] Compared to terrestial animals, the cornea of zebrafish is relatively flat. It consists of nonpigmented, stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelial cells, attached to a thick basement membrane that is considered to be analogous to the Bowman's membrane in mammals FMA:58273 MA:0001240 NCIT:C32226 TAO:0002155 UMLS:C0229127 ZFA:0001684 Bowman's anterior elastic lamina Bowman's layer Bowman's membrane anterior elastic lamina anterior limiting lamina anterior limiting lamina of cornea lamina limitans anterior (cornea) lamina limitans anterior corneae uberon Reichert's membrane anterior limiting membrane UBERON:0004370 anterior limiting lamina of cornea A transparent homogeneous acellular layer, 6 to 9 um thick, lying between the basal lamina of the outer layer of stratified epithelium and the substantia propria of the cornea; it is considered to be a basement membrane. ncithesaurus:Bowman_s_Membrane Acellular anatomical structure that is the zone of collagen fibers adjacent the basement membrane of the corneal epithelium.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0002155 TAO ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-061010-3 UMLS:C0229127 ncithesaurus:Bowman_s_Membrane Bowman's anterior elastic lamina FMA:58273 Bowman's layer FMA:58273 Bowman's membrane FMA:58273 anterior elastic lamina ZFA:0001684 anterior limiting lamina MA:0001240 anterior limiting lamina of cornea FMA:58273 lamina limitans anterior (cornea) FMA:58273 lamina limitans anterior corneae FMA:58273 FMA:TA Reichert's membrane anterior limiting membrane ZFA:0001684 An embryo at the neurula stage. UBERON:0007013 BILA:0000061 BTO:0001766 NCIT:C34229 UMLS:C1518306 neurula uberon UBERON:0004455 neurula embryo An embryo at the neurula stage. UMLS:C1518306 ncithesaurus:Neurula neurula BTO:0001766 Sum of all sensory systems in an organism. note the distinct between entire sensory system and individual system. this reconciles is_a and part_of distinctions between ssAOs FMA:78499 sense organ system uberon UBERON:0004456 entire sense organ system Sum of all sensory systems in an organism. sense organ system FMA:78499 Any collection of skeletal muscles that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:18171 FMA:71287 head musculature muscle group of head muscles of head musculi capitis set of muscles of head uberon UBERON:0004461 This class is restricted to skeletal muscles that attach to the cranial skeleton. This seems to be consistent with FMA and EMAPA usage. Note that by definition this excludes invertebrate head musculature. It corresponds to the individual muscle organ term UBERON:0002376 skeletal musculature of head Any collection of skeletal muscles that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic head musculature FMA:71287 muscle group of head FMA:71287 muscles of head FMA:71287 musculi capitis FMA:71287 FMA:TA set of muscles of head FMA:71287 Any collection of muscles that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. BTO and FMA do not mean precisely the same thing here. BTO thorax muscle is a pectoral muscle or diaphragm BTO:0000508 EMAPA:37260 FMA:71293 muscle group of thorax muscles of thorax musculi thoracis set of muscles of thorax thoracic musculature uberon UBERON:0004464 musculature of thorax Any collection of muscles that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic BTO and FMA do not mean precisely the same thing here. BTO thorax muscle is a pectoral muscle or diaphragm BTO EMAPA:37260 MA:th muscle group of thorax FMA:71293 muscles of thorax FMA:71293 musculi thoracis FMA:71293 FMA:TA set of muscles of thorax FMA:71293 thoracic musculature FMA:71293 Any collection of muscles that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. AAO:0000091 EMAPA:36050 FMA:71290 MESH:D009334 cervical muscles muscle group of neck muscles of neck musculi cervicis musculi colli neck musculature set of muscles of neck uberon UBERON:0004465 musculature of neck Any collection of muscles that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic cervical muscles AAO:0000091 muscle group of neck FMA:71290 muscles of neck FMA:71290 musculi cervicis FMA:71290 FMA:TA musculi colli FMA:71290 FMA:TA neck musculature FMA:71290 set of muscles of neck FMA:71290 Any collection of muscles that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:71291 muscle group of back muscles of back musculi dorsi set of muscles of back uberon UBERON:0004469 musculature of back Any collection of muscles that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic muscle group of back FMA:71291 muscles of back FMA:71291 musculi dorsi FMA:71291 FMA:TA set of muscles of back FMA:71291 Any collection of muscles that is part of a face. originally created to reflect the distinction drawn in FMA between a facial muscle and the entire musculature of the face. However, naming both does not serve any particular purpose FMA:71288 entire facial musculature facial muscles muscle group of face musculi faciei uberon set of facial muscles set of muscles of face UBERON:0004473 musculature of face Any collection of muscles that is part of a face. OBOL:automatic entire facial musculature facial muscles FMA:71288 muscle group of face FMA:71288 musculi faciei FMA:71288 FMA:TA set of facial muscles FMA:71288 set of muscles of face FMA:71288 Any collection of muscles that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. currently defined by location rather than attachment AAO:0011572 EFO:0003531 FMA:50187 muscle group of trunk set of muscles of trunk uberon muscular system of trunk UBERON:0004479 musculature of trunk Any collection of muscles that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic muscle group of trunk FMA:50187 set of muscles of trunk FMA:50187 muscular system of trunk FMA:50187 A vasculature that is part of a muscle organ [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:87123 muscular organ vasculature uberon UBERON:0004521 vasculature of muscle organ A vasculature that is part of a muscle organ [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic muscular organ vasculature FMA:87123 A vasculature that is part of a musculoskeletal system [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:239607 uberon UBERON:0004522 vasculature of musculoskeletal system A vasculature that is part of a musculoskeletal system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic Anatomical system that has as its parts the heart and blood vessels. we treat cardiovascular as part of circulatory system, with the latter including other kinds of circulation, including lymph. The vessels of the cardiovascular system are as varied as the diverse organs they supply. However, these variations are based on modifications of a fundamental plan of organization common to vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011001 BILA:0000016 BTO:0000088 CALOHA:TS-1297 EFO:0000791 EHDAA2:0000216 EHDAA:394 EMAPA:16104 EMAPA:16370 EV:0100017 FMA:7161 GAID:467 MA:0000010 MAT:0000016 MESH:D002319 MIAA:0000016 NCIT:C12686 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjzG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000010 UMLS:C0007226 VHOG:0000302 WikipediaCategory:Cardiovascular_system XAO:0000100 XAO:0001010 ZFA:0000010 uberon CV system Herz und Gefaesssystem UBERON:0004535 cardiovascular system Anatomical system that has as its parts the heart and blood vessels. BTO:0000088 The vessels of the cardiovascular system are as varied as the diverse organs they supply. However, these variations are based on modifications of a fundamental plan of organization common to vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000302 VHOG ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.451 UMLS:C0007226 ncithesaurus:Cardiovascular_System CV system BTO:0000088 Herz und Gefaesssystem BTO:0000088 A vascular network consisting of blood vessels. TAO:0001079 ZFA:0001079 blood vascular network set of blood vessels uberon blood system blood vessel system blood vessels UBERON:0004537 blood vasculature A vascular network consisting of blood vessels. blood vessels TAO:0001079 An eye that is part of a left side of organism [Automatically generated definition]. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern EMAPA:37362 FMA:12515 MA:0002949 NCIT:C119334 left eyeball left orbital part of face left orbital region uberon UBERON:0004548 left eye An eye that is part of a left side of organism [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:37362 MA:th left eyeball FMA:12515 left orbital part of face FMA:54450 left orbital region FMA:54450 An eye that is part of a right side of organism [Automatically generated definition]. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern EMAPA:37363 FMA:12514 MA:0002950 NCIT:C119333 right eyeball right orbital part of face right orbital region uberon UBERON:0004549 right eye An eye that is part of a right side of organism [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:37363 MA:th right eyeball FMA:12514 right orbital part of face FMA:54449 right orbital region FMA:54449 The part of the arterial system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. FMA:45623 systemic arterial circulatory system uberon UBERON:0004571 systemic arterial system MA-inferred The part of the arterial system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. systemic arterial circulatory system FMA:45623 The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all arteries. The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] BTO:0004690 EHDAA2:0000143 EHDAA:396 EMAPA:16201 EMAPA:16371 MA:0002719 VHOG:0000273 uberon UBERON:0004572 arterial system MA The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all arteries. The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000273 VHOG DOI:10.1196/annals.1341.002 Bishopric NH, Evolution of the heart from bacteria to man. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (2005) An artery of the systemic circulation, which is the part of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart, to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. EMAPA:37126 FMA:66464 systemic arterial subtree uberon UBERON:0004573 systemic artery An artery of the systemic circulation, which is the part of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart, to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. EMAPA:37126 MA:th systemic arterial subtree FMA:66464 The part of the venous system that drains the general body tissues[Kardong] In human anatomy, the systemic venous system refers to veins that drain into the right atrium without passing through two vascular beds (i.e. they originate from a set of capillaries and do not pass through a second set of capillaries before reaching the right side of the heart). The term systemic venous system is often used to differentiate veins from veins that drain the pulmonary system (the pulmonary venous system) and veins that drain the digestive tract (the portal venous system). Large veins that are considered part of the systemic venous system are the: Superior vena cava; Inferior vena cava[WP] Subdivision of cardiovascular system which has as its parts the right side of heart, the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava[FMA] The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] FMA:45626 systemic venous circulatory system uberon UBERON:0004581 systemic venous system The part of the venous system that drains the general body tissues[Kardong] ISBN:0073040584 In human anatomy, the systemic venous system refers to veins that drain into the right atrium without passing through two vascular beds (i.e. they originate from a set of capillaries and do not pass through a second set of capillaries before reaching the right side of the heart). The term systemic venous system is often used to differentiate veins from veins that drain the pulmonary system (the pulmonary venous system) and veins that drain the digestive tract (the portal venous system). Large veins that are considered part of the systemic venous system are the: Superior vena cava; Inferior vena cava[WP] Subdivision of cardiovascular system which has as its parts the right side of heart, the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava[FMA] FMA FMA:45626 The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000277 VHOG DOI:10.1196/annals.1341.002 Bishopric NH, Evolution of the heart from bacteria to man. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (2005) systemic venous circulatory system FMA:45626 The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all venous vessels. In vertebrates with a double circulation, this can be divided into systemic and pulmonary portions. The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] BTO:0004692 EHDAA2:0002171 EHDAA:486 EMAPA:16240 MA:0002720 NCIT:C33858 UMLS:C1267406 VHOG:0000277 vein system uberon UBERON:0004582 venous system MA The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all venous vessels. In vertebrates with a double circulation, this can be divided into systemic and pulmonary portions. The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000277 VHOG DOI:10.1196/annals.1341.002 Bishopric NH, Evolution of the heart from bacteria to man. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (2005) UMLS:C1267406 ncithesaurus:Venous_System An endothelium that lines the blood vasculature. Other endothelia may line lymph vessels, the heart BTO:0000766 CALOHA:TS-2155 EMAPA:35176 MA:0000709 NCIT:C53395 TAO:0005257 UMLS:C1706972 ZFA:0005257 uberon UBERON:0004638 blood vessel endothelium An endothelium that lines the blood vasculature. Other endothelia may line lymph vessels, the heart UMLS:C1706972 ncithesaurus:Blood_Vessel_Endothelium The costocervical trunk arises from the upper and back part of the subclavian artery, behind the scalenus anterior on the right side, and medial to that muscle on the left side. Passing backward, it splits into the deep cervical artery and the supreme intercostal artery (or the Highest intercostal artery), which descends behind the pleura in front of the necks of the first and second ribs, and anastomoses with the first aortic intercostal (3rd posterior intercostal artery). As it crosses the neck of the first rib it lies medial to the anterior division of the first thoracic nerve, and lateral to the first thoracic ganglion of the sympathetic trunk. In the first intercostal space, it gives off a branch which is distributed in a manner similar to the distribution of the aortic intercostals. The branch for the second intercostal space usually joins with one from the highest aortic intercostal artery. This branch is not constant, but is more commonly found on the right side; when absent, its place is supplied by an intercostal branch from the aorta. Each intercostal gives off a posterior branch which goes to the posterior vertebral muscles, and sends a small spinal branch through the corresponding intervertebral foramen to the medulla spinalis and its membranes. [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:37496 FMA:10636 MA:0001939 costocervical trunk trunk of costocervical artery uberon truncus costocervicalis UBERON:0004688 costo-cervical trunk The costocervical trunk arises from the upper and back part of the subclavian artery, behind the scalenus anterior on the right side, and medial to that muscle on the left side. Passing backward, it splits into the deep cervical artery and the supreme intercostal artery (or the Highest intercostal artery), which descends behind the pleura in front of the necks of the first and second ribs, and anastomoses with the first aortic intercostal (3rd posterior intercostal artery). As it crosses the neck of the first rib it lies medial to the anterior division of the first thoracic nerve, and lateral to the first thoracic ganglion of the sympathetic trunk. In the first intercostal space, it gives off a branch which is distributed in a manner similar to the distribution of the aortic intercostals. The branch for the second intercostal space usually joins with one from the highest aortic intercostal artery. This branch is not constant, but is more commonly found on the right side; when absent, its place is supplied by an intercostal branch from the aorta. Each intercostal gives off a posterior branch which goes to the posterior vertebral muscles, and sends a small spinal branch through the corresponding intervertebral foramen to the medulla spinalis and its membranes. [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:37496 MA:th costocervical trunk FMA:10636 trunk of costocervical artery FMA:10636 truncus costocervicalis A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an arterial system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:36503 MA:0000704 uberon UBERON:0004695 arterial system smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an arterial system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a venous system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:36613 MA:0000715 uberon UBERON:0004696 venous system smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a venous system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic An endothelium that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition]. It is assumed that during evolution, a circulatory system composed of the heart and endothelial tubular system first formed in vertebrates, medial smooth muscle then appeared for regulation of the system, and innervation of the muscle tissue took place. This sequence of development assumed for phylogenesis is actually realized in the ontogenetic processes.[well established][VHOG] MA:0000490 VHOG:0001524 uberon UBERON:0004699 outflow tract endothelium An endothelium that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic It is assumed that during evolution, a circulatory system composed of the heart and endothelial tubular system first formed in vertebrates, medial smooth muscle then appeared for regulation of the system, and innervation of the muscle tissue took place. This sequence of development assumed for phylogenesis is actually realized in the ontogenetic processes.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001524 VHOG DOI:10.1254/jjp.87.253 Shigei T, Tsuru H, Ishikawa N, Yoshioka K, Absence of endothelium in invertebrate blood vessels: significance of endothelium and sympathetic nerve/medial smooth muscle in the vertebrate vascular system. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology (2001) An endothelium that is part of an arterial system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35145 MA:0000703 NCIT:C49329 UMLS:C1706849 uberon UBERON:0004700 arterial system endothelium An endothelium that is part of an arterial system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic UMLS:C1706849 ncithesaurus:Arterial_System_Endothelium An endothelium that is part of a venous system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35907 MA:0000714 NCIT:C49320 UMLS:C1710626 uberon UBERON:0004701 venous system endothelium An endothelium that is part of a venous system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic UMLS:C1710626 ncithesaurus:Venous_System_Endothelium A blood vessel endothelium that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35732 MA:0001805 uberon UBERON:0004702 respiratory system blood vessel endothelium A blood vessel endothelium that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic The jugular veins are veins that bring deoxygenated blood from the head back to the heart via the superior vena cava. BTO:0001744 CALOHA:TS-0497 EMAPA:18638 GAID:536 MA:0002154 MESH:D007601 NCIT:C12738 UMLS:C0022427 uberon jugular vena jugularis UBERON:0004711 jugular vein The jugular veins are veins that bring deoxygenated blood from the head back to the heart via the superior vena cava. UMLS:C0022427 ncithesaurus:Jugular_Vein vena jugularis BTO:0001744 The embryo and its adnexa (appendages or adjunct parts) or associated membranes (i.e. the products of conception) The conceptus includes all structures that develop from the zygote, both embryonic and extraembryonic. It includes the embryo as well as the embryonic part of the placenta and its associated membranes - amnion, chorion (gestational sac), and yolk sac[WP]. EHDAA2 places this as a subtype of organism. This leads to the inference that a conceptus is an embryo (if an embryo is defined as an organism at embryo stage), which eliminates the embryonic + extra-embryonic = conceptus AEO:0000194 BTO:0003834 EHDAA2:0000001 EHDAA2:0003235 EMAPA:36040 NCIT:C34131 UMLS:C1516779 embryo plus adnexa uberon UBERON:0004716 conceptus The embryo and its adnexa (appendages or adjunct parts) or associated membranes (i.e. the products of conception) The conceptus includes all structures that develop from the zygote, both embryonic and extraembryonic. It includes the embryo as well as the embryonic part of the placenta and its associated membranes - amnion, chorion (gestational sac), and yolk sac[WP]. BTO:0003834 UMLS:C1516779 ncithesaurus:Conceptus A transverse unitary subdivision of the neural tube that shares a common dorsoventral structure (floor, basal, alar, and roof plates), but each having differential molecular identities and fates; they comprise the secondary prosencephalon, diencephalon (prosomeres), the midbrain (mesomeres), and the hindbrain (rhombomeres). We take the definition of neuromere from Puelles et al, although the existence of mesomeres and prosomeres may not be widely accepted A metameric segment of the central nervous system.[ZFA] Melissa Haendel 2009-06-18T09:00:04Z NLX:147842 TAO:0001328 ZFA:0001328 neural tube metameric segment neural tube segment neuromere neuromeres uberon neural metamere neural segment UBERON:0004731 neuromere A transverse unitary subdivision of the neural tube that shares a common dorsoventral structure (floor, basal, alar, and roof plates), but each having differential molecular identities and fates; they comprise the secondary prosencephalon, diencephalon (prosomeres), the midbrain (mesomeres), and the hindbrain (rhombomeres). A metameric segment of the central nervous system.[ZFA] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001328 TAO ZFIN:curator neural tube metameric segment neuromeres TAO:0001328 Any segmental subdivision of a nervous system. Includes metameric developmental segments, such as vertebrates neuromeres. revisit this after CARO is revised and/or we have defined metameric segment; note that with the additional of an A/P axis constraint this corresponds to what Richter at al call a neuromere (PMID:21062451) FBbt:00005140 uberon neuromere UBERON:0004732 segmental subdivision of nervous system Any segmental subdivision of a nervous system. Includes metameric developmental segments, such as vertebrates neuromeres. FBbt:00005140 neuromere FBbt:00005140 An organ subunit that is part of a hindbrain [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:61998 hindbrain segment segment of hindbrain uberon UBERON:0004733 segmental subdivision of hindbrain An organ subunit that is part of a hindbrain [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic hindbrain segment FMA:61998 segment of hindbrain FMA:61998 Organism at the gastrula stage. We explicitly merge the NCITA terms here UBERON:0007012 BILA:0000060 BTO:0001403 FBbt:00005317 FMA:293108 GAID:1302 MESH:A16.254.412 MIAA:0000179 NCIT:C34057 NCIT:C34058 UMLS:C0017199 UMLS:C1284022 gastrula embryo uberon blastocystis trilaminaris tri-laminar disc tri-laminar disk trilaminar blastocyst trilaminar blastoderm trilaminar disc trilaminar disk trilaminar germ UBERON:0004734 gastrula Organism at the gastrula stage. We explicitly merge the NCITA terms here NCIT UMLS:C0017199 ncithesaurus:Gastrula UMLS:C1284022 ncithesaurus:Trilaminar_Embryonic_Disc gastrula embryo BILA:0000060 blastocystis trilaminaris tri-laminar disc tri-laminar disk trilaminar blastocyst trilaminar blastoderm trilaminar disc trilaminar disk trilaminar germ Organ consisting of skeletal tissue. Encompasses whole bones, fused bones, cartilaginious elements, teeth, dermal denticles. Organ entity that is typically involved in mechanical support and may have different skeletal tissue compositions at different stages.[VSAO] Organ entity that may have different tissue compositions at different stages and is typically involved in mechanical support.[TAO] AAO:0011129 TAO:0001890 VSAO:0000128 XAO:0004012 ZFA:0005494 galen:SkeletalStructure uberon UBERON:0004765 skeletal element VSAO Organ consisting of skeletal tissue. Encompasses whole bones, fused bones, cartilaginious elements, teeth, dermal denticles. Organ entity that is typically involved in mechanical support and may have different skeletal tissue compositions at different stages.[VSAO] 2012-08-14 VSAO:0000128 VSAO PSPUB:0000170 Organ entity that may have different tissue compositions at different stages and is typically involved in mechanical support.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001890 TAO TAO:VSAO_workshop Anatomical system that consists of all the joints of the body. EMAPA:35150 FMA:23878 MA:0003007 VSAO:0000181 joint system set of all joints of body uberon set of all joints set of joints of body UBERON:0004770 articular system FMA Anatomical system that consists of all the joints of the body. VSAO:0000181 joint system FMA:23878 set of all joints of body FMA:23878 set of joints of body FMA:23878 A submucosa that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:37578 MA:0001822 apparatus respiratorius submucosa submucosa of apparatus respiratorius submucosa of respiratory system uberon UBERON:0004777 respiratory system submucosa A submucosa that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:37578 MA:th apparatus respiratorius submucosa OBOL:automatic submucosa of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic submucosa of respiratory system OBOL:automatic the mucous membrane lining the respiratory tract TODO - split respiratory tract mucosa from respiratory system mucosa BTO:0000973 EMAPA:18334 EMAPA:37577 FMA:302092 GAID:304 MA:0001827 MESH:D020545 apparatus respiratorius mucosa apparatus respiratorius mucosa of organ apparatus respiratorius mucous membrane mucosa of apparatus respiratorius mucosa of organ of apparatus respiratorius mucosa of organ of respiratory system mucosa of respiratory system mucous membrane of apparatus respiratorius mucous membrane of respiratory system respiratory system mucosa of organ respiratory system mucous membrane uberon laryngeal mucous membrane respiratory mucosa respiratory tract mucosa UBERON:0004785 respiratory system mucosa the mucous membrane lining the respiratory tract MESH:A04.760 MGI:cwg MP:0002277 EMAPA:37577 MA:th apparatus respiratorius mucosa OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius mucous membrane OBOL:automatic mucosa of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of respiratory system OBOL:automatic mucosa of respiratory system OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of respiratory system OBOL:automatic respiratory system mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic respiratory system mucous membrane OBOL:automatic laryngeal mucous membrane EMAPA:18334 respiratory mucosa BTO:0000973 Any of the tissue layers that comprise a blood vessel. Examples: tunica media, tunica adventitia. EMAPA:36296 MA:0002854 uberon UBERON:0004797 blood vessel layer Any of the tissue layers that comprise a blood vessel. Examples: tunica media, tunica adventitia. the pseudostratified ciliated epithelium that lines much of the conducting portion of the airway, including part of the nasal cavity and larynx, the trachea, and bronchi BTO:0000419 CALOHA:TS-0023 EMAPA:32827 MA:0001480 VHOG:0000981 epithelial tissue of respiratory tract epithelium of respiratory tract respiratory tract epithelial tissue uberon airway epithelium respiratory epithelium UBERON:0004802 respiratory tract epithelium the pseudostratified ciliated epithelium that lines much of the conducting portion of the airway, including part of the nasal cavity and larynx, the trachea, and bronchi ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MGI:anna MP:0010942 epithelial tissue of respiratory tract OBOL:automatic epithelium of respiratory tract OBOL:automatic respiratory tract epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic airway epithelium BTO:0000419 respiratory epithelium BTO:0000419 An epithelium that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. CALOHA:TS-0023 EMAPA:32826 MA:0001823 VHOG:0000981 apparatus respiratorius epithelial tissue apparatus respiratorius epithelium epithelial tissue of apparatus respiratorius epithelial tissue of respiratory system epithelium of apparatus respiratorius epithelium of respiratory system respiratory system epithelial tissue uberon UBERON:0004807 respiratory system epithelium An epithelium that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius epithelium OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic epithelial tissue of respiratory system OBOL:automatic epithelium of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic epithelium of respiratory system OBOL:automatic respiratory system epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:37549 MA:0001481 epithelial tissue of lower respiratory tract epithelium of lower respiratory tract lower respiratory tract epithelial tissue uberon UBERON:0004815 lower respiratory tract epithelium An epithelium that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:37549 MA:th epithelial tissue of lower respiratory tract OBOL:automatic epithelium of lower respiratory tract OBOL:automatic lower respiratory tract epithelial tissue OBOL:automatic An endothelium of artery that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:37566 MA:0001801 apparatus respiratorius arterial endothelium apparatus respiratorius artery endothelium apparatus respiratorius endothelium of artery arterial endothelium of apparatus respiratorius arterial endothelium of respiratory system artery endothelium of apparatus respiratorius artery endothelium of respiratory system endothelium of artery of apparatus respiratorius endothelium of artery of respiratory system respiratory system artery endothelium respiratory system endothelium of artery uberon UBERON:0004848 respiratory system arterial endothelium true An endothelium of artery that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:37566 MA:th apparatus respiratorius arterial endothelium OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius artery endothelium OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius endothelium of artery OBOL:automatic arterial endothelium of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic arterial endothelium of respiratory system OBOL:automatic artery endothelium of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic artery endothelium of respiratory system OBOL:automatic endothelium of artery of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic endothelium of artery of respiratory system OBOL:automatic respiratory system artery endothelium OBOL:automatic respiratory system endothelium of artery OBOL:automatic An endothelium of vein that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:37585 MA:0001811 apparatus respiratorius endothelium of vein apparatus respiratorius vein endothelium apparatus respiratorius venous endothelium endothelium of vein of apparatus respiratorius endothelium of vein of respiratory system respiratory system endothelium of vein respiratory system vein endothelium vein endothelium of apparatus respiratorius vein endothelium of respiratory system venous endothelium of apparatus respiratorius venous endothelium of respiratory system uberon UBERON:0004849 respiratory system venous endothelium An endothelium of vein that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:37585 MA:th apparatus respiratorius endothelium of vein OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius vein endothelium OBOL:automatic apparatus respiratorius venous endothelium OBOL:automatic endothelium of vein of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic endothelium of vein of respiratory system OBOL:automatic respiratory system endothelium of vein OBOL:automatic respiratory system vein endothelium OBOL:automatic vein endothelium of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic vein endothelium of respiratory system OBOL:automatic venous endothelium of apparatus respiratorius OBOL:automatic venous endothelium of respiratory system OBOL:automatic An endothelium that is part of the cardiovascular system. consider merging with 'endothelium' Vertebrates and a very few invertebrates such as squids have evolved a secondary epithelium, the endothelium, that lines their blood vessels.[well established][VHOG] BTO:0001853 EMAPA:35201 GAID:519 MA:0000717 MESH:D004730 NCIT:C13053 TAO:0002171 UMLS:C0014261 VHOG:0001217 XAO:0000356 ZFA:0001639 uberon endothelia vascular endothelia UBERON:0004852 cardiovascular system endothelium An endothelium that is part of the cardiovascular system. Vertebrates and a very few invertebrates such as squids have evolved a secondary epithelium, the endothelium, that lines their blood vessels.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001217 VHOG ISBN:978-0030259821 Ruppert EE, Fox RS, Barnes RD, Invertebrate zoology: a functional evolutionary approach (2003) p.207 UMLS:C0014261 ncithesaurus:Vascular_Endothelium endothelia ZFA:0001639 vascular endothelia XAO:0000356 A gland that is part of a eye. The eye is a compound unit which depending on the species may consist of an eyeballs plus associated ducts and integumentary structures. Eye glands therefore include the various types of lacrimal gland, the various types of apocrine and sebaceous glands associated with the eyelid. EMAPA:35334 MA:0000267 eye-associated gland gland of eye uberon UBERON:0004859 Examples: harderian gland, accessory lacrimal gland, gland of Moll, gland of Zeis, nictitating membrane glands eye gland A gland that is part of a eye. The eye is a compound unit which depending on the species may consist of an eyeballs plus associated ducts and integumentary structures. Eye glands therefore include the various types of lacrimal gland, the various types of apocrine and sebaceous glands associated with the eyelid. eye-associated gland gland of eye OBOL:automatic A vasculature that is part of a retina [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:76552 MESH:D012171 XAO:0004153 retina vasculature retina vasculature of camera-type eye retinal blood vessels retinal blood vessels set retinal vasculature set of blood vessels of retina set of retinal blood vessels vasa sanguinea retinae uberon UBERON:0004864 vasculature of retina A vasculature that is part of a retina [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic retina vasculature GO:0061298 retina vasculature of camera-type eye GO:0061298 retinal blood vessels FMA:76552 retinal blood vessels set FMA:76552 retinal vasculature OBOL:automatic set of blood vessels of retina OBOL:automatic set of retinal blood vessels FMA:76552 vasa sanguinea retinae FMA:76552 FMA:TA Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the circulatory system and future gut wall - overlies endoderm[WP]. We group the BILA class here. Considering adding more general class for metazoa grouping cardiogenic successors visceral mesoderm AAO:0011102 BILA:0000044 FMA:295568 XAO:0000276 inner layer of lateral plate mesoderm uberon splanchnic mesoderm UBERON:0004872 splanchnic layer of lateral plate mesoderm Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the circulatory system and future gut wall - overlies endoderm[WP]. We group the BILA class here. Considering adding more general class for metazoa grouping cardiogenic successors BILA visceral mesoderm BILA:0000044 splanchnic mesoderm ISBN:9780878932504 A structure created during embryogenesis when the lateral mesoderm splits into two layers - the inner (or splanchnic) layer adheres to the endoderm, and with it forms the splanchnopleure[WP]. TODO - check relationship to LPM EHDAA2:0001903 EHDAA:383 EMAPA:16181 FMA:295564 NCIT:C34303 UMLS:C1519472 VHOG:0000558 uberon ventral splanchnic mesoderm UBERON:0004873 splanchnopleure EHDAA2 A structure created during embryogenesis when the lateral mesoderm splits into two layers - the inner (or splanchnic) layer adheres to the endoderm, and with it forms the splanchnopleure[WP]. UMLS:C1519472 ncithesaurus:Splanchnopleure ventral splanchnic mesoderm The central region of trunk mesoderm. This tissue forms the notochord Notochord rudiment[ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576]. WP treats this as synonym of axial mesoderm. Induces neural tube. Gilbert: contains an anterior head process and the notochord. AAO:0000478 EFO:0003426 TAO:0000091 ZFA:0000091 axial chorda mesoderm chorda mesoderm dorsal mesoderm presumptive notochord uberon UBERON:0004880 chordamesoderm The central region of trunk mesoderm. This tissue forms the notochord Notochord rudiment[ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576]. ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576 axial chorda mesoderm ZFA:0000091 dorsal mesoderm presumptive notochord ZFA:0000091 The mass of tissue made up of mesenchymal cells in the lung. EMAPA:32866 lung-associated mesenchyme mesenchyme of lung pulmonary mesenchyme uberon UBERON:0004883 lung mesenchyme The mass of tissue made up of mesenchymal cells in the lung. GO:0060484 lung-associated mesenchyme GO:0060484 mesenchyme of lung OBOL:automatic pulmonary mesenchyme GO:0060484 Anatomical cluster that connects two or more adjacent skeletal elements or hardened body parts. FBbt:00005811 joint uberon UBERON:0004905 articulation Anatomical cluster that connects two or more adjacent skeletal elements or hardened body parts. A portion of the gut that is derived from ectoderm. ectodermal gut gut ectoderm uberon UBERON:0004906 ectodermal part of digestive tract A portion of the gut that is derived from ectoderm. GO:0007439 gut ectoderm EMAPA:32930 A proximal-distal subdivision of the digestive tract. intended to denote both embryonic and adult structures. Note the FMA grouping here is not quite correct. FBbt:00100315 FMA:71131 uberon alimentary system subdivision intestinal tract segment of intestinal tract subdivision of alimentary system UBERON:0004921 subdivision of digestive tract A proximal-distal subdivision of the digestive tract. alimentary system subdivision FMA:71131 subdivision of alimentary system FMA:71131 A part of a wall of an organ that forms a layer. FMA:82485 uberon UBERON:0004923 organ component layer A part of a wall of an organ that forms a layer. The tissue underlying the tunica mucosa of the pharynx. BTO:0002113 FMA:75144 pharyngeal submucosa pharynx submucosa tela submucosa pharyngea tela submucosa pharyngis uberon pharyngobasilar fascia submucous coat of pharynx submucous layer of pharynx UBERON:0004924 submucosa of pharynx The tissue underlying the tunica mucosa of the pharynx. BTO:0002113 pharyngeal submucosa FMA:75144 pharynx submucosa OBOL:automatic tela submucosa pharyngea FMA:75144 FMA:TA tela submucosa pharyngis BTO:0002113 submucous coat of pharynx BTO:0002113 submucous layer of pharynx BTO:0002113 A mucosa that is part of a lower lip [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:59833 NCIT:C12225 UMLS:C0226939 lower labial mucosa lower lip mucosa lower lip mucosa of organ lower lip mucous membrane lower lip organ mucosa mucosa of organ of lower lip mucous membrane of lower lip organ mucosa of lower lip uberon UBERON:0005032 mucosa of lower lip A mucosa that is part of a lower lip [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic UMLS:C0226939 ncithesaurus:Mucosa_of_the_Lower_Lip lower labial mucosa UBERON:cjm lower lip mucosa OBOL:automatic lower lip mucosa of organ OBOL:automatic lower lip mucous membrane OBOL:automatic lower lip organ mucosa OBOL:automatic mucosa of organ of lower lip OBOL:automatic mucous membrane of lower lip OBOL:automatic organ mucosa of lower lip OBOL:automatic A gland that is part of a hemolymphoid system [Automatically generated definition]. hemopoietic or lymphoid organ EMAPA:18766 MA:0002962 hemopoietic or lymphoid gland uberon haemolymphoid system gland UBERON:0005058 hemolymphoid system gland A gland that is part of a hemolymphoid system [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic hemopoietic or lymphoid organ GO:0048534 hemopoietic or lymphoid gland haemolymphoid system gland EMAPA:18766 The median dorsal longitudinal groove formed in the embryo by the neural plate after the appearance of the neural folds. The neural groove is a shallow median groove between the neural folds of an embryo. The neural folds are two longitudinal ridges that are caused by a folding up of the ectoderm in front of the primitive streak of the developing embryo. The groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a closed tube, the neural tube or canal, the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system. After the coalescence of the neural folds over the anterior end of the primitive streak, the blastopore no longer opens on the surface but into the closed canal of the neural tube, and thus a transitory communication, the neurenteric canal, is established between the neural tube and the primitive digestive tube. The coalescence of the neural folds occurs first in the region of the hind-brain, and from there extends forward and backward; toward the end of the third week the front opening (anterior neuropore) of the tube finally closes at the anterior end of the future brain, and forms a recess which is in contact, for a time, with the overlying ectoderm; the hinder part of the neural groove presents for a time a rhomboidal shape, and to this expanded portion the term sinus rhomboidalis has been applied. Before the neural groove is closed a ridge of ectodermal cells appears along the prominent margin of each neural fold; this is termed the neural crest or ganglion ridge, and from it the spinal and cranial nerve ganglia and the ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system are developed. By the upward growth of the mesoderm the neural tube is ultimately separated from the overlying ectoderm. The cephalic end of the neural groove exhibits several dilatations, which, when the tube is closed, assume the form of three vesicles; these constitute the three primary cerebral vesicles, and correspond respectively to the future fore-brain (prosencephalon), mid-brain (mesencephalon), and hind-brain (rhombencephalon). The walls of the vesicles are developed into the nervous tissue and neuroglia of the brain, and their cavities are modified to form its ventricles. The remainder of the tube forms the medulla spinalis or spinal cord; from its ectodermal wall the nervous and neuroglial elements of the medulla spinalis are developed while the cavity persists as the central canal[Wikipedia:Neural_groove]. AAO:0011071 EMAPA:35594 FMA:295624 NCIT:C34224 UMLS:C0814992 XAO:0000248 uberon UBERON:0005061 neural groove The median dorsal longitudinal groove formed in the embryo by the neural plate after the appearance of the neural folds. GO:0001842 The neural groove is a shallow median groove between the neural folds of an embryo. The neural folds are two longitudinal ridges that are caused by a folding up of the ectoderm in front of the primitive streak of the developing embryo. The groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a closed tube, the neural tube or canal, the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system. After the coalescence of the neural folds over the anterior end of the primitive streak, the blastopore no longer opens on the surface but into the closed canal of the neural tube, and thus a transitory communication, the neurenteric canal, is established between the neural tube and the primitive digestive tube. The coalescence of the neural folds occurs first in the region of the hind-brain, and from there extends forward and backward; toward the end of the third week the front opening (anterior neuropore) of the tube finally closes at the anterior end of the future brain, and forms a recess which is in contact, for a time, with the overlying ectoderm; the hinder part of the neural groove presents for a time a rhomboidal shape, and to this expanded portion the term sinus rhomboidalis has been applied. Before the neural groove is closed a ridge of ectodermal cells appears along the prominent margin of each neural fold; this is termed the neural crest or ganglion ridge, and from it the spinal and cranial nerve ganglia and the ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system are developed. By the upward growth of the mesoderm the neural tube is ultimately separated from the overlying ectoderm. The cephalic end of the neural groove exhibits several dilatations, which, when the tube is closed, assume the form of three vesicles; these constitute the three primary cerebral vesicles, and correspond respectively to the future fore-brain (prosencephalon), mid-brain (mesencephalon), and hind-brain (rhombencephalon). The walls of the vesicles are developed into the nervous tissue and neuroglia of the brain, and their cavities are modified to form its ventricles. The remainder of the tube forms the medulla spinalis or spinal cord; from its ectodermal wall the nervous and neuroglial elements of the medulla spinalis are developed while the cavity persists as the central canal[Wikipedia:Neural_groove]. UMLS:C0814992 ncithesaurus:Neural_Groove One of the two elevated edges of the neural groove[GO,MP]. In front of the primitive streak two longitudinal ridges, caused by a folding up of the ectoderm, make their appearance, one on either side of the middle line. These are named the neural folds; they commence some little distance behind the anterior end of the embryonic disk, where they are continuous with each other, and from there gradually extend backward, one on either side of the anterior end of the primitive streak. Also, after differentiation it turns into the neural tubes[Wikipedia:Neural_fold]. EHDAA2:0001249 FMA:295618 NCIT:C34223 UMLS:C0814993 XAO:0004087 medullary fold uberon UBERON:0005062 neural fold One of the two elevated edges of the neural groove[GO,MP]. GO:0001842 MP:0011256 In front of the primitive streak two longitudinal ridges, caused by a folding up of the ectoderm, make their appearance, one on either side of the middle line. These are named the neural folds; they commence some little distance behind the anterior end of the embryonic disk, where they are continuous with each other, and from there gradually extend backward, one on either side of the anterior end of the primitive streak. Also, after differentiation it turns into the neural tubes[Wikipedia:Neural_fold]. UMLS:C0814993 ncithesaurus:Neural_Fold medullary fold MP:0011256 A solid rod of neurectoderm derived from the neural keel. The neural rod is roughly circular in cross section. Neural rod formation occurs during primary neurulation in teleosts[GO]. An intermediate stage in the development of the central nervous system present during the segmentation period; the neural rod is roughly cylindrical in shape, forms from the neural keel, and is not yet hollowed out into the neural tube[ZFIN]. An intermediate stage in the development of the central nervous system present during the segmentation period; the neural rod is roughly cylindrical in shape, forms from the neural keel, and is not yet hollowed out into the neural tube. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] EFO:0003498 TAO:0000133 ZFA:0000133 uberon neural tube rod UBERON:0005068 neural rod A solid rod of neurectoderm derived from the neural keel. The neural rod is roughly circular in cross section. Neural rod formation occurs during primary neurulation in teleosts[GO]. An intermediate stage in the development of the central nervous system present during the segmentation period; the neural rod is roughly cylindrical in shape, forms from the neural keel, and is not yet hollowed out into the neural tube[ZFIN]. GO:0014024 ZFA:0000133 An intermediate stage in the development of the central nervous system present during the segmentation period; the neural rod is roughly cylindrical in shape, forms from the neural keel, and is not yet hollowed out into the neural tube. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000133 TAO ZFIN:curator neural tube rod GO:0014027 An anatomical boundary that adjacent_to a hindbrain and adjacent_to a spinal cord. hindbrain-spinal cord boundary region uberon UBERON:0005076 hindbrain-spinal cord boundary An anatomical boundary that adjacent_to a hindbrain and adjacent_to a spinal cord. OBOL:automatic A hole in a tube[GO]. AEO:0000078 EHDAA2:0004618 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003078 uberon UBERON:0005082 tube lumen A hole in a tube[GO]. GO:0060609 An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm[GO] consder adding placodal ectoderm as a distinct class? Also place placodal ectoderm as develops_from ectoderm; need to check taxon-appropriateness With the exception of the adenohypophysis, homologues of the nonneurogenic placodes (e.g. placodes giving rise to the teeth, hair follicles and lens), appear to be lacking in invertebrate chordates. in GO, covers optic, otic, olfactory, mammary, hair, tooth, sebaceous - and also insect structures AEO:0000218 uberon epithelial placode UBERON:0005085 ectodermal placode An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm[GO] GO:0060788 in GO, covers optic, otic, olfactory, mammary, hair, tooth, sebaceous - and also insect structures GO epithelial placode AEO:0000112 Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms[GO]. in some organisms such as drosophila, muscles can be single cells. This class groups together all discrete muscle elements, from multicellular muscle organs in vertebrates, to individual single-cell muscles in drisophila EMAPA:32715 FBbt:00005073 FMA:30316 musculus uberon muscle muscle element UBERON:0005090 muscle structure Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms[GO]. GO:0061061 musculus FMA:30316 A bud is a protrusion that forms from an epithelial sheet by localized folding. BTO:0001639 uberon UBERON:0005153 epithelial bud A bud is a protrusion that forms from an epithelial sheet by localized folding. GO:0060572 An epithelial sheet bent on a linear axis. uberon UBERON:0005157 epithelial fold An epithelial sheet bent on a linear axis. GO:0060571 A structure consisting of multiple cell components but which is not itself a cell and does not have (complete) cells as a part. we go with the FMA classification rather than the CARO one. FMA def: 'Anatomical cluster which has as direct parts cell parts from two or more cells.' AAO:0011000 CARO:0001000 FBbt:00007060 FMA:83115 multi-cell-component structure multi-cell-part structure uberon cell part cluster UBERON:0005162 multi cell part structure FMA A structure consisting of multiple cell components but which is not itself a cell and does not have (complete) cells as a part. CARO:0001000 we go with the FMA classification rather than the CARO one. FMA def: 'Anatomical cluster which has as direct parts cell parts from two or more cells.' CARO FMA multi-cell-component structure CARO:0001000 multi-cell-part structure CARO:0001000 cell part cluster FMA:83115 An organ or element that part of the dorsum of the organism. Examples: spinal cord, vertebrae, muscles of back. EMAPA:37274 MA:0001901 back organ dorsal region organ uberon UBERON:0005174 dorsal region element An organ or element that part of the dorsum of the organism. Examples: spinal cord, vertebrae, muscles of back. EMAPA:37274 MA:th back organ MA:0001901 An organ or element that part of the trunk region. The trunk region can be further subdividied into thoracic (including chest and thoracic cavity) and abdominal (including abdomen and pelbis) regions. EMAPA:37270 MA:0000516 trunk organ uberon UBERON:0005177 trunk region element An organ or element that part of the trunk region. The trunk region can be further subdividied into thoracic (including chest and thoracic cavity) and abdominal (including abdomen and pelbis) regions. EMAPA:37270 MA:th trunk organ MA:0000516 An organ or element that is in the thoracic cavity. Examples: lung, heart, longus colli. EMAPA:37273 MA:0000557 thoracic cavity organ uberon UBERON:0005178 thoracic cavity element An organ or element that is in the thoracic cavity. Examples: lung, heart, longus colli. EMAPA:37273 MA:th thoracic cavity organ MA:0000557 An organ that part of the thoracic segment region. This region can be further subdividied chest and thoracic cavity regions. EMAPA:37271 MA:0000563 uberon upper body organ UBERON:0005181 thoracic segment organ An organ that part of the thoracic segment region. This region can be further subdividied chest and thoracic cavity regions. EMAPA:37271 MA:th upper body organ MA:0000563 A vein that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:37197 MA:0002235 NCIT:C53142 UMLS:C0226629 uberon UBERON:0005194 thoracic vein A vein that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:37197 MA:th UMLS:C0226629 ncithesaurus:Thoracic_Vein An external ectoderm that is part of a optic eminence [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:16539 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001311 VHOG:0000520 uberon UBERON:0005216 optic eminence surface ectoderm true An external ectoderm that is part of a optic eminence [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic An ectoderm that is part of a optic eminence [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA:940 EMAPA:16539 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001309 VHOG:0001105 uberon UBERON:0005234 optic eminence ectoderm An ectoderm that is part of a optic eminence [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic A gland that is part of a stomodeum. check this VHOG:0000658 stomatodaeum gland uberon UBERON:0005250 stomatodeum gland A gland that is part of a stomodeum. OBOL:automatic stomatodaeum gland VHOG:0000658 Portion of primordial embryonic connective tissue of the developing head, consisting of mesenchymal cells supported in interlaminar jelly, that derive mostly from the mesoderm and contribute to head connective tissue, bone and musculature in conjunction with cranial neural crest cells. Mesoderm that will give rise, along with cranial neural crest cells, to connective tissue, bone and musculature in the head. (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO] EFO:0003492 EHDAA2:0000732 EHDAA:179 EMAPA:16098 EMAPA_RETIRED:16269 FMA:76622 TAO:0000113 VHOG:0000332 ZFA:0000113 cephalic mesenchyme uberon cranial mesenchyme desmocranium UBERON:0005253 head mesenchyme EHDAA2 Portion of primordial embryonic connective tissue of the developing head, consisting of mesenchymal cells supported in interlaminar jelly, that derive mostly from the mesoderm and contribute to head connective tissue, bone and musculature in conjunction with cranial neural crest cells. ISBN:0683400088 MP:0011260 Mesoderm that will give rise, along with cranial neural crest cells, to connective tissue, bone and musculature in the head. (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000113 TAO ZFIN:curator cephalic mesenchyme MP:0011260 cranial mesenchyme MGI:anna desmocranium FMA:76622 Mesenchyme that is part of a developing trunk. EFO:0003485 EHDAA2:0002092 EHDAA:377 EMAPA:16177 TAO:0000081 VHOG:0000281 ZFA:0000081 uberon trunk and cervical mesenchyme UBERON:0005256 trunk mesenchyme EHDAA2 Mesenchyme that is part of a developing trunk. OBOL:automatic trunk and cervical mesenchyme EHDAA2:0002092 The posterior part of the developing vertebrate hindbrain or the corresponding part of the adult brain composed of the medulla oblongata and a portion of the fourth ventricle; as well as the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), vagus nerve (CN X), accessory nerve (CN XI), hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), and a portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII).[BTO,WP]. The posterior of the two brain vesicles formed by specialization of the rhombencephalon in the developing embryo, it comprises the medulla oblongata. [TFD][VHOG] The early development of most vertebrate brains is similar (...). The zebrafish neural tube follows the same basic differentiation pattern as the mammalian neural tube (reference 1); The brain develops from three embryonic enlargements of the neural tube, which later differentiate into five regions. A forebrain differentiates into telencephalon and diencephalon. The midbrain, or mesencephalon, remains undivided. The hindbrain divides into the metencephalon and myelencephalon. Cavities within the brain enlarge to form a series of interconnected ventricles (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] the terms metencephalon and myelencephalon are only meaningful in mammals and birds - Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain. Note that its not clear if this refers to the developing medulla oblongata - MA (adult) has two distinct classes BTO:0000758 CALOHA:TS-0607 CALOHA:TS-2365 DHBA:10662 EHDAA2:0001207 EHDAA:5526 EMAPA:17082 HBA:9512 MA:0000205 VHOG:0000456 uberon myelencephalon (medulla oblongata) UBERON:0005290 myelencephalon definitional The posterior part of the developing vertebrate hindbrain or the corresponding part of the adult brain composed of the medulla oblongata and a portion of the fourth ventricle; as well as the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), vagus nerve (CN X), accessory nerve (CN XI), hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), and a portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII).[BTO,WP]. BTO:0000758 The posterior of the two brain vesicles formed by specialization of the rhombencephalon in the developing embryo, it comprises the medulla oblongata. [TFD][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000456 VHOG The early development of most vertebrate brains is similar (...). The zebrafish neural tube follows the same basic differentiation pattern as the mammalian neural tube (reference 1); The brain develops from three embryonic enlargements of the neural tube, which later differentiate into five regions. A forebrain differentiates into telencephalon and diencephalon. The midbrain, or mesencephalon, remains undivided. The hindbrain divides into the metencephalon and myelencephalon. Cavities within the brain enlarge to form a series of interconnected ventricles (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000456 VHOG ISBN:978-0878932504 Gilbert SF, Developmental Biology (2006) p.381-382, ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.500 myelencephalon (medulla oblongata) DHBA:10662 A portion of tissue that is part of an embryo. CALOHA:TS-2100 portion of embryonic tissue uberon developing tissue UBERON:0005291 embryonic tissue A portion of tissue that is part of an embryo. OBOL:automatic portion of embryonic tissue OBOL:automatic Portion of tissue that is contiguous with the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells that will not contribute to the embryo. BTO:0003360 CALOHA:TS-2119 EFO:0001406 MAT:0000061 MIAA:0000061 extra-embryonic tissue uberon UBERON:0005292 extraembryonic tissue Portion of tissue that is contiguous with the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells that will not contribute to the embryo. The endothelial lining of the endocardium. FMA:83596 endocardium endothelium endothelium of endocardium uberon UBERON:0005316 endocardial endothelium The endothelial lining of the endocardium. UBERON:cjm endocardium endothelium FMA:83596 endothelium of endocardium FMA:83596 An pulmonary artery endothelium is an epithelium that lines the pulmonary artery[GO]. BTO:0000137 pulmonary artery endothelial tube uberon UBERON:0005317 pulmonary artery endothelium An pulmonary artery endothelium is an epithelium that lines the pulmonary artery[GO]. GO:0061155 pulmonary artery endothelial tube GO:0061155 merge with RVOT? EHDAA2:0001359 EHDAA:4401 EMAPA:17330 MA:0000102 VHOG:0001395 uberon UBERON:0005339 outflow tract pulmonary component An array of photoreceptors and any supporting cells found in an eye. FBbt:00004200 light-sensitive tissue uberon UBERON:0005388 photoreceptor array An array of photoreceptors and any supporting cells found in an eye. A transparent structure that is part of a visual sense organ, the function of which is to direct or focus light onto a photoreceptor array. directing or focusing light onto light receptors lens uberon UBERON:0005389 transparent eye structure A transparent structure that is part of a visual sense organ, the function of which is to direct or focus light onto a photoreceptor array. One of: the common carotid artery, or its branches, the external and internal carotid arteries. This is a generic grouping class that is the superclass of the trunks/branches of the common carotid artery. Note that AOs vary widely in how they divide up and generalize arteries Artery originating at the junction of the first two aortic arches and supplying the anterior brain. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] AAO:0010217 BTO:0000168 CALOHA:TS-0116 EFO:0000818 EHDAA:6385 EMAPA:18609 EV:0100379 FMA:70504 GAID:478 MA:0001925 MAT:0000501 MESH:D002339 NCIT:C12687 OpenCyc:Mx4rvg7rcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000097 UMLS:C0007272 VHOG:0000266 ZFA:0000097 galen:CarotidArtery carotid carotid artery subdivision of common carotid artery uberon common carotid arterial subdivision UBERON:0005396 carotid artery segment FMA One of: the common carotid artery, or its branches, the external and internal carotid arteries. Artery originating at the junction of the first two aortic arches and supplying the anterior brain. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000097 TAO ZFIN:curator UMLS:C0007272 ncithesaurus:Carotid_Artery carotid AAO:0010217 carotid artery MA:0001925 subdivision of common carotid artery FMA:70504 common carotid arterial subdivision FMA:70504 AEO:0000125 CALOHA:TS-2122 EHDAA2:0003125 FBbt:00007006 FMA:292313 MIAA:0000019 uberon developing structure developmental structure developmental tissue UBERON:0005423 developing anatomical structure developmental tissue MIAA:0000019 Portion of tissue that is the inner layer of the optic cup and will become the neural retina. (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG] EHDAA2:0001304 EMAPA:16675 TAO:0001071 VHOG:0000490 ZFA:0001071 future neural retina future retinal neural layer inner layer optic cup optic cup inner layer presumptive retinas uberon future NR future neural epithelium future neural layer presumptive retina UBERON:0005425 presumptive neural retina Portion of tissue that is the inner layer of the optic cup and will become the neural retina. ZFIN:curator (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000490 VHOG ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429 inner layer optic cup ZFA:0001071 optic cup inner layer EHDAA2:0001304 presumptive retinas ZFA:0001071 future neural epithelium EMAPA:16675 future neural layer EMAPA:16675 presumptive retina TAO:0001071 Portion of tissue that gives rise to the lens. A vesicle formed from the lens pit of the embryo, developing into the crystalline lens. [TFD][VHOG] (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The optic cup induces the overlying surface ectoderm first to thicken as a lens placode and then to invaginate and form a lens vesicle that differentiates into the lens.[well established][VHOG] the lens of zebrafish (and other teleosts) forms from delamination of cells from the lens placode; thus, there is no formation of a hollow lens vesicle, in contrast to the situation in mammals and birds (Glass and Dahm, 2004) [PMID:16496288] The lens of the zebrafish forms by delamination of lens placodal cells and not through invagination. This results in a solid spherical mass as opposed to a hollow lens vesicle. Detachment of the solid lens vesicle of zebrafish at 24b26 hpf is accomplished in part by apoptosis, similar to mammals EHDAA2:0000983 EHDAA:4737 EMAPA:17163 TAO:0002205 VHOG:0001163 ZFA:0001679 hollow lens vesicle solid lens vesicle uberon immature lens lens mass presumptive lens UBERON:0005426 lens vesicle Portion of tissue that gives rise to the lens. ZFIN:curator A vesicle formed from the lens pit of the embryo, developing into the crystalline lens. [TFD][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001163 VHOG (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The optic cup induces the overlying surface ectoderm first to thicken as a lens placode and then to invaginate and form a lens vesicle that differentiates into the lens.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001163 VHOG ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429 the lens of zebrafish (and other teleosts) forms from delamination of cells from the lens placode; thus, there is no formation of a hollow lens vesicle, in contrast to the situation in mammals and birds (Glass and Dahm, 2004) [PMID:16496288] The lens of the zebrafish forms by delamination of lens placodal cells and not through invagination. This results in a solid spherical mass as opposed to a hollow lens vesicle. Detachment of the solid lens vesicle of zebrafish at 24b26 hpf is accomplished in part by apoptosis, similar to mammals ZFA hollow lens vesicle solid lens vesicle ZFA:0001679 immature lens ZFA:0001679 lens mass ZFA:0001679 ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-091023-49 presumptive lens ZFA:0001679 Portion of tissue that is part of the eye and gives rise to the mature, fully layered cornea. TAO:0002188 ZFA:0001688 uberon UBERON:0005427 corneal primordium ZFA Obol ZFA Portion of tissue that is part of the eye and gives rise to the mature, fully layered cornea. ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-061010-3 The dilated structure that is lined by endothelial cells and located at the arterial pole of the heart just above (distal to) the truncus arteriosus in mammalian embryos; it is the primordial vascular channel from which the aortic arches (and eventually the dorsal aortae) arise; the aortic sac is homologous to the ventral aorta of gill-bearing vertebrates the merged ventral aortae of the embryo which supplies blood to the aortic arches[TMD][http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/aortic+sac]. EHDAA2:0004145 EHDAA:9826 EMAPA:36461 FMA:71008 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000133 saccus aorticus uberon UBERON:0005432 aortic sac EHDAA2 EHDAA2 The dilated structure that is lined by endothelial cells and located at the arterial pole of the heart just above (distal to) the truncus arteriosus in mammalian embryos; it is the primordial vascular channel from which the aortic arches (and eventually the dorsal aortae) arise; the aortic sac is homologous to the ventral aorta of gill-bearing vertebrates MP:0012510 the merged ventral aortae of the embryo which supplies blood to the aortic arches[TMD][http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/aortic+sac]. saccus aorticus Portion of tissue on the side of the lumen of the neural tube. EHDAA2:0001257 EHDAA:2873 EHDAA:912 EMAPA:16166 TAO:0001435 VHOG:0000513 ZFA:0001435 lateral wall neural tube uberon UBERON:0005496 neural tube lateral wall Portion of tissue on the side of the lumen of the neural tube. ZFA:0001435 lateral wall neural tube ZFA:0001435 Multi-tissue structure that arises from the heart rudiment and will become the heart tube. EHDAA2:0001512 EHDAA:424 EHDAA:436 EMAPA:16215 FMA:321916 TAO:0000149 ZFA:0000149 primitive heart tube early primitive heart tube uberon UBERON:0005498 primitive heart tube ZFA Multi-tissue structure that arises from the heart rudiment and will become the heart tube. ZFA:0000149 primitive heart tube EMAPA:16215 early primitive heart tube EMAPA:16208 A neural tube lateral wall that is part of a rhombomere. EMAPA:32819 EMAPA:35364 uberon future hindbrain lateral wall UBERON:0005501 rhombomere lateral wall A neural tube lateral wall that is part of a rhombomere. OBOL:automatic future hindbrain lateral wall EMAPA:35364 A pair of lateral diverticula just over the liver rudiment representing the primordia of the lungs, formed by the floor of the foregut just anterior to the liver diverticulum. UBERON:3010717 AAO:0011059 EFO:0002578 EMAPA:36007 XAO:0001002 uberon lateral diverticula lung diverticulum lung endoderm UBERON:0005597 lung primordium XAO XAO A pair of lateral diverticula just over the liver rudiment representing the primordia of the lungs, formed by the floor of the foregut just anterior to the liver diverticulum. XAO:0001002 lateral diverticula XAO:0001002 lung diverticulum AAO:3010717 lung endoderm EFO:0002578 A somite that is part of a trunk. AAO:0010385 EHDAA2:0003438 EMAPA:16184 XAO:0000314 uberon UBERON:0005598 trunk somite A somite that is part of a trunk. OBOL:automatic A layer of cuboidal epithelial cells bounded anteriorly by the capsule of the lens and posteriorly by the lens cortex. Cells of the subcapsular epithelium (or anterior lens cells) are mitotically active. In adult individuals they only cover the anterior 'hemisphere' of the lens. As they divide, cells gradually move towards the equator of the lens where they tranform into lens fibres. The apical part of the gradually elongating cell extends between the subcapsular epithelium and adjacent lens fibres towards the anterior pole of the lens. The basal part extends towards the posterior pole. The nucleus remains close to the equatorial plane of the lens - http://www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/corepages/eye/eye.htm lens epithelium EHDAA2:0000984 EHDAA:9059 EMAPA:17304 EMAPA:17839 FMA:70612 MA:0001302 NCIT:C33641 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000976 UMLS:C1182652 VHOG:0001425 lens subcapsular epithelium subcapsular lens epithelium uberon anterior epithelium of lens vesicle anterior surface of lens UBERON:0005614 lens anterior epithelium A layer of cuboidal epithelial cells bounded anteriorly by the capsule of the lens and posteriorly by the lens cortex. UMLS:C1182652 ncithesaurus:Subcapsular_Epithelium_of_the_Lens lens subcapsular epithelium subcapsular lens epithelium FMA:70612 anterior epithelium of lens vesicle EMAPA:17304 anterior surface of lens FMA:58889 An epithelium that is part of a anterior chamber of eyeball. EHDAA2:0000130 uberon UBERON:0005638 anterior chamber epithelium An epithelium that is part of a anterior chamber of eyeball. OBOL:automatic An epithelium that is part of a lens vesicle. EHDAA2:0000987 EMAPA:17165 VHOG:0000532 uberon UBERON:0005656 lens vesicle epithelium An epithelium that is part of a lens vesicle. OBOL:automatic An endothelium that is part of a right lung. EHDAA2:0001755 uberon UBERON:0005672 right lung endothelium An endothelium that is part of a right lung. OBOL:automatic An endothelium that is part of a left lung. EHDAA2:0000961 uberon UBERON:0005673 left lung endothelium An endothelium that is part of a left lung. OBOL:automatic An anatomical cavity that is part of a lens vesicle. (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The optic cup induces the overlying surface ectoderm first to thicken as a lens placode and then to invaginate and form a lens vesicle that differentiates into the lens.[well established][VHOG] cavity of lens lens cavity EHDAA2:0000986 EMAPA:17164 VHOG:0000531 cavity of lens vesicle uberon UBERON:0005688 lens vesicle cavity An anatomical cavity that is part of a lens vesicle. OBOL:automatic (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The optic cup induces the overlying surface ectoderm first to thicken as a lens placode and then to invaginate and form a lens vesicle that differentiates into the lens.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000531 VHOG ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429 lens cavity EHDAA2:0000986 cavity of lens vesicle EMAPA:17164 Mesenchyme that is part of a optic eminence. EHDAA:942 EMAPA:16324 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001310 VHOG:0001073 uberon UBERON:0005702 optic eminence mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a optic eminence. OBOL:automatic A venous system that is part of a hindbrain. EHDAA2:0000776 EMAPA:18632 VHOG:0001322 uberon rhombencephalon venous system UBERON:0005720 hindbrain venous system A venous system that is part of a hindbrain. OBOL:automatic rhombencephalon venous system VHOG:0001322 The outermost layer of a blood vessel, composed mainly of fibrous tissue. TODO - note terminological problems. WP says tunica external layer of blood vessel. FMA says tunica externa = adventitia, and is FMA adventitia covers other kinds of vessels. Here we opt for a lengthier name that attempts to disambiguate. There is no precise FMA equivalent, as FMA has tunica externa of arteries, veins, genital ducts etc as siblings The outermost layer of a blood vessel, surrounding the tunica media. It is mainly composed of collagen. The collagen serves to anchor the blood vessel to nearby organs, giving it stability[Wikipedia:Tunica_externa_(vessels)]. BTO:0002010 EMAPA:36299 NCIT:C33818 UMLS:C0225342 adventitia externa tunica adventitia tunica adventitia of vessel uberon external coat tunica adventitia vasorum tunica externa vasorum UBERON:0005734 tunica adventitia of blood vessel cjm The outermost layer of a blood vessel, composed mainly of fibrous tissue. ISBN:0073040584 The outermost layer of a blood vessel, surrounding the tunica media. It is mainly composed of collagen. The collagen serves to anchor the blood vessel to nearby organs, giving it stability[Wikipedia:Tunica_externa_(vessels)]. UMLS:C0225342 ncithesaurus:Tunica_Adventitia adventitia externa tunica adventitia tunica adventitia of vessel external coat tunica adventitia vasorum tunica externa vasorum A tunica intima that is part of a artery. EMAPA:36293 EV:0100028 FMA:14272 galen:IntimaOfArtery arterial intima tunica interna (intima)(arteriae) uberon UBERON:0005740 tunica intima of artery A tunica intima that is part of a artery. OBOL:automatic arterial intima EV:0100028 tunica interna (intima)(arteriae) FMA:14272 An outermost connective tissue covering of an organ, vessel, or other structure[WP]. BTO:0002010 FMA:45635 tunica advetitia tunica externa uberon UBERON:0005742 adventitia An outermost connective tissue covering of an organ, vessel, or other structure[WP]. tunica advetitia tunica externa FMA:45635 A acellular anatomical structure that is the bounding layer of a anatomical structure. FMA:63871 uberon UBERON:0005764 acellular membrane A acellular anatomical structure that is the bounding layer of a anatomical structure. OBOL:automatic An acellular membrane that is part of the epithelium, lies adjacent to the epithelial cells, and is the fusion of the the basal lamina and the reticular lamina. this class represents a continuous sheet of basement membrane which can underlie multiple epithelial cells over large regions. In contrast, the GO class 'basal membrane' represents a portion of substance on the scale of a single cell. AAO:0010596 FMA:63872 GAID:915 NCIT:C13191 UMLS:C0004799 basement membrane of connective tissue membrana basalis uberon basement membrane UBERON:0005769 basement membrane of epithelium FMA An acellular membrane that is part of the epithelium, lies adjacent to the epithelial cells, and is the fusion of the the basal lamina and the reticular lamina. UMLS:C0004799 ncithesaurus:Basement_Membrane basement membrane of connective tissue FMA:63872 membrana basalis basement membrane FMA:63872 A delimited region of dense mesenchyme within looser mesenchyme. AEO:0000148 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003148 EHDAA:8979 mesenchyme condensation uberon UBERON:0005856 developing mesenchymal condensation AEO cjm A delimited region of dense mesenchyme within looser mesenchyme. AEO:0000148 mesenchyme condensation EMAPA:25351 the paired ventral prominences formed by bifurcation of the first pharyngeal arches in the embryo; the two prominences unite ventrally and fuse to form the mandible and lower lip check develops_from EHDAA2:0001061 EHDAA:5871 EMAPA:17355 FMA:293051 NCIT:C34204 UMLS:C1512982 uberon mandibular process mandibular swelling prominentia mandibularis UBERON:0005867 mandibular prominence the paired ventral prominences formed by bifurcation of the first pharyngeal arches in the embryo; the two prominences unite ventrally and fuse to form the mandible and lower lip ISBN:0-683-40008-8 MP:0010939 UMLS:C1512982 ncithesaurus:Mandibular_Prominence mandibular process mandibular swelling prominentia mandibularis Organ with organ cavity, which has as parts a serous membrane and a serous cavity . Examples: pleural sac, pericardial sac, tendon sheath, bursa.[FMA] EMAPA:16060 FMA:9689 MA:0000005 uberon UBERON:0005906 See notes for serous membrane serous sac Organ with organ cavity, which has as parts a serous membrane and a serous cavity . Examples: pleural sac, pericardial sac, tendon sheath, bursa.[FMA] FMA:9689 Epithelium that derives from the endoderm. Examples: urothelium, transitional epithelium of ureter, epithelium of prostatic gland.[FMA] FMA:69065 endoderm-derived epithelium endoepithelium uberon UBERON:0005911 endo-epithelium Epithelium that derives from the endoderm. Examples: urothelium, transitional epithelium of ureter, epithelium of prostatic gland.[FMA] FMA:69065 Subdivision of skeleton which consists of cranial skeleton, set of all vertebrae, set of all ribs and sternum[FMA, modified]. Skeletal subdivision of the central body axis including the cranium, vertebrae, notochord, ribs, and sternum.[VSAO] AAO:0000963 EMAPA:17214 EMAPA:18043 MA:0000308 NCIT:C32172 UMLS:C0222645 VSAO:0000056 XAO:0004011 uberon skeleton axiale UBERON:0005944 axial skeleton plus cranial skeleton http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/The-axial-skeleton Subdivision of skeleton which consists of cranial skeleton, set of all vertebrae, set of all ribs and sternum[FMA, modified]. FMA:71221 VSAO:0000056 Skeletal subdivision of the central body axis including the cranium, vertebrae, notochord, ribs, and sternum.[VSAO] 2012-08-14 VSAO:0000056 VSAO PSPUB:0000170 UMLS:C0222645 ncithesaurus:Axial_Skeleton skeleton axiale The laminar structure of the heart uberon UBERON:0005983 heart layer The laminar structure of the heart MP:0010545 Any of the arteries or veins that supply blood to the heart or return blood from the heart muscles to the circulation TODO - change relation from part_of MESH:D003331 uberon UBERON:0005985 coronary vessel Any of the arteries or veins that supply blood to the heart or return blood from the heart muscles to the circulation MP:0010551 Anatomical structure embedded in or located in the integument that is part of the integumental system. Examples: hair, follicles, skin glands, claws, nails, feathers. add subclasses based on resolution of CARO tracker item. Also check: adnexal gland. Note that MP implicitly includes hypodermis. the tissue or structures associated with or embedded in the skin such as hair and hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands and claws or nails[MP:0010678] EMAPA:37883 body hair or bristle uberon adnexae cutis skin adnexa skin adnexal structure skin appendage UBERON:0006003 integumentary adnexa Anatomical structure embedded in or located in the integument that is part of the integumental system. Examples: hair, follicles, skin glands, claws, nails, feathers. the tissue or structures associated with or embedded in the skin such as hair and hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands and claws or nails[MP:0010678] MP:0010678 EMAPA:37883 MA:th body hair or bristle GO:GO adnexae cutis skin adnexa skin appendage uberon UBERON:0006056 posterior surface of head The thin bilaminar membrane derived from the prechordal plate that is devoid of mesoderm and formed by the apposition of the stomodeal ectoderm with the foregut endoderm; after the embryonic head fold has evolved it lies at the caudal limit of the stomodeum, forming a septum between the primitive mouth and pharynx; the membrane eventually disappears, and thus a communication is established between the mouth and the future pharynx. EHDAA2:0000189 EHDAA:536 EMAPA:16259 FMA:313607 VHOG:0000380 uberon oral membrane oral plate oropharyngeal membrane pharyngeal membrane UBERON:0006211 buccopharyngeal membrane EHDAA2 The thin bilaminar membrane derived from the prechordal plate that is devoid of mesoderm and formed by the apposition of the stomodeal ectoderm with the foregut endoderm; after the embryonic head fold has evolved it lies at the caudal limit of the stomodeum, forming a septum between the primitive mouth and pharynx; the membrane eventually disappears, and thus a communication is established between the mouth and the future pharynx. MP:0012521 oral membrane MP:0012521 oral plate MP:0012521 oropharyngeal membrane pharyngeal membrane MP:0012521 The embryonic precursor of the brain. The embryonic precursor of the brain and the set of mature brain structures that derive from it (CUMBO) BAMS:Enc BTO:0004726 EFO:0003431 EHDAA:300 EHDAA:830 EMAPA:16089 FMA:312967 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000591 TAO:0000146 ZFA:0000146 brain rudiment presumptive brain encephalon uberon embryonic brain UBERON:0006238 future brain The embryonic precursor of the brain. NLX:94995 The embryonic precursor of the brain and the set of mature brain structures that derive from it (CUMBO) brain rudiment TAO:0000146 presumptive brain ZFA:0000146 encephalon NLX:94995 embryonic brain BTO:0004726 EFO:0003438 EHDAA2:0000674 EHDAA:898 EMAPA:16092 EMAPA:16755 TAO:0000417 ZFA:0000417 presumptive spinal cord presumptive spinal cord neural keel presumptive spinal cord neural plate presumptive spinal cord neural rod uberon UBERON:0006241 future spinal cord EHDAA2 presumptive spinal cord ZFA:0000417 presumptive spinal cord neural keel TAO:0000417 presumptive spinal cord neural plate TAO:0000417 presumptive spinal cord neural rod TAO:0000417 An anatomical junctions that overlaps the mouth and foregut. EHDAA:534 EMAPA:16258 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001205 VHOG:0000592 uberon UBERON:0006264 mouth-foregut junction An anatomical junctions that overlaps the mouth and foregut. OBOL:automatic The notochordal plate is the dorsal part of the notochordal process when the ventral portion breaks down. It is continuous laterally with the endoderm that composes the roof of the primitive foregut and is in contact dorsally with the neural tube. The folding off of the notochordal plate gives rise to the notochord. TODO - check ordering; awaiting confirmation from JB The notochordal plate is the dorsal part of the notochordal process when the ventral portion breaks down. It is continuous laterally with the endoderm that composes the roof of the primitive foregut and is in contact dorsally with the neural tube. The folding off of the notochordal plate gives rise to the notochord. [Carson_JL, Dehart_DB, Developmental_Dynamics_(1994)_201:_260-278, Gesteland_K_and_Schoenwolf_GC, Inagaki_T, Morphogenesis_of_the_murine_node_and_notochordal_plate, The_prechordal_plate, Vrablic_T, see_Mueller_F_and_O'Rahilly_R, the_rostral_end_of_the_notochord_and_nearby_median_features_in_staged_human_embryos._Cells_Tissues_Organs_(2003)_173:_1-20_and_Sulik_K][VHOG] EHDAA2:0001278 EHDAA:264 EMAPA:16101 NCIT:C34231 UMLS:C1518429 VHOG:0001212 uberon UBERON:0006267 notochordal plate EHDAA2 EHDAA2 The notochordal plate is the dorsal part of the notochordal process when the ventral portion breaks down. It is continuous laterally with the endoderm that composes the roof of the primitive foregut and is in contact dorsally with the neural tube. The folding off of the notochordal plate gives rise to the notochord. VHOG:0001212 The notochordal plate is the dorsal part of the notochordal process when the ventral portion breaks down. It is continuous laterally with the endoderm that composes the roof of the primitive foregut and is in contact dorsally with the neural tube. The folding off of the notochordal plate gives rise to the notochord. [Carson_JL, Dehart_DB, Developmental_Dynamics_(1994)_201:_260-278, Gesteland_K_and_Schoenwolf_GC, Inagaki_T, Morphogenesis_of_the_murine_node_and_notochordal_plate, The_prechordal_plate, Vrablic_T, see_Mueller_F_and_O'Rahilly_R, the_rostral_end_of_the_notochord_and_nearby_median_features_in_staged_human_embryos._Cells_Tissues_Organs_(2003)_173:_1-20_and_Sulik_K][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001212 VHOG UMLS:C1518429 ncithesaurus:Notochordal_Plate A midline cellular cord formed from the migration of mesenchymal cells from the primitive knot EHDAA2:0001279 EHDAA:224 EMAPA:16102 FMA:293135 NCIT:C34232 UMLS:C1518430 VHOG:0001213 uberon chordamesoderm presumptive notochord UBERON:0006268 The notochordal process grows cranially until it reaches the prechordal plate, the future site of the mouth. In this area the ectoderm is attached directly to the endoderm without intervening mesoderm. This area is known as the oropharyngeal membrane, and it will break down to become the mouth. At the other end of the primitive streak the ectoderm is also fused directly to the endoderm; this is known as the cloacal membrane (proctodeum), or primordial anus. notochordal process EHDAA2 A midline cellular cord formed from the migration of mesenchymal cells from the primitive knot UMLS:C1518430 ncithesaurus:Notochordal_Process A segment of the eyeball that is filled with refractive media BTO:0002085 EMAPA:37529 FMA:58071 MA:0002459 NCIT:C32301 UMLS:C0459556 eye chamber eyeball chamber uberon chamber of eye UBERON:0006311 chamber of eyeball A segment of the eyeball that is filled with refractive media EMAPA:37529 MA:th UMLS:C0459556 ncithesaurus:Chamber_of_the_Eye eye chamber MA:0002459 eyeball chamber FMA:58071 chamber of eye BTO:0002085 Body substance in a liquid or semi-solid state in the eyeball which serves to refract light. ocular refraction MA:0001911 uberon UBERON:0006312 ocular refractive media Body substance in a liquid or semi-solid state in the eyeball which serves to refract light. Liquid components of living organisms. includes fluids that are excreted or secreted from the body as well as body water that normally is not. fluid BIRNLEX:20 EMAPA:37441 FMA:280556 GAID:266 MESH:D001826 galen:BodyFluid body fluid uberon UBERON:0006314 bodily fluid Liquid components of living organisms. includes fluids that are excreted or secreted from the body as well as body water that normally is not. MESH:A12.207 EMAPA:37441 MA:th body fluid GAID:266 2 2 An artery that connects two larger arteries. EMAPA:18598 MA:0001938 NCIT:C52851 UMLS:C1707451 uberon UBERON:0006347 Grouping for anterior and posterior communicating artery An artery that connects two larger arteries. ncithesaurus:Communicating_Artery UMLS:C1707451 ncithesaurus:Communicating_Artery A portion of organism substance that secreted_by a zone of skin. MA:0002537 skin fluid/secretion uberon skin fluid skin substance UBERON:0006535 skin secretion A portion of organism substance that secreted_by a zone of skin. OBOL:automatic skin fluid/secretion MA:0002537 A portion of organism substance that secreted_by a respiratory system. EMAPA:36550 MA:0002533 NCIT:C13722 UMLS:C1514899 uberon respiratory system fluid respiratory system secretion UBERON:0006538 respiratory system fluid/secretion A portion of organism substance that secreted_by a respiratory system. OBOL:automatic UMLS:C1514899 ncithesaurus:Respiratory_System_Fluid_or_Secretion The pharynx is the part of the digestive system immediately posterior to the mouth[GO]. currently this is an extremely generic class, encompassing both protostomes and deuterostomes. branchial pharyngeal FBbt:00005380 MAT:0000049 MIAA:0000049 uberon anterior part of foregut pharyngeal tube UBERON:0006562 pharynx The pharynx is the part of the digestive system immediately posterior to the mouth[GO]. GO:0060465 Tunica media of artery which is continuous with the myocardium of right ventricle.[FMA] FMA:85030 uberon UBERON:0006563 tunica media of pulmonary trunk Tunica media of artery which is continuous with the myocardium of right ventricle.[FMA] FMA:85030 FMA:FMA Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into endoderm. AAO:0000471 EFO:0003437 TAO:0000416 ZFA:0000416 uberon UBERON:0006595 presumptive endoderm Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into endoderm. AAO:0000468 EFO:0003439 TAO:0000568 ZFA:0000568 future blood uberon UBERON:0006596 presumptive blood Portion of embryonic tissue determined by fate mapping to become a structure. Consider merging with anlage AAO:0000479 TAO:0001116 ZFA:0001116 future structure presumptive structures uberon UBERON:0006598 presumptive structure Portion of embryonic tissue determined by fate mapping to become a structure. GOC:CVS GOC:YMB ZFA:0001116 presumptive structures ZFA:0001116 Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into ectoderm. AAO:0000470 EFO:0003466 TAO:0001376 XAO:0004132 ZFA:0001376 uberon presumptive epidermis UBERON:0006601 presumptive ectoderm Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into ectoderm. presumptive epidermis ZFA:0001376 Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into mesoderm. AAO:0000476 EFO:0003467 TAO:0001377 ZFA:0001377 uberon UBERON:0006603 presumptive mesoderm Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into mesoderm. An anatomical boundary that adjacent_to a epithelium. FMA:70997 epithelium surface uberon UBERON:0006677 surface of epithelium An anatomical boundary that adjacent_to a epithelium. OBOL:automatic epithelium surface FMA:70997 the edge of the cornea where it joins the sclera; the limbus is a common site for the occurrence of corneal epithelial neoplasm EFO:0001403 EMAPA:37835 FMA:58342 GAID:896 MESH:D016850 ZFA:0005570 cornea limbus corneal limbus corneal-scleral limbus corneoscleral junction limbus corneae sclerocorneal junction sclerocorneal limbus uberon limbus corneae UBERON:0006761 This location has parts such as blood vessels etc. See PMC2868485, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2695343 corneo-scleral junction the edge of the cornea where it joins the sclera; the limbus is a common site for the occurrence of corneal epithelial neoplasm MP:0013477 EMAPA:37835 MA:th corneal limbus FMA:58342 corneal limbus GAID:896 corneal-scleral limbus corneoscleral junction GAID:896 limbus corneae sclerocorneal junction FMA:58342 sclerocorneal limbus GAID:896 limbus corneae A vasculature that is part of a organ. FMA:74612 organ vasculature set of blood vessels of organ uberon UBERON:0006876 vasculature of organ A vasculature that is part of a organ. OBOL:automatic organ vasculature FMA:74612 set of blood vessels of organ FMA:74612 A head mesenchyme that develops_from a mesoderm. merged in 'head mesoderm' from XAO/AAO and EFO here. Partially implements https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest NC meeting scheme AAO:0011051 EFO:0003337 EFO:0003603 EHDAA2:0001118 EHDAA:655 EMAPA:16099 EMAPA_RETIRED:16270 FMA:293859 TAO:0000998 VHOG:0000185 XAO:0000053 ZFA:0000998 head mesenchyme derived from mesoderm head mesenchyme from head mesoderm head mesenchyme from mesoderm mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm mesenchyme from head mesoderm uberon cranial mesoderm head mesoderm UBERON:0006904 head mesenchyme from mesoderm ZFA EHDAA2 XAO A head mesenchyme that develops_from a mesoderm. OBOL:automatic head mesenchyme from head mesoderm EHDAA2:0001118 mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm EHDAA:1057 cranial mesoderm UBERON:0005280 head mesoderm AAO:0011051 UBERON:0005280 Mesenchyme that is part of a mandibular prominence. EHDAA2:0001062 EHDAA:5861 EHDAA:5873 EMAPA:17357 mesenchyme of mandibular process mesenchyme of mandibular prominence uberon UBERON:0006905 mandibular process mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a mandibular prominence. OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of mandibular process EMAPA:17357 mesenchyme of mandibular prominence An anatomical space that surrounded_by a digestive tract. BTO:0000349 EMAPA:32908 FMA:45677 digestive tract lumen gut cavity gut lumen lumen of alimentary tract lumen of digestive tract lumen of gut uberon UBERON:0006909 lumen of digestive tract An anatomical space that surrounded_by a digestive tract. OBOL:automatic digestive tract lumen gut cavity BTO:0000349 gut lumen FMA:45677 lumen of alimentary tract lumen of digestive tract lumen of gut FMA:45677 An epithelium that is part of a lip. The thick, high squamous-stratified epithelium that covers the lips. It contains abundant melanocytes, many mucous cells and has well differentiated taste buds.[TAO] BTO:0004468 TAO:0005334 ZFA:0005334 uberon UBERON:0006913 lip epithelium An epithelium that is part of a lip. OBOL:automatic The thick, high squamous-stratified epithelium that covers the lips. It contains abundant melanocytes, many mucous cells and has well differentiated taste buds.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0005334 TAO ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-060921-12 An epithelium characterised by its most superficial layer consisting of squamous epithelial cells. FBbt:00007028 (squamous epithelium) A type of epithelium that is made up of flattened cells which are arranged with their long axes in the plane of the epithelium BTO:0002072 NCIT:C12848 UMLS:C0221909 uberon UBERON:0006914 squamous epithelium An epithelium characterised by its most superficial layer consisting of squamous epithelial cells. FBbt:00007028 (squamous epithelium) A type of epithelium that is made up of flattened cells which are arranged with their long axes in the plane of the epithelium FBbt UMLS:C0221909 ncithesaurus:Squamous_Epithelium The vascular cord is the primordial vasculature that will develop into blood vessels by the process of tubulogenesis[GO]. The vascular cord is composed of angioblast or vascular endothelial cells in a solid linear mass called a cord. The cord then undergoes tubulogenesis to form the lumen of the vessels[ZFA]. EFO:0003709 TAO:0005077 ZFA:0005077 uberon UBERON:0006965 vascular cord The vascular cord is the primordial vasculature that will develop into blood vessels by the process of tubulogenesis[GO]. The vascular cord is composed of angioblast or vascular endothelial cells in a solid linear mass called a cord. The cord then undergoes tubulogenesis to form the lumen of the vessels[ZFA]. GO:0072360 ZFA:0005077 A capillary that is part of the coronary system. ZFA:0005813 heart capillary uberon UBERON:0006966 coronary capillary A capillary that is part of the coronary system. heart capillary GO:0003248 A two dimensional anatomical structure that is the boundary between an anatomical structure and an anatomical substance, an anatomical space or the organism's environment. Examples include the surface of your skin, the surface of the lining of your gut; the surface of the endothelium of you aorta that is in contact with blood.n BILA:0000010 CARO:0001002 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003192 FMA:24137 NCIT:C34022 UMLS:C1515977 uberon UBERON:0006984 Old definition: 'Non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions, that is demarcated by anatomical lines or points on the external or internal surfaces of anatomical structures.' Note, in the new definition, the space referred to is not necessarily an anatomical space. It may be the outside of an organism. anatomical surface via morphological boundary in CARO A two dimensional anatomical structure that is the boundary between an anatomical structure and an anatomical substance, an anatomical space or the organism's environment. Examples include the surface of your skin, the surface of the lining of your gut; the surface of the endothelium of you aorta that is in contact with blood.n CARO:0001002 UMLS:C1515977 ncithesaurus:Anatomic_Surface The splanchnic mesoderm in the cardiogenic region where the heart develops; it gives rise to endocardial heart tubes that fuse to form the primordial cardiac tube, the heart primordium[web]. Two migratory heart primordia that move ventrally during the course of neurulation, and then fuse[XAO]. consider FBbt:00005541 ! cardiogenic mesoderm review EHDAA2 placement AAO:0011021 BILA:0000051 EFO:0000315 EHDAA2:0000214 EHDAA:385 FMA:293143 VHOG:0001641 XAO:0000235 cardiogenic splanchnopleure uberon cardiac mesoderm cardiogenic mesoderm cardiogenic region heart primordia UBERON:0007005 cardiogenic splanchnic mesoderm The splanchnic mesoderm in the cardiogenic region where the heart develops; it gives rise to endocardial heart tubes that fuse to form the primordial cardiac tube, the heart primordium[web]. Two migratory heart primordia that move ventrally during the course of neurulation, and then fuse[XAO]. XAO:0000235 cardiogenic splanchnopleure EHDAA2:0000214 cardiac mesoderm XAO:0000235 cardiogenic mesoderm cardiogenic region heart primordia XAO:0000235 Organism at the cleavage stage. BILA:0000058 uberon UBERON:0007010 cleaving embryo Organism at the cleavage stage. OBOL:automatic The endodermal cells generate only the lining of the digestive tube and its glands; mesodermal mesenchyme cells will surround this tube to provide the muscles for peristalsis BILA:0000084 NCIT:C34268 UMLS:C1514442 future digestive tract future digestive tube future gut primitive gut uberon embryonic digestive tube primordial digestive tube primordial gut UBERON:0007026 presumptive gut The endodermal cells generate only the lining of the digestive tube and its glands; mesodermal mesenchyme cells will surround this tube to provide the muscles for peristalsis NCBIBook:NBK10107 UMLS:C1514442 ncithesaurus:Primordial_Gut Cranial neural crest that migrates into the mandibular arch. TAO:0007064 XAO:0000024 ZFA:0007064 uberon UBERON:0007098 mandibular neural crest ZFA ZFA Cranial neural crest that migrates into the mandibular arch. ZFA:0007064 A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood or analogs[GO,modified]. note we reserve the subclass 'heart' from the vertebrate multi-chambered heart. 'The first heart-like organ is believed to have appeared 500my ago in an ancestral bilaterian'. Amniotes: four-chambered heart. Amphibians: two atria, one ventricle, pulmonary; fish: single atrium and ventricle; amphioxus: tubular, non-striated, closed, unidirectional; ascidians: tubular, striated, open, bidirectional; arthropods: tubular, open; C elegans: contractile pharynx; Cnideria: striated muscle cells associated with gastrodermis FBbt:00003154 SPD:0000130 TADS:0000147 dorsal tube heart uberon adult heart UBERON:0007100 Gene notes: Bmp, Nkx, Gata primary circulatory organ A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood or analogs[GO,modified]. GO:0007507 dorsal tube heart GO:0007507 adult heart FBbt:00003154 An intermediate stage (between the neural plate and neural rod) during the early segmentation period in the morphogenesis of the central nervous system primordium; the keel is roughly triangular shaped in cross section. An intermediate stage (between the neural plate and neural rod) during the early segmentation period in the morphogenesis of the central nervous system primordium; the keel is roughly triangular shaped in cross section. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] EFO:0003497 TAO:0000131 ZFA:0000131 uberon presumptive central nervous system UBERON:0007135 neural keel An intermediate stage (between the neural plate and neural rod) during the early segmentation period in the morphogenesis of the central nervous system primordium; the keel is roughly triangular shaped in cross section. ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576 An intermediate stage (between the neural plate and neural rod) during the early segmentation period in the morphogenesis of the central nervous system primordium; the keel is roughly triangular shaped in cross section. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000131 TAO ZFIN:curator presumptive central nervous system ZFA:0000131 Mesenchyme that develops_from a cranial neural crest. EFO:0003572 EHDAA2:0000735 EMAPA:16169 EMAPA:16271 EMAPA_RETIRED:16271 TAO:0000787 ZFA:0000787 head mesenchyme from cranial neural crest head mesenchyme from neural crest head neural crest derived mesenchyme uberon UBERON:0007213 mesenchyme derived from head neural crest ZFA Mesenchyme that develops_from a cranial neural crest. OBOL:automatic head mesenchyme from neural crest EHDAA2:0000735 relationship to Meckel's cartilage to be added Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG] EHDAA2:0000031 EHDAA:583 EMAPA:16382 VHOG:0000510 ventral pharyngeal arch 1 uberon ventral mandibular arch ventral visceral arch 1 UBERON:0007237 1st arch mandibular component EHDAA2 Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000510 VHOG DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001) ventral pharyngeal arch 1 VHOG:0000510 ventral mandibular arch VHOG:0000510 ventral visceral arch 1 VHOG:0000510 A tunica media that is part of a artery. EMAPA:36294 EV:0100029 FMA:14273 NCIT:C49321 UMLS:C1710627 arterial media tunica media (arteriae) uberon UBERON:0007239 tunica media of artery A tunica media that is part of a artery. OBOL:automatic UMLS:C1710627 ncithesaurus:Venous_System_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue arterial media EV:0100029 tunica media (arteriae) FMA:14273 A tunica adventitia that is part of a artery. EMAPA:36295 EV:0100030 FMA:14274 arterial adventitia tunica externa (adventitia)(arteriae) uberon UBERON:0007240 tunica adventitia of artery A tunica adventitia that is part of a artery. OBOL:automatic arterial adventitia EV:0100030 tunica externa (adventitia)(arteriae) FMA:14274 A tunica adventitia that is part of a vein. EMAPA:36310 EV:0100034 FMA:14355 tunica externa (adventitia)(venae) venous adventitia uberon UBERON:0007241 tunica adventitia of vein A tunica adventitia that is part of a vein. OBOL:automatic tunica externa (adventitia)(venae) FMA:14355 venous adventitia EV:0100034 A tunica intima that is part of a vein. EMAPA:36308 EV:0100032 FMA:14353 tunica interna (intima)(venae) venous intima uberon UBERON:0007242 tunica intima of vein A tunica intima that is part of a vein. OBOL:automatic tunica interna (intima)(venae) FMA:14353 venous intima EV:0100032 A tunica media that is part of a vein. EMAPA:36309 EV:0100033 FMA:14354 tunica media (venae) venous media uberon UBERON:0007243 tunica media of vein A tunica media that is part of a vein. OBOL:automatic tunica media (venae) FMA:14354 venous media EV:0100033 The rhombencephalon (or hindbrain) is a developmental categorization of portions of the central nervous system in vertebrates. The rhombencephalon can be subdivided in a variable number of transversal swellings called rhombomeres. In the human embryo eight rhombomeres can be distinguished, from caudal to rostral: Rh7-Rh1 and the isthmus (the most rostral rhombomere). A rare disease of the rhombencephalon, 'rhombencephalosynapsis' is characterized by a missing vermis resulting in a fused cerebellum. Patients generally present with cerebellar ataxia. The caudal rhombencephalon has been generally considered as the initiation site for neural tube closure. TODO - unify naming conventions The embryonic rhombencephalon can be subdivided in a variable number of transversal swellings called rhombomeres. Rhombomeres Rh7-Rh4 form the myelencephalon that will give the medulla oblongata. Rhombomeres Rh3-Rh1 form the metencephalon that will form the pons and the cerebellum[NPX:PDR]. BAMS:HB CALOHA:TS-2118 EFO:0003440 EHDAA2:0001630 FMA:295640 TAO:0000569 ZFA:0000569 presumptive rhombencephalon uberon embryonic rhombencephalon future hindbrain rhombencephalon UBERON:0007277 presumptive hindbrain XAO-abduced cjm The rhombencephalon (or hindbrain) is a developmental categorization of portions of the central nervous system in vertebrates. The rhombencephalon can be subdivided in a variable number of transversal swellings called rhombomeres. In the human embryo eight rhombomeres can be distinguished, from caudal to rostral: Rh7-Rh1 and the isthmus (the most rostral rhombomere). A rare disease of the rhombencephalon, 'rhombencephalosynapsis' is characterized by a missing vermis resulting in a fused cerebellum. Patients generally present with cerebellar ataxia. The caudal rhombencephalon has been generally considered as the initiation site for neural tube closure. The embryonic rhombencephalon can be subdivided in a variable number of transversal swellings called rhombomeres. Rhombomeres Rh7-Rh4 form the myelencephalon that will give the medulla oblongata. Rhombomeres Rh3-Rh1 form the metencephalon that will form the pons and the cerebellum[NPX:PDR]. NPX:PDR presumptive rhombencephalon ZFA:0000569 embryonic rhombencephalon CALOHA:TS-2118 future hindbrain rhombencephalon EHDAA2:0001630 A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a endocardium. Portion of tissue that is part of the heart tube and will become the endocardium.[TAO] TAO:0002233 ZFA:0001724 uberon UBERON:0007280 presumptive endocardium A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a endocardium. OBOL:automatic Portion of tissue that is part of the heart tube and will become the endocardium.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0002233 TAO ZFIN:curator Embryonic structure that gives rise to the midbrain hindbrain boundary. EFO:0003446 TAO:0001187 XAO:0004086 ZFA:0001187 presumptive MHB presumptive midbrain-hindbrain boundary uberon UBERON:0007281 presumptive midbrain hindbrain boundary ZFA Embryonic structure that gives rise to the midbrain hindbrain boundary. ZFA:0001187 presumptive MHB presumptive midbrain-hindbrain boundary ZFA:0001187 A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a presomitic mesoderm. EFO:0003421 TAO:0000053 ZFA:0000053 uberon presumptive segmental plates UBERON:0007282 presumptive segmental plate https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest EDHAA2 A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a presomitic mesoderm. OBOL:automatic presumptive segmental plates ZFA:0000053 A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a neural plate. consider merging Region of the gastrula which gives rise to the neural plate.[TAO] EFO:0003424 TAO:0000063 ZFA:0000063 prospective neuroectoderm prospective vegetal ectoderm uberon UBERON:0007284 presumptive neural plate A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a neural plate. OBOL:automatic Region of the gastrula which gives rise to the neural plate.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000063 TAO ZFIN:curator prospective neuroectoderm ZFA:0000063 prospective vegetal ectoderm ZFA:0000063 The part of the blastula that has the potential to develop into a paraxial mesoderm. EFO:0003443 TAO:0000591 XAO:0004134 ZFA:0000591 future paraxial mesenchyme future paraxial mesoderm uberon UBERON:0007285 presumptive paraxial mesoderm The part of the blastula that has the potential to develop into a paraxial mesoderm. UBERON:cjm future paraxial mesenchyme UBERON:cjm A vasculature that is part of a chordate pharynx. TAO:0005003 ZFA:0005003 branchial vasculature uberon UBERON:0007303 pharyngeal vasculature A vasculature that is part of a chordate pharynx. OBOL:automatic branchial vasculature ZFA:0005003 The epidermis is the entire outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species[GO]. this grouping class exists primarily to align with GO - see GO:0008544. BSA:0000073 BTO:0000313 FBbt:00004993 HAO:0000298 TADS:0000109 WBbt:0005733 epidermis epidermis (sensu Metazoa) outer epidermal layer outer epithelial layer uberon hypoderm hypodermis UBERON:0007376 outer epithelium The epidermis is the entire outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species[GO]. GO:0008544 epidermis GO:0008544 hypoderm BTO:0000313 hypodermis GO:0008544 WBbt:0005733 Portion of the dermis characterized by a well-arranged, plywood-like, collagenous network. Portion of the dermis characterized by a well-arranged, plywood-like, collagenous network. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] relationship loss: develops_from collagenous dermal stroma (TAO:0001186)[TAO] connective tissue in the skin is usually diffuse and irregular, although in some species collagen bundles are arranged in a distinct ordered layer in the dermis AAO:0010600 TAO:0001182 ZFA:0001182 dermal deep region stratum compactum uberon UBERON:0007377 stratum compactum of dermis Portion of the dermis characterized by a well-arranged, plywood-like, collagenous network. ISBN:0073040584 ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-040726-12 Portion of the dermis characterized by a well-arranged, plywood-like, collagenous network. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001182 TAO ZFIN:curator relationship loss: develops_from collagenous dermal stroma (TAO:0001186)[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001182 TAO dermal deep region ZFA:0001182 stratum compactum AAO:0010600 Outermost layer of cells surrounding the embryo. Outermost monolayer of cells surrounding the embryo that become very flattened in the blastula and give rise to the periderm. Sometimes used synonymously with periderm. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] relationship loss: develops_from superficial blastomere (TAO:0001484)[TAO] Originally this tissue is one cell layer thick but in most vertebrates it soon becomes a two layered structure. The outer layer gives rise to the periderm. EFO:0003425 TAO:0000086 ZFA:0000086 EVL enveloping layer uberon UBERON:0007383 enveloping layer of ectoderm Outermost layer of cells surrounding the embryo. Outermost monolayer of cells surrounding the embryo that become very flattened in the blastula and give rise to the periderm. Sometimes used synonymously with periderm. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000086 TAO ZFIN:curator relationship loss: develops_from superficial blastomere (TAO:0001484)[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000086 TAO EVL ZFA:0000086 enveloping layer ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576 The space within an epithelial sphere. EHDAA2:0003079 AEO:0000079 cavity of vesicle uberon UBERON:0007473 lumen of epithelial sac The space within an epithelial sphere. AEO:JB cavity of vesicle AEO:0000079 An epithelial tube that is open at one end only. AEO:0000115 EHDAA2:0003115 uberon UBERON:0007499 epithelial sac AEO An epithelial tube that is open at one end only. AEO:JB UBERONREF:0000001 An epithelial tube open at both ends that allows fluid flow. AEO_RETIRED:0000116 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003116 uberon UBERON:0007500 epithelial tube open at both ends AEO An epithelial tube open at both ends that allows fluid flow. AEO:JB UBERONREF:0000001 A closed epithelium with a lumen. EHDAA2:0003119 AEO:0000119 EHDAA2:0003119 uberon UBERON:0007503 epithelial vesicle AEO A closed epithelium with a lumen. AEO:JB Mesenchyme with little extracellular matrix. EHDAA2:0003146 AEO:0000146 EHDAA2:0003146 uberon UBERON:0007524 dense mesenchyme tissue AEO Mesenchyme with little extracellular matrix. AEO:JB Mesenchymal cells that are migrating. this class will be an important part of the NC reorganization EHDAA2:0003152 AEO:0000152 EHDAA2:0003152 uberon UBERON:0007530 migrating mesenchyme population Mesenchymal cells that are migrating. AEO:JB Simple columnar epithelium in which the luminal side of the cells bears cilia. Examples: epithelium of trachea, epithelium of uterine tube.[FMA] In humans, Ciliated columnar epithelial cells are found mainly in the tracheal and bronchial regions of the pulmonary system and also in the fallopian tubes of the female reproductive system Ciliated columnar epithelium in the pulmonary system is interspersed with goblet cells that secrete mucous to form a mucosal layer apical to the epithelial layer. The rowing-like action of epithelial cilia work in tandem with goblet cells to propel mucus away from the lungs, preventing particulate matter from causing infection[http://www.bio.davidson.edu/people/kabernd/berndcv/lab/epithelialinfoweb/ciliated%20columnar%20epithelium.html] FMA:64798 uberon UBERON:0007592 ciliated columnar epithelium FMA Simple columnar epithelium in which the luminal side of the cells bears cilia. Examples: epithelium of trachea, epithelium of uterine tube.[FMA] FMA:64798 Epithelium bearing vibratile cilia on the free surface. uberon UBERON:0007601 ciliated epithelium Epithelium bearing vibratile cilia on the free surface. A thin, loose vascular connective tissue that makes up the membranes surrounding joints and the sheaths protecting tendons (particularly flexor tendons in the hands and feet) where they pass over bony prominences. Synovial tissue contains synovial cells, which secrete a viscous liquid called synovial fluid; this liquid contains protein and hyaluronic acid and serves as a lubricant and nutrient for the joint cartilage surfaces[BTO]. Synovial tissue can be found in tendons (tissues that connect muscle to bone), bursae (fluid-filled, cushioning sacs found in spaces between tendons, ligaments, and bones), and the cavity (hollow enclosed area) that separates the bones of a freely movable joint, such as the knee or elbow[BTO]. BTO:0001338 CALOHA:TS-0998 FMA:66762 synovium stratum synoviale synovial layer synovial membrane uberon synovial tissue UBERON:0007616 layer of synovial tissue BTO A thin, loose vascular connective tissue that makes up the membranes surrounding joints and the sheaths protecting tendons (particularly flexor tendons in the hands and feet) where they pass over bony prominences. Synovial tissue contains synovial cells, which secrete a viscous liquid called synovial fluid; this liquid contains protein and hyaluronic acid and serves as a lubricant and nutrient for the joint cartilage surfaces[BTO]. Synovial tissue can be found in tendons (tissues that connect muscle to bone), bursae (fluid-filled, cushioning sacs found in spaces between tendons, ligaments, and bones), and the cavity (hollow enclosed area) that separates the bones of a freely movable joint, such as the knee or elbow[BTO]. BTO:0001338 synovium CALOHA:TS-0998 stratum synoviale FMA:TA synovial layer FMA:66762 synovial membrane FMA:66762 synovial tissue BTO:0001338 An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a synovial joint. FMA:11356 articular cavity (synovial joint) cavitas articularis (junctura synovialis) cavity of synovial joint uberon joint cavity synovial cavity UBERON:0007617 synovial cavity of joint An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a synovial joint. OBOL:automatic articular cavity (synovial joint) FMA:11356 cavitas articularis (junctura synovialis) FMA:11356 cavity of synovial joint FMA:11356 joint cavity FMA:11356 synovial cavity FMA:11356 epithelial layer of the retina, ciliary body, or iris composed of cells containing pigment granules. GAID:907 MESH:D010857 uberon eye pigment epithelium UBERON:0007625 pigment epithelium of eye epithelial layer of the retina, ciliary body, or iris composed of cells containing pigment granules. MP:0005200 eye pigment epithelium MESH:A09.371.670 2 An anatomical structure that connects two structures junction FMA:5898 anatomical junction uberon UBERON:0007651 anatomical junction FMA An anatomical structure that connects two structures Anlagen are populations of contiguous cells, typically arranged in one plane, that are morphologically indistinct, but that already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue. field AEO:0000170 EFO:0001649 EHDAA2:0003170 FBbt:00005426 developmental field uberon future organ organ field UBERON:0007688 anlage FBbt AEO FBbt Anlagen are populations of contiguous cells, typically arranged in one plane, that are morphologically indistinct, but that already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue. FBbt:00005426 JB:DEF . EFO:0003626 EHDAA2:0001457 EHDAA:962 EMAPA:32754 FMA:293087 TAO:0001104 ZFA:0001104 early pharyngeal arch endoderm uberon pharyngeal arch endoderm pharyngeal endoderm pharyngeal region endoderm UBERON:0007690 relation conflict: ZFA vs EHDAA2. Note EHDAA2 term renamed to 'early PA endoderm' early pharyngeal endoderm cjm . early pharyngeal arch endoderm EHDAA2:0001457 pharyngeal endoderm ZFA:0001104 pharyngeal region endoderm EHDAA2:0001456 A gland that is part of a epidermis. FMA:59153 epidermal gland gland of epidermis uberon UBERON:0007771 epidermis gland A gland that is part of a epidermis. OBOL:automatic gland of epidermis FMA:59153 Any bodily fluid that has passed through a membrane such as the capillary wall, as a result of unbalanced hydrostatic and osmotic forces transudative characteristically low in protein and cellular content (unless there has been secondary concentration) FMA:12276 GAID:1195 MESH:D005122 ncithesaurus:Transudate uberon plasma ultrafiltrate UBERON:0007779 transudate Any bodily fluid that has passed through a membrane such as the capillary wall, as a result of unbalanced hydrostatic and osmotic forces Any fluid produced by a serous gland. serous fluid serosal fluid serous gland fluid uberon UBERON:0007794 secretion of serous gland Any fluid produced by a serous gland. UBERON:cjm serosal fluid Anatomical system that consists of all blood and lymph vessels. consider merging with vasculature The cardiovascular and lymphatic systems, collectively[ncithesaurus:Vascular_System]. in both MA and BTO, the arterial system and venous sytem are subtypes of the vascular system BTO:0001085 CALOHA:TS-2053 EHDAA2:0004520 EMAPA:35905 MA:0002718 NCIT:C33854 UMLS:C0489903 uberon Gefaesssystem@de UBERON:0007798 vascular system MA Anatomical system that consists of all blood and lymph vessels. The cardiovascular and lymphatic systems, collectively[ncithesaurus:Vascular_System]. ncithesaurus:Vascular_System in both MA and BTO, the arterial system and venous sytem are subtypes of the vascular system MA UMLS:C0489903 ncithesaurus:Vascular_System Gefaesssystem@de BTO:0001085 The anteriormost subdivision of the body that includes the head, jaws, pharyngeal region and the neck (if present). In vertebrates this is the subdivision that includes the cervical vertebrae. CALOHA:TS-2356 EV:0100009 FMA:280881 MA:0000006 NCIT:C12418 UMLS:C0460004 WikipediaCategory:Head_and_neck galen:HeadAndNeck uberon cephalic area cephalic part of animal cephalic region head and neck head or neck UBERON:0007811 craniocervical region MA The anteriormost subdivision of the body that includes the head, jaws, pharyngeal region and the neck (if present). In vertebrates this is the subdivision that includes the cervical vertebrae. UMLS:C0460004 ncithesaurus:Head_and_Neck cephalic area cephalic part of animal cephalic region head and neck FMA:280881 Musculature system of the pharyngeal and head regions. in MA this is restricted to skeletal muscles EMAPA:37259 MA:0000571 TAO:0000328 ZFA:0000328 head or neck muscle uberon head muscles head or neck muscle UBERON:0008229 craniocervical region musculature MA MA Musculature system of the pharyngeal and head regions. ZFA:0000328 ZFA:curator in MA this is restricted to skeletal muscles MA EMAPA:37259 MA:th head or neck muscle MA:0000571 head muscles ZFA:0000328 head or neck muscle MA:0000571 An endothelium that is part of a heart [Automatically generated definition]. this class includes any endothelia that are part of the heart. This might include the endocardial epithelia, as well as endothelia of vessels that are considered strictly part of the heart (e.g. outflow tract). As a grouping class, this may lack utility, and pending review this class may be obsoleted. For annotation consider a more specific class. BTO:0004293 uberon cardiac endothelium UBERON:0008307 heart endothelium An endothelium that is part of a heart [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic cardiac endothelium BTO:0004293 A transient embryonic complex that comprises the pharyngeal arches, bulges of tissues of mesoderm and neural crest derivation through which pass nerves and pharyngeal arch arteries. The arches are separated internally by pharyngeal pouches, evaginations of foregut endoderm, and externally by pharyngeal clefts, invaginations of surface ectoderm. The development of the system ends when the stucture it contributes to are forming, which may include (depending on species) the thymus, thyroid, parathyroids, maxilla, mandible, aortic arch, cardiac outflow tract, external and middle ear[GO,modified]. Currently defined in a vertebrate specific manner. The arch system has origins in basal deuterostomes, consider generalizing EHDAA2:0000187 FMA:293041 NCIT:C34248 UMLS:C1519038 embryonic pharyngeal complex pharyngeal apparatus pharyngeal system uberon pharyngeal arch complex pharyngeal arch region pharyngeal arches and clefts pharyngeal complex UBERON:0008814 pharyngeal arch system A transient embryonic complex that comprises the pharyngeal arches, bulges of tissues of mesoderm and neural crest derivation through which pass nerves and pharyngeal arch arteries. The arches are separated internally by pharyngeal pouches, evaginations of foregut endoderm, and externally by pharyngeal clefts, invaginations of surface ectoderm. The development of the system ends when the stucture it contributes to are forming, which may include (depending on species) the thymus, thyroid, parathyroids, maxilla, mandible, aortic arch, cardiac outflow tract, external and middle ear[GO,modified]. GO:0060037 GOC:dph UMLS:C1519038 ncithesaurus:Pharyngeal_Apparatus pharyngeal system GO:0060037 pharyngeal arch region EHDAA2:0000187 A head that is part of a embryo. CALOHA:TS-0246 FBbt:00000155 FMA:293011 uberon UBERON:0008816 embryonic head A head that is part of a embryo. OBOL:automatic A brain that develops_from a neural tube. a reasoner should automatically classify all the vertebrate ontology brain classes here vertebrate brain uberon UBERON:0008823 neural tube derived brain ZFA FMA A brain that develops_from a neural tube. OBOL:automatic The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all pulmonary arteries and all pulmonary veins. Subdivision of cardiovascular system which has as its parts the pulmonary arterial and venous tree organs.[FMA] FMA:45621 pulmonary circulatory system pulmonary system uberon UBERON:0008886 pulmonary vascular system Obol The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all pulmonary arteries and all pulmonary veins. ISBN:0073040584 Subdivision of cardiovascular system which has as its parts the pulmonary arterial and venous tree organs.[FMA] FMA FMA:45621 pulmonary circulatory system FMA:45621 pulmonary system ISBN:0073040584 Subdivision of endoskeleton derived from pharyngeal arches Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and consists of the jaws, hyoid and branchial arches.[TAO] Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and consists of the jaws, hyoid, and branchial arches.[AAO] The part of the skull derived from the embryonic pharyngeal arches. [Biology_Online][VHOG] The skull of ancestral tetrapods has the three basic components that we have been considering: (1) chondrocranium, (2) splanchnocranium, and (3) dermatocranium (reference 1); Each part of the skull arises from a separate phylogenetic source. The most ancient part is the splanchnocranium (visceral cranium), which first arose to support pharyngeal slits in protochordates (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] VSAO labels this term 'pharyngeal arch' (2012-06-01) - however, it clearly means pharyngeal arch skeleton. many sources define this as the part of the endoskeletal that is from pharyngeal arches - this would make it part-disjoint from dermatocranium. However, there are many bones in AOs that have part-paths to both AAO:0010157 TAO:0001216 VHOG:0000315 VSAO:0000149 XAO:0003176 ZFA:0001216 pharyngeal endoskeleton viscerocranium uberon branchial arch skeleton gill arch skeleton pharyngeal arch pharyngeal arch skeleton pharyngeal skeleton visceral cranium visceral skeletal system visceral skeleton UBERON:0008895 splanchnocranium redundant Grays Subdivision of endoskeleton derived from pharyngeal arches ISBN:0073040584 Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and consists of the jaws, hyoid and branchial arches.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001216 TAO ZFIN:curator Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and consists of the jaws, hyoid, and branchial arches.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010157 AAO AAO:EJS The part of the skull derived from the embryonic pharyngeal arches. [Biology_Online][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000315 VHOG The skull of ancestral tetrapods has the three basic components that we have been considering: (1) chondrocranium, (2) splanchnocranium, and (3) dermatocranium (reference 1); Each part of the skull arises from a separate phylogenetic source. The most ancient part is the splanchnocranium (visceral cranium), which first arose to support pharyngeal slits in protochordates (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000315 VHOG ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.242, ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.235 VSAO labels this term 'pharyngeal arch' (2012-06-01) - however, it clearly means pharyngeal arch skeleton. VSAO pharyngeal endoskeleton viscerocranium VHOG:0000315 ZFA:0001216 pharyngeal arch VSAO:0000149 pharyngeal arch skeleton ZFA:0001216 pharyngeal skeleton ZFA:0001216 visceral cranium visceral skeletal system visceral skeleton UBERONREF:0000007 EHDAA2:0004069 NCIT:C34283 UMLS:C1514898 uberon UBERON:0008947 respiratory primordium Obol UMLS:C1514898 ncithesaurus:Respiratory_Primordium System pertaining to blood vessels in the brain. UBERON:0005284 BTO:0003840 EFO:0003491 EMAPA:35186 FMA:242007 FMA:61935 TAO:0000099 ZFA:0000099 brain vasculature cerebrovascular system intracerebral vasculature uberon UBERON:0008998 vasculature of brain System pertaining to blood vessels in the brain. BTO:0003840 cerebrovascular system BTO:0003840 intracerebral vasculature FMA:61935 Vein that drains left lung and returns blood to the heart. A vein that returns oxygenated blood from the left lung to the left atrium of the heart[ncithesaurus:Left_Pulmonary_Vein]. EMAPA:37165 MA:0002207 NCIT:C48946 UMLS:C0226670 uberon UBERON:0009030 left pulmonary vein Vein that drains left lung and returns blood to the heart. A vein that returns oxygenated blood from the left lung to the left atrium of the heart[ncithesaurus:Left_Pulmonary_Vein]. ncithesaurus:Left_Pulmonary_Vein EMAPA:37165 MA:th UMLS:C0226670 ncithesaurus:Left_Pulmonary_Vein Vein that drains right lung and returns blood to the heart. A vein that returns oxygenated blood from the right lung to the left atrium of the heart[ncithesaurus:Right_Pulmonary_Vein]. EMAPA:37379 MA:0002208 NCIT:C48947 UMLS:C0226669 uberon UBERON:0009032 right pulmonary vein Vein that drains right lung and returns blood to the heart. A vein that returns oxygenated blood from the right lung to the left atrium of the heart[ncithesaurus:Right_Pulmonary_Vein]. ncithesaurus:Right_Pulmonary_Vein EMAPA:37379 MA:th UMLS:C0226669 ncithesaurus:Right_Pulmonary_Vein A vein that is part of a craniocervical region. EHDAA2:0004542 craniocervical vein head and neck veins vein of head and neck uberon UBERON:0009141 craniocervical region vein A vein that is part of a craniocervical region. OBOL:automatic head and neck veins EHDAA2:0004542 Sum total of mesenchyme in the embryo. consider adding new class (EMAPA:16097) for mesenchyme of embryo (some mesenchyme is extraembryonic - e.g. amnion mesoderm) UBERON:0003313 EHDAA2:0001113 EHDAA:177 EMAPA:16097 uberon UBERON:0009142 entire embryonic mesenchyme EHDAA2 Sum total of mesenchyme in the embryo. EMAPA:16549 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001454 pharyngeal region uberon UBERON:0009145 pharyngeal region of foregut EHDAA2 pharyngeal region EMAPA:16549 An ectoderm that is part of a buccopharyngeal membrane. EHDAA2:0000190 EMAPA:16260 uberon UBERON:0009479 ectoderm of buccopharyngeal membrane An ectoderm that is part of a buccopharyngeal membrane. OBOL:automatic An endoderm that is part of a buccopharyngeal membrane. EHDAA2:0000191 EMAPA:16261 uberon UBERON:0009480 endoderm of buccopharyngeal membrane An endoderm that is part of a buccopharyngeal membrane. OBOL:automatic A portion of mesenchymal tissue associated with an individual pharyngeal arch. this represents a part of the entire arch mesenchyme (UBERON:0010046), and is therefore a superclass of the individual arch mesenchyme classes. Alternate definition: primordial embryonic connective tissue associated with the branchial arches, consisting of mesenchymal cells supported in interlaminar jelly, that derive mostly from the mesoderm and contribute to facial and cranial nerve-associated structures. EMAPA:32755 FMA:295694 branchial arch mesenchyme pharyngeal arch mesenchyme uberon UBERON:0009494 pharyngeal arch mesenchymal region EHDAA2 cjm A portion of mesenchymal tissue associated with an individual pharyngeal arch. this represents a part of the entire arch mesenchyme (UBERON:0010046), and is therefore a superclass of the individual arch mesenchyme classes. Alternate definition: primordial embryonic connective tissue associated with the branchial arches, consisting of mesenchymal cells supported in interlaminar jelly, that derive mostly from the mesoderm and contribute to facial and cranial nerve-associated structures. MP:0011262 branchial arch mesenchyme MP:0011262 pharyngeal arch mesenchyme FMA:25054 region of trunk trunk subdivision uberon UBERON:0009569 subdivision of trunk region of trunk FMA:25054 trunk subdivision FMA:25054 EHDAA2:0001172 EMAPA:16977 VHOG:0000910 mantle layer lateral wall midbrain midbrain lateral wall mantle layer uberon mantle layer lateral wall mesencephalon UBERON:0009581 midbrain mantle layer mantle layer lateral wall midbrain VHOG:0000910 mantle layer lateral wall mesencephalon VHOG:0000910 EMAPA:17580 VHOG:0000911 mantle layer lateral wall spinal cord spinal cord lateral wall mantle layer uberon UBERON:0009583 spinal cord mantle layer mantle layer lateral wall spinal cord VHOG:0000911 Mesenchyme that is part of a 1st arch mandibular component. UBERON:0010043 EHDAA2:0000034 EMAPA:16385 mesenchymal region of mandibular component of first pharyngeal arch mesenchyme of mandibular component uberon mandibular component mesenchyme mandibular mesenchyme UBERON:0009584 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme EMAPA Mesenchyme that is part of a 1st arch mandibular component. OBOL:automatic mesenchymal region of mandibular component of first pharyngeal arch mesenchyme of mandibular component EMAPA:16385 Mesenchyme that is part of a developing left lung. EHDAA2:0000944 EMAPA:16730 EMAPA:17654 left lung mesenchyme uberon UBERON:0009602 left lung associated mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a developing left lung. OBOL:automatic left lung mesenchyme EMAPA:17654 Mesenchyme that is part of a developing right lung. EHDAA2:0001739 EMAPA:17662 right lung mesenchyme uberon UBERON:0009603 right lung associated mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a developing right lung. OBOL:automatic right lung mesenchyme EMAPA:17662 A neural plate that develops_from a presumptive midbrain. TAO:0007019 ZFA:0007019 uberon UBERON:0009611 midbrain neural plate ZFA ZFA A neural plate that develops_from a presumptive midbrain. OBOL:automatic A neural plate that develops_from a presumptive hindbrain. TAO:0007022 ZFA:0007022 uberon UBERON:0009614 hindbrain neural plate ZFA ZFA A neural plate that develops_from a presumptive hindbrain. OBOL:automatic TODO - developmental relationships for lines TAO:0007044 ZFA:0007044 MHB neural plate midbrain-hindbrain boundary neural plate uberon UBERON:0009615 midbrain hindbrain boundary neural plate ZFA https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/438 Bgee:AN MHB neural plate midbrain-hindbrain boundary neural plate ZFA:0007044 A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a midbrain. TODO - unify naming conventions BAMS:MES EFO:0003432 EHDAA2:0000615 EMAPA:16140 TAO:0000148 ZFA:0000148 presumptive mesencephalon uberon early midbrain future midbrain mesencephalon UBERON:0009616 presumptive midbrain ZFA ZFA A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a midbrain. OBOL:automatic presumptive mesencephalon ZFA:0000148 early midbrain future midbrain mesencephalon EHDAA2:0000615 EHDAA2:0002094 trunk and cervical paraxial mesenchyme uberon trunk paraxial mesenchyme UBERON:0009618 trunk paraxial mesoderm trunk and cervical paraxial mesenchyme EHDAA2:0002094 trunk paraxial mesenchyme EMAPA:37092 MA:0001987 NCIT:C52947 UMLS:C1708633 labial artery uberon UBERON:0009657 artery of lip EMAPA:37092 MA:th UMLS:C1708633 ncithesaurus:Labial_Artery labial artery MA:0001987 An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a stomodeum. lumen of stomatodaeum lumen of stomodeum stomatodeal cavity uberon UBERON:0009715 stomodeal lumen An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a stomodeum. OBOL:automatic EHDAA2:0004621 EMAPA:32754 FMA:293087 uberon pharyngeal arch endoderm UBERON:0009722 entire pharyngeal arch endoderm pharyngeal arch endoderm EHDAA2:0004621 The embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the developing cardiac structures decide whether to merge with cardiac mesoderm. In EHDAA2 this lasts CS12->unbounded, includes mesenchyme of individual components as parts EHDAA2:0004162 EMAPA:36438 heart mesenchyme uberon UBERON:0009751 cardiac mesenchyme The embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the developing cardiac structures MP:0011264 heart mesenchyme EMAPA:36438 The many-lobed berry cluster of cells that is the terminous of a gland where the secretion is produced is acinar in form. acinar acinus FMA:55588 uberon acini UBERON:0009842 glandular acinus The many-lobed berry cluster of cells that is the terminous of a gland where the secretion is produced is acinar in form. acinus FMA:55588 acini Branch or outpocketing of the digestive tract. FBbt:00100316 uberon diverticulum of gut intestinal pouch UBERON:0009854 digestive tract diverticulum Branch or outpocketing of the digestive tract. diverticulum of gut FBbt:00100316 galen:Diverticulum pouch uberon diverticulum UBERON:0009856 sac EFO:0003704 TAO:0005041 ZFA:0005041 ALPM uberon UBERON:0009881 anterior lateral plate mesoderm ZFA ALPM ZFA:0005041 Mesenchyme that is part of a developing face. EMAPA:35337 FMA:302884 face mesenchyme mesenchyme of face uberon UBERON:0009891 facial mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a developing face. OBOL:automatic EHDAA2:0001315 EHDAA:1122 uberon UBERON:0009920 optic neural crest EHDAA2 A multicellular organism that existence_starts_with a post-embryonic stage. MA:0002405 postnatal organism TS28 mouse post-hatching organism post-natal organism postnatal mouse uberon UBERON:0009953 post-embryonic organism A multicellular organism that existence_starts_with a post-embryonic stage. OBOL:automatic TS28 mouse MA:0002405 post-hatching organism post-natal organism postnatal mouse MA:0002405 An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part. CARO:0010000 FBbt:00100313 multicellular structure uberon UBERON:0010000 multicellular anatomical structure CARO An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part. CARO:0010000 multicellular structure FBbt:00100313 Mesenchyme that is part of a pharyngeal arch 6. EHDAA2:0004076 EMAPA:32765 FMA:318209 6th pharyngeal arch mesenchyme uberon 6th branchial arch mesenchyme pharyngeal arch 6 mesenchyme UBERON:0010031 6th arch mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a pharyngeal arch 6. OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that is part of a pharyngeal arch 1. EMAPA:16128 mesenchyme of 1st arch uberon UBERON:0010042 1st arch mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a pharyngeal arch 1. OBOL:automatic mesenchyme of 1st arch EMAPA:16128 The sum total of mesenchymal tissue in the pharyngeal arch region. Pharyngeal mesenchyme is undifferentiated, loose connective tissue derived mostly from mesoderm, and also contains ectodermally derived neural crest cells. EHDAA2:0001459 EMAPA:16550 XAO:0004524 associated mesenchyme of pharyngeal region entire branchial arch associated mesenchyme pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme uberon UBERON:0010046 entire pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme EHDAA2 EHDAA2 cjm The sum total of mesenchymal tissue in the pharyngeal arch region. Pharyngeal mesenchyme is undifferentiated, loose connective tissue derived mostly from mesoderm, and also contains ectodermally derived neural crest cells. XAO:0004524 associated mesenchyme of pharyngeal region EMAPA:16550 entire branchial arch associated mesenchyme pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme EHDAA2:0001459 Gland of the epithelium lining the oral cavity. The most common are the salivary glands. Note that Kardong classifies lacrimal glands here. EHDAA2 includes pituitary primordium, as this develops from oral mucosa UBERON:0003293 EHDAA2:0001327 EHDAA:2181 EMAPA:16572 EMAPA:16723 VHOG:0000652 buccal gland uberon gland of oral opening gland of oral region mouth gland oral cavity gland oral region gland UBERON:0010047 oral gland Gland of the epithelium lining the oral cavity. The most common are the salivary glands. ISBN:0073040584 Note that Kardong classifies lacrimal glands here. EHDAA2 includes pituitary primordium, as this develops from oral mucosa EHDAA2 An epithelium consisting of cuboidal epithelial cells. TODO - coordinate with CL, add cuboidal cell in NCIT this is glandular NCIT:C32415 UMLS:C0682577 uberon UBERON:0010077 cuboidal epithelium An epithelium consisting of cuboidal epithelial cells. in NCIT this is glandular NCIT UMLS:C0682577 ncithesaurus:Cuboidal_Epithelium Mesenchyme that has the potential to develop into a dermis. check development EHDAA2:0000598 uberon UBERON:0010083 future dermis EHDAA2 EHDAA2 XAO Mesenchyme that has the potential to develop into a dermis. OBOL:automatic A developing anatomical structure that has the potential to develop into a myelencephalon. EHDAA2:0000640 uberon UBERON:0010096 future myelencephalon A developing anatomical structure that has the potential to develop into a myelencephalon. OBOL:automatic An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a blood vessel. FMA:312610 blood vessel lumen uberon UBERON:0010161 lumen of blood vessel An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a blood vessel. OBOL:automatic A roughly circular bulge in a surface. requires review AEO:0000205 EHDAA2:0003250 FMA:82506 uberon UBERON:0010188 protuberance FMA A roughly circular bulge in a surface. EHDAA2:0003250 An anatomical boundary that corresponds to some physical discontinuity. CARO:0001004 uberon UBERON:0010199 One might argue that all boundaries are actually fiat in the sense that there must be some fiat element at a fine enough scale of granularity. This ontology choses to ignore this issue as below the level of granularity relevant to anatomy. (DOS121102) bona-fide anatomical boundary CARO An anatomical boundary that corresponds to some physical discontinuity. CARO:0001004 The core globe-shaped component of the camera-type eye. See notes for camera-type eye FMA:12513 MIAA:0000283 VHOG:0001616 bulbus oculi eye globe eyeball uberon eye globe UBERON:0010230 eyeball of camera-type eye FMA The core globe-shaped component of the camera-type eye. UBERON:cjm eye globe VHOG:0001616 eyeball FMA:12513 eye globe HP:0100886 MIAA:0000283 Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0000037 uberon UBERON:0010252 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme from neural crest inferred Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 6th arch mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0004077 neural crest derived arch 6 mesenchyme pharyngeal arch 6 mesenchyme from neural crest uberon branchial arch 6 mesenchyme from neural crest UBERON:0010257 6th arch mesenchyme from neural crest Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 6th arch mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that develops_from a rhombencephalon neural crest. EHDAA2:0004423 uberon UBERON:0010258 mesenchyme from rhombencephalic neural crest Mesenchyme that develops_from a rhombencephalon neural crest. OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 1st arch mesenchyme. EMAPA:16129 mesenchyme derived from neural crest of mesenchyme of 1st arch neural crest derived arch 1 mesenchyme pharyngeal arch 1 mesenchyme from neural crest uberon branchial arch 1 mesenchyme from neural crest UBERON:0010259 1st arch mesenchyme from neural crest Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 1st arch mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic mesenchyme derived from neural crest of mesenchyme of 1st arch EMAPA:16129 Portion of tissue that is dorsolateral to the floor plate and part of the midbrain. DHBA:12322 EFO:0003567 EHDAA2:0004375 TAO:0000761 ZFA:0000761 basal plate midbrain basal plate midbrain region uberon UBERON:0010285 midbrain basal plate EHDAA2 EHDAA2 ZFA Portion of tissue that is dorsolateral to the floor plate and part of the midbrain. ZFA:0000761 basal plate midbrain TAO:0000761 basal plate midbrain region ZFA:0000761 Portion of neural tube that gives rise to the midbrain. we follow ZFA in temporally dividing midbrain NT from presumptive midbrain, but in future this may be collapsed TAO:0007039 ZFA:0007039 uberon UBERON:0010286 midbrain neural tube ZFA Portion of neural tube that gives rise to the midbrain. ZFA:0007039 . uberon UBERON:0010291 layer of sclera cjm . An endothelium that is part of a sclera. uberon UBERON:0010294 scleral endothelium Wikipedia An endothelium that is part of a sclera. OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme surrounding the developing optic cup which develops into the sclera. The mesenchyme surrounding the developing optic cup differentiates into the sclera, the dense fibrous coat of the eye.. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16496288 uberon UBERON:0010299 scleral mesenchyme Mesenchyme surrounding the developing optic cup which develops into the sclera. An epithelium that is part of a extraembryonic structure. extra-embryonic epithelium uberon UBERON:0010303 extraembryonic epithelium An epithelium that is part of a extraembryonic structure. OBOL:automatic Developing anatomical structure that develops into the eyeball and associated structures. Multi-tissue structure that consists of the structures that develop into the retina and lens.[TAO] TAO:0002201 ZFA:0001678 future eye uberon UBERON:0010312 immature eye definitional Developing anatomical structure that develops into the eyeball and associated structures. ZFA:0001678 Multi-tissue structure that consists of the structures that develop into the retina and lens.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0002201 TAO ZFIN:curator An anatomical structure that develops from the neural crest. Grouping term for query purposes uberon UBERON:0010313 neural crest-derived structure An anatomical structure that develops from the neural crest. An anatomical structure that has some part that develops from the neural crest. Grouping term for query purposes uberon UBERON:0010314 structure with developmental contribution from neural crest An anatomical structure that has some part that develops from the neural crest. uberon UBERON:0010316 germ layer / neural crest A skeletal element that is part of a orbital region. uberon eye skeleton ocular skeleton skeletal element of orbital region UBERON:0010321 skeletal element of eye region A skeletal element that is part of a orbital region. OBOL:automatic Skeletal subdivision of the head including skull (cranium plus mandible), pharyngeal and/or hyoid apparatus. we use 'cranial skeletal system', so that we can include the skull, which has joints/sutures as parts (recall, we follow FMA in distinguishing between the skeleton and skeletal system - only the latter includes joints) that the cranial skeleton includes the pharyngeal arch skeleton. It is thus more inclusive that the cranium itself, and extends beyond the head in tetrapods. The AAO class called 'skull' belongs here, as it includes the whole splanchnocranium Bony structure that encases the central nervous system and the primary sense organs of sight, olfaction, hearing, and equilibrium.[AAO] Skeletal system which is part of the skull, including the splanchnocranium, chondrocranium, and dermatocranium.[TAO] AAO:0000109 AAO:0000971 AAO:0010185 TAO:0000737 VSAO:0000049 XAO:0003075 ZFA:0000737 cranial skeleton osteocranium uberon cranium UBERON:0010323 cranial skeletal system Skeletal subdivision of the head including skull (cranium plus mandible), pharyngeal and/or hyoid apparatus. GO_REF:0000034 PSPUB:0000170 VSAO:0000049 Bony structure that encases the central nervous system and the primary sense organs of sight, olfaction, hearing, and equilibrium.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000109 AAO AAO:LAP Skeletal system which is part of the skull, including the splanchnocranium, chondrocranium, and dermatocranium.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000737 TAO ZFIN:curator cranium ZFA:0000737 Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a mandibular process mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0004603 uberon UBERON:0010336 mandibular process mesenchyme from neural crest EHDAA2 Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a mandibular process mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a mandibular process mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0004604 uberon UBERON:0010337 mandibular process mesenchyme from head mesenchyme EHDAA2 Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a mandibular process mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0000036 uberon UBERON:0010339 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme from head mesenchyme Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 1st arch mesenchyme. EMAPA:16130 mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm of mesenchyme of 1st arch uberon UBERON:0010341 1st arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 1st arch mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm of mesenchyme of 1st arch EMAPA:16130 Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 6th arch mesenchyme. EHDAA2:0004078 head mesenchyme derived arch 6 mesenchyme pharyngeal arch 6 mesenchyme from head mesenchyme uberon branchial arch 6 mesenchyme from head mesenchyme UBERON:0010347 6th arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 6th arch mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a entire pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme. arch mesenchyme from neural crest branchial arch mesenchyme from neural crest neural crest derived arch mesenchyme uberon UBERON:0010359 Partially implements https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest NC meeting scheme pharyngeal arch mesenchyme from neural crest Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a entire pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a entire pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme. arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme branchial arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme head mesenchyme derived arch mesenchyme uberon UBERON:0010360 Partially implements https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest NC meeting scheme pharyngeal arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a entire pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme. OBOL:automatic Epithelium composed of cells that develops from the ectoderm[FMA,modified]. FMA:69064 ectoderm-derived epithelium uberon UBERON:0010371 ecto-epithelium Epithelium composed of cells that develops from the ectoderm[FMA,modified]. FMA:69064 Mesenchyme that develops_from a splanchnopleure. EHDAA2:0001122 uberon UBERON:0010378 mesenchyme from splanchnopleure EHDAA2 EHDAA2 Mesenchyme that develops_from a splanchnopleure. OBOL:automatic The integrated unit (of the eye) that consists of the conjunctiva, the corneal surface, and the ocular mucosal adnexa including the lid margins and the meibomian gland openings, the lacrimal glands and the lacrimal drainage system, all which are critical to maintain ocular surface integrity and provide protection from external antigens and pathogenic microorganisms. EMAPA:35336 MA:0002486 eye surface eye surface region ocular surface uberon UBERON:0010409 ocular surface region The integrated unit (of the eye) that consists of the conjunctiva, the corneal surface, and the ocular mucosal adnexa including the lid margins and the meibomian gland openings, the lacrimal glands and the lacrimal drainage system, all which are critical to maintain ocular surface integrity and provide protection from external antigens and pathogenic microorganisms. MP:0013754 eye surface MA:0002486 The ciliary processes are formed by the inward folding of the various layers of the choroid, i.e. , the choroid proper and the lamina basalis, and are received between corresponding foldings of the suspensory ligament of the lens. FMA:76551 ciliary processes ciliary processes set processus ciliares set of ciliary processes uberon ciliary process processus ciliares UBERON:0010427 ciliary processes The ciliary processes are formed by the inward folding of the various layers of the choroid, i.e. , the choroid proper and the lamina basalis, and are received between corresponding foldings of the suspensory ligament of the lens. ciliary processes FMA:76551 ciliary processes set FMA:76551 processus ciliares FMA:TA set of ciliary processes FMA:76551 ciliary process processus ciliares A simple columnar epithelium that looks stratified but is not, because its cells are arranged with their nuclei at different levels. Pseudostratified epithelia function in secretion or absorption. If a specimen looks stratified but has cilia, then it is a pseudostratified ciliated epithelium, since stratified epithelia do not have cilia. glandular in NCIT; we consider the two NCIT terms synonymous FMA:45572 NCIT:C33419 NCIT:C49316 UMLS:C0836138 UMLS:C1514590 uberon UBERON:0010498 pseudostratified columnar epithelium FMA A simple columnar epithelium that looks stratified but is not, because its cells are arranged with their nuclei at different levels. glandular in NCIT; we consider the two NCIT terms synonymous NCIT UMLS:C0836138 ncithesaurus:Pseudostratified_Columnar_Epithelium UMLS:C1514590 ncithesaurus:Pseudostratified_Epithelium Epithelium composed of a single layer of cells, appearing as layered because the column-shaped cells vary in height so the nuclei are at different levels. The basal portions of all the cells are in contact with the basement membrane. It lines the respiratory system and the male reproductive tract. The cilia in the respiratory tract are motile, while the stereocilia in the male reproductive tract are immobile. FMA:13146 NCIT:C13181 UMLS:C0506992 epithelium pseudostratificatum columnare ciliatum (trachea et bronchi) uberon UBERON:0010499 pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium Epithelium composed of a single layer of cells, appearing as layered because the column-shaped cells vary in height so the nuclei are at different levels. The basal portions of all the cells are in contact with the basement membrane. It lines the respiratory system and the male reproductive tract. The cilia in the respiratory tract are motile, while the stereocilia in the male reproductive tract are immobile. NCIT:NCIT UMLS:C0506992 ncithesaurus:Pseudostratified_Columnar_Ciliated_Epithelium epithelium pseudostratificatum columnare ciliatum (trachea et bronchi) FMA:13146 A vessel of the microcirculature, lying between the arterioles and venules; includes capillaries (blood and lymphatic), metarterioles and arteriovenous anastomoses. MESH:A07.231.432 TAO:0005251 ZFA:0005251 uberon microcirculatory vessels UBERON:0010523 microcirculatory vessel ZFA A vessel of the microcirculature, lying between the arterioles and venules; includes capillaries (blood and lymphatic), metarterioles and arteriovenous anastomoses. MESH:A07.231.432 ZFA:0005251 microcirculatory vessels TAO:0005251 Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements (i.e. bone elements, cartilage elements, cartilage condensations) that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. Excludes joints. Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements that are part of the skeleton.[VSAO] FMA:23879 VSAO:0000042 skeletal subdivision uberon subdivision of skeleton (in vivo) UBERON:0010912 subdivision of skeleton cjm UBERONREF:0000003 VSAO Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements (i.e. bone elements, cartilage elements, cartilage condensations) that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. Excludes joints. UBERONREF:0000003 Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements that are part of the skeleton.[VSAO] 2012-08-14 VSAO:0000042 incorrect VSAO VSAO:curator skeletal subdivision VSAO:0000042 subdivision of skeleton (in vivo) FMA:23879 Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by ligaments or fibrocartilage without an intervening synovial cavity. Examples: sagittal suture, inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis, costochondral joint, pubic symphysis. FMA:7491 solid joint uberon UBERON:0011134 nonsynovial joint FMA Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by ligaments or fibrocartilage without an intervening synovial cavity. Examples: sagittal suture, inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis, costochondral joint, pubic symphysis. FMA:7491 solid joint FMA:7491 Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the axial skeleton plus associated joints. FMA:7483 uberon UBERON:0011137 axial skeletal system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/The-axial-skeleton FMA Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the axial skeleton plus associated joints. Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the postcranial axial skeleton plus associated joints. axial skeletal system FMA:302077 post-cranial axial skeletal system uberon UBERON:0011138 postcranial axial skeletal system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/The-axial-skeleton FMA cjm Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the postcranial axial skeleton plus associated joints. axial skeletal system Subdivision of skull that consists of the facial bones. EHDAA2:0002206 EHDAA:8361 EMAPA:18022 FMA:53673 MA:0000318 facial skeleton uberon facial bone ossa facialia ossa faciei viscerocranium UBERON:0011156 facial skeleton FMA FMA Subdivision of skull that consists of the facial bones. MP:0005274 facial skeleton FMA:53673 facial bone MA:0000318 ossa facialia ossa faciei viscerocranium MA:0000318 The skull can be divided into two: the neurocranium and the facial skeleton FMA:54964 skull subdivision subdivision of skull uberon UBERON:0011158 primary subdivision of skull FMA The skull can be divided into two: the neurocranium and the facial skeleton skull subdivision FMA:54964 subdivision of skull FMA:54964 uberon UBERON:0011159 primary subdivision of cranial skeletal system FMA A multi cell part structure that is part of a central nervous system. FMA:83143 cell part cluster of neuraxis neuraxis layer uberon UBERON:0011215 central nervous system cell part cluster A multi cell part structure that is part of a central nervous system. OBOL:automatic cell part cluster of neuraxis FMA:83143 neuraxis layer FMA:83143 A subdivision of an anatomical system. FBbt:00007330 FMA:67509 uberon UBERON:0011216 organ system subdivision FBbt A subdivision of an anatomical system. Muscles within the eye (bulbus oculi).[AAO] AAO:0010038 EMAPA:18808 FMA:49150 intrinsic muscle of eyeball intrinsic ocular muscle uberon UBERON:0011222 intra-ocular muscle EMAPA Muscles within the eye (bulbus oculi).[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010038 AAO AAO:EJS intrinsic ocular muscle EMAPA:18808 The part of the trunk that is in the dorsum[cjm]. In humans, the subdivision of trunk which is demarcated from the trunk proper by the external surface of the posterolateral part of the rib cage, the anterior surface of the thoracic vertebral column and the posterior axillary lines, the external surface of the posterior abdominal wall; together with the trunk proper, it constitutes the trunk[FMA] EMAPA:35162 FMA:25056 MA:0000020 back of trunk dorsal part of trunk dorsum of trunk trunk back uberon UBERON:0011270 dorsal trunk FMA FMA The part of the trunk that is in the dorsum[cjm]. UBERONREF:0000006 back of trunk FMA:25056 dorsum of trunk FMA:25056 trunk back FMA:25056 compare with 'stratum basale of epidermis'. This class is the source for many adult structures - see WP2062. See also: 'enveloping layer of ectoderm' EHDAA2:0001845 uberon basal cell layer of skin outer epithelium of body UBERON:0011272 embryonic skin basal layer EHDAA2 EHDAA2 EHDAA2 outer epithelium of body Wikipathways:WP2062 A blood vasculature that is part of a head. Blood vessel part of cranial vasculature.[TAO] TAO:0005297 ZFA:0005297 cranial blood vessel set of blood vessels of head uberon cranial blood vessels UBERON:0011362 cranial blood vasculature A blood vasculature that is part of a head. OBOL:automatic Blood vessel part of cranial vasculature.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0005297 TAO ZFIN:curator cranial blood vessel ZFA:0005297 cranial blood vessels TAO:0005297 Anatomical structure that is an aggregation of similar cells from which cartilages and bones form, and from which chondrogenesis and osteogenesis are initiated during repair and/or regeneration. (Hall and Miyake 1995). consider obsoleting, coordinate with VSAO VSAO:0000006 XAO:0004021 uberon UBERON:0011585 cell condensation VSAO Anatomical structure that is an aggregation of similar cells from which cartilages and bones form, and from which chondrogenesis and osteogenesis are initiated during repair and/or regeneration. (Hall and Miyake 1995). GO_REF:0000034 PSPUB:0000170 VSAO:0000006 A subdivision of the head that corresponds to the jaw skeleton, containing both soft tissue, skeleton and teeth (when present). The jaw region is divided into upper and lower regions. EMAPA:32905 NCIT:C114916 uberon UBERON:0011595 jaw region http://eol.org/collections/11578 EMAPA FMA-abduced ZFA-abduced A subdivision of the head that corresponds to the jaw skeleton, containing both soft tissue, skeleton and teeth (when present). The jaw region is divided into upper and lower regions. EHDAA2:0001020 lower jaw future lip uberon UBERON:0011596 future lower lip EHDAA2 lower jaw future lip EHDAA2:0001020 An epithelium that develops_from a ectoderm and is part of a oral epithelium. EHDAA2:0004137 uberon UBERON:0011642 oral epithelium from ectoderm EHDAA2 EHDAA2 An epithelium that develops_from a ectoderm and is part of a oral epithelium. OBOL:automatic A major subdivision of an organism that divides an organism along its main body axis (typically anterio-posterior axis). In vertebrates, this is based on the vertebral column. Ideally this would be disjoint with analagous class for appendicular axes, but currently 'appendages' like antennae, horns cause a problem axial subdivision of organism uberon body segment main body segment UBERON:0011676 subdivision of organism along main body axis A major subdivision of an organism that divides an organism along its main body axis (typically anterio-posterior axis). In vertebrates, this is based on the vertebral column. A cardiovascular system that is part of a conceptus. EHDAA2:0000216 FMA:305965 NCIT:C34148 conceptus cardiovascular system uberon embryonic circulatory system fetal circulatory system UBERON:0011695 embryonic cardiovascular system A cardiovascular system that is part of a conceptus. OBOL:automatic Ectodermal placode that does not develop into a component of the nervous system. uberon UBERON:0011814 non-neurogenic ectodermal placode cjm Ectodermal placode that does not develop into a component of the nervous system. Connective tissue, which consists of a population of connective tissue cells, the intercellular matrix of which contains an irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, mucoid tissue, connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium. FMA:20107 uberon UBERON:0011821 irregular connective tissue FMA Connective tissue, which consists of a population of connective tissue cells, the intercellular matrix of which contains an irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, mucoid tissue, connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium. FMA:20107 Irregular connective tissue is an irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a dense irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium. Tissue characterized by a thick, random arrangement of collagen and elastin fibers with very few cells. The majority of the cells are fibroblasts, but mast cells and macrophages may also be seen. It is found in the dermis, periosteum, perichondrium, capsules of organs and sheaths of nerves and muscles[NCIT] FMA:20109 NCIT:C32882 UMLS:C0738366 irregular dense connective tissue typus irregularis (textus connectivus collagenosus compactus) uberon UBERON:0011822 dense irregular connective tissue FMA Irregular connective tissue is an irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a dense irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium. FMA:20109 Tissue characterized by a thick, random arrangement of collagen and elastin fibers with very few cells. The majority of the cells are fibroblasts, but mast cells and macrophages may also be seen. It is found in the dermis, periosteum, perichondrium, capsules of organs and sheaths of nerves and muscles[NCIT] 2012-08-29 ncithesaurus:Irregular_Dense_Connective_Tissue NCIT UMLS:C0738366 ncithesaurus:Irregular_Dense_Connective_Tissue typus irregularis (textus connectivus collagenosus compactus) FMA:20109 Dense connective tissue is mainly composed of collagen type I. Crowded between the collagen fibers are rows of fibroblasts, fiber-forming cells, that manufacture the fibers. Dense connective tissue forms strong, rope-like structures such as tendons and ligaments. Tendons attach skeletal muscles to bones; ligaments connect bones to bones at joints. Ligaments are more stretchy and contain more elastic fibers than tendons. Dense connective tissue also make up the lower layers of the skin (dermis), where it is arranged in sheets our OWL definition states that this is differentiated from other connective tissue types by virtue of the fact that the collage fiber component predominates, as opposed to cells and fluid. Connective tissue in which the fibrous component predominates. The cells, ground substance, and tissue fluid represent a minor component[NCIT] AAO:0000121 NCIT:C32450 UMLS:C1511770 uberon UBERON:0011823 dense connective tissue Dense connective tissue is mainly composed of collagen type I. Crowded between the collagen fibers are rows of fibroblasts, fiber-forming cells, that manufacture the fibers. Dense connective tissue forms strong, rope-like structures such as tendons and ligaments. Tendons attach skeletal muscles to bones; ligaments connect bones to bones at joints. Ligaments are more stretchy and contain more elastic fibers than tendons. Dense connective tissue also make up the lower layers of the skin (dermis), where it is arranged in sheets Connective tissue in which the fibrous component predominates. The cells, ground substance, and tissue fluid represent a minor component[NCIT] 2012-08-29 ncithesaurus:Dense_Connective_Tissue NCIT UMLS:C1511770 ncithesaurus:Dense_Connective_Tissue FMA:75634 uberon UBERON:0011824 fibrous connective tissue FMA Irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a sparse irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, neuroglial tissue, mucoid tissue. FMA:19783 NCIT:C33007 UMLS:C1253917 textus connectivus collagenosus laxus textus connectivus laxus uberon UBERON:0011825 loose connective tissue FMA Irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a sparse irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, neuroglial tissue, mucoid tissue. FMA:19783 UMLS:C1253917 ncithesaurus:Loose_Connective_Tissue textus connectivus collagenosus laxus FMA:19783 FMA:TA textus connectivus laxus FMA:19783 FMA:TA An acinus that is part of a exocrine gland. exocrine gland acinus uberon UBERON:0011858 acinus of exocrine gland An acinus that is part of a exocrine gland. OBOL:automatic the FMA class specifically refers to ureter FMA:63212 MESH:D024022 NCIT:C32339 NIF_Subcellular:sao7547390221 uberon UBERON:0011860 collection of collagen fibrils ZFA the FMA class specifically refers to ureter FMA The connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of pulmonary tissue that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity uberon UBERON:0011862 pulmonary collagen fibril The connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of pulmonary tissue that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity MP:0011641 Front (ventral) portion of the vascular, pigmentary, or middle coat of the eye, including the ciliary body and the iris. EMAPA:37417 Haller tunica vascula anterior part of uveal tract anterior uveal tract anterior vascular layer of the eyeball anterior vascular tunic of the eye tunica vasculosa bulbosa ventral uveal tract uberon ciliary body and iris vasculosa oculi UBERON:0011892 anterior uvea ZFA MP lexical Front (ventral) portion of the vascular, pigmentary, or middle coat of the eye, including the ciliary body and the iris. MP:0005194 EMAPA:37417 MA:th Haller tunica vascula MP:0005194 tunica vasculosa bulbosa MP:0005194 vasculosa oculi MP:0005194 The aggregate of the coelemic cavity lumen plus the membranes that line the lumen. EHDAA2 distingsuishes between the lumen, the lining, and the 'coelomic cavity', which despire it's name, is not a space - it is the aggregate of space plus lining. coelomic EHDAA2:0004731 enterocoelom haemocoelom schizocoelom uberon coelem coelomic cavity UBERON:0011997 coelom EHDAA2 The aggregate of the coelemic cavity lumen plus the membranes that line the lumen. UBERON:cjm enterocoelom NCBITaxon:33511 coelomic cavity EHDAA2:0004731 Anatomical system that consists of the integumental system plus all mucosae and submucosae. uberon dermatological system UBERON:0012125 dermatological-muscosal system Anatomical system that consists of the integumental system plus all mucosae and submucosae. dermatological system OBI:MC A zone of skin that is part of a craniocervical region. EMAPA:37276 MA:0000574 NCIT:C12294 UMLS:C1522650 uberon UBERON:0012180 head or neck skin A zone of skin that is part of a craniocervical region. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:37276 MA:th UMLS:C1522650 ncithesaurus:Skin_of_the_Scalp_and_Neck An epithelium that consists of columnar epithelial cells. Columnar epithelia are epithelial cells whose heights are at least four times their width. Columnar epithelia are divided into simple (or unilayered), and the rarer stratified (or multi-layered).[WP, modified] uberon UBERON:0012274 columnar epithelium An epithelium that consists of columnar epithelial cells. Columnar epithelia are epithelial cells whose heights are at least four times their width. Columnar epithelia are divided into simple (or unilayered), and the rarer stratified (or multi-layered).[WP, modified] Epithelium that derives from the mesoderm. [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:86452 mesoderm-derived epithelium mesoepithelium uberon UBERON:0012275 meso-epithelium Epithelium that derives from the mesoderm. [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic One of five swellings formed during the development of the face FMA:293103 uberon embryonic facial process facial primordium primordium of face UBERON:0012314 embryonic facial prominence One of five swellings formed during the development of the face An artery of the neck EMAPA:37075 NCIT:C52850 UMLS:C1707349 uberon UBERON:0012320 cervical artery An artery of the neck EMAPA:37075 MA:th UMLS:C1707349 ncithesaurus:Cervical_Artery The deep cervical artery (Profunda cervicalis) is an artery of the neck. FMA:10659 uberon profunda cervicalis UBERON:0012321 deep cervical artery FMA The deep cervical artery (Profunda cervicalis) is an artery of the neck. profunda cervicalis EMAPA:37567 MA:0001802 uberon UBERON:0012416 respiratory system arterial smooth muscle EMAPA:37567 MA:th A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system venous blood vessel. EMAPA:37586 MA:0001812 uberon UBERON:0012418 respiratory system venous smooth muscle A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system venous blood vessel. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:37586 MA:th The sclera and cornea form the fibrous tunic of the bulb of the eye; the sclera is opaque, and constitutes the posterior five-sixths of the tunic; the cornea is transparent, and forms the anterior sixth. tunica fibrosa FMA:58102 fibrous layer of eyeball uberon corneosclera fibrous tunic UBERON:0012430 tunica fibrosa of eyeball FMA The sclera and cornea form the fibrous tunic of the bulb of the eye; the sclera is opaque, and constitutes the posterior five-sixths of the tunic; the cornea is transparent, and forms the anterior sixth. fibrous layer of eyeball FMA:58102 corneosclera fibrous tunic EHDAA2:0000472 EMAPA:16054 VHOG:0000767 uberon extraembryonic cavities UBERON:0012466 extraembryonic cavity extraembryonic cavities EHDAA2:0000472 An anatomical space with no opening to another space or to the exterior. AEO:0000222 closed anatomical space uberon UBERON:0012467 enclosed anatomical space An anatomical space with no opening to another space or to the exterior. AEO:0000222 A vein that drains a lip. labial vein of face lip vein vena labialis uberon labial vein UBERON:0013136 vein of lip FMA A vein that drains a lip. OBOL:automatic lip vein OBOL:automatic vena labialis Any vein within the general circulation that transports blood back to the right atrium of the heart. FMA:66644 NCIT:C33719 UMLS:C0447117 systemic venous tree organ part uberon UBERON:0013140 systemic vein Any vein within the general circulation that transports blood back to the right atrium of the heart. ncithesaurus:Systemic_Vein UMLS:C0447117 ncithesaurus:Systemic_Vein systemic venous tree organ part FMA:66644 The secretory unit of a serous gland. The acinar portion is composed of serous secreting cells. FMA:86279 acinus of serous gland uberon UBERON:0013232 serous acinus The secretory unit of a serous gland. The acinar portion is composed of serous secreting cells. Anatomical cavity that is the lumen of the skull and contains the brain. EMAPA:37497 FMA:9644 MA:0003061 NCIT:C77638 UMLS:C0230041 cavitas cranii uberon intracranial cavity intracranial space UBERON:0013411 cranial cavity Wikipedia Anatomical cavity that is the lumen of the skull and contains the brain. UBERON:cjm EMAPA:37497 MA:th UMLS:C0230041 ncithesaurus:Cranial_Cavity cavitas cranii FMA:9644 FMA:TA intracranial cavity intracranial space A blood vessel endothelium that is part of a lung [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0004128 CALOHA:TS-0573 uberon respiratory endothelium UBERON:0013479 lung endothelium A blood vessel endothelium that is part of a lung [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic respiratory endothelium BTO:0004128 The space that surrounds an organism. external to organism outside of body uberon UBERON:0013514 space surrounding organism The space that surrounds an organism. uberon UBERON:0013522 subdivision of tube 2 2 An anatomical space which is the lumen of some anatomical conduit and connects two or more spaces together[FMA,modified]. FMA:9338 foramen space uberon UBERON:0013686 anatomical conduit space FMA An anatomical space which is the lumen of some anatomical conduit and connects two or more spaces together[FMA,modified]. FMA:9338 Vascular endothelium found in blood vessels of the blood-brain-barrier. BTO:0001852 BTO:0003248 CALOHA:TS-0092 uberon cerebromicrovascular endothelium UBERON:0013694 brain endothelium Vascular endothelium found in blood vessels of the blood-brain-barrier. CALOHA:TS-0092 cerebromicrovascular endothelium CALOHA:TS-0092 Musculature of the head and neck, spine, and ribs. EHDAA2:0000159 EMAPA:18166 uberon UBERON:0013700 axial musculature Musculature of the head and neck, spine, and ribs. HP:0003327 A principle subdivision of an organism that includes all structures along the primary axis, typically the anterior-posterior axis, from head to tail, including structures of the body proper where present (for example, ribs), but excluding appendages. uberon UBERON:0013701 main body axis A principle subdivision of an organism that includes all structures along the primary axis, typically the anterior-posterior axis, from head to tail, including structures of the body proper where present (for example, ribs), but excluding appendages. The region of the organism associated with the visceral organs. Cardinal body part, which consists of a maximal set of diverse subclasses of organ and organ part spatially associated with the vertebral column and ribcage. Examples: There is only one body proper[FMA:231424]. AEO:0000103 BTO:0001489 EMAPA:36031 FMA:231424 uberon body whole body UBERON:0013702 body proper AEO The region of the organism associated with the visceral organs. AEO:0000103 Cardinal body part, which consists of a maximal set of diverse subclasses of organ and organ part spatially associated with the vertebral column and ribcage. Examples: There is only one body proper[FMA:231424]. FMA:231424 body AEO:0000103 whole body BTO:0001489 A tubular passage that extends from the primitive pit into the head process during the early stages of embryonic development in mammals. It perforates the splanchnopleure layer so that the yolk sac and the amnion are connected temporarily. FMA:293127 NCIT:C34230 UMLS:C1518428 uberon chordal canal UBERON:0013704 notochordal canal A tubular passage that extends from the primitive pit into the head process during the early stages of embryonic development in mammals. It perforates the splanchnopleure layer so that the yolk sac and the amnion are connected temporarily. UMLS:C1518428 ncithesaurus:Notochordal_Canal Fluid contained within the notochordal canal notochord fluid portion of notochordal fluid uberon UBERON:0013727 Distinct feature of coelocanths notochordal fluid Fluid contained within the notochordal canal A organ component layer that is part of a integumental system. layer of skin skin layer uberon UBERON:0013754 integumentary system layer A organ component layer that is part of a integumental system. OBOL:automatic A blood that is part of a artery. FMA:83066 arterial blood blood in artery portion of arterial blood uberon UBERON:0013755 arterial blood A blood that is part of a artery. OBOL:automatic arterial blood FMA:83066 blood in artery FMA:83066 portion of arterial blood FMA:83066 A blood that is part of a vein. FMA:83067 blood in vein portion of venous blood venous blood uberon UBERON:0013756 venous blood A blood that is part of a vein. OBOL:automatic blood in vein FMA:83067 portion of venous blood FMA:83067 venous blood FMA:83067 A blood that is part of a capillary. FMA:263901 NCIT:C32212 blood in capillary portion of blood in capillary portion of capillary blood uberon UBERON:0013757 capillary blood A blood that is part of a capillary. OBOL:automatic portion of blood in capillary FMA:263901 Any of the organs or elements that are part of the digestive system. Examples: tongue, esophagus, spleen, crop, lunge feeding organ, tooth elements. EMAPA:37843 digestive organ digestive system organ uberon UBERON:0013765 digestive system element Any of the organs or elements that are part of the digestive system. Examples: tongue, esophagus, spleen, crop, lunge feeding organ, tooth elements. EMAPA:37843 MA:th Great vessels is a term used to refer collectively to the large vessels that bring blood to and from the heart. great vessel EMAPA:36460 great vessel of thorax uberon UBERON:0013768 Groupings may vary - typically pulmonary vessels and aorta and vena cavae great vessel of heart Great vessels is a term used to refer collectively to the large vessels that bring blood to and from the heart. Mesenchyme that develops_from the neural crest[Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:32735 FMA:293883 mesenchyme from neural crest neural crest derived mesenchyme neural crest mesenchyme uberon UBERON:0014387 mesenchyme derived from neural crest Mesenchyme that develops_from the neural crest[Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic Subdivision of skeletal system that consists of all skeletal elements in the thoracic region of the trunk. In most vertebrates this is the rib cage and sternum. EHDAA2:0002013 FMA:77169 skeleton of thorax thoracic part of axial skeleton thoracic skeleton uberon UBERON:0014477 thoracic skeleton Subdivision of skeletal system that consists of all skeletal elements in the thoracic region of the trunk. In most vertebrates this is the rib cage and sternum. thoracic skeleton EHDAA2:0002013 A neuromere that is part of the presumptive midbrain mesomere midbrain segment segment of midbrain EHDAA2:0004352 FMA:61997 mesomere of nervous system neuromere of mesomere group uberon future mesencephalon mesomere group UBERON:0014776 midbrain neuromere A neuromere that is part of the presumptive midbrain mesomere group EHDAA2:0004352 A neuromere that is part of the presumptive spinal cord TAO:0001332 ZFA:0001332 spinal cord metameric segment spinal neuromeres uberon spinal cord segment UBERON:0014777 spinal neuromere A neuromere that is part of the presumptive spinal cord spinal neuromeres TAO:0001332 spinal cord segment TAO:0001332 A portion of tissue that will develop into vasculature. EFO:0003708 TAO:0005076 ZFA:0005076 uberon UBERON:0014903 primordial vasculature A portion of tissue that will develop into vasculature. ZFA:0005076 ZFA:curator A gland that is typically found in or near the orbital region, in or around either the medial or lateral canthi, and is typically associated with secretions onto the eyeball or associated ducts. Includes the Harderian, nictitans and lacrimal glands. the only orbital gland found in anuran amphibians is either the Harderian or the lacrimal; if it is a lacrimal, then a progressive lateral migration of the lacrimal glands must occur through the amniotes[PMID:7559104] the only orbital gland found in anuran amphibians is the Harderian[PMID:8843648] ocular gland uberon orbital gland UBERON:0015152 gland of ocular region inferred A gland that is typically found in or near the orbital region, in or around either the medial or lateral canthi, and is typically associated with secretions onto the eyeball or associated ducts. Includes the Harderian, nictitans and lacrimal glands. An eye consisting of multiple light-sensing organs uberon UBERON:0015165 multi-unit eye An eye consisting of multiple light-sensing organs present on tentacular crown present on mantle edge in arcacean Bivalvia The eyes (optic cushions) on the oral surface of Asteroida (Echinodermata), close to the base of the terminal tentacles, are also composed of a number of simple ocelli - as many as 80-200 in certain species A region of somite adjacent to presomitic mesoderm. TAO:0001462 XAO:0004074 ZFA:0001462 uberon inter-somited border intersomitic boundary intersomitic fissure intersomitic junction segmental border somite boundary UBERON:0015178 somite border A region of somite adjacent to presomitic mesoderm. intersomitic junction XAO:0004074 somite boundary ZFA:0001462 Epithelium located in the intersomitic region. XAO:0004077 intersomitic epithelium intersomitic membrane uberon UBERON:0015179 somite boundary epithelium Epithelium located in the intersomitic region. XAO:0004077 XAO:EJS intersomitic epithelium XAO:0004077 intersomitic membrane XAO:0004077 Any structure that is placed on one side of the left-right axis of a bilaterian. This class is primarily to implement taxon constraints. It may be removed in the future. uberon UBERON:0015212 lateral structure Any structure that is placed on one side of the left-right axis of a bilaterian. A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, contributes to the circulation of lymph, blood or analogs. Examples: a chambered vertebrate heart; the tubular peristaltic heart of ascidians; the dorsal vessel of an insect; the lymoh heart of a reptile. heart SPD:0000130 cardiac pump heart or heart like organ circulatory vessel uberon cardiac structure UBERON:0015228 circulatory organ A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, contributes to the circulation of lymph, blood or analogs. Examples: a chambered vertebrate heart; the tubular peristaltic heart of ascidians; the dorsal vessel of an insect; the lymoh heart of a reptile. A basement membrane of epithelium that is part of a respiratory system. EMAPA:37570 MA:0001815 uberon UBERON:0015329 respiratory system basement membrane MA A basement membrane of epithelium that is part of a respiratory system. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:37570 MA:th EMAPA:37597 MA:0002449 heart/pericardium uberon UBERON:0015410 heart plus pericardium MA EMAPA:37597 MA:th heart/pericardium MA:0002449 A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a hypodermis. FMA:77862 muscle layer in fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue stratum musculosum panniculi adiposi telae subcutaneae uberon UBERON:0015783 smooth muscle layer in fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a hypodermis. OBOL:automatic muscle layer in fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue FMA:77862 stratum musculosum panniculi adiposi telae subcutaneae FMA:77862 FMA:TA A epithelium that is part of a camera-type eye. EMAPA:35957 MA:0003162 uberon UBERON:0015808 eye epithelium A epithelium that is part of a camera-type eye. OBOL:automatic A epithelium that is part of a foregut. EMAPA:32922 MA:0003204 uberon UBERON:0015833 foregut epithelium A epithelium that is part of a foregut. OBOL:automatic A capillary that is part of a lung. FMA:14121 capillary of lung uberon UBERON:0016405 pulmonary capillary A capillary that is part of a lung. OBOL:automatic capillary of lung FMA:14121 The external part of the developing pharynx that is made of ectoderm. During vertebrate development, pockets form in pharyngeal ectoderm between the pharyngeal arches. UBERON:2001379 TAO:0001379 ZFA:0001379 uberon UBERON:0016545 pharyngeal ectoderm The external part of the developing pharynx that is made of ectoderm. During vertebrate development, pockets form in pharyngeal ectoderm between the pharyngeal arches. A layer of of the central nervous system that is part of gray matter. grey matter layer FMA:83142 CNS gray matter layer CNS grey matter layer gray matter layer of neuraxis grey matter layer of neuraxis uberon UBERON:0016548 central nervous system gray matter layer A layer of of the central nervous system that is part of gray matter. gray matter layer of neuraxis FMA:83142 FMA:68861 rexed lamina uberon UBERON:0016570 lamina of gray matter of spinal cord rexed lamina FMA:68861 Primordium that develops into the central nervous system UBERON:3000469 future CNS presumptive central nervous system uberon UBERON:0016879 future central nervous system Primordium that develops into the central nervous system Primordium that develops into the nervous system UBERON:3000477 AAO:0000477 presumptive nervous system uberon UBERON:0016880 future nervous system Primordium that develops into the nervous system presumptive nervous system AAO:0000477 The part of the conceptus that may be lost before birth or will be discarded at birth, or when the embryo becomes an independent organism. AEO:0000195 EHDAA2:0000003 EMAPA:16042 extra-embryonic component extraembryonic component uberon UBERON:0016887 entire extraembryonic component AEO AEO The part of the conceptus that may be lost before birth or will be discarded at birth, or when the embryo becomes an independent organism. AEO:0000195 AEO:JB extraembryonic component AEO:0000195 An embryonic anatomical entity that will turn into one or more other anatomical entities, perhaps with other anatomical entities, later in development. AEO:0000132 uberon UBERON:0016888 transitional anatomical structure AEO An embryonic anatomical entity that will turn into one or more other anatomical entities, perhaps with other anatomical entities, later in development. AEO:0000132 AEO:JB A mesenchyme-derived anatomical entity undergoing a transtion to become another structure. AEO:0001016 uberon UBERON:0017650 developing mesenchymal structure A mesenchyme-derived anatomical entity undergoing a transtion to become another structure. AEO:0001016 AEO:JB A zone of skin that is part of a lower lip. FMA:24767 lower lip skin uberon UBERON:0018150 skin of lower lip A zone of skin that is part of a lower lip. OBOL:automatic lower lip skin FMA:24767 A boundary delimiting a rhombomere. rhombomere junction uberon UBERON:0018239 rhombomere boundary A boundary delimiting a rhombomere. GO:0021654 Any portion of submucosa that lines the digestive tract. uberon UBERON:0018257 submucosa of digestive tract Any portion of submucosa that lines the digestive tract. Any organ component layer that consists of muscle tissue. NCITA class may refer to smooth muscle only FMA:45634 NCIT:C75444 uberon UBERON:0018260 layer of muscle tissue Any organ component layer that consists of muscle tissue. NCITA class may refer to smooth muscle only NCIT An interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the heart. FMA:73747 ZFA:0005811 cardiac vasculature uberon UBERON:0018674 heart vasculature An interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the heart. ZFA:0005811 ZFA:CVS cardiac vasculature FMA:73747 BTO:0004626 uberon carotid endothelium carotid epithelium UBERON:0019189 carotid artery endothelium carotid endothelium BTO:0004626 Any region of epithelium that is part of a skin region. BTO:0004382 uberon UBERON:0019204 skin epithelium Any region of epithelium that is part of a skin region. The part of the eye that consists of both the retina and the optic choroid chorioretina choroid and retina retinachoroid retinachoroidal region uberon UBERON:0019207 chorioretinal region The part of the eye that consists of both the retina and the optic choroid UBERON:drseb DHBA:10654 FMA:268630 gray matter of the hindbrain uberon UBERON:0019263 gray matter of hindbrain gray matter of the hindbrain DHBA:HGM DHBA:10649 FMA:83913 uberon UBERON:0019267 gray matter of midbrain EMAPA:35952 MA:0003174 uberon UBERON:0019304 sensory organ epithelium An exocrine gland that is part of a integumental system. integumental exocrine gland integumental system exocrine gland uberon UBERON:0019319 exocrine gland of integumental system An exocrine gland that is part of a integumental system. GOC:dos integumental exocrine gland integumental system exocrine gland FMA:58315 uberon surface of region of wall of eyeball UBERON:0022288 surface of eyeball surface of region of wall of eyeball FMA:58315 Single layer of a laminar structure, identified by different density, arrangement or size of cells and processes arranged in flattened layers or lamina[CUMBO]. this is currently used to group some cellular layers that may not strictly conform to the CARO definition of cell-part layer. Consider genericisizing and introducing subtypes for cellular layer, fibrous layer and cell soma layer lamina layer NLX:149357 uberon UBERON:0022303 nervous system cell part layer Single layer of a laminar structure, identified by different density, arrangement or size of cells and processes arranged in flattened layers or lamina[CUMBO]. NLX:149357 lamina CUMBO:CUMBO layer CUMBO:CUMBO Serous membrane layer that is adjacent to and lines an organ. FMA:15860 visceral wall of serous membrane uberon UBERON:0022350 visceral serous membrane Serous membrane layer that is adjacent to and lines an organ. visceral wall of serous membrane FMA:15860 Serous membrane layer that lines to a body cavity. cavity lining FMA:15859 MA:0002448 parietal wall of serous membrane uberon UBERON:0022351 parietal serous membrane Serous membrane layer that lines to a body cavity. cavity lining MA:0002448 parietal wall of serous membrane FMA:15859 A specific region of the foregut into the area in which the lung will develop. lung field uberon UBERON:0022361 lung field A specific region of the foregut into the area in which the lung will develop. GOC:dph GOC:mtg_lung An embryonic or larval epithelium that is committed to form part of the nervous system. neurepithelium AEO:0001008 BTO:0000314 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0004654 FMA:64807 embryonic neuroepithelium neuroepithelium uberon UBERON:0034705 developing neuroepithelium An embryonic or larval epithelium that is committed to form part of the nervous system. AEO:0001008 AEO:JB neurepithelium BTO:0000314 embryonic neuroepithelium neuroepithelium AEO:0001008 An epithelium that is undergoing proliferation to provide large numbers of neuronal cells. AEO:0001009 uberon UBERON:0034706 proliferating neuroepithelium AEO An epithelium that is undergoing proliferation to provide large numbers of neuronal cells. AEO:0001009 A neuroepithelium some of whose cells are undergoing terminal differentiation to become neuronal cells. AEO:0001010 uberon UBERON:0034707 differentiating neuroepithelium AEO A neuroepithelium some of whose cells are undergoing terminal differentiation to become neuronal cells. AEO:0001010 DHBA:12694 EMAPA:32916 marginal zone of hindbrain uberon MZH UBERON:0034709 hindbrain marginal layer marginal zone of hindbrain DHBA:12694 MZH DHBA:12694 EHDAA2:0001267 EMAPA:17585 spinal cord lateral wall ventricular layer uberon UBERON:0034710 spinal cord ventricular layer EHDAA2 spinal cord lateral wall ventricular layer EHDAA2:0001267 Any substance in the body or expelled from the body that is in a gaseous state. FMA:84580 gas in anatomical space portion of gas in anatomical space uberon UBERON:0034873 bodily gas Any substance in the body or expelled from the body that is in a gaseous state. portion of gas in anatomical space FMA:84580 Any portion of gas located in a part of the respiratory system that is composed primarily of air. FMA:84581 respiratory air respiratory system air uberon UBERON:0034874 air in respiratory system Any portion of gas located in a part of the respiratory system that is composed primarily of air. respiratory air FMA:84581 the area of axial mesoderm that develops into the prechordal plate prechordal mesenchyme uberon UBERON:0034878 prechordal mesoderm the area of axial mesoderm that develops into the prechordal plate MGI:anna lumen of gland uberon UBERON:0034905 gland lumen An multicellular anatomical structure that has subparts of multiple organs as a part. CARO:0020001 uberon anatomical cluster UBERON:0034921 multi organ part structure CARO An multicellular anatomical structure that has subparts of multiple organs as a part. CARO:0020001 anatomical cluster CARO:0020001 A cluster of cells, largely surrounded by a morphological boundary. CARO:0020002 FMA:62807 uberon UBERON:0034922 cell cluster CARO A cluster of cells, largely surrounded by a morphological boundary. CARO:0020002 A collection of anatomical structures that are alike in terms of their morphology or developmental origin. resolve if this should be a subclass of disconnected anatomical group. Some collections (e.g. the skeleton or skull) are arguably connected uberon UBERON:0034925 anatomical collection A collection of anatomical structures that are alike in terms of their morphology or developmental origin. Any organ component layer that consists of smooth muscle tissue. uberon UBERON:0034933 layer of smooth muscle tissue Any organ component layer that consists of smooth muscle tissue. FMA:55268 organ sector organ zonal region organ zone uberon organ region with floating fiat boundary UBERON:0034944 zone of organ organ sector FMA:55268 organ zone FMA:55268 organ region with floating fiat boundary FMA:55268 Any portion of gas located in a part of the respiratory system. respiratory gas respiratory system gas uberon UBERON:0034947 gas in respiratory system Any portion of gas located in a part of the respiratory system. NCIT:C25787 uberon duct epithelium ductal epithelium UBERON:0034969 epithelial layer of duct Mesenchyme that is part of a developing jaw [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:32907 EMAPA:35454 uberon UBERON:0034995 jaw mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a developing jaw [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:32904 MA:0003220 uberon UBERON:0035037 jaw epithelium Any material entity that is located in the digestive tract. This includes undigested food and liquid as well as unexcreted waste products. It also includes other entities such as ingested stones used to aid digestion. Any microbial cells or cell populations are also included. Note that we treat any material entity that is ingested as an anatomical structure by defintion, although this may be expanding the CARO usage somewhat digestive tract contents uberon ingested material entity UBERON:0035118 material entity in digestive tract Any material entity that is located in the digestive tract. This includes undigested food and liquid as well as unexcreted waste products. It also includes other entities such as ingested stones used to aid digestion. Any microbial cells or cell populations are also included. digestive tract contents Anatomical surface, which is the external surface of the whole body. Examples: There is only one body surface. FMA:61695 NCIT:C29667 surface of body uberon UBERON:0035159 entire surface of organism Anatomical surface, which is the external surface of the whole body. Examples: There is only one body surface. FMA:61695 surface of body FMA:61695 FMA:70505 NCIT:C32552 external carotid arterial subdivision subdivision of external carotid artery uberon UBERON:0035398 branch of external carotid artery external carotid arterial subdivision FMA:70505 subdivision of external carotid artery FMA:70505 FMA:51797 ciliary vein uberon UBERON:0035546 uveal vein ciliary vein FMA:51797 The part of the circulatory system that lies within the subcutaneous tissue layers close to the surface of the skin. FMA:225275 superficial part of circulatory system superficial vasculature dermis vasculature hypodermis vasculature uberon skin vasculature subcutaneous vasculature vasculature of skin UBERON:0035549 vasculature of integument The part of the circulatory system that lies within the subcutaneous tissue layers close to the surface of the skin. vasculature of skin FMA:225275 Any of the veins carrying deoxygenated blood from the subcutaneous tissue layers. FMA:76719 NCIT:C33666 uberon superfical vein superficial veins superficial vessels UBERON:0035550 superficial vein Any of the veins carrying deoxygenated blood from the subcutaneous tissue layers. ncithesaurus:Superficial_Vein superfical vein superficial veins superficial vessels The part of the circulatory system that lies deep beneath the subcutaneous tissue layers away from the surface of the skin. deep part of circulatory system uberon UBERON:0035551 deep vasculature The part of the circulatory system that lies deep beneath the subcutaneous tissue layers away from the surface of the skin. A blood vessel carrying deoxygenated blood far beneath the skin usually accompanying an artery. FMA:76718 NCIT:C32444 uberon deep veins deep vessels UBERON:0035552 deep vein A blood vessel carrying deoxygenated blood far beneath the skin usually accompanying an artery. ncithesaurus:Deep_Vein deep veins deep vessels Any chamber of the left side of the heart FMA:7166 uberon UBERON:0035553 left cardiac chamber Any chamber of the left side of the heart Any chamber of the right side of the heart FMA:7165 uberon UBERON:0035554 right cardiac chamber Any chamber of the right side of the heart The parts of the orbital region that are outside of the the eyeball, including the lacrimal apparatus, the extraocular muscles and the eyelids, eyelashes, eyebrows and the conjunctiva FMA:76554 NCIT:C32574 adnexa oculi uberon accessory parts of orbital region accessory visual structures accessory visual structures set adnexal parts of orbital region appendage of eye appendages of the eye eye adnexa set of accessory visual structures structurae oculi accessoriae UBERON:0035639 ocular adnexa The parts of the orbital region that are outside of the the eyeball, including the lacrimal apparatus, the extraocular muscles and the eyelids, eyelashes, eyebrows and the conjunctiva HPO:pr UBERON:cjm adnexa oculi accessory visual structures accessory visual structures FMA:76554 accessory visual structures set FMA:76554 appendage of eye appendages of the eye set of accessory visual structures FMA:76554 structurae oculi accessoriae EHDAA2:0004181 FMA:9464 cardiac chamber cavity heart cavity heart lumen uberon UBERON:0035763 cavity of cardiac chamber FMA cardiac chamber cavity FMA:9464 heart cavity FMA:9464 heart lumen EHDAA2:0004181 The primordial mouth region of the developing head. FMA:293105 primitive mouth primordial mouth uberon UBERON:0035804 future mouth The primordial mouth region of the developing head. MP:0003119 primitive mouth FMA:293105 FMA:12241 uberon UBERON:0035809 serous cavity The sum of epicardial and paracardial fat deposits. ZFA:0005765 uberon UBERON:0035814 pericardial fat The sum of epicardial and paracardial fat deposits. Any fat deposit surrounding a visceral organ. uberon UBERON:0035818 visceral fat Any fat deposit surrounding a visceral organ. UBERON:cjm BTO:0004378 EMAPA:37987 FMA:67473 blood vessel wall uberon vascular wall UBERON:0035965 wall of blood vessel EMAPA:37987 MA:th blood vessel wall FMA:67473 vascular wall BTO:0004378 EHDAA2:0004070 uberon UBERON:0036072 respiratory primordium epithelium EHDAA2 EHDAA2:0004071 respiratory primordium associated mesenchyme uberon UBERON:0036073 respiratory primordium mesenchyme EHDAA2 respiratory primordium associated mesenchyme EHDAA2:0004071 An region of the mesoderm that includes anterior lateral mesoderm of the first heart field plus contiguous pharyngeal mesoderm that gives rise to second-heart-field-derived regions of the heart and branchiomeric muscles. uberon UBERON:0036146 cardiopharyngeal field An region of the mesoderm that includes anterior lateral mesoderm of the first heart field plus contiguous pharyngeal mesoderm that gives rise to second-heart-field-derived regions of the heart and branchiomeric muscles. BGEE:ann Material anatomical entity that forms the outermost boundary of an anatomical structure. AAO:0010270 AEO:0000154 ZFA:0005594 uberon UBERON:0036215 anatomical surface region Material anatomical entity that forms the outermost boundary of an anatomical structure. A bodily fluid that is located in the coelom. he coelomic fluid serves several functions; it acts as a hydroskeleton, it allows free movement and growth of internal organs, it serves for transport of gases, nutrients and waste products between different parts of the body, it allows storage of sperm and eggs during maturation and it acts as a reservoir for waste [Wikipedia:Coelom#Coelomic_fluid] BTO:0001708 uberon UBERON:0036217 coelomic fluid A bodily fluid that is located in the coelom. Any gland that is part os the respiratory system. uberon UBERON:0036225 respiratory system gland Any gland that is part os the respiratory system. UBERON:cjm A notochord that has persisted beyond the embryonic stage. uberon UBERON:0036242 post-embryonic notochord A notochord that has persisted beyond the embryonic stage. UBERON:cjm A transudate found in the serous sac. serous fluid FMA:20932 serous sac fluid uberon UBERON:0036244 secretion of serous membrane A transudate found in the serous sac. FMA:20932 serous fluid FMA:20932 FMA:53133 cranial orifice skull orifice uberon UBERON:0036253 orifice of skull cranial orifice FMA:53133 skull orifice FMA:53133 A mucosa that is part of a lip region [Automatically generated definition]. NCIT:C12226 labial mucosa uberon UBERON:0036294 mucosa of lip A mucosa that is part of a lip region [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic labial mucosa UBERON:cjm uberon UBERON:0036302 vasculature of central nervous system plus retina FMA:259905 uberon UBERON:0036303 vasculature of central nervous system A zone of skin that is part of the face. eriks 2012-02-05T05:23:01Z EMAPA:36657 FMA:24758 NCIT:C33561 UMLS:C0222084 face skin uberon facial skin UBERON:1000021 skin of face A zone of skin that is part of the face. UBERON:EJS UMLS:C0222084 ncithesaurus:Skin_of_the_Face face skin EMAPA:36657 FMA:24758 Structures of the dermis, epidermis, glands and pigment cells recognizable on the external surfaces of the integument. This class was sourced from an external ontology (amphibian_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon amphibian_anatomy_curators uberon/phenoscape-anatomy Not clear how this differs from parent class. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1305 external integument structure Structures of the dermis, epidermis, glands and pigment cells recognizable on the external surfaces of the integument. AAO:EJS Dermal, epidermal, glandular and pigment structures of the external head integument. This class was sourced from an external ontology (amphibian_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon amphibian_anatomy_curators uberon/phenoscape-anatomy head external integument structure Dermal, epidermal, glandular and pigment structures of the external head integument. AAO:EJS Dermal, epidermal, glandular and pigment structures of the body integument. This class was sourced from an external ontology (amphibian_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon amphibian_anatomy_curators uberon/phenoscape-anatomy body external integument structure Dermal, epidermal, glandular and pigment structures of the body integument. AAO:EJS Blood vessels in respiratory skin. Modified from the original AAO source amphibian_anatomy_curators uberon/phenoscape-anatomy vasculature of respiratory integument Blood vessels in respiratory skin. AAO:EJS Variations in the frequencies of translocations, inversions, deletions, or gene amplifications and variations in chromosome fusion events and or chromosomal loss compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000000 chromosome instability Variations in the frequencies of translocations, inversions, deletions, or gene amplifications and variations in chromosome fusion events and or chromosomal loss compared to control. WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in body posture compared to control animals. For example, in C. elegans characteristic sinusoidal body posture is altered. body posture abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000001 body posture variant Animals exhibit variations in body posture compared to control animals. For example, in C. elegans characteristic sinusoidal body posture is altered. WB:WBPerson557 WB:cab The animal moves or rests with uncharacteristic loss of smooth sinusoidal motion or body posture. Movement is often characterized by severe bending motions, more sharply angled and/or much deeper than stereotypical sinusoidal body bends of the control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000002 kinker The animal moves or rests with uncharacteristic loss of smooth sinusoidal motion or body posture. Movement is often characterized by severe bending motions, more sharply angled and/or much deeper than stereotypical sinusoidal body bends of the control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 OBSOLETE. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000003 obsolete flattened locomotion path true Eggs are laid under conditions where egg laying is normally inhibited. Egl c C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000004 Liquid M9. constitutive egg laying Eggs are laid under conditions where egg laying is normally inhibited. WB:cab Eggs are laid at an earlier stage of development, eggs are laid in the presence of inhibitors of egg laying, or the inactive phase of the egg-laying cycle is significantly shorter when compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000005 hyperactive egg laying Eggs are laid at an earlier stage of development, eggs are laid in the presence of inhibitors of egg laying, or the inactive phase of the egg-laying cycle is significantly shorter when compared to control. WB:cab Eggs are not laid, laid at a slower rate or eggs are laid at a later stage of development compared to control. Egl d C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000006 egg laying defective Eggs are not laid, laid at a slower rate or eggs are laid at a later stage of development compared to control. WB:WBPaper00004402 WB:WBPaper00004651 WB:WBPaper00005654 WB:WBPaper00006395 WB:WBPaper00024497 WB:WBPaper00025054 WB:cab A worm carcass is formed with retained eggs that hatch inside. Bag C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000007 bag of worms A worm carcass is formed with retained eggs that hatch inside. WB:cab Animals respond to anesthetic at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. anaesthetic hypersensitive C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000008 anesthetic hypersensitive Animals respond to anesthetic at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals fail to respond to the concentration of anesthetic that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. anaesthetic resistant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000009 anesthetic resistant Animals fail to respond to the concentration of anesthetic that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals respond to a specific drug at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000010 drug hypersensitive Animals respond to a specific drug at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals fail to respond to the concentration of a drug that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. Animals are not affected by exposure to the drug. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000011 drug resistant Animals fail to respond to the concentration of a drug that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. Animals are not affected by exposure to the drug. WB:WBPerson557 Formation of dauer larvae under conditions that do not favor dauer formation. Daf c C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000012 dauer constitutive Formation of dauer larvae under conditions that do not favor dauer formation. WB:kmva Failure to form dauer larvae under dauer-inducing conditions. Daf d C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000013 dauer defective Failure to form dauer larvae under dauer-inducing conditions. WB:kmva Variations in the structure, organization or path of axon tracts that grow circumferentially around the animal in a single, directed trajectory to bridge the ventral and dorsal cords, compared to control animals. cord commissures abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000014 cord commissures variant Variations in the structure, organization or path of axon tracts that grow circumferentially around the animal in a single, directed trajectory to bridge the ventral and dorsal cords, compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00001499 WB:WBPaper00029065 WB:WBPerson712 Variations in the movement towards typically attractive chemicals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000015 positive chemotaxis defective Variations in the movement towards typically attractive chemicals. WB:cab Animals respond to aldicarb at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. Hic C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000016 aldicarb hypersensitive Animals respond to aldicarb at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals fail to respond to the concentration of aldicarb that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. Ald R Ric C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000017 aldicarb resistant Animals fail to respond to the concentration of aldicarb that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 The contraction and relaxation movements of the pharynx occur at a greater frequency compared to that observed for control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000018 pharyngeal pumping increased The contraction and relaxation movements of the pharynx occur at a greater frequency compared to that observed for control animals. WB:WBPerson712 Pharyngeal pumping motion occurs at a slower rate than control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000019 pharyngeal pumping reduced Pharyngeal pumping motion occurs at a slower rate than control animals. WB:WBPaper00001709 Pharyngeal pumping motion occurs at intervals that vary from control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000020 pharyngeal pumping irregular Pharyngeal pumping motion occurs at intervals that vary from control animals. WB:WBPaper00001709 Squat animals are dumpy as homozygotes, but roll as heterozygotes. Sqt C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000021 squat Squat animals are dumpy as homozygotes, but roll as heterozygotes. WB:WBPaper00000906 Animals are longer than control animals at the same developmental stage. Lon C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000022 long Animals are longer than control animals at the same developmental stage. WB:cab WB:cgc31 Animals respond to serotonin at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000023 serotonin hypersensitive Animals respond to serotonin at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals fail to respond to the concentration of serotonin that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000024 serotonin resistant Animals fail to respond to the concentration of serotonin that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Fluid-filled blisters appear on the cuticle. Bli C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000025 blistered Fluid-filled blisters appear on the cuticle. WB:WBPaper00004402 WB:WBPaper00005654 WB:WBPaper00006395 WB:WBPaper00024497 WB:cab WB:cgc31 Animals are unable to take up or store lipids. In C. elegans, this defect results in pale, skinny and arrested larva. Lpd C_elegans_phenotype_ontology fat depleted WBPhenotype:0000026 lipid depleted Animals are unable to take up or store lipids. In C. elegans, this defect results in pale, skinny and arrested larva. GO:0006629 WB:WBPaper00005707 WB:WBPerson712 Variations in the chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances compared to control. organism metabolism processing abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000027 organism metabolism processing variant Variations in the chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances compared to control. GO:0008152 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the processes involved in the conversion of one or more primary RNA transcripts into one or more mature RNA molecules compared to control. RNA processing abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000028 RNA processing variant Variations in the processes involved in the conversion of one or more primary RNA transcripts into one or more mature RNA molecules compared to control. GO:0006396 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals are defective for RNAi introduced by environmental means such as in the cases of RNAi triggered by soaking or feeding. systemic RNAi abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Environmental RNAi defective WBPhenotype:0000029 systemic RNAi variant Animals are defective for RNAi introduced by environmental means such as in the cases of RNAi triggered by soaking or feeding. WB:WBPaper00029209 WB:WBPaper00030758 WB:WBPerson712 Variations in the processes that regulate the change (increase) in size or mass of an integrated living unit (a cell, tissue, organ or organism) compared to control animals. growth abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000030 growth variant Variations in the processes that regulate the change (increase) in size or mass of an integrated living unit (a cell, tissue, organ or organism) compared to control animals. GO:0040007 WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation that causes a reduction in growth rate compared to control. Gro C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000031 slow growth Any variation that causes a reduction in growth rate compared to control. WB:WBPaper00004402 WB:WBPaper00004403 WB:WBPaper00004651 WB:WBPaper00004769 WB:WBPaper00005654 WB:WBPaper00006395 WB:WBPaper00024497 WB:WBPerson557 WB:cab Animals exhibit some combination of abnormal features relating to size, movement, body integrity, pigmentation, viability, fertility etc. Sck C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000032 sick Animals exhibit some combination of abnormal features relating to size, movement, body integrity, pigmentation, viability, fertility etc. WB:WBPaper00000179 WB:WBPaper00000565 WB:WBPerson712 The timing of specific developmental events in some tissues is altered relative to the timing of events in other tissues. WBPhenotype:0000437 heterochronic defect developmental timing abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000033 Possible XP GO:0040034. developmental timing variant The timing of specific developmental events in some tissues is altered relative to the timing of events in other tissues. WB:cab pmid:6494891 Contents or structures of an embryonic cell are not restricted/localized to the same positions (or poles) compared with control animals. embryonic polarity abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000034 embryonic polarity variant Contents or structures of an embryonic cell are not restricted/localized to the same positions (or poles) compared with control animals. WB:WBPaper00005079 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the overall structure or appearance of the animal as it progresses from hatching to adult compared to control animals. larval body morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology larval morphology abnormal WBPhenotype:0000035 larval body morphology variant Any variation in the overall structure or appearance of the animal as it progresses from hatching to adult compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the overall structure or appearance of the animal after it has completed progression through the larval stages compared to control animals. adult body morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000036 adult body morphology variant Any variation in the overall structure or appearance of the animal after it has completed progression through the larval stages compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the overall structure or appearance of fertilized oocytes that are laid compared to those laid by control animals. egg morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000037 egg morphology variant Any variation in the overall structure or appearance of fertilized oocytes that are laid compared to those laid by control animals. WB:WBPaper00001075 WB:WBPerson2021 The animal is ruptured at the vulva and displays an extrusion of internal organs at the site of rupture. Rup C_elegans_phenotype_ontology burst vulva gonad eversion gonad exploded through vulva rupture through vulva WBPhenotype:0000038 exploded through vulva The animal is ruptured at the vulva and displays an extrusion of internal organs at the site of rupture. WB:WBPaper00027633 WB:WBPaper00031094 WB:WBPerson712 Adult life span is either longer or shorter than typical of control animals. Age life span abnormal life span variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology longevity abnormal WBPhenotype:0000039 life span phenotype Adult life span is either longer or shorter than typical of control animals. GO:0008340 WB:WBPaper00005863 WB:WBPaper00026717 WB:WBPerson557 WB:cab Embryos fail to divide and arrest as one-cell embryos. Emb Ocs C_elegans_phenotype_ontology catastrophic one cell arrest WBPhenotype:0000040 one cell arrest early emb Embryos fail to divide and arrest as one-cell embryos. WB:cab WB:cgc5599 catastrophic one cell arrest WB:cgc5599 Any variation in the process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of water within an organism, compared to control. osmotic integrity abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology osmoregulation variant WBPhenotype:0000041 osmotic integrity variant Any variation in the process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of water within an organism, compared to control. GO:0030104 WB:WBPerson2021 The progression through stages between fertilization to hatching are temporally retarded. Sle C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000042 slow embryonic development The progression through stages between fertilization to hatching are temporally retarded. WB:WBPerson712 Variations in the progression time of an animal from pronuclei meeting to adulthood compared to control animals. general pace of development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000043 general pace of development variant Variations in the progression time of an animal from pronuclei meeting to adulthood compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Egg is smaller or larger compared to eggs of control animals. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000044 egg size defective early emb Egg is smaller or larger compared to eggs of control animals. WB:cab WB:cgc7141 The developmental progression of an animal after the embryonic stage, over time, from its formation to its mature structure is delayed compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000045 developmental delay postembryonic The developmental progression of an animal after the embryonic stage, over time, from its formation to its mature structure is delayed compared to control. WB:WBPaper00025054 WB:cab More than five minutes between AB and P1 divisions. Emb pace of P lineage abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000046 pace of P lineage defective early emb More than five minutes between AB and P1 divisions. WB:cab WB:cgc7141 Variations in the process by which the germ layers become positioned in an embryo compared to control animals. Gastrulation involves the proper ingression of small groups of cells at various times into the blastocoel space. gastrulation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000047 gastrulation variant Variations in the process by which the germ layers become positioned in an embryo compared to control animals. Gastrulation involves the proper ingression of small groups of cells at various times into the blastocoel space. WB:WBPaper00027251 WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the ability of an animal to emerge from the protective egg shell compared to control animals. hatching abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000048 hatching variant Variations in the ability of an animal to emerge from the protective egg shell compared to control animals. GO:0035188 WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the progression of an animal over time, from hatching to adulthood, compared to control. postembryonic development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000049 postembryonic development variant Any variation in the progression of an animal over time, from hatching to adulthood, compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Animals die during embryonic development. In C. elegans, often assayed as refractile eggs that fail to hatch; when applied to large-scale RNAi screens in C. elegans, more than 10% of embryos die. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology egg lethal embryonic death inviable zygote WBPhenotype:0000050 embryonic lethal Animals die during embryonic development. In C. elegans, often assayed as refractile eggs that fail to hatch; when applied to large-scale RNAi screens in C. elegans, more than 10% of embryos die. WB:WBPaper00000179 WB:WBPaper00004403 WB:WBPaper00004540 WB:WBPaper00004651 WB:WBPaper00004769 WB:WBPaper00005654 WB:WBPaper00024497 WB:WBPaper00024925 WB:WBPaper00025054 WB:cab The developmental program does not continue past embryogenesis; stage of arrest is not consistent from animal to animal. Emb Etv C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000051 embryonic terminal arrest variable emb The developmental program does not continue past embryogenesis; stage of arrest is not consistent from animal to animal. GO:0009790 WB:WBPaper00004811 WB:WBPaper00024944 WB:WBPerson712 Lethality caused by the perturbation of maternal gene products that are contributed to oogenesis and are required during embryogenesis. Emb Mel C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000052 maternal effect lethal emb Lethality caused by the perturbation of maternal gene products that are contributed to oogenesis and are required during embryogenesis. WB:WBPaper00001109 WB:WBPerson2021 Movement and elongation ceases at the two-fold stage. The myofilament lattice in body wall muscle cells is variant. However, development in embryos continues. Embryos hatch as inviable larvae. Pat C_elegans_phenotype_ontology active elongation arrest two fold arrest WBPhenotype:0000053 paralyzed arrested elongation two fold Movement and elongation ceases at the two-fold stage. The myofilament lattice in body wall muscle cells is variant. However, development in embryos continues. Embryos hatch as inviable larvae. WB:cab WB:cgc1894 The animal dies at any time between hatching and onset to adulthood. Let Lvl C_elegans_phenotype_ontology larval death WBPhenotype:0000054 larval lethal The animal dies at any time between hatching and onset to adulthood. GO:0002119 WB:WBPerson712 Larvae arrest during early larval development. In C. elegans, this occurs during the L1 or L2 stages of larval development. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000055 early larval arrest Larvae arrest during early larval development. In C. elegans, this occurs during the L1 or L2 stages of larval development. WB:cab Larvae arrest during late larval development. In C. elegans, larval arrest occurs during the L3 or L4 stages of larval development. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000056 late larval arrest Larvae arrest during late larval development. In C. elegans, larval arrest occurs during the L3 or L4 stages of larval development. WB:cab Animals die during early larval development. In C.elegans, this occurs during the L1- L2 larval stages of the life cycle. Let Lvl C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000057 early larval lethal Animals die during early larval development. In C.elegans, this occurs during the L1- L2 larval stages of the life cycle. WB:WBPerson2021 Animals die during late larval development. In C. elegans, this occurs during the L3- L4 larval stages of the life cycle. Let Lvl C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000058 late larval lethal Animals die during late larval development. In C. elegans, this occurs during the L3- L4 larval stages of the life cycle. WB:WBPerson2021 The developmental program of the animals halts at any larval stage and thus fails to reach adulthood. In C.elegans, this occurs anytime during L1-L4 stage. Lva C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000059 larval arrest The developmental program of the animals halts at any larval stage and thus fails to reach adulthood. In C.elegans, this occurs anytime during L1-L4 stage. WB:WBPaper00002958 WB:WBPerson2021 Premature lethality during the adult stage. When applied to large-scale RNAi screens in C. elegans, this phenotype is present in at least 10% of analyzed worms, or at least 30% in the case of rrf-3 perturbed background. Adl Let C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000060 adult lethal Premature lethality during the adult stage. When applied to large-scale RNAi screens in C. elegans, this phenotype is present in at least 10% of analyzed worms, or at least 30% in the case of rrf-3 perturbed background. WB:WBPaper00004402 WB:WBPaper00005654 WB:WBPaper00006395 WB:cab Adl WB:WBPaper00004402 WB:WBPaper00005654 The duration of viability in the adult phase of the life-cycle surpasses that of control animals. Age C_elegans_phenotype_ontology life span increased longevity increased WBPhenotype:0000061 extended life span The duration of viability in the adult phase of the life-cycle surpasses that of control animals. GO:0008340 WB:WBPerson712 Animals die prematurely at any stage of the life cycle. Let C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000062 lethal Animals die prematurely at any stage of the life cycle. WB:WBPaper00001109 WB:WBPerson2021 Variations that cause developmental progression to cease at different stages of the lifecycle. Var C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000063 terminal arrest variable Variations that cause developmental progression to cease at different stages of the lifecycle. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals die prematurely at any stage of the life cycle in a sex dependent manner. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Let WBPhenotype:0000064 sexually dimorphic lethality Animals die prematurely at any stage of the life cycle in a sex dependent manner. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 XO-bearing individuals die preferentially over other animals in the population. In C.elegans, X0 animals die preferentially over XX animals. Let C_elegans_phenotype_ontology male specific lethality WBPhenotype:0000065 X0 lethal XO-bearing individuals die preferentially over other animals in the population. In C.elegans, X0 animals die preferentially over XX animals. WB:WBPerson363 WB:WBPerson712 XX-bearing individuals die preferentially over other animals in the population. In C.elegans, XX animals die preferentially over X0 animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology hermaphrodite specific lethality WBPhenotype:0000066 XX lethal XX-bearing individuals die preferentially over other animals in the population. In C.elegans, XX animals die preferentially over X0 animals. WB:WBPerson363 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in response to stress stimuli compared to control animals. organism stress response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000067 organism stress response variant Animals exhibit variations in response to stress stimuli compared to control animals. GO:0006950 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the state or activity of a cell (in terms of secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) in response to high levels of reactive oxygen species, compared to control. oxidative stress response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000068 cellular oxidative stress response variant Any variation in the state or activity of a cell (in terms of secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) in response to high levels of reactive oxygen species, compared to control. GO:0034599 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the progression of the progeny of an animal at any time from its fertilization to adulthood compared to control. progeny abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000069 progeny variant Any variation in the progression of the progeny of an animal at any time from its fertilization to adulthood compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the structure or organization of the somatic reproductive components of the posterior segment of the male from that observed in control males. In C. elegans, this region of the male includes the terminal canals of the reproductive tract, the digestive tract, and spicule channels along with the male specific sensilla (ray, post-cloacal, hook and spicule) and extends to the tip of the acellular fan. Mab male tail morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000070 male tail morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the structure or organization of the somatic reproductive components of the posterior segment of the male from that observed in control males. In C. elegans, this region of the male includes the terminal canals of the reproductive tract, the digestive tract, and spicule channels along with the male specific sensilla (ray, post-cloacal, hook and spicule) and extends to the tip of the acellular fan. WB:WBPaper00027278 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of any portion of their anterior end (which typically includes the anterior sensilla, pharynx and all muscles that are innervated by the nerve ring) compared to control. head morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000071 head morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of any portion of their anterior end (which typically includes the anterior sensilla, pharynx and all muscles that are innervated by the nerve ring) compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of any portion of their anatomy between the head and the tail compared to control animals. body morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000072 body morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of any portion of their anatomy between the head and the tail compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of any portion of the most posterior region of the body compared to control. The anterior bound of the tail is not well defined though it might range from the position of the post-deirids to the opening of the anus (Wormatlas). tail morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000073 tail morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of any portion of the most posterior region of the body compared to control. The anterior bound of the tail is not well defined though it might range from the position of the post-deirids to the opening of the anus (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the set of interactions occurring between a group of genes who depend on each other's individual functions in order to make the aggregate function of the network available to the cell, compared to control. genetic pathway abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000074 genetic pathway variant Any variation in the set of interactions occurring between a group of genes who depend on each other's individual functions in order to make the aggregate function of the network available to the cell, compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the attachment of the rigid external coating (which is secreted by the hypodermis, seam and some interfacial epithelial cells) to the outer body of an animal compared to control (Wormatlas). cuticle attachment abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000075 cuticle attachment variant Any variation in the attachment of the rigid external coating (which is secreted by the hypodermis, seam and some interfacial epithelial cells) to the outer body of an animal compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the adhesion of the layer of cells that cover the external surface of an organism which serves to protect the animal from external environment compared to control. epithelial attachment abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology hypodermal attachment abnormal WBPhenotype:0000076 epithelial attachment variant Variations in the adhesion of the layer of cells that cover the external surface of an organism which serves to protect the animal from external environment compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit defects in the process of shedding, part or all of its cuticle, during cuticle replacement. cuticle shedding abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000077 cuticle shedding defect Animals exhibit defects in the process of shedding, part or all of its cuticle, during cuticle replacement. GO:0018996 The hypodermal cells, which lie along the lateral body wall to form longitudinal stripes of epithelial cells underlying the alae, are misplaced such that they are stacked along the dorsal-ventral axis rather than forming a continuous row of adjacent cells . C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000078 seam cells stacked The hypodermal cells, which lie along the lateral body wall to form longitudinal stripes of epithelial cells underlying the alae, are misplaced such that they are stacked along the dorsal-ventral axis rather than forming a continuous row of adjacent cells . WB:WBPaper00003081 The small linear ridges running along the lateral lines of the cuticle of adults are branched as opposed to having an unbiforcated arrangement, lengthwise along the body (Wormatlas). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000079 branched adult alae The small linear ridges running along the lateral lines of the cuticle of adults are branched as opposed to having an unbiforcated arrangement, lengthwise along the body (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals lack the anterior portion of the pharynx. Aph C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000080 no anterior pharynx Animals lack the anterior portion of the pharynx. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The developmental program of the animals does not continue past the first larval stage (L1). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000081 L1 arrest The developmental program of the animals does not continue past the first larval stage (L1). WB:WBPaper00003179 WB:WBPerson2021 The developmental program of the animals does not continue past the second larval stage (L2). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000082 L2 arrest The developmental program of the animals does not continue past the second larval stage (L2). WB:WBPaper00003179 WB:WBPerson2021 The developmental program of the animals does not continue past the third larval stage (L3). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000083 L3 arrest The developmental program of the animals does not continue past the third larval stage (L3). WB:WBPaper00004813 WB:WBPerson2021 The developmental program of the animals does not continue past the fourth larval stage (L4). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000084 L4 arrest The developmental program of the animals does not continue past the fourth larval stage (L4). WB:WBPaper00003179 WB:WBPerson2021 The intestinal lumen is expanded and can often be shown to be filled with bacteria. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000085 swollen intestine The intestinal lumen is expanded and can often be shown to be filled with bacteria. WB:WBPaper00026641 WB:WBPerson712 Intestine is shrunken and may appear constricted. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000086 shrunken intestine Intestine is shrunken and may appear constricted. WB:WBPaper00005941 Any variation in the progression of a body wall muscle cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control. body wall cell development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology body wall muscle cell development abnormal WBPhenotype:0000087 body wall cell development variant Any variation in the progression of a body wall muscle cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 The arrangement of the principal muscle cell type whose contractile activity generates body motion in the nematode differs from that observed in control animals. In C. elegans they consist of 95 unfused cells in the adult organized into four muscle quadrants. Their sarcomeres are obliquely striated and lie lengthwise along the body wall (Wormatlas). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology body wall muscle displaced WBPhenotype:0000088 body muscle displaced The arrangement of the principal muscle cell type whose contractile activity generates body motion in the nematode differs from that observed in control animals. In C. elegans they consist of 95 unfused cells in the adult organized into four muscle quadrants. Their sarcomeres are obliquely striated and lie lengthwise along the body wall (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals fail to respond to the concentration of alpha amanitin that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000089 alpha amanitin resistant Animals fail to respond to the concentration of alpha amanitin that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals are deficient in the adhesion of the cuticle to the epidermal surface of the animal. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology hypodermis detached from cuticle WBPhenotype:0000090 epidermis cuticle detached Animals are deficient in the adhesion of the cuticle to the epidermal surface of the animal. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The cell(s) whose principal function is to provide contractile forces, is separated from the adjacent epidermis. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology hypodermis detached from muscle WBPhenotype:0000091 epidermis muscle detached The cell(s) whose principal function is to provide contractile forces, is separated from the adjacent epidermis. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the processes that govern the expansion of intestinal cell populations compared to control. intestinal cell proliferation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000092 intestinal cell proliferation variant Any variation in the processes that govern the expansion of intestinal cell populations compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 The descendants of a particular precursor cell exhibit variations in developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. Lin lineage abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000093 lineage variant The descendants of a particular precursor cell exhibit variations in developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the progression of the caudal opening of the rectum in the tail over time compared to control (Wormatlas). anus development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000094 anus development variant Any variation in the progression of the caudal opening of the rectum in the tail over time compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The descendants of the M precursor cell exhibit variations in developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. In C. elegans the M lineage is a postembryonic mesodermal lineage. M lineage abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000095 M lineage variant The descendants of the M precursor cell exhibit variations in developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. In C. elegans the M lineage is a postembryonic mesodermal lineage. WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the progression of the epithelial chamber that links the genital and alimentary tracts to the exterior via the anus (cloacal opening) over time compared to control (Wormatlas). cloacal development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000096 cloacal development variant Variations in the progression of the epithelial chamber that links the genital and alimentary tracts to the exterior via the anus (cloacal opening) over time compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The descendants of the AB blastomere exhibit variations in developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. AB lineage abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000097 AB lineage variant The descendants of the AB blastomere exhibit variations in developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. WB:WBPaper00001584 WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the progression of the cells that form a narrow passage connecting the posterior bulb of the pharynx to the anterior intestine over time compared to control. In C. elegans this valve is composed of 3 pairs of cells each forming a flattened disc-like ring and is lined by a layer of cuticle (Wormatlas). pharyngeal intestinal valve development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000098 pharyngeal intestinal valve development variant Any variation in the progression of the cells that form a narrow passage connecting the posterior bulb of the pharynx to the anterior intestine over time compared to control. In C. elegans this valve is composed of 3 pairs of cells each forming a flattened disc-like ring and is lined by a layer of cuticle (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The descendants of any of the P precursor cells exhibit variations in developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. P lineages abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000099 P lineages variant The descendants of any of the P precursor cells exhibit variations in developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 Cells exhibit variations in their response to ultraviolet radiation compared to that observed in control animals. cell UV response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000100 cell UV response variant Cells exhibit variations in their response to ultraviolet radiation compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit an increase in the extent of activation of programmed cell death by exposure to the nucleic acid damaging agent, UV irradiation, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000101 UV induced apoptosis increased Animals exhibit an increase in the extent of activation of programmed cell death by exposure to the nucleic acid damaging agent, UV irradiation, compared to control. WB:WBPerson712 Animals display variations in the organization, accumulation or distribution of transmitter-containing membrane-bound organelles (synaptic vesicles) compared to that observed in control animals. presynaptic vesicle cluster abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology synaptic vesicle cluster abnormal WBPhenotype:0000102 presynaptic vesicle cluster variant Animals display variations in the organization, accumulation or distribution of transmitter-containing membrane-bound organelles (synaptic vesicles) compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00027305 Any variation in the progression of the different inclusions within the intestinal cytoplasm, including birefringent crystalline objects and other dark-staining endosomes over time compared to control. In C. elegans these contents might include glycogen granules (polysaccharide storage), rhabditin (carbohydrate storage), yolk granules (lipid and protein), and concentrated waste products (Wormatlas). gut granule development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000103 gut granule development variant Any variation in the progression of the different inclusions within the intestinal cytoplasm, including birefringent crystalline objects and other dark-staining endosomes over time compared to control. In C. elegans these contents might include glycogen granules (polysaccharide storage), rhabditin (carbohydrate storage), yolk granules (lipid and protein), and concentrated waste products (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Contents or structures of a cell are no longer restricted/localized to their typical positions within the cell. cell polarity abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000104 cell polarity variant Contents or structures of a cell are no longer restricted/localized to their typical positions within the cell. WB:WBPaper00031356 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson712 Variations in the progression of a developing oocyte, from diakinesis to metaphase (meiosis I), in response to a signal compared to control animals. Meiotic maturation is accompanied by nuclear envelope breakdown (germinal vesicle breakdown), cytoskeletal rearrangement and meiotic spindle assembly. Oma oocyte meiotic maturation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000105 oocyte meiotic maturation variant Variations in the progression of a developing oocyte, from diakinesis to metaphase (meiosis I), in response to a signal compared to control animals. Meiotic maturation is accompanied by nuclear envelope breakdown (germinal vesicle breakdown), cytoskeletal rearrangement and meiotic spindle assembly. GO:0001556 WB:WBPaper00026997 WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the processes that negatively regulate the meiotic progression of oocytes (exit from diakinesis) in the absence of a signal compared to control animals. inhibition of oocyte maturation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000106 inhibition of oocyte maturation variant Variations in the processes that negatively regulate the meiotic progression of oocytes (exit from diakinesis) in the absence of a signal compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00003371 WB:WBPaper00026997 WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation that alters the control mechanisms that inhibit oocyte maturation and release of a mature oocyte into the spermatheca (for subsequent fertilization), compared to control. inhibition of ovulation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000107 inhibition of ovulation variant Any variation that alters the control mechanisms that inhibit oocyte maturation and release of a mature oocyte into the spermatheca (for subsequent fertilization), compared to control. GO:0060280 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 OBSOLETE. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000108 obsolete severe dumpy true OBSOLETE. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000109 obsolete moderate dumpy true OBSOLETE. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000110 obsolete slightly dumpy true Any variation in the cellular or subcellular distribution of a gene product compared to that observed in control animals. pattern of gene expression abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000111 pattern of gene expression variant Any variation in the cellular or subcellular distribution of a gene product compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the biogenesis and stability of protein molecules compared to control. protein expression abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000112 protein expression variant Variations in the biogenesis and stability of protein molecules compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the biogenesis and stability of any class of RNA molecules (rRNAs, miRNAs, tRNAs etc) compared to control. RNA expression abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000113 RNA expression variant Variations in the biogenesis and stability of any class of RNA molecules (rRNAs, miRNAs, tRNAs etc) compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the biogenesis and stability of messenger RNA molecules compared to control. mRNA expression abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000114 mRNA expression variant Variations in the biogenesis and stability of messenger RNA molecules compared to control. GO:0050684 WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the progression of the anterior portion of the pharynx over time compared to control. In C. elegans the anterior region includes the corpus (procorpus and metacorpus - first bulb). anterior pharynx abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000115 anterior pharynx variant Any variation in the progression of the anterior portion of the pharynx over time compared to control. In C. elegans the anterior region includes the corpus (procorpus and metacorpus - first bulb). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals die in between the early and late larval stages. In C. elegans, this occurs during the L2- L3 larval stages of the life cycle. Let Lvl C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000116 mid larval lethal Animals die in between the early and late larval stages. In C. elegans, this occurs during the L2- L3 larval stages of the life cycle. WB:WBPerson2021 Animals die at the L1 stage of the life cycle. Let Lvl C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000117 L1 lethal Animals die at the L1 stage of the life cycle. WB:WBPerson2021 L2 lethal: Animals die at the L2 stage of the life cycle. Let Lvl C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000118 L2 lethal L2 lethal: Animals die at the L2 stage of the life cycle. WB:WBPerson2021 Any change that results in higher than normal levels of protein expression compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000119 protein expression increased Any change that results in higher than normal levels of protein expression compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Any change that results in lower than normal levels of protein expression compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000120 protein expression reduced Any change that results in lower than normal levels of protein expression compared to control animals. WB:kmva Variations in the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein, compared to control. translation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology protein synthesis abnormal WBPhenotype:0000121 translation variant Variations in the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein, compared to control. GO:0006412 WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the posttranslational modification of a protein (which may include cleavage of peptide bonds) leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of the protein compared to control. post translational processing abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology protein processing variant WBPhenotype:0000122 post translational processing variant Any variation in the posttranslational modification of a protein (which may include cleavage of peptide bonds) leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of the protein compared to control. GO:0016485 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations that cause a decrease in the expression level of a biological catalyst, compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000123 enzyme expression level reduced Variations that cause a decrease in the expression level of a biological catalyst, compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation that results in a decrease in the catalytic activity of an enzyme compared to control. Catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein (can include an RNA component). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000124 enzyme activity reduced Any variation that results in a decrease in the catalytic activity of an enzyme compared to control. Catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein (can include an RNA component). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation that results in an increase in the catalytic activity of an enzyme compared to control. Catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein (can include an RNA component). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000125 enzyme activity increased Any variation that results in an increase in the catalytic activity of an enzyme compared to control. Catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein (can include an RNA component). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the time from pronuclei meeting to furrow initiation during the first cell division compared to control animals. Emb general pace of development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000126 general pace of development defective early emb Variations in the time from pronuclei meeting to furrow initiation during the first cell division compared to control animals. WB:cab WB:cgc7141 Characteristic exit from the dauer stage is altered compared to control animals. dauer recovery abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000127 dauer recovery variant Characteristic exit from the dauer stage is altered compared to control animals. WB:cab Animals are more likely to form dauers at temperatures that do not induce dauer entry in control animals. Hid C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000128 temperature induced dauer formation increased Animals are more likely to form dauers at temperatures that do not induce dauer entry in control animals. WB:cgc424 Animals do not enter dauer at a temperature that induces dauer formation in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000129 temperature induced dauer formation defective Animals do not enter dauer at a temperature that induces dauer formation in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals enter the dauer stage when exposed to lower concentrations or shorter exposure times of chemicals that induce dauer formation compared to that observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000130 pheromone induced dauer formation enhanced Animals enter the dauer stage when exposed to lower concentrations or shorter exposure times of chemicals that induce dauer formation compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals do not enter dauer when exposed to chemicals that induce dauer formation in control animals. Phd C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000131 pheromone induced dauer formation defective Animals do not enter dauer when exposed to chemicals that induce dauer formation in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the entry into the dauer stage when exposed to concentrations of chemicals that induce dauer formation in control animals. pheromone induced dauer formation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000132 pheromone induced dauer formation variant Animals exhibit variations in the entry into the dauer stage when exposed to concentrations of chemicals that induce dauer formation in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The levels of an enzyme involved in the manufacture of lipids are decreased compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000133 expression lipogenic enzyme reduced The levels of an enzyme involved in the manufacture of lipids are decreased compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit a decrease in the intensity of expression of a gene product compared to that observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000134 gene expression level reduced Animals exhibit a decrease in the intensity of expression of a gene product compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit an increase in the intensity of expression of a gene product compared to that observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000135 gene expression level high Animals exhibit an increase in the intensity of expression of a gene product compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit elevated levels of messenger RNA compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000136 mRNA levels increased Animals exhibit elevated levels of messenger RNA compared to control. WB:WBPaper00033456 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit decreased levels of messenger RNA compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000137 mRNA levels reduced Animals exhibit decreased levels of messenger RNA compared to control. WB:WBPaper00033456 WB:WBPerson2021 The constituent parts or ratio of elements that make up lipids are altered when compared to that of control animals. lipid composition abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology fat composition abnormal fatty acid composition abnormal WBPhenotype:0000138 lipid composition variant The constituent parts or ratio of elements that make up lipids are altered when compared to that of control animals. WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in survival when exposed to stress stimuli that induce lethality in control animals. stress induced lethality abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000139 stress induced lethality variant Animals exhibit variations in survival when exposed to stress stimuli that induce lethality in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in cessation of development when exposed to stress stimuli that induce developmental arrest in control animals. stress induced arrest abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000140 stress induced arrest variant Animals exhibit variations in cessation of development when exposed to stress stimuli that induce developmental arrest in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animal populations exhibit a further decrease in survival when exposed to stress stimuli compared to the lethality rate observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000141 stress induced lethality increased Animal populations exhibit a further decrease in survival when exposed to stress stimuli compared to the lethality rate observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress, compared to control. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). cell stress response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000142 cell stress response variant Variations in the activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress, compared to control. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). GO:0033554 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit variations in their response to ultraviolet radiation compared to that observed in control animals. organism UV response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000143 organism UV response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to ultraviolet radiation compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit an increase in the extent of activation of programmed cell death by exposure to a pathogen or pathogenic cue, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000144 pathogen induced cell death increased Animals exhibit an increase in the extent of activation of programmed cell death by exposure to a pathogen or pathogenic cue, compared to control. WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the time of onset or duration of the fertile period, or production of new individuals that contain some portion of their genetic material inherited from that organism compared to control. fertility variant fertility abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000145 fertility phenotype Animals exhibit variations in the time of onset or duration of the fertile period, or production of new individuals that contain some portion of their genetic material inherited from that organism compared to control. GO:0000003 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals do not respond to changes in temperature or thermal stress in the same manner as control animals. In C.elegans this is often measured by changes in the expression of stress proteins or changes in life span. organism temperature response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000146 organism temperature response variant Animals do not respond to changes in temperature or thermal stress in the same manner as control animals. In C.elegans this is often measured by changes in the expression of stress proteins or changes in life span. WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the state or activity of an organism as a result of deprivation of nourishment, compared to control. organism starvation response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000147 organism starvation response variant Any variation in the state or activity of an organism as a result of deprivation of nourishment, compared to control. GO:0042594 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit variations in the entry into the dauer stage when exposed to nutrient poor conditions that induce dauer formation in control animals. starvation induced dauer formation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000148 starvation induced dauer formation variant Animals exhibit variations in the entry into the dauer stage when exposed to nutrient poor conditions that induce dauer formation in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals are more likely to form dauers under nutrient conditions that do not induce dauer entry in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000149 starvation induced dauer formation increased Animals are more likely to form dauers under nutrient conditions that do not induce dauer entry in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals do not enter dauer under nutrient-poor conditions that induce dauer formation in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000150 starvation induced dauer formation defective Animals do not enter dauer under nutrient-poor conditions that induce dauer formation in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Embryos generate an excess number of anterior derived pharyngeal cells. In C. elegans, embryos generate an excess number of AB blastomere-derived pharyngeal cells. This hyperinduction of anterior pharyngeal tissue is associated with defects in fate specification of the ABp blastomere. Apx C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000151 anterior pharynx extra cells Embryos generate an excess number of anterior derived pharyngeal cells. In C. elegans, embryos generate an excess number of AB blastomere-derived pharyngeal cells. This hyperinduction of anterior pharyngeal tissue is associated with defects in fate specification of the ABp blastomere. WB:WBPaper00001930 WB:WBPerson2021 One-cell embryos do not form the shallow groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate at the onset of cytokinesis. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000152 no cleavage furrow first division early emb One-cell embryos do not form the shallow groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate at the onset of cytokinesis. GO:0032154 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Initiation, strength, extent or cessation of body wall muscle activity that results in the shortening of the muscle, is aberrant compared to control animals. body wall contraction variant body wall contraction abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000153 body wall muscle contraction abnormal Initiation, strength, extent or cessation of body wall muscle activity that results in the shortening of the muscle, is aberrant compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00032190 WB:WBPerson712 The characteristic number of offspring produced is lower compared to that of control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000154 reduced brood size The characteristic number of offspring produced is lower compared to that of control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Contents or structures of the cell are oriented on the opposite side of the cell compared to control animals; In C. elegans, this can result in the fate pattern of descendants being flipped. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000155 cell polarity reversed Contents or structures of the cell are oriented on the opposite side of the cell compared to control animals; In C. elegans, this can result in the fate pattern of descendants being flipped. WB:WBPaper00031356 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the time interval between successive contractions of the body wall muscles during the defecation motor program compared to cantrol. body wall contraction interval abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology body wall muscle contraction interval abnormal WBPhenotype:0000156 body wall muscle contraction interval during defecation abnormal Any variation in the time interval between successive contractions of the body wall muscles during the defecation motor program compared to cantrol. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the sustained posterior body muscle contractions that precede the remaining contractions of the defecation cycle compared to control animals. pBoc posterior body wall contraction abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology posterior body contraction abnormal posterior body wall contraction defective WBPhenotype:0000157 posterior body wall contraction defecation cycle variant Animals exhibit variations in the sustained posterior body muscle contractions that precede the remaining contractions of the defecation cycle compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00031426 WB:WBPerson712 OBSOLETE. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000158 obsolete posterior body wall shortened interval true OBSOLETE: Animals exhibit variations in the entry/exit into a state of arrested tissue development during the dauer larval stage in response to harsh environmental conditions, compared to control. In C. elegans, the dauer larva enters a state of arrest in which no developmental changes occur, until the animal finds more suitable growing conditions, or until it spontaneously shifts back into a normal developmental schedule. (WormAtlas). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000159 obsolete dauer arrest variant true OBSOLETE: Animals exhibit variations in the entry/exit into a state of arrested tissue development during the dauer larval stage in response to harsh environmental conditions, compared to control. In C. elegans, the dauer larva enters a state of arrest in which no developmental changes occur, until the animal finds more suitable growing conditions, or until it spontaneously shifts back into a normal developmental schedule. (WormAtlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Embryos do not form a defined shallow groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate at the onset of cytokinesis. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000160 cleavage furrow not discrete early emb Embryos do not form a defined shallow groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate at the onset of cytokinesis. GO:0032154 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the rotation of centrosomes and associated pronuclei in one-cell embryo, occurring as a transition between pronuclear migration and pronuclear fusion compared to control. nuclear rotation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000161 nuclear rotation variant Any variation in the rotation of centrosomes and associated pronuclei in one-cell embryo, occurring as a transition between pronuclear migration and pronuclear fusion compared to control. GO:0035047 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Larva show deficiencies in chroma resulting in increased translucency. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology translucent WBPhenotype:0000162 pale larva Larva show deficiencies in chroma resulting in increased translucency. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Larva appear unusually transparent when compared to control. Clr C_elegans_phenotype_ontology transparent WBPhenotype:0000163 clear larva Larva appear unusually transparent when compared to control. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit a reduced girth compared to a control animal of the same developmental stage. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology decreased girth slim WBPhenotype:0000164 thin Animals exhibit a reduced girth compared to a control animal of the same developmental stage. WB:WBPerson712 Variations in the ability of two or more individual cells to form a syncytium (a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane) via the fusion of the plasma membranes. Cell fusion is dependent on the merging of lipid bilayer membranes as well as cytoplasmic mixing. cell fusion abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000165 cell fusion variant Variations in the ability of two or more individual cells to form a syncytium (a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane) via the fusion of the plasma membranes. Cell fusion is dependent on the merging of lipid bilayer membranes as well as cytoplasmic mixing. GO:0000768 GO:0045026 WB:WBPaper00005122 WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the ability of seam cells to fuse to form a continuous syncytium along the body wall late larval development, (separate from the hyp 7 syncytium), compared to control (WormAtlas). Hypodermal seam cells lie along the lateral body wall to form longitudinal stripes of epithelial cells underlying the alae, and are required for alae formation. seam cell fusion abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000166 seam cell fusion variant Variations in the ability of seam cells to fuse to form a continuous syncytium along the body wall late larval development, (separate from the hyp 7 syncytium), compared to control (WormAtlas). Hypodermal seam cells lie along the lateral body wall to form longitudinal stripes of epithelial cells underlying the alae, and are required for alae formation. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Seam cells fuse to form a continuous syncytium along the body wall at an earlier stage of development compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000167 precocious seam cell fusion Seam cells fuse to form a continuous syncytium along the body wall at an earlier stage of development compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the regulated release of proteins needed for alae formation by epidermal seam cells compared to control. Alae are small linear ridges running along the lateral lines of the cuticle, lengthwise along the body (WormAtlas). alae secretion abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology alae formation variant WBPhenotype:0000168 alae secretion variant Variations in the regulated release of proteins needed for alae formation by epidermal seam cells compared to control. Alae are small linear ridges running along the lateral lines of the cuticle, lengthwise along the body (WormAtlas). WB:WBPaper00004833 WB:WBPaper00025242 WB:WBPerson2021 Cells leave the M phase (mitosis and cytokinesis) at an earlier time than sister or other control cells. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000169 early exit cell cycle Cells leave the M phase (mitosis and cytokinesis) at an earlier time than sister or other control cells. GO:0010458 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Formation of alae occurs earlier in development compared to control animals; In C. elegans, adult lateral alae are typically generated during the late L4 stage. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000170 precocious alae Formation of alae occurs earlier in development compared to control animals; In C. elegans, adult lateral alae are typically generated during the late L4 stage. WB:cab pmid:3428573 Any aberrancy in the processes that govern expansion of cell populations compared to control animals. cell proliferation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000171 cell proliferation variant Any aberrancy in the processes that govern expansion of cell populations compared to control animals. GO:0008283 WB:WBPerson2021 The processes governing the expansion of cell populations are altered compared to control animals, such that cell populations are increased. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000172 cell proliferation increased The processes governing the expansion of cell populations are altered compared to control animals, such that cell populations are increased. WB:WBPerson2021 The processes governing the expansion of cell populations are altered compared to control animals, such that cell populations are decreased. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000173 cell proliferation reduced The processes governing the expansion of cell populations are altered compared to control animals, such that cell populations are decreased. WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the progression of the layer of connective tissue over the surface of tissues that serves to separate it from neighboring tissues, from its formation to its mature structure compared to control (Wormatlas). basal lamina development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000174 basal lamina development variant Any variation in the progression of the layer of connective tissue over the surface of tissues that serves to separate it from neighboring tissues, from its formation to its mature structure compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Excessive and often uncoordinated body wall muscle contraction leading to shortening of the body. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000175 hypercontracted Excessive and often uncoordinated body wall muscle contraction leading to shortening of the body. WB:WBPerson363 Any variation in the specific actions or reactions of an animal after completion of feeding, typically after a fast, compared to that observed in control animals. In C. elegans worms become behaviorally quiescent and cease feeding and moving when sated. satiety behavior abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000176 satiety behavior variant Any variation in the specific actions or reactions of an animal after completion of feeding, typically after a fast, compared to that observed in control animals. In C. elegans worms become behaviorally quiescent and cease feeding and moving when sated. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation that results in a decrease of acetylcholine esterase levels, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000177 acetylcholinesterase reduced Any variation that results in a decrease of acetylcholine esterase levels, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00024452 WB:WBPerson2021 Cells are observed to undergo a dramatic decrease in cell volume, collapse of the vacuoles, and complete disintegration of the plasma membrane and most organelles. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000178 cell degeneration Cells are observed to undergo a dramatic decrease in cell volume, collapse of the vacuoles, and complete disintegration of the plasma membrane and most organelles. WB:WBPerson712 Cells specialized for receiving, conducting and transmitting impulses in the nervous system are observed to undergo a dramatic decrease in cell volume, collapse of the vacuoles and processes, and complete disintegration of the plasma membrane and most organelles. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000179 neuron degeneration Cells specialized for receiving, conducting and transmitting impulses in the nervous system are observed to undergo a dramatic decrease in cell volume, collapse of the vacuoles and processes, and complete disintegration of the plasma membrane and most organelles. WB:WBPerson712 WB:WBperson557 Animals display variations in the structure, organization of components, or spatial pattern of the projection that conducts signal away from the cell body, compared to that observed in control animals. axon morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000180 axon morphology variant Animals display variations in the structure, organization of components, or spatial pattern of the projection that conducts signal away from the cell body, compared to that observed in control animals. GO:0030424 WB:WBPaper00005236 WB:WBPerson712 Animals display variations in the directed path taken by the axon compared to the path the nerve fiber follows in the nervous system in control animals. axon trajectory abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000181 axon trajectory variant Animals display variations in the directed path taken by the axon compared to the path the nerve fiber follows in the nervous system in control animals. WB:WBPaper00001105 WB:WBPerson712 Any perturbation that causes a decrease in the frequency of cell death by apoptosis compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000182 apoptosis reduced Any perturbation that causes a decrease in the frequency of cell death by apoptosis compared to control animals. GO:0043065 WB:WBPerson2021 Any perturbation that causes an elevation in the frequency of cell death by apoptosis compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000183 apoptosis increased Any perturbation that causes an elevation in the frequency of cell death by apoptosis compared to control animals. GO:0043066 WB:WBPerson2021 Cells do not undergo the form of programmed cell death characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), classically little or no ultrastructural modifications of cytoplasmic organelles, plasma membrane blebbing (but maintenance of its integrity until the final stages of the process) and engulfment by resident phagocytes. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000184 apoptosis fails to occur Cells do not undergo the form of programmed cell death characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), classically little or no ultrastructural modifications of cytoplasmic organelles, plasma membrane blebbing (but maintenance of its integrity until the final stages of the process) and engulfment by resident phagocytes. WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit a decreased pace of the programmed cell death pathway, compared to that observed for control cells. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000185 apoptosis protracted Animals exhibit a decreased pace of the programmed cell death pathway, compared to that observed for control cells. WB:WBPerson712 Any aberrancy in the processes that influence the generation and maturation of oocytes compared to control animals. WBPhenotype:0000896 oocyte germ cell differentiation abnormal oogenesis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology oocyte development abnormal WBPhenotype:0000186 oogenesis variant Any aberrancy in the processes that influence the generation and maturation of oocytes compared to control animals. GO:0048477 WB:WBPerson2021 The overall structure or appearance of fertilized oocytes that are laid has every part of their surface equidistant from the center. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000187 egg round The overall structure or appearance of fertilized oocytes that are laid has every part of their surface equidistant from the center. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the 'arm-like' form, structure or composition of the specialized tissue of the reproductive tract that produces gametes compared to control. In C. elegans the reproductive tract in the hermaphrodite has two equivalent gonad 'arms', while the male has a one-armed gonad. gonad arm morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000188 gonad arm morphology variant Any variation in the 'arm-like' form, structure or composition of the specialized tissue of the reproductive tract that produces gametes compared to control. In C. elegans the reproductive tract in the hermaphrodite has two equivalent gonad 'arms', while the male has a one-armed gonad. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Hypodermal cells fail to be organized in the same manner as observed in control animals. In C. elegans, hypodermal cells typically organize into distinct dorsal, lateral and ventral rows and cover the entire body. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000189 hypodermis disorganized Hypodermal cells fail to be organized in the same manner as observed in control animals. In C. elegans, hypodermal cells typically organize into distinct dorsal, lateral and ventral rows and cover the entire body. WB:WBPaper00027006 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals fail to exit from the facultative diapause of the dauer larval stage of nematode development. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000190 no dauer recovery Animals fail to exit from the facultative diapause of the dauer larval stage of nematode development. GO:0043054 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in their response to a situation when there is too high a density of nematodes to be supported by the available amount of food and space compared to that observed in control animals (Wormatlas). organism crowding response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000191 organism crowding response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to a situation when there is too high a density of nematodes to be supported by the available amount of food and space compared to that observed in control animals (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation that results in the misregulation of enzymatic activity such that catalysis occurs at a constant rate regardless of physiological demand or the concentration of a substrate. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000192 constitutive enzyme activity Any variation that results in the misregulation of enzymatic activity such that catalysis occurs at a constant rate regardless of physiological demand or the concentration of a substrate. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation within an enzyme that causes it to act antagonistically towards the wild-type enzymatic product. These mutations usually result in an altered molecular function (often inactive) and are characterized by a dominant or semi-dominant phenotype. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000193 dominant negative enzyme Any variation within an enzyme that causes it to act antagonistically towards the wild-type enzymatic product. These mutations usually result in an altered molecular function (often inactive) and are characterized by a dominant or semi-dominant phenotype. WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the placement of the polar body formed in the first division of meiosis of a primary oocyte, compared to control. A polar body is the by-product of meiosis (destined to degenerate) in female or hermaphrodite animals. first polar body position abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000194 first polar body position variant Variations in the placement of the polar body formed in the first division of meiosis of a primary oocyte, compared to control. A polar body is the by-product of meiosis (destined to degenerate) in female or hermaphrodite animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the migration pattern of distal tip cells compared to control animals. In C. elegans, DTCs located on the anterior and posterior ends of the gonad primordium typically migrate in a symmetrical U-shaped pattern. distal tip cell migration abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology DTC migration abnormal WBPhenotype:0000195 distal tip cell migration variant Variations in the migration pattern of distal tip cells compared to control animals. In C. elegans, DTCs located on the anterior and posterior ends of the gonad primordium typically migrate in a symmetrical U-shaped pattern. GO:0040039 WB:WBPaper00003598 WB:WBPerson2021 The morphological appearance of distal tip cells is varied compared to control animals. distal tip cell morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000196 distal tip cell morphology variant The morphological appearance of distal tip cells is varied compared to control animals. WB:cab Variations in a cell's ability to influence the fate of another cell (often of different developmental potential or ancestry via short range signaling). cell induction abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000197 cell induction variant Variations in a cell's ability to influence the fate of another cell (often of different developmental potential or ancestry via short range signaling). GO:0031128 WB:WBPerson2021 OBSOLETE. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000198 obsolete vulval cell induction abnormal true Any variation in the progression of the finger-like sensory sensilla that project from the tail and embed in the male fan from its formation to the mature structure when compared to control animals. male tail sensory ray development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000199 male tail sensory ray development variant Any variation in the progression of the finger-like sensory sensilla that project from the tail and embed in the male fan from its formation to the mature structure when compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the progression of structures/tissues surrounding a cell over time from its initial formation to its mature form compared to control. pericellular component development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000200 pericellular component development variant Variations in the progression of structures/tissues surrounding a cell over time from its initial formation to its mature form compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the progression of the formation of the rigid external coating (which is secreted by the hypodermis, seam and some interfacial epithelial cells) over time compared to control animals (Wormatlas). cuticle development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000201 cuticle development variant Any variation in the progression of the formation of the rigid external coating (which is secreted by the hypodermis, seam and some interfacial epithelial cells) over time compared to control animals (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the small linear ridges running along the lateral lines of the cuticle, lengthwise along the body compared to control (Wormatlas). alae abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000202 alae variant Any variation in the small linear ridges running along the lateral lines of the cuticle, lengthwise along the body compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the characteristic desensitization to a volatile organic chemo-attractive signal in a time-concentration dependent and reversible manner compared to control animals. odorant adaptation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000203 odorant adaptation variant Animals exhibit variations in the characteristic desensitization to a volatile organic chemo-attractive signal in a time-concentration dependent and reversible manner compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the anterior body muscle contraction (aBoc) step of the defecation cycle compared to control animals. Under normal conditions, anterior body wall muscles contract and pressurize the intestinal contents during the aBoc step. aBoc C_elegans_phenotype_ontology anterior body contraction abnormal anterior body contraction defective WBPhenotype:0000204 anterior body contraction defecation cycle variant Variations in the anterior body muscle contraction (aBoc) step of the defecation cycle compared to control animals. Under normal conditions, anterior body wall muscles contract and pressurize the intestinal contents during the aBoc step. WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the expulsion of gut contents compared to control. In C. elegans, this refers to the final step of the defecation cycle in which the intestinal muscle and anal depressor contractions further pressurize intestinal contents and open the anus to permit expulsion. expulsion abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Exp WBPhenotype:0000205 expulsion variant Any variation in the expulsion of gut contents compared to control. In C. elegans, this refers to the final step of the defecation cycle in which the intestinal muscle and anal depressor contractions further pressurize intestinal contents and open the anus to permit expulsion. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 A non-sex chromosome fails to segregate away from its homologous chromosome, resulting in gametes with no or extra copies of the non-sex homolog. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000206 autosomal nondisjunction meiosis A non-sex chromosome fails to segregate away from its homologous chromosome, resulting in gametes with no or extra copies of the non-sex homolog. GO:0045143 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the stereotyped sequence of muscle contractions that result in defecation over a fixed time period compared to control . defecation cycle abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Dec WBPhenotype:0000207 defecation cycle variant Any variation in the stereotyped sequence of muscle contractions that result in defecation over a fixed time period compared to control . WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The mean time between the onset of the defecation motor program is greater than that observed for control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Dec-l reduced rate of defecation WBPhenotype:0000208 long defecation cycle The mean time between the onset of the defecation motor program is greater than that observed for control animals. WB:WBPaper00002315 WB:WBPaper00031896 WB:WBPerson712 The mean time between the onset of the defecation motor program is shorter than that observed for control animals. posterior body wall shortened interval C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Dec-s fast Dec increased rate of defecation WBPhenotype:0000209 short defecation cycle The mean time between the onset of the defecation motor program is shorter than that observed for control animals. WB:WBPaper00002315 WB:WBPaper00031896 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the stereotyped muscle contractions that result in defecation compared to control . In C. elegans these contractions include posterior body contraction (pBoc), anterior body contraction (aBoc), expulsion of gut contents by enteric muscle contraction (Emc) and opening of anus (Exp). defecation contraction abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000210 defecation contraction variant Any variation in the stereotyped muscle contractions that result in defecation compared to control . In C. elegans these contractions include posterior body contraction (pBoc), anterior body contraction (aBoc), expulsion of gut contents by enteric muscle contraction (Emc) and opening of anus (Exp). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The rhythmic contractions of the muscles coordinating the elimination of gut contents are no longer synchronized compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology defecation contraction mistimed WBPhenotype:0000211 defecation contraction asynchronous The rhythmic contractions of the muscles coordinating the elimination of gut contents are no longer synchronized compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals contain body regions that are more narrow or drawn together than adjacent body regions. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000212 body constriction Animals contain body regions that are more narrow or drawn together than adjacent body regions. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the progression of a zygote from formation (gamete fusion) to just prior to the first cell division compared to control. zygotic development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000213 zygotic development variant Variations in the progression of a zygote from formation (gamete fusion) to just prior to the first cell division compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals respond to alpha amanitin at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000214 alpha amanitin hypersensitive Animals respond to alpha amanitin at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals lack all germline progenitor cells, thereby resulting in the complete absence of a germline. no germline C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000215 no germ line Animals lack all germline progenitor cells, thereby resulting in the complete absence of a germline. WB:WBPaper00001477 WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the processes that govern acquisition of particular cell fates compared to control animals. cell fate specification abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000216 cell fate specification variant Any variation in the processes that govern acquisition of particular cell fates compared to control animals. WB:kmva The time in which a muscle contraction event that controls feeding is increased compared to control. Contractions of the pharynx are necessary for bacterial uptake from the surrounding environment. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000217 prolonged pharyngeal contraction The time in which a muscle contraction event that controls feeding is increased compared to control. Contractions of the pharynx are necessary for bacterial uptake from the surrounding environment. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 An excess number of vulval precursor cells receive an inductive signal leading to an increased number of VPCs adopting vulval fates compared to control animals. Hin overinduced C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000218 vulval cell induction increased An excess number of vulval precursor cells receive an inductive signal leading to an increased number of VPCs adopting vulval fates compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 Vulval precursor cells receive a decrease in inductive signal leading to fewer VPCs adopting vulval fates compared to control animals. underinduced C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000219 vulval cell induction reduced Vulval precursor cells receive a decrease in inductive signal leading to fewer VPCs adopting vulval fates compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 Any aberrancy in the processes that govern acquisition of vulval cell fates compared to control animals. vulva cell fate specification abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000220 vulva cell fate specification variant Any aberrancy in the processes that govern acquisition of vulval cell fates compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit variations in any chemical reaction or pathway involving neurotransmitters compared to control animals. Neurotransmitters are any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. neurotransmitter metabolism abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000221 neurotransmitter metabolism variant Animals exhibit variations in any chemical reaction or pathway involving neurotransmitters compared to control animals. Neurotransmitters are any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. GO:0042133 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in any chemical reaction or pathway involving serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter, compared to control. serotonin metabolism abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000222 serotonin metabolism variant Animals exhibit variations in any chemical reaction or pathway involving serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter, compared to control. GO:0042428 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in any chemical reaction or pathway involving acetylcholine, compared to control. Acetylcholine is the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. acetylcholine metabolism abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000223 acetylcholine metabolism variant Animals exhibit variations in any chemical reaction or pathway involving acetylcholine, compared to control. Acetylcholine is the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. GO:0008291 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Animals do not contain or are unable to maintain a perceivable level of serotonin capable of initiating or maintaining serotonin-dependent cell activity. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000224 serotonin deficient Animals do not contain or are unable to maintain a perceivable level of serotonin capable of initiating or maintaining serotonin-dependent cell activity. WB:WBPerson712 Animals are unable to carry out the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of serotonin. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000225 serotonin synthesis defective Animals are unable to carry out the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of serotonin. GO:0042427 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Animals are unable to carry out any chemical reaction or pathway resulting in the breakdown of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000226 serotonin catabolism defective Animals are unable to carry out any chemical reaction or pathway resulting in the breakdown of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter. GO:0042429 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 The inability of a male to properly turn during mating behavior. In C. elegans, males typically turn via a sharp ventral arch of the tail, as he approaches either the hermaphrodite head or tail. male turning abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000227 male turning defective The inability of a male to properly turn during mating behavior. In C. elegans, males typically turn via a sharp ventral arch of the tail, as he approaches either the hermaphrodite head or tail. GO:0034607 WB:WBPaper00000392 WB:WBPaper00002109 Animals accumulate a greater number of genetic lesions than control animals in the absence of an externally controlled mutagen. In C. elegans, this is often measured by observing the number of reversion events of a known mutant gene function over a couple generations. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000228 spontaneous mutation rate increased Animals accumulate a greater number of genetic lesions than control animals in the absence of an externally controlled mutagen. In C. elegans, this is often measured by observing the number of reversion events of a known mutant gene function over a couple generations. WB:WBPaper00000565 WB:WBPerson712 Animals are shorter and thinner than control animals at the same developmental stage. body size reduced C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Sma WBPhenotype:0000229 small Animals are shorter and thinner than control animals at the same developmental stage. WB:cab WB:cgc31 The girth of the region posterior to the vulva is reduced compared to that anterior to the vulva (the Wit phenotype). In C. elegans this phenotype is associated with anteriorward misplacement of the CAN neurons. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Wit WBPhenotype:0000230 tail withered The girth of the region posterior to the vulva is reduced compared to that anterior to the vulva (the Wit phenotype). In C. elegans this phenotype is associated with anteriorward misplacement of the CAN neurons. WB:WBPaper00002795 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the physical dimensions of its body compared to control animals of the same developmental stage. body size abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000231 PATO:0000117. body size variant Animals exhibit variations in the physical dimensions of its body compared to control animals of the same developmental stage. WB:WBPerson712 Variation in the migration pattern of CAN neurons. In C. elegans, CAN neurons move posteriorly from their birthplace in the head to positions near the middle of the embryo. CAN cell migration abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000232 CAN cell migration variant Variation in the migration pattern of CAN neurons. In C. elegans, CAN neurons move posteriorly from their birthplace in the head to positions near the middle of the embryo. WB:WBPaper00002795 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit variations in any chemical reaction or pathway involving dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline, compared to control. dopamine metabolism abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000233 dopamine metabolism variant Animals exhibit variations in any chemical reaction or pathway involving dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline, compared to control. GO:0042417 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Animals do not contain or are unable to maintain a the level of dopamine capable of initiating or maintaining dopamine-dependent cell activity compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology dopamine levels decreased WBPhenotype:0000234 dopamine deficient Animals do not contain or are unable to maintain a the level of dopamine capable of initiating or maintaining dopamine-dependent cell activity compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson712 Animals are unable to carry out the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dopamine. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000235 dopamine synthesis defective Animals are unable to carry out the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dopamine. GO:0042416 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Animals are unable to carry outany chemical reaction or pathway resulting in the breakdown of dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000236 dopamine catabolism defective Animals are unable to carry outany chemical reaction or pathway resulting in the breakdown of dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline. GO:0042420 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Animals extend intensity of roaming and or dwelling activity compared to control animals. In C. elegans, hyperactivity may include an increase in nose-lifts per minute. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000237 foraging hyperactive Animals extend intensity of roaming and or dwelling activity compared to control animals. In C. elegans, hyperactivity may include an increase in nose-lifts per minute. WB:WBPaper00031455 WB:WBPaper00031570 WB:WBPerson712 Animals decrease intensity or rate of roaming and or dwelling activity compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000238 foraging reduced Animals decrease intensity or rate of roaming and or dwelling activity compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00031455 WB:WBPerson712 The descendants of a vulval precursor cell exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. In C. elegans, the VPCs are P3.p-P8.p. vulval cell lineage abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology VPC lineage abnormal WBPhenotype:0000239 vulval cell lineage variant The descendants of a vulval precursor cell exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. In C. elegans, the VPCs are P3.p-P8.p. WB:WBPaper00005610 WB:WBPerson2021 The processes governing the expansion of blast cell populations vary, such that cell populations are decreased compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000240 blast cell proliferation reduced The processes governing the expansion of blast cell populations vary, such that cell populations are decreased compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit an increase in the quantity of cells that have undergone programmed cell death but have not been engulfed. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000241 accumulated cell corpses Animals exhibit an increase in the quantity of cells that have undergone programmed cell death but have not been engulfed. WB:WBPerson712 The epidermal cells of the embryo fail to elongate. In C. elegans, this elongation occurs along an anterior-posterior axis, which is required to transform the bean-shaped embryo into the elongated shape of the worm. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000242 body elongation defective The epidermal cells of the embryo fail to elongate. In C. elegans, this elongation occurs along an anterior-posterior axis, which is required to transform the bean-shaped embryo into the elongated shape of the worm. WB:WBPerson2021 Removal of cell corpses through a dedicated engulfment pathway is defective. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology corpse engulfment defective persistent cell corpses WBPhenotype:0000243 engulfment failure by killer cell Removal of cell corpses through a dedicated engulfment pathway is defective. WB:WBPerson712 Cells fail to complete the form of programmed cell death characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), classically little or no ultrastructural modifications of cytoplasmic organelles, plasma membrane blebbing (but maintenance of its integrity until the final stages of the process) and engulfment by resident phagocytes. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology apoptosis block WBPhenotype:0000244 apoptotic arrest Cells fail to complete the form of programmed cell death characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), classically little or no ultrastructural modifications of cytoplasmic organelles, plasma membrane blebbing (but maintenance of its integrity until the final stages of the process) and engulfment by resident phagocytes. WB:WBPerson712 Variations in the movement of sex myoblasts compared to control animals. In C. elegans, the larval SM migrate anteriorly to the precise center of the developing hermaphrodite gonad. SM migration abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000245 SM migration variant Variations in the movement of sex myoblasts compared to control animals. In C. elegans, the larval SM migrate anteriorly to the precise center of the developing hermaphrodite gonad. WB:WBPaper00003627 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit variation in the time of onset of the defecation motor program significantly greater than that observed for control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000246 defecation cycle variable length Animals exhibit variation in the time of onset of the defecation motor program significantly greater than that observed for control animals. WB:WBPaper00031896 WB:WBPerson712 Failure to execute the characteristic response to sodium as defined by control animals. In C. elegans, sodium is typically an attractant. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Na chemotaxis defective sodium acetate chemotaxis defective WBPhenotype:0000247 sodium chemotaxis defective Failure to execute the characteristic response to sodium as defined by control animals. In C. elegans, sodium is typically an attractant. WB:cab WB:cgc387 sodium acetate chemotaxis defective WB:WBPerson2021 OBSOLETE. sensory neuroanatomy abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000248 obsolete sensory neuroanatomy variant true OBSOLETE. WB:WBPerson557 Failure to execute the characteristic avoidance response to solutions of high osmotic strength as defined by control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000249 osmotic avoidance defective Failure to execute the characteristic avoidance response to solutions of high osmotic strength as defined by control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:cab Animals exhibit variations in any chemical reaction or pathway involving octopamine, 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol, compared to control. octopamine metabolism abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000250 octopamine metabolism variant Animals exhibit variations in any chemical reaction or pathway involving octopamine, 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol, compared to control. GO:0046333 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Animals do not contain or are unable to maintain a perceivable level of octopamine capable of initiating or maintaining dopamine-dependent cell activity. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000251 octopamine deficient Animals do not contain or are unable to maintain a perceivable level of octopamine capable of initiating or maintaining dopamine-dependent cell activity. WB:WBPerson712 Animals fail to respond to the concentration of caffeine that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000252 caffeine resistant Animals fail to respond to the concentration of caffeine that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit a lack of consistency, regularity, or uniformity while traveling from one location to another. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology movement irregular WBPhenotype:0000253 movement erratic Animals exhibit a lack of consistency, regularity, or uniformity while traveling from one location to another. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Failure to execute the characteristic response to chloride. In C. elegans, chloride is typically an attractant. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Cl chemotaxis defective WBPhenotype:0000254 chloride chemotaxis defective Failure to execute the characteristic response to chloride. In C. elegans, chloride is typically an attractant. WB:cab WB:cgc387 Animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of the components of the neuronal cells of the amphid and phasmid sensilla from that observed in control animals. In C. elegans, these neurons are commonly assayed by dye-filling experiments using FITC, DiI or DiO. amphid phasmid morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000255 WBbt:0005394, WBbt:0006753. amphid phasmid neuron morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of the components of the neuronal cells of the amphid and phasmid sensilla from that observed in control animals. In C. elegans, these neurons are commonly assayed by dye-filling experiments using FITC, DiI or DiO. WB:WBPaper00000938 Animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of the components of the neuronal cells of the amphid sensillum, from that observed in control animals. In C. elegans, these neurons are commonly assayed by dye-filling experiments using FITC, DiI or DiO. amphid morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000256 WBbt:0005394. amphid neuron morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of the components of the neuronal cells of the amphid sensillum, from that observed in control animals. In C. elegans, these neurons are commonly assayed by dye-filling experiments using FITC, DiI or DiO. WB:WBPaper00000938 Animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of the components of the neuronal cells of the phasmid sensillum, from that observed in control animals. In C. elegans, these neurons are commonly assayed by dye-filling experiments using FITC, DiI or DiO. phasmid morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000257 WBbt:0006753. phasmid neuron morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of the components of the neuronal cells of the phasmid sensillum, from that observed in control animals. In C. elegans, these neurons are commonly assayed by dye-filling experiments using FITC, DiI or DiO. WB:WBPaper00000938 Variations in the regulated release of substances by a cell compared to control. WBPhenotype:0000723 cellular secretion abnormal cell secretion abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000258 cell secretion variant Variations in the regulated release of substances by a cell compared to control. GO:0032940 WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the regulated release of substances by nonneuronal cells that enclose or ensheath the tips of the sensory dendrites compared to control. sheath cell secretion abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000259 sheath cell secretion variant Variations in the regulated release of substances by nonneuronal cells that enclose or ensheath the tips of the sensory dendrites compared to control. WB:WBPaper00000822 WB:WBPerson2021 The regulated release of materials by sheath cells is disrupted. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000260 sheath cell secretion failure The regulated release of materials by sheath cells is disrupted. WB:WBPaper00028924 WB:WBPerson2021 Amphid sheath cells lack the ability to secrete vesicles and their contents within the amphid pocket. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000261 amphid sheath secretion failure Amphid sheath cells lack the ability to secrete vesicles and their contents within the amphid pocket. WB:WBPaper00028924 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit variations in the structure or composition of the microtubule-based fibrillar bundle (axoneme) that makes up the core of the middle part of the cilium (in a pattern of nine doublet microtubules attached to the membrane and a variable number of smaller singlet microtubules occupying the center). In C. elegans, the axoneme microtubules are arranged in a pattern of nine doublets attached to the membrane with seven smaller singlet microtubules occupying the center. axoneme morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000262 axoneme morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the structure or composition of the microtubule-based fibrillar bundle (axoneme) that makes up the core of the middle part of the cilium (in a pattern of nine doublet microtubules attached to the membrane and a variable number of smaller singlet microtubules occupying the center). In C. elegans, the axoneme microtubules are arranged in a pattern of nine doublets attached to the membrane with seven smaller singlet microtubules occupying the center. WB:WBPaper00000932 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 The microbule-based fibrillar bundle in the core of the cilium is reduced in length compared to axonemes of similar cells in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000263 axoneme short The microbule-based fibrillar bundle in the core of the cilium is reduced in length compared to axonemes of similar cells in control animals. WB:WBPaper00000932 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Failure to execute the characteristic response to cAMP as defined by control animals. In C. elegans, cAMP is typically an attractant. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000264 cAMP chemotaxis defective Failure to execute the characteristic response to cAMP as defined by control animals. In C. elegans, cAMP is typically an attractant. WB:WBPaper00001481 WB:WBPaper00002033 WB:cab WB:cgc387 Movement towards typically attractive volatile organic chemicals is altered as defined by control animals. In C. elegans, these odorants are typically sensed by the AWA and AWC neurons. odorant positive chemotaxis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000265 odorant positive chemotaxis variant Movement towards typically attractive volatile organic chemicals is altered as defined by control animals. In C. elegans, these odorants are typically sensed by the AWA and AWC neurons. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:cab WB:cgc1786 Variations that disrupt stereotypical cleavage patterns (such as cleavage rate, division axes or asymmetric division) compared to control. cell cleavage abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000266 cell cleavage variant Variations that disrupt stereotypical cleavage patterns (such as cleavage rate, division axes or asymmetric division) compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation that causes a delay in the stereotypical cleavage event compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000267 cell cleavage delayed Any variation that causes a delay in the stereotypical cleavage event compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation that causes a delay in the stereotypical cleavage pattern of the P cell compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000268 P cell cleavage delayed Any variation that causes a delay in the stereotypical cleavage pattern of the P cell compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 OBSOLETE. Animals display a phenotype that has not yet been assigned to a current classification. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000269 obsolete unclassified true OBSOLETE. Animals display a phenotype that has not yet been assigned to a current classification. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Seemingly unrelated variations that concurrently occur during early embryonic development compared to control animals. In C. elegans, this can include multiple pronuclei, aberrant cytoplasmic texture, decrease in overall pace of development and osmotic sensitivity. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000270 pleiotropic defects severe early emb Seemingly unrelated variations that concurrently occur during early embryonic development compared to control animals. In C. elegans, this can include multiple pronuclei, aberrant cytoplasmic texture, decrease in overall pace of development and osmotic sensitivity. WB:cab WB:cgc7141 OBSOLETE. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000271 obsolete cell cycle slow true The rate of the intrinsic behavioral program that serves to move fertilized eggs down the uterus, through the vulva, and out of the worm onto the substrate does not conform to the pattern observed in control animals (Wormatlas). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000272 egg laying irregular The rate of the intrinsic behavioral program that serves to move fertilized eggs down the uterus, through the vulva, and out of the worm onto the substrate does not conform to the pattern observed in control animals (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The number of body thrashes within an aqueous environment in a given period of time are reduced compared with control worms. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000273 thrashing reduced The number of body thrashes within an aqueous environment in a given period of time are reduced compared with control worms. WB:cab WB:cgc7388 Animals lay eggs that are inviable. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000274 dead eggs laid Animals lay eggs that are inviable. WB:cab Organisms respond to UV at a lower dose or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000275 organism UV hypersensitive Organisms respond to UV at a lower dose or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in their response to X-ray radiation compared to that observed in control animals. organism X ray response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000276 organism X ray response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to X-ray radiation compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson557 The timing of a biological cycle that recurs with regularity is delayed compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000277 rhythm slow The timing of a biological cycle that recurs with regularity is delayed compared to control. GO:0048511 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter transparency or translucency of a particular body region. body region pigmentation abnormal body region pigmentation variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000278 body region pigmentation phenotype Animals exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter transparency or translucency of a particular body region. WB:WBPerson557 Males exhibit defects in the insertion of the male copulatory spicules into the mating partner. In C. elegan spicule insertion behavior initiates when the male cloaca contacts the vulva. During most mating encounters, the spicule tips will prod the vulva continuously until they partially penetrate, which then causes the protractors to contract completely so that the spicules extend through the vulva. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000279 spicule insertion defective Males exhibit defects in the insertion of the male copulatory spicules into the mating partner. In C. elegan spicule insertion behavior initiates when the male cloaca contacts the vulva. During most mating encounters, the spicule tips will prod the vulva continuously until they partially penetrate, which then causes the protractors to contract completely so that the spicules extend through the vulva. GO:0034609 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The small linear ridges running along the lateral lines of the cuticle, lengthwise along the body, contain gaps as opposed to a continuous arrangement (Wormatlas). gapped alae C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000280 breaks in alae The small linear ridges running along the lateral lines of the cuticle, lengthwise along the body, contain gaps as opposed to a continuous arrangement (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the progression of the muscles of the adult male reproductive system over time form their initial formation to their mature structure compared to control. male sex muscle development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000281 male sex muscle development variant Variations in the progression of the muscles of the adult male reproductive system over time form their initial formation to their mature structure compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the progression of the muscles of the adult hermaphrodite reproductive system over time form their initial formation to their mature structure compared to control. hermaphrodite sex muscle development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000282 hermaphrodite sex muscle development variant Variations in the progression of the muscles of the adult hermaphrodite reproductive system over time form their initial formation to their mature structure compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit defects in the continuity of lumen between the vulva and uterus compared to control animals. AC block C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000283 vulva uterus connection defective Animals exhibit defects in the continuity of lumen between the vulva and uterus compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00003386 WB:WBPaper00006298 WB:WBPaper00027236 WB:WBPaper00027316 WB:WBPerson712 Any defect in the process whereby a male inseminates his partner by introducing sperm into the genital tract. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000284 sperm transfer defective Any defect in the process whereby a male inseminates his partner by introducing sperm into the genital tract. GO:0007320 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The extreme ends of any of the finger-like sensory sensilla that project from the tail and embed in the male fan appear bloated or distended. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000285 ray tips swollen The extreme ends of any of the finger-like sensory sensilla that project from the tail and embed in the male fan appear bloated or distended. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Embryos fail to be organized in the same manner as observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000286 embryo disorganized Embryos fail to be organized in the same manner as observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 OBSOLETE. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000287 obsolete vulval invagination L4 abnormal true Variations in the progression of the lineages that gives rise to all germ cells, lying in the region adjacent to the proximal gonad (on the side furthest from the founder cells of the somatic gonad), over time compared to control animals. distal germline abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology distal germ line abnormal WBPhenotype:0000288 distal germline variant Variations in the progression of the lineages that gives rise to all germ cells, lying in the region adjacent to the proximal gonad (on the side furthest from the founder cells of the somatic gonad), over time compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the form, structure or composition of the portion of the somatic gonad which encloses the fertilized eggs after their passage through the spermatheca compared to control (Wormatlas). uterus morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000289 uterus morphology variant Any variation in the form, structure or composition of the portion of the somatic gonad which encloses the fertilized eggs after their passage through the spermatheca compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals lack fully specialized male gametes that are competent for fertilization. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology no sperm WBPhenotype:0000290 sperm absent Animals lack fully specialized male gametes that are competent for fertilization. WB:WBPerson2021 Hermaphrodites lack fully specialized female gametes that are competent for fertilization. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology oocytes absent WBPhenotype:0000291 no oocytes Hermaphrodites lack fully specialized female gametes that are competent for fertilization. WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter transparency/translucency of a organ system. organ system pigmentation abnormal organ system pigmentation variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000292 organ system pigmentation phenotype Animals exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter transparency/translucency of a organ system. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter transparency/translucency of the alimentary system. alimentary system pigmentation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000293 alimentary system pigmentation variant Animals exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter transparency/translucency of the alimentary system. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that decrease the transparency/translucency of the intestine. Din C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000294 intestine dark Animals exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that decrease the transparency/translucency of the intestine. WB:WBPerson557 Animals are able to survive for longer periods at temperatures above standard culture temperatures than control animals. intrinsic thermotolerance increased C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000295 thermotolerance increased Animals are able to survive for longer periods at temperatures above standard culture temperatures than control animals. WB:WBPaper00005836 WB:WBPerson712 The elongated sclerotized structures covered by a hardened layer of cuticle in the male tail (which are actively everted during copulation to fasten the male copulatory fan to the vulva) are deformed. In C. elegans males there are two copulatory spicules. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000296 spicules crumpled The elongated sclerotized structures covered by a hardened layer of cuticle in the male tail (which are actively everted during copulation to fasten the male copulatory fan to the vulva) are deformed. In C. elegans males there are two copulatory spicules. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any of the finger-like sensory sensilla that project from the tail and embed in the male fan are joined to one another. WBPhenotype:0001241 ray fusion C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000297 rays fused Any of the finger-like sensory sensilla that project from the tail and embed in the male fan are joined to one another. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any of the finger-like sensory sensilla that project from the tail and embed in the male fan are shifted from their customary place. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000298 rays displaced Any of the finger-like sensory sensilla that project from the tail and embed in the male fan are shifted from their customary place. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of the components of the sense organs comprised of ciliated sensory nerve endings enveloped by sheath and/or socket cells, from that observed in control animals. sensillum morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology chemosensory cell morphology abnormal WBPhenotype:0000299 sensillum morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of the components of the sense organs comprised of ciliated sensory nerve endings enveloped by sheath and/or socket cells, from that observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00000214 WB:WBPaper00000938 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the structure or composition of the amphid sensillum cell that ensheathes the dendrite tips of channel neurons and wing cell dedritic processes, from that observed in control animals. Sheath cells in C.elegans have highly invaginated and vesiculated surfaces, which provide a specialized environment for the dendritic structures. amphid sheath cell morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000300 amphid sheath cell morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the structure or composition of the amphid sensillum cell that ensheathes the dendrite tips of channel neurons and wing cell dedritic processes, from that observed in control animals. Sheath cells in C.elegans have highly invaginated and vesiculated surfaces, which provide a specialized environment for the dendritic structures. WB:WBPaper00000214 WB:WBPaper00000503 WB:WBPaper00000822 WB:WBPerson712 A migrating distal tip cell (DTC) fails to follow the stereotypical path. In C. elegans this path is U-shaped and results in the formation of reflexed gonadal arm. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000301 distal tip cell reflex failure A migrating distal tip cell (DTC) fails to follow the stereotypical path. In C. elegans this path is U-shaped and results in the formation of reflexed gonadal arm. WB:WBPaper00029151 WB:WBPerson2021 Failure to execute the characteristic response to benzaldehyde as defined by control animals. In C.elegans benzaldehyde is typically attractive. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000302 benzaldehyde chemotaxis defective Failure to execute the characteristic response to benzaldehyde as defined by control animals. In C.elegans benzaldehyde is typically attractive. WB:WBPaper00001786 Failure to execute the characteristic response to diacetyl as defined by control animals. In C.elegans diacetyl is typically attractive. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000303 diacetyl chemotaxis defective Failure to execute the characteristic response to diacetyl as defined by control animals. In C.elegans diacetyl is typically attractive. WB:WBPaper00001786 Failure to execute the characteristic response to isoamyl alcohol as defined by control animals. In C.elegans isoamyl alcohol is typically attractive. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000304 isoamyl alcohol chemotaxis defective Failure to execute the characteristic response to isoamyl alcohol as defined by control animals. In C.elegans isoamyl alcohol is typically attractive. WB:cab WB:cgc1786 Animals exhibit variations in any of a series of events in which a pheromone stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal that influences behavior in control animals. pheromone sensation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000305 pheromone sensation variant Animals exhibit variations in any of a series of events in which a pheromone stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal that influences behavior in control animals. GO:0043695 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the characteristic expression of a gene product produced by exogenous DNA that has been introduced into the organism compared to control animals. transgene expression abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000306 transgene expression variant Any variation in the characteristic expression of a gene product produced by exogenous DNA that has been introduced into the organism compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals fail to detect a pheromone stimulus that induces dauer formation in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000307 dauer pheromone sensation defective Animals fail to detect a pheromone stimulus that induces dauer formation in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the processes that govern development of the dauer larva, a developmentally arrested, larval stage that is specialized for survival under harsh, or otherwise unfavorable, environmental conditions. In C. elegans this is an alternative third larval stage. WBPhenotype:0000159 dauer development abnormal dauer development variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology dauer arrest abnormal dauer arrest variant diapause variant WBPhenotype:0000308 dauer development phenotype Any variation in the processes that govern development of the dauer larva, a developmentally arrested, larval stage that is specialized for survival under harsh, or otherwise unfavorable, environmental conditions. In C. elegans this is an alternative third larval stage. WB:kmva Any variation that decreases the ability of dauer larva to tolerate the exposure to sodium dodecyl sulfate (a detergent) compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000309 SDS sensitive dauer Any variation that decreases the ability of dauer larva to tolerate the exposure to sodium dodecyl sulfate (a detergent) compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Neurons lack the finger-like dendritic projections, which are observed extending from similar cells in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000310 cilia absent Neurons lack the finger-like dendritic projections, which are observed extending from similar cells in control animals. WB:WBPaper00000932 WB:WBPerson712 OBSOLETE. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000311 obsolete semi sterile true Animals are incapable of synthesizing pheromones that induce dauer formation in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000312 dauer pheromone production defective Animals are incapable of synthesizing pheromones that induce dauer formation in control animals. GO:0042446 WB:WBPerson2021 Developing oocytes show defects in their initial entry or progression through the meiotic pathway (such as failure to exit diakinesis). meiotic progression during oogenesis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000313 meiotic progression during oogenesis variant Developing oocytes show defects in their initial entry or progression through the meiotic pathway (such as failure to exit diakinesis). WB:WBPaper00026997 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals are slight or meager in body size compared to control animals at the same developmental stage. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000314 scrawny Animals are slight or meager in body size compared to control animals at the same developmental stage. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation with respect to perception or response to mechanical stimuli compared to control animals. WBPhenotype:0000513 Mec touch response abnormal mechanosensation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000315 mechanosensation variant Any variation with respect to perception or response to mechanical stimuli compared to control animals. WB:cab Failure to execute a characteristic response when struck or stroked in the posterior region. In C. elegans, animals move forward movement when struck or stroked in the posterior region, usually with a hair or similar fiber. The posterior region lies between the vulva and the tail. touch resistant posterior body C_elegans_phenotype_ontology touch insensitive tail WBPhenotype:0000316 touch resistant tail Failure to execute a characteristic response when struck or stroked in the posterior region. In C. elegans, animals move forward movement when struck or stroked in the posterior region, usually with a hair or similar fiber. The posterior region lies between the vulva and the tail. WB:WBPaper00000502 WB:WBPaper00001133 WB:WBPaper00001705 WB:WBPerson557 Animals are deficient in the foraging response in which an animal quickly pulls its head away from a stimulus to the nose (Wormatlas). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000317 head withdrawal defective Animals are deficient in the foraging response in which an animal quickly pulls its head away from a stimulus to the nose (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Cells of the animals proceed through their replicative phase at a pace slower than observed for control cells. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000318 cell cycle delayed Cells of the animals proceed through their replicative phase at a pace slower than observed for control cells. WB:WBPerson712 Animals have increased girth and increased length compared to control animals at the same developmental stage. body size enlarged C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000319 large Animals have increased girth and increased length compared to control animals at the same developmental stage. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals show a decrease in survivorship after thawing compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000320 reduced viability after freezing Animals show a decrease in survivorship after thawing compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of any portion of the extreme anterior part of their body compared to control. nose morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000321 nose morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of any portion of the extreme anterior part of their body compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The extreme anterior part of the body appears blunted in shape. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000322 nose rounded The extreme anterior part of the body appears blunted in shape. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The most anterior portion of the animal appears bloated or distended. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000323 head swollen The most anterior portion of the animal appears bloated or distended. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit a decreased body length compared to control animals of the same developmental stage. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000324 short Animals exhibit a decreased body length compared to control animals of the same developmental stage. WB:WBPerson712 Animals respond to arecoline at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000325 arecoline hypersensitive Animals respond to arecoline at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals fail to respond to the concentration of arecoline that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000326 arecoline resistant Animals fail to respond to the concentration of arecoline that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Any defect in the muscle contractions of the extended anterior region of the pharynx lying just anterior to the isthmus and terminal bulb (Wormatlas). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000327 corpus contraction defect Any defect in the muscle contractions of the extended anterior region of the pharynx lying just anterior to the isthmus and terminal bulb (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the rhythmic contractions of the posterior pharynx (terminal bulb), such as timing, strength etc. In C. elegans contraction of the terminal bulb inverts the grinder, allowing bacteria in front of the grinder to be broken up and transported to the intestine. terminal bulb contraction abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000328 terminal bulb contraction variant Variations in the rhythmic contractions of the posterior pharynx (terminal bulb), such as timing, strength etc. In C. elegans contraction of the terminal bulb inverts the grinder, allowing bacteria in front of the grinder to be broken up and transported to the intestine. WB:WBPaper00001696 The rhythmic contractions of pharyngeal compartments are no longer synchronized compared to control. In C. elegans the corpus and terminal bulb normally contract simultaneously. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000329 pumping asynchronous The rhythmic contractions of pharyngeal compartments are no longer synchronized compared to control. In C. elegans the corpus and terminal bulb normally contract simultaneously. WB:WBPaper00001696 Defects in rhythmic pharyngeal relaxations compared to control animals. In C. elegans pharyngeal relaxation follows a contraction event and facilitates bacterial trapping within the pharynx while expelling liquid. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000330 pharyngeal relaxation defective Defects in rhythmic pharyngeal relaxations compared to control animals. In C. elegans pharyngeal relaxation follows a contraction event and facilitates bacterial trapping within the pharynx while expelling liquid. WB:WBPaper00001709 Animals fail to respond to the concentration of sodium potassium ATPase antagonists that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. ouabain resistant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000331 inhibitors of na k atpase resistant Animals fail to respond to the concentration of sodium potassium ATPase antagonists that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 Animals respond to inhibitors of sodium potassium ATPase at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000332 inhibitors of sodium potassium ATPase hypersensitive Animals respond to inhibitors of sodium potassium ATPase at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 The time interval of the stereotyped sequence of muscle contractions by individual pharyngeal muscles that act to draw food into the pharynx is shorter compared to that observed in control (Wormatlas). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000333 pharyngeal pumps brief The time interval of the stereotyped sequence of muscle contractions by individual pharyngeal muscles that act to draw food into the pharynx is shorter compared to that observed in control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Failure of muscle contractions in the corpus and isthmus to trap and transport bacteria posteriorly in the pharynx. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000334 isthmus corpus slippery Failure of muscle contractions in the corpus and isthmus to trap and transport bacteria posteriorly in the pharynx. WB:WBPaper00001696 Failure of pharyngeal contractions to trap and transport bacteria posteriorly. In C. elegans this defect results in a distention of the pharyngeal lumen. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000335 pharynx slippery Failure of pharyngeal contractions to trap and transport bacteria posteriorly. In C. elegans this defect results in a distention of the pharyngeal lumen. WB:WBPaper00001696 Variations in the rhythmic relaxations of the posterior pharynx (terminal bulb). In C. elegans the relaxation of the terminal bulb returns the grinder to its relaxed forward position. terminal bulb relaxation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000336 terminal bulb relaxation variant Variations in the rhythmic relaxations of the posterior pharynx (terminal bulb). In C. elegans the relaxation of the terminal bulb returns the grinder to its relaxed forward position. WB:WBPaper00001696 Failure of the grinder to come to a full relaxed position between pumps compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000337 grinder relaxation defective Failure of the grinder to come to a full relaxed position between pumps compared to control. WB:WBPaper00001709 Swelling in the post anal region compared to control. In C. elegans this swelling can be associated with infection from the nematode-specific bacterial pathogen, Microbacterium nematophilum. Dar C_elegans_phenotype_ontology deformed anal region WBPhenotype:0000338 tail swelling Swelling in the post anal region compared to control. In C. elegans this swelling can be associated with infection from the nematode-specific bacterial pathogen, Microbacterium nematophilum. WB:WBPaper00026735 WB:cab Worms sporatically appear turgid or swollen as a result of an excess number of eggs being retained in the uterus. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000339 transient bloating Worms sporatically appear turgid or swollen as a result of an excess number of eggs being retained in the uterus. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals fail to respond to the concentration of imipramine that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000340 imipramine resistant Animals fail to respond to the concentration of imipramine that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals respond to imipramine at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000341 imipramine hypersensitive Animals respond to imipramine at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the form, structure or composition of the adult male tail including the lateral fan and rays compared to control. bursa morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000342 bursa morphology variant Any variation in the form, structure or composition of the adult male tail including the lateral fan and rays compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 OBSOLETE. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000343 obsolete cloaca morphology abnormal true Any of the contents that comprise the epithelial chamber that links the genital and alimentary tracts to the exterior via the anus extend into the external environment through the cloacal opening. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000344 cloacal structures protrude Any of the contents that comprise the epithelial chamber that links the genital and alimentary tracts to the exterior via the anus extend into the external environment through the cloacal opening. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation that alters the physical partitioning and separation of a vulval precursor cell into daughter cells compared to control. VPC cell division abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000345 VPC cell division variant Any variation that alters the physical partitioning and separation of a vulval precursor cell into daughter cells compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Adult animals exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter its transparency/translucency compared to control animals. adult pigmentation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000346 adult pigmentation variant Adult animals exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter its transparency/translucency compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the progression of the cuticle-lined sinus opening on the posterior ventral surface of the animal over time from its formation to its mature structure compared to control (Wormatlas). The function of the rectum is to excrete waste products from the alimentary system. rectal development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000347 rectal development variant Any variation in the progression of the cuticle-lined sinus opening on the posterior ventral surface of the animal over time from its formation to its mature structure compared to control (Wormatlas). The function of the rectum is to excrete waste products from the alimentary system. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 OBSOLETE. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000348 obsolete muscle activation defective true A semi-paralysed body phenotype in which muscle tone is lost and the animal fails to actively control its body shape (Wormatlas). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology floppy limp WBPhenotype:0000349 flaccid A semi-paralysed body phenotype in which muscle tone is lost and the animal fails to actively control its body shape (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the structure or appearance of the thin cuticle specialization found at the extreme posterior end of the hermaphrodite tail compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000350 hermaphrodite tail spike variant Any variation in the structure or appearance of the thin cuticle specialization found at the extreme posterior end of the hermaphrodite tail compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals fail to emerge from an egg shell. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000351 failure to hatch Animals fail to emerge from an egg shell. GO:0035188 WB:WBPerson2021 Backward movement is not coordinated as in control. This often causes jerky or spastic backward locomotion. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000352 backing uncoordinated Backward movement is not coordinated as in control. This often causes jerky or spastic backward locomotion. WB:WBPaper00001709 Animals spend more time backing compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000353 backing increased Animals spend more time backing compared to control animals. WB:cab Variations in the processes leading to the specialization of cell. Differentiation impacts diverse cellular properties such as size, shape, polarity, gene expression and responsiveness to signals/cues. cell differentiation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000354 cell differentiation variant Variations in the processes leading to the specialization of cell. Differentiation impacts diverse cellular properties such as size, shape, polarity, gene expression and responsiveness to signals/cues. WB:WBPerson2021 Specialization of HSN precursor cells to mature HSN neurons occurs at an earlier stage of development compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000355 HSN differentiation precocious Specialization of HSN precursor cells to mature HSN neurons occurs at an earlier stage of development compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 The progression of immature germ cells to functional sperm is retarded compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000356 spermatogenesis delayed The progression of immature germ cells to functional sperm is retarded compared to control. WB:WBPaper00005566 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals lay inactivated oocytes. In C elegans this may be due to perturbations that eliminate spermatogenesis or result in the production of defective sperm. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000357 unfertilized oocytes laid Animals lay inactivated oocytes. In C elegans this may be due to perturbations that eliminate spermatogenesis or result in the production of defective sperm. WB:WBPaper00001075 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals execute supernumerary cell divisions post-hatching. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology supernumerary cell divisions WBPhenotype:0000358 extra cell division postembryonic Animals execute supernumerary cell divisions post-hatching. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the response to the addition of tunicamycin compared to that observed in control animals. Tunicamycin induces the unfolded protein response. tunicamycin response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000359 tunicamycin response variant Animals exhibit variations in the response to the addition of tunicamycin compared to that observed in control animals. Tunicamycin induces the unfolded protein response. WB:WBPaper00030877 WB:WBperson557 The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of, or within the cytoplasm of a cell is impaired. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000360 Possible XP. cytoplasmic streaming defective The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of, or within the cytoplasm of a cell is impaired. GO:0016482 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Cessation of development at an intermediate stage in embryogenesis, immediately following the completion of gastrulation. In C. elegans this occurs around 350-390 minutes after first cleavage, cell number is at approximately 560 cells. At this time cell proliferation ceases and the embryo begins morphogenesis and elongation. The shape of the entire embryo within the eggshell resembles a lima bean (Wormatlas). Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology arrest during epiboly WBPhenotype:0000361 lima bean arrest Cessation of development at an intermediate stage in embryogenesis, immediately following the completion of gastrulation. In C. elegans this occurs around 350-390 minutes after first cleavage, cell number is at approximately 560 cells. At this time cell proliferation ceases and the embryo begins morphogenesis and elongation. The shape of the entire embryo within the eggshell resembles a lima bean (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the progression of the fluid-filled compartment inside the developing embryo at the onset of gastrulation over time from its formation to its mature structure compared to control (Wormatlas). blastocoel abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000362 blastocoel variant Any variation in the progression of the fluid-filled compartment inside the developing embryo at the onset of gastrulation over time from its formation to its mature structure compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation that delays the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000363 cell division slow Any variation that delays the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The birefringent inclusions typically found in the intestinal cytoplasm accumulate extracellularly in the intestinal lumen. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000364 gut granule birefringence misplaced The birefringent inclusions typically found in the intestinal cytoplasm accumulate extracellularly in the intestinal lumen. WB:WBPaper00025094 Variations in the ability of an embryo to maintain osmotic balance. In C.elegans this can result in an embryo filling the egg shell and lysing. Emb Eos C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000365 embryo osmotic integrity defective early emb Variations in the ability of an embryo to maintain osmotic balance. In C.elegans this can result in an embryo filling the egg shell and lysing. WB:cab WB:cgc7141 Cessation of development that normally occurs in C. elegans 520-620min after the first cleavage at 20C, the stage between the 2-fold and fully elongated embryo. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology active elongation arrest WBPhenotype:0000366 three fold arrest Cessation of development that normally occurs in C. elegans 520-620min after the first cleavage at 20C, the stage between the 2-fold and fully elongated embryo. WB:WBPerson101 Cessation of development during the middle stage in embryogenesis of the worm in which the embryo is slightly folded within the eggshell (Wormatlas). Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology end of epiboly arrest WBPhenotype:0000367 comma arrest emb Cessation of development during the middle stage in embryogenesis of the worm in which the embryo is slightly folded within the eggshell (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Cessation of development that normally occurs in C. elegans 420-460 min after the first embryonic cleavage at 20C, the stage between the comma and 2-fold embryo. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology arrest beginning elongation WBPhenotype:0000368 one point five fold arrest emb Cessation of development that normally occurs in C. elegans 420-460 min after the first embryonic cleavage at 20C, the stage between the comma and 2-fold embryo. WB:WBPerson101 Cessation of development during the final two stages in embryogenesis, 'early pretzel' stage and 'late pretzel' stage, just prior to hatching. The animal now is folded into four lengths within the eggshell and resembles a pretzel. By early pretzel stage, the head begins to move independently from the body (Wormatlas). Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology end of elongation arrest WBPhenotype:0000369 pretzel arrest Cessation of development during the final two stages in embryogenesis, 'early pretzel' stage and 'late pretzel' stage, just prior to hatching. The animal now is folded into four lengths within the eggshell and resembles a pretzel. By early pretzel stage, the head begins to move independently from the body (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The fertilized oocytes have a greater than standard length measured end to end compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000370 egg long The fertilized oocytes have a greater than standard length measured end to end compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells is interupted. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000371 cell division incomplete The physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells is interupted. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals lack the two small cells produced, each during one of the two meiotic cell divisions (Wormatlas). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000372 no polar body formation Animals lack the two small cells produced, each during one of the two meiotic cell divisions (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The overall structure or appearance of fertilized oocytes that are laid exhibit nonconsistent and significant deviation from that of control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000373 egg shape variable The overall structure or appearance of fertilized oocytes that are laid exhibit nonconsistent and significant deviation from that of control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The time interval in which early embryonic cell divisions occur is increased compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000374 early divisions prolonged The time interval in which early embryonic cell divisions occur is increased compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The time interval in which late embryonic cell divisions occur is increased compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000375 later divisions prolonged The time interval in which late embryonic cell divisions occur is increased compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals lack the inner space of the uterus through which the fertilized egg passes on its way out of the nematode via the vulva (Wormatlas). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000376 no uterine cavity Animals lack the inner space of the uterus through which the fertilized egg passes on its way out of the nematode via the vulva (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of the internal space of the excretory canal compared to control animals. canal lumen morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000377 canal lumen morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of the internal space of the excretory canal compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Pharyngeal muscle contractions show less displacement than that observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000378 pharyngeal pumping shallow Pharyngeal muscle contractions show less displacement than that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The most anterior portion of the animal contains a V-shaped indentation. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000379 head notched The most anterior portion of the animal contains a V-shaped indentation. WB:WBPaper00000031 The final step of the defecation motor program does not occur at each cycle, but is activated occasionally. During this step in C. elegans specialized enteric muscles contract to expel the contents of the gut through the anus. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000380 expulsion infrequent The final step of the defecation motor program does not occur at each cycle, but is activated occasionally. During this step in C. elegans specialized enteric muscles contract to expel the contents of the gut through the anus. WB:WBPaper00002315 WB:WBPerson712 Animals fail to respond to the concentration of serotonin reuptake inhibitors that elicit a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000381 serotonin reuptake inhibitor resistant Animals fail to respond to the concentration of serotonin reuptake inhibitors that elicit a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals respond to serotonin reuptake inhibitors at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000382 serotonin reuptake inhibitor hypersensitive Animals respond to serotonin reuptake inhibitors at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 The de novo synthesis of any lipid species is reduced compared to that observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology lipid synthesis decreased WBPhenotype:0000383 lipid synthesis defective The de novo synthesis of any lipid species is reduced compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson712 Variations in the cue-directed extension of an axon towards a specific target site compared to control. (Axon guidance often depends on a combination of attractive and repulsive cues). axon guidance abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology axon pathfinding abnormal WBPhenotype:0000384 axon guidance variant Variations in the cue-directed extension of an axon towards a specific target site compared to control. (Axon guidance often depends on a combination of attractive and repulsive cues). GO:0048846 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals produce an increased sperm population compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000385 sperm excess Animals produce an increased sperm population compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Programmed cell death of germ cells caused by exposure to DNA-damaging chemical agents does not occur to the same extent as it does in control animals. genotoxic induced apoptosis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology DNA damage induced apoptosis abnormal WBPhenotype:0000386 genotoxic chemical induced apoptosis variant Programmed cell death of germ cells caused by exposure to DNA-damaging chemical agents does not occur to the same extent as it does in control animals. WB:WBPaper00032006 WB:WBPaper00032243 WB:WBPaper00032356 WB:WBPerson712 The mature male gametes lack self-propelled movement. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000387 sperm nonmotile The mature male gametes lack self-propelled movement. GO:0030317 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the form, structure or composition of the mature male gamete, which merges with an oocyte to create a fertilized embryo copared to control (Wormatlas). sperm morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000388 sperm morphology variant Any variation in the form, structure or composition of the mature male gamete, which merges with an oocyte to create a fertilized embryo copared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any perturbation that renders hermaphrodite derived sperm incompetent at fertilizing an oocyte. Fer Spe C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000389 hermaphrodite sperm fertilization defective Any perturbation that renders hermaphrodite derived sperm incompetent at fertilizing an oocyte. WB:WBPaper00001075 WB:WBPerson2021 Spermatids fail to mature into active sperm. In C. elegans round sessile spermatids mature into spermatozoa (polarized cells with a motile pseudopod), upon copulation or treatment with proteases. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology spermiogenesis defective WBPhenotype:0000390 spermatid activation defective Spermatids fail to mature into active sperm. In C. elegans round sessile spermatids mature into spermatozoa (polarized cells with a motile pseudopod), upon copulation or treatment with proteases. WB:WBPaper00000884 WB:WBPaper00027300 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals lack one or more of the stereotyped muscle contractions that result in defecation compared to control. In C. elegans these contractions include posterior body contraction (pBoc), anterior body contraction (aBoc), expulsion of gut contents by enteric muscle contraction (Emc) and opening of anus (Exp). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000391 defecation missing motor steps Animals lack one or more of the stereotyped muscle contractions that result in defecation compared to control. In C. elegans these contractions include posterior body contraction (pBoc), anterior body contraction (aBoc), expulsion of gut contents by enteric muscle contraction (Emc) and opening of anus (Exp). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit an increase in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that fluoresce in the intestine. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000392 intestinal fluorescence increased Animals exhibit an increase in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that fluoresce in the intestine. WB:WBPerson557 Characteristic movement of cells from one site to another is abolished compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000393 cell migration failure Characteristic movement of cells from one site to another is abolished compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the movement of a protein through a gel matrix when an electric field is applied compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000394 electrophoretic variant protein Any variation in the movement of a protein through a gel matrix when an electric field is applied compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals are agametic (lack mature germ cells). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000395 no differentiated gametes Animals are agametic (lack mature germ cells). WB:WBPerson2021 Gonadal arms do not bend or curve. In C. elegans gonad arms normally reflex to form a stereotypical U-shaped pattern. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000396 non reflexed gonad arms Gonadal arms do not bend or curve. In C. elegans gonad arms normally reflex to form a stereotypical U-shaped pattern. WB:WBPaper00005086 WB:WBPaper00029151 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals do not respond to prodding with a fine platinum wire or similar tool compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology harsh body touch insensitive WBPhenotype:0000397 harsh body touch resistant Animals do not respond to prodding with a fine platinum wire or similar tool compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00000502 Animals do not respond to stroking to the head or tail with a hair or similar fiber, but does respond to stronger mechanical stimuli such as prodding with a fine platinum wire or similar tool compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology light body touch insensitive WBPhenotype:0000398 light body touch resistant Animals do not respond to stroking to the head or tail with a hair or similar fiber, but does respond to stronger mechanical stimuli such as prodding with a fine platinum wire or similar tool compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00000502 Any variation in the progression of the components of the gonad that are separate from the germline proper over time from its formation to its mature structure compared to control (Wormatlas). somatic gonad development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000399 somatic gonad development variant Any variation in the progression of the components of the gonad that are separate from the germline proper over time from its formation to its mature structure compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The developmental progression of the set of precursor cells that later give rise to the somatic tissues of the gonadal tract is impaired (Wormatlas). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000400 somatic gonad primordium development defective The developmental progression of the set of precursor cells that later give rise to the somatic tissues of the gonadal tract is impaired (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals lack the portion of the somatic gonad which encloses the fertilized eggs after their passage through the spermatheca (Wormatlas). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000401 no uterus Animals lack the portion of the somatic gonad which encloses the fertilized eggs after their passage through the spermatheca (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Lawn avoidance refers to behavior in which animals initially enter the bacterial lawn but later exit and remain near the edge of the bacteria. Lawn avoidance is often a response to bacterial food, that is pathogenic or low quality to the animal. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000402 avoids bacterial lawn Lawn avoidance refers to behavior in which animals initially enter the bacterial lawn but later exit and remain near the edge of the bacteria. Lawn avoidance is often a response to bacterial food, that is pathogenic or low quality to the animal. WB:WBPaper00029071 WB:WBPerson2021 Any defect in the movement of sperm out of the seminal vesicle and into the vas deferens following tonic insertion of spicules into the mating partner compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000403 sperm transfer initiation defective Any defect in the movement of sperm out of the seminal vesicle and into the vas deferens following tonic insertion of spicules into the mating partner compared to control. WB:WBPaper00028400 The emergence of larvae from their protective egg shells is retarded compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000404 delayed hatching The emergence of larvae from their protective egg shells is retarded compared to control animals. GO:0035188 WB:WBPerson2021 The size of haploid female germ cells (oocytes) are significantly larger compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology oocytes large WBPhenotype:0000405 giant oocytes The size of haploid female germ cells (oocytes) are significantly larger compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals have protrusions or bumps on their exterior which are not characteristic of control animals. Lpy C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000406 lumpy Animals have protrusions or bumps on their exterior which are not characteristic of control animals. WB:WBPerson557 OBSOLETE. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000407 obsolete ray loss true The process through which a dauer larva reverts to normal developmental programs is blocked. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000408 dauer recovery inhibited The process through which a dauer larva reverts to normal developmental programs is blocked. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of any of its parts at different stages of the lifecycle, compared to control animals. Vab C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000409 organism morphology variable Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of any of its parts at different stages of the lifecycle, compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals lack the stereotyped sequence of muscle contractions that result in defecation over a fixed time period compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000410 no defecation cycle Animals lack the stereotyped sequence of muscle contractions that result in defecation over a fixed time period compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals die as rigid, rod-like larva. In C. elegans this defect is often caused by the misspecification of the excretory duct cell. Lvl C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Let WBPhenotype:0000411 rod like larval lethal Animals die as rigid, rod-like larva. In C. elegans this defect is often caused by the misspecification of the excretory duct cell. WB:WBPaper00001366 WB:WBPaper00002764 WB:WBPerson2021 Failure to execute the characteristic response to 1-octanol as defined by control animals. In C.elegans 1-octanol is typically a repellant. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000412 octanol chemotaxis defective Failure to execute the characteristic response to 1-octanol as defined by control animals. In C.elegans 1-octanol is typically a repellant. WB:WBPaper00002314 Pharyngeal muscle is immobilized resulting in lack of pumping or lack of response to external stimulation. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000413 pharyngeal muscle paralyzed Pharyngeal muscle is immobilized resulting in lack of pumping or lack of response to external stimulation. WB:WBPerson557 WB:cab The cell takes on a different identity from which it was initially committed. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000414 cell fate transformation The cell takes on a different identity from which it was initially committed. GO:0045165 WB:WBPaper00002924 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the cell death process that is morphologically characterized by a gain in cell volume (oncosis), swelling of organelles, plasma membrane rupture and subsequent loss of intracellular contents, compared to control. necrotic cell death abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000415 necrotic cell death variant Animals exhibit variations in the cell death process that is morphologically characterized by a gain in cell volume (oncosis), swelling of organelles, plasma membrane rupture and subsequent loss of intracellular contents, compared to control. GO:0070265 WB:WBPerson712 Variations in the generation of the nutrient protein produced by intestinal cells and secreted by them into the pseudocoelom, from which it can be shared with other tissues in the body compared to control (Wormatlas). yolk synthesis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology vitellogenin synthesis abnormal WBPhenotype:0000416 yolk synthesis variant Variations in the generation of the nutrient protein produced by intestinal cells and secreted by them into the pseudocoelom, from which it can be shared with other tissues in the body compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The process of physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells is abolished. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000417 cell division failure The process of physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells is abolished. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The physical partitioning and separation of an intestinal cell into daughter cells is abolished. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000418 intestinal cell division failure The physical partitioning and separation of an intestinal cell into daughter cells is abolished. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals die at the L3 stage of the life cycle. Let Lvl C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000419 L3 lethal Animals die at the L3 stage of the life cycle. WB:WBPerson2021 Animals respond to levamisole at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. Levamisole is a cholinergic agonist. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology tetramisole hypersensitive WBPhenotype:0000420 levamisole hypersensitive Animals respond to levamisole at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. Levamisole is a cholinergic agonist. WB:WBPerson557 Animals fail to respond to the concentration of levamisole that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. In C. elegans resistance to levamisole is often assayed via body contraction response, ventral tail curling response etc. Lev R C_elegans_phenotype_ontology tetramisole resistant WBPhenotype:0000421 levamisole resistant Animals fail to respond to the concentration of levamisole that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. In C. elegans resistance to levamisole is often assayed via body contraction response, ventral tail curling response etc. WB:WBPaper00000484 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit spasmodic muscle twitching superimposed on normal sinusoidal motion. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000422 twitcher Animals exhibit spasmodic muscle twitching superimposed on normal sinusoidal motion. WB:WBPaper00000484 Any variation in the contractions of the muscles in the most anterior body region of the animal compared to control. head muscle contraction abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000423 head muscle contraction variant Any variation in the contractions of the muscles in the most anterior body region of the animal compared to control. WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the characteristic expression of a gene product, as detected by antibody staining, compared to control animals. antibody staining abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000424 antibody staining variant Any variation in the characteristic expression of a gene product, as detected by antibody staining, compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation that results in a decrease in the characteristic expression of a gene product, as detected by antibody staining, compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000425 antibody staining reduced Any variation that results in a decrease in the characteristic expression of a gene product, as detected by antibody staining, compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation that results in an increase in the characteristic expression of a gene product, as detected by antibody staining, compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000426 antibody staining increased Any variation that results in an increase in the characteristic expression of a gene product, as detected by antibody staining, compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals lack the rigid external coating which is secreted by the hypodermis, seam and some interfacial epithelial cells (Wormatlas). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000427 no cuticle Animals lack the rigid external coating which is secreted by the hypodermis, seam and some interfacial epithelial cells (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Adult animals lack the rigid external coating which is secreted by the hypodermis, seam and some interfacial epithelial cells (Wormatlas). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000428 no adult cuticle Adult animals lack the rigid external coating which is secreted by the hypodermis, seam and some interfacial epithelial cells (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the progression of the specialized structures of the animal which allow the successful transfer of sperm from one organism to another, compared to control. copulatory structure development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000429 copulatory structure development variant Any variation in the progression of the specialized structures of the animal which allow the successful transfer of sperm from one organism to another, compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the progression of the specialized structures of the male tail which allow the animal to sense the presence of the hermaphrodite, search her body for the vulval opening, grasp onto the vulva, and to transfer sperm over time from its formation to its mature structure compared to control (Wormatlas). male copulatory structure development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000430 male copulatory structure development variant Any variation in the progression of the specialized structures of the male tail which allow the animal to sense the presence of the hermaphrodite, search her body for the vulval opening, grasp onto the vulva, and to transfer sperm over time from its formation to its mature structure compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the progression of the specialized structures of a hermaphrodite which allow the successful transfer of sperm from a male, compared to control. hermaphrodite copulatory structure development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000431 hermaphrodite copulatory structure development variant Any variation in the progression of the specialized structures of a hermaphrodite which allow the successful transfer of sperm from a male, compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals lack the specialized structures of the male tail which allow the animal to sense the presence of the hermaphrodite, search her body for the vulval opening, grasp onto the vulva, and to transfer sperm (Wormatlas). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000432 male copulatory structure absent Animals lack the specialized structures of the male tail which allow the animal to sense the presence of the hermaphrodite, search her body for the vulval opening, grasp onto the vulva, and to transfer sperm (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the processes involving the production of new DNA strands compared to control. DNA synthesis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000433 DNA synthesis variant Variations in the processes involving the production of new DNA strands compared to control. GO:0006260 WB:WBPerson2021 The developmental process by which a progressive change in the state of some part of an organism specifically contributing to its ability to form offspring is impaired. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000434 sexual maturation defective The developmental process by which a progressive change in the state of some part of an organism specifically contributing to its ability to form offspring is impaired. GO:0003006 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 OBSOLETE. Any change in the subcellular localization of a protein. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000435 obsolete protein localization abnormal true Any variation in the placement of a protein within in a cell or cellular compartment compared to control. WBPhenotype:0000435 protein localization abnormal protein subcellular localization abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000436 protein subcellular localization variant Any variation in the placement of a protein within in a cell or cellular compartment compared to control. WB:WBPerson557 OBSOLETE. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000437 obsolete heterochronic defect true Variations that result in the deceleration of the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of an integrated living unit: an anatomical structure (which may be a subcellular structure, cell, tissue, or organ), or organism over time from an initial condition to a later condition, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000438 retarded heterochronic variations Variations that result in the deceleration of the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of an integrated living unit: an anatomical structure (which may be a subcellular structure, cell, tissue, or organ), or organism over time from an initial condition to a later condition, compared to control. GO:0040034 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations that result in the acceleration of the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of an integrated living unit: an anatomical structure (which may be a subcellular structure, cell, tissue, or organ), or organism over time from an initial condition to a later condition, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000439 precocious heterochronic variations Variations that result in the acceleration of the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of an integrated living unit: an anatomical structure (which may be a subcellular structure, cell, tissue, or organ), or organism over time from an initial condition to a later condition, compared to control. GO:0040034 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The structure made by the processes of the excretory canal cell is increased in size compared to control. In C. elegans this is an H-shaped structure which extends almost the full length of the body on both sides of the animal, generally in contact with the lateral hypodermis and the pseudocoelom (Wormatlas). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology long excretory canals WBPhenotype:0000440 excretory canals long The structure made by the processes of the excretory canal cell is increased in size compared to control. In C. elegans this is an H-shaped structure which extends almost the full length of the body on both sides of the animal, generally in contact with the lateral hypodermis and the pseudocoelom (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Tails change shape and undergo retraction thereby forming a 'peloderan' or 'rounded' adult tail. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000441 tail rounded Tails change shape and undergo retraction thereby forming a 'peloderan' or 'rounded' adult tail. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The developmental progression of a larva over time, from its formation to its mature structure is delayed compared to control. The larva is the early, immature form of an animal between hatching and adulthood. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000442 larval development retarded The developmental progression of a larva over time, from its formation to its mature structure is delayed compared to control. The larva is the early, immature form of an animal between hatching and adulthood. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the appearance of the elongated sclerotized structures covered by a hardened layer of cuticle in the male tail (which are actively everted during copulation to fasten the male copulatory fan to the vulva) compared to control. spicule morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000443 spicule morphology variant Any variation in the appearance of the elongated sclerotized structures covered by a hardened layer of cuticle in the male tail (which are actively everted during copulation to fasten the male copulatory fan to the vulva) compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The length of the adult male tail, including the lateral fan and rays, is extended compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000444 bursa elongated The length of the adult male tail, including the lateral fan and rays, is extended compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Males generate yolk, the nutrient protein, normally produced and secreted by hermaphrodite or female intestinal cells. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology vitellogenin synthesis in males WBPhenotype:0000445 yolk synthesis in males Males generate yolk, the nutrient protein, normally produced and secreted by hermaphrodite or female intestinal cells. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals execute extra larval molts compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000446 supernumerary molt Animals execute extra larval molts compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the progression of an animal over time from the end of larval stage to a mature adult compared to control animals. adult development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000447 adult development variant Variations in the progression of an animal over time from the end of larval stage to a mature adult compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the progression of the formation of the rigid external coating (which is secreted by the hypodermis, seam and some interfacial epithelial cells) over time in adults compared to control animals (Wormatlas). adult cuticle development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000448 adult cuticle development variant Any variation in the progression of the formation of the rigid external coating (which is secreted by the hypodermis, seam and some interfacial epithelial cells) over time in adults compared to control animals (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 A duplication of the developmental program that forms the adult-type rigid external coating which is secreted by the hypodermis, seam and some interfacial epithelial cells. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000449 second adult cuticle A duplication of the developmental program that forms the adult-type rigid external coating which is secreted by the hypodermis, seam and some interfacial epithelial cells. WB:WBPaper00001439 OBSOLETE. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000450 obsolete swollen male tail true Any irregular swelling in discrete regions of the head. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000451 head protrusion Any irregular swelling in discrete regions of the head. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any irregular swelling in discrete regions of the tail, usually caused by a local defect in the normal smooth tapering of the hypodermis and/or cuticle (Wormatlas). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000452 tail protrusions Any irregular swelling in discrete regions of the tail, usually caused by a local defect in the normal smooth tapering of the hypodermis and/or cuticle (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any irregular swelling in discrete regions of the body region between the head and the tail. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000453 body protrusions Any irregular swelling in discrete regions of the body region between the head and the tail. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The anterior end (which typically includes the anterior sensilla, pharynx and all muscles that are innervated by the nerve ring)of the body appears distorted, usually due to uncharacteristic winding. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000454 head twisted The anterior end (which typically includes the anterior sensilla, pharynx and all muscles that are innervated by the nerve ring)of the body appears distorted, usually due to uncharacteristic winding. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit abrupt transitions while traveling from one location to another. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000455 jerky movement Animals exhibit abrupt transitions while traveling from one location to another. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in characteristic response with respect to perception or transmission of a touch stimulus compared to responses in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology touch insensitive WBPhenotype:0000456 touch resistant Variations in characteristic response with respect to perception or transmission of a touch stimulus compared to responses in control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals show enhanced suceptibility to deprivation of nourishment, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000457 organism starvation hypersensitive Animals show enhanced suceptibility to deprivation of nourishment, compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Animals show enhanced tolerance to deprivation of nourishment, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000458 starvation resistant Animals show enhanced tolerance to deprivation of nourishment, compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit variations in their response to any chemical substance that is used for killing pests, compared to that observed in control animals. pesticide response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000459 pesticide response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to any chemical substance that is used for killing pests, compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in their response to paraquat compared to that observed in control animals. paraquat response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology methyl viologen response abnormal WBPhenotype:0000460 paraquat response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to paraquat compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals fail to respond to the concentration of paraquat that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000461 paraquat resistant Animals fail to respond to the concentration of paraquat that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals respond to paraquat at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. reactive oxygen species hypersensitive C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000462 paraquat hypersensitive Animals respond to paraquat at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 reactive oxygen species hypersensitive WB:WBPaper00031296 Animals exhibit variations in processes that are responsible for chemical changes compared to control animals. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation. metabolic pathway abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000463 metabolic pathway variant Animals exhibit variations in processes that are responsible for chemical changes compared to control animals. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation. GO:0008152 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in their response to oxygen compared to that observed in control animals. oxygen response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000464 oxygen response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to oxygen compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals fail to respond to the high concentrations of oxygen that elicit a response in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000465 high oxygen resistant Animals fail to respond to the high concentrations of oxygen that elicit a response in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 Animals respond to hyperoxic (high oxygen tension) conditions after a shorter exposure time compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000466 high oxygen hypersensitive Animals respond to hyperoxic (high oxygen tension) conditions after a shorter exposure time compared to control. GO:0055093 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit an increase in the intensity of fluorescence signals in intestinal cells with advancing age, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000467 age associated fluorescence increased Animals exhibit an increase in the intensity of fluorescence signals in intestinal cells with advancing age, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00033040 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit a decrease in the intensity of fluorescence signals in intestinal cells with advancing age, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000468 age associated fluorescence reduced Animals exhibit a decrease in the intensity of fluorescence signals in intestinal cells with advancing age, compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 The daughters of the Q neuroblasts exhibit variation in their characteristic movements compared to control animals. Q neuroblast lineage migration abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000469 Q neuroblast lineage migration variant The daughters of the Q neuroblasts exhibit variation in their characteristic movements compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00001954 WB:WBPaper00031356 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the normal anterior movement of the HSN motor neurons from their birthplace in the tail to positions near the middle of the embryo compared to control animals. HSN migration abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000470 HSN migration variant Any variation in the normal anterior movement of the HSN motor neurons from their birthplace in the tail to positions near the middle of the embryo compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00001836 WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the normal posterior movement of the ALM mechanosensory neurons from their birthplace (anterior to the V1 hypodermal cell) to positions in between the V2 and V3 cells in the embryo compared to control animals. ALM migration abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000471 ALM migration variant Any variation in the normal posterior movement of the ALM mechanosensory neurons from their birthplace (anterior to the V1 hypodermal cell) to positions in between the V2 and V3 cells in the embryo compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00001304 WB:WBPaper00003058 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals lack the early blast cells that give rise to the gut tissue (Wormatlas). gutless C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000472 endoderm absent Animals lack the early blast cells that give rise to the gut tissue (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals become increasingly sluggish/immobilized as they age. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000473 progressive paralysis Animals become increasingly sluggish/immobilized as they age. WB:WBPaper00001709 Any variation in the connection of the cell(s) whose principal function is to provide contractile forces with its neighboring cells or tissues compared to control. Mua muscle attachment abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000474 muscle attachment variant Any variation in the connection of the cell(s) whose principal function is to provide contractile forces with its neighboring cells or tissues compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals fail to establish or maintain the connection between cell(s) whose principal function is to provide contractile forces and its neighboring cells or tissues. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000475 muscle detached Animals fail to establish or maintain the connection between cell(s) whose principal function is to provide contractile forces and its neighboring cells or tissues. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The connection between cell(s) whose principal function is to provide contractile forces and its neighboring cells or tissues diminishes over time. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000476 progressive muscle detachment The connection between cell(s) whose principal function is to provide contractile forces and its neighboring cells or tissues diminishes over time. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the change in direction of a wave of light after passage through the nucleolus compared to control. The nucleolus is a small dense body in the nucleus. nucleolus refraction abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000477 nucleolus refraction variant Any variation in the change in direction of a wave of light after passage through the nucleolus compared to control. The nucleolus is a small dense body in the nucleus. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the ability of an animal to remain within a defined temperature. In C. elegans, animals tend to track and stay within a temperature that is most closely related to their cultivation temperature. isothermal tracking behavior abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology thermotaxis abnormal WBPhenotype:0000478 isothermal tracking behavior variant Variations in the ability of an animal to remain within a defined temperature. In C. elegans, animals tend to track and stay within a temperature that is most closely related to their cultivation temperature. WB:WBPaper00002214 Eggs show deficiencies in chroma resulting in increased translucency. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000479 egg pale Eggs show deficiencies in chroma resulting in increased translucency. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Failure to execute the characteristic response to pyrazine as defined by control animals. In C. elegans pyrazine is typically an attractant. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000480 pyrazine chemotaxis defective Failure to execute the characteristic response to pyrazine as defined by control animals. In C. elegans pyrazine is typically an attractant. WB:WBPaper00001786 Any variation in the directed movement of an animal in response to chemical repellants as defined by control animals. negative chemotaxis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology chemical avoidance abnormal chemoaversion abnormal WBPhenotype:0000481 negative chemotaxis variant Any variation in the directed movement of an animal in response to chemical repellants as defined by control animals. GO:0050919 WB:cab Failure to execute the characteristic response to garlic as defined by control animals. In C. elegans, garlic is typically a repellent. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000482 garlic chemotaxis defective Failure to execute the characteristic response to garlic as defined by control animals. In C. elegans, garlic is typically a repellent. WB:WBPaper00001374 Animals lack the different inclusions within the intestinal cytoplasm, including birefringent crystalline objects and other dark-staining endosomes. In C. elegans these contents typically include glycogen granules (polysaccharide storage), rhabditin (carbohydrate storage), yolk granules (lipid and protein), and concentrated waste products (Wormatlas). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000483 no gut granules Animals lack the different inclusions within the intestinal cytoplasm, including birefringent crystalline objects and other dark-staining endosomes. In C. elegans these contents typically include glycogen granules (polysaccharide storage), rhabditin (carbohydrate storage), yolk granules (lipid and protein), and concentrated waste products (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The organism's size during the embryonic developmental stage is decreased compared to that observed in control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000484 embryo small The organism's size during the embryonic developmental stage is decreased compared to that observed in control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The survival of animals in the alternative larval stage which they enter when placed under conditions of environmental stress is reduced. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology reduced dauer survival WBPhenotype:0000485 dauer death increased The survival of animals in the alternative larval stage which they enter when placed under conditions of environmental stress is reduced. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals respond to colchicine at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000486 colchicine hypersensitive Animals respond to colchicine at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals fail to respond to the concentration of colchicine that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000487 colchicine resistant Animals fail to respond to the concentration of colchicine that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals respond to chloroquine at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000488 chloroquine hypersensitive Animals respond to chloroquine at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals fail to respond to the concentration of chloroquine that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000489 chloroquine resistant Animals fail to respond to the concentration of chloroquine that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 The components of the feeding organ fail to be arranged in the same manner as control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000490 pharynx disorganized The components of the feeding organ fail to be arranged in the same manner as control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any observed morphological defects of the isthmus. isthmus morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology isthmus malformed WBPhenotype:0000491 isthmus morphology defective Any observed morphological defects of the isthmus. WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the form, structure or composition of the extended anterior region of the pharynx lying just anterior to the isthmus and terminal bulb compared to control (Wormatlas). corpus morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology corpus malformed WBPhenotype:0000492 corpus morphology defective Any variation in the form, structure or composition of the extended anterior region of the pharynx lying just anterior to the isthmus and terminal bulb compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the form, structure or composition of the first pharyngeal bulb compared to control. metacorpus morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology metacarpas malformed WBPhenotype:0000493 metacorpus morphology defective Any variation in the form, structure or composition of the first pharyngeal bulb compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Cessation of development that normally occurs in C. elegans 460-520 min after the first cleavage at 20C, the stage between the 1.5-fold and 3-fold embryo. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000494 two fold arrest Cessation of development that normally occurs in C. elegans 460-520 min after the first cleavage at 20C, the stage between the 1.5-fold and 3-fold embryo. WB:WBPerson101 Animals have finger-like sensory sensilla (rays) that are present in places they are normally not found, when compared to the location in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000495 ray ectopic Animals have finger-like sensory sensilla (rays) that are present in places they are normally not found, when compared to the location in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Males lack the specialized sensory papillae that lie along the posterior half of the body. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000496 male postdeirid sensilla absent Males lack the specialized sensory papillae that lie along the posterior half of the body. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in their response to gamma ray radiation compared to that observed in control animals. organism gamma ray response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000497 organism gamma ray response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to gamma ray radiation compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in their response to methyl methanesulfonate compared to that observed in control animals. methyl methanesulfonate response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology MMS response abnormal WBPhenotype:0000498 methyl methanesulfonate response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to methyl methanesulfonate compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in their response to ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) compared to that observed in control animals. ethyl methanesulfonate response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology EMS response abnormal WBPhenotype:0000499 ethyl methanesulfonate response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals respond to an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000500 acetylcholinesterase inhibitor hypersensitive Animals respond to an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 The body of the animal rotates around its long axis as the animal moves, causing the animal to move in a circular pattern in the left-handed direction. In liquid media, wave propogation is helical rather than planar. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Rol WBPhenotype:0000501 left handed roller The body of the animal rotates around its long axis as the animal moves, causing the animal to move in a circular pattern in the left-handed direction. In liquid media, wave propogation is helical rather than planar. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The body of the animal rotates around its long axis as the animal moves, causing the animal to move in a circular pattern in the right-handed direction. In liquid media, wave propogation is helical rather than planar. Rol C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000502 right handed roller The body of the animal rotates around its long axis as the animal moves, causing the animal to move in a circular pattern in the right-handed direction. In liquid media, wave propogation is helical rather than planar. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the multiple rounds of DNA replication that take place without chromosome condensation, segregation or cytokinesis compared to control. In C. elegans this process is normally seen in intestinal nuclei during each larval lethargus which results in adult intestinal nuclei with 32 copies (32C) of each chromosome(Wormatlas). endoreduplication abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000503 endoreduplication variant Any variation in the multiple rounds of DNA replication that take place without chromosome condensation, segregation or cytokinesis compared to control. In C. elegans this process is normally seen in intestinal nuclei during each larval lethargus which results in adult intestinal nuclei with 32 copies (32C) of each chromosome(Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the process by which a cell nucleus is divided into two nuclei, with DNA and other nuclear contents distributed between the daughter nuclei, compared to control. nuclear division abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology karyokinesis abnormal WBPhenotype:0000504 Possible XP. nuclear division variant Any variation in the process by which a cell nucleus is divided into two nuclei, with DNA and other nuclear contents distributed between the daughter nuclei, compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the structure or organization of any of the finger-like sensory sensilla that project from the tail and embed in the male fan compared to control animals. In C. elegans, nine bilateral rays project from the tail in a radial pattern with a smooth and slightly tapered appearance. Although one neuronal member of each ray sensillum is exposed to the outside, male rays rarely take up dye. Ram male ray morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000505 male ray morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the structure or organization of any of the finger-like sensory sensilla that project from the tail and embed in the male fan compared to control animals. In C. elegans, nine bilateral rays project from the tail in a radial pattern with a smooth and slightly tapered appearance. Although one neuronal member of each ray sensillum is exposed to the outside, male rays rarely take up dye. WB:WBPaper00000932 WB:WBPaper00001328 WB:WBPaper00002149 WB:WBPaper00029016 WB:WBPerson712 The adult male tail, including the lateral fan and rays, appears bloated or distended. swollen male tail C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000506 bursa swollen The adult male tail, including the lateral fan and rays, appears bloated or distended. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the amount of acetylcholine compared to control animals at a defined stage. Acetylcholine is the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. acetylcholine levels abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000507 acetylcholine levels variant Animals exhibit variations in the amount of acetylcholine compared to control animals at a defined stage. Acetylcholine is the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit a decrease in the regulated breakdown of mRNA transcripts in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a premature stop codon and the 3 prime end is not protected by a poly(A) tail. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000508 nonsense mRNA accumulation Animals exhibit a decrease in the regulated breakdown of mRNA transcripts in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a premature stop codon and the 3 prime end is not protected by a poly(A) tail. GO:0070478 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variation in the morphological appearance or composition of the pseudopod, a cellular projection that facilitates motility of the spermatozoa. sperm pseudopod abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000509 sperm pseudopod variant Variation in the morphological appearance or composition of the pseudopod, a cellular projection that facilitates motility of the spermatozoa. WB:WBPaper00001075 WB:WBPerson2021 The characteristic Christmas-tree shaped invagination formed by the terminal vulval cells at the mid-late L4 stage is altered. WBPhenotype:0000287 vulval invagination L4 abnormal vulval invagination abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology vulval invagination L4 variant WBPhenotype:0000510 vulval invagination variant L4 The characteristic Christmas-tree shaped invagination formed by the terminal vulval cells at the mid-late L4 stage is altered. WB:WBPaper00001738 WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the directed movement of the nucleus to a specific location within a cell compared to control. nuclear positioning abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology nuclear migration variant WBPhenotype:0000511 Possible XP. nuclear positioning variant Variations in the directed movement of the nucleus to a specific location within a cell compared to control. GO:0007097 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in spacing or location were observed between adjacent ventral cord nuclei or between ventral cord nuclei and another nucleus used as a reference point. In C. elegans, these nuclei are distributed equally and predictably, such that they can be unambiguously distinguished by their position. VNC nuclear positioning abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology VNC nuclear migration variant WBPhenotype:0000512 VNC nuclear positioning variant Variations in spacing or location were observed between adjacent ventral cord nuclei or between ventral cord nuclei and another nucleus used as a reference point. In C. elegans, these nuclei are distributed equally and predictably, such that they can be unambiguously distinguished by their position. WB:WBPaper00031891 WB:WBPerson712 OBSOLETE. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000513 obsolete touch response abnormal true When prodded on the head, worm contracts and then relaxes along its entire body without moving backwards, compared to a control worm which contracts its anterior end and backs away in response to prodding. Rbr rubberband C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000514 rubber band When prodded on the head, worm contracts and then relaxes along its entire body without moving backwards, compared to a control worm which contracts its anterior end and backs away in response to prodding. WB:WBPaper00006135 WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in any process whose specific outcome is the development and/or maintenance of the ventral nerve cord. ventral nerve cord development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000515 ventral nerve cord development variant Variations in any process whose specific outcome is the development and/or maintenance of the ventral nerve cord. WB:WBPerson557 The longitudinal nerve cord of the midbody region, connecting the nerve ring and tail ganglia, is not arranged in the same manner as control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000516 ventral cord disorganized The longitudinal nerve cord of the midbody region, connecting the nerve ring and tail ganglia, is not arranged in the same manner as control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the specific actions or reactions in response to external or internal stimuli compared to that observed in control animals. behavior abnormal behavior variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000517 behavior phenotype Variations in the specific actions or reactions in response to external or internal stimuli compared to that observed in control animals. GO:0007610 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the progression of an integrated living unit (a cell, tissue, organ or organism) over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals. development abnormal development variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000518 development phenotype Variations in the progression of an integrated living unit (a cell, tissue, organ or organism) over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals. GO:0032502 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the cell, tissue, organ system or organism to carry out its normal functions and activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli compared to control animals. physiology abnormal physiology variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000519 physiology phenotype Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the cell, tissue, organ system or organism to carry out its normal functions and activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of any of its parts compared to control animals. morphology abnormal morphology variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000520 morphology phenotype Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of any of its parts compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter transparency/translucency. pigmentation abnormal pigmentation variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000521 pigmentation phenotype Animals exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter transparency/translucency. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Variations in the specific actions or reactions of a certain defined body area of an animal in response to external or internal stimuli compared to that observed in control animals. organism region behavior abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000522 organism region behavior variant Variations in the specific actions or reactions of a certain defined body area of an animal in response to external or internal stimuli compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in their response to a specific chemical compared to that observed in control animals. chemical response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000523 chemical response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to a specific chemical compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in their response to bleach compared to that observed in control animals. bleach response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000524 bleach response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to bleach compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the specific actions or reactions of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli compared to that observed in control organisms. organism behavior abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000525 organism behavior variant Variations in the specific actions or reactions of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli compared to that observed in control organisms. GO:0007610 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter transparency/translucency of a cell. cell pigmentation abnormal cell pigmentation variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000526 cell pigmentation phenotype Animals exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter transparency/translucency of a cell. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter transparency/translucency of the organism. organism pigmentation abnormal organism pigmentation variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Abnormal Coloration WBPhenotype:0000527 organism pigmentation phenotype Animals exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter transparency/translucency of the organism. WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the progression of the overall structure or appearance of a discrete region of an animal's anatomy over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals. body region development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000528 body region development variant Variations in the progression of the overall structure or appearance of a discrete region of an animal's anatomy over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the progression of a cell from when it is first formed to when it becomes a mature structure when compared to control animals. cell development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000529 cell development variant Any variation in the progression of a cell from when it is first formed to when it becomes a mature structure when compared to control animals. GO:0048468 WB:cab Any variation in the progression of an organismal system from its formation to the mature structure when compared to control animals. organ system development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000530 organ system development variant Any variation in the progression of an organismal system from its formation to the mature structure when compared to control animals. GO:0048731 WB:cab Any variation in the progression of a worm at any time from its fertilization to adulthood compared to control. organism development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000531 organism development variant Any variation in the progression of a worm at any time from its fertilization to adulthood compared to control. WB:cab Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of a discrete region of their anatomy compared to control animals. body region morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000532 body region morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of a discrete region of their anatomy compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the form or composition of the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms compared to control. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. cell morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000533 cell morphology variant Any variation in the form or composition of the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms compared to control. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. GO:0005623 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the structure or organization of any component that is part of the complement of organ tissues that comprise a specific organ system. organ system morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000534 organ system morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the structure or organization of any component that is part of the complement of organ tissues that comprise a specific organ system. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of any part of their anatomy compared to control animals. Bmd organism morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology body morphology defects WBPhenotype:0000535 organism morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of any part of their anatomy compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00004402 WB:WBPaper00004403 WB:WBPaper00004651 WB:WBPaper00005654 WB:WBPaper00006395 WB:cab Animals exhibit variations at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell, in any physical or chemical process required for the cell to carry out its normal functions or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. cell physiology abnormal cell physiology variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000536 cell physiology phenotype Animals exhibit variations at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell, in any physical or chemical process required for the cell to carry out its normal functions or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. GO:0009987 OBSOLETE. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000537 obsolete synaptic input abnormal true OBSOLETE. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000538 obsolete synaptic output abnormal true Variations in the progression of the anatomical structures that consist of processes of ventral cord motor neurons that send commissures to the dorsal side, as well as processes of certain head and tail neurons, over time from initial formation to mature structure compared to control (Wormatlas). dorsal nerve cord development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000539 dorsal nerve cord development variant Variations in the progression of the anatomical structures that consist of processes of ventral cord motor neurons that send commissures to the dorsal side, as well as processes of certain head and tail neurons, over time from initial formation to mature structure compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the progression of the process extension from the muscle belly by which the muscle cells reach to the nerve cords to obtain innervation over time from initial formation to mature structure compared to control (Wormatlas). muscle arm development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology muscle arm extension variant WBPhenotype:0000540 muscle arm development variant Variations in the progression of the process extension from the muscle belly by which the muscle cells reach to the nerve cords to obtain innervation over time from initial formation to mature structure compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Axon tracts fail to complete the connection between nerve cords. In C. elegans, these tracts grow circumferentially around the animal, completing the connection between the ventral and dorsal nerve cords. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000541 cord commissures fail to reach target Axon tracts fail to complete the connection between nerve cords. In C. elegans, these tracts grow circumferentially around the animal, completing the connection between the ventral and dorsal nerve cords. WB:WBPaper00001499 WB:WBPaper00028984 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit an increased girth compared to a control animal of the same developmental stage. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology increased girth thick WBPhenotype:0000542 fat Animals exhibit an increased girth compared to a control animal of the same developmental stage. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Forward movement is often characterized by severe bending motions, more sharply angled and/or much deeper than stereotypical sinusoidal body bends of the control. Animal moves forward with uncharacteristic loss of smooth sinusoidal motion or body posture (Wormatlas). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000543 forward kinker Forward movement is often characterized by severe bending motions, more sharply angled and/or much deeper than stereotypical sinusoidal body bends of the control. Animal moves forward with uncharacteristic loss of smooth sinusoidal motion or body posture (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Backward movement is often characterized by severe bending motions, more sharply angled and/or much deeper than stereotypical sinusoidal body bends of the control. Animal moves backward with uncharacteristic loss of smooth sinusoidal motion or body posture (Wormatlas). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000544 backward kinker Backward movement is often characterized by severe bending motions, more sharply angled and/or much deeper than stereotypical sinusoidal body bends of the control. Animal moves backward with uncharacteristic loss of smooth sinusoidal motion or body posture (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Eggs are retained in the uterus at a later stage when compared with control animals. Ret C_elegans_phenotype_ontology late eggs laid WBPhenotype:0000545 egg retention Eggs are retained in the uterus at a later stage when compared with control animals. WB:cab Eggs are laid at an earlier stage of development when compared with control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000546 early eggs laid Eggs are laid at an earlier stage of development when compared with control animals. WB:cab Animals exhibit morphological characteristics that are the outcome of nutrient deprivation. In C. elegans, starved worms have fewer refractile granules in intestinal cells, making them appear pale. Strongly starved mutants are small and thin, and tend to retain fewer eggs than control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Eat WBPhenotype:0000547 starved Animals exhibit morphological characteristics that are the outcome of nutrient deprivation. In C. elegans, starved worms have fewer refractile granules in intestinal cells, making them appear pale. Strongly starved mutants are small and thin, and tend to retain fewer eggs than control animals. WB:WBPaper00001709 WB:WBPerson2021 Progressive degeneration of muscle. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000548 muscle dystrophy Progressive degeneration of muscle. WB:cab Progressive degeneration of the head muscle. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000549 head muscle dystrophy Progressive degeneration of the head muscle. WB:cab Progressive degeneration of muscle along the body wall. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology body wall muscle dystrophy WBPhenotype:0000550 body muscle dystrophy Progressive degeneration of muscle along the body wall. WB:cab Animals exhibit variations in the rate of sharp head to tail turns compared to control animals. omega turns abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000551 omega turns variant Animals exhibit variations in the rate of sharp head to tail turns compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00000075 WB:WBPaper00006375 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the amount of GABA compared to control animals at a defined stage. GABA levels abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000552 GABA levels variant Animals exhibit variations in the amount of GABA compared to control animals at a defined stage. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit a weak and abnormal birefringency pattern in muscle fibers when examined using polarized optics. WBPhenotype:0000714 Dim disorganized muscle C_elegans_phenotype_ontology muscle birefringence abnormal WBPhenotype:0000553 Disorganized muscle fibers display a weak and abnormal birefringency pattern when examined using polarized optics. muscle birefringence variant Animals exhibit a weak and abnormal birefringency pattern in muscle fibers when examined using polarized optics. WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the ability to adjust to a decline in ambient solute concentrations, thereby causing the body to swell and explode. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000554 hypoosmotic shock hypersensitive Any variation in the ability to adjust to a decline in ambient solute concentrations, thereby causing the body to swell and explode. WB:WBPaper00000484 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals show variations in their decreased responsiveness after prolonged or repeated exposure to a drug compared to that in control. drug adaptation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000555 drug adaptation variant Animals show variations in their decreased responsiveness after prolonged or repeated exposure to a drug compared to that in control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals show variations in their decreased responsiveness after prolonged or repeated exposure to dopamine compared to that in control. dopamine adaptation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000556 dopamine adaptation variant Animals show variations in their decreased responsiveness after prolonged or repeated exposure to dopamine compared to that in control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals do not exhibit decreased responsiveness after prolonged or repeated exposure to dopamine. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000557 dopamine adaptation defective Animals do not exhibit decreased responsiveness after prolonged or repeated exposure to dopamine. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in their response to specific calcium channel modulators compared to that observed in control animals. calcium channel modulator response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000558 calcium channel modulator response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to specific calcium channel modulators compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals respond to a calcium channel modulator at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000559 calcium channel modulator hypersensitive Animals respond to a calcium channel modulator at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals fail to respond to the concentration of calcium channel modulators that elicit a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000560 calcium channel modulator resistant Animals fail to respond to the concentration of calcium channel modulators that elicit a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 The heads of animals fail to respond to the concentration of levamisole that elicits a response in control animals. In C. elegans, heads contract at >10uM for intact animals and >1uM for cut animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology head tetramisole resistant WBPhenotype:0000561 head levamisole resistant The heads of animals fail to respond to the concentration of levamisole that elicits a response in control animals. In C. elegans, heads contract at >10uM for intact animals and >1uM for cut animals. WB:WBPaper00000484 The bodies of animals fail to respond to the concentration of levamisole that elicits a response in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology body tetramisole resistant WBPhenotype:0000562 body levamisole resistant The bodies of animals fail to respond to the concentration of levamisole that elicits a response in control animals. WB:WBPaper00000484 The whole body undergoes longitudinal shortening in response to head touch or tail touch (Wormatlas). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000563 shrinker The whole body undergoes longitudinal shortening in response to head touch or tail touch (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Muscle contractions that make up the defecation motor program are repeated before the onset of the next cycle unlike in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000564 echo defecation cycle Muscle contractions that make up the defecation motor program are repeated before the onset of the next cycle unlike in control animals. WB:WBPaper00002305 WB:WBPaper00003765 WB:WBPerson712 The body of an animal assumes a coil-like shape when it attempts to move. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology curler WBPhenotype:0000565 coiler The body of an animal assumes a coil-like shape when it attempts to move. WB:WBPerson363 A coiling body that bends ventrally. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology ventral curler WBPhenotype:0000566 ventral coiler A coiling body that bends ventrally. WB:WBPerson363 A coiling body that bends dorsally. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology dorsal curler WBPhenotype:0000567 dorsal coiler A coiling body that bends dorsally. WB:WBperson363 Animals display variations in the structure or organization of the components of the axon, compared to that observed in control animals. axon ultrastructure abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000568 axon ultrastructure variant Animals display variations in the structure or organization of the components of the axon, compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00001499 WB:WBPerson712 Animals display markedly swollen areas along their axons, which are larger than synaptic varicosities in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000569 axon varicosities Animals display markedly swollen areas along their axons, which are larger than synaptic varicosities in control animals. WB:WBPaper00001499 WB:WBPaper00024595 WB:WBPerson712 Axons of animals contain flattened membrane-bound compartments. In C. elegans, these cisternae-like structures are typically absent. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000570 axon cisternae Axons of animals contain flattened membrane-bound compartments. In C. elegans, these cisternae-like structures are typically absent. WB:WBPaper00001499 WB:WBPaper00024595 WB:WBPerson712 Axons of animals exhibit variations in the gross structure or organization of its spherical, membrane-bound, fluid-filled organelles, compared to that observed in control animals. abnormal axon vesicle C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000571 axon vesicle variant Axons of animals exhibit variations in the gross structure or organization of its spherical, membrane-bound, fluid-filled organelles, compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00001499 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the processes that govern the extension of neuronal projections. neuronal outgrowth abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000572 neuronal outgrowth variant Any variation in the processes that govern the extension of neuronal projections. WB:WBPerson2021 OBSOLETE. neuronal branching abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000573 obsolete neuronal branching variant true OBSOLETE. WB:WBPerson557 The structure made by the processes of the excretory canal cell is reduced in size compared to control. In C. elegans this is an H-shaped structure which extends almost the full length of the body on both sides of the animal, generally in contact with the lateral hypodermis and the pseudocoelom (Wormatlas). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000574 excretory canal short The structure made by the processes of the excretory canal cell is reduced in size compared to control. In C. elegans this is an H-shaped structure which extends almost the full length of the body on both sides of the animal, generally in contact with the lateral hypodermis and the pseudocoelom (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in a physical or chemical process required for organs or tissues to carry out their normal functions or for their ability to perceive and respond to stimuli compared to control. organ system physiology abnormal organ system physiology variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000575 organ system physiology phenotype Animals exhibit variations in a physical or chemical process required for organs or tissues to carry out their normal functions or for their ability to perceive and respond to stimuli compared to control. GO:0003008 Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the organism to carry out its normal function or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli. organism physiology abnormal organism physiology variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000576 organism physiology phenotype Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the organism to carry out its normal function or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli. WB:WBPerson712 Variations in the chemical reactions and pathways involved in the maintenance of a steady-state at the level of the organism compared to control. organism homeostasis metabolism abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000577 organism homeostasis metabolism variant Variations in the chemical reactions and pathways involved in the maintenance of a steady-state at the level of the organism compared to control. GO:0048871 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the progression of a discrete axis of an animal's anatomy over time, compared to control animals. body axis development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000578 body axis development variant Variations in the progression of a discrete axis of an animal's anatomy over time, compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the progression of the overall structure or appearance of any anterior/posterior section of an animal's anatomy over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals. organism segment development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000579 organism segment development variant Variations in the progression of the overall structure or appearance of any anterior/posterior section of an animal's anatomy over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the specific actions or reactions of a certain body region of an animal in response to external or internal stimuli compared to that observed in control animals. organism segment behavior abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000580 organism segment behavior variant Variations in the specific actions or reactions of a certain body region of an animal in response to external or internal stimuli compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of a discrete axis (dorsal/ventral/anterior/posterior/transverse) of their anatomy, compared to control animals. body axis morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000581 body axis morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of a discrete axis (dorsal/ventral/anterior/posterior/transverse) of their anatomy, compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of any anterior/posterior section of their anatomy compared to control animals. organism segment morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000582 organism segment morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of any anterior/posterior section of their anatomy compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Worms are shorter and stouter than control animals at the same developmental stage. Dpy C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000583 dumpy Worms are shorter and stouter than control animals at the same developmental stage. WB:WBPaper00004402 WB:WBPaper00004403 WB:WBPaper00004651 WB:WBPaper00005654 WB:WBPaper00006395 WB:WBPaper00024497 WB:cab WB:cgc31 Any variation in the process of communication across a synapse between a neuron and a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) compared to control animals. WBPhenotype:0000537 WBPhenotype:0000538 synaptic input variant synaptic output variant synaptic input abnormal synaptic output abnormal synaptic transmission abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000584 synaptic transmission variant Any variation in the process of communication across a synapse between a neuron and a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) compared to control animals. GO:0007268 WB:cab Variations in the chemical reactions and pathways involved in the maintenance of a steady-state at the level of the cell compared to control. cell homeostasis metabolism abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000585 cell homeostasis metabolism variant Variations in the chemical reactions and pathways involved in the maintenance of a steady-state at the level of the cell compared to control. GO:0019725 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals respond to bleach at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000586 bleach hypersensitive Animals respond to bleach at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 OBSOLETE. lectin staining abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000587 obsolete lectin staining variant true OBSOLETE. WB:WBPerson557 OBSOLETE. no male abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000588 This phenotype was intended to reflect a lack of any phenotypic abnormality in the individuals in question. The C. elegans phenotype ontology no longer has terms specifically used to assert negation of a phenotype. obsolete no male variantity scored true OBSOLETE. WB:WBPerson557 OBSOLETE. no hermaphrodite abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000589 This phenotype was intended to reflect a lack of any phenotypic abnormality in the individuals in question. The C. elegans phenotype ontology no longer has terms specifically used to assert negation of a phenotype. obsolete no hermaphrodite variantity scored true OBSOLETE. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit differences in the number of cell corpses compared to controls at the same developmental life stage. cell corpse number abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000590 cell corpse number variant Animals exhibit differences in the number of cell corpses compared to controls at the same developmental life stage. WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in their response to a specific metal compared to that observed in control animals. metal response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000591 metal response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to a specific metal compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in their response to copper compared to that observed in control animals. copper response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000592 copper response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to copper compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals respond to copper at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000593 copper hypersensitive Animals respond to copper at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the orderly movement of a cell from one site to another. Mig cell migration abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology migration of cells abnormal WBPhenotype:0000594 cell migration variant Any variation in the orderly movement of a cell from one site to another. GO:0016477 WB:cab Variations in the specific actions or reactions of the head in response to external or internal stimuli compared to that observed in control animals. head behavior abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000595 head behavior variant Variations in the specific actions or reactions of the head in response to external or internal stimuli compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 WB:cab Activity characteristic of the body is altered compared to control. body behavior abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000596 body behavior variant Activity characteristic of the body is altered compared to control. WB:cab Variations in the specific actions or reactions of the tail in response to external or internal stimuli compared to that observed in control animals. tail behavior abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000597 tail behavior variant Variations in the specific actions or reactions of the tail in response to external or internal stimuli compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the form, structure or composition of the series of related tissues lying within the body cavity and devoted to feeding and digestion compared to control (Wormatlas). alimentary system morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000598 alimentary system morphology variant Variations in the form, structure or composition of the series of related tissues lying within the body cavity and devoted to feeding and digestion compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variations in the form, structure or composition of a set of interacting or interdependent entities forming the coelomic system, compared to control. The coelom is the fluid compartment that is in contact with internal organ. coelomic system morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000599 coelomic system morphology variant Any variations in the form, structure or composition of a set of interacting or interdependent entities forming the coelomic system, compared to control. The coelom is the fluid compartment that is in contact with internal organ. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the form, composition or structure of the epithelial system that serves to protect the organism from the external environment compared to control. epithelial system morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000600 epithelial system morphology variant Variations in the form, composition or structure of the epithelial system that serves to protect the organism from the external environment compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the form, structure or composition of related tissues that allow the animal to secrete saline fluid and maintain a proper salt balance compared to control. In C. elegans, four cell types (1 pore cell, 1 duct cell, 1 canal cell and a fused pair of gland cells) make up the excretory system (Wormatlas). WBPhenotype:0000602 excretory system morphology variant excretory secretory system morphology abnormal excretory system morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000601 excretory secretory system morphology variant Variations in the form, structure or composition of related tissues that allow the animal to secrete saline fluid and maintain a proper salt balance compared to control. In C. elegans, four cell types (1 pore cell, 1 duct cell, 1 canal cell and a fused pair of gland cells) make up the excretory system (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 OBSOLETE. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000602 obsolete excretory system morphology abnormal true Any variations in the form, structure or composition of a set of interacting or interdependent entities forming the muscle system, compared to control. The muscle system consists of tissues made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and produce movement and mechanical work. muscle system morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000603 muscle system morphology variant Any variations in the form, structure or composition of a set of interacting or interdependent entities forming the muscle system, compared to control. The muscle system consists of tissues made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and produce movement and mechanical work. GO:0007517 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the structure or organization of any component that is part of the complement of organ tissues that serve to detect, relay and coordinate information about an animal's internal and external environments and to initiate and integrate its effector responses and activities, compared to that in control animals. nervous system morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology neuroanatomical defective WBPhenotype:0000604 WB:WBbt:0005735. nervous system morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the structure or organization of any component that is part of the complement of organ tissues that serve to detect, relay and coordinate information about an animal's internal and external environments and to initiate and integrate its effector responses and activities, compared to that in control animals. WB:WBPerson712 Any variations in the form, structure or composition of a set of interacting or interdependent entities forming the reproductive system, compared to control. The reproductive system is involved in the generation of progeny which contain genetic material inherited from the parents. reproductive system morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000605 reproductive system morphology variant Any variations in the form, structure or composition of a set of interacting or interdependent entities forming the reproductive system, compared to control. The reproductive system is involved in the generation of progeny which contain genetic material inherited from the parents. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for cells as a collective unit of the alimentary system to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. alimentary system physiology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000606 alimentary system physiology variant Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for cells as a collective unit of the alimentary system to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. GO:0003008 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for cells as a collective unit of the coelomic system to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. coelomic system physiology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000607 coelomic system physiology variant Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for cells as a collective unit of the coelomic system to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. GO:0003008 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for cells as a collective unit of the epithelial system to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. epithelial system physiology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000608 epithelial system physiology variant Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for cells as a collective unit of the epithelial system to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. GO:0003008 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for cells as a collective unit of the excretory/secretory system to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. excretory secretory system physiology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000609 excretory secretory system physiology variant Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for cells as a collective unit of the excretory/secretory system to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. GO:0003008 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for cells as a collective unit of the secretory system to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. excretory system physiology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000610 excretory system physiology variant Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for cells as a collective unit of the secretory system to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. GO:0003008 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for cells as a collective unit of the muscle system to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. muscle system physiology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000611 muscle system physiology variant Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for cells as a collective unit of the muscle system to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. GO:0003008 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for cells as a collective unit of the nervous system to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. nervous system physiology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000612 nervous system physiology variant Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for cells as a collective unit of the nervous system to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. GO:0003008 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for cells as a collective unit of the reproductive system to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. reproductive system physiology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000613 reproductive system physiology variant Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for cells as a collective unit of the reproductive system to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. GO:0003008 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the progression of the GLR accessory cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control. GLR development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000614 GLR development variant Any variation in the progression of the GLR accessory cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit variations in the structure or organization of the microtubule-based dendritic projections extending from the cell body, compared to that observed in control animals. In C. elegans, cilia are classified as channel cilia or wing cilia depending on their placement within the sensillum. Channel cilia of control animals are cylindrical, extend into the sensillum pore and are exposed to the outside. Wing cilia of control animals vary in shape, are embedded in the sensillum sheath cell and are not typically refractory to dyes indicating exposure to the outside. cilia morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology defective dye filling of cilia WBPhenotype:0000615 cilia morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the structure or organization of the microtubule-based dendritic projections extending from the cell body, compared to that observed in control animals. In C. elegans, cilia are classified as channel cilia or wing cilia depending on their placement within the sensillum. Channel cilia of control animals are cylindrical, extend into the sensillum pore and are exposed to the outside. Wing cilia of control animals vary in shape, are embedded in the sensillum sheath cell and are not typically refractory to dyes indicating exposure to the outside. WB:WBPaper00000214 WB:WBPaper00000932 WB:WBPerson712 Animals display variations in the appearance of the subcellular junctional structure composed of a presynaptic terminal directly opposite the post-synaptic target and separated by a synaptic cleft. synapse morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000616 synapse morphology variant Animals display variations in the appearance of the subcellular junctional structure composed of a presynaptic terminal directly opposite the post-synaptic target and separated by a synaptic cleft. GO:0045202 WB:WBPaper00027305 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the progression of the alimentary system over time, from its formation to its mature state compared to control. The alimentary system includes all the body structures involved in preparing food for absorption into the body and excretion of waste products. alimentary system development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000617 alimentary system development variant Any variation in the progression of the alimentary system over time, from its formation to its mature state compared to control. The alimentary system includes all the body structures involved in preparing food for absorption into the body and excretion of waste products. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the progression of the coelomic system over time, from its formation to its mature state compared to control. coelomic system development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000618 coelomic system development variant Any variation in the progression of the coelomic system over time, from its formation to its mature state compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the progression of the epithelial system over time, from its formation to its mature state compared to control. epithelial system development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000619 epithelial system development variant Any variation in the progression of the epithelial system over time, from its formation to its mature state compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the progression of the excretory secretory system over time, from its formation to its mature state compared to control. The excretory secretory system consists of the excretory system and its associated glands. excretory secretory system development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000620 excretory secretory system development variant Any variation in the progression of the excretory secretory system over time, from its formation to its mature state compared to control. The excretory secretory system consists of the excretory system and its associated glands. WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the progression of the excretory system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The excretory system is required for the elimination of metabolic waste. In C. elegans, the excretory system is comprised of the excretory cell, excretory duct cell and excretory socket cell. excretory system development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000621 excretory system development variant Variations in the progression of the excretory system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The excretory system is required for the elimination of metabolic waste. In C. elegans, the excretory system is comprised of the excretory cell, excretory duct cell and excretory socket cell. WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the progression of the muscle system over time, from its formation to its mature state compared to control. muscle system development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000622 muscle system development variant Any variation in the progression of the muscle system over time, from its formation to its mature state compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state compared to control. nervous system development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000623 nervous system development variant Any variation in the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state compared to control. GO:0007399 WB:cab Any variation in the progression of the reproductive system over time, from its formation to its mature state compared to control. reproductive system development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology reproductive defect WBPhenotype:0000624 reproductive system development variant Any variation in the progression of the reproductive system over time, from its formation to its mature state compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the biosynthesis of a synapse compared to control. synapse development variant synaptogenesis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000625 synaptogenesis variant Any variation in the biosynthesis of a synapse compared to control. GO:0007416 WB:cab synapse development variant WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the decrease in a behavioral response to a repeated stimulus compared to control. habituation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology non associative learning WBPhenotype:0000626 habituation variant Any variation in the decrease in a behavioral response to a repeated stimulus compared to control. GO:0046959 WB:cab Animals exhibit variations in their response to a specific anesthetic compared to that observed in control animals. anaesthetic response variant anesthetic response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000627 anesthetic response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to a specific anesthetic compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Early embryos exhibit defects in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated chromosomes apart. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000628 Possible XP. spindle assembly defective early emb Early embryos exhibit defects in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated chromosomes apart. GO:0051225 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:cab WB:cgc7141 Any variation that causes an increase in the frequency of neurite (axon or dendrite) outgrowth. As a result, an excess number of neuronal projections are generated. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000629 excess neurite outgrowth Any variation that causes an increase in the frequency of neurite (axon or dendrite) outgrowth. As a result, an excess number of neuronal projections are generated. WB:WBPerson2021 Failure to execute the characteristic response to the bitter tastant quinine, as defined by control animals. In C. elegans, quinine is typically repellent. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000630 quinine chemotaxis defective Failure to execute the characteristic response to the bitter tastant quinine, as defined by control animals. In C. elegans, quinine is typically repellent. WB:WBPaper00006481 WB:WBPaper00035961 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the characteristic response(s) to drug(s) as defined by control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology drug response abnormal WBPhenotype:0000631 drug response variant Any variation in the characteristic response(s) to drug(s) as defined by control animals. WB:cab The ability of axons to converge and form a bundle of nerve fibres (fascicle) is compromised. axon fasciculation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000632 axon fasciculation variant The ability of axons to converge and form a bundle of nerve fibres (fascicle) is compromised. GO:0007413 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals display variations in the number or pattern of axonal tracts stemming from the neuron cell body, compared to that observed in control animals. axon branching abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000633 axon branching variant Animals display variations in the number or pattern of axonal tracts stemming from the neuron cell body, compared to that observed in control animals. GO:0048755 WB:WBPaper00027335 WB:WBPaper00027711 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the contraction and relaxation movements of the pharyngeal muscle that mediate feeding in nematodes compared to control. pharyngeal pumping abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000634 pharyngeal pumping variant Any variation in the contraction and relaxation movements of the pharyngeal muscle that mediate feeding in nematodes compared to control. GO:0043050 WB:cab Any variation in the directed movement of an animal in response to chemical attractants as defined by control animals. positive chemotaxis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000635 positive chemotaxis variant Any variation in the directed movement of an animal in response to chemical attractants as defined by control animals. GO:0050918 WB:cab WB:cgc122 WB:cgc387 Any variation in the ability of neurons to undergo a dramatic decrease in cell volume, collapse of the vacuoles and processes, and complete disintegration of the plasma membrane and most organelles under conditions that ellicit this response in control animals. neuron degeneration abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000636 neuron degeneration variant Any variation in the ability of neurons to undergo a dramatic decrease in cell volume, collapse of the vacuoles and processes, and complete disintegration of the plasma membrane and most organelles under conditions that ellicit this response in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Characteristic entry into the dauer stage is altered compared to control animals. Daf dauer formation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000637 dauer formation variant Characteristic entry into the dauer stage is altered compared to control animals. WB:cab Animals exhibit defects in the process of periodic shedding, of part or all of its cuticle, during cuticle replacement that punctuates each larval stage. Mlt Mult C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000638 molt defect Animals exhibit defects in the process of periodic shedding, of part or all of its cuticle, during cuticle replacement that punctuates each larval stage. GO:0018996 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the entry into the dauer stage when exposed to temperatures that induce dauer formation in control animals. In C. elegans, many Daf-c animals enter dauer at 25C, whereas Hid animals enter dauer at 27C. temperature induced dauer formation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Hid WBPhenotype:0000639 temperature induced dauer formation variant Animals exhibit variations in the entry into the dauer stage when exposed to temperatures that induce dauer formation in control animals. In C. elegans, many Daf-c animals enter dauer at 25C, whereas Hid animals enter dauer at 27C. WB:WBPaper00006103 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the stage of eggs laid, egg laying cycle, number of eggs or egg laying in response to stimuli compared to control. Egl egg laying abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology oviposition abnormal WBPhenotype:0000640 Visual inspection. egg laying variant Animals exhibit variations in the stage of eggs laid, egg laying cycle, number of eggs or egg laying in response to stimuli compared to control. WB:cab pmid:11813735 pmid:9697864 oviposition abnormal GO:0018991 Any variation in the degree of movement compared to control animals. activity level abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000641 activity level variant Any variation in the degree of movement compared to control animals. WB:cab Worms move forward or backward with an increased rate of body bends per minute compared to control animals. Hya C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000642 hyperactive Worms move forward or backward with an increased rate of body bends per minute compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00004402 WB:WBPaper00006395 WB:cab Animals exhibit deviations in self-propelled movement on a solid medium compared to control animals. Unc locomotion abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology movement defect uncoordinated WBPhenotype:0000643 locomotion variant Animals exhibit deviations in self-propelled movement on a solid medium compared to control animals. GO:0040011 WB:WBPaper00024949 WB:WBPerson712 WB:cab Animals do not move and are not responsive to external mechanical stimulation. Prl C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Prz WBPhenotype:0000644 paralyzed Animals do not move and are not responsive to external mechanical stimulation. WB:cab The body of the animal rotates around its long axis as the animal moves, causing the animal to move in a circular pattern. In liquid media, wave propogation is helical rather than planar. Rol C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000645 roller The body of the animal rotates around its long axis as the animal moves, causing the animal to move in a circular pattern. In liquid media, wave propogation is helical rather than planar. WB:cab WB:cgc31 Animals move more slowly compared with control animals. Slu C_elegans_phenotype_ontology lethargic slow WBPhenotype:0000646 sluggish Animals move more slowly compared with control animals. WB:cab Animals exhibit variations in any processes that lead to the successful transfer of sperm from one organism to another. copulation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000647 copulation variant Animals exhibit variations in any processes that lead to the successful transfer of sperm from one organism to another. GO:0007620 WB:cab Any variation in the specific actions or reactions of the male that are associated with reproduction compared to control. Cod male mating abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000648 male mating variant Any variation in the specific actions or reactions of the male that are associated with reproduction compared to control. GO:0060179 WB:cab Any variation in the male's ability to locate his partner's vulva when backing along the ventral side of the partner during mating compared to control. In C. elegans the male stops at the vulva, coordinates his movements to the hermaphrodite's, and positions his tail precisely over the vulva so that he may insert his spicules and ejaculate. vulva location abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Lov WBPhenotype:0000649 vulva location variant Any variation in the male's ability to locate his partner's vulva when backing along the ventral side of the partner during mating compared to control. In C. elegans the male stops at the vulva, coordinates his movements to the hermaphrodite's, and positions his tail precisely over the vulva so that he may insert his spicules and ejaculate. GO:0034608 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the processes involved in eliminating gut contents compared to control animals. In C. elegans the sequence of events during defecation includes posterior body contraction (pBoc), relaxation, anterior body contraction (aBoc), expulsion of gut contents by enteric muscle contraction (Emc) and opening of anus (Exp), and intercycle period (Wormatlas). defecation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000650 defecation variant Animals exhibit variations in the processes involved in eliminating gut contents compared to control animals. In C. elegans the sequence of events during defecation includes posterior body contraction (pBoc), relaxation, anterior body contraction (aBoc), expulsion of gut contents by enteric muscle contraction (Emc) and opening of anus (Exp), and intercycle period (Wormatlas). GO:0030421 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 WB:cab Animals exhibit delayed or infrequent passage and/or expulsion of fecal matter. Con C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000651 constipated Animals exhibit delayed or infrequent passage and/or expulsion of fecal matter. WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the progression of a set of interacting or interdependent entities forming the sensory system over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals. The sensory system is involved in the perception of a stimuli, its conversion into a signal and the recognition and characterization of the resulting signal. WBPhenotype:0000248 sensory system abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000652 sensory system variant Variations in the progression of a set of interacting or interdependent entities forming the sensory system over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals. The sensory system is involved in the perception of a stimuli, its conversion into a signal and the recognition and characterization of the resulting signal. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the progression of a set of interacting or interdependent entities forming the mechanosensory system over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals. The mechanosensory system is involved in the perception of a mechanical stimuli, its conversion into a signal and the recognition and characterization of the resulting signal. mechanosensory system abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000653 mechanosensory system variant Variations in the progression of a set of interacting or interdependent entities forming the mechanosensory system over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals. The mechanosensory system is involved in the perception of a mechanical stimuli, its conversion into a signal and the recognition and characterization of the resulting signal. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the fusion of intracellular neurotransmitter-filled membrane-bound vesicles with the pre-synaptic membrane of the neuronal cell compared to control. synaptic vesicle exocytosis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000654 synaptic vesicle exocytosis variant Animals exhibit variations in the fusion of intracellular neurotransmitter-filled membrane-bound vesicles with the pre-synaptic membrane of the neuronal cell compared to control. GO:0016079 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the process of GABA neurotransmitter-based communication from a neuron to a target cell across a synapse compared to control. GABA synaptic transmission abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000655 GABA synaptic transmission variant Animals exhibit variations in the process of GABA neurotransmitter-based communication from a neuron to a target cell across a synapse compared to control. GO:0007268 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the process of acetylcholine neurotransmitter-based communication from a neuron to a target cell across a synapse compared to control. acetylcholine synaptic transmission abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000656 acetylcholine synaptic transmission variant Animals exhibit variations in the process of acetylcholine neurotransmitter-based communication from a neuron to a target cell across a synapse compared to control. GO:0007268 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the process of information transfer between two neurons; usually in reference to chemical synapses, but can also be used to refer to electrical synapses compared to control (Wormatlas). neuronal synaptic transmission abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000657 neuronal synaptic transmission variant Any variation in the process of information transfer between two neurons; usually in reference to chemical synapses, but can also be used to refer to electrical synapses compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the process of communication across a synapse between a neuron and a target muscle cell compared to control animals. neuromuscular synaptic transmission abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000658 neuromuscular synaptic transmission variant Any variation in the process of communication across a synapse between a neuron and a target muscle cell compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Behavior associated with the intake of food is altered compared to control. feeding behavior abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000659 feeding behavior variant Behavior associated with the intake of food is altered compared to control. GO:0007631 WB:WBPerson557 Worms are found in clumps and/or crowded at the border of the bacterial lawn more frequently than control animals. This behavior is not due to mobility defects. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology bordering increased social behavior enhanced WBPhenotype:0000660 social feeding increased Worms are found in clumps and/or crowded at the border of the bacterial lawn more frequently than control animals. This behavior is not due to mobility defects. WB:WBPerson712 Animals disperse across a bacterial lawn and feed alone. When food is limiting, they can aggregate into swarms or clumps, but disperse once again when food is absent. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology solitary behavior enhanced solitary forager on food WBPhenotype:0000661 solitary feeding increased Animals disperse across a bacterial lawn and feed alone. When food is limiting, they can aggregate into swarms or clumps, but disperse once again when food is absent. WB:WBPaper00003187 WB:WBPaper00032342 WB:WBPerson712 Variations in the behavior by which an organism locates food compared to control animals. In C. elegans roaming or dwelling activity on food are two examples of parameters used to assess this behavior. Roaming is defined as moving in a high-speed forward direction with brief backward movement, often traversing wide regions. Dwelling is defined as low-speed/high turning movement restricted to a confined region. Fab foraging behavior abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000662 foraging behavior variant Variations in the behavior by which an organism locates food compared to control animals. In C. elegans roaming or dwelling activity on food are two examples of parameters used to assess this behavior. Roaming is defined as moving in a high-speed forward direction with brief backward movement, often traversing wide regions. Dwelling is defined as low-speed/high turning movement restricted to a confined region. GO:0060756 WB:WBPaper00005621 WB:WBPaper00031455 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the avoidance response to solutions of a particular osmotic strength compared to control. In C. elegans, animals typically avoid solutions of high osmotic strength. osmotic avoidance abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Osm WBPhenotype:0000663 osmotic avoidance variant Animals exhibit variations in the avoidance response to solutions of a particular osmotic strength compared to control. In C. elegans, animals typically avoid solutions of high osmotic strength. WB:WBPerson2021 The maximum ventral and dorsal flex of the animal is greater than that observed for control animals. WBPhenotype:0004021 exaggerated body bends C_elegans_phenotype_ontology loopy WBPhenotype:0000664 exaggerated body bends The maximum ventral and dorsal flex of the animal is greater than that observed for control animals. WB:WBPerson712 Any variation that disrupts the connectivity between the somatic gonad and the adjoining tissues compared to control. In C. elegans this connnection is between the somatic gonad and the vulva in hermaphrodites and between the somatic gonad and proctodeum in males. connection of gonad abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Cog WBPhenotype:0000665 connection of gonad variant Any variation that disrupts the connectivity between the somatic gonad and the adjoining tissues compared to control. In C. elegans this connnection is between the somatic gonad and the vulva in hermaphrodites and between the somatic gonad and proctodeum in males. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation that disrupts the release of a mature oocyte into the spermatheca (for subsequent fertilization), compared to control. ovulation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000666 ovulation variant Any variation that disrupts the release of a mature oocyte into the spermatheca (for subsequent fertilization), compared to control. GO:0030728 WB:WBPaper00003017 WB:WBPerson2021 The specialized tissue of the reproductive tract that produces gamete is shifted from its customary place as defined by control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology ectopic gonad WBPhenotype:0000667 gonad displaced The specialized tissue of the reproductive tract that produces gamete is shifted from its customary place as defined by control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation that results in the presence of mature oocytes with distended polyploid nuclei. In C. elegans, such oocytes mature and exit diakinesis, but are often not properly ovulated or fertilized. Emo C_elegans_phenotype_ontology arrest in meiosis I WBPhenotype:0000668 endomitotic oocytes Any variation that results in the presence of mature oocytes with distended polyploid nuclei. In C. elegans, such oocytes mature and exit diakinesis, but are often not properly ovulated or fertilized. WB:kmva Variations in the progression of the muscles of the adult reproductive system over time form their initial formation to their mature structure compared to control. sex muscle development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000669 sex muscle development variant Variations in the progression of the muscles of the adult reproductive system over time form their initial formation to their mature structure compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the processes that influence the generation and maturation of spermatozoa (motile sperm) compared to control. Spe spermatocyte germ cell differentiation abnormal spermatogenesis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000670 spermatogenesis variant Any variation in the processes that influence the generation and maturation of spermatozoa (motile sperm) compared to control. GO:0007283 WB:WBPaper00027300 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals fail to respond to the concentration of copper that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to copper to elicit the response compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000671 resistant to copper Animals fail to respond to the concentration of copper that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to copper to elicit the response compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals display variations in the distribution of transmitter-filled vesicles in relation to the electron-dense membrane specialization of the neuron,compared to that observed in control animals. presynaptic vesicle cluster localization abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology synaptic vesicle cluster localization abnormal WBPhenotype:0000672 presynaptic vesicle cluster localization variant Animals display variations in the distribution of transmitter-filled vesicles in relation to the electron-dense membrane specialization of the neuron,compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00027305 WB:WBPaper00027711 WB:WBPerson712 The number of offspring produced is altered compared to that of control animals. brood size abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000673 brood size variant The number of offspring produced is altered compared to that of control animals. WB:WBPerson557 The developmental progression of an animal, from its formation to its mature structure occurs over a longer time period compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology retarded development WBPhenotype:0000674 slow development The developmental progression of an animal, from its formation to its mature structure occurs over a longer time period compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals die after fusion of gametes without dividing. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Emb WBPhenotype:0000675 zygotic lethal Animals die after fusion of gametes without dividing. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The increase in size or mass of an organism over time during the lifespan of the organism or over any developmental stage(s) is not similar to that observed for control animals. growth rate abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000676 growth rate variant The increase in size or mass of an organism over time during the lifespan of the organism or over any developmental stage(s) is not similar to that observed for control animals. GO:0040007 WB:WBPerson712 Animals fail to receive, process or recognize a sensory chemical stimulus in the same manner as control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000677 chemosensation defective Animals fail to receive, process or recognize a sensory chemical stimulus in the same manner as control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 OBSOLETE. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000678 This phenotype was intended to reflect a lack of any phenotypic abnormality in the individuals in question. The C. elegans phenotype ontology no longer has terms specifically used to assert negation of a phenotype. obsolete no copper sensitivity true OBSOLETE. WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the subcellular localization of a gene product produced by DNA coded for by exogenous genetic material that has been introduced into the organism compared to its expression in control animals. transgene subcellular localization abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000679 transgene subcellular localization variant Any variation in the subcellular localization of a gene product produced by DNA coded for by exogenous genetic material that has been introduced into the organism compared to its expression in control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in their response to aldicarb compared to that observed in control animals. aldicarb response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000680 aldicarb response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to aldicarb compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in their response to DMPP compared to that observed in control animals. DMPP response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000681 DMPP response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to DMPP compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Hermaphrodites are transformed into fertile females; In C. elegans, XO fog animals are somatically male but produce oocytes instead of, or in addition to, sperm. Fog feminization of germ line C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000682 feminization of germline Hermaphrodites are transformed into fertile females; In C. elegans, XO fog animals are somatically male but produce oocytes instead of, or in addition to, sperm. WB:cab pmid:3396865 The germ line is sexually transformed from hermaphrodite to male. In C. elegans, XX mog animals are somatically hermaphrodite, but germ cells that normally would become oocytes are transformed into sperm. Mog masculinization of germ line C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000683 masculinization of germline The germ line is sexually transformed from hermaphrodite to male. In C. elegans, XX mog animals are somatically hermaphrodite, but germ cells that normally would become oocytes are transformed into sperm. WB:WBPaper00001710 WB:WBPerson2021 Germ cell populations are reduced compared to control animals. Fgc C_elegans_phenotype_ontology germline underproliferation WBPhenotype:0000684 fewer germ cells Germ cell populations are reduced compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:cab Any variation that causes a reduction in growth rate during larval stages compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000685 larval growth slow Any variation that causes a reduction in growth rate during larval stages compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in their response ionizing radiation compared to that observed in control animals. organism ionizing radiation response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000686 organism ionizing radiation response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response ionizing radiation compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Both hermaphrodites and males develop into fertile females. Fem C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000687 feminization of XX and XO animals Both hermaphrodites and males develop into fertile females. WB:cab Animals generate defective gametes, are otherwise unable to reproduce or they generate progeny that are unable to reproduce. Ste semi sterile C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000688 sterile Animals generate defective gametes, are otherwise unable to reproduce or they generate progeny that are unable to reproduce. GO:0000003 WB:WBPerson712 Animals produce no or very few embryos as a result of experimental treatment. This is in contrast to sterility due to genetic perturbations (maternal effect sterility). Ste Reduced fecundity of injected worm C_elegans_phenotype_ontology sterile F0 fertility problems WBPhenotype:0000689 maternal sterile Animals produce no or very few embryos as a result of experimental treatment. This is in contrast to sterility due to genetic perturbations (maternal effect sterility). WB:WBPerson557 WB:cab WB:cgc5599 WB:cgc7141 Reduced fecundity of injected worm WB:cgc5599 Variations in the gross movement of the whole structure of the gonad along the body wall, behind the gonadal leader cell and away from the developing vulva compared to control (Wormatlas). Gom gonad migration abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000690 gonad migration variant Variations in the gross movement of the whole structure of the gonad along the body wall, behind the gonadal leader cell and away from the developing vulva compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the progression of the organ that produces gametes over time, from its formation to the mature structure compared to control. gonad development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Gon gonadogenesis abnormal WBPhenotype:0000691 gonad development variant Variations in the progression of the organ that produces gametes over time, from its formation to the mature structure compared to control. GO:0008406 WB:WBPerson2021 X0 animals fail to generate viable cross-progeny. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000692 male sterile X0 animals fail to generate viable cross-progeny. WB:WBPerson2021 Any perturbation that renders male derived sperm ineffective at fertilizing an oocyte. Fer C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000693 male sperm fertilization defect Any perturbation that renders male derived sperm ineffective at fertilizing an oocyte. WB:WBPaper00001075 WB:WBPerson2021 Hermaphrodites fail to generate viable self-progeny and/or cross-progeny. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000694 hermaphrodite sterile Hermaphrodites fail to generate viable self-progeny and/or cross-progeny. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the gross structure or organization of the reproductive organ required for depositing eggs and for influencing male mating behavior compared to control. vulva morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000695 vulva morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the gross structure or organization of the reproductive organ required for depositing eggs and for influencing male mating behavior compared to control. WB:WBPerson712 The eversion process, in which the vulval invagination is turned inside out during the final molt, is disrupted. In C.elegans, such variations in vulval eversion are primarily due to developmental defects in the somatic gonad (and sometimes vulva). Evl C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000696 everted vulva The eversion process, in which the vulval invagination is turned inside out during the final molt, is disrupted. In C.elegans, such variations in vulval eversion are primarily due to developmental defects in the somatic gonad (and sometimes vulva). WB:WBPaper00001738 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson261 WB:cab Animals undergo incomplete vulval morphogenesis, resulting in the formation of a single protrusion at the site of the vulva. Pvl Pvu C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000697 protruding vulva Animals undergo incomplete vulval morphogenesis, resulting in the formation of a single protrusion at the site of the vulva. WB:WBPaper00004408 WB:WBPerson2021 No vulval tissue is produced. In C. elegans, this is usually a result of all six vulval precursor cells adopting a tertiary fate. Vul underinduced C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000698 vulvaless No vulval tissue is produced. In C. elegans, this is usually a result of all six vulval precursor cells adopting a tertiary fate. WB:WBPaper00001182 WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure compared to control. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult. vulva development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000699 vulva development variant Variations in the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure compared to control. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult. GO:0040025 WB:IA WB:WBPerson2021 Multiple vulva-like protrusions are present along the ventral side of the animal. In C. elegans, this is usually a result of all six vulval precursor cells adopting primary or secondary vulval fates. Muv overinduced C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000700 multivulva Multiple vulva-like protrusions are present along the ventral side of the animal. In C. elegans, this is usually a result of all six vulval precursor cells adopting primary or secondary vulval fates. WB:WBPaper00001182 WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the progression of the epithelia over time, from its formation to its mature state compared to control. This process involves autonomously generated changes in epidermal cell shape and position, and interactions with internal tissues, including the developing nervous system and body wall muscles to affect epidermal enclosure, cell intercalation, and epidermal elongation. epithelial development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology epidermal morphogenesis variant WBPhenotype:0000701 epithelial development variant Any variation in the progression of the epithelia over time, from its formation to its mature state compared to control. This process involves autonomously generated changes in epidermal cell shape and position, and interactions with internal tissues, including the developing nervous system and body wall muscles to affect epidermal enclosure, cell intercalation, and epidermal elongation. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any perturbation that renders epithelial cells incompetent at undergoing membrane fusion during development. PMID:15341747 C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000702 epithelial cell fusion failure Any perturbation that renders epithelial cells incompetent at undergoing membrane fusion during development. WB:WBPaper00005122 WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the form, composition or structure of the layer of cells that cover the external surface of an organism and form the inner lining between the tissues and organs of that organism and the external environment compared to control. In C. elegans epithelial cells include epithelium of the alimentary tract, intestinal cells, hypodermis, interfacial cells and somatic gonad cells (Wormatlas). epithelial morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology hypodermal morphology abnormal WBPhenotype:0000703 epithelial morphology variant Variations in the form, composition or structure of the layer of cells that cover the external surface of an organism and form the inner lining between the tissues and organs of that organism and the external environment compared to control. In C. elegans epithelial cells include epithelium of the alimentary tract, intestinal cells, hypodermis, interfacial cells and somatic gonad cells (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the form or composition of structures made by the processes of the excretory canal cell compared to control (Wormatlas). excretory canal morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000704 excretory canal morphology variant Variations in the form or composition of structures made by the processes of the excretory canal cell compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the progression of an intestinal cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control. intestinal cell development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000705 intestinal cell development variant Any variation in the progression of an intestinal cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Animals lack birefringent containing compartments in embryonic intestinal cells; however, these compartments appear in adult stages. Glo PMID:15843430 C_elegans_phenotype_ontology gut granule loss WBPhenotype:0000706 gut granule biogenesis reduced Animals lack birefringent containing compartments in embryonic intestinal cells; however, these compartments appear in adult stages. WB:WBPaper00032168 WB:WBPerson712 Variations in the progression of the pharynx (feeding organ) over time, from its formation to the mature structure compared to control. In C. elegans the pharynx is divided into the anterior and posterior regions. The anterior region includes the corpus (procorpus and metacorpus - first bulb) and the posterior region includes the isthmus and terminal bulb (second bulb). pharyngeal development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000707 pharyngeal development variant Variations in the progression of the pharynx (feeding organ) over time, from its formation to the mature structure compared to control. In C. elegans the pharynx is divided into the anterior and posterior regions. The anterior region includes the corpus (procorpus and metacorpus - first bulb) and the posterior region includes the isthmus and terminal bulb (second bulb). GO:0043282 WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the progression of the intestine over time from its initial formation to its mature structure compared to control. intestinal development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology endoderm development abnormal gut development abnormal WBPhenotype:0000708 intestinal development variant Variations in the progression of the intestine over time from its initial formation to its mature structure compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the form or composition of the mouthparts at the anterior end of the digestive tract which contain a series of radial muscles, related neurons and epithelial cells, and several gland cells which may aid in digestion compared to control (Wormatlas). pharyngeal morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000709 pharyngeal morphology variant Variations in the form or composition of the mouthparts at the anterior end of the digestive tract which contain a series of radial muscles, related neurons and epithelial cells, and several gland cells which may aid in digestion compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of the chain of cuboidal cells which form a central lumen lined by microvilli that allow the passage of food, compared to control. Food passes from the posterior pharynx to the intestine where it is digested and then on to the rectum which processes the waste products for excretion (Wormatlas). intestinal morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000710 intestinal morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of the chain of cuboidal cells which form a central lumen lined by microvilli that allow the passage of food, compared to control. Food passes from the posterior pharynx to the intestine where it is digested and then on to the rectum which processes the waste products for excretion (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit increased sensitivity to the effects of ion producing radiation compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000711 organism hypersensitive ionizing radiation Animals exhibit increased sensitivity to the effects of ion producing radiation compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00000565 WB:WBPerson712 Germ cells exhibit variations in their response to ionizing radiation compared to that observed in control animals. germ cell ionizing radiation response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000712 germ cell ionizing radiation response variant Germ cells exhibit variations in their response to ionizing radiation compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson557 OBSOLETE. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000713 obsolete spermatocyte division abnormal true OBSOLETE. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000714 obsolete disorganized muscle true Animals exhibit a greater number of embryonic muscle cells compared to control. Mex C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000715 muscle excess Animals exhibit a greater number of embryonic muscle cells compared to control. WB:WBPaper00001584 WB:kmva Mex WB:WBPaper00001584 Any variation in the connection of a cell whose principal function is to provide contractile forces with its neighboring cells or tissues compared to control. muscle cell attachment abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000716 muscle cell attachment variant Any variation in the connection of a cell whose principal function is to provide contractile forces with its neighboring cells or tissues compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the processes that convert a gene's sequence into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA), compared to control. gene expression abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000717 gene expression variant Variations in the processes that convert a gene's sequence into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA), compared to control. GO:0010467 WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the process of normalizing the expression level of X-linked genes between XX and XO animals compared to control. dosage compensation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000718 Possible XP GO:0007549. dosage compensation variant Variations in the process of normalizing the expression level of X-linked genes between XX and XO animals compared to control. GO:0007549 WB:WBPerson363 OBSOLETE. reporter gene expression abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000719 obsolete reporter gene expression variant true OBSOLETE. WB:WBPerson557 OBSOLETE. pattern of reporter gene expression abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000720 obsolete pattern of reporter gene expression variant true OBSOLETE. WB:WBPerson557 OBSOLETE. level of reporter gene expression abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000721 obsolete level of reporter gene expression variant true OBSOLETE. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the appearance of nucleoli compared to control animals. nucleolus abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000722 nucleolus variant Animals exhibit variations in the appearance of nucleoli compared to control animals. WB:cab OBSOLETE. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000723 obsolete cellular secretion abnormal true Variations in the regulated release of proteins from a cell or group of cells compared to control. protein secretion abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000724 protein secretion variant Variations in the regulated release of proteins from a cell or group of cells compared to control. GO:0009306 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit variations in any process that involves the maintenance, biosynthesis or accumulation of an internal store of lipid within the organism or cell compared to control. lipid metabolism abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000725 lipid metabolism variant Animals exhibit variations in any process that involves the maintenance, biosynthesis or accumulation of an internal store of lipid within the organism or cell compared to control. GO:0055088 WB:WBPaper00032000 WB:WBPaper00032082 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation of the specific binding of a molecule to its partner, which typically results in a change in cell activity, compared to control. ligand binding abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000726 ligand binding variant Any variation of the specific binding of a molecule to its partner, which typically results in a change in cell activity, compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the function of naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes compared to control. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein (can include an RNA component). enzyme activity abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000727 enzyme activity variant Any variation in the function of naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes compared to control. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein (can include an RNA component). GO:0003824 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle by fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane of a cell, compared to control. exocytosis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000728 exocytosis variant Variations in the process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle by fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane of a cell, compared to control. GO:0006887 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit variations in any of the processes that lead to the termination of vital functions of a cell. Ced cell death abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000729 cell death variant Animals exhibit variations in any of the processes that lead to the termination of vital functions of a cell. GO:0008219 WB:cab Animals exhibit variations in any processes that influence the programmed cell death pathway. Induction of the apoptotic pathway triggers the activity of proteolytic caspases, which in turn lead to the destruction of the cell. Ced apoptosis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000730 apoptosis variant Animals exhibit variations in any processes that influence the programmed cell death pathway. Induction of the apoptotic pathway triggers the activity of proteolytic caspases, which in turn lead to the destruction of the cell. GO:0006915 WB:WBPerson2021 Germ cells exhibit increased sensitivity to the effects of ion producing radiation compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000731 germ cell hypersensitive ionizing radiation Germ cells exhibit increased sensitivity to the effects of ion producing radiation compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in any process that involves the maintenance, biosynthesis or accumulation of DNA in the organism compared to control. DNA metabolism abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000732 DNA metabolism variant Variations in any process that involves the maintenance, biosynthesis or accumulation of DNA in the organism compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the catalysis of a biochemical reaction compared to control. Catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein (can include an RNA component). catalysis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000733 catalysis variant Any variation in the catalysis of a biochemical reaction compared to control. Catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein (can include an RNA component). GO:0003824 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for cells as a collective unit of the hypodermal system to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. hypodermal cell physiology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000734 hypodermal cell physiology variant Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for cells as a collective unit of the hypodermal system to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the regulated re-replication of DNA in the hypodermal cells during a single cell cycle, compared to control. endoreduplication of hypodermal nuclei abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000735 endoreduplication of hypodermal nuclei variant Any variation in the regulated re-replication of DNA in the hypodermal cells during a single cell cycle, compared to control. GO:0042023 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the process by which their cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm, compared to control. autophagy abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000736 autophagy variant Animals exhibit variations in the process by which their cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm, compared to control. GO:0006914 WB:WBPerson712 Germ cells fail to respond to the dosage of ion producing radiation that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, germ cells require a higher dosage or a longer exposure to ion producing radiation to elicit the same response as control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000737 germ cell resistant ionizing radiation Germ cells fail to respond to the dosage of ion producing radiation that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, germ cells require a higher dosage or a longer exposure to ion producing radiation to elicit the same response as control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The response to a change in the environment is altered compared to control. organism environmental stimulus response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000738 organism environmental stimulus response variant The response to a change in the environment is altered compared to control. WB:cab Variations in the activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism, compared to control. DNA damage response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000739 DNA damage response variant Variations in the activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism, compared to control. GO:0006974 WB:WBPerson2021 Cells of the animals exhibit variations in the initiation, progression or exit from the biochemical and morphological processes that occur during successive replication or nuclear replication events from that observed for control animals. cell cycle abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000740 cell cycle variant Cells of the animals exhibit variations in the initiation, progression or exit from the biochemical and morphological processes that occur during successive replication or nuclear replication events from that observed for control animals. GO:0007049 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Mitotic cells exhibit variations in the execution of cell-cycle arrest in response to DNA damage. DNA damage checkpoint abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000741 DNA damage checkpoint variant Mitotic cells exhibit variations in the execution of cell-cycle arrest in response to DNA damage. WB:WBPaper00029085 WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the process by which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents, compared to control. DNA recombination abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000742 DNA recombination variant Variations in the process by which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents, compared to control. GO:0006310 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit variations in their response to gene silencing triggered by double stranded RNA (RNAi), compared to control. Rde RNAi response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000743 RNAi response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to gene silencing triggered by double stranded RNA (RNAi), compared to control. GO:0016246 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit variations in the silencing of endogenous genes after introduction of repetitive exogenous cognate DNA compared to control. transgene induced cosuppression abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000744 transgene induced cosuppression variant Animals exhibit variations in the silencing of endogenous genes after introduction of repetitive exogenous cognate DNA compared to control. WB:WBPaper00025139 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the activity of endogenous transposons compared to control. In C. elegans transposon activity is often measured by the rate of reversion of mutations induced by transposon insertions. transposon silencing abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000745 transposon silencing variant Animals exhibit variations in the activity of endogenous transposons compared to control. In C. elegans transposon activity is often measured by the rate of reversion of mutations induced by transposon insertions. GO:0000335 WB:WBPaper00031962 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation that alters the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells compared to control. cell division abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000746 cell division variant Any variation that alters the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells compared to control. GO:0051301 WB:WBPerson2021 Any defects in the muscle contractions that control feeding. Contractions are necessary for bacterial uptake from the surrounding environment. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000747 pharyngeal contraction defective Any defects in the muscle contractions that control feeding. Contractions are necessary for bacterial uptake from the surrounding environment. WB:WBPaper00001696 Symmetric (PAR-like) divisions or excessive posterior displacement (zyg-8 like phenotypes). Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000748 asymmetric cell division defective early emb Symmetric (PAR-like) divisions or excessive posterior displacement (zyg-8 like phenotypes). WB:cab WB:cgc7141 Variations in the progression of an embryo over time, from zygote formation to hatching compared to control. embryonic development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology developmental defects detected in embryos WBPhenotype:0000749 embryonic development variant Variations in the progression of an embryo over time, from zygote formation to hatching compared to control. GO:0009790 WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the progression of a larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure compared to control. The larva is the early, immature form of an animal between hatching and adulthood. larval development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000750 larval development variant Variations in the progression of a larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure compared to control. The larva is the early, immature form of an animal between hatching and adulthood. GO:0002164 WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the progression of a newly hatched animal through the first larval molt compared to control. L1 larval development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000751 L1 larval development variant Variations in the progression of a newly hatched animal through the first larval molt compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the progression of the second larval stage compared to control. L2 larval development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000752 L2 larval development variant Variations in the progression of the second larval stage compared to control. WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the progression of the third larval stage compared to control. L3 larval development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000753 L3 larval development variant Variations in the progression of the third larval stage compared to control. WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the progression of the fourth larval stage compared to control. L4 larval development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000754 L4 larval development variant Variations in the progression of the fourth larval stage compared to control. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit defects in the process of shedding, part or all of its cuticle, during cuticle replacement that punctuates L1 to L2 transition. L1 L2 molt abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology L1 molt WBPhenotype:0000755 L1 L2 molt defect Animals exhibit defects in the process of shedding, part or all of its cuticle, during cuticle replacement that punctuates L1 to L2 transition. GO:0018996 Animals exhibit defects in the process of shedding, part or all of its cuticle, during cuticle replacement that punctuates L2 to L3 transition. L2 L3 molt abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology L2 molt WBPhenotype:0000756 L2 L3 molt defect Animals exhibit defects in the process of shedding, part or all of its cuticle, during cuticle replacement that punctuates L2 to L3 transition. GO:0018996 Animals exhibit defects in the process of shedding, part or all of its cuticle, during cuticle replacement that punctuates L3 to L4 transition. L3 L4 molt abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology L3 molt WBPhenotype:0000757 L3 L4 molt defect Animals exhibit defects in the process of shedding, part or all of its cuticle, during cuticle replacement that punctuates L3 to L4 transition. GO:0018996 Animals exhibit defects in the process of shedding, part or all of its cuticle, during cuticle replacement that punctuates L4 to adult transition. L4 adult molt abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology L4 molt WBPhenotype:0000758 L4 adult molt defect Animals exhibit defects in the process of shedding, part or all of its cuticle, during cuticle replacement that punctuates L4 to adult transition. GO:0018996 Early embryos exhibit defects in the assembly, disassembly, arrangement, elongation or stabilization of the microtubules and associated molecules that form between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during a cell cycle. Emb Spd C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000759 Possible XP. spindle defective early emb Early embryos exhibit defects in the assembly, disassembly, arrangement, elongation or stabilization of the microtubules and associated molecules that form between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during a cell cycle. GO:0007051 WB:WBPerson2021 The alignment of the spindle relative to other cellular structures in the cells of an embryo varies from that observed in control animals. Emb Spn C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000760 spindle orientation defective early emb The alignment of the spindle relative to other cellular structures in the cells of an embryo varies from that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Early embryos exhibit defects in the placement or the alignment of the array of microtubules and associated molecules that form between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during mitosis or meiosis. Emb Spo C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Spi WBPhenotype:0000761 spindle position orientation defective early emb Early embryos exhibit defects in the placement or the alignment of the array of microtubules and associated molecules that form between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during mitosis or meiosis. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Early embryos exhibit defects in the placement of the array of microtubules and associated molecules that form between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during mitosis or meiosis. Abs Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000762 Possible XP. spindle position defective early emb Early embryos exhibit defects in the placement of the array of microtubules and associated molecules that form between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during mitosis or meiosis. GO:0051653 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit deviations at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell, in any physical or chemical process required for an embryonic cell to carry out its normal function and activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli. embryonic cell physiology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000763 embryonic cell physiology variant Animals exhibit deviations at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell, in any physical or chemical process required for an embryonic cell to carry out its normal function and activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli. GO:0009987 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the processes that are carried out at in the embryo which results in its formation or the arrangement of constituent parts, compared to control. embryonic cell organization biogenesis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000764 embryonic cell organization biogenesis variant Variations in the processes that are carried out at in the embryo which results in its formation or the arrangement of constituent parts, compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The embryos exhibit defects in the cell cycle process whereby the distance is lengthened between poles of the spindle. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000765 Possible XP. spindle elongation integrity defective early emb The embryos exhibit defects in the cell cycle process whereby the distance is lengthened between poles of the spindle. GO:0051231 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:cab WB:cgc7141 Any variation in the rotation of the centrosome-pronuclear complex after its migration toward the center of the embryo, compared to control. Rot centrosome pair and associated pronuclear rotation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000766 Possible XP. centrosome pair and associated pronuclear rotation variant Any variation in the rotation of the centrosome-pronuclear complex after its migration toward the center of the embryo, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00004895 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Sparse or enlarged yolk granules. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000767 integrity of membranous organelles defective early emb Sparse or enlarged yolk granules. WB:WBPaper00025054 WB:cab Areas devoid of yolk granules throughout the embryo. Emb cytoplasmic structure abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Aberrant Cytoplasmic Structure cellular structure disorganized WBPhenotype:0000768 cytoplasmic structure defective early emb Areas devoid of yolk granules throughout the embryo. WB:cab WB:cgc7141 Embryos exhibit defects in the form, structure or composition of any cellular contents (excluding plasma membrane and nucleus), compared to control embryos. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000769 cytoplasmic appearance defective early emb Embryos exhibit defects in the form, structure or composition of any cellular contents (excluding plasma membrane and nucleus), compared to control embryos. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the appearance of embryonic cells compared to control. embryonic cell morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000770 embryonic cell morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the appearance of embryonic cells compared to control. WB:cab Centrosomes detach from the male pronucleus. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000771 centrosome attachment defective early emb Centrosomes detach from the male pronucleus. WB:cab WB:cgc7141 Daughter nuclei are deformed and stay close to central cortex, cytokinesis defects. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000772 sister chromatid segregation defective early emb Daughter nuclei are deformed and stay close to central cortex, cytokinesis defects. WB:cab WB:cgc7141 Any variation in the processes that regulate the apportionment of chromosomes to each of two daughter cells compared to control. chromosome segregation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000773 chromosome segregation variant Any variation in the processes that regulate the apportionment of chromosomes to each of two daughter cells compared to control. GO:0007059 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 WB:kmva Any variation in the processes that govern the generation and maintenance of gametes compared to control. gametogenesis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000774 gametogenesis variant Any variation in the processes that govern the generation and maintenance of gametes compared to control. GO:0007276 WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the specialized nuclear and cytoplasmic divisions of a single diploid cell, whose specific outcome is the formation of four haploid daughter cells compared to control. Meiosis occurs during the formation of gametes. meiosis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Mei germ cell meiosis abnormal germ cell meiosis variant WBPhenotype:0000775 meiosis variant Variations in the specialized nuclear and cytoplasmic divisions of a single diploid cell, whose specific outcome is the formation of four haploid daughter cells compared to control. Meiosis occurs during the formation of gametes. GO:0051321 WB:WBPerson2021 Male and female PNs not visible; embryo often fills egg shell completely. Emb passage through meiosis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000776 passage through meiosis defective early emb Male and female PNs not visible; embryo often fills egg shell completely. WB:cab WB:cgc71441 Unextruded or resorbed polar body(ies) leading to an extra PNs in P0 and/or extra karyomeres in AB/P1. Emb polar body extrusion abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000777 polar body extrusion defective early emb Unextruded or resorbed polar body(ies) leading to an extra PNs in P0 and/or extra karyomeres in AB/P1. WB:cab WB:cgc7141 Animals are unable to ingest nutrients at a rate similar to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000778 feeding inefficient Animals are unable to ingest nutrients at a rate similar to control animals. WB:WBPaper00032342 WB:WBPerson712 Cessation of development during the final stages of embryogenesis. In C. elegans, this stage normally occurs 620-800 min after the first cleavage at 20C and is the stage after elongation. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000779 late embryonic arrest Cessation of development during the final stages of embryogenesis. In C. elegans, this stage normally occurs 620-800 min after the first cleavage at 20C and is the stage after elongation. WB:WBPerson101 Animals rotate back and forth around their longitudinal axes. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000780 shaker Animals rotate back and forth around their longitudinal axes. WB:cab WB:cgc914 Any variation in the extremely thin elongated cytoplasmic filament, usually composed principally of actin protein to form a myofilament lattice, as in muscle cells compared to control (Wormatlas). thin filament abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology thin filament variant WBPhenotype:0000781 body wall muscle thin filament variant Any variation in the extremely thin elongated cytoplasmic filament, usually composed principally of actin protein to form a myofilament lattice, as in muscle cells compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of a robust elongated cytoplasmic filament composed principally of myosin protein compared to control animals. In C. elegans, thick filaments also contain paramyosin and twitchin (Wormatlas). thick filament abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology thick filament variant WBPhenotype:0000782 body wall muscle thick filament variant Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of a robust elongated cytoplasmic filament composed principally of myosin protein compared to control animals. In C. elegans, thick filaments also contain paramyosin and twitchin (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals lack the planar structure within the muscle sarcomere which lies midway within the thick filament (A) band, attaching to the plasma membrane at its base and running up towards the inward surface of the myofilament lattice, compared to control animals (Wormatlas). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000783 M line absent Animals lack the planar structure within the muscle sarcomere which lies midway within the thick filament (A) band, attaching to the plasma membrane at its base and running up towards the inward surface of the myofilament lattice, compared to control animals (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Males exhibit variations in the time of onset or duration of the fertile period owing to differences in sperm competence and/or function compared to control animals. male fertility abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000784 male fertility variant Males exhibit variations in the time of onset or duration of the fertile period owing to differences in sperm competence and/or function compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter transparency/translucency of a particular body part compared to control animals. body part pigmentation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000785 body part pigmentation variant Animals exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter transparency/translucency of a particular body part compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter transparency/translucency along a particular body axis compared to control. body axis pigmentation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000786 body axis pigmentation variant Animals exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter transparency/translucency along a particular body axis compared to control. WB:WBPerson557 Animals have decreased accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that causes increased translucency of the posterior body axis compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000787 posterior pale Animals have decreased accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that causes increased translucency of the posterior body axis compared to control. WB:WBPerson557 Animals have decreased accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that causes increased translucency of the anterior body axis compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000788 anterior pale Animals have decreased accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that causes increased translucency of the anterior body axis compared to control. WB:WBPerson557 Animals respond to fluoxetine at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000789 fluoxetine hypersensitive Animals respond to fluoxetine at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals fail to respond to the concentration of fluoxetine that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000790 fluoxetine resistant Animals fail to respond to the concentration of fluoxetine that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 The nose of an animal fails to respond to the concentration of fluoxetine that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000791 nose resistant to fluoxetine The nose of an animal fails to respond to the concentration of fluoxetine that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of the anatomy contained in the anterior region, compared to control animals. anterior region morphology variant anterior body morphology abnormal anterior region morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000792 anterior body morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of the anatomy contained in the anterior region, compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of the anatomy contained in the posterior region, compared to control animals. WBPhenotype:0001490 posterior region morphology variant posterior body morphology abnormal posterior region morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000793 posterior body morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of the anatomy contained in the posterior region, compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The posterior part of the worm exhibits a reduced girth compared to a control animal of the same developmental stage. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000794 posterior body thin The posterior part of the worm exhibits a reduced girth compared to a control animal of the same developmental stage. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the specific actions or reactions of one of the longitudinal axes of the extended body of the worm in response to external or internal stimuli compared to that observed in control animals (Wormatlas). body axis behavior abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000795 body axis behavior variant Variations in the specific actions or reactions of one of the longitudinal axes of the extended body of the worm in response to external or internal stimuli compared to that observed in control animals (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The movement of the posterior part of the worm is not coordinated with the rest of the body. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000796 posterior body uncoordinated The movement of the posterior part of the worm is not coordinated with the rest of the body. WB:cab Variations in the specific actions or reactions of the longitudinal axis that spans from the midpoint to the tip of the tail of an animal in response to external or internal stimuli compared to that observed in control animals (Wormatlas). posterior body behavior abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000797 posterior body behavior variant Variations in the specific actions or reactions of the longitudinal axis that spans from the midpoint to the tip of the tail of an animal in response to external or internal stimuli compared to that observed in control animals (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the specific actions or reactions of the longitudinal axis that spans from the midpoint to the tip of the head of an animal in response to external or internal stimuli compared to that observed in control animals (Wormatlas). anterior body behavior abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000798 anterior body behavior variant Variations in the specific actions or reactions of the longitudinal axis that spans from the midpoint to the tip of the head of an animal in response to external or internal stimuli compared to that observed in control animals (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the progression of an animal's anatomy contained in the anterior region over time, compared to control animals. anterior region development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000799 anterior region development variant Variations in the progression of an animal's anatomy contained in the anterior region over time, compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the progression of an animal's anatomy contained in the posterior region over time, compared to control animals. posterior region development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000800 posterior region development variant Variations in the progression of an animal's anatomy contained in the posterior region over time, compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the progression of an animal's anatomy contained in the ventral region over time, compared to control animals. ventral region development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000801 ventral region development variant Variations in the progression of an animal's anatomy contained in the ventral region over time, compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the progression of an animal's anatomy contained in the dorsal region over time, compared to control animals. dorsal region development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000802 dorsal region development variant Variations in the progression of an animal's anatomy contained in the dorsal region over time, compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the progression of the anterior end of the animal over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals. head development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000803 head development variant Variations in the progression of the anterior end of the animal over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the progression of the overall structure or appearance of the animal over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals. body development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000804 body development variant Variations in the progression of the overall structure or appearance of the animal over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the tail over time, from its formation to the mature structure, compared to control. The tail includes the posterior region that spans from the rectum to the end. tail development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000805 tail development variant Any variation in the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the tail over time, from its formation to the mature structure, compared to control. The tail includes the posterior region that spans from the rectum to the end. WB:WBPerson2021 Hermaphrodites exhibit variations in the time of onset or duration of the fertile period, or variations in the production of viable offspring, including number and state of fertilized eggs laid, compared to controls. hermaphrodite fertility abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000806 hermaphrodite fertility variant Hermaphrodites exhibit variations in the time of onset or duration of the fertile period, or variations in the production of viable offspring, including number and state of fertilized eggs laid, compared to controls. WB:WBPerson712 The descendants of the G1 or G2 exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. G lineages abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000807 G lineages variant The descendants of the G1 or G2 exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 The descendants of the K precursor cell exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. K lineage abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000808 K lineage variant The descendants of the K precursor cell exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 The descendants of a male specific precursor cell exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. male specific lineage abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000809 male specific lineage variant The descendants of a male specific precursor cell exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the progression of a blast cell (precursor cell) over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control. blast cell development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000810 blast cell development variant Any variation in the progression of a blast cell (precursor cell) over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the progression of an epithelial cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control. epithelial cell development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000811 epithelial cell development variant Any variation in the progression of an epithelial cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the progression of the immature germ cell over time, from its formation from precursors to the mature structure (gamete) compared to control. germ cell development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology germline development abnormal WBPhenotype:0000812 germ cell development variant Variations in the progression of the immature germ cell over time, from its formation from precursors to the mature structure (gamete) compared to control. GO:0007281 WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the progression of a gland cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control. gland cell development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000813 gland cell development variant Any variation in the progression of a gland cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the progression of a marginal cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control. A marginal cell is a pharyngeal cell that connects the basement membrane to the apices of the triangle-shaped pharyngeal lumen. marginal cell development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000814 marginal cell development variant Any variation in the progression of a marginal cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control. A marginal cell is a pharyngeal cell that connects the basement membrane to the apices of the triangle-shaped pharyngeal lumen. WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the progression of a muscle cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control. muscle cell development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000815 muscle cell development variant Any variation in the progression of a muscle cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the progression of a neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control. neuron development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000816 neuron development variant Variations in the progression of a neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control. GO:0048666 WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the progression of the epithelial cells that form the interface between the uterus and the vulva (likely via a multilayered set of flaps) over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals (Wormatlas). uterine vulval cell development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000817 uterine vulval cell development variant Variations in the progression of the epithelial cells that form the interface between the uterus and the vulva (likely via a multilayered set of flaps) over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Activity characteristic of an adult worm is altered compared to control. adult behavior abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000818 adult behavior variant Activity characteristic of an adult worm is altered compared to control. WB:cab Behavior characteristic of postembryonic stage(s) is altered compared to control. postembryonic behavior abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000819 postembryonic behavior variant Behavior characteristic of postembryonic stage(s) is altered compared to control. WB:cab Activity characteristic of an embryo is altered compared to control. embryonic behavior abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000820 embryonic behavior variant Activity characteristic of an embryo is altered compared to control. WB:cab Animals exhibit variations in sex-specific behaviors compared to control. sexually dimorphic behavior abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000821 sexually dimorphic behavior variant Animals exhibit variations in sex-specific behaviors compared to control. WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the processes that govern the sexually dimorphic development of germline or somatic tissue compared to control. sex determination abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology sex specific development abnormal WBPhenotype:0000822 sex determination variant Any variation in the processes that govern the sexually dimorphic development of germline or somatic tissue compared to control. WB:kmva Nuclear divisions in the germ line are either expanded are reduced compared to control. Glp germ line proliferation abnormal germline proliferation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology germ cell proliferation abnormal WBPhenotype:0000823 germline proliferation variant Nuclear divisions in the germ line are either expanded are reduced compared to control. WB:cab The descendants of an embryonic precursor cell exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. embryonic cell lineage abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000824 embryonic cell lineage variant The descendants of an embryonic precursor cell exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 The descendants of a postembryonic precursor cell exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. postembryonic cell lineage abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000825 postembryonic cell lineage variant The descendants of a postembryonic precursor cell exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 The descendants of H1 or H2 cells exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. H lineages abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000826 H lineages variant The descendants of H1 or H2 cells exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 The descendants of any of the V precursor cells (V1-V6) exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. V lineages abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000827 V lineages variant The descendants of any of the V precursor cells (V1-V6) exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 The descendants of TL or TR cells exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. T lineages abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000828 T lineages variant The descendants of TL or TR cells exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 The descendants of Q L or QR cells exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. Q lineage abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000829 Q lineage variant The descendants of Q L or QR cells exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 The descendants of the B cell (which divides only in the males) exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. B lineage abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000830 B lineage variant The descendants of the B cell (which divides only in the males) exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 The descendants of the Y cell (which divides only in the males) exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. Y lineage abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000831 Y lineage variant The descendants of the Y cell (which divides only in the males) exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 The descendants of the C blastomere exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. C lineage abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000832 C lineage variant The descendants of the C blastomere exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. WB:WBPaper00001584 WB:WBPerson2021 The descendants of the U cell (which divides only in the males) exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. U lineage abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000833 U lineage variant The descendants of the U cell (which divides only in the males) exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 The descendants of the E blastomere exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. E lineage abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000834 E lineage variant The descendants of the E blastomere exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. WB:WBPaper00002870 WB:WBPerson2021 The descendants of the F cell (which divides only in the males) exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. F lineage abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000835 F lineage variant The descendants of the F cell (which divides only in the males) exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 The descendants of a gonadal precursor cell exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. gonadal lineage abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000836 gonadal lineage variant The descendants of a gonadal precursor cell exhibit altered developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 The descendants of a gonadal precursor cell exhibit altered developmental programs in the hermaphrodite compared to their counterparts in control animals. hermaphrodite gonadal lineage abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000837 hermaphrodite gonadal lineage variant The descendants of a gonadal precursor cell exhibit altered developmental programs in the hermaphrodite compared to their counterparts in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 The descendants of a gonadal precursor cell exhibit altered developmental programs in the male compared to their counterparts in control animals. male gonadal lineage abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000838 male gonadal lineage variant The descendants of a gonadal precursor cell exhibit altered developmental programs in the male compared to their counterparts in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 Z1 descendants exhibit altered developmental programs in the hermaphrodite compared to their counterparts in control animals. Z1 hermaphrodite lineage abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000839 Z1 hermaphrodite lineage variant Z1 descendants exhibit altered developmental programs in the hermaphrodite compared to their counterparts in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 Z4 descendants exhibit altered developmental programs in the hermaphrodite compared to their counterparts in control animals. Z4 hermaphrodite lineage abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000840 Z4 hermaphrodite lineage variant Z4 descendants exhibit altered developmental programs in the hermaphrodite compared to their counterparts in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 Z1 descendents exhibit altered developmental programs in the male compared to their counterparts in control animals. Z1 male lineage abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000841 Z1 male lineage variant Z1 descendents exhibit altered developmental programs in the male compared to their counterparts in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 Z4 descendants exhibit altered developmental programs in the male compared to their counterparts in control animals. Z4 male lineage abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000842 Z4 male lineage variant Z4 descendants exhibit altered developmental programs in the male compared to their counterparts in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 The number of cross progeny sired by males is reduced compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000843 male mating efficiency reduced The number of cross progeny sired by males is reduced compared to control. WB:WBPaper00000179 WB:WBPaper00000608 WB:WBPerson557 Pharyngeal pumping is not influenced by serotonin treatment in the same manner as control animals. serotonin induced pumping abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000844 serotonin induced pumping variant Pharyngeal pumping is not influenced by serotonin treatment in the same manner as control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit variations in the response to the addition of levamisole compared to that observed in control animals. Levamisole is a cholinergic agonist. levamisole response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology tetramisole response abnormal WBPhenotype:0000845 levamisole response variant Animals exhibit variations in the response to the addition of levamisole compared to that observed in control animals. Levamisole is a cholinergic agonist. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process in the region of the vesicle-filled varicosities of the synapse compared to control. presynaptic region physiology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000846 presynaptic region physiology variant Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process in the region of the vesicle-filled varicosities of the synapse compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals display variations in the distribution of the constituents that make up the synaptic machinery such as those required for priming, docking or fusion of vesicles at the active zone, compared to that observed in control animals. presynaptic component localization abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology synaptic component localization abnormal synaptic machinery localization abnormal WBPhenotype:0000847 presynaptic component localization variant Animals display variations in the distribution of the constituents that make up the synaptic machinery such as those required for priming, docking or fusion of vesicles at the active zone, compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00027305 WB:WBPerson712 The developmental progression of an animal over time, from its formation to its mature structure is delayed compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000848 developmental delay The developmental progression of an animal over time, from its formation to its mature structure is delayed compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for an amphid to carry out its normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. amphid physiology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000849 amphid physiology variant Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for an amphid to carry out its normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animal does not respond to stroking in the anterior body region with a hair or similar fiber compared to control. In C. elegans, the anterior region is defined as the body region that lies between the posterior bulb of the pharynx and the vulva. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology touch insensitive anterior body WBPhenotype:0000850 touch resistant anterior body Animal does not respond to stroking in the anterior body region with a hair or similar fiber compared to control. In C. elegans, the anterior region is defined as the body region that lies between the posterior bulb of the pharynx and the vulva. WB:WBPaper00000502 WB:WBPaper00001705 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the ciliated neuron to carry out its normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. ciliated neuron physiology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000851 ciliated neuron physiology variant Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the ciliated neuron to carry out its normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson712 Variations in the progression of a free-floating spherical cell lying in the pseudocoelomic cavity of animals that can endocytose many compounds, possibly for immune surveillance, over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals. coelomocyte development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000852 coelomocyte development variant Variations in the progression of a free-floating spherical cell lying in the pseudocoelomic cavity of animals that can endocytose many compounds, possibly for immune surveillance, over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the bidirectional movement of large protein complexes (mediated by motor proteins) along microtubules within a cilium or flagellum, compared to control. intraflagellar transport abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology IFT abnormal WBPhenotype:0000853 intraflagellar transport variant Variations in the bidirectional movement of large protein complexes (mediated by motor proteins) along microtubules within a cilium or flagellum, compared to control. GO:0042073 WB:WBPerson2021 Bidirectional movement of large protein complexes (mediated by motor proteins) along microtubules within a cilium or flagellum is disrupted. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology ift defective WBPhenotype:0000854 intraflagellar transport defective Bidirectional movement of large protein complexes (mediated by motor proteins) along microtubules within a cilium or flagellum is disrupted. WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the progression of the fluid-filled space which separates the body wall from internal organs over time from its initial formation to its mature form compared to control (Wormatlas). pseudocoelom development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000855 pseudocoelom development variant Variations in the progression of the fluid-filled space which separates the body wall from internal organs over time from its initial formation to its mature form compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the progression of a gland cell of the secretory-excretory system over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control. excretory gland cell development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000856 excretory gland cell development variant Any variation in the progression of a gland cell of the secretory-excretory system over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the progression of a protokidney cell with an internal lumen that is suggested to collect and secrete salt solutions outward via the excretory sinus, over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals. excretory cell development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology excretory canal cell development abnormal WBPhenotype:0000857 excretory cell development variant Variations in the progression of a protokidney cell with an internal lumen that is suggested to collect and secrete salt solutions outward via the excretory sinus, over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the progression of an interfacial epithelial cell which forms a lumen to receive the outflow of the excretory gland and excretory canal cells, over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals. excretory duct cell development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000858 excretory duct cell development variant Variations in the progression of an interfacial epithelial cell which forms a lumen to receive the outflow of the excretory gland and excretory canal cells, over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the progression of an interfacial epithelial cell which links excretory duct to hypodermis, over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals. excretory socket cell development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology excretory pore cell development abnormal WBPhenotype:0000859 excretory socket cell development variant Variations in the progression of an interfacial epithelial cell which links excretory duct to hypodermis, over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the progression of muscle cells that lack transverse striations in its constituent fibers and are almost always involuntary, over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals. nonstriated muscle development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000860 nonstriated muscle development variant Variations in the progression of muscle cells that lack transverse striations in its constituent fibers and are almost always involuntary, over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals. GO:0051145 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the progression of the principal muscle cell type whose contractile activity generates body motion in the nematode over time compared to control. In C. elegans they consist of 95 unfused cells in the adult organized into four muscle quadrants. Their sarcomeres are obliquely striated and lie lengthwise along the body wall (Wormatlas). body wall muscle development abnormal body wall muscle cell development abnormal body wall muscle cell development variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology muscle belly development abnormal somatic muscle development abnormal striated muscle development abnormal WBPhenotype:0000861 body wall muscle development variant Any variation in the progression of the principal muscle cell type whose contractile activity generates body motion in the nematode over time compared to control. In C. elegans they consist of 95 unfused cells in the adult organized into four muscle quadrants. Their sarcomeres are obliquely striated and lie lengthwise along the body wall (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Worms appears turgid or swollen as a result of an excess number of eggs being retained in the uterus. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000862 bloated Worms appears turgid or swollen as a result of an excess number of eggs being retained in the uterus. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Males exhibit a reduction in the production of new individuals owing to defects in sperm competence and/or function compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000863 male fertility reduced Males exhibit a reduction in the production of new individuals owing to defects in sperm competence and/or function compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Cessation of development during the initial period of elongation. In C. elegans, this period refers to the conversion of the bean-shaped embryo into the two-fold- shaped embryo. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000864 early elongation arrest Cessation of development during the initial period of elongation. In C. elegans, this period refers to the conversion of the bean-shaped embryo into the two-fold- shaped embryo. WB:WBPaper00027244 Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for a amphid sheath cell to carry out its normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. amphid sheath cell physiology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000865 amphid sheath cell physiology variant Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for a amphid sheath cell to carry out its normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Germ cells fail to undergo meiotic differentiation to form mature gametes. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000866 germ cell arrest Germ cells fail to undergo meiotic differentiation to form mature gametes. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Cessation of development during any stage occurring after fertilization and until hatching compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000867 embryonic arrest Cessation of development during any stage occurring after fertilization and until hatching compared to control. WB:WBPerson712 All parts of the animal are immobilized except for the head. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000868 paralyzed body All parts of the animal are immobilized except for the head. WB:cab OBSOLETE. mitochondria morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000869 obsolete mitochondria morphology variant muscle true OBSOLETE. WB:WBPerson557 OBSOLETE. mitochondria morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000870 obsolete mitochondria morphology variant epithelial true OBSOLETE. WB:WBPerson557 OBSOLETE. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000871 obsolete connected mitochondria epithelial true OBSOLETE. WB:WBPerson557 OBSOLETE. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000872 obsolete connected mitochodria muscle true OBSOLETE. WB:WBPerson557 Mitotic cells exhibit variations during the passage through a cell cycle control point late in the G1 phase of the mitotic cell cycle just before entry into S phase, compared to control cells. G1 checkpoint abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000873 G1 checkpoint variant Mitotic cells exhibit variations during the passage through a cell cycle control point late in the G1 phase of the mitotic cell cycle just before entry into S phase, compared to control cells. GO:0007089 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Mitotic cells exhibit variations during the passage through a cell cycle control point late in the G2 phase of the mitotic cell cycle just before entry into M phase, nuclear division, compared to control cells. G2 checkpoint abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000874 G2 checkpoint variant Mitotic cells exhibit variations during the passage through a cell cycle control point late in the G2 phase of the mitotic cell cycle just before entry into M phase, nuclear division, compared to control cells. GO:0000075 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Mitotic cells exhibit variations during the passage through a cell cycle control point late in the S phase of the mitotic cell cycle, which ensures DNA replication is complete, compared to control cells. S phase checkpoint abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000875 S phase checkpoint variant Mitotic cells exhibit variations during the passage through a cell cycle control point late in the S phase of the mitotic cell cycle, which ensures DNA replication is complete, compared to control cells. GO:0033314 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in their response to osmotic stress compared to that observed in control animals. organism osmotic stress response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000876 organism osmotic stress response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to osmotic stress compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the progression of a sheath cell of the amphid sensillum over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control. amphid sheath cell development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000877 amphid sheath cell development variant Any variation in the progression of a sheath cell of the amphid sensillum over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the progression of a chemosensory neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control. chemosensory neuron development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000878 chemosensory neuron development variant Any variation in the progression of a chemosensory neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit variations in the processes that are required to maintain the length of telomeric DNA from generation to generation compared to control. telomere length regulation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000879 telomere length regulation variant Animals exhibit variations in the processes that are required to maintain the length of telomeric DNA from generation to generation compared to control. GO:0032204 WB:WBPaper00031585 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the processes that influence the generation of neuronal extensions, that carry efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells compared to control. axon development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology axonogenesis abnormal WBPhenotype:0000880 axon development variant Any variation in the processes that influence the generation of neuronal extensions, that carry efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells compared to control. GO:0007409 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the placement of the microtuble-based dendritic projections in relation to the sensillum neuron, from that observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000881 cilia mislocalized Animals exhibit variations in the placement of the microtuble-based dendritic projections in relation to the sensillum neuron, from that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the processes that influence the generation of neuronal extensions, that carry afferent (incoming) action potentials towards the cell body compared to control. dendrite development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000882 dendrite development variant Any variation in the processes that influence the generation of neuronal extensions, that carry afferent (incoming) action potentials towards the cell body compared to control. GO:0016358 WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the progression of the major zone of overlapping axons in the head, which encircles the isthmus of the pharynx to form a tightly packed ring-like structure on the outside of the pharynx, over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals. nerve ring development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000883 nerve ring development variant Variations in the progression of the major zone of overlapping axons in the head, which encircles the isthmus of the pharynx to form a tightly packed ring-like structure on the outside of the pharynx, over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the structure or organization of either of a set of two ciliated wing neurons, AWBL or AWBR, of the amphid sensilla, compared to that observed in control animals. AWB morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000884 WBbt:0005671. AWB morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the structure or organization of either of a set of two ciliated wing neurons, AWBL or AWBR, of the amphid sensilla, compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00000938 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the removal of a cell corpse, by a neighboring cell or a phagocyte compared to control. engulfment abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology phagocytosis abnormal WBPhenotype:0000885 engulfment variant Any variation in the removal of a cell corpse, by a neighboring cell or a phagocyte compared to control. GO:0043652 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit variations compared to a given control. Abnormal variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology not WT not wildtype WBPhenotype:0000886 nematode phenotype Animals exhibit variations compared to a given control. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in hermaphrodite-specific behaviors compared to control. hermaphrodite behavior abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000887 hermaphrodite behavior variant Animals exhibit variations in hermaphrodite-specific behaviors compared to control. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in male-specific behaviors compared to control. male behavior abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000888 male behavior variant Animals exhibit variations in male-specific behaviors compared to control. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required to carry out sex-specific activities or to be able to perceive and respond to sex-specific stimuli compared to control. sexually dimorphic physiology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000889 sexually dimorphic physiology variant Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required to carry out sex-specific activities or to be able to perceive and respond to sex-specific stimuli compared to control. WB:WBPerson557 Larva exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter its transparency/translucency compared to control animals. larval pigmentation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000890 larval pigmentation variant Larva exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter its transparency/translucency compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Adult animals appear unusually transparent when compared to control. Clr C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000891 clear adult Adult animals appear unusually transparent when compared to control. WB:WBPerson557 Nuclear divisions in the germ line of hermaphrodites are either expanded are reduced compared to control. hermaphrodite germline proliferation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology hermaphrodite germ cell proliferation abnormal hermaphrodite germ line proliferation abnormal WBPhenotype:0000892 hermaphrodite germline proliferation variant Nuclear divisions in the germ line of hermaphrodites are either expanded are reduced compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Nuclear divisions in the germ line of male animals are either expanded are reduced compared to control. male germline proliferation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology male germ cell proliferation abnormal male germ line proliferation abnormal WBPhenotype:0000893 male germline proliferation variant Nuclear divisions in the germ line of male animals are either expanded are reduced compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the ability of a relatively unspecialized cell to acquire the specialized features of a mature gamete compared to control. germ cell differentiation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000894 germ cell differentiation variant Variations in the ability of a relatively unspecialized cell to acquire the specialized features of a mature gamete compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 OBSOLETE. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000895 obsolete spermatocyte germ cell differentiation abnormal true OBSOLETE. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000896 obsolete oocyte germ cell differentiation abnormal true Variations in the material made up of fibers forming a framework and support structure for body tissues and organs compared to control. connective tissue abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000897 connective tissue development variant Variations in the material made up of fibers forming a framework and support structure for body tissues and organs compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the morphological appearance of blast cells compared to control animals. blast cell morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000898 blast cell morphology variant Any variation in the morphological appearance of blast cells compared to control animals. WB:cab Any variation in the morphological appearance of epithelial cells compared to control animals. epithelial cell morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000899 epithelial cell morphology variant Any variation in the morphological appearance of epithelial cells compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the morphological appearance of germ cells compared to control animals. germ cell morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000900 germ cell morphology variant Any variation in the morphological appearance of germ cells compared to control animals. WB:cab Any variation in the morphological appearance of gland cells compared to control animals. gland cell morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000901 gland cell morphology variant Any variation in the morphological appearance of gland cells compared to control animals. WB:cab Any variation in the morphological appearance of intestinal cells compared to control animals. intestinal cell morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000902 intestinal cell morphology variant Any variation in the morphological appearance of intestinal cells compared to control animals. WB:cab Any variation in the morphological appearance of marginal cells compared to control animals. marginal cell morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000903 marginal cell morphology variant Any variation in the morphological appearance of marginal cells compared to control animals. WB:cab Any variation in the morphological appearance of muscle cells compared to control animals. muscle cell morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000904 muscle cell morphology variant Any variation in the morphological appearance of muscle cells compared to control animals. WB:cab Animals display variations in the structure or organization of components of the neuronal cell internal to the cell itself or in relation to the cellular environment compared to control. A neuron is a major cell type of nervous tissue specialized for transmission of information in the form of patterns of impulses. neuron morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000905 WBbt:0003679. neuron morphology variant Animals display variations in the structure or organization of components of the neuronal cell internal to the cell itself or in relation to the cellular environment compared to control. A neuron is a major cell type of nervous tissue specialized for transmission of information in the form of patterns of impulses. WB:WBPerson712 WB:cab Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of the epithelial cells that form the interface between the uterus and the vulva (likely via a multilayered set of flaps) compared to control animals (Wormatlas). uterine vulval cell morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000906 uterine vulval cell morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of the epithelial cells that form the interface between the uterus and the vulva (likely via a multilayered set of flaps) compared to control animals (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the structural appearance of the caudal opening of the rectum in the tail compared to control animals. anus morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000907 anus morphology variant Any variation in the structural appearance of the caudal opening of the rectum in the tail compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the structural appearance of the epithelial chamber that links the genital and alimentary tracts to the exterior via the anus (cloacal opening) compared to control animals. WBPhenotype:0000343 cloaca morphology abnormal cloacal morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000908 cloacal morphology variant Any variation in the structural appearance of the epithelial chamber that links the genital and alimentary tracts to the exterior via the anus (cloacal opening) compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the structure or appearance of the cells that form a narrow passage connecting the posterior bulb of the pharynx to the anterior intestine compared to control. In C. elegans this valve is composed of 3 pairs of cells each forming a flattened disc-like ring and is lined by a layer of cuticle (Wormatlas). pharyngeal intestinal valve morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000909 pharyngeal intestinal valve morphology variant Any variation in the structure or appearance of the cells that form a narrow passage connecting the posterior bulb of the pharynx to the anterior intestine compared to control. In C. elegans this valve is composed of 3 pairs of cells each forming a flattened disc-like ring and is lined by a layer of cuticle (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the morphological appearance of the rectum compared to control animals. rectal morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000910 rectal morphology variant Any variation in the morphological appearance of the rectum compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the morphological appearance of coelomocytes compared to control animals. coelomocyte morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000911 coelomocyte morphology variant Any variation in the morphological appearance of coelomocytes compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the morphological appearance of pericellular components compared to control animals. pericellular component morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000912 pericellular component morphology variant Any variation in the morphological appearance of pericellular components compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the morphological appearance of the basal lamina compared to control animals. basal lamina morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000913 basal lamina morphology variant Any variation in the morphological appearance of the basal lamina compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of a pair of large cells in the head that fuse to form a single gland whose contents are released into the excretory duct through a specialized secretory membrane, compared to control (Wormatlas). excretory gland cell morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000914 excretory gland cell morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of a pair of large cells in the head that fuse to form a single gland whose contents are released into the excretory duct through a specialized secretory membrane, compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Adults show deficiencies in chroma resulting in increased translucency. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000915 pale adult Adults show deficiencies in chroma resulting in increased translucency. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the morphological appearance of the excretory cell compared to control animals. excretory cell morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology excretory canal cell morphology abnormal WBPhenotype:0000916 excretory cell morphology variant Any variation in the morphological appearance of the excretory cell compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the morphological appearance of the excretory duct cell compared to control animals. excretory duct cell morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000917 excretory duct cell morphology variant Any variation in the morphological appearance of the excretory duct cell compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the morphological appearance of the excretory socket cell compared to control animals. excretory socket cell morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000918 excretory socket cell morphology variant Any variation in the morphological appearance of the excretory socket cell compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the progression of the region of a body wall muscle cell that contains the myofilament lattice (adjacent to the hypodermis) over time, from its initial state to the fully differentiated state compared to control. spindle body wall muscle cell development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology filament lattice body wall muscle cell development abnormal spindle body wall muscle cell development variant WBPhenotype:0000919 body wall muscle cell spindle development variant Any variation in the progression of the region of a body wall muscle cell that contains the myofilament lattice (adjacent to the hypodermis) over time, from its initial state to the fully differentiated state compared to control. WB:WBPaper00000461 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 OBSOLETE. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000920 obsolete body wall muscle cell development variant true OBSOLETE. WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the progression of muscle cells that contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals. striated muscle development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000921 Possible XP. striated muscle development variant Variations in the progression of muscle cells that contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals. GO:0055002 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the progression of somatic (striated) muscles that run longitudinally in males over time from its initial formation to its mature form compared to control. In C. elegans males have 3 additional sets of sex-specific longitudinal muscles (anterior and posterior outer, anterior and posterior inner, and caudal) that contribute to the body wall musculature (Wormatlas). male longitudinal muscle development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000922 male longitudinal muscle development variant Any variation in the progression of somatic (striated) muscles that run longitudinally in males over time from its initial formation to its mature form compared to control. In C. elegans males have 3 additional sets of sex-specific longitudinal muscles (anterior and posterior outer, anterior and posterior inner, and caudal) that contribute to the body wall musculature (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the morphological appearance of the nonstriated muscle compared to control animals. nonstriated muscle morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000923 nonstriated muscle morphology variant Any variation in the morphological appearance of the nonstriated muscle compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the morphological appearance of the striated muscle compared to control animals. striated muscle morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000924 striated muscle morphology variant Any variation in the morphological appearance of the striated muscle compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the morphological appearance of the sex muscles compared to control animals. sex muscle morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000925 sex muscle morphology variant Any variation in the morphological appearance of the sex muscles compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the morphological appearance of the body wall muscle compared to control animals. body wall muscle morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Dim WBPhenotype:0000926 body wall muscle morphology variant Any variation in the morphological appearance of the body wall muscle compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the morphological appearance of the male longitudinal muscle compared to control animals. male longitudinal muscle morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000927 male longitudinal muscle morphology variant Any variation in the morphological appearance of the male longitudinal muscle compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required to carry out male-specific activities or to be able to perceive and respond to male-specific stimuli compared to control. male physiology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000928 male physiology variant Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required to carry out male-specific activities or to be able to perceive and respond to male-specific stimuli compared to control. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required to carry out hermaphrodite-specific activities or to be able to perceive and respond to hermaphrodite-specific stimuli compared to control. hermaphrodite physiology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000929 hermaphrodite physiology variant Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required to carry out hermaphrodite-specific activities or to be able to perceive and respond to hermaphrodite-specific stimuli compared to control. WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the progression of morphogenic processes required for formation or proper placement of sex-specific structures that distinguish the animal as one sex or the other in the population, over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals. sexually dimorphic development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000930 sexually dimorphic development variant Variations in the progression of morphogenic processes required for formation or proper placement of sex-specific structures that distinguish the animal as one sex or the other in the population, over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in their response to bisphenol A compared to that observed in control animals. bisphenol A response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000931 bisphenol A response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to bisphenol A compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals respond to bisphenol A at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure time compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000932 bisphenol A hypersensitive Animals respond to bisphenol A at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure time compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 The descendants of the MS blastomere exhibit any variation in developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. MS lineage abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000933 MS lineage variant The descendants of the MS blastomere exhibit any variation in developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. WB:WBPaper00002330 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of any of its parts during a given developmental stage compared to control animals. developmental morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000934 developmental morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of any of its parts during a given developmental stage compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The descendants of the D blastomere exhibit any variation in developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. D lineage abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000935 D lineage variant The descendants of the D blastomere exhibit any variation in developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. WB:WBPaper00002572 WB:WBPerson2021 The descendants of the P4 blastomere exhibit any variation in developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. P4 lineage abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000936 P4 lineage variant The descendants of the P4 blastomere exhibit any variation in developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 The descendants of the W precursor cell exhibit any variation in developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. W lineage abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000937 W lineage variant The descendants of the W precursor cell exhibit any variation in developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 The descendants of any of the V precursor cells (V1-V6) in male animals, exhibit any variation in developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. male V lineages abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000938 male V lineages variant The descendants of any of the V precursor cells (V1-V6) in male animals, exhibit any variation in developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 The descendants of TL or TR cells in male animals exhibit any variation in developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. male T lineages abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000939 male T lineages variant The descendants of TL or TR cells in male animals exhibit any variation in developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 The descendants of any of the P precursor cells (P1-P12) in male animals exhibit any variation in developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. male P lineages abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000940 male P lineages variant The descendants of any of the P precursor cells (P1-P12) in male animals exhibit any variation in developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 The descendants of the M precursor cell in male animals, exhibit any variation in developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. male M lineage abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000941 male M lineage variant The descendants of the M precursor cell in male animals, exhibit any variation in developmental programs compared to their counterparts in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the progression of an accessory cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control. An accessory cell supports sensory neurons. accessory cell development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000942 accessory cell development variant Any variation in the progression of an accessory cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control. An accessory cell supports sensory neurons. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the progression of a cluster of neuron cell bodies (somata) over time from its initial formation to its mature form compared to control. ganglion development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000943 ganglion development variant Any variation in the progression of a cluster of neuron cell bodies (somata) over time from its initial formation to its mature form compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the progression of a neuronal extension (such as axons or dendrites) over time, from its formation to the mature structure compared to control. neurite development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000944 neurite development variant Variations in the progression of a neuronal extension (such as axons or dendrites) over time, from its formation to the mature structure compared to control. GO:0031175 WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the progression of a dense feltwork of interwoven cytoplasmic processes of nerve cells (dendrites and axons) and support cells, over time from an initial condition to a later condition, compared to control. neuropil development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000945 neuropil development variant Any variation in the progression of a dense feltwork of interwoven cytoplasmic processes of nerve cells (dendrites and axons) and support cells, over time from an initial condition to a later condition, compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the progression of a set of interacting or interdependent entities forming the pharyngeal nervous system over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals. The nervous system is involved in the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses. pharyngeal nervous system development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000946 pharyngeal nervous system development variant Variations in the progression of a set of interacting or interdependent entities forming the pharyngeal nervous system over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals. The nervous system is involved in the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses. GO:0007420 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the form, structure or composition of the material made up of fibers forming a framework and support structure for body tissues and organs compared to control. connective tissue morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000947 connective tissue morphology variant Variations in the form, structure or composition of the material made up of fibers forming a framework and support structure for body tissues and organs compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the appearance or structure of the rigid external coating which is secreted by the hypodermis, seam and some interfacial epithelial cells compared to control (Wormatlas). cuticle morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000948 cuticle morphology variant Any variation in the appearance or structure of the rigid external coating which is secreted by the hypodermis, seam and some interfacial epithelial cells compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the appearance of the body cavity compared to control. In C. elegans , an aberrancy in the psedocoelom can involve an accumulation of fluids or fluorescent reporters. pseudocoelom morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000949 pseudocoelom morphology variant Any variation in the appearance of the body cavity compared to control. In C. elegans , an aberrancy in the psedocoelom can involve an accumulation of fluids or fluorescent reporters. WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the progression of a neuronal sheath cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control. A neuronal sheath cell is a structural cell that forms a specialized environment surrounding the sensory endings of a neuron. neuronal sheath cell development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000950 neuronal sheath cell development variant Any variation in the progression of a neuronal sheath cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control. A neuronal sheath cell is a structural cell that forms a specialized environment surrounding the sensory endings of a neuron. WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the progression of a socket cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control. socket cell development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000951 socket cell development variant Any variation in the progression of a socket cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the progression of a cluster of neuron somata located close to the nerve ring over time from its initial formation to its mature form compared to control (Wormatlas). anterior ganglion development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000952 anterior ganglion development variant Any variation in the progression of a cluster of neuron somata located close to the nerve ring over time from its initial formation to its mature form compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the progression of the ganglion that lies dorsally beside the nerve ring in the head over time from its initial formation to its mature form compared to control. In C. elegans, It contains neuron cell bodies that send their neuronal processes into the ring and longitudinal nerves, but form no local neuropil separate from the nerve ring. The dorsal ganglion is in close contact with the dorsal hypodermal cord (Wormatlas). dorsal ganglion development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000953 dorsal ganglion development variant Any variation in the progression of the ganglion that lies dorsally beside the nerve ring in the head over time from its initial formation to its mature form compared to control. In C. elegans, It contains neuron cell bodies that send their neuronal processes into the ring and longitudinal nerves, but form no local neuropil separate from the nerve ring. The dorsal ganglion is in close contact with the dorsal hypodermal cord (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the progression of the ganglion which lies above and behind the rectum in the tail, in close continuity with the anal hypodermal ridge over time from its initial formation to its mature form compared to control (Wormatlas). dorsorectal ganglia development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000954 dorsorectal ganglia development variant Any variation in the progression of the ganglion which lies above and behind the rectum in the tail, in close continuity with the anal hypodermal ridge over time from its initial formation to its mature form compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the progression of the left and right lateral ganglia which lie beside the nerve ring in the head over time from its initial formation to its mature form compared to control (Wormatlas). lateral ganglia development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000955 lateral ganglia development variant Any variation in the progression of the left and right lateral ganglia which lie beside the nerve ring in the head over time from its initial formation to its mature form compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the progression of the left and right lumbar ganglia which lie behind the pre-anal ganglion in the tail, in lateral positions over time from its initial formation to its mature form compared to control (Wormatlas). lumbar ganglia development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000956 lumbar ganglia development variant Any variation in the progression of the left and right lumbar ganglia which lie behind the pre-anal ganglion in the tail, in lateral positions over time from its initial formation to its mature form compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the progression of the neuron somata associated with the post-deirid over time from its initial formation to its mature form compared to control (Wormatlas). posterior lateral ganglion development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000957 posterior lateral ganglion development variant Any variation in the progression of the neuron somata associated with the post-deirid over time from its initial formation to its mature form compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the progression of the ganglion which lies at the posterior limit of the ventral nerve cord in the tail over time from its initial formation to its mature form compared to control (Wormatlas). preanal ganglion development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000958 preanal ganglion development variant Any variation in the progression of the ganglion which lies at the posterior limit of the ventral nerve cord in the tail over time from its initial formation to its mature form compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the progression of the ganglion which lies at the anterior limit of the ventral nerve cord, near the ventral ganglion and nerve ring in the head posterior to the excretory pore over time from its initial formation to its mature form compared to control (Wormatlas). retrovesicular ganglion development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000959 retrovesicular ganglion development variant Any variation in the progression of the ganglion which lies at the anterior limit of the ventral nerve cord, near the ventral ganglion and nerve ring in the head posterior to the excretory pore over time from its initial formation to its mature form compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the progression of the ganglion which lies ventrally beside the nerve ring in the head, just anterior of the retrovesicular ganglion over time from its initial formation to its mature form compared to control (Wormatlas). ventral ganglion development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000960 ventral ganglion development variant Any variation in the progression of the ganglion which lies ventrally beside the nerve ring in the head, just anterior of the retrovesicular ganglion over time from its initial formation to its mature form compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the cellular or subcellular pattern of expression of a gene product produced by exogenous DNA that has been introduced into the organism compared to its expression in control animals. pattern of transgene expression abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000961 pattern of transgene expression variant Any variation in the cellular or subcellular pattern of expression of a gene product produced by exogenous DNA that has been introduced into the organism compared to its expression in control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the measured expression of a gene product produced by exogenous DNA that has been introduced into the organism compared to its expression in control animals. level of transgene expression abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000962 level of transgene expression variant Any variation in the measured expression of a gene product produced by exogenous DNA that has been introduced into the organism compared to its expression in control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Males exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter transparency/translucency of the organism compared to control animals. male pigmentation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000963 male pigmentation variant Males exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter transparency/translucency of the organism compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals fail to respond to the concentration of DMPP that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000964 DMPP resistant Animals fail to respond to the concentration of DMPP that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the programmed cell death pathway that is triggered in cells other than germ cells and that is not subject to upstream checkpoint regulation. somatic cell death abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000965 somatic cell death variant Animals exhibit variations in the programmed cell death pathway that is triggered in cells other than germ cells and that is not subject to upstream checkpoint regulation. WB:WBPaper00032243 WB:WBPerson712 Progressive decrease in brood size culminating, over generations, in the loss of reproductive ability and thus becoming effectively sterile. Mrt C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000966 germline mortal Progressive decrease in brood size culminating, over generations, in the loss of reproductive ability and thus becoming effectively sterile. WB:WBPaper00003886 WB:WBPaper00027026 WB:WBPerson712 OBSOLETE. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000967 In the WS193 and WS200 versions of WormBase WBPhenotype:0000967 has term name "male tail spike"; In some older records the term ID WBPhenotype:0000967 had the term name "male distal tip cell behavior abnormal", which may reflect an earlier (now deprecated) usage of the term ID. obsolete male tail spike true Any variation in the structure or appearance of the thin cuticle specialization found at the extreme posterior end of the tail compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000968 tail spike variant Any variation in the structure or appearance of the thin cuticle specialization found at the extreme posterior end of the tail compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the structure, organization or placement of the cells that support sensory neurons, compared to that observed in control animals. In C. elegans, this category collectively refers to socket cells, sheath cells, and structural cells, or their processes. accessory cell morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000969 WBbt:0005762. accessory cell morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the structure, organization or placement of the cells that support sensory neurons, compared to that observed in control animals. In C. elegans, this category collectively refers to socket cells, sheath cells, and structural cells, or their processes. WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Embryos exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter its transparency/translucency compared to control animals . embryonic pigmentation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000970 embryonic pigmentation variant Embryos exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter its transparency/translucency compared to control animals . WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter transparency/translucency of the anterior body axis compared to control. anterior pigmentation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000971 anterior pigmentation variant Animals exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter transparency/translucency of the anterior body axis compared to control. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the structure or composition of the glia-like support cell of neuronal sensilla that ensheathes the dendrite tips and or processes of neurons, from that observed in control animals. In C. elegans, sheath cells have highly invaginated and vesiculated surfaces, which provide a specialized environment for dendritic structures. WBPhenotype:0001529 sensilium sheath cell morphology variant neuronal sheath cell morphology abnormal sensilium sheath cell morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000972 neuronal sheath cell morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the structure or composition of the glia-like support cell of neuronal sensilla that ensheathes the dendrite tips and or processes of neurons, from that observed in control animals. In C. elegans, sheath cells have highly invaginated and vesiculated surfaces, which provide a specialized environment for dendritic structures. WB:WBPaper00000822 WB:WBPaper00000938 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit an increased frequency of exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of a pair of homologues. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000973 homologous recombination increased Animals exhibit an increased frequency of exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of a pair of homologues. GO:0007131 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required by a subset of interfacial cells to carry out its normal function or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control. It can refer to socket cells, sheath cells and structural cells or their processes (Wormatlas). accessory cell physiology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000974 accessory cell physiology variant Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required by a subset of interfacial cells to carry out its normal function or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control. It can refer to socket cells, sheath cells and structural cells or their processes (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for a neuronal sheath cell to carry out its normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. neuronal sheath cell physiology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000975 neuronal sheath cell physiology variant Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for a neuronal sheath cell to carry out its normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the ventral cord to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate compared to control. ventral cord patterning abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000976 ventral cord patterning variant Any variation in the developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the ventral cord to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate compared to control. GO:0007389 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of the components of the gonad that are separate from the germline proper compared to control animals. somatic gonad morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000977 somatic gonad morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of the components of the gonad that are separate from the germline proper compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for cells as a collective unit of the spermatheca to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. spermatheca physiology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000978 spermatheca physiology variant Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for cells as a collective unit of the spermatheca to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit defects in any physical or chemical process involved in the dilation of the distal spermatheca which is required for the oocyte exit from the gonad arm. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000979 spermatheca dilation defective Animals exhibit defects in any physical or chemical process involved in the dilation of the distal spermatheca which is required for the oocyte exit from the gonad arm. WB:WBPaper00003371 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the muscle contractions that control feeding compared to control. Contractions are necessary for bacterial uptake from the surrounding environment. pharyngeal contraction abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000980 pharyngeal contraction variant Any variation in the muscle contractions that control feeding compared to control. Contractions are necessary for bacterial uptake from the surrounding environment. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the meiotic divisions undergone by the primary and secondary spermatocytes to produce haploid spermatids (non-motile sperm) compared to control. WBPhenotype:0000713 spermatocyte division variant spermatocyte division abnormal spermatocyte meiosis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000981 spermatocyte meiosis variant Animals exhibit variations in the meiotic divisions undergone by the primary and secondary spermatocytes to produce haploid spermatids (non-motile sperm) compared to control. GO:0048137 WB:WBPaper00027300 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit variations in the ability of a relatively unspecialized spermatocyte to acquire the properties of a spermatid cell compared to control. spermatid maturation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000982 spermatid maturation variant Animals exhibit variations in the ability of a relatively unspecialized spermatocyte to acquire the properties of a spermatid cell compared to control. WB:WBPaper00027300 WB:WBPerson2021 Any perturbation that disrupts the fusion of male and female gametes (sperm and oocyte) during sexual reproduction. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000983 fertilization defective Any perturbation that disrupts the fusion of male and female gametes (sperm and oocyte) during sexual reproduction. GO:0009566 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter transparency of the posterior body axis compared to control. posterior pigmentation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000984 posterior pigmentation variant Animals exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter transparency of the posterior body axis compared to control. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the blast cell to carry out its normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to cues, compared to control animals. blast cell physiology variant blast cell physiology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000985 blast cell physiology phenotype Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the blast cell to carry out its normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to cues, compared to control animals. GO:0009987 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the epithelial cell to carry out its normal functions or activities, compared to control animals. epithelial cell physiology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000986 epithelial cell physiology variant Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the epithelial cell to carry out its normal functions or activities, compared to control animals. GO:0009987 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the germ cell to carry out its normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to cues, compared to control animals. germ cell physiology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000987 germ cell physiology variant Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the germ cell to carry out its normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to cues, compared to control animals. GO:0009987 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the gland cell to carry out its normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to signals, compared to control animals. gland cell physiology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000988 gland cell physiology variant Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the gland cell to carry out its normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to signals, compared to control animals. GO:0009987 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit deviations at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell, in any physical or chemical process required for a marginal cell to carry out its normal function and activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli. marginal cell physiology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000989 marginal cell physiology variant Animals exhibit deviations at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell, in any physical or chemical process required for a marginal cell to carry out its normal function and activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli. GO:0009987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the muscle cell to carry out its normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. muscle cell physiology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000990 muscle cell physiology variant Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the muscle cell to carry out its normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. GO:0009987 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 OBSOLETE: Activity of the neuron varies from that observed for control animals or neurons. In C. elegans neuron activity is often assayed by observing calcium spikes. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000991 obsolete neuron physiology variant true OBSOLETE: Activity of the neuron varies from that observed for control animals or neurons. In C. elegans neuron activity is often assayed by observing calcium spikes. WB:WBPaper00032221 WB:WBPerson712 Failure to execute the characteristic response to high concentrations of sodium chloride solution. C. elegans typically avoids high concentrations of sodium chloride solution. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000992 high sodium chloride concentration osmotic avoidance defective Failure to execute the characteristic response to high concentrations of sodium chloride solution. C. elegans typically avoids high concentrations of sodium chloride solution. WB:WBPerson2021 Animals fail to contract the anal depressor muscle. Exp C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000993 anal depressor contraction defect Animals fail to contract the anal depressor muscle. WB:WBPaper00001256 Any variations in the contraction of the enteric muscles that are involved in defecation motor program compared to control. intestinal contractions abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Emc enteric muscle contraction variant WBPhenotype:0000994 intestinal contractions variant Any variations in the contraction of the enteric muscles that are involved in defecation motor program compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 OBSOLETE. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000995 WBPhenotype:0000995 an alt_id for "sodium chloride chemotaxis defective" (WBPhenotype:0001084) (WS193 OBO and WS200 site) AND has term name "pos body wall contraction defect" (dump_phenotype_ace.pl) true Animals exhibit defects in the expulsion of gut contents. In C. elegans, this refers to the final step of the defecation cycle in which the intestinal muscle and anal depressor contractions further pressurize intestinal contents and open the anus to permit expulsion. Emc Exp C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000996 expulsion defective Animals exhibit defects in the expulsion of gut contents. In C. elegans, this refers to the final step of the defecation cycle in which the intestinal muscle and anal depressor contractions further pressurize intestinal contents and open the anus to permit expulsion. WB:WBPaper00001256 WB:WBPaper00031246 WB:WBPerson712 Animals tend to track and stay within low temperature environments. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000997 cryophilic Animals tend to track and stay within low temperature environments. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals tend to track and stay within high temperature environments. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000998 thermophilic Animals tend to track and stay within high temperature environments. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The responses of an animal towards temperature are not influenced by its cultivation temperature. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0000999 athermotactic The responses of an animal towards temperature are not influenced by its cultivation temperature. WB:WBPerson363 Any variation in the behavior characteristic during certain developmental stage(s) compared to control. developmental behavior abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001000 developmental behavior variant Any variation in the behavior characteristic during certain developmental stage(s) compared to control. WB:cab Variations in the specific actions or reactions of dauer stage animals in response to external or internal stimuli compared to that observed in control animals. dauer behavior abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001001 dauer behavior variant Variations in the specific actions or reactions of dauer stage animals in response to external or internal stimuli compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the specific actions or reactions of the head muscles in response to external or internal stimuli compared to that observed in control animals. head muscle behavior abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001002 head muscle behavior variant Variations in the specific actions or reactions of the head muscles in response to external or internal stimuli compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals die at the L4 stage of the life cycle. Let Lvl C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001003 L4 lethal Animals die at the L4 stage of the life cycle. WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the relaxation of pharyngeal muscles after contraction events compared to control. pharyngeal relaxation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001004 pharyngeal relaxation variant Any variation in the relaxation of pharyngeal muscles after contraction events compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the spontaneous or induced backward crawling locomotion of an animal compared to control. backward locomotion abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001005 backward locomotion variant Variations in the spontaneous or induced backward crawling locomotion of an animal compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The number of coordinated contraction-relaxation cycles (pumps) exhibited by the pharyngeal muscle deviates from that observed for control animals. pharyngeal pumping rate abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology feeding rate dynamics abnormal pumping rate dynamics abnormal WBPhenotype:0001006 pharyngeal pumping rate variant The number of coordinated contraction-relaxation cycles (pumps) exhibited by the pharyngeal muscle deviates from that observed for control animals. WB:WBPaper00001709 WB:WBPerson712 Unclassified abnormality in the inviable one- to four-cell embryo. Emb Oth other abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001007 other abnormality early emb Unclassified abnormality in the inviable one- to four-cell embryo. WB:cab Variations in the progression of a set of interacting or interdependent entities forming the male nervous system over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals. The nervous system is involved in the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses. male nervous system development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001008 male nervous system development variant Variations in the progression of a set of interacting or interdependent entities forming the male nervous system over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals. The nervous system is involved in the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses. GO:0007420 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter transparency/translucency of a particular developmental stage of the amimal compared to control animals. developmental pigmentation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001009 developmental pigmentation variant Animals exhibit variations in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that alter transparency/translucency of a particular developmental stage of the amimal compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals appear unusually transparent when compared to control. Clr C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001010 clear Animals appear unusually transparent when compared to control. WB:WBPaper00004402 WB:WBPaper00005654 WB:cab Population of unhatched eggs exhibit a complex combination of defects that do not match other class definitions. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001011 complex phenotype early emb Population of unhatched eggs exhibit a complex combination of defects that do not match other class definitions. WB:cab WB:cgc7141 Animals exhibit variations in their response to disease causing agents, compared to control. Pathogen response includes prevention, damage control and recovery from the infection caused by the attack. bacterial load variant organism pathogen response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001012 organism pathogen response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to disease causing agents, compared to control. Pathogen response includes prevention, damage control and recovery from the infection caused by the attack. GO:0006952 WB:WBPaper00032196 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson712 Animals are more prone to infection compared to control. Esp C_elegans_phenotype_ontology enhanced susceptibility to pathogens WBPhenotype:0001013 pathogen susceptibility increased Animals are more prone to infection compared to control. WB:WBPaper00005370 WB:WBPaper00024299 WB:cab Animals are less prone to infection compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology pathogen susceptibility decreased WBPhenotype:0001014 pathogen resistance increased Animals are less prone to infection compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the processes that regulate the change (increase) in size or mass of an integrated living unit (a cell, tissue, organ or organism) during any development stages compared to control animals. developmental growth abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001015 developmental growth variant Variations in the processes that regulate the change (increase) in size or mass of an integrated living unit (a cell, tissue, organ or organism) during any development stages compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the processes that regulate the change (increase) in size or mass of an integrated living unit (a cell, tissue, organ or organism) during the larval stages compared to control animals. larval growth abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001016 larval growth variant Variations in the processes that regulate the change (increase) in size or mass of an integrated living unit (a cell, tissue, organ or organism) during the larval stages compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the processes that regulate the change (increase) in size or mass of an integrated living unit (a cell, tissue, organ or organism) during the adult stage compared to control animals. adult growth abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001017 adult growth variant Variations in the processes that regulate the change (increase) in size or mass of an integrated living unit (a cell, tissue, organ or organism) during the adult stage compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation that disrupts the cytoplasmic division of a cell during embryonic development compared to control. Cyk C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001018 cytokinesis variant emb Any variation that disrupts the cytoplasmic division of a cell during embryonic development compared to control. GO:0000910 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals arrest during the stage between early and late larval development. In C. elegans, mid larval arrest occurs during the L2 to L3 stages of development. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001019 mid larval arrest Animals arrest during the stage between early and late larval development. In C. elegans, mid larval arrest occurs during the L2 to L3 stages of development. WB:cab Animals die during the final stages of embryogenesis. In C. elegans, this lethality refers to death during the last (3-fold) stage of embryogenesis, which normally occurs 620-800 min after the first cleavage at 20C, the stage after elongation. Emb Led C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001020 embryonic lethal late emb Animals die during the final stages of embryogenesis. In C. elegans, this lethality refers to death during the last (3-fold) stage of embryogenesis, which normally occurs 620-800 min after the first cleavage at 20C, the stage after elongation. WB:WBPerson101 Genetically male animals exhibit deviations in the sexual program specific to males. In C. elegans, this often refers to XO animals being transformed into fertile hermaphrodites. Her male sexual development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001021 male sexual development variant Genetically male animals exhibit deviations in the sexual program specific to males. In C. elegans, this often refers to XO animals being transformed into fertile hermaphrodites. WB:WBPaper00000498 WB:WBPerson2021 Genetically hermaphrodite animals exhibit deviations in the sexual program specific to hermaphrodites. In C. elegans, this refers to XX animals that develop as males or intersexuals instead of self-fertile hermaphrodites. hermaphrodite sexual development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001022 hermaphrodite sexual development variant Genetically hermaphrodite animals exhibit deviations in the sexual program specific to hermaphrodites. In C. elegans, this refers to XX animals that develop as males or intersexuals instead of self-fertile hermaphrodites. WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit variations in the outcome of morphogenic processes required for formation or proper placement of sex-specific structures that distinguish the animal as one sex or the other in the population, from that observed for control animals. sexually dimorphic morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001023 sexually dimorphic morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the outcome of morphogenic processes required for formation or proper placement of sex-specific structures that distinguish the animal as one sex or the other in the population, from that observed for control animals. GO:0009886 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the outcome of morphogenic processes required for formation or proper placement of sex-specific structures that distinguish the animal as a male in the population, from that observed for control males. male morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001024 male morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the outcome of morphogenic processes required for formation or proper placement of sex-specific structures that distinguish the animal as a male in the population, from that observed for control males. GO:0009886 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the outcome of morphogenic processes required for formation or proper placement of sex-specific structures that distinguish the animal as a hermaphrodite in the population, from that observed for control hermaphrodites. hermaphrodite morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001025 hermaphrodite morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the outcome of morphogenic processes required for formation or proper placement of sex-specific structures that distinguish the animal as a hermaphrodite in the population, from that observed for control hermaphrodites. GO:0009886 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of the membrane enclosed organelle which contains most of the cell's genetic material during the early embryonic stage compared to control animals (Wormatlas). Emb Nmo C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001026 nuclear morphology variation early emb Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of the membrane enclosed organelle which contains most of the cell's genetic material during the early embryonic stage compared to control animals (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Embryos show defects in the placement of the nucleus to a specific location within the cell. Emb Npo nuclear position abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001027 nuclear position defective early emb Embryos show defects in the placement of the nucleus to a specific location within the cell. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The morphological appearance of nuclei differs from control animals. nuclear appearance abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology nuclear morphology variant WBPhenotype:0001028 nuclear appearance variant The morphological appearance of nuclei differs from control animals. WB:cab Animals exhibit an uneven distribution of biochromes or any other substances that cause disparate transparency/translucency compared to control animals. Pch C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001029 patchy coloration Animals exhibit an uneven distribution of biochromes or any other substances that cause disparate transparency/translucency compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any deficiency in the lipid bilayer, the equivalent of the nuclear envelope, that surrounds each pronucleus within gametes and within the early zygote after pronuclear reformation (Wormatlas). Emb Pna pronuclear envelope abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001030 pronuclear envelope defective early emb Any deficiency in the lipid bilayer, the equivalent of the nuclear envelope, that surrounds each pronucleus within gametes and within the early zygote after pronuclear reformation (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the movement/fusion of pronuclei in the fertilized oocyte compared to control. For example, lack of male pronuclear migration, female pronuclear migration variable, sometimes multiple female pronuclei, no or small spindle. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001031 pronuclear migration reduced early emb Any variation in the movement/fusion of pronuclei in the fertilized oocyte compared to control. For example, lack of male pronuclear migration, female pronuclear migration variable, sometimes multiple female pronuclei, no or small spindle. WB:cab WB:cgc7141 Variations in the specific actions or reactions of a larvae in response to external or internal stimuli compared to that observed in control animals. larval behavior abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001032 larval behavior variant Variations in the specific actions or reactions of a larvae in response to external or internal stimuli compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the spatial pattern of proliferation and differentiation in the germ line compared to control. In C. elegans, this refers to an ectopic mass of proliferating germ cells that occupies the proximal adult germ line, a region normally occupied by gametes. Pro proximal germ cell proliferation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001033 proximal germ cell proliferation variant Any variation in the spatial pattern of proliferation and differentiation in the germ line compared to control. In C. elegans, this refers to an ectopic mass of proliferating germ cells that occupies the proximal adult germ line, a region normally occupied by gametes. WB:WBPaper00006484 WB:WBPerson2021 The morphology of pronuclei and nuclei are defective in the early embryo. In C. elegans, this defect is often characterized by pronuclei and nuclei that are small or missing altogether and are often accompanied by spindle defects. Emb pronuclear nuclear appearance abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001034 pronuclear nuclear appearance defective early emb The morphology of pronuclei and nuclei are defective in the early embryo. In C. elegans, this defect is often characterized by pronuclei and nuclei that are small or missing altogether and are often accompanied by spindle defects. WB:cab WB:cgc7141 The size, number and organization of the components of the nuclei in the early embryo deviate from control . In C. elegans, this is characterized by nuclei that are completely missing or are significantly smaller than normal; often accompanied by spindle and cytokinesis defects. Emb nuclear appearance number abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology nucleus abnormal emb WBPhenotype:0001035 nuclear appearance number defective early emb The size, number and organization of the components of the nuclei in the early embryo deviate from control . In C. elegans, this is characterized by nuclei that are completely missing or are significantly smaller than normal; often accompanied by spindle and cytokinesis defects. WB:cab WB:cgc7141 Any variation that compromises the reproductive ability of an F1 generation animal. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001036 sterile F1 Any variation that compromises the reproductive ability of an F1 generation animal. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation that compromises the reproductive ability of the progeny of an animal. Stp C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001037 sterile progeny Any variation that compromises the reproductive ability of the progeny of an animal. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Germ cells do not exit the mitotic cycle, resulting in a expansion of the unspecialized germ cell population compared to control. Tum tumorous germ line C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001038 tumorous germline Germ cells do not exit the mitotic cycle, resulting in a expansion of the unspecialized germ cell population compared to control. WB:WBPaper00002730 WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the processes that regulate the change (increase) in size or mass of an integrated living unit (a cell, tissue, organ or organism) during the embryonic stage compared to control animals. embryonic growth abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001039 embryonic growth variant Variations in the processes that regulate the change (increase) in size or mass of an integrated living unit (a cell, tissue, organ or organism) during the embryonic stage compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus, compared to control. chemosensory response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001040 chemosensory response variant Variations in the state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus, compared to control. GO:0042221 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:cab WB:cgc3824 Animals exhibit defects in the progression of meiosis which ultimately result in embryonic lethality. Emb Mei C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001041 meiosis defective early emb Animals exhibit defects in the progression of meiosis which ultimately result in embryonic lethality. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Neurons show impaired ability in the detection, transmission, coordination or their response to information about an animal's internal and external environments. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001042 neuron function reduced Neurons show impaired ability in the detection, transmission, coordination or their response to information about an animal's internal and external environments. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Embryos do not enter or take longer to enter first interphase compared to control. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001043 interphase entry defective early emb Embryos do not enter or take longer to enter first interphase compared to control. WB:cab WB:cgc7141 Little/no cortical ruffling or pseudocleavage furrow, or excessive cortical activity. In C. elegans, this is often characterized at the two-cell stage. Cpa Emb cortical dynamics abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001044 cortical dynamics defective early emb Little/no cortical ruffling or pseudocleavage furrow, or excessive cortical activity. In C. elegans, this is often characterized at the two-cell stage. WB:cab WB:cgc7141 Pharyngeal pumping contractions are brief and occur arhythmically in response to stimulus compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001045 sporadic pumping Pharyngeal pumping contractions are brief and occur arhythmically in response to stimulus compared to control. WB:WBPaper00001709 Any variations associated with the characteristic morphology of the pharyngeal muscle such as shape, birefringence etc compared to control. pharyngeal muscle morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001046 pharyngeal muscle morphology variant Any variations associated with the characteristic morphology of the pharyngeal muscle such as shape, birefringence etc compared to control. WB:WBPaper00001709 Animals exhibit variations in the movement towards typically attractive water-soluble chemicals compared to control. aqueous positive chemotaxis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology water soluble chemotaxis abnormal WBPhenotype:0001047 aqueous positive chemotaxis variant Animals exhibit variations in the movement towards typically attractive water-soluble chemicals compared to control. WB:cab WB:cgc3824 Animals exhibit variations in the chemosensory response to volatile organic compounds compared to control. Odr odorant chemosensory response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology volatile chemosensory response abnormal WBPhenotype:0001048 odorant chemosensory response variant Animals exhibit variations in the chemosensory response to volatile organic compounds compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of chemicals, compared to control. chemosensory behavior abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001049 chemosensory behavior variant Variations in behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of chemicals, compared to control. GO:0007635 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit variations in any of a series of events in which an organism receives a sensory chemical stimulus, converts it to a molecular signal, and recognizes and characterizes the signal, compared to control. chemosensation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001050 chemosensation variant Animals exhibit variations in any of a series of events in which an organism receives a sensory chemical stimulus, converts it to a molecular signal, and recognizes and characterizes the signal, compared to control. GO:0007606 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit variations in the characteristic movement towards typically attractive cations compared to control. cation positive chemotaxis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001051 cation positive chemotaxis variant Animals exhibit variations in the characteristic movement towards typically attractive cations compared to control. WB:WBPaper00000387 WB:cab WB:cgc387 Animals exhibit variations in the characteristic movement towards typically attractive anions compared to control. anion positive chemotaxis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001052 anion positive chemotaxis variant Animals exhibit variations in the characteristic movement towards typically attractive anions compared to control. WB:WBPaper00000387 WB:cab WB:cgc387 Animals exhibit variations in the characteristic movement towards cyclic nucleotides compared to control. cyclic nucleotide positive chemotaxis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001053 cyclic nucleotide positive chemotaxis variant Animals exhibit variations in the characteristic movement towards cyclic nucleotides compared to control. WB:cab WB:cgc387 Animals fail to exhibit the same taxis behavior as control animals in response to cGMP. In C. elegans, this is characterized by the failure to move towards cGMP. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001054 cGMP chemotaxis defective Animals fail to exhibit the same taxis behavior as control animals in response to cGMP. In C. elegans, this is characterized by the failure to move towards cGMP. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:cab WB:cgc387 Animals fail to exhibit the same taxis behavior as control animals in response to bromide. In C. elegans, this is characterized by the failure to move towards bromide. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001055 bromide chemotaxis defective Animals fail to exhibit the same taxis behavior as control animals in response to bromide. In C. elegans, this is characterized by the failure to move towards bromide. WB:cab WB:cgc387 Animals fail to exhibit the same taxis behavior as control animals in response to iodide. In C. elegans, this is characterized by the failure to move towards iodide. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001056 iodide chemotaxis defective Animals fail to exhibit the same taxis behavior as control animals in response to iodide. In C. elegans, this is characterized by the failure to move towards iodide. WB:cab WB:cgc387 Animals fail to exhibit the same taxis behavior as control animals in response to lithium. In C. elegans, this is characterized by the failure to move towards lithium. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001057 lithium chemotaxis defective Animals fail to exhibit the same taxis behavior as control animals in response to lithium. In C. elegans, this is characterized by the failure to move towards lithium. WB:cab WB:cgc387 Animals fail to exhibit the same taxis behavior as control animals in response to potassium. In C. elegans, this is characterized by the failure of the animals to move towards potassium. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001058 potassium chemotaxis defective Animals fail to exhibit the same taxis behavior as control animals in response to potassium. In C. elegans, this is characterized by the failure of the animals to move towards potassium. WB:cab WB:cgc387 Animals fail to exhibit the same taxis behavior as control animals in response to magnesium. In C. elegans, this is characterized by the failure to move towards magnesium. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001059 magnesium chemotaxis defective Animals fail to exhibit the same taxis behavior as control animals in response to magnesium. In C. elegans, this is characterized by the failure to move towards magnesium. WB:cab WB:cgc387 In C. elegans, this is characterized by the failure to move towards typically attractive volatile organic molecules sensed by the AWC compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology AWC volatile chemotaxis defective WBPhenotype:0001060 AWC odorant chemotaxis defective In C. elegans, this is characterized by the failure to move towards typically attractive volatile organic molecules sensed by the AWC compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 In C. elegans, this is characterized by the failure to move towards typically attractive volatile organic molecules sensed by the AWA compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology AWA volatile chemotaxis defective WBPhenotype:0001061 AWA odorant chemotaxis defective In C. elegans, this is characterized by the failure to move towards typically attractive volatile organic molecules sensed by the AWA compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 In C. elegans, movement and elongation stop nearly simultaneously soon after the twofold stage of elongation. However, mutant embryos twitch at the one-and-a-half-fold stage of elongation, like control animals, and move as well as control animals at the two- fold stage. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001062 late paralysis arrested elongation two fold In C. elegans, movement and elongation stop nearly simultaneously soon after the twofold stage of elongation. However, mutant embryos twitch at the one-and-a-half-fold stage of elongation, like control animals, and move as well as control animals at the two- fold stage. WB:cab WB:cgc1894 Fluctuation pattern between inactive, active, and egg-laying states is atypical, based on the analysis of the distribution of the log intervals of egg-laying events compared to control. egg laying phases abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001063 egg laying phases variant Fluctuation pattern between inactive, active, and egg-laying states is atypical, based on the analysis of the distribution of the log intervals of egg-laying events compared to control. WB:cab pmid:10757762 pmid:9697864 Animals display uncharacteristically long periods during which they do not lay eggs compared to control, usually based on the analysis of the distribution of the log intervals of egg-laying events. In C. elegans, long inactive phases can be observed in HSN-ablated and serotonin-deficient animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001064 inactive phase long Animals display uncharacteristically long periods during which they do not lay eggs compared to control, usually based on the analysis of the distribution of the log intervals of egg-laying events. In C. elegans, long inactive phases can be observed in HSN-ablated and serotonin-deficient animals. WB:cab pmid:10757762 pmid:9697864 Fewer egg-laying events occur within the active phase of egg laying, based on the analysis of the distribution of the log intervals of egg-laying events, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001065 fewer egg laying events during active Fewer egg-laying events occur within the active phase of egg laying, based on the analysis of the distribution of the log intervals of egg-laying events, compared to control. WB:cab pmid:9697864 The period during which the animal is less likely to lay eggs is not typical compared with control animals, based on the analysis of the distribution of the log intervals of egg-laying events. inactive phase abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001066 inactive phase variant The period during which the animal is less likely to lay eggs is not typical compared with control animals, based on the analysis of the distribution of the log intervals of egg-laying events. WB:cab pmid:10757762 pmid:9697864 The active phase of egg-laying, the period during which animals are more likely to display multiple egg-laying events, is atypical compared with control animals, based on the analysis of the distribution of the log intervals of egg-laying events. active phase abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001067 active phase variant The active phase of egg-laying, the period during which animals are more likely to display multiple egg-laying events, is atypical compared with control animals, based on the analysis of the distribution of the log intervals of egg-laying events. WB:cab pmid:9697864 Animals are not induced to lay eggs in reponse to exogenous serotonin. Serotonin stimulates egg-laying in C. elegans. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001068 egg laying serotonin resistant Animals are not induced to lay eggs in reponse to exogenous serotonin. Serotonin stimulates egg-laying in C. elegans. WB:WBPaper00000635 WB:WBPaper00031293 WB:WBPerson712 More eggs are laid during the active phase compared with control animals, based on the analysis of the distribution of the log intervals of egg-laying events. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001069 increased egg laying events during active More eggs are laid during the active phase compared with control animals, based on the analysis of the distribution of the log intervals of egg-laying events. WB:cab pmid:9697864 The period during which a worm usually does not lay eggs is short compared with control animals, based on the analysis of the distribution of the log intervals of egg-laying events. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001070 inactive phase short The period during which a worm usually does not lay eggs is short compared with control animals, based on the analysis of the distribution of the log intervals of egg-laying events. WB:cab pmid:9697864 Activation of the active phase of egg laying is defective, leading to an abnormally long inactive phase, based on the analysis of the distribution of the log intervals of egg-laying events. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001071 active phase switch defective Activation of the active phase of egg laying is defective, leading to an abnormally long inactive phase, based on the analysis of the distribution of the log intervals of egg-laying events. WB:cab pmid:10757762 pmid:9697864 Any variation in the state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) in response to a food stimulus, compared to control. response to food abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001072 response to food variant Any variation in the state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) in response to a food stimulus, compared to control. GO:0032094 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit variations in egg-laying behavior in response to food compared to control. In C. elegans, well-fed animals lay more eggs compared with starved animals. egg laying response to food abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001073 egg laying response to food variant Animals exhibit variations in egg-laying behavior in response to food compared to control. In C. elegans, well-fed animals lay more eggs compared with starved animals. WB:cab pmid:10757762 The vulval muscle does not respond to serotonin in the same manner as control animals. This phenotype is often assayed by imaging of calcium transients in response to serotonin. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001074 vulval muscle unresponsive to serotonin The vulval muscle does not respond to serotonin in the same manner as control animals. This phenotype is often assayed by imaging of calcium transients in response to serotonin. WB:cab pmid:14588249 Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for cells as a collective unit of the vulva muscle system to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. vulval muscle physiology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001075 vulval muscle physiology variant Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for cells as a collective unit of the vulva muscle system to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson712 Variations in the chemical reactions and pathways involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium within the vulval muscles compared to control. vulval muscle homeostasis metabolism abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001076 vulval muscle homeostasis metabolism variant Variations in the chemical reactions and pathways involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium within the vulval muscles compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Karyomeres in AB or P1 often accompanied by weak/thin wobbly spindle. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001077 chromosome segregation variant karyomeres early emb Karyomeres in AB or P1 often accompanied by weak/thin wobbly spindle. WB:cab WB:cgc7141 Cytokinesis is abnormal in the first or second stages of cell division. Cyk Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001078 cytokinesis defective early emb Cytokinesis is abnormal in the first or second stages of cell division. WB:cab WB:cgc7141 Cytoplasmic movements are atypical. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001079 cytoplasmic dynamics defective early emb Cytoplasmic movements are atypical. WB:WBPerson1815 WB:cab Excessive shaking and movements are seen in the cell membrane or cytoplasm of one-cell or two-cell embryos. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001080 excessive blebbing early emb Excessive shaking and movements are seen in the cell membrane or cytoplasm of one-cell or two-cell embryos. WB:cab cgc:5599 Morphology of the cytoplasm differs from control animals. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001081 cytoplasmic morphology defective early emb Morphology of the cytoplasm differs from control animals. WB:WBPerson1815 WB:cab Abnormally large granules are observed in the cytoplasm of P0. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001082 large cytoplasmic granules early emb Abnormally large granules are observed in the cytoplasm of P0. WB:cab WB:cgc5599 Multiple vesicles, vacuoles, or cavities are seen during early embryogenesis. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001083 multiple cytoplasmic cavities early emb Multiple vesicles, vacuoles, or cavities are seen during early embryogenesis. WB:cab cgc:5599 Failure to execute characteristic response to sodium chloride compared to control. In C. elegans, animals move towards attractive concentrations of sodium chloride. NaCl chemotaxis defective C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001084 sodium chloride chemotaxis defective Failure to execute characteristic response to sodium chloride compared to control. In C. elegans, animals move towards attractive concentrations of sodium chloride. WB:WBPaper00000119 Failure to execute characteristic response to butanone compared to control. In C. elegans, animals move towards typically attractive concentrations of butanone. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001085 butanone chemotaxis defective Failure to execute characteristic response to butanone compared to control. In C. elegans, animals move towards typically attractive concentrations of butanone. WB:WBPaper00001786 Failure to execute characteristic response to trimethylthiazole compared to control. In C. elegans, animals move towards typically attractive concentrations of trimethylthiazole. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001086 trimethylthiazole chemotaxis defective Failure to execute characteristic response to trimethylthiazole compared to control. In C. elegans, animals move towards typically attractive concentrations of trimethylthiazole. WB:WBPaper00001786 Failure to execute characteristic response to acetone compared to control. In C. elegans, animals move towards typically attractive concentrations of acetone. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001087 acetone chemotaxis defective Failure to execute characteristic response to acetone compared to control. In C. elegans, animals move towards typically attractive concentrations of acetone. WB:WBPaper00024240 Failure to execute characteristic response to pentanol compared to control. In C. elegans, animals move towards typically attractive concentrations of pentanol. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001088 pentanol chemotaxis defective Failure to execute characteristic response to pentanol compared to control. In C. elegans, animals move towards typically attractive concentrations of pentanol. WB:WBPerson2021 Failure to execute characteristic response to hexanol compared to control. In C. elegans, animals move towards typically attractive concentrations of hexanol. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001089 hexanol chemotaxis defective Failure to execute characteristic response to hexanol compared to control. In C. elegans, animals move towards typically attractive concentrations of hexanol. WB:WBPerson2021 Animals are not able to survive at temperatures above standard cultivation temperatures to the same extent as control animals. intrinsic thermotolerance reduced C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001090 thermotolerance reduced Animals are not able to survive at temperatures above standard cultivation temperatures to the same extent as control animals. WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the elimination of fecal matter during the larval stage compared to control animals. larval defecation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001091 larval defecation variant Animals exhibit variations in the elimination of fecal matter during the larval stage compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 Animals fail to expel fecal matter during the larval stage. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001092 larval defecation defect Animals fail to expel fecal matter during the larval stage. WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the intestine to carry out its normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. intestinal physiology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001093 intestinal physiology variant Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the intestine to carry out its normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson712 OBSOLETE. Organismal response to NaCl differs from control animals. NaCl response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001094 obsolete NaCl response variant true OBSOLETE. Organismal response to NaCl differs from control animals. WB:cab Animals respond to sodium chloride at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. In C. elegans, this is often assayed through generation time and progeny number. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001095 organism high sodium chloride hypersensitive Animals respond to sodium chloride at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. In C. elegans, this is often assayed through generation time and progeny number. WB:cab pmid:16027367 Large protrusion at the normal position of the vulva, as seen in C. elegans lin-12 null animals. ventral protrusion C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001096 protrusion at vulval region Large protrusion at the normal position of the vulva, as seen in C. elegans lin-12 null animals. WB:cab cgc:646 Unspecialized male germ cells (spermatocytes) prematurely acquire the specialized properties of functional sperm. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001097 premature spermatocyte germ cell differentiation Unspecialized male germ cells (spermatocytes) prematurely acquire the specialized properties of functional sperm. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:cab cgc:4207 Animals lack the passage connecting the posterior intestine to the rectal valve. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001098 WBbt:0005773. no rectum Animals lack the passage connecting the posterior intestine to the rectal valve. WB:WBPaper00001423 WB:WBPerson2021 The extreme anterior part of the body appears distorted, usually due to uncharacteristic winding. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001099 nose twisted The extreme anterior part of the body appears distorted, usually due to uncharacteristic winding. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animal dies prior to the gastrulation stage of embryogenesis. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001100 early embryonic lethal Animal dies prior to the gastrulation stage of embryogenesis. WB:WBPerson2021 Characteristic response to drugs with respect to egg-laying behavior varies compared to control. egg laying response to drug abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001101 egg laying response to drug variant Characteristic response to drugs with respect to egg-laying behavior varies compared to control. WB:cab Early embryos exhibit defects in the assembly, disassembly, arrangement, elongation or stabilization of the microtubule spindle during a mitotic cell cycle. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001102 Possible XP. mitotic spindle defective early emb Early embryos exhibit defects in the assembly, disassembly, arrangement, elongation or stabilization of the microtubule spindle during a mitotic cell cycle. GO:0007052 WB:WBPerson2021 Early embryos lack the array of microtubules and associated molecules that form between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during mitosis or meiosis. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001103 spindle absent early emb Early embryos lack the array of microtubules and associated molecules that form between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during mitosis or meiosis. GO:0005819 WB:WBPerson2021 No mitotic spindle is seen in P0. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001104 P0 spindle absent early emb No mitotic spindle is seen in P0. WB:cab WB:cgc5599 Altered P0 spindle placement causes either a symmetric first division, a division in which P1 is larger than AB, or a division in which the asymmetry is exaggerated such that AB is much larger than normal. Emb P0 spindle position abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001105 P0 spindle position defective early emb Altered P0 spindle placement causes either a symmetric first division, a division in which P1 is larger than AB, or a division in which the asymmetry is exaggerated such that AB is much larger than normal. WB:cab WB:cgc5599 The orientation of the spindle is aberrant in either the AB or the P1 cell. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001106 spindle orientation variant AB or P1 early emb The orientation of the spindle is aberrant in either the AB or the P1 cell. WB:cab WB:cgc5599 Rotation of the embryonic spindle is aberrant. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001107 spindle rotation defective early emb Rotation of the embryonic spindle is aberrant. WB:WBPerson1815 WB:cab P0 spindle fails to rotate and extends perpendicular to the long axis of the embryo. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001108 P0 spindle rotation failure early emb P0 spindle fails to rotate and extends perpendicular to the long axis of the embryo. WB:cab WB:cgc5599 P0 spindle rotates late in the inviable one- to four-cell embryo. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001109 P0 spindle rotation delayed early emb P0 spindle rotates late in the inviable one- to four-cell embryo. WB:cab WB:cgc5599 Early embryos exhibit defects in the array of microtubules emanating from a spindle pole that do not connect to kinetochores. Emb aster abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001110 aster defective early emb Early embryos exhibit defects in the array of microtubules emanating from a spindle pole that do not connect to kinetochores. GO:0005818 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Early embryos exhibit defects in the array of microtubules emanating from a spindle pole that do not connect to kinetochores in the AB cell. Emb aster AB abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001111 aster AB defective early emb Early embryos exhibit defects in the array of microtubules emanating from a spindle pole that do not connect to kinetochores in the AB cell. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The morphology of the AB aster resembles that of the P1 aster in the inviable one- to four-cell embryo. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001112 aster AB resembles P1 aster early emb The morphology of the AB aster resembles that of the P1 aster in the inviable one- to four-cell embryo. WB:cab WB:cgc5599 Early embryos exhibit defects in the array of microtubules emanating from a spindle pole that do not connect to kinetochores in the P1 cell. Emb P1 aster abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001113 P1 aster defective early emb Early embryos exhibit defects in the array of microtubules emanating from a spindle pole that do not connect to kinetochores in the P1 cell. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 WB:cab WB:cgc5599 The progression of biochemical and morphological processes that occur during successive replication or nuclear replication events is disrupted during the early embryonic stage. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001114 cell cycle defective early emb The progression of biochemical and morphological processes that occur during successive replication or nuclear replication events is disrupted during the early embryonic stage. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Cell cycle timing is abnormal during the first four cell divisions. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001115 cell cycle timing defective early emb Cell cycle timing is abnormal during the first four cell divisions. WB:WBPerson1815 WB:cab Absolute cell cycle timing during the first four cell divisions is aberrant. Emb absolute cell cycle timing abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001116 absolute cell cycle timing defective early emb Absolute cell cycle timing during the first four cell divisions is aberrant. WB:WBPerson557 Cell-cell contacts are abnormal in the early embryo. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001117 cell cell contacts abnormal early emb Cell-cell contacts are abnormal in the early embryo. WB:WBPerson1815 WB:cab Cell position is abnormal in the early embryo. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001118 cell position defective early emb Cell position is abnormal in the early embryo. WB:WBPerson1815 WB:cab Embryos take longer to divide during the first and second cell divisions. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001119 cell cycle slow early emb Embryos take longer to divide during the first and second cell divisions. WB:cab WB:cgc5599 Relative cell cycle timing during the first four cell divisions is aberrant. Emb relative cell cycle timing abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001120 relative cell cycle timing defective early emb Relative cell cycle timing during the first four cell divisions is aberrant. WB:WBPerson1815 WB:cab Asynchrony of the second division is exaggerated and P1 divides more slowly than normal. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001121 exaggerated asynchrony early emb Asynchrony of the second division is exaggerated and P1 divides more slowly than normal. WB:cab WB:cgc5599 P1 divides before AB. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001122 reversed asynchrony early emb P1 divides before AB. WB:cab WB:cgc5599 AB and P1 divide synchronously. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001123 synchronous second division early emb AB and P1 divide synchronously. WB:cab WB:cgc5599 EMS divides at the same time that ABa and ABp divide. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001124 ABa ABp EMS synchronous division early emb EMS divides at the same time that ABa and ABp divide. WB:cab WB:cgc5599 P2 and EMS divide synchronously. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001125 P2 EMS synchronous division early emb P2 and EMS divide synchronously. WB:cab WB:cgc5599 Aba, ABp, EMS, or P1 contacts fewer of its sister cells than in control embryos. Emb cell cell contacts abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001126 cell cell contacts abnormal in four cell embryo Aba, ABp, EMS, or P1 contacts fewer of its sister cells than in control embryos. WB:cab WB:cgc5599 The EMS blastomere fails to extend anteriorly and make extensive contact (hug) with the ABa blastomere. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001127 EMS anterior extension fails early emb The EMS blastomere fails to extend anteriorly and make extensive contact (hug) with the ABa blastomere. WB:cab WB:cgc5599 EMS extends too far anteriorly at the four cell stage. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001128 EMS anterior extension extreme early emb EMS extends too far anteriorly at the four cell stage. WB:cab WB:cgc5599 Embryos exhibit defects in the formation, maintenance or termination of the groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate during cytokinesis. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001129 cleavage furrow defective early emb Embryos exhibit defects in the formation, maintenance or termination of the groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate during cytokinesis. GO:0032154 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Cells of the embryo attempt to divide but fail to form two daughter cells. Cyk Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001130 cytokinesis fails early emb Cells of the embryo attempt to divide but fail to form two daughter cells. WB:cab WB:cgc5599 Once formed, the mitotic furrow can "slide"laterally. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001131 loose mitotic furrow early emb Once formed, the mitotic furrow can "slide"laterally. WB:cab WB:cgc5599 One or more extra cleavage furrows are seen in one or more cells of a one-cell to four-cell embryo Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001132 extra cleavage furrow early emb One or more extra cleavage furrows are seen in one or more cells of a one-cell to four-cell embryo WB:cab WB:cgc5599 The cell division axis is not normal. division axis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001133 division axis defective The cell division axis is not normal. WB:WBPerson1815 WB:cab ABa or ABp divide in the wrong orientation. Emb Aba ABp division axis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001134 Aba ABp division axis defective early emb ABa or ABp divide in the wrong orientation. WB:cab WB:cgc5599 Animals exhibit defects in the form, structure or composition of any of its parts during the early embryonic stage. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001135 embryonic morphology defective early emb Animals exhibit defects in the form, structure or composition of any of its parts during the early embryonic stage. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of any of its parts during any developmental stage ranging from zygote formation to hatching compared to control. embryonic morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001136 embryonic morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of any of its parts during any developmental stage ranging from zygote formation to hatching compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Embryos are produced that are less than fifty percent of the size of control embryos. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001137 embryos small early emb Embryos are produced that are less than fifty percent of the size of control embryos. WB:WBPaper00005599 WB:cab Nucleus is abnormal in the inviable one- to four-cell embryo. Emb nucleus abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001138 nucleus defective early emb Nucleus is abnormal in the inviable one- to four-cell embryo. WB:WBPerson1815 WB:cab Nuclear envelope does not reassemble properly. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology nuclear reassembly defective early emb WBPhenotype:0001139 nuclear envelope assembly variant early emb Nuclear envelope does not reassemble properly. WB:cab WB:cgc5599 Any variation in the normal orderly movement of neurons from one site to another compared to control. neuron migration abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001140 neuron migration variant Any variation in the normal orderly movement of neurons from one site to another compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 After division of either one-cell or two-cell embryos, the nuclei reappear next to the cell division remnant. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001141 nucleus reforms cell division remnant early emb After division of either one-cell or two-cell embryos, the nuclei reappear next to the cell division remnant. WB:cab WB:cgc5599 Nuclear number is abnormal in the inviable one- to four-cell embryo. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001142 nuclear number defective early emb Nuclear number is abnormal in the inviable one- to four-cell embryo. WB:WBPerson1815 WB:cab Embryos contain more than one nucleus per cell in the inviable one- to four-cell embryo. Emb Mul C_elegans_phenotype_ontology karyomeres multiple nuclei in early embryo emb WBPhenotype:0001143 multiple nuclei early emb Embryos contain more than one nucleus per cell in the inviable one- to four-cell embryo. WB:cab WB:cgc5599 Defects are either seen in the number or size of the polar bodies in the inviable one- to four-cell embryo. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001144 polar body number size early emb Defects are either seen in the number or size of the polar bodies in the inviable one- to four-cell embryo. WB:cab WB:cgc5599 Polar body number is abnormal in the inviable one- to four-cell embryo. Emb polar body number abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001145 polar body number defective early emb Polar body number is abnormal in the inviable one- to four-cell embryo. WB:WBPerson1815 WB:cab Polar body size is abnormal in the inviable one- to four-cell embryo. Emb polar body size abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001146 polar body size defective early emb Polar body size is abnormal in the inviable one- to four-cell embryo. WB:WBPerson1815 WB:cab Polar bodies are abnormal in the inviable one- to four-cell embryo. Emb polar body abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001147 polar body defective early emb Polar bodies are abnormal in the inviable one- to four-cell embryo. WB:WBPerson1815 WB:cab Polar body is reabsorbed in the one- to four-cell embryo. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001148 polar body reabsorbed early emb Polar body is reabsorbed in the one- to four-cell embryo. WB:WBPerson1815 WB:cab OBSOLETE. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001149 obsolete polar body reabsorbed first early emb true OBSOLETE. WB:WBPerson557 A polar body is reabsorbed in either the one cell- or the two-cell embryo. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001150 polar body reabsorbed one two early emb A polar body is reabsorbed in either the one cell- or the two-cell embryo. WB:cab WB:cgc5599 Pronucleus is abnormal in the inviable embryo. Emb pronucleus centrosomes abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001151 pronucleus centrosomes defective early emb Pronucleus is abnormal in the inviable embryo. WB:WBPerson1815 WB:cab Pronucleus migration is abnormal in the inviable embryo. Emb pronuclear migration abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001152 pronuclear migration defective early emb Pronucleus migration is abnormal in the inviable embryo. WB:WBPerson1815 WB:cab Neither of the pronuclei migrate and they never meet. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001153 pronuclear migration failure early emb Neither of the pronuclei migrate and they never meet. WB:cab WB:cgc5599 Instead of the maternal pronucleus migrating to the posterior end of the one-cell embryo, the paternal pronucleus migrates to meet the maternal pronucleus in the anterior end. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001154 paternal pronucleus migrates early emb Instead of the maternal pronucleus migrating to the posterior end of the one-cell embryo, the paternal pronucleus migrates to meet the maternal pronucleus in the anterior end. WB:cab WB:cgc5599 The maternal and paternal pronuclei meet more centrally instead of meeting in the posterior end of the embryo. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001155 pronuclei meet centrally early emb The maternal and paternal pronuclei meet more centrally instead of meeting in the posterior end of the embryo. WB:cab WB:cgc5599 Maternal or paternal pronucleus is either too small or too large. Emb pronuclear size abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001156 pronuclear size defective early emb Maternal or paternal pronucleus is either too small or too large. WB:cab WB:cgc5599 Pronuclear breakdown is atypical in the inviable embryo. Emb pronuclear breakdown abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001157 pronuclear breakdown defective early emb Pronuclear breakdown is atypical in the inviable embryo. WB:WBPerson1815 WB:cab Instead of breaking down synchronously, the two pronuclei break down asynchronously in the inviable one-cell embryo. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001158 pronuclear breakdown asynchronous early emb Instead of breaking down synchronously, the two pronuclei break down asynchronously in the inviable one-cell embryo. WB:cab WB:cgc5599 Pronucleus morphology is atypical in the inviable embryo. Emb pronuclear morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001159 pronuclear morphology defective early emb Pronucleus morphology is atypical in the inviable embryo. WB:cab WB:cgc5599 Morphology of the pronuclear envelope is atypical in the inviable embryo. Emb pronuclear envelope morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001160 pronuclear envelope morphology defective early emb Morphology of the pronuclear envelope is atypical in the inviable embryo. WB:WBPerson1815 WB:cab Maternal pronucleus has a blurry appearance. The nuclear envelope does not have a crisp circular shape. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001161 maternal pronucleus indistinct early emb Maternal pronucleus has a blurry appearance. The nuclear envelope does not have a crisp circular shape. WB:cab WB:cgc5599 There are more than two pronuclei in the inviable embryo. Emb pronuclear number abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001162 pronuclear number defective early emb There are more than two pronuclei in the inviable embryo. WB:WBPerson1815 WB:cab Either the maternal or paternal pronucleus is absent. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001163 pronucleus formation failure early emb Either the maternal or paternal pronucleus is absent. WB:cab WB:cgc5599 There is either more than one maternal or paternal pronucleus in the inviable embryo. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001164 excess pronucleus early emb There is either more than one maternal or paternal pronucleus in the inviable embryo. WB:WBPerson1815 WB:cab One-cell embryos have two or more maternal pronuclei. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001165 excess maternal pronucleus early emb One-cell embryos have two or more maternal pronuclei. WB:cab WB:cgc5599 More than one paternal pronucleus is present in the inviable one-cell embryo or there is a defect in centrosome structure. Emb excess paternal pronucleus abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001166 excess paternal pronucleus variant centrosome early emb More than one paternal pronucleus is present in the inviable one-cell embryo or there is a defect in centrosome structure. WB:cab WB:cgc5599 Pseudocleavage is atypical in the inviable one-cell embryo. Emb pseudocleavage abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001167 pseudocleavage defective early emb Pseudocleavage is atypical in the inviable one-cell embryo. WB:WBPerson1815 WB:cab No pseudocleavage is observed before or during pronuclear migration. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology no pseudocleavage WBPhenotype:0001168 pseudocleavage absent early emb No pseudocleavage is observed before or during pronuclear migration. WB:cab WB:cgc5599 Embryos have more pronounced pseudocleavage than normal. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001169 pseudocleavage exaggerated early emb Embryos have more pronounced pseudocleavage than normal. WB:cab WB:cgc5599 Injected worm stops producing embryos 48 hours after RNAi injection and contains no live/developing embryos at this time. Ste P0 sterile C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001170 sterile F0 48 hours post injection Injected worm stops producing embryos 48 hours after RNAi injection and contains no live/developing embryos at this time. WB:cab WB:cgc5599 The duration of viability in the adult phase of the life-cycle is less than that of control animals. Age C_elegans_phenotype_ontology life span reduced longevity decreased WBPhenotype:0001171 shortened life span The duration of viability in the adult phase of the life-cycle is less than that of control animals. GO:0008340 WB:WBPerson712 Developmentally regulated termination of a cell or cell group does not occur as in control animals. programmed cell death abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001172 programmed cell death variant Developmentally regulated termination of a cell or cell group does not occur as in control animals. WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell that occur through necrosis or programmed cell death pathways different from apoptosis, so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death, compared to control. non apoptotic cell death abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001173 non apoptotic cell death variant Animals exhibit variations in the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell that occur through necrosis or programmed cell death pathways different from apoptosis, so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death, compared to control. GO:0008219 WB:WBPerson712 Chromosomes fail to segregate away from their homolog, resulting in gametes with no or extra copies of the chromosome. chromosome disjunction abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001174 chromosome disjunction defective Chromosomes fail to segregate away from their homolog, resulting in gametes with no or extra copies of the chromosome. WB:WBPerson712 Higher numbers of male progeny occur in the population compared to control populations. In C. elegans, the high incidence of males phenotype in a self-fertilizing hermaphrodite population is a result of an increase in X chromosome nondisjunction. Him C_elegans_phenotype_ontology high frequency X chromosome nondisjunction WBPhenotype:0001175 high incidence male progeny Higher numbers of male progeny occur in the population compared to control populations. In C. elegans, the high incidence of males phenotype in a self-fertilizing hermaphrodite population is a result of an increase in X chromosome nondisjunction. WB:WBPaper00004402 WB:WBPaper00005654 WB:WBPerson712 WB:cab One-cell embryos have an altered shape. Emb one cell shape abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001176 one cell shape defective early emb One-cell embryos have an altered shape. WB:cab WB:cgc5599 Embryos rupture when placed on a 2% agar pad and covered with a coverslip. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001177 embryo osmotic pressure sensitive early emb Embryos rupture when placed on a 2% agar pad and covered with a coverslip. WB:cab WB:cgc5599 The structure of the egg is impaired, flawed or no longer intact. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001178 egg integrity defective early emb The structure of the egg is impaired, flawed or no longer intact. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 OBSOLETE. Phenotypic examination of worms did not reveal an obvious abnormality compared with control animals. No abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WT WBPhenotype:0001179 The phenotype ontology was restructured such that "Abnormal" is now the root term. The term "Abnormal" with a "Not" qualifier is a suggested replacement for this term. This phenotype was intended to reflect a lack of any phenotypic abnormality in the individuals in question. The C. elegans phenotype ontology no longer has terms specifically used to assert negation of a phenotype. obsolete No variantity scored true OBSOLETE. Phenotypic examination of worms did not reveal an obvious abnormality compared with control animals. WB:cab Animals exhibit an increase in the quantity of germ line cells that have undergone programmed cell death but have not been engulfed. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001180 accumulated germline cell corpses Animals exhibit an increase in the quantity of germ line cells that have undergone programmed cell death but have not been engulfed. WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit an increase in the quantity of non-germ line cells that have undergone programmed cell death but have not been engulfed. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001181 accumulated somatic cell corpses Animals exhibit an increase in the quantity of non-germ line cells that have undergone programmed cell death but have not been engulfed. WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the amount of fat or lipids present in the organism compared to control animals. fat content abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology lipid content abnormal lipid content variant WBPhenotype:0001182 fat content variant Animals exhibit variations in the amount of fat or lipids present in the organism compared to control animals. GO:0019915 WB:WBPaper00032082 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit less fat or lipid than observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology lipid content reduced WBPhenotype:0001183 fat content reduced Animals exhibit less fat or lipid than observed in control animals. GO:0019915 WB:WBPaper00032082 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit a greater amount of fat or lipids than observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology lipid content increased WBPhenotype:0001184 fat content increased Animals exhibit a greater amount of fat or lipids than observed in control animals. GO:0019915 WB:WBPaper00032082 WB:WBPerson712 The developmental progression of an early embryo over time, from its formation to its mature structure is delayed compared to control. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001185 embryonic developmental delay early emb The developmental progression of an early embryo over time, from its formation to its mature structure is delayed compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Embryos are either delayed or arrested at pronuclear contact. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001186 embryo delayed at pronuclear contact early emb Embryos are either delayed or arrested at pronuclear contact. WB:cab WB:cgc5599 EMS divides before P2. Emb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001187 division EMS before P2 early emb EMS divides before P2. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of radial arrangement of actin within the pharyngeal muscle compared to control animals. radial filament structure abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001188 radial filament structure variant pharynx Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of radial arrangement of actin within the pharyngeal muscle compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00026850 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the cell junctions of the pharyngeal muscle at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments compared to control. adherens junctions abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001189 adherens junctions variant pharyngeal muscle Any variation in the cell junctions of the pharyngeal muscle at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments compared to control. WB:WBPaper00026850 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the pharynx to carry out its normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. pharyngeal physiology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001190 pharyngeal physiology variant Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the pharynx to carry out its normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for muscles in the pharynx to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. pharyngeal muscle physiology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001191 pharyngeal muscle physiology variant Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for muscles in the pharynx to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the series of molecular signals in which a pharyngeal cell uses calcium ions to convert an extracellular signal into a response, compared to control. calcium signaling pharynx abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001192 calcium signaling in pharynx variant Any variation in the series of molecular signals in which a pharyngeal cell uses calcium ions to convert an extracellular signal into a response, compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Electropharyngeograms do not show a similar pattern as control animals. C. elegans animals show a repeating regular pattern in which each pump is associated with an excitatory depolarizing wave, often punctuated by brief negative spikes, followed by a plateau phase, and ending with an inhibitory hyperpolarizing wave. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001193 disorganized pharyngeal EPG Electropharyngeograms do not show a similar pattern as control animals. C. elegans animals show a repeating regular pattern in which each pump is associated with an excitatory depolarizing wave, often punctuated by brief negative spikes, followed by a plateau phase, and ending with an inhibitory hyperpolarizing wave. WB:cab WB:cgc7545 Animals have one or more extra neurons, which are present in places they are normally not found, when compared to the number and location of these neurons in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001194 extra and ectopic neuron Animals have one or more extra neurons, which are present in places they are normally not found, when compared to the number and location of these neurons in control animals. WB:WBPaper00027335 WB:WBPerson712 Rhythmic calcium increases in the pharynx are observed less often than in control animals. In C. elegans, rhythmic increases in intracellular calcium are often observed using a transgenically expressed cameleon, a ratiometric calcium indicator. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001195 generation calcium signal defective pharynx Rhythmic calcium increases in the pharynx are observed less often than in control animals. In C. elegans, rhythmic increases in intracellular calcium are often observed using a transgenically expressed cameleon, a ratiometric calcium indicator. WB:cab WB:cgc4194 WB:cgc7545 Calcium spikes lack synchrony in the musculature of the corpus and the terminal bulb as seen in control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001196 synchronization calcium signal defective pharynx Calcium spikes lack synchrony in the musculature of the corpus and the terminal bulb as seen in control. WB:cab WB:cgc7545 Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for cells as a collective unit of the somatic gonad to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. somatic gonad physiology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001197 somatic gonad physiology variant Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for cells as a collective unit of the somatic gonad to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for cells as a collective unit of the somatic sheath system to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. somatic sheath physiology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001198 somatic sheath physiology variant Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for cells as a collective unit of the somatic sheath system to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the contraction of a thin continuous tube surrounding the proximal portions of the ovary and covering the maturing oocytes to the near portion of the distal gonad arm, compared to control (Wormatlas). gonad sheath contractions abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001199 gonad sheath contractions variant Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the contraction of a thin continuous tube surrounding the proximal portions of the ovary and covering the maturing oocytes to the near portion of the distal gonad arm, compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Basal contraction rate and or peak contraction rate of the gonadal sheath is reduced relative to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001200 gonad sheath contraction rate reduced Basal contraction rate and or peak contraction rate of the gonadal sheath is reduced relative to control animals. WB:cab WB:cgc7545 Animals lack the stereotyped muscle contractions that result in the opening of anus. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001201 no expulsion defecation Animals lack the stereotyped muscle contractions that result in the opening of anus. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals respond to nicotine at lower concentrations or shorter exposure compared to control. Nicotine is a cholinergic agonist. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001202 nicotine hypersensitive Animals respond to nicotine at lower concentrations or shorter exposure compared to control. Nicotine is a cholinergic agonist. WB:WBPerson557 WB:cab WB:cgc7388 Animals fail to respond to the concentration of nicotine that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001203 nicotine resistant Animals fail to respond to the concentration of nicotine that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 WB:cab WB:cgc7388 Animals fail to respond to the concentration of muscimol that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001204 muscimol resistant Animals fail to respond to the concentration of muscimol that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals respond to muscimol at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001205 muscimol hypersensitive Animals respond to muscimol at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the process by which an organism travels from one location to another compared to control. movement abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001206 movement variant Variations in the process by which an organism travels from one location to another compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in a series of protein mediated signals that help relay information within the cell, and thereby affecting changes in the functioning of the cell, compared to control. protein signaling abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001207 protein signaling variant Any variation in a series of protein mediated signals that help relay information within the cell, and thereby affecting changes in the functioning of the cell, compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals show reduced susceptibility to gene silencing triggered by double stranded RNA (RNAi), compared to control. Rde RNAi deficient C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001208 RNAi resistant Animals show reduced susceptibility to gene silencing triggered by double stranded RNA (RNAi), compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Apparently normal sinusoidal movement, but appear to have poor traction on the agar surface of a culture plate. Skd C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001209 skiddy Apparently normal sinusoidal movement, but appear to have poor traction on the agar surface of a culture plate. WB:WBPaper00026735 WB:cab Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process taking place in extracellular spaces within or associated with the organism, from that observed for control animals. pericellular component physiology abnormal pericellular component physiology variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001210 pericellular component physiology phenotype Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process taking place in extracellular spaces within or associated with the organism, from that observed for control animals. WB:WBPerson712 The physical strength or function of the cuticle is varies from that observed for control animals. cuticle integrity abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001211 cuticle integrity variant The physical strength or function of the cuticle is varies from that observed for control animals. WB:WBPerson712 The strength of the cuticle is less robust than that observed for control animals. In C. elegans the strength of the cuticle is often assayed by it's ability to protect the animal from exposure to bleach or other compounds. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001212 cuticle fragile The strength of the cuticle is less robust than that observed for control animals. In C. elegans the strength of the cuticle is often assayed by it's ability to protect the animal from exposure to bleach or other compounds. WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit a decrease in any parameter used to measure locomotion compared to control animals. WBPhenotype:0001288 movement reduced C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001213 locomotion reduced Animals exhibit a decrease in any parameter used to measure locomotion compared to control animals. WB:cab OBSOLETE. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001214 obsolete metaphase to anaphase transition fails true OBSOLETE. WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the mitotic expansion of germ cell populations or in the appearance of nuclei during development in the premeiotic region of the germline compared to control. germ cell mitosis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001215 germ cell mitosis variant Variations in the mitotic expansion of germ cell populations or in the appearance of nuclei during development in the premeiotic region of the germline compared to control. WB:WBPaper00001007 WB:WBPaper00005486 WB:WBPerson2021 Oocyte chromosomes arrest in metaphase of meiosis I without transitioning to anaphase or producing polar bodies. Mat C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001216 meiosis metaphase to anaphase transition block Oocyte chromosomes arrest in metaphase of meiosis I without transitioning to anaphase or producing polar bodies. WB:cab pmid:11134076 Germ line cells exhibit variations in the process whereby a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001217 germ cell mitosis metaphase to anaphase transition block Germ line cells exhibit variations in the process whereby a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, compared to control. WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the rate or extent of programmed cell death as it pertains to a sex-specific feature, compared to control populations. cell death sexually dimorphic abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001218 cell death sexually dimorphic variant Animals exhibit variations in the rate or extent of programmed cell death as it pertains to a sex-specific feature, compared to control populations. WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit a decrease in the rate or extent of programmed cell death and thus an increase in cell survival, as it pertains to a sex-specific feature, compared to control populations. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001219 cell survival sexually dimorphic increased Animals exhibit a decrease in the rate or extent of programmed cell death and thus an increase in cell survival, as it pertains to a sex-specific feature, compared to control populations. WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit in increase in the rate or extent of programmed cell death as it pertains to a sex-specific feature, compared to control populations. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001220 cell death sexually dimorphic increased Animals exhibit in increase in the rate or extent of programmed cell death as it pertains to a sex-specific feature, compared to control populations. WB:WBPerson712 Animal fails to exhibit characteristic response after a nose-on collision with an object compared to control. In C. elegans, this is usually assayed with a hair or similar fiber. The nose is the anterior most tip of the animal. Not C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001221 nose touch defective Animal fails to exhibit characteristic response after a nose-on collision with an object compared to control. In C. elegans, this is usually assayed with a hair or similar fiber. The nose is the anterior most tip of the animal. WB:WBPaper00001705 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit an increase in frequency of transposition events (DNA movement to different positions within the genome of a single cell) causing an accumulation of lesions within the genome, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Mut mutator WBPhenotype:0001222 transposon mutator Animals exhibit an increase in frequency of transposition events (DNA movement to different positions within the genome of a single cell) causing an accumulation of lesions within the genome, compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals show reduced susceptibility to gene silencing in the germline triggered by double stranded RNA (RNAi), compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001223 germline RNAi resistant Animals show reduced susceptibility to gene silencing in the germline triggered by double stranded RNA (RNAi), compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the processes that govern the extension of axons compared to control. axon outgrowth abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology axon migration variant WBPhenotype:0001224 axon outgrowth variant Any variation in the processes that govern the extension of axons compared to control. GO:0048675 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals are missing the interfacial hypodermal cell (socket cell) of the phasmid sensillum pore. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Psa WBPhenotype:0001225 phasmid socket absent Animals are missing the interfacial hypodermal cell (socket cell) of the phasmid sensillum pore. WB:WBPaper00000938 WB:WBPaper00004350 WB:WBPaper00026656 WB:WBPerson712 Animals display variations in the structure, organization or path of the part of the axon that forms a bridge between body regions, compared to that in control animals. commissure abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001226 commissure variant Animals display variations in the structure, organization or path of the part of the axon that forms a bridge between body regions, compared to that in control animals. WB:WBPaper00000938 WB:WBPaper00001576 WB:WBPaper00029065 WB:WBPerson712 Animals are missing any one of its commissures, an axon tract that connects one body part to another. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001227 commissure absent Animals are missing any one of its commissures, an axon tract that connects one body part to another. WB:WBPaper00027335 WB:WBPerson712 Animals lack the small linear ridges running along the lateral lines of the cuticle, lengthwise along the body (Wormatlas). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001228 alae absent Animals lack the small linear ridges running along the lateral lines of the cuticle, lengthwise along the body (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The orderly movement of neurons along the anterior axis of the animal is abolished, misdirected or incomplete compared to control. abnormal anterior neuron migration C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001229 anterior neuron migration defective The orderly movement of neurons along the anterior axis of the animal is abolished, misdirected or incomplete compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 The orderly movement of cells along the anterior axis of the animal is abolished, misdirected or incomplete compared to control. abnormal anterior cell migration C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001230 anterior cell migration defective The orderly movement of cells along the anterior axis of the animal is abolished, misdirected or incomplete compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 The rate, frequency or extent of bidirectional movement of large protein complexes (mediated by motor proteins) along microtubules within a cilium or flagellum is increased compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology ift accelerated WBPhenotype:0001231 intraflagellar transport accelerated The rate, frequency or extent of bidirectional movement of large protein complexes (mediated by motor proteins) along microtubules within a cilium or flagellum is increased compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit variations in the response to the addition of serotonin compared to that observed in control animals. Serotonin is a monoamine neurotransmitter. serotonin response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001232 serotonin response variant Animals exhibit variations in the response to the addition of serotonin compared to that observed in control animals. Serotonin is a monoamine neurotransmitter. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the pattern of a chemical nuclear stain which is commonly used in fixed specimens and produces a bright blue label, compared to control. DAPI (4'-6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole) forms fluorescent complexes with natural double-stranded DNA (Wormatlas). DAPI staining abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001233 DAPI staining variant Animals exhibit variations in the pattern of a chemical nuclear stain which is commonly used in fixed specimens and produces a bright blue label, compared to control. DAPI (4'-6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole) forms fluorescent complexes with natural double-stranded DNA (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Failure to execute the characteristic response to nonanone compared to control. In C. elegans, nonanone is a repellant. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001234 nonanone chemotaxis defective Failure to execute the characteristic response to nonanone compared to control. In C. elegans, nonanone is a repellant. WB:WBPaper00002917 Any variation in the orientation of the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells compared to control. cell division polarity abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001235 cell division polarity variant Any variation in the orientation of the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any increase in the intensity of expression of a gene product produced by exogenous DNA that has been introduced into the organism compared to its expression in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001236 transgene expression increased Any increase in the intensity of expression of a gene product produced by exogenous DNA that has been introduced into the organism compared to its expression in control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Any perturbation that causes an increase in the frequency of axon outgrowth compared to control. As a result, an excess number of axonal projections are generated. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001237 excess axon outgrowth Any perturbation that causes an increase in the frequency of axon outgrowth compared to control. As a result, an excess number of axonal projections are generated. GO:0030517 WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the length of time required for a male to find a mate and initiate the search for the vulva. In C. elegans, the latency period includes the time males spend to find a hermaphrodite and pause to press its ventral side against the surface of the hermaphrodite and initiate a backing up search for the vulva. male mating latency abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001238 male mating latency variant Any variation in the length of time required for a male to find a mate and initiate the search for the vulva. In C. elegans, the latency period includes the time males spend to find a hermaphrodite and pause to press its ventral side against the surface of the hermaphrodite and initiate a backing up search for the vulva. WB:cab pmid:16624900 Any increase in the length of time required for a male to find a mate and initiate the search for the vulva. In C. elegans, the latency period includes the time males spend to find a hermaphrodite and pause to press its ventral side against the surface of the hermaphrodite and initiate a backing up search for the vulva. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001239 mating latency increased Any increase in the length of time required for a male to find a mate and initiate the search for the vulva. In C. elegans, the latency period includes the time males spend to find a hermaphrodite and pause to press its ventral side against the surface of the hermaphrodite and initiate a backing up search for the vulva. pmid:16624900 Variations in the processes leading to the specialization of the finger-like sensory sensilla that project from the tail and embed in the male fan compared to control. male tail sensory ray differentiation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001240 male tail sensory ray differentiation variant Variations in the processes leading to the specialization of the finger-like sensory sensilla that project from the tail and embed in the male fan compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 OBSOLETE. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001241 obsolete ray fusion true The rate, frequency or extent of bidirectional movement of large protein complexes (mediated by motor proteins) along microtubules within a cilium or flagellum is lower compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001242 intraflagellar transport slow The rate, frequency or extent of bidirectional movement of large protein complexes (mediated by motor proteins) along microtubules within a cilium or flagellum is lower compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 The bidirectional transport of molecules (cargo) along axonemal microtubules is reduced compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001243 intraflagellar transport distance short The bidirectional transport of molecules (cargo) along axonemal microtubules is reduced compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Bidirectional movement of large protein complexes (mediated by motor proteins) along microtubules within a cilium or flagellum is completely abolished. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001244 intraflagellar transport absent Bidirectional movement of large protein complexes (mediated by motor proteins) along microtubules within a cilium or flagellum is completely abolished. WB:WBPerson2021 The bidirectional transport of molecules along the middle segment of axonemal microtubules of the cilia is absent. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001245 no transport middle segment cilia The bidirectional transport of molecules along the middle segment of axonemal microtubules of the cilia is absent. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The bidirectional transport of molecules along the distal segment of axonemal microtubules of the cilia is absent. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001246 no transport distal segment cilia The bidirectional transport of molecules along the distal segment of axonemal microtubules of the cilia is absent. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules from the cell body toward the cell periphery in nerve cell axons is disrupted. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001247 Possible XP. anterograde transport defective The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules from the cell body toward the cell periphery in nerve cell axons is disrupted. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the structure or organization of the microtuble-based projections that in control animals invaginate individually into the sheath cell of the neuronal sensillum rather than projecting through the socket cell to the outside. In C. elegans, the cilia of each wing cell has its own unique shape and as they are not exposed to the outside, they do not typically take up dyes. wing cilia morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology AWC cilia morphology abnormal WBPhenotype:0001248 wing cilia morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the structure or organization of the microtuble-based projections that in control animals invaginate individually into the sheath cell of the neuronal sensillum rather than projecting through the socket cell to the outside. In C. elegans, the cilia of each wing cell has its own unique shape and as they are not exposed to the outside, they do not typically take up dyes. WB:WBPaper00000932 WB:WBPaper00029016 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the structure or composition of the dendritic projections of the amphid sensory neurons that traverse the sensillum pore to connect with the outside of the animal, compared to that observed in control animals. In C. elegans, amphid channel cilia morphology is frequently assayed by dye-filling experiments using FITC, DiI or DiO. amphid channel cilia morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001249 amphid channel cilia morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the structure or composition of the dendritic projections of the amphid sensory neurons that traverse the sensillum pore to connect with the outside of the animal, compared to that observed in control animals. In C. elegans, amphid channel cilia morphology is frequently assayed by dye-filling experiments using FITC, DiI or DiO. WB:WBPaper00000932 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the structure or composition of the microtuble-based fibrillar core, axoneme, of the cilia of the neurons that project through the sensillum pore to the outside of the animal, compared to that observed in control animals. amphid channel axoneme morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001250 amphid channel axoneme morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the structure or composition of the microtuble-based fibrillar core, axoneme, of the cilia of the neurons that project through the sensillum pore to the outside of the animal, compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00000932 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 The microtuble-based fibrillar-bundles of the amphid sensory cilia are reduced in length compared to those in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001251 amphid channel axoneme short The microtuble-based fibrillar-bundles of the amphid sensory cilia are reduced in length compared to those in control animals. WB:WBPaper00000932 WB:WBPaper00027116 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the structure or organization of the microtubule-based fibrillar section, axoneme, of the cilia of the flat sheet-like cells associated with sensory function, from that observed in control animals. wing cilia axoneme morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001252 wing cilia axoneme morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the structure or organization of the microtubule-based fibrillar section, axoneme, of the cilia of the flat sheet-like cells associated with sensory function, from that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson712 The microtuble-based fibrillar-bundle, axoneme, of the wing cell cilia are reduced in length and do not extend into the sheath cell as far as they do in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001253 wing cilia axoneme short The microtuble-based fibrillar-bundle, axoneme, of the wing cell cilia are reduced in length and do not extend into the sheath cell as far as they do in control animals. WB:WBPerson712 The dendritic processes that normally extend through the amphid sensillum pore to the outside are truncated and have swollen ends as opposed to the extended and finger-like tips of channel cilia in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001254 amphid channel cilia bulbous The dendritic processes that normally extend through the amphid sensillum pore to the outside are truncated and have swollen ends as opposed to the extended and finger-like tips of channel cilia in control animals. WB:WBPaper00027116 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit wing cell sensory cilia that are truncated and swollen unlike that observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001255 wing cilia bulbous Animals exhibit wing cell sensory cilia that are truncated and swollen unlike that observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00027116 WB:WBPerson712 Variations in the aggregation of molecules at the site of DNA strand breakage or damage compared to control. DNA damage induced focus formation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology DNA repair induced focus formation WBPhenotype:0001256 DNA damage induced focus formation variant Variations in the aggregation of molecules at the site of DNA strand breakage or damage compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the generation of foci that mark sites of aberrant bonding of molecules to the DNA strand, compared to control. cross link induced focus formation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001257 cross link induced focus formation variant Variations in the generation of foci that mark sites of aberrant bonding of molecules to the DNA strand, compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals show increased susceptibility to gene silencing triggered by double stranded RNA (RNAi), compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Eri WBPhenotype:0001258 RNAi enhanced Animals show increased susceptibility to gene silencing triggered by double stranded RNA (RNAi), compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Hermaphrodites exhibit a reduction in the production of new individuals owing to defects in gamete competence and/or function compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001259 hermaphrodite fertility reduced Hermaphrodites exhibit a reduction in the production of new individuals owing to defects in gamete competence and/or function compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Haploid female germ cells (oocytes) exhibit variations in their overall structure, appearance or contents compared to control. oocyte morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001260 oocyte morphology variant Haploid female germ cells (oocytes) exhibit variations in their overall structure, appearance or contents compared to control. WB:WBPaper00001883 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals show deficiencies in chroma resulting in increased translucency. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001261 pale Animals show deficiencies in chroma resulting in increased translucency. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The developmental progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes is halted prior to the formation of the mature structure. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001262 vulval development incomplete The developmental progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes is halted prior to the formation of the mature structure. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The morphological appearance of peroxisomes is variant compared to control animals. peroxisome morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001263 peroxisome morphology variant The morphological appearance of peroxisomes is variant compared to control animals. WB:cab Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the peroxisome to carry out its normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. peroxisome physiology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001264 peroxisome physiology variant Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the peroxisome to carry out its normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson712 The anterior portion of the animal exhibits variations in its movement compared to control. Erratic head vibration head movement abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001265 head movement variant The anterior portion of the animal exhibits variations in its movement compared to control. WB:WBPaper00000214 Any variation in triggering of the set of interactions occurring between a group of genes who depend on each other's individual functions in order to make the aggregate function of the network available to the cell, compared to control. genetic pathway activation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001266 genetic pathway activation variant Any variation in triggering of the set of interactions occurring between a group of genes who depend on each other's individual functions in order to make the aggregate function of the network available to the cell, compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the frequency of gonad sheath contractions triggered by internal or external stimuli compared to control. induced contraction rate abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001267 induced contraction rate variant Any variation in the frequency of gonad sheath contractions triggered by internal or external stimuli compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the extent of activation of programmed cell death, compared to control. induced cell death abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001268 induced cell death variant Animals exhibit variations in the extent of activation of programmed cell death, compared to control. WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the extent of activation of programmed cell death by exposure to a pathogen or pathogenic cue, compared to control. pathogen induced cell death abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001269 pathogen induced cell death variant Animals exhibit variations in the extent of activation of programmed cell death by exposure to a pathogen or pathogenic cue, compared to control. WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit a decrease in the extent of activation of programmed cell death by exposure to a pathogen or pathogenic cue, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001270 pathogen induced cell death reduced Animals exhibit a decrease in the extent of activation of programmed cell death by exposure to a pathogen or pathogenic cue, compared to control. WB:WBPerson712 Animals are more prone to lethality as a result of infection compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001271 pathogen induced death increased Animals are more prone to lethality as a result of infection compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Vulval precursor cells inappropriately adopt fates that are normally restricted to other vulval precursor cells compared to control. vulval precursor cell induction abnormal vulval cell induction abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001272 vulval cell induction variant Vulval precursor cells inappropriately adopt fates that are normally restricted to other vulval precursor cells compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, gene expression, etc.) in response to heat (high temperatures above the optimal temperature for that organism), compared to control. organism heat response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001273 organism heat response variant Any variation in the state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, gene expression, etc.) in response to heat (high temperatures above the optimal temperature for that organism), compared to control. GO:0009408 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals respond to heat at a lower temperature or a shorter exposure time compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001274 organism heat hypersensitive Animals respond to heat at a lower temperature or a shorter exposure time compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Any variation that increases the magnitude of a signal generated by a set of gene interactions in a given pathway, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001275 increased genetic pathway signal Any variation that increases the magnitude of a signal generated by a set of gene interactions in a given pathway, compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the cellular expression of a gene product produced by exogenous DNA that has been introduced into the organism such that it now expresses in cells/tissues not seen when compared to the expression of that gene product in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001276 ectopic expression transgene Any variation in the cellular expression of a gene product produced by exogenous DNA that has been introduced into the organism such that it now expresses in cells/tissues not seen when compared to the expression of that gene product in control animals. WB:WBPerson557 XX animals are transformed into males or pseudomales . C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Tra WBPhenotype:0001277 transformer XX animals are transformed into males or pseudomales . WB:WBPerson712 WB:cab Any decrease in the intensity of expression of a gene product produced by exogenous DNA that has been introduced into the organism compared to its expression in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001278 transgene expression reduced Any decrease in the intensity of expression of a gene product produced by exogenous DNA that has been introduced into the organism compared to its expression in control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Any decrease in the intensity of expression of a gene product produced by exogenous DNA, exclusively in the male, that has been introduced into the organism compared to its expression in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001279 transgene expression reduced male Any decrease in the intensity of expression of a gene product produced by exogenous DNA, exclusively in the male, that has been introduced into the organism compared to its expression in control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Any decrease in the intensity of expression of a gene product produced by exogenous DNA, exclusively in the hermaphrodite, that has been introduced into the organism compared to its expression in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001280 transgene expression reduced hermaphrodite Any decrease in the intensity of expression of a gene product produced by exogenous DNA, exclusively in the hermaphrodite, that has been introduced into the organism compared to its expression in control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Pharynx becomes clogged with food. In C. elegans, this is often a result of pharyngeal pumping defects. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001281 stuffed pharynx Pharynx becomes clogged with food. In C. elegans, this is often a result of pharyngeal pumping defects. WB:cab Variations in the chemical reactions and pathways of the mitochondria compared to control. mitochondrial metabolism abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001282 mitochondrial metabolism variant Variations in the chemical reactions and pathways of the mitochondria compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the chemical reactions and pathways of an organelle compared to control. organelle metabolism abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001283 organelle metabolism variant Variations in the chemical reactions and pathways of an organelle compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Animals contain a lower level of coenzyme Q, an oil-soluble vitamin-like substance present in most eukaryotic cells, primarily in the mitochondria, compared to control. It is a component of the electron transport chain and participates in aerobic cellular respiration. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001284 coenzyme Q depleted Animals contain a lower level of coenzyme Q, an oil-soluble vitamin-like substance present in most eukaryotic cells, primarily in the mitochondria, compared to control. It is a component of the electron transport chain and participates in aerobic cellular respiration. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Pharyngeal pumping is not influenced by treatment with specific compounds (eg: serotonin) in the same manner as control animals. induced pharyngeal pumping abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001285 induced pharyngeal pumping variant Pharyngeal pumping is not influenced by treatment with specific compounds (eg: serotonin) in the same manner as control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 Exposure to food does not reduce pharyngeal pumping to the same extent as observed in control animals. food suppressed pumping abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001286 food suppressed pumping variant Exposure to food does not reduce pharyngeal pumping to the same extent as observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 Animals do not exhibit a decrease in pumping rate when treated with specific compounds (such as pheromones) as is observed for control animals. suppressed pharyngeal pumping abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001287 suppressed pharyngeal pumping defective Animals do not exhibit a decrease in pumping rate when treated with specific compounds (such as pheromones) as is observed for control animals. WB:WBPaper00032082 WB:WBPerson712 OBSOLETE. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001288 is alternative id for "locomotion reduced" (WBPhenotype:0001213); may have originally had term name "movement reduced" true Animals fail to respond to the concentration of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001289 acetylcholinesterase inhibitor resistant Animals fail to respond to the concentration of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in their response to a specific acetylcholinesterase inhibitor compared to that observed in control animals. acetylcholinesterase inhibitor response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001290 acetylcholinesterase inhibitor response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to a specific acetylcholinesterase inhibitor compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in actions and responses that occurs predominantly, or only, in individuals that are part of a group, from that observed for animals in a control group. social behavior abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001291 social behavior variant Animals exhibit variations in actions and responses that occurs predominantly, or only, in individuals that are part of a group, from that observed for animals in a control group. GO:0035176 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for cells as a collective unit of the body wall muscle system to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. body wall muscle physiology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001292 body wall muscle physiology variant Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for cells as a collective unit of the body wall muscle system to carry out their normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the larva to carry out its normal metabolic functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. larval physiology abnormal larval physiology variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001293 larval physiology phenotype Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the larva to carry out its normal metabolic functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson712 The most anterior portion of the animal is not aligned with the axis of the body. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001294 head bent The most anterior portion of the animal is not aligned with the axis of the body. WB:WBPaper00000031 Any portion of the animal, between the head and the tail, appears distorted, usually due to uncharacteristic winding. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001295 body twisted Any portion of the animal, between the head and the tail, appears distorted, usually due to uncharacteristic winding. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals fail to respond to the concentration of lannate that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. methomyl resistant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001296 lannate resistant Animals fail to respond to the concentration of lannate that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male tail over time, from its formation to the mature structure, compared to control. male tail development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001297 male tail development variant Any variation in the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male tail over time, from its formation to the mature structure, compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of the more posterior portion of the intestine, just anterior to the sphincter valve, which is subject to squeezing by the somatal-intestinal muscles compared to control animals (Wormatlas). hindgut morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001298 hindgut morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of the more posterior portion of the intestine, just anterior to the sphincter valve, which is subject to squeezing by the somatal-intestinal muscles compared to control animals (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation that alters the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells in male animals compared to control. cell division abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001299 cell division variant male Any variation that alters the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells in male animals compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the composition or structure of the contents within a germ cell, excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, compared to control. Germ cells include sperm, oocytes, and their precursors. germ cell cytoplasmic morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001300 germ cell cytoplasmic morphology variant Any variation in the composition or structure of the contents within a germ cell, excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, compared to control. Germ cells include sperm, oocytes, and their precursors. GO:0005737 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Localization or structural appearance of P-granules is altered compared to control. P-granules are cytoplasmic structures associated with germ nuclei in the C. elegans gonad, and are localized exclusively to germ cells, or germ cell precursors, throughout the life cycle. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001301 P granule abnormal Localization or structural appearance of P-granules is altered compared to control. P-granules are cytoplasmic structures associated with germ nuclei in the C. elegans gonad, and are localized exclusively to germ cells, or germ cell precursors, throughout the life cycle. WB:cab pmid:11262230 The restricted localization of P granules to germ cells or germ cell precursors is altered compared to control. P granule localization abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology germ granule localization defective WBPhenotype:0001302 P granule localization defective The restricted localization of P granules to germ cells or germ cell precursors is altered compared to control. WB:WBPaper00001477 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals have one or more extra cells of a particular type, which are present in places they are normally not found, when compared to the number and location of these cells in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001303 extra and ectopic cell Animals have one or more extra cells of a particular type, which are present in places they are normally not found, when compared to the number and location of these cells in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The terminal portion of the intestine exhibits structural defects such as scarring or blockage. Scar C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001304 hindgut damaged The terminal portion of the intestine exhibits structural defects such as scarring or blockage. WB:WBPaper00003719 WB:cab Any variation in the form or composition of the structure that lies on the ventral surface just anterior and central to the base of the spicule openings (small lump on the gubernaculum of the male tail) and contains a sensory structure called the hook sensillum, compared to control. In C. elegans the hook is necessary for proper male mating. hook morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001305 hook morphology variant Any variation in the form or composition of the structure that lies on the ventral surface just anterior and central to the base of the spicule openings (small lump on the gubernaculum of the male tail) and contains a sensory structure called the hook sensillum, compared to control. In C. elegans the hook is necessary for proper male mating. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variations in the form, structure or composition of a set of interacting or interdependent entities forming the male reproductive system compared to control. The reproductive system is involved in the generation of progeny which contain genetic material inherited from the parents. male reproductive system morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001306 male reproductive system morphology variant Any variations in the form, structure or composition of a set of interacting or interdependent entities forming the male reproductive system compared to control. The reproductive system is involved in the generation of progeny which contain genetic material inherited from the parents. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The maximum ventral and dorsal flex of the animal is reduced compared to that observed for control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001307 reduced body bend The maximum ventral and dorsal flex of the animal is reduced compared to that observed for control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The contraction and relaxation movements of the pharyngeal muscle that mediate feeding is not as robust as compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001308 weak pumping The contraction and relaxation movements of the pharyngeal muscle that mediate feeding is not as robust as compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit a decrease in the extent of a vibratory movement (as a worm bend) measured from the mean position to an extreme position compared to control. WBPhenotype:0000003 amplitude of body bends decreased flat locomotion path flattened locomotion path C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001309 amplitude of sinusoidal movement decreased Animals exhibit a decrease in the extent of a vibratory movement (as a worm bend) measured from the mean position to an extreme position compared to control. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 The placement of neuronal cells, as a whole or of a specific class of neuron in the animal, deviates from that observed in control animals. neuron positioning abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001310 neuron positioning variant The placement of neuronal cells, as a whole or of a specific class of neuron in the animal, deviates from that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations that result in a decrease in protein expression in hermaphrodites compared to that observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001311 protein expression reduced hermaphrodite Variations that result in a decrease in protein expression in hermaphrodites compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 The quantity of neuronal cells, as a whole or of a specific class of neuron in the animal deviates from that observed in control animals. neuron number abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001312 neuron number variant The quantity of neuronal cells, as a whole or of a specific class of neuron in the animal deviates from that observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00027711 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the progression of the sex-specific muscles of the hermaphrodite, over time, whose contractions squeeze on the uterus to help move eggs towards the vulval opening compared to control (Wormatlas). uterine muscle abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001313 uterine muscle variant Any variation in the progression of the sex-specific muscles of the hermaphrodite, over time, whose contractions squeeze on the uterus to help move eggs towards the vulval opening compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the progression of the sex-specific muscles in the hermaphrodite, over time, that are specialized for egg-laying compared to control. In C. elegans the contractions of the vulval muscles open the lips of the vulva to help in expelling an egg from the uterus (Wormatlas). vulval muscle abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001314 vulval muscle variant Any variation in the progression of the sex-specific muscles in the hermaphrodite, over time, that are specialized for egg-laying compared to control. In C. elegans the contractions of the vulval muscles open the lips of the vulva to help in expelling an egg from the uterus (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the electrical properties of any of its cells or tissues compared to control. electrophysiology abnormal electrophysiology variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001315 electrophysiology phenotype Animals exhibit variations in the electrical properties of any of its cells or tissues compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the synaptic currents that are elicited by firing an action potential in a population of axons, compared to control. evoked postsynaptic current abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001316 evoked postsynaptic current variant Variations in the synaptic currents that are elicited by firing an action potential in a population of axons, compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 pmid:14735116 The amplitudes of synaptic currents that are elicited by firing an action potential in a population of axons are decreased, compared to those observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001317 evoked postsynaptic amplitude reduced The amplitudes of synaptic currents that are elicited by firing an action potential in a population of axons are decreased, compared to those observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the currents observed in the absence of presynaptic action potentials and that are elicited by fusion of a single endogenous vesicle of transmitter compared to control. endogenous synaptic events abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001318 endogenous synaptic events variant Any variation in the currents observed in the absence of presynaptic action potentials and that are elicited by fusion of a single endogenous vesicle of transmitter compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 pmid:14735116 The rate (frequency) of currents elicited by fusion of a single endogenous vesicle of transmitter in the absence of presynaptic action potentials is decreased compared to control. Changes in frequency are indicative of presynaptic modifications. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001319 endogenous synaptic event frequency reduced The rate (frequency) of currents elicited by fusion of a single endogenous vesicle of transmitter in the absence of presynaptic action potentials is decreased compared to control. Changes in frequency are indicative of presynaptic modifications. WB:WBPaper00026938 WB:WBPerson2021 pmid:14735116 The amplitude (magnitude) of currents elicited by fusion of a single endogenous vesicle of transmitter in the absence of presynaptic action potentials is altered compared to control. Changes in amplitude are often interpreted as alterations of postsynaptic responsiveness to the transmitter. endogenous synaptic amplitude abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001320 endogenous synaptic amplitude variant The amplitude (magnitude) of currents elicited by fusion of a single endogenous vesicle of transmitter in the absence of presynaptic action potentials is altered compared to control. Changes in amplitude are often interpreted as alterations of postsynaptic responsiveness to the transmitter. WB:WBPerson2021 pmid:14735116 Animals display variations in the structure, configuration, distribution or ratio of the components of the vesicle-filled varicosities of the synapse compared to control. presynaptic region morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001321 presynaptic region morphology variant Animals display variations in the structure, configuration, distribution or ratio of the components of the vesicle-filled varicosities of the synapse compared to control. GO:0042734 WB:WBPaper00000938 WB:WBPaper00027305 WB:WBPaper00028886 WB:WBPerson712 OBSOLETE. Total presynaptic vesicle number is reduced, possibly refecting a defect in the replenishment of synaptic vesicles compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001322 Electron microscopic analysis. obsolete vesicle number reduced true OBSOLETE. Total presynaptic vesicle number is reduced, possibly refecting a defect in the replenishment of synaptic vesicles compared to control. WB:cab pmid:16803962 Animals display variations in the shape or size of their vesicles, which are spherical, membrane-bound fluid-filled organelles, compared to vesicles observed in control animals. vesicle morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001323 Electron microscopic analysis. vesicle morphology variant Animals display variations in the shape or size of their vesicles, which are spherical, membrane-bound fluid-filled organelles, compared to vesicles observed in control animals. GO:0031982 WB:WBPaper00027612 WB:WBPaper00027711 WB:WBPerson712 WB:cab pmid:16803962 Cells exhibit variations in their response to ionizing radiation compared to that observed in control animals. cell ionizing radiation response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001324 cell ionizing radiation response variant Cells exhibit variations in their response to ionizing radiation compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals initiate but do not continue backward movement, similar to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001325 backing not sustained Animals initiate but do not continue backward movement, similar to control animals. WB:cab WB:cgc914 Cells exhibit variations in their response to gamma ray radiation compared to that observed in control animals. cell gamma ray response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001326 cell gamma ray response variant Cells exhibit variations in their response to gamma ray radiation compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Cells respond to a lower dosage of gamma rays or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001327 cell gamma ray hypersensitive Cells respond to a lower dosage of gamma rays or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 The posterior part of the worm is shorter and stouter compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001328 posterior body dumpy The posterior part of the worm is shorter and stouter compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit a greater number of bends in their body compared to control. C. elegans posture assumes more than a single sine wave. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001329 curly Animals exhibit a greater number of bends in their body compared to control. C. elegans posture assumes more than a single sine wave. WB:cab WB:cgc914 The rate of the intrinsic behavioral program that serves to move fertilized eggs down the uterus, through the vulva, and out of the worm onto the substrate is reduced compared to that observed in control animals (Wormatlas). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology egg laying event rare WBPhenotype:0001330 egg laying event infrequent The rate of the intrinsic behavioral program that serves to move fertilized eggs down the uterus, through the vulva, and out of the worm onto the substrate is reduced compared to that observed in control animals (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals display variations in the structure or organization of components of the motor neuron, internal to the cell itself or in relation to the cellular environment compared to that observed in control animals. A motor neuron is a neuronal cell that synapses to an effector (muscle, gland etc.). motor neuron morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001331 WBbt:0005409. motor neuron morphology variant Animals display variations in the structure or organization of components of the motor neuron, internal to the cell itself or in relation to the cellular environment compared to that observed in control animals. A motor neuron is a neuronal cell that synapses to an effector (muscle, gland etc.). WB:WBPerson712 Animals display variations in the number of spherical membrane-bound fluid-filled organelles, compared to that observed in control animals. vesicle number abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001332 vesicle number variant Animals display variations in the number of spherical membrane-bound fluid-filled organelles, compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The body of a neuron is not where it should be when compared to control animals; it is absent or misplaced. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001333 neuron cell body absent misplaced The body of a neuron is not where it should be when compared to control animals; it is absent or misplaced. WB:WBPaper00000502 WB:WBPaper00000635 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the form, structure or composition of the muscles of the adult hermaphrodite reproductive system compared to control. In C. elegans hermaphrodites these muscles include the vulval and uterine muscles, located near the vulva in the midbody, which all derive from the M myoblast (Wormatlas). hermaphrodite sex muscle morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001334 hermaphrodite sex muscle morphology variant Any variation in the form, structure or composition of the muscles of the adult hermaphrodite reproductive system compared to control. In C. elegans hermaphrodites these muscles include the vulval and uterine muscles, located near the vulva in the midbody, which all derive from the M myoblast (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variations in the form, structure or composition of a set of interacting or interdependent entities forming the hermaphrodite reproductive system, compared to control. The reproductive system is involved in the generation of progeny which contain genetic material inherited from the parents. hermaphrodite reproductive system morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001335 hermaphrodite reproductive system morphology variant Any variations in the form, structure or composition of a set of interacting or interdependent entities forming the hermaphrodite reproductive system, compared to control. The reproductive system is involved in the generation of progeny which contain genetic material inherited from the parents. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Males sire no cross progeny. no male progeny C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001336 male mating efficiency eliminated Males sire no cross progeny. WB:WBPaper00000179 WB:WBPaper00000608 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in their response to a specific adrenergic receptor antagonist compared to that observed in control animals. adrenergic receptor antagonist response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001337 adrenergic receptor antagonist response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to a specific adrenergic receptor antagonist compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals fail to respond to the concentration of phentolamine that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001338 phentolamine resistant Animals fail to respond to the concentration of phentolamine that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals are not induced to lay eggs in reponse to exogenous levamisole. In C. elegans, levamisole stimulates egg-laying. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001339 egg laying levamisole resistant Animals are not induced to lay eggs in reponse to exogenous levamisole. In C. elegans, levamisole stimulates egg-laying. WB:WBPaper00000635 WB:WBPerson712 Animals are not induced to lay eggs in reponse to exogenous imipramine. In C. elegans, imipramine stimulates egg-laying. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001340 egg laying imipramine resistant Animals are not induced to lay eggs in reponse to exogenous imipramine. In C. elegans, imipramine stimulates egg-laying. WB:WBPaper00000635 WB:WBPaper00001133 WB:WBPaper00031293 WB:WBPerson712 Animals are not induced to lay eggs in reponse to exogenous phentolamine. In C. elegans, phentolamine stimulates egg-laying. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001341 egg laying phentolamine resistant Animals are not induced to lay eggs in reponse to exogenous phentolamine. In C. elegans, phentolamine stimulates egg-laying. WB:WBPaper00000635 WB:WBPerson712 Animals respond to exogenous imipramine at a lower concentration or within a shorter time period than control animals under the same conditions. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001342 egg laying imipramine hypersensitive Animals respond to exogenous imipramine at a lower concentration or within a shorter time period than control animals under the same conditions. WB:WBPaper00000635 WB:WBPerson712 Early embryos exhibit defects in the assembly, disassembly, arrangement, elongation or stabilization of the microtubule spindle during a meiotic cell cycle. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001343 Possible XP. meiotic spindle defective early emb Early embryos exhibit defects in the assembly, disassembly, arrangement, elongation or stabilization of the microtubule spindle during a meiotic cell cycle. GO:0000212 WB:WBPerson2021 Intracellular membrane bound compartments vary in shape or size from that observed in control animals. organelle organization biogenesis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001344 organelle organization biogenesis variant Intracellular membrane bound compartments vary in shape or size from that observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00032168 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure, composition or arrangement of any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of cells, compared to control. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles. cytoskeleton organization biogenesis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001345 cytoskeleton organization biogenesis variant Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure, composition or arrangement of any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of cells, compared to control. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles. GO:0005856 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the dynamic structural changes to the arrangement of constituent parts of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins compared to control. actin cytoskeleton dynamics variant actin cytoskeleton dynamic abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001346 Possible XP. actin cytoskeleton dynamics phenotype Any variation in the dynamic structural changes to the arrangement of constituent parts of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins compared to control. GO:0031532 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the series of molecular signals in which an intestinal cell uses calcium ions to convert an extracellular signal into a response, compared to control. intestinal calcium signaling abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001347 intestinal calcium signaling variant Any variation in the series of molecular signals in which an intestinal cell uses calcium ions to convert an extracellular signal into a response, compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the form or composition of a structure in the cell nucleus which contains the genetic material encoded as DNA and surrounded by histone proteins and other regulatory elements compared to control. In C. elegans the normal cell contains 5 pairs of 'autosomes' and one or two X chromosomes (Wormatlas). chromosome morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001348 chromosome morphology variant Variations in the form or composition of a structure in the cell nucleus which contains the genetic material encoded as DNA and surrounded by histone proteins and other regulatory elements compared to control. In C. elegans the normal cell contains 5 pairs of 'autosomes' and one or two X chromosomes (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the processes that incorporate phosphate groups to one or more amino acids within a protein, compared to control. protein phosphorylation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001349 protein phosphorylation variant Variations in the processes that incorporate phosphate groups to one or more amino acids within a protein, compared to control. GO:0006468 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit higher levels of protein phosphorylation compared to that observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001350 protein phosphorylation increased Animals exhibit higher levels of protein phosphorylation compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit decreased levels of protein phosphorylation compared to that observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001351 protein phosphorylation reduced Animals exhibit decreased levels of protein phosphorylation compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the chemical reactions and pathways of the endoplasmic reticulum compared to control. endoplasmic reticulum metabolism abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology er metabolism abnormal WBPhenotype:0001352 endoplasmic reticulum metabolism variant Variations in the chemical reactions and pathways of the endoplasmic reticulum compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 The coordinated movement during prophase of the two centrosomes and the two pronuclei towards the center of the one cell embryo is abolished. centration abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001353 centration defective early emb The coordinated movement during prophase of the two centrosomes and the two pronuclei towards the center of the one cell embryo is abolished. WB:WBPaper00027230 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure, composition or arrangement of actin, an abundant cytoskeletal protein in most cells, often linked to the plasma membrane and concentrated at cell junctions compared to control (Wormatlas). actin cytoskeleton filament morphology abnormal actin cytoskeleton filament morphology variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001354 actin cytoskeleton filament morphology phenotype Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure, composition or arrangement of actin, an abundant cytoskeletal protein in most cells, often linked to the plasma membrane and concentrated at cell junctions compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the form or composition of a specialized tissue of the reproductive tract that produces the male or female gametes compared to control (Wormatlas). gonad morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001355 gonad morphology variant Variations in the form or composition of a specialized tissue of the reproductive tract that produces the male or female gametes compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the form, structure or composition of the muscles of the adult male reproductive system compared to control. In C. elegans males, the M myoblast gives rise to a much larger set of specialized muscles, compared to hermaphrodites, which differentiate within the tail region (Wormatlas). male sex muscle morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001356 male sex muscle morphology variant Any variation in the form, structure or composition of the muscles of the adult male reproductive system compared to control. In C. elegans males, the M myoblast gives rise to a much larger set of specialized muscles, compared to hermaphrodites, which differentiate within the tail region (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the form or composition of a specialized tissue of the reproductive tract that produces the male gametes compared to control (Wormatlas). male gonad morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001357 male gonad morphology variant Variations in the form or composition of a specialized tissue of the reproductive tract that produces the male gametes compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Male animals exhibit variations in the structure or organization of any component that is part of the complement of organ tissues that serve to detect, relay and coordinate information about an animal's internal and external environments and to initiate and integrate its effector responses and activities, compared to that in control animals. male nervous system morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001358 male nervous system morphology variant Male animals exhibit variations in the structure or organization of any component that is part of the complement of organ tissues that serve to detect, relay and coordinate information about an animal's internal and external environments and to initiate and integrate its effector responses and activities, compared to that in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the structure and organization of the chamber in the male tail that extends from the termination of four canals (vas deferens, gut, and left and right spicule channels) to just before the cloaca, from that observed in control animals. proctodeum morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001359 proctodeum morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the structure and organization of the chamber in the male tail that extends from the termination of four canals (vas deferens, gut, and left and right spicule channels) to just before the cloaca, from that observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00027278 WB:WBPerson712 Hermaphrodites fail to produce any viable progeny via self-fertilization. However, such hermaphrodites can successfully reproduce if mated to control males. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001360 hermaphrodite self sterile Hermaphrodites fail to produce any viable progeny via self-fertilization. However, such hermaphrodites can successfully reproduce if mated to control males. WB:WBPaper00001075 WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the progressive compaction of dispersed interphase chromatin into threadlike chromosomes prior to mitotic or meiotic nuclear division, or during apoptosis, in eukaryotic cells compared to control. chromosome condensation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001361 chromosome condensation variant Any variation in the progressive compaction of dispersed interphase chromatin into threadlike chromosomes prior to mitotic or meiotic nuclear division, or during apoptosis, in eukaryotic cells compared to control. GO:0030261 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The progressive compaction of dispersed interphase chromatin into threadlike chromosomes prior to mitotic or meiotic nuclear division, or during apoptosis in eukaryotic cells is abolished. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001362 chromosome condensation failure The progressive compaction of dispersed interphase chromatin into threadlike chromosomes prior to mitotic or meiotic nuclear division, or during apoptosis in eukaryotic cells is abolished. GO:0030261 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The head contains cavities, possibly indicative of inappropriate cell death. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology head vacuole WBPhenotype:0001363 head cavity The head contains cavities, possibly indicative of inappropriate cell death. WB:cab Any variation in the form, structure or composition of the flattened structure extending laterally at the extreme tip of the adult male consisting of nine pairs of sensory rays that lie within a web-like cuticle compared to control. male fan morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001364 male fan morphology variant Any variation in the form, structure or composition of the flattened structure extending laterally at the extreme tip of the adult male consisting of nine pairs of sensory rays that lie within a web-like cuticle compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male bursa over time, from its formation to the mature structure, compared to control. The male bursa consists of the lateral fan and rays (WormAtlas). male bursa development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001365 male bursa development variant Any variation in the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male bursa over time, from its formation to the mature structure, compared to control. The male bursa consists of the lateral fan and rays (WormAtlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male fan over time, from its formation to the mature structure, compared to control. male fan development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001366 male fan development variant Any variation in the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male fan over time, from its formation to the mature structure, compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male proctodeum over time, from its formation to the mature structure, compared to control. The union of the vas deferens and the intestine give rise to the proctodeum which contains copulatory spicules. proctodeum development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001367 proctodeum development variant Any variation in the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male proctodeum over time, from its formation to the mature structure, compared to control. The union of the vas deferens and the intestine give rise to the proctodeum which contains copulatory spicules. WB:WBPerson2021 Animals lack the somatic gonad structure that connects the distal gonad arm to the uterus. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001368 spermatheca absent Animals lack the somatic gonad structure that connects the distal gonad arm to the uterus. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the selective and non-covalent physical association between two or more proteins, or a protein and nucleic acid/macromolecular complex, compared to control. protein interaction abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001369 protein interaction variant Variations in the selective and non-covalent physical association between two or more proteins, or a protein and nucleic acid/macromolecular complex, compared to control. GO:0005515 WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the selective and non-covalent physical association between two or more proteins, compared to control. protein protein interaction abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001370 protein protein interaction variant Variations in the selective and non-covalent physical association between two or more proteins, compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the selective and non-covalent physical association between a protein and a specific RNA sequence, compared to control. protein RNA interaction abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001371 protein RNA interaction variant Variations in the selective and non-covalent physical association between a protein and a specific RNA sequence, compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the selective and non-covalent physical association between a protein and a specific DNA sequence, compared to control. protein DNA interaction abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001372 protein DNA interaction variant Variations in the selective and non-covalent physical association between a protein and a specific DNA sequence, compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Animals lack a specific protein-RNA interaction observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001373 protein RNA interaction abolished Animals lack a specific protein-RNA interaction observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 The shape and size of nuclei as well as the distribution of nucleoporins are strongly affected. pronuclear nuclear appearance abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Pna WBPhenotype:0001374 pronuclear nuclear appearance variant emb The shape and size of nuclei as well as the distribution of nucleoporins are strongly affected. WB:WBPaper00028895 WB:cab The expression of a gene product produced by DNA coded for by exogenous genetic material that has been introduced into the organism is reduced below the threshold of detection. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001375 transgene expression undetectable The expression of a gene product produced by DNA coded for by exogenous genetic material that has been introduced into the organism is reduced below the threshold of detection. WB:WBPerson557 The expression of a gene product produced by DNA coded for by exogenous genetic material that has been introduced into the organism is reduced below the threshold of detection in specific cells. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001376 transgene expression undetectable cell specific The expression of a gene product produced by DNA coded for by exogenous genetic material that has been introduced into the organism is reduced below the threshold of detection in specific cells. WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the generation of foci that mark crossover recombination events, compared to control. These foci mark the boundary of asymmetric synaptonemal complex disassembly. break induced focus formation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001377 break induced focus formation variant Variations in the generation of foci that mark crossover recombination events, compared to control. These foci mark the boundary of asymmetric synaptonemal complex disassembly. WB:WBPaper00032296 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the cell cycle process whereby replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the mitotic cell cycle compared to control animals. mitotic chromosome segregation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001378 Possible XP. mitotic chromosome segregation variant Any variation in the cell cycle process whereby replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the mitotic cell cycle compared to control animals. GO:0000070 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in their response to a specific toxic chemical compared to that observed in control animals. organism toxic chemical response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001379 organism toxic chemical response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to a specific toxic chemical compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals respond to anoxic (trace oxygen levels) stress after a shorter exposure time compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001380 anoxia hypersensitive Animals respond to anoxic (trace oxygen levels) stress after a shorter exposure time compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Animals fail to respond to trace amounts of oxygen that elicit a response in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001381 anoxia resistant Animals fail to respond to trace amounts of oxygen that elicit a response in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications), compared to control. This includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification). protein modification abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001382 protein modification variant Variations in the covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications), compared to control. This includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification). GO:0006464 WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the processes that incorporate methyl groups to one or more amino acids within a protein, compared to control. protein methylation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001383 protein methylation variant Variations in the processes that incorporate methyl groups to one or more amino acids within a protein, compared to control. GO:0006479 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit a reduction in the production of new individuals that contain some portion of their genetic material inherited from that organism as a result of defective gametes. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001384 fertility reduced Animals exhibit a reduction in the production of new individuals that contain some portion of their genetic material inherited from that organism as a result of defective gametes. GO:0000003 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Relatively unspecialized germ cells prematurely acquire the specialized properties of mature oocytes. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001385 precocious oogenesis Relatively unspecialized germ cells prematurely acquire the specialized properties of mature oocytes. WB:WBPaper00001475 WB:WBPaper00028819 WB:WBPerson2021 Any perturbation that disrupts the fusion of male and female gametes (sperm and oocyte) in adult hermaphrodites during sexual reproduction. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001386 fertilization defective hermaphrodite Any perturbation that disrupts the fusion of male and female gametes (sperm and oocyte) in adult hermaphrodites during sexual reproduction. WB:WBPerson2021 Failure of male-derived sperm to fuse with an oocyte during sexual reproduction. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001387 fertilization defect male Failure of male-derived sperm to fuse with an oocyte during sexual reproduction. WB:WBPaper00033007 WB:WBPerson2021 Organisms respond to a lower dosage of gamma rays or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001388 organism hypersensitive gamma irradiation Organisms respond to a lower dosage of gamma rays or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Cells fail to respond to the dosage of gamma irradiation that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, cells require longer exposure times to gamma irradiation to mimic the response observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001389 cell gamma ray resistant Cells fail to respond to the dosage of gamma irradiation that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, cells require longer exposure times to gamma irradiation to mimic the response observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Cells respond to a lower dosage of UV or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001390 cell UV hypersensitive Cells respond to a lower dosage of UV or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit an increase in the extent of activation of programmed cell death by exposure to the nucleic acid damaging agent, gamma irradiation, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001391 gamma ray induced apoptosis increased Animals exhibit an increase in the extent of activation of programmed cell death by exposure to the nucleic acid damaging agent, gamma irradiation, compared to control. WB:WBPerson712 Cells of the animals cease during one of its replicative phases (G1, S, G2, M). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001392 cell cycle arrest Cells of the animals cease during one of its replicative phases (G1, S, G2, M). GO:0007050 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Variations in the processes that reduce the internal pH of a cell (measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion), compared to control. cell acidification abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001393 cell acidification variant Variations in the processes that reduce the internal pH of a cell (measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion), compared to control. GO:0045851 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals lack the capacity to reduce the internal pH of a cell. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology no pumping WBPhenotype:0001394 cell acidification defective Animals lack the capacity to reduce the internal pH of a cell. GO:0045851 WB:WBPerson2021 Vacuoles accumulate in the body. A vacuole is a closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001395 body vacuole Vacuoles accumulate in the body. A vacuole is a closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. GO:0005776 WB:WBPerson557 Animals completely lack any pharyngeal pumping motion. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001396 pumping absent Animals completely lack any pharyngeal pumping motion. WB:WBPaper00001894 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit an increase in the cell death process that is morphologically characterized by a gain in cell volume (oncosis), swelling of organelles, plasma membrane rupture and subsequent loss of intracellular contents, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001397 necrotic cell death increased Animals exhibit an increase in the cell death process that is morphologically characterized by a gain in cell volume (oncosis), swelling of organelles, plasma membrane rupture and subsequent loss of intracellular contents, compared to control. GO:0070265 WB:WBPerson712 Animals display variations in the structure, organization of components, or spatial pattern of any projection stemming from a neuronal cell, compared to that observed in control animals. neurite morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001398 neurite morphology variant Animals display variations in the structure, organization of components, or spatial pattern of any projection stemming from a neuronal cell, compared to that observed in control animals. GO:0043005 WB:WBPaper00028886 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the structure, form or composition of the semipermeable lipid bilayer that creates a boundary between the interior and exterior environment for cells, cellular organelles and tissues, within an organism compared to control. cell membrane morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001399 cell membrane morphology variant Any variation in the structure, form or composition of the semipermeable lipid bilayer that creates a boundary between the interior and exterior environment for cells, cellular organelles and tissues, within an organism compared to control. GO:0005886 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the measured expression of a protein compared to that observed in control animals. level of protein expression abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001400 level of protein expression variant Animals exhibit variations in the measured expression of a protein compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 The morphological appearance of mitochondria is varied compared to control animals. mitochondria morphology abnormal mitochondria morphology variant epithelial mitochondria morphology variant muscle C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001401 mitochondria morphology variant The morphological appearance of mitochondria is varied compared to control animals. WB:cab Mitochondria are interconnected by thin tubules of mitochondrial inner or outer membrane. connected mitochodria muscle connected mitochondria epithelial C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001402 connected mitochondria Mitochondria are interconnected by thin tubules of mitochondrial inner or outer membrane. GO:0007006 WB:WBPaper00032231 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the placement of a protein, as detected by antibody staining, within in a cell or cellular compartment compared to control. antibody subcellular localization abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001403 antibody subcellular localization variant Any variation in the placement of a protein, as detected by antibody staining, within in a cell or cellular compartment compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation that results in the detection of protein expression in cells/tissues through antibody staining, that is otherwise not observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001404 ectopic expression antibody Any variation that results in the detection of protein expression in cells/tissues through antibody staining, that is otherwise not observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations that result in the accumulation of soluble/insoluble protein aggregates in a particular cell or tissue, compared to control. Protein aggregates are often formed by interactions between misfolded protein molecules and/or deficiencies in proper protein folding. protein aggregation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001405 protein aggregation variant Variations that result in the accumulation of soluble/insoluble protein aggregates in a particular cell or tissue, compared to control. Protein aggregates are often formed by interactions between misfolded protein molecules and/or deficiencies in proper protein folding. WB:WBPaper00034765 WB:WBPerson2021 Variations that result in a decrease in protein expression in male animals compared to that observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001406 protein expression reduced male Variations that result in a decrease in protein expression in male animals compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 Variations that result in a decrease in protein expression in specific cells compared to that observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001407 protein expression reduced cell specific Variations that result in a decrease in protein expression in specific cells compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the cellular or subcellular distribution of a protein compared to that observed in control animals. pattern protein expression abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001408 pattern protein expression variant Any variation in the cellular or subcellular distribution of a protein compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation that results in the cellular expression of a protein in cells/tissues, that is otherwise not observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001409 protein expression ectopic Any variation that results in the cellular expression of a protein in cells/tissues, that is otherwise not observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 Animals fail to express a given protein or class of proteins. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001410 protein expression absent Animals fail to express a given protein or class of proteins. WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit an altered display of glycosylated proteins or lipids or altered access to glycosylated moieties along their surface from that observed in control animals of the same developmental stage. In C. elegans, variations in surface accessible glycosylated species are often revealed by altered lectin-binding from that observed in control animals. Srf cuticle carbohydrate surface abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology ectopic lectin binding WBPhenotype:0001411 cuticle carbohydrate surface variant Animals exhibit an altered display of glycosylated proteins or lipids or altered access to glycosylated moieties along their surface from that observed in control animals of the same developmental stage. In C. elegans, variations in surface accessible glycosylated species are often revealed by altered lectin-binding from that observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00001576 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the organization of the longitudinal ridges on the cuticle along the length of the animal, from that observed for control animals of the same developmental stage. alae morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001412 alae morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the organization of the longitudinal ridges on the cuticle along the length of the animal, from that observed for control animals of the same developmental stage. WB:WBPaper00000465 WB:WBPaper00031415 WB:WBPerson712 Animals do not exhibit tail-swelling in response to infection by a bacterial pathogen (such as Microbacterium nematophilum) compared to control. Bus C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001413 bacterially unswollen Animals do not exhibit tail-swelling in response to infection by a bacterial pathogen (such as Microbacterium nematophilum) compared to control. WB:WBPaper00026735 WB:cab Males exhibit defects in the specific actions or reactions that are associated with reproduction. Cod C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001414 male mating defective Males exhibit defects in the specific actions or reactions that are associated with reproduction. GO:0060179 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations that result in variations in the ability of or extent to which pathogens adhere to the surface of animals, compared to control. pathogen adherence abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001415 pathogen adherence variant Animals exhibit variations that result in variations in the ability of or extent to which pathogens adhere to the surface of animals, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00026735 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:cab Pathogens are unable to adhere/colonize the surface of host animals. This defect is often associated with changes in cuticle surface properties of the host. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001416 pathogen adherence defect Pathogens are unable to adhere/colonize the surface of host animals. This defect is often associated with changes in cuticle surface properties of the host. WB:WBPaper00028877 WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the state or activity of an organism in response to extreme dryness or drought-like conditions, compared to control . organism desication response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001417 organism desiccation response variant Any variation in the state or activity of an organism in response to extreme dryness or drought-like conditions, compared to control . GO:0009819 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals respond to less severe drought-like conditions or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001418 organism hypersensitive desiccation Animals respond to less severe drought-like conditions or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 Animals respond to emetine at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001419 emetine hypersensitive Animals respond to emetine at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals can move thorough a lawn of bacterially produced biofilm without accumulating an enormous amount of biofilm on its nose. When C. elegans is exposed to certain bacteria (e.g., Y. pestis), a biofilm accumulates on a worm's head. The presence of this biofilm inhibits feeding by the worm, and thereby prevents growth. Bah C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001420 biofilm absent head Animals can move thorough a lawn of bacterially produced biofilm without accumulating an enormous amount of biofilm on its nose. When C. elegans is exposed to certain bacteria (e.g., Y. pestis), a biofilm accumulates on a worm's head. The presence of this biofilm inhibits feeding by the worm, and thereby prevents growth. WB:WBPaper00005238 WB:cab Animals exhibit variations in the directed movement of substances into, out of or mediated by the endosome, a membrane-bound organelle that trafficks material to different compartments of the cell or back to the plasma membrane for recycling compared to control. endocytic transport abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001421 endocytic transport variant Animals exhibit variations in the directed movement of substances into, out of or mediated by the endosome, a membrane-bound organelle that trafficks material to different compartments of the cell or back to the plasma membrane for recycling compared to control. GO:0016197 WB:WBPaper00031894 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit defects in the directed movement of substances into, out of or mediated by the endosome, a membrane-bound organelle that trafficks material to different compartments of the cell or back to the plasma membrane for recycling. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001422 endocytic transport defect Animals exhibit defects in the directed movement of substances into, out of or mediated by the endosome, a membrane-bound organelle that trafficks material to different compartments of the cell or back to the plasma membrane for recycling. GO:0016197 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the coelomocyte to carry out its normal functions or activities, compared to control animals. coelomocyte physiology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001423 coelomocyte physiology variant Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the coelomocyte to carry out its normal functions or activities, compared to control animals. GO:0009987 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the oocyte to carry out its normal functions or activities, compared to control animals. oocyte physiology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001424 oocyte physiology variant Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the oocyte to carry out its normal functions or activities, compared to control animals. GO:0009987 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit defects in the cell-mediated uptake of external materials via receptor activity. Receptor-mediated endocytosis ensures specificity of transport and generally occurs via clathrin-coated pits and vesicles. In C. elegans, this is often judged by the lack of yolk uptake in oocytes. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Rme WBPhenotype:0001425 Possible XP = GO:0006898. receptor mediated endocytosis defective Animals exhibit defects in the cell-mediated uptake of external materials via receptor activity. Receptor-mediated endocytosis ensures specificity of transport and generally occurs via clathrin-coated pits and vesicles. In C. elegans, this is often judged by the lack of yolk uptake in oocytes. GO:0006898 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:cab pmid:16042554 Fluid-phase endocytosis by coelomocytes is less frequent or efficient compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Cup WBPhenotype:0001426 coelomocyte endocytosis defective Fluid-phase endocytosis by coelomocytes is less frequent or efficient compared to control. WB:cab pmid:16042554 Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of any cellular contents (excluding plasma membrane and nucleus), compared to control animals. cytoplasmic appearance abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001427 cytoplasmic appearance variant Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of any cellular contents (excluding plasma membrane and nucleus), compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Vacuoles accumulate in the intestine. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001428 intestinal vacuole Vacuoles accumulate in the intestine. WB:WBPaper00004718 WB:WBPaper00031894 WB:WBPerson712 Animals accumulate an excess of vesicle-like structures in cells. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001429 granules cytoplasm Animals accumulate an excess of vesicle-like structures in cells. WB:cab pmid:17203072 Variations in the processes that are carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lysosome, compared to control. lysosome organization biogenesis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001430 Possible XP. lysosome organization biogenesis variant Variations in the processes that are carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lysosome, compared to control. GO:0007040 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Male tails fail to undergo tip retraction thereby forming a 'leptoderan' or 'pointed' adult tail. Lep male tail spike C_elegans_phenotype_ontology leptoderan tail WBPhenotype:0001431 pointed tail tip male Male tails fail to undergo tip retraction thereby forming a 'leptoderan' or 'pointed' adult tail. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Adult males exhibit a truncated tail, often without a fan or have well-developed fans but squarish, truncated back ends compared to control. In C. elegans this is due to precocious male tail tip retraction beginning in the early L3 stage (normally retraction begins in the L4 stage). Condition can be lethal if the function of the anus is affected. Ore C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001432 over retracted male tail Adult males exhibit a truncated tail, often without a fan or have well-developed fans but squarish, truncated back ends compared to control. In C. elegans this is due to precocious male tail tip retraction beginning in the early L3 stage (normally retraction begins in the L4 stage). Condition can be lethal if the function of the anus is affected. WB:cab pmid:16806150 Two or more individual cells form a syncytium (a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane) via the fusion of the plasma membranes at an earlier stage of development compared to comparable cells in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001433 precocious cell fusion Two or more individual cells form a syncytium (a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane) via the fusion of the plasma membranes at an earlier stage of development compared to comparable cells in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient compared to control. Directed movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis). chemotaxis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Che WBPhenotype:0001434 chemotaxis variant Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient compared to control. Directed movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis). GO:0006935 WB:cab Failure in directed movement in response to ammonium chloride compared to control. In C. elegans, NH4Cl is an attractant. NH4Cl has also subsequently been used to assay for Cl- attraction in C. elegans. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology chloride chemotaxis defective WBPhenotype:0001435 ammonium chloride chemotaxis defective Failure in directed movement in response to ammonium chloride compared to control. In C. elegans, NH4Cl is an attractant. NH4Cl has also subsequently been used to assay for Cl- attraction in C. elegans. WB:WBPaper00002087 WB:WBPaper00004609 WB:WBPaper00026812 chloride chemotaxis defective WB:WBPerson2021 Animals tend to initiate a response more often, compared to control, after nose-on collisions with an object. In C. elegans, animals initiate backwards movement in response to nose touch. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001436 nose touch hypersensitive Animals tend to initiate a response more often, compared to control, after nose-on collisions with an object. In C. elegans, animals initiate backwards movement in response to nose touch. WB:WBPaper00028963 WB:WBPerson557 Animals execute a response, via directed movement to octanol at a lower concentration or shorter exposure time compared to control. In C. elegans, animals avoid octanol. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001437 octanol chemotaxis hypersensitive Animals execute a response, via directed movement to octanol at a lower concentration or shorter exposure time compared to control. In C. elegans, animals avoid octanol. WB:WBPaper00028963 Animals fail to move towards attractive volatile organic molecules. In C. elegans, these compounds are sensed by the AWA and AWC neurons. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001438 odorant positive chemotaxis defective Animals fail to move towards attractive volatile organic molecules. In C. elegans, these compounds are sensed by the AWA and AWC neurons. WB:WBPerson2021 Animals fail to move towards attractive anions. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001439 anion positive chemotaxis defective Animals fail to move towards attractive anions. WB:WBPaper00002033 WB:WBPaper00028386 Animals fail to move towards attractive cations. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001440 cation positive chemotaxis defective Animals fail to move towards attractive cations. WB:WBPaper00004609 Animals fail to move towards attractive water-soluble chemicals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology water soluble positive chemotaxis abnormal WBPhenotype:0001441 aqueous positive chemotaxis defective Animals fail to move towards attractive water-soluble chemicals. WB:WBPerson2021 Failure in directed movement in response to sodium acetate. In C. elegans, sodium acetate is an attractant. Sodium acetate has also subsequently been used to assay for Na+ attraction in C. elegans. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology sodium chemotaxis defective WBPhenotype:0001442 sodium acetate chemotaxis defective Failure in directed movement in response to sodium acetate. In C. elegans, sodium acetate is an attractant. Sodium acetate has also subsequently been used to assay for Na+ attraction in C. elegans. WB:WBPaper00000650 WB:WBPaper00004609 WB:WBPaper00006394 sodium chemotaxis defective WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit variations in response to water-soluble chemicals, compared to control. aqueous chemosensory response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology water soluble chemosensory response abnormal WBPhenotype:0001443 aqueous chemosensory response variant Animals exhibit variations in response to water-soluble chemicals, compared to control. WB:cab Animals do not exhibit characteristic desensitization to a water-soluble chemo-attractive signal in a time-concentration dependent and reversible manner compared to control. aqueous adaptation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology gustatory plasticity abnormal water soluble adaptation abnormal WBPhenotype:0001444 aqueous adaptation defective Animals do not exhibit characteristic desensitization to a water-soluble chemo-attractive signal in a time-concentration dependent and reversible manner compared to control. WB:cab WB:cgc5150 Animals do not exhibit characteristic chemoattractive desensitization to sodium acetate in a time-concentration dependent and reversible manner compared to control. sodium acetate adaptation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001445 sodium acetate adaptation defective Animals do not exhibit characteristic chemoattractive desensitization to sodium acetate in a time-concentration dependent and reversible manner compared to control. WB:cab WB:cgc5150 Animals do not exhibit characteristic chemoattractive desensitization to sodium chloride in a time-concentration dependent and reversible manner compared to control. sodium chloride adaptation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001446 sodium chloride adaptation defective Animals do not exhibit characteristic chemoattractive desensitization to sodium chloride in a time-concentration dependent and reversible manner compared to control. WB:cab WB:cgc5150 Animals do not exhibit characteristic chemoattractive desensitization to ammonium chloride in a time-concentration dependent and reversible manner compared to control. ammonium chloride adaptation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001447 ammonium chloride adaptation defective Animals do not exhibit characteristic chemoattractive desensitization to ammonium chloride in a time-concentration dependent and reversible manner compared to control. WB:cab WB:cgc5150 Animals fail to move away from repellant volatile organic chemicals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology volatile negative chemotaxis defective WBPhenotype:0001448 odorant negative chemotaxis defective Animals fail to move away from repellant volatile organic chemicals. WB:WBPerson2021 Animals fail to move away from repellent water soluble chemicals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology water soluble chemotaxis defective WBPhenotype:0001449 aqueous negative chemotaxis defective Animals fail to move away from repellent water soluble chemicals. WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit variations through directed movement, in response to repellant water soluble chemicals, compared to control. aqueous negative chemotaxis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology water soluble chemotaxis abnormal WBPhenotype:0001450 aqueous negative chemotaxis variant Animals exhibit variations through directed movement, in response to repellant water soluble chemicals, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00006481 Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of garlic compared to control. In C. elegans, garlic is typically a repellant. garlic chemotaxis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001451 garlic chemotaxis variant Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of garlic compared to control. In C. elegans, garlic is typically a repellant. WB:WBPaper00002135 WB:WBPaper00006481 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of octanol. In C. elegans, octanol is typically a repellant. octanol chemotaxis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001452 octanol chemotaxis variant Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of octanol. In C. elegans, octanol is typically a repellant. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in their avoidance response to high concentrations of sodium chloride solution compared to control. high sodium chloride concentration osmotic avoidance abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001453 high sodium chloride concentration osmotic avoidance variant Animals exhibit variations in their avoidance response to high concentrations of sodium chloride solution compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of the bitter tastant quinine, a water soluble molecule. In C. elegans, quinine is typically a repellant. quinine chemotaxis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001454 quinine chemotaxis variant Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of the bitter tastant quinine, a water soluble molecule. In C. elegans, quinine is typically a repellant. WB:WBPaper00002135 WB:WBPaper00027118 WB:WBPaper00035961 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations through directed movement, in response to repellant volatile organic chemicals, compared to control. odorant negative chemotaxis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology volatile negative chemotaxis abnormal WBPhenotype:0001455 odorant negative chemotaxis variant Animals exhibit variations through directed movement, in response to repellant volatile organic chemicals, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00001786 Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of nonanone. In C. elegans, nonanone is typically a repellant. nonanone chemotaxis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001456 nonanone chemotaxis variant Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of nonanone. In C. elegans, nonanone is typically a repellant. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of bromide. In C. elegans, bromide is typically an attractant. bromide chemotaxis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001457 bromide chemotaxis variant Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of bromide. In C. elegans, bromide is typically an attractant. WB:WBPaper00000387 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of chloride. chloride chemotaxis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology ammonium chloride chemotaxis abnormal WBPhenotype:0001458 chloride chemotaxis variant Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of chloride. WB:WBPaper00000387 ammonium chloride chemotaxis abnormal WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of iodide. iodide chemotaxis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001459 iodide chemotaxis variant Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of iodide. WB:WBPaper00000387 Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of ammonium chloride. In C. elegans, at specific concentrations, ammonium chloride is an attractant. NH4Cl has also been used to assay for Cl- attraction. ammonium chloride chemotaxis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology chloride chemotaxis abnormal WBPhenotype:0001460 ammonium chloride chemotaxis variant Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of ammonium chloride. In C. elegans, at specific concentrations, ammonium chloride is an attractant. NH4Cl has also been used to assay for Cl- attraction. WB:WBPaper00000387 WB:WBPaper00004609 WB:WBPaper00026812 chloride chemotaxis abnormal WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of sodium acetate. In C. elegans, at specific concentrations, sodium acetate is an attractant. Sodium acetate has also been used to assay for Na+ attraction. sodium acetate chemotaxis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology sodium chemotaxis abnormal WBPhenotype:0001461 sodium acetate chemotaxis variant Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of sodium acetate. In C. elegans, at specific concentrations, sodium acetate is an attractant. Sodium acetate has also been used to assay for Na+ attraction. WB:WBPaper00000387 WB:WBPaper00000650 WB:WBPaper00004609) sodium chemotaxis abnormal WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of sodium chloride. In C. elegans, at specific concentrations, sodium chloride is an attractant. sodium chloride chemotaxis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001462 sodium chloride chemotaxis variant Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of sodium chloride. In C. elegans, at specific concentrations, sodium chloride is an attractant. WB:WBPaper00000387 Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of cAMP. cAMP chemotaxis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001463 cAMP chemotaxis variant Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of cAMP. GO:0043327 WB:WBPaper00000387 Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of cGMP. cGMP chemotaxis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001464 cGMP chemotaxis variant Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of cGMP. WB:WBPaper00000387 Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of acetone. In C. elegans, at specific concentrations, acetone is an attractant. acetone chemotaxis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001465 acetone chemotaxis variant Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of acetone. In C. elegans, at specific concentrations, acetone is an attractant. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the directed movement of an animal in response to a volatile chemical stimulus that is usually received and processed by the AWA sensory neuron in control animals. AWA odorant chemotaxis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology AWA volatile chemotaxis abnormal WBPhenotype:0001466 AWA odorant chemotaxis variant Any variation in the directed movement of an animal in response to a volatile chemical stimulus that is usually received and processed by the AWA sensory neuron in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the directed movement of an animal in response to a volatile chemical stimulus that is usually received and processed by the AWC sensory neuron in control animals. AWC odorant chemotaxis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology AWC volatile chemotaxis abnormal WBPhenotype:0001467 AWC odorant chemotaxis variant Any variation in the directed movement of an animal in response to a volatile chemical stimulus that is usually received and processed by the AWC sensory neuron in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of benzaldehyde. In C. elegans, at specific concentrations, benzaldehyde is an attractant. benzaldehyde chemotaxis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001468 benzaldehyde chemotaxis variant Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of benzaldehyde. In C. elegans, at specific concentrations, benzaldehyde is an attractant. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of butanone. In C. elegans, at specific concentrations, butanone is an attractant. butanone chemotaxis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001469 butanone chemotaxis variant Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of butanone. In C. elegans, at specific concentrations, butanone is an attractant. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of diacetyl. In C. elegans, at specific concentrations, diacetyl is an attractant. diacetyl chemotaxis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001470 diacetyl chemotaxis variant Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of diacetyl. In C. elegans, at specific concentrations, diacetyl is an attractant. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of hexanol. In C. elegans, at specific concentrations, hexanol is an attractant. hexanol chemotaxis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001471 hexanol chemotaxis variant Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of hexanol. In C. elegans, at specific concentrations, hexanol is an attractant. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of isoamyl alcohol. In C. elegans, at specific concentrations, isoamyl alcohol is an attractant. isoamyl alcohol chemotaxis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001472 isoamyl alcohol chemotaxis variant Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of isoamyl alcohol. In C. elegans, at specific concentrations, isoamyl alcohol is an attractant. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of pentanol. In C. elegans, at specific concentrations, pentanol is an attractant. pentanol chemotaxis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001473 pentanol chemotaxis variant Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of pentanol. In C. elegans, at specific concentrations, pentanol is an attractant. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of pyrazine. In C. elegans, at specific concentrations, pyrazine is an attractant. pyrazine chemotaxis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001474 pyrazine chemotaxis variant Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of pyrazine. In C. elegans, at specific concentrations, pyrazine is an attractant. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of trimethylthiazole. In C. elegans, at specific concentrations, trimethylthiazole is an attractant. trimethylthiazole chemotaxis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001475 trimethylthiazole chemotaxis variant Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of trimethylthiazole. In C. elegans, at specific concentrations, trimethylthiazole is an attractant. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the defecation motor program that involves the contraction of the anterior body wall muscles compared to control. anterior body contraction abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001476 anterior body contraction variant Any variation in the defecation motor program that involves the contraction of the anterior body wall muscles compared to control. WB:WBPaper00001937 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules from the cell body toward the cell periphery in nerve cell axons, compared to control. anterograde transport abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001477 anterograde transport variant Any variation in the directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules from the cell body toward the cell periphery in nerve cell axons, compared to control. GO:0008089 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the elongation of embryonic epidermal cells compared to control. In C. elegans, this elongation occurs along an anterior-posterior axis, which is required to transform the bean-shaped embryo into the elongated shape of the worm. body elongation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001478 body elongation variant Any variation in the elongation of embryonic epidermal cells compared to control. In C. elegans, this elongation occurs along an anterior-posterior axis, which is required to transform the bean-shaped embryo into the elongated shape of the worm. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in any of a series of events in which a pheromone stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal that induces dauer formation in control animals. dauer pheromone sensation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001479 dauer pheromone sensation variant Animals exhibit variations in any of a series of events in which a pheromone stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal that induces dauer formation in control animals. GO:0043695 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the rhythmic relaxations of the a highly specialized cuticle region of the pharynx inside the lumen of the second bulb, compared to control (Wormatlas). grinder relaxation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001480 grinder relaxation variant Variations in the rhythmic relaxations of the a highly specialized cuticle region of the pharynx inside the lumen of the second bulb, compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The number of body thrashes within an aqueous environment in a given period of time is increased, compared with control worms. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001481 thrashing increased The number of body thrashes within an aqueous environment in a given period of time is increased, compared with control worms. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit a reduction in the frequency of oscillations between adjacent body segments from that observed for control animals. WBPhenotype:0002330 bending frequency reduced frequency of sinusoidal movement reduced temporal frequency of sinusoidal movement decreased C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001482 frequency body bend reduced Animals exhibit a reduction in the frequency of oscillations between adjacent body segments from that observed for control animals. WB:WBPaper00024949 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 The eggs being deposited by adults are of a later developmental stage, compared to control. In C. elegans, this is likely to be a consequence of delayed active egg-laying periods. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001483 late stage egg laid The eggs being deposited by adults are of a later developmental stage, compared to control. In C. elegans, this is likely to be a consequence of delayed active egg-laying periods. WB:WBPaper00004310 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals fail to execute directed movement in response to ammonium acetate. In C. elegans, ammonium acetate is an attractant. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001484 ammonium acetate chemotaxis defective Animals fail to execute directed movement in response to ammonium acetate. In C. elegans, ammonium acetate is an attractant. WB:WBPaper00004136 Animals exhibit variations in their response to the presence of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or to other ER-related stressors compared to control. ER stress response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology endoplasmic reticulum stress response abnormal WBPhenotype:0001485 ER stress response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to the presence of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or to other ER-related stressors compared to control. GO:0030968 Animals accumulate unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and or the mitochondria. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001486 unfolded protein accumulation Animals accumulate unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and or the mitochondria. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the development of the male elongated sclerotized structures covered by a hardened layer of cuticle in the tail (which are actively everted during copulation to fasten the male copulatory fan to the vulva) compared to control. male spicule development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001487 male spicule development variant Animals exhibit variations in the development of the male elongated sclerotized structures covered by a hardened layer of cuticle in the tail (which are actively everted during copulation to fasten the male copulatory fan to the vulva) compared to control. WB:WBPerson363 WB:cab Animals exhibit variations in the development of the sclerotic cuticle that forms the roof of the proctodeum (gubernaculum) compared to control. gubernaculum development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001488 gubernaculum development variant Animals exhibit variations in the development of the sclerotic cuticle that forms the roof of the proctodeum (gubernaculum) compared to control. WB:WBPerson363 WB:cab Animals exhibit variations in the structure or composition of the sclerotic cuticle that forms the roof of the proctodeum, from that observed in control animals. gubernaculum morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001489 gubernaculum morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the structure or composition of the sclerotic cuticle that forms the roof of the proctodeum, from that observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00027278 WB:WBPerson363 WB:WBPerson712 WB:cab OBSOLETE. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001490 obsolete posterior region morphology abnormal true OBSOLETE. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001491 obsolete anterior region morphology abnormal true Animals lack a properly developed posterior region compared to control. In C. elegans, mutants exhibit a severely deformed posterior region with a variable knob-like shape; accompanied by arrest at about the time of hatching with fairly normal pharyngeal and anterior development. Most mutants arrest as L1 larvae, and 5% do not hatch. Nob C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001492 no back end Animals lack a properly developed posterior region compared to control. In C. elegans, mutants exhibit a severely deformed posterior region with a variable knob-like shape; accompanied by arrest at about the time of hatching with fairly normal pharyngeal and anterior development. Most mutants arrest as L1 larvae, and 5% do not hatch. WB:cab WB:cgc4499 VPCs (vulval precursor cells) divide at an earlier stage of development compared to control animals; in C. elegans, VPCs divide in the mid-L3 stage to generate the 22 cells that comprise the vulva. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001493 VPC cell division precocious VPCs (vulval precursor cells) divide at an earlier stage of development compared to control animals; in C. elegans, VPCs divide in the mid-L3 stage to generate the 22 cells that comprise the vulva. WB:cab pmid:16300753 DTCs migrate at an earlier stage of development, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001494 distal tip cell migration precocious DTCs migrate at an earlier stage of development, compared to control. WB:cab pmid:16300753 Cells divide at an earlier stage of development compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001495 cell division precocious Cells divide at an earlier stage of development compared to control animals. WB:cab Cells exhibit variations in the process whereby a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase, compared to control. Metaphase is the second stage of chromosome segregation in the cell cycle where chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell and anaphase is the stage where sister chromatids (or homologous chromosomes) separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle. WBPhenotype:0001214 metaphase to anaphase transition fails C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Mat WBPhenotype:0001496 metaphase to anaphase transition defect Cells exhibit variations in the process whereby a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase, compared to control. Metaphase is the second stage of chromosome segregation in the cell cycle where chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell and anaphase is the stage where sister chromatids (or homologous chromosomes) separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle. GO:0007091 WB:WBPerson712 Cells exhibit variations in the process whereby a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, compared to control. Metaphase is the second stage of chromosome segregation in the cell cycle where chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell and anaphase is the stage where sister chromatids separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001497 mitotic metaphase to anaphase transition defect Cells exhibit variations in the process whereby a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, compared to control. Metaphase is the second stage of chromosome segregation in the cell cycle where chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell and anaphase is the stage where sister chromatids separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle. GO:0007091 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the pseudopod of the sperm to carry out its normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. sperm pseudopod physiology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001498 sperm pseudopod physiology variant Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the pseudopod of the sperm to carry out its normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to stimuli, compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the process by which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during the meiotic cell cycle, compared to control. meiotic chromosome segregation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001499 Possible XP. meiotic chromosome segregation variant Variations in the process by which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during the meiotic cell cycle, compared to control. GO:0045132 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of pentanedione. pentanedione chemotaxis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001500 pentanedione chemotaxis variant Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific concentration gradient of pentanedione. WB:cab WB:cgc2931 Animals fail to discriminate between distinct odorants. odorant discrimination abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001501 odorant discrimination defective Animals fail to discriminate between distinct odorants. WB:cab Animals fail to respond to the concentration of a specific chemical that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001502 chemical resistant Animals fail to respond to the concentration of a specific chemical that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the mechanisms used to ensure that axons in the ventral nerve cord maintain their correct positioning after termination of axonal outgrowth and target recognition compared to control. ventral nerve cord maintenance abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001503 ventral nerve cord maintenance variant Any variation in the mechanisms used to ensure that axons in the ventral nerve cord maintain their correct positioning after termination of axonal outgrowth and target recognition compared to control. WB:WBPaper00005064 WB:WBPerson557 Sterility caused by aberrant maternal components required for normal postembryonic development and/or function of the germ line. Mes C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001504 maternal effect sterile Sterility caused by aberrant maternal components required for normal postembryonic development and/or function of the germ line. WB:WBPaper00001477 Any variation in the processes that govern spontaneous backward locomotion compared to control. spontaneous reversal abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001505 spontaneous reversal variant Any variation in the processes that govern spontaneous backward locomotion compared to control. WB:WBPaper00001311 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the processes that govern the rate at which spontaneous backward locomotion is initiated compared to control. spontaneous reversal rate abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001506 spontaneous reversal rate variant Any variation in the processes that govern the rate at which spontaneous backward locomotion is initiated compared to control. WB:WBPaper00001311 WB:WBPaper00026650 WB:WBPerson557 Animals fail to be affected by toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt toxins) in the same manner as control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001507 Bacillus thuringiensis toxin resistant Animals fail to be affected by toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt toxins) in the same manner as control animals. GO:0042493 WB:WBPaper00004264 WB:WBPaper00004776 WB:WBPerson557 Any perturbation that disrupts the fusion between the anchor cell and the surrounding utse syncytium. Such variations result in the loss of uterine-vulval connectivity and continuity. anchor cell fusion abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001508 anchor cell fusion defective Any perturbation that disrupts the fusion between the anchor cell and the surrounding utse syncytium. Such variations result in the loss of uterine-vulval connectivity and continuity. WB:WBPaper00029363 WB:WBPerson2021 Any of the finger-like sensory sensilla that project from the tail and embed in the male fan are absent. WBPhenotype:0000407 ray loss C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001509 rays missing Any of the finger-like sensory sensilla that project from the tail and embed in the male fan are absent. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the processes that govern acquisition of neuronal cell fates compared to control. neuronal cell fate specification abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001510 neuronal cell fate specification variant Any variation in the processes that govern acquisition of neuronal cell fates compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the stereotypical migration pattern of the linker cell in a developing male compared to control. linker cell migration abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001511 linker cell migration variant Variations in the stereotypical migration pattern of the linker cell in a developing male compared to control. WB:WBPaper00028966 WB:WBPerson2021 Bilaterally symmetric cell fail to acquire specific left-right asymmetric properties such as L/R specific cell position, cell death or gene expression. Lsy C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001512 loss of left right asymmetry Bilaterally symmetric cell fail to acquire specific left-right asymmetric properties such as L/R specific cell position, cell death or gene expression. WB:WBPaper00037739 WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the process of secretion of a class of membrane-bound vesicles found inside neurons, gland cells, and some epithelial cells in which the central core appears darkly stained when viewed in thin section by electron microscopy, compared to control. Exocytosis occurs via the fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane of a cell (Wormatlas). dense core vesicle exocytosis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001513 dense core vesicle exocytosis variant Variations in the process of secretion of a class of membrane-bound vesicles found inside neurons, gland cells, and some epithelial cells in which the central core appears darkly stained when viewed in thin section by electron microscopy, compared to control. Exocytosis occurs via the fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane of a cell (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the uptake of a small membrane-bound organelle, filled with neurotransmitter(s) and/or neuropeptides, by the invagination of small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle compared to control(Wormatlas). synaptic vesicle endocytosis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001514 synaptic vesicle endocytosis variant Variations in the uptake of a small membrane-bound organelle, filled with neurotransmitter(s) and/or neuropeptides, by the invagination of small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle compared to control(Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the quantity or patterning of electron-dense columnar structures that join the basal and cortical cuticle layers, from that observed in control animals. struts abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001515 struts variant Animals exhibit variations in the quantity or patterning of electron-dense columnar structures that join the basal and cortical cuticle layers, from that observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00000465 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit a helically twisted cuticle. In practice the degree of twisting is measured as the number of helical twists the alae make about anterior/posterior axis of the animal. cuticle helicity abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001516 helical cuticle Animals exhibit a helically twisted cuticle. In practice the degree of twisting is measured as the number of helical twists the alae make about anterior/posterior axis of the animal. WB:WBPaper00000465 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the circumferential pattern of ridges in the outer cortical layer of the cuticle, compared to that observed in control animals of the same developmental stage. annulae morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001517 annulae morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the circumferential pattern of ridges in the outer cortical layer of the cuticle, compared to that observed in control animals of the same developmental stage. WB:WBPaper00000465 WB:WBPaper00031415 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the levels and/or localization of biogenic amines compared to control animals. FIF biogenic amine physiology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Formaldehyde induced fluorescence abnormal WBPhenotype:0001518 biogenic amine physiology variant Any variation in the levels and/or localization of biogenic amines compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00000365 Any variation in the orderly movement of cells along the posterior axis of the animal (abolished, misdirected or incomplete) compared to control. abnormal posterior cell migration C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001519 posterior cell migration variant Any variation in the orderly movement of cells along the posterior axis of the animal (abolished, misdirected or incomplete) compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the orderly movement of neurons along the posterior axis of the animal(abolished, misdirected or incomplete) compared to control. abnormal posterior neuron migration C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001520 posterior neuron migration variant Any variation in the orderly movement of neurons along the posterior axis of the animal(abolished, misdirected or incomplete) compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Embryos retract after the embryonic elongation process. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001521 body elongation retracted Embryos retract after the embryonic elongation process. WB:WBPerson557 The elongated sclerotized structures covered by a hardened layer of cuticle in the male tail (which are actively everted during copulation to fasten the male copulatory fan to the vulva) constitutively extend into the external environment through the cloacal opening. In C. elegans males there are two copulatory spicules. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001522 spicules protrude The elongated sclerotized structures covered by a hardened layer of cuticle in the male tail (which are actively everted during copulation to fasten the male copulatory fan to the vulva) constitutively extend into the external environment through the cloacal opening. In C. elegans males there are two copulatory spicules. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the makeup, density or area of the ECM compared to control. extracellular matrix abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001523 extracellular matrix variant Any variation in the makeup, density or area of the ECM compared to control. WB:WBPerson712 Exhibition of quiescent behavior under inappropriate conditions and improper recovery from quiescent state. Quiescent behavior is normally coupled with lethargus. quiescence abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology narcoleptic WBPhenotype:0001524 quiescence variant Exhibition of quiescent behavior under inappropriate conditions and improper recovery from quiescent state. Quiescent behavior is normally coupled with lethargus. WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit variations in the structure or organization of the posterior region of the pharynx compared to control. terminal bulb morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001525 terminal bulb morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the structure or organization of the posterior region of the pharynx compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit variations in the structure or organization of any one of the specialized sensory receptor cells of the nervous system that compared to control animals. In C. elegans, these specialized cells are characterized as having axoneme containing dendritic projections emanating from their cell body. ciliated neuron morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001526 WBbt:0006816. ciliated neuron morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the structure or organization of any one of the specialized sensory receptor cells of the nervous system that compared to control animals. In C. elegans, these specialized cells are characterized as having axoneme containing dendritic projections emanating from their cell body. WB:WBPaper00000503 WB:WBPaper00029016 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of any component of any specialized chemosensory organs located on the head or along the tail, compared to that observed in control animals. amphid phasmid sensillum morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001527 WBbt:0005391. amphid phasmid sensillum morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of any component of any specialized chemosensory organs located on the head or along the tail, compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of any component of the sensillum channel including the sheath and or socket cells, their junctions with each other, channel neurons or surrounding epithelia compared to control. sensillum accessory cell morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001528 sensillum accessory cell morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of any component of the sensillum channel including the sheath and or socket cells, their junctions with each other, channel neurons or surrounding epithelia compared to control. WB:WBPaper00000932 WB:WBPerson712 OBSOLETE: Any variation in the form, structure or composition of an interfacial epithelial cell which forms a specialized environment surrounding the ciliated sensory ending(s) of one or more neurons and is often accompanied by a more distal socket cell compared to control (Wormatlas). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001529 obsolete sensilium sheath cell variant true OBSOLETE: Any variation in the form, structure or composition of an interfacial epithelial cell which forms a specialized environment surrounding the ciliated sensory ending(s) of one or more neurons and is often accompanied by a more distal socket cell compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of any component of a specialized sensory organ in the head that contains a CEP receptor neuron, compared to control. In C. elegans, cells in these organs are refractory to FITC dye uptake. cephalic sensillum morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001530 WBbt:0006920. cephalic sensillum morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of any component of a specialized sensory organ in the head that contains a CEP receptor neuron, compared to control. In C. elegans, cells in these organs are refractory to FITC dye uptake. WB:WBPaper00000214 WB:WBPaper00000503 WB:WBPaper00000932 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of the sensilla of the mouth compared to control. In C. elegans, these sensillum are arranged in two (inner and outer) concentric rings around the mouth. labial sensillum morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001531 labial sensillum morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of the sensilla of the mouth compared to control. In C. elegans, these sensillum are arranged in two (inner and outer) concentric rings around the mouth. WB:WBPaper00000214 WB:WBPaper00000938 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of the components of the inner labial ring compared to control. In C. elegans, the ring is composed of six sensilla, which include associated neurons IL1 & IL2. inner labial morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001532 inner labial morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of the components of the inner labial ring compared to control. In C. elegans, the ring is composed of six sensilla, which include associated neurons IL1 & IL2. WB:WBPaper00000938 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of the components of the outer labial ring compared to control. In C. elegans, this ring consists of four sensilla (OLQ) or the two additional lateral sensilla (OLL), which are part of the labial sensillum. outer labial morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001533 outer labial morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of the components of the outer labial ring compared to control. In C. elegans, this ring consists of four sensilla (OLQ) or the two additional lateral sensilla (OLL), which are part of the labial sensillum. WB:WBPaper00000938 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in makeup, density or area of the ECM lending structure to neurons compared to control animals. In C. elegans, the neuronal ECM is sometimes referred to as a mantle. neuronal ECM abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001534 neuronal ECM variant Any variation in makeup, density or area of the ECM lending structure to neurons compared to control animals. In C. elegans, the neuronal ECM is sometimes referred to as a mantle. WB:WBPaper00000502 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of the components of the sensilla situated laterally in the anterior (ADE) or the posterior (PDE) of the animal compared to control. In C. elegans, each of the 4 deirid sensilla (2ADE, 2 PDE) contains a pair of neurons with ciliated dendritic processes that lie in a channel formed by a socket cell and invaginated sheath cell. The cilia of the deirids terminate in the subcuticle and are not exposed to the outside; however occasionally take up FITC. deirid sensillum morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001535 deirid sensillum morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of the components of the sensilla situated laterally in the anterior (ADE) or the posterior (PDE) of the animal compared to control. In C. elegans, each of the 4 deirid sensilla (2ADE, 2 PDE) contains a pair of neurons with ciliated dendritic processes that lie in a channel formed by a socket cell and invaginated sheath cell. The cilia of the deirids terminate in the subcuticle and are not exposed to the outside; however occasionally take up FITC. WB:WBPaper00000938 WB:WBPaper00029016 WB:WBPerson712 Embryos exhibit variations in the patterning of differentiated cell types, compared to control. embryonic cell patterning abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001536 embryonic cell patterning variant Embryos exhibit variations in the patterning of differentiated cell types, compared to control. WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the ability of cells to monitor the quality of their mRNAs and degrade any transcripts that are poorly or incompletely translated compared to control. mRNA turnover abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001537 mRNA surveillance variant Any variation in the ability of cells to monitor the quality of their mRNAs and degrade any transcripts that are poorly or incompletely translated compared to control. WB:WBPaper00004926 Defects in the cellular machinery that targets aberrant mRNAs species (nonsense codons, splice errors, altered untranslated regions etc.) for degradation. In C. elegans, mutations in such loci often act as allele-specific non gene-specific recessive suppressors of certain allele phenotypes and cause abnormal morphogenesis of male and hermaphrodite genitalia. Smg C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001538 mRNA surveillance defective Defects in the cellular machinery that targets aberrant mRNAs species (nonsense codons, splice errors, altered untranslated regions etc.) for degradation. In C. elegans, mutations in such loci often act as allele-specific non gene-specific recessive suppressors of certain allele phenotypes and cause abnormal morphogenesis of male and hermaphrodite genitalia. WB:WBPaper00001192 WB:WBPaper00004926 Animals exhibit variations in the entry into the dauer stage when exposed to conditions that induce dauer formation in control animals. dauer induction abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001539 dauer induction variant Animals exhibit variations in the entry into the dauer stage when exposed to conditions that induce dauer formation in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The life span of dauer-staged animals is either longer or shorter than that observed in control dauer animals. dauer lifespan abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001540 dauer lifespan variant The life span of dauer-staged animals is either longer or shorter than that observed in control dauer animals. WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the execution of the developmentally-regulated cell cycle arrest in the gonad during the dauer stage, compared to control. dauer gonad arrest abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001541 dauer gonad arrest variant Variations in the execution of the developmentally-regulated cell cycle arrest in the gonad during the dauer stage, compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the inhibition of feeding which is induced/occurs during the dauer stage compared to control. dauer feeding suppressed abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001542 dauer feeding suppressed variant Any variation in the inhibition of feeding which is induced/occurs during the dauer stage compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Dauer stage animals exhibit a decrease in self-propelled movement on a solid medium compared to control animals. dauer reduced locomotion abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001543 dauer reduced locomotion variant Dauer stage animals exhibit a decrease in self-propelled movement on a solid medium compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the state or activity of a dauer stage organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus, compared to control. dauer sensory response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001544 dauer sensory response variant Variations in the state or activity of a dauer stage organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus, compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the overall structure or appearance of an animal progressing through an alternative larval stage in response to environmental stresses compared to control animals. dauer body morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001545 dauer body morphology variant Any variation in the overall structure or appearance of an animal progressing through an alternative larval stage in response to environmental stresses compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations which lead to the decreased ability of dauer larva to survive at extreme conditions, such as high or low temperatures, the presence of dilute acids, detergents, anesthetics, or even fixatives, compared to control (Wormatlas). dauer resistance to harsh conditions abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001546 dauer resistance to harsh conditions variant Variations which lead to the decreased ability of dauer larva to survive at extreme conditions, such as high or low temperatures, the presence of dilute acids, detergents, anesthetics, or even fixatives, compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the chemical reactions and pathways that occur during the dauer life stage, compared to control. dauer metabolism abnormal dauer metabolism variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001547 dauer metabolism phenotype Animals exhibit variations in the chemical reactions and pathways that occur during the dauer life stage, compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the ratio of the body length to body width in a dauer stage animal, compared to control. Long thin animals will have a high axial ratio. dauer axial ratio abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001548 dauer axial ratio variant Any variation in the ratio of the body length to body width in a dauer stage animal, compared to control. Long thin animals will have a high axial ratio. WB:WBPerson557 Dauer stage animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of the chain of cuboidal cells which form a central lumen lined by microvilli that allow the passage of food, compared to control. Food passes from the posterior pharynx to the intestine where it is digested and then on to the rectum which processes the waste products for excretion. dauer gut abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001549 dauer gut variant Dauer stage animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of the chain of cuboidal cells which form a central lumen lined by microvilli that allow the passage of food, compared to control. Food passes from the posterior pharynx to the intestine where it is digested and then on to the rectum which processes the waste products for excretion. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the form or composition of the cuticle-lined lumenal region which lies just behind the lips at the entrance to the pharyngeal lumen in dauer stage animals compared to control (Wormatlas). dauer buccal cavity morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001550 dauer buccal cavity morphology variant Variations in the form or composition of the cuticle-lined lumenal region which lies just behind the lips at the entrance to the pharyngeal lumen in dauer stage animals compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the progression of the formation of the rigid external coating (which is secreted by the hypodermis, seam and some interfacial epithelial cells) during the dauer larva stage, compared to control animals (Wormatlas). The dauer larval stage is a developmentally arrested larval stage that is specialized for survival under harsh, or otherwise unfavorable environmental conditions. dauer cuticle abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001551 dauer cuticle variant Any variation in the progression of the formation of the rigid external coating (which is secreted by the hypodermis, seam and some interfacial epithelial cells) during the dauer larva stage, compared to control animals (Wormatlas). The dauer larval stage is a developmentally arrested larval stage that is specialized for survival under harsh, or otherwise unfavorable environmental conditions. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the form or composition of the mouthparts at the anterior end of the digestive tract during the dauer stage, compared to control. dauer pharynx morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001552 dauer pharynx morphology variant Variations in the form or composition of the mouthparts at the anterior end of the digestive tract during the dauer stage, compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Dauer stage animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of a pair of large cells in the head that fuse to form a single gland whose contents are released into the excretory duct through a specialized secretory membrane, compared to control (Wormatlas). dauer excretory gland abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001553 dauer excretory gland variant Dauer stage animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of a pair of large cells in the head that fuse to form a single gland whose contents are released into the excretory duct through a specialized secretory membrane, compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Dauer stage animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of any portion of the extreme anterior part of their body compared to control. dauer nose morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001554 dauer nose morphology variant Dauer stage animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of any portion of the extreme anterior part of their body compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variations in the form, structure or composition of a set of interacting or interdependent entities forming the dauer sensory system, compared to control. The dauer sensory system is used to perceive the physical and chemical environment during the dauer larval stage. dauer sensory system morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001555 dauer sensory system morphology variant Any variations in the form, structure or composition of a set of interacting or interdependent entities forming the dauer sensory system, compared to control. The dauer sensory system is used to perceive the physical and chemical environment during the dauer larval stage. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Dauer stage animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of the components of the sense organs comprised of ciliated sensory nerve endings enveloped by sheath and/or socket cells, from that observed in control animals. dauer sensillum abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001556 dauer sensillum variant Dauer stage animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of the components of the sense organs comprised of ciliated sensory nerve endings enveloped by sheath and/or socket cells, from that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Dauer stage animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of the sensilla of the mouth compared to control. In C. elegans, these sensillum are arranged in two (inner and outer) concentric rings around the mouth. dauer labial sensillum abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001557 dauer labial sensillum variant Dauer stage animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of the sensilla of the mouth compared to control. In C. elegans, these sensillum are arranged in two (inner and outer) concentric rings around the mouth. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Dauer stage animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of any component of any specialized chemosensory organs located on the head, compared to that observed in control animals. dauer amphid sensillum abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001558 dauer amphid sensillum variant Dauer stage animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of any component of any specialized chemosensory organs located on the head, compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Dauer stage animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of the components of the sensilla situated laterally in the anterior (ADE) or the posterior (PDE) of the animal compared to control. In C. elegans, each of the 4 deirid sensilla (2ADE, 2 PDE) contains a pair of neurons with ciliated dendritic processes that lie in a channel formed by a socket cell and invaginated sheath cell. The cilia of the deirids terminate in the subcuticle and are not exposed to the outside; however occasionally take up FITC. dauer deirid sensillum abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001559 dauer deirid sensillum variant Dauer stage animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of the components of the sensilla situated laterally in the anterior (ADE) or the posterior (PDE) of the animal compared to control. In C. elegans, each of the 4 deirid sensilla (2ADE, 2 PDE) contains a pair of neurons with ciliated dendritic processes that lie in a channel formed by a socket cell and invaginated sheath cell. The cilia of the deirids terminate in the subcuticle and are not exposed to the outside; however occasionally take up FITC. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 OBSOLETE. dauer sensory system plug abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001560 obsolete dauer sensory system plug variant true OBSOLETE. WB:WBPerson557 Dauer stage animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of the components of the inner labial ring compared to control. In C. elegans, the ring is composed of six sensilla, which include associated neurons IL1 & IL2. dauer inner labial sensillum abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001561 dauer inner labial sensillum variant Dauer stage animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of the components of the inner labial ring compared to control. In C. elegans, the ring is composed of six sensilla, which include associated neurons IL1 & IL2. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Dauer stage animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of the components of the outer labial ring compared to control. In C. elegans, this ring consists of four sensilla (OLQ) or the two additional lateral sensilla (OLL), which are part of the labial sensillum. dauer outer labial sensillum abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001562 dauer outer labial sensillum variant Dauer stage animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of the components of the outer labial ring compared to control. In C. elegans, this ring consists of four sensilla (OLQ) or the two additional lateral sensilla (OLL), which are part of the labial sensillum. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Dauer stage animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of any component of a specialized sensory organ in the head that contains a CEP receptor neuron, compared to control. In C. elegans, cells in these organs are refractory to FITC dye uptake. dauer cephalic sensillum abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001563 dauer cephalic sensillum variant Dauer stage animals exhibit variations in the quantity, structure or organization of any component of a specialized sensory organ in the head that contains a CEP receptor neuron, compared to control. In C. elegans, cells in these organs are refractory to FITC dye uptake. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The window of production of self-fertilized eggs exceeds or does not extend to the same length as control. duration of self fertility abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001564 duration of self fertility variant The window of production of self-fertilized eggs exceeds or does not extend to the same length as control. WB:WBPaper00002419 WB:WBPerson712 Failure to execute characteristic response to lysine as defined by control animals. In C. elegans, lysine is an attractant. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001565 lysine chemotaxis defective Failure to execute characteristic response to lysine as defined by control animals. In C. elegans, lysine is an attractant. WB:WBPaper00001481 WB:WBPaper00001786 WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the process that regulates the migration of ventral epidermal cells toward the ventral midline (to encase underlying cells in an epithelial monolayer) in developing embryos compared to control. ventral enclosure abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001566 ventral enclosure variant Any variation in the process that regulates the migration of ventral epidermal cells toward the ventral midline (to encase underlying cells in an epithelial monolayer) in developing embryos compared to control. WB:WBPaper00027244 WB:WBPerson2021 Nuclei of specific cells are larger compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001567 nuclei enlarged Nuclei of specific cells are larger compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the export of mRNA from the cell nucleus compared to control. mRNA export abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001568 mRNA export variant Any variation in the export of mRNA from the cell nucleus compared to control. WB:WBPaper00005960 The characteristic organization of myosin filaments into discrete A-bands within the muscle cells is disrupted. In C. elegans, myosin filaments no longer appear as continuous longitudinally oriented fibers across the muscle quadrants. body wall muscle myosin organization abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Dim body wall muscle thick myofilament organization abnormal WBPhenotype:0001569 body wall muscle myosin organization defective The characteristic organization of myosin filaments into discrete A-bands within the muscle cells is disrupted. In C. elegans, myosin filaments no longer appear as continuous longitudinally oriented fibers across the muscle quadrants. WB:WBPaper00001894 WB:WBPerson2021 body wall muscle thick myofilament organization abnormal WB:WBPerson2021 The characteristic organization of actin filaments into I-bands is disrupted. In C. elegans, actin filaments no longer appear as thin continuous longitudinal stripes along the muscle quadrants. body wall muscle actin organization abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology body wall muscle thin myofilament organization abnormal WBPhenotype:0001570 body wall muscle actin organization defective The characteristic organization of actin filaments into I-bands is disrupted. In C. elegans, actin filaments no longer appear as thin continuous longitudinal stripes along the muscle quadrants. WB:WBPaper00001894 WB:WBPerson2021 body wall muscle thin myofilament organization abnormal WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the accumulation of muscle proteins at membranes where adjacent muscle cells contact each other and the hypodermis compared to control. In C. elegans, during early embryonic body wall muscle development, muscle, basement membrane, and hypodermal components are all colocalized in a continuous linear structure at the site of muscle-hypodermal contact. body wall muscle cell polarization abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001571 body wall muscle cell polarization variant Variations in the accumulation of muscle proteins at membranes where adjacent muscle cells contact each other and the hypodermis compared to control. In C. elegans, during early embryonic body wall muscle development, muscle, basement membrane, and hypodermal components are all colocalized in a continuous linear structure at the site of muscle-hypodermal contact. WB:WBPaper00001895 Animals that are not ordinarily male, exhibit male-specific attributes. In C. elegans, XX animals exhibit male-specific attributes. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001572 masculinized Animals that are not ordinarily male, exhibit male-specific attributes. In C. elegans, XX animals exhibit male-specific attributes. WB:WBPaper00000178 WB:WBPaper00001206 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the response to the addition of nicotine compared to that observed in control animals. Nicotine is a cholinergic agonist. nicotine response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001573 nicotine response variant Animals exhibit variations in the response to the addition of nicotine compared to that observed in control animals. Nicotine is a cholinergic agonist. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the cellular levels of Adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP), compared to control. ATP is a nucleotide that plays a versatile role in cell biology. ATP levels abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001574 ATP levels variant Animals exhibit variations in the cellular levels of Adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP), compared to control. ATP is a nucleotide that plays a versatile role in cell biology. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit a decrease in the cellular levels of Adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP), compared to control. ATP is a nucleotide that plays a versatile role in cell biology. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001575 ATP levels reduced Animals exhibit a decrease in the cellular levels of Adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP), compared to control. ATP is a nucleotide that plays a versatile role in cell biology. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the spatial distribution of the mitochondria within the cell compared to control. mitochondria spacing abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001576 mitochondria spacing variant Variations in the spatial distribution of the mitochondria within the cell compared to control. GO:0048311 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the parallel arrangement of mitochondria within a cell compared to control. mitochondria alignment abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001577 mitochondria alignment variant Animals exhibit variations in the parallel arrangement of mitochondria within a cell compared to control. WB:WBPaper00028954 Animals fail to respond to the concentration of cholinergic agonist that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001578 cholinergic agonist resistant Animals fail to respond to the concentration of cholinergic agonist that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals respond to a cholinergic agonist at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001579 cholinergic agonist hypersensitive Animals respond to a cholinergic agonist at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the progression of the controlled breakdown of the nuclear envelope, compared to control. nuclear envelope breakdown abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001580 Possible XP. nuclear envelope breakdown variant Any variation in the progression of the controlled breakdown of the nuclear envelope, compared to control. GO:0051081 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Levels of transcripts associated with genes on the X chromosome are increased compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001581 X linked gene expression enhanced Levels of transcripts associated with genes on the X chromosome are increased compared to control. WB:WBPaper00001011 WB:WBPerson712 Levels of transcripts associated with genes on the X chromosome are decreased compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001582 X linked gene expression reduced Levels of transcripts associated with genes on the X chromosome are decreased compared to control. WB:WBPaper00001011 WB:WBPerson712 Animals segregate progeny with 3 X chromosomes. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001583 XXX progeny Animals segregate progeny with 3 X chromosomes. WB:WBPaper00000179 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the movement of chromosomes to the spindle equator during mitosis compared to control animals. chromosome alignment at metaphase plate abnormal chromosome alignment at metaphase plate variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology chromosome congression WBPhenotype:0001584 chromosome alignment variant Any variation in the movement of chromosomes to the spindle equator during mitosis compared to control animals. GO:0051310 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in a cell's ability to divide asymmetrically to produce two daughter cells with different developmental potentials compared to control. asymmetric cell division abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001585 asymmetric cell division variant Any variation in a cell's ability to divide asymmetrically to produce two daughter cells with different developmental potentials compared to control. GO:0008356 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals contain more than one anchor cell. In C. elegans, presumptive ventral uterine cells undergo fate transformation and instead acquire the properties of an anchor cell (often due to defects in lateral signaling). double anchor cell C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001586 multiple anchor cells Animals contain more than one anchor cell. In C. elegans, presumptive ventral uterine cells undergo fate transformation and instead acquire the properties of an anchor cell (often due to defects in lateral signaling). WB:WBPaper00001423 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit variations in the formation and/or arrangement of actin, an abundant cytoskeletal protein in most cells, often linked to the plasma membrane and concentrated at cell junctions compared to control (Wormatlas). actin organization biogenesis variant actin organization biogenesis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001587 Possible XP. actin organization biogenesis phenotype Animals exhibit variations in the formation and/or arrangement of actin, an abundant cytoskeletal protein in most cells, often linked to the plasma membrane and concentrated at cell junctions compared to control (Wormatlas). GO:0030036 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure, composition or arrangement of a robust macromolecular array, composed primarily of tubulin, which forms long extended cytoskeletal elements compared to control (Wormatlas). microtubule organization biogenesis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001588 Possible XP. microtubule organization biogenesis variant Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure, composition or arrangement of a robust macromolecular array, composed primarily of tubulin, which forms long extended cytoskeletal elements compared to control (Wormatlas). GO:0000226 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation that alters the characteristic de novo formation of a microtubule compared to control. microtubule nucleation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001589 microtubule nucleation variant Any variation that alters the characteristic de novo formation of a microtubule compared to control. GO:0007020 Any variation that alters the characteristic removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of a microtubule compared to control. microtubule depolymerization abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001590 microtubule depolymerization variant Any variation that alters the characteristic removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of a microtubule compared to control. GO:0007019 Any variation that alters the characteristic addition of tubulin heterodimers to one or both ends of a microtubule compared to control. microtubule polymerization abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001591 microtubule polymerization variant Any variation that alters the characteristic addition of tubulin heterodimers to one or both ends of a microtubule compared to control. GO:0046785 Alternating periods of stopping and moving; Motion is interrupted by periods of inactivity lasting several seconds. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001592 fainter Alternating periods of stopping and moving; Motion is interrupted by periods of inactivity lasting several seconds. WB:WBPaper00031286 Animals exhibit variations in the homology-dependent transcriptional level silencing of the expression of exogenous DNA that has been introduced into the organism, compared to control. In C. elegans this silencing occurs only in the germline. transgene silencing abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001593 transgene silencing variant Animals exhibit variations in the homology-dependent transcriptional level silencing of the expression of exogenous DNA that has been introduced into the organism, compared to control. In C. elegans this silencing occurs only in the germline. WB:WBPaper00005399 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the homology-dependent transcriptional level silencing of the expression of exogenous DNA that has been introduced into the organism, in the germline, compared to control. germline transgene silencing abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001594 germline transgene silencing variant Animals exhibit variations in the homology-dependent transcriptional level silencing of the expression of exogenous DNA that has been introduced into the organism, in the germline, compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the homology-dependent transcriptional level silencing of the expression of exogenous DNA that has been introduced into the organism, in the soma, compared to control. somatic transgene silencing abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001595 somatic transgene silencing variant Animals exhibit variations in the homology-dependent transcriptional level silencing of the expression of exogenous DNA that has been introduced into the organism, in the soma, compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Swelling of the tail hypodermis resulting in a prematurely-truncated and thickened appearance of the tail. In C. elegans, this is usually applies to hermaphrodites. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001596 tail bobbed Swelling of the tail hypodermis resulting in a prematurely-truncated and thickened appearance of the tail. In C. elegans, this is usually applies to hermaphrodites. WB:WBPaper00024194 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation that results in a fewer than control number of muscle cells. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001597 muscle missing Any variation that results in a fewer than control number of muscle cells. WB:WBPaper00001423 WB:WBPaper00002946 WB:WBPerson2021 Treatment with inhibitors of serotonin reuptake does not elicit the same response as observed for control animals. inhibitor of serotonin uptake abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001598 inhibitor of serotonin uptake variant Treatment with inhibitors of serotonin reuptake does not elicit the same response as observed for control animals. WB:WBPerson712 Animals fail to respond to the concentration of ouabain that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. In C. elegans, resistance to ouabain is often assayed via body contraction response. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001599 ouabain resistant Animals fail to respond to the concentration of ouabain that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. In C. elegans, resistance to ouabain is often assayed via body contraction response. WB:WBPaper00000484 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to ouabain to elicit the rapid muscular contractions seen in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001600 contraction response to ouabain resistant Animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to ouabain to elicit the rapid muscular contractions seen in control animals. WB:WBPaper00000484 Animals fail to respond to the concentration of biogenic amine receptor antagonist that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. serotonin receptor antagonist C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001601 biogenic amine receptor antagonist resistant Animals fail to respond to the concentration of biogenic amine receptor antagonist that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson712 Animals fail to respond to the concentration of methiothepin that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001602 methiothepin resistant Animals fail to respond to the concentration of methiothepin that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00031241 WB:WBPerson721 Animals fail to respond to the concentration of cyproheptadine that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001603 cyproheptadine resistant Animals fail to respond to the concentration of cyproheptadine that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00031241 WB:WBPerson721 Animals fail to respond to the concentration of mianserin that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology dibenzazepine resistant WBPhenotype:0001604 mianserin resistant Animals fail to respond to the concentration of mianserin that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00031241 WB:WBPerson721 Animals do not live longer in response to mianserin compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001605 extended life span response to mianserin resistant Animals do not live longer in response to mianserin compared to control. WB:WBPaper00031241 WB:WBPerson721 Animals respond to ethanol at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. alcohol sensitive C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001606 ethanol hypersensitive Animals respond to ethanol at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00002358 WB:WBPerson712 Animals become paralyzed in response to ethanol at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001607 paralysis response to ethanol hypersensitive Animals become paralyzed in response to ethanol at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00002358 WB:WBPerson712 Animals respond to the anesthetic enflurane at lower concentrations or shorter exposure times than control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology ether hypersensitive WBPhenotype:0001608 enflurane hypersensitive Animals respond to the anesthetic enflurane at lower concentrations or shorter exposure times than control animals. WB:WBPaper00002037 WB:WBPerson721 Animals respond to the anesthetic isoflurane at lower concentrations or shorter response times than control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology ether hypersensitive WBPhenotype:0001609 isoflurane hypersensitive Animals respond to the anesthetic isoflurane at lower concentrations or shorter response times than control animals. WB:WBPaper00002037 WB:WBPerson721 Animals respond to the anesthetic ether at lower concentrations or shorter response times than control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology ether hypersensitive WBPhenotype:0001610 diethyl ether hypersensitive Animals respond to the anesthetic ether at lower concentrations or shorter response times than control animals. WB:WBPaper00001063 WB:WBPaper00002037 WB:WBPerson721 Animals respond to the lipid-soluble anesthetic halothane at lower concentrations or shorter response times compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001611 halothane hypersensitive Animals respond to the lipid-soluble anesthetic halothane at lower concentrations or shorter response times compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00000958 WB:WBPaper00031286 WB:WBPerson721 Animals fail to respond to the concentration of ethanol that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to ethanol to elicit the response compared to control animals. In C.elegans the phenotype designation Jud is short for JUDang, which is Korean for resistant to alcohol. Jud alcohol resistant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001612 ethanol resistant Animals fail to respond to the concentration of ethanol that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to ethanol to elicit the response compared to control animals. In C.elegans the phenotype designation Jud is short for JUDang, which is Korean for resistant to alcohol. WB:WBPaper00002358 WB:WBPaper00031371 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Animals in the presence of ethanol continue to respond to touch under conditions when control worms have stopped responding to stimuli. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001613 paralysis response to ethanol resistant Animals in the presence of ethanol continue to respond to touch under conditions when control worms have stopped responding to stimuli. WB:WBPaper00031371 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in their response to a specific anticonvulsant compared to that observed in control animals. anticonvulsant response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001614 anticonvulsant response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to a specific anticonvulsant compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals fail to respond to the concentration of compounds that act as anticonvulsants that elicit a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001615 anticonvulsant resistant Animals fail to respond to the concentration of compounds that act as anticonvulsants that elicit a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00024698 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Animals fail to respond to the concentration of trimethadione, which acts as an anticonvulsant, that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001616 trimethadione resistant Animals fail to respond to the concentration of trimethadione, which acts as an anticonvulsant, that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00024698 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Animals fail to respond to the concentration of ethosuximide, which acts as an anticonvulsant, that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001617 ethosuximide resistant Animals fail to respond to the concentration of ethosuximide, which acts as an anticonvulsant, that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson712 Animals fail to respond to the concentration of the anesthetic halothane that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001618 halothane resistant Animals fail to respond to the concentration of the anesthetic halothane that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00004721 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Animals fail to respond to the concentration of the volatile anesthetic isoflurane that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001619 isoflurane resistant Animals fail to respond to the concentration of the volatile anesthetic isoflurane that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00004721 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in their response to oxidative stress compared to that observed in control animals. organism oxidative stress response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001620 organism oxidative stress response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to oxidative stress compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals respond to a lower concentration of reactive oxygen species or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001621 organism oxidative stress response hypersensitive Animals respond to a lower concentration of reactive oxygen species or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 Animals lay eggs at a greater rate in response to exogenous serotonin compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001622 egg laying serotonin hypersensitive Animals lay eggs at a greater rate in response to exogenous serotonin compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00002487 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the posture of the male tail after application of exogenous serotonin compared to control. In C. elegans, males respond with a tight ventral curling of the male tail in response to serotonin. male tail curling serotonin abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001623 male tail curling serotonin variant Any variation in the posture of the male tail after application of exogenous serotonin compared to control. In C. elegans, males respond with a tight ventral curling of the male tail in response to serotonin. WB:WBPaper00001861 WB:WBPerson557 Animals fail to respond to the concentration of serotonin that elicits a male tail curling response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. In C. elegans males respond to serotonin with a tight ventral curling of the male tail and posterior body. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001624 male tail curling serotonin resistant Animals fail to respond to the concentration of serotonin that elicits a male tail curling response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. In C. elegans males respond to serotonin with a tight ventral curling of the male tail and posterior body. WB:WBPaper00001861 WB:WBPerson557 Males respond to serotonin by curling their tails at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. In C. elegans males respond to serotonin with a tight ventral curling of the male tail and posterior body. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001625 male tail curling serotonin hypersensitive Males respond to serotonin by curling their tails at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. In C. elegans males respond to serotonin with a tight ventral curling of the male tail and posterior body. WB:WBPaper00001861 WB:WBPaper00028762 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the locomotion rate after application of exogenous serotonin compared to control. locomotion rate serotonin abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001626 locomotion rate serotonin variant Any variation in the locomotion rate after application of exogenous serotonin compared to control. WB:WBPaper00002141 The decrease in locomotion rate in the presence of serotonin is greater than control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology locomotion rate serotonin reduced WBPhenotype:0001627 locomotion rate serotonin hypersensitive The decrease in locomotion rate in the presence of serotonin is greater than control animals. WB:WBPaper00002141 Animals fail to decrease their locomotion rate in response the concentration of serotonin that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology locomotion rate serotonin increased WBPhenotype:0001628 locomotion rate serotonin resistant Animals fail to decrease their locomotion rate in response the concentration of serotonin that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00002141 Any variation in egg laying behavior after application of exogenous serotonin compared to control. In C. elegans, serotonin induces egg laying. egg laying serotonin abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001629 egg laying serotonin variant Any variation in egg laying behavior after application of exogenous serotonin compared to control. In C. elegans, serotonin induces egg laying. WB:WBPaper00000635 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the developmental progression of the intestine that leads to a blockage in the alimentary canal. Gob C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001630 gut obstructed Any variation in the developmental progression of the intestine that leads to a blockage in the alimentary canal. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals produce ova/sperm that contain no X chromosome in a nonmendelian segregation pattern. nullo X gamete abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001631 nullo X gamete Animals produce ova/sperm that contain no X chromosome in a nonmendelian segregation pattern. WB:WBPaper00000179 WB:WBPerson712 Animals produce ova/sperm that contain 2 X chromosomes. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001632 diplo X gamete Animals produce ova/sperm that contain 2 X chromosomes. WB:WBPaper00000179 WB:WBPerson712 Animals produce ova/sperm that contain lethal factors as a result of chromosomal disjunction defects. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001633 lethal gamete Animals produce ova/sperm that contain lethal factors as a result of chromosomal disjunction defects. WB:WBPaper00000179 WB:WBPerson712 Animals respond to compounds that elicit electrophilic stress at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001634 organism electrophilic stress hypersensitive Animals respond to compounds that elicit electrophilic stress at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals contain an excess number of pharyngeal cells compared to control. In C. elegans, pharyngeal cells are derived from MS-blastomere. The overproduction of pharyngeal tissues is a result of other blastomeres adopting an MS-like fate. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001635 excess pharyngeal cells Animals contain an excess number of pharyngeal cells compared to control. In C. elegans, pharyngeal cells are derived from MS-blastomere. The overproduction of pharyngeal tissues is a result of other blastomeres adopting an MS-like fate. WB:WBPaper00001584 WB:WBPaper00002922 WB:WBperson2021 Animals contain an excess number of intestinal cells compared to control. In C. elegans, intestinal cells are derived from E-blastomere. The overproduction of intestinal tissues is a result of other blastomeres adopting an E-like fate or excess cell proliferation in the E lineage. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001636 excess intestinal cells Animals contain an excess number of intestinal cells compared to control. In C. elegans, intestinal cells are derived from E-blastomere. The overproduction of intestinal tissues is a result of other blastomeres adopting an E-like fate or excess cell proliferation in the E lineage. WB:WBPaper00001584 WB:WBPaper00002330 WB:WBperson2021 Embryos fail to generate cells that exhibit intestinal specification. In C. elegans, the E blastomere is the precursor of all the intestinal cells. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001637 no Intestine Embryos fail to generate cells that exhibit intestinal specification. In C. elegans, the E blastomere is the precursor of all the intestinal cells. WB:WBPaper00002946 WB:WBperson2021 OBSOLETE: Animals are deficient in the formation or disassembly of lysosomes. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001638 obsolete endosome fusion defective true OBSOLETE: Animals are deficient in the formation or disassembly of lysosomes. GO:0034058 WB:WBPaper00029049 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit a decrease in their high-speed movement in the forward direction with brief backward movement compared to control. In C. elegans, Animals do not move more than a few body lengths from their starting position and searches occur locally with pivoting behavior. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology lurcher path range decreased WBPhenotype:0001639 roaming reduced Animals exhibit a decrease in their high-speed movement in the forward direction with brief backward movement compared to control. In C. elegans, Animals do not move more than a few body lengths from their starting position and searches occur locally with pivoting behavior. WB:WBPaper00003743 WB:WBPaper00031455 WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Animals are unable to acidify compartments to the same level as that observed in control animals given the same stimulus. acidification level abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001640 acidification level defective Animals are unable to acidify compartments to the same level as that observed in control animals given the same stimulus. WB:WBPaper00031246 WB:WBPerson712 Animals lack or exhibit defects in the posterior body muscle contractions during the defecation cycle. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology pBoc WBPhenotype:0001641 posterior body wall contraction defective Animals lack or exhibit defects in the posterior body muscle contractions during the defecation cycle. WB:WBPaper00031426 WB:WBPerson712 Variations that disrupt stereotypical embryonic cleavage patterns (such as cleavage rate, division axes or asymmetric division). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001642 cell cleavage variant emb Variations that disrupt stereotypical embryonic cleavage patterns (such as cleavage rate, division axes or asymmetric division). GO:0040016 WB:WBPaper00001032 WB:WBPerson2021 Embryos generate an excess number of hypodermal cells compared to control. Skn C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001643 excess hypodermal cells Embryos generate an excess number of hypodermal cells compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit variations in any process that involves the maintenance, biosynthesis or accumulation of proteins in the organism compared to control. protein metabolism abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001644 protein metabolism variant Animals exhibit variations in any process that involves the maintenance, biosynthesis or accumulation of proteins in the organism compared to control. WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the directed breakdown of a protein (via the destruction of its native, active configuration) compared to control. protein degradation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001645 protein degradation variant Variations in the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the directed breakdown of a protein (via the destruction of its native, active configuration) compared to control. GO:0030163 WB:WBPerson2021 Embryos fail to generate cells that exhibit pharyngeal specification. Pha C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001646 no pharynx Embryos fail to generate cells that exhibit pharyngeal specification. WB:WBPaper00001521 WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the progression of the posterior portion of the pharynx over time compared to control. In C. elegans the posterior region includes the isthmus and terminal bulb (second bulb). posterior pharynx abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001647 posterior pharynx variant Any variation in the progression of the posterior portion of the pharynx over time compared to control. In C. elegans the posterior region includes the isthmus and terminal bulb (second bulb). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Embryos fail to generate cells that give rise to the posterior portion of the pharynx. In C. elegans, the MS blastomere- derived pharyngeal cells constitute the posterior portion of the pharynx. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001648 no posterior pharynx Embryos fail to generate cells that give rise to the posterior portion of the pharynx. In C. elegans, the MS blastomere- derived pharyngeal cells constitute the posterior portion of the pharynx. WB:WBPaper00002330 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals fail to respond to the concentration of Fluorouracil (5-FU) that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. In C. Elegans Fluorouracil induces germ cell death, inhibits embryogenesis and inhibits larval growth (depending on dose) in control animals. 5 FU resistant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001649 Fluorouracil resistant Animals fail to respond to the concentration of Fluorouracil (5-FU) that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. In C. Elegans Fluorouracil induces germ cell death, inhibits embryogenesis and inhibits larval growth (depending on dose) in control animals. WB:WBPaper00031571 WB:WBPerson721 Germ cell death fails in response to the concentration of 5-FU that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. In C. elegans, in addition to cell death, 5-FU exposed animals exhibit condensed germ cell nuclei or unhealthy nuclei. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001650 germ cell death response to 5 FU resistant Germ cell death fails in response to the concentration of 5-FU that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. In C. elegans, in addition to cell death, 5-FU exposed animals exhibit condensed germ cell nuclei or unhealthy nuclei. WB:WBPaper00031571 WB:WBPerson721 Animals grow well during or after exposure to 5-FU under conditions where control animals are growth inhibited. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001651 growth arrest response to 5 FU resistant Animals grow well during or after exposure to 5-FU under conditions where control animals are growth inhibited. WB:WBPaper00031571 WB:WBPerson721 Any variation in the process by which the gonad anchor cell makes contact with vulval cells in order to create a uterine-vulval connection. In C. elegans, this includes the loss of the basement membranes between these cells and the crossing of the basolateral portion of the anchor cell through this gap. anchor cell invasion abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001652 anchor cell invasion variant Any variation in the process by which the gonad anchor cell makes contact with vulval cells in order to create a uterine-vulval connection. In C. elegans, this includes the loss of the basement membranes between these cells and the crossing of the basolateral portion of the anchor cell through this gap. WB:WBPaper00005989 Animals exhibit variations in their response to cadmium compared to that observed in control animals. cadmium response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001653 cadmium response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to cadmium compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals fail to respond to the concentration of cadmium that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to cadmium to elicit the response compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001654 cadmium resistant Animals fail to respond to the concentration of cadmium that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to cadmium to elicit the response compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals respond to cadmium at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001655 cadmium hypersensitive Animals respond to cadmium at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the progression of the leader cell that guides and shapes the outgrowth of the gonad while crawling along the body wall to force the germline to extend into a long tubular shape over time from its formation to its mature structure compared to control. distal tip cell development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001656 distal tip cell development variant Any variation in the progression of the leader cell that guides and shapes the outgrowth of the gonad while crawling along the body wall to force the germline to extend into a long tubular shape over time from its formation to its mature structure compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the specialized region of connection between two cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix compared to control. cell junction abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001657 cell junction variant Animals exhibit variations in the specialized region of connection between two cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix compared to control. GO:0030054 WB:WBPaper00031590 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the specialized region of connection between two cells compared to control. intercellular junction abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology cell cell junction abnormal WBPhenotype:0001658 intercellular junction variant Animals exhibit variations in the specialized region of connection between two cells compared to control. GO:0005911 WB:WBPaper00031590 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the form, structure or composition of the somatic gonad structure that connects the distal gonad arm to the uterus compared to control (Wormatlas). spermatheca morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001659 spermatheca morphology variant Any variation in the form, structure or composition of the somatic gonad structure that connects the distal gonad arm to the uterus compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 The two morphologically bilaterally symmetric gustatory neurons ASE left (ASEL) and ASE right (ASER) fail to undergo a left/right asymmetric diversification in cell fate. 2ASEL 2ASER C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001660 loss of asymmetry ASE The two morphologically bilaterally symmetric gustatory neurons ASE left (ASEL) and ASE right (ASER) fail to undergo a left/right asymmetric diversification in cell fate. WB:WBPaper00030973 WB:WBPerson2021 The two morphologically bilaterally symmetric olfactory neurons AWC left (AWCL) and AWC right (AWCR) fail to undergo a left/right asymmetric diversification in cell fate. 2 AWC off 2 AWC on C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001661 loss of asymmetry AWC The two morphologically bilaterally symmetric olfactory neurons AWC left (AWCL) and AWC right (AWCR) fail to undergo a left/right asymmetric diversification in cell fate. WB:WBPaper00003760 WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the progression of the somatic gonad structure that connects the distal gonad arm to the uterus over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals. spermatheca development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001662 spermatheca development variant Any variation in the progression of the somatic gonad structure that connects the distal gonad arm to the uterus over time from an initial condition to a later condition compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals fail to respond to the levels of reactive oxygen species that elicit a response in control animals. Oxr C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001663 organism oxidative stress resistant Animals fail to respond to the levels of reactive oxygen species that elicit a response in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 The frequency of sex chromosome segregation is perturbed, resulting in the production of exceptional gametes (e.g. ova or sperm) and populations with a sex ratio altered from the rate of 1:500 as observed for control populations. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001664 X chromosome nondisjunction The frequency of sex chromosome segregation is perturbed, resulting in the production of exceptional gametes (e.g. ova or sperm) and populations with a sex ratio altered from the rate of 1:500 as observed for control populations. WB:WBPaper00000179 WB:WBPaper00000565 WB:WBPerson712 Lower numbers of male progeny occur in the population compared to control populations. In C. elegans, the low incidence of males phenotype in a self-fertilizing hermaphrodite population is a result of an decrease in X chromosome nondisjunction. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001665 low incidence male progeny Lower numbers of male progeny occur in the population compared to control populations. In C. elegans, the low incidence of males phenotype in a self-fertilizing hermaphrodite population is a result of an decrease in X chromosome nondisjunction. WB:WBPaper00000565 WB:WBPerson712 Animals respond to iononizing radiation at a lower dose or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. Iononizing radiation has a wavelength in the 10 to 0.01 nanometer range. In C. elegans, increased sensitivity to X-ray irradiation is often observed as a decrease in survival upon exposure compared to control animals given the same treatment. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001666 organism hypersensitive X ray irradiation Animals respond to iononizing radiation at a lower dose or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. Iononizing radiation has a wavelength in the 10 to 0.01 nanometer range. In C. elegans, increased sensitivity to X-ray irradiation is often observed as a decrease in survival upon exposure compared to control animals given the same treatment. WB:WBPaper00000565 WB:WBPaper00003886 WB:WBPerson712 Animals respond to the chemical mutagen methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) a methanesulfonate ester and alkylating agent at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. In C. elegans, increased sensitivity to MMS can be observed as a decrease in egg hatch upon acute exposure or inhibition of growth after chronic exposure compared to control animals given the same treatment. MMS hypersensitive C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001667 methyl methanesulfonate hypersensitive Animals respond to the chemical mutagen methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) a methanesulfonate ester and alkylating agent at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. In C. elegans, increased sensitivity to MMS can be observed as a decrease in egg hatch upon acute exposure or inhibition of growth after chronic exposure compared to control animals given the same treatment. WB:WBPaper00000565 WB:WBPerson712 An increased number of oocytes are retained in the gonad without becoming endomitotic, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology oocyte number increased WBPhenotype:0001668 oocyte accumulation An increased number of oocytes are retained in the gonad without becoming endomitotic, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00006281 WB:WBPaper00030855 Animals exhibit a variation in the ratio of synaptic vesicles per synapse of a neuron, compared to control animals. presynaptic vesicle number abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology synaptic vesicle number abnormal WBPhenotype:0001669 presynaptic vesicle number variant Animals exhibit a variation in the ratio of synaptic vesicles per synapse of a neuron, compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00027305 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit an overall decrease in the quantity of synaptic vesicles at the synapse compared to control animals. WBPhenotype:0001322 C_elegans_phenotype_ontology synaptic vesicle number reduced WBPhenotype:0001670 presynaptic vesicle number reduced Animals exhibit an overall decrease in the quantity of synaptic vesicles at the synapse compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00027305 WB:WBPerson712 Animals display variations in the distribution of spherical membrane-bound fluid-filled organelles, compared to that observed in control animals. vesicle organization abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001671 vesicle organization variant Animals display variations in the distribution of spherical membrane-bound fluid-filled organelles, compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the extension of the part of the axon that forms a bridge between body regions, compared to control animals. commisure growth abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001672 commisure growth variant Animals exhibit variations in the extension of the part of the axon that forms a bridge between body regions, compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the processes that affect and monitor the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA, which allow the chromosome to persist from generation to generation, compared to control. telomere homeostasis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001673 telomere homeostasis variant Animals exhibit variations in the processes that affect and monitor the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA, which allow the chromosome to persist from generation to generation, compared to control. GO:0032204 WB:WBPaper00031585 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the sequence or organization of the components of the terminal region of its chromosome, (i.e. telomere, which serves to stabilize the chromosome) compared to control. telomere morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001674 telomere morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the sequence or organization of the components of the terminal region of its chromosome, (i.e. telomere, which serves to stabilize the chromosome) compared to control. GO:0000781 WB:WBPaper00003886 WB:WBPerson712 Males exhibit variations in the reproductive system, from its formation to the mature structure compared to control. male gonad development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001675 male gonad development variant Males exhibit variations in the reproductive system, from its formation to the mature structure compared to control. WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the structure or composition of any neuron within the class of sensory neurons responsible for relaying mechanical stimuli to the animal compared to control. touch receptor cell morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology mechanosensory neuron abnormal microtubule cell morphology abnormal WBPhenotype:0001676 touch receptor cell morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the structure or composition of any neuron within the class of sensory neurons responsible for relaying mechanical stimuli to the animal compared to control. WB:WBPaper00000550 WB:WBPerson712 Animals display cuticle components displayed by animals of a different developmental stage, compared to control. Srf stage specific cuticle antigenicity abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001677 stage specific cuticle antigenicity variant Animals display cuticle components displayed by animals of a different developmental stage, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00002589 WB:WBPerson712 Animals produce cuticles that vary in components such as proteins or carbohydrates, observed in control animals of the same developmental stage and raised under the same conditions. cuticle physiology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001678 cuticle physiology variant Animals produce cuticles that vary in components such as proteins or carbohydrates, observed in control animals of the same developmental stage and raised under the same conditions. WB:WBPaper00001576 WB:WBPerson712 Neurons have more than one process extending from the cell body. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001679 multipolar neuron Neurons have more than one process extending from the cell body. WB:WBPaper00031901 WB:WBPerson712 Vulval precursor cells forgo further cell division and fuse to the hypodermis instead of adopting their intended fate (becoming primary, secondary or tertiary vulval cells). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology F fate abnormal VPC fused fate abnormal WBPhenotype:0001680 adoption of fused vulval cell fate Vulval precursor cells forgo further cell division and fuse to the hypodermis instead of adopting their intended fate (becoming primary, secondary or tertiary vulval cells). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson712 The alignment of the spindle relative to other cellular structures varies from that observed in control animals. spindle orientation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001681 spindle orientation variant The alignment of the spindle relative to other cellular structures varies from that observed in control animals. GO:0051294 WB:WBPaper00031898 WB:WBPerson712 Organisms respond to UV at a higer dose or a longer exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001682 organism UV resistant Organisms respond to UV at a higer dose or a longer exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations that specifically disrupt sperm production in XX hermaphrodites. By contrast, spermatogenesis in XO males remains unaffected. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001683 spermatogenesis defective hermaphrodite Variations that specifically disrupt sperm production in XX hermaphrodites. By contrast, spermatogenesis in XO males remains unaffected. WB:WBPaper00002113 WB:WBPaper00002631 The rates of synaptic vesicle exocytosis and endocytosis vary from that observed in control animals. synaptic vesicle homeostasis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001684 synaptic vesicle homeostasis variant The rates of synaptic vesicle exocytosis and endocytosis vary from that observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00031872 WB:WBPerson712 The region opposite to the presynaptic region deviates in the structure, configuration or ratio of its components specific for receiving signals from the other side of the synapse compared to control. postsynaptic region morphology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001685 postsynaptic region morphology variant The region opposite to the presynaptic region deviates in the structure, configuration or ratio of its components specific for receiving signals from the other side of the synapse compared to control. WB:WBPaper00031872 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process in the region, opposite to the presynaptic region, which is required for receiving signals from the other side of the synapse compared to control. postsynaptic region physiology abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001686 postsynaptic region physiology variant Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process in the region, opposite to the presynaptic region, which is required for receiving signals from the other side of the synapse compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Cuticles of animals or cuticular extracts exhibit an altered pattern of antibody binding compared to Bristol N2 animals of the same developmental stage. Srf surface antigenicity abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001687 surface antigenicity variant Cuticles of animals or cuticular extracts exhibit an altered pattern of antibody binding compared to Bristol N2 animals of the same developmental stage. WB:WBPaper00001280 WB:WBPerson712 The electron dense, amorphous envelope that comprises the outermost layer of the cuticle varies in composition from that observed in control animals of the same developmental stage. The integrity of the surface coat is often revealed by an altered antigenicity or biochemical make up. Srf surface coat abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001688 surface coat variant The electron dense, amorphous envelope that comprises the outermost layer of the cuticle varies in composition from that observed in control animals of the same developmental stage. The integrity of the surface coat is often revealed by an altered antigenicity or biochemical make up. GO:0060104 Cuticles or cuticular extracts do not bind antibodies that are observed to bind the surfaces or cuticular extracts of Bristol N2 animals of the same developmental stage. Srf C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001689 surface antigen negative Cuticles or cuticular extracts do not bind antibodies that are observed to bind the surfaces or cuticular extracts of Bristol N2 animals of the same developmental stage. WB:WBPaper00001280 WB:WBPerson712 Animals display surface antigens throughout all larval stages, unlike Bristol N2 worms, which display the antigens only during one larval stage. Cld C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001690 constitutive larval display Animals display surface antigens throughout all larval stages, unlike Bristol N2 worms, which display the antigens only during one larval stage. WB:WBPaper00002589 WB:WBPerson712 Germ nuclei are misplaced in the gonad and are observed in the rachis. Sheath cells are observed protruding between these nuclei. Meiotic or mitotic specification of germ nuclei is not affected. germ line morphogenesis(Glm) C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001691 germ nuclei rachis Germ nuclei are misplaced in the gonad and are observed in the rachis. Sheath cells are observed protruding between these nuclei. Meiotic or mitotic specification of germ nuclei is not affected. WB:WBPaper00031889 WB:WBPerson712 Animals are not induced to display surface antigens by exposure to pheromone as observed for Bristol N2 animals. ILD abnormal pheromone induced larval display abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology induced larval display abnormal WBPhenotype:0001692 pheromone induced larval display defective Animals are not induced to display surface antigens by exposure to pheromone as observed for Bristol N2 animals. WB:WBPaper00002589 WB:WBPerson712 Males have alae that extend into the tail region. Alae are small linear ridges running along the lateral lines of the cuticle. In C. elegans alae do not extend into the tail region (Wormatlas). Pal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001693 male posterior alae Males have alae that extend into the tail region. Alae are small linear ridges running along the lateral lines of the cuticle. In C. elegans alae do not extend into the tail region (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Hermaphrodites continue to produce sperm past the time at which the transition to oogenesis normally occurs. Thus, germ cells that would normally become oocytes are transformed into sperm instead. spermatogenesis to oogenesis switch abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001694 spermatogenesis to oogenesis switch defective Hermaphrodites continue to produce sperm past the time at which the transition to oogenesis normally occurs. Thus, germ cells that would normally become oocytes are transformed into sperm instead. WB:WBPaper00001883 WB:WBPaper00002113 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit variations in their catalytic ability the transfer glycolsyl groups from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor) often measured by a reduction in the amount of glycosylated products compared to that observed in control animals of the same developmental stage. glycosyltransferase activity abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001695 glycosyltransferase activity variant Animals exhibit variations in their catalytic ability the transfer glycolsyl groups from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor) often measured by a reduction in the amount of glycosylated products compared to that observed in control animals of the same developmental stage. GO:0016757 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the energy-requiring part of metabolism in which simpler substances are transformed into more complex ones compared to control. biosynthesis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001696 biosynthesis variant Animals exhibit variations in the energy-requiring part of metabolism in which simpler substances are transformed into more complex ones compared to control. GO:0009058 WB:WBPaper00029024 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chondroitin sulfate compared to control. chondroitin biosynthesis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001697 chondroitin biosynthesis variant Animals exhibit variations in the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chondroitin sulfate compared to control. WB:WBPaper00029024 WB:WBPaper00031153 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan compared to control. heparan sulfate biosynthesis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001698 heparan sulfate biosynthesis variant Animals exhibit variations in the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan compared to control. WB:WBPaper00029024 WB:WBPaper00031153 WB:WBPerson712 Specific body regions of an animal display variations in movement compared to that observed in control animals. localized movement abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001699 localized movement variant Specific body regions of an animal display variations in movement compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in movement in liquid from that observed for control animals. swimming abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology movement in liquid abnormal thrashing abnormal WBPhenotype:0001700 swimming variant Animals exhibit variations in movement in liquid from that observed for control animals. WB:WBPaper00031835 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit uncharacteristic muscle contractions during the process by which they travel from one location to another. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology convulsive WBPhenotype:0001701 spastic locomotion Animals exhibit uncharacteristic muscle contractions during the process by which they travel from one location to another. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the directional changes that separate consecutive runs, from that observed for control animals. In C. elegans, these aberrations include variations in the form or extent of omega turns or reversals (shifts from forward to backward movements). directionality abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology reversal abnormal turning abnormal WBPhenotype:0001702 directionality variant Animals exhibit variations in the directional changes that separate consecutive runs, from that observed for control animals. In C. elegans, these aberrations include variations in the form or extent of omega turns or reversals (shifts from forward to backward movements). WB:WBPaper00000075 WB:WBPaper00003740 WB:WBPaper00031656 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the maximum ventral and dorsal flex of the animal compared to control animals. body bend abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001703 body bend variant Any variation in the maximum ventral and dorsal flex of the animal compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Alae contain more cuticular ridges than control animals. In C. elegans alae are composed of three cuticular ridges. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001704 multiple alae Alae contain more cuticular ridges than control animals. In C. elegans alae are composed of three cuticular ridges. WB:WBPaper00026841 WB:WBPerson557 The directed movement of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm is impaired. nucleocytoplasmic transport abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001705 nucleocytoplasmic transport defective The directed movement of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm is impaired. GO:0006913 WB:WBPerson557 The directed movement of substances out of the nucleus is impaired. nuclear export abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001706 nuclear export defective The directed movement of substances out of the nucleus is impaired. GO:0051168 WB:WBPerson557 The directed movement of substances into the nucleus is impaired. nuclear import abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001707 nuclear import defective The directed movement of substances into the nucleus is impaired. GO:0051170 WB:WBPerson557 The directed movement of a protein from the nucleus into the cytoplasm is impaired. protein export from nucleus abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001708 protein export from nucleus defective The directed movement of a protein from the nucleus into the cytoplasm is impaired. GO:0006611 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in light/dark cycle recurrence of reactions to stress conditions compared to that observed for control animals. rhythmic tolerance to stress abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology circadian variation in stress tolerance abnormal WBPhenotype:0001709 rhythmic tolerance to stress variant Animals exhibit variations in light/dark cycle recurrence of reactions to stress conditions compared to that observed for control animals. WB:WBPaper00032037 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in light/dark cycle recurrence of reactions to osmotic stress compared to that observed for control animals. rhythmic tolerance to osmotic stress abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001710 rhythmic tolerance to osmotic stress variant Animals exhibit variations in light/dark cycle recurrence of reactions to osmotic stress compared to that observed for control animals. WB:WBPaper00032037 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in actions or responses that occur with measurable periodicity, from that observed for control animals. rhythmic behavior abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001711 rhythmic behavior variant Animals exhibit variations in actions or responses that occur with measurable periodicity, from that observed for control animals. GO:0007622 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the actions or reactions that recur with a periodicity associated with light/dark cycles, compared to control. circadian rhythm behavior abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001712 circadian rhythm behavior variant Animals exhibit variations in the actions or reactions that recur with a periodicity associated with light/dark cycles, compared to control. GO:0048512 WB:WBPaper00032037 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in locomotor activity during its light/dark cycle from that observed in control animals. locomotory rhythm abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001713 locomotory rhythm variant Animals exhibit variations in locomotor activity during its light/dark cycle from that observed in control animals. GO:0045475 WB:WBPaper00031656 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in turning bouts, consisting of one or more sharp turning events separating consecutive runs, which serve to orient the animal within a gradient, compared to control. pirouette abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001714 pirouette variant Animals exhibit variations in turning bouts, consisting of one or more sharp turning events separating consecutive runs, which serve to orient the animal within a gradient, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00003740 WB:WBPaper00026967 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the number of directional changes over time from that observed for control animals. frequency of directionality abnormal pirouette frequency abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001715 pirouette frequency variant Animals exhibit variations in the number of directional changes over time from that observed for control animals. WB:WBPaper00031656 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the velocity of forward translocation of any point along the animal's track from that observed for control animals. forward point velocity abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001716 forward point velocity variant Animals exhibit variations in the velocity of forward translocation of any point along the animal's track from that observed for control animals. WB:WBPaper00024949 WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the translocation of the mean position of the rear two-thirds (centroid position) of the animal over time, from that observed for control animals. centroid velocity abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001717 centroid velocity variant Animals exhibit variations in the translocation of the mean position of the rear two-thirds (centroid position) of the animal over time, from that observed for control animals. WB:WBPaper00024949 WB:WBPaper00031656 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the mean translocation of the points along the animal's track compared to control. instantaneous velocity abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001718 instantaneous velocity variant Animals exhibit variations in the mean translocation of the points along the animal's track compared to control. WB:WBPaper00024949 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in any of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the presence of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and or the mitochondria, compared to control. One such response is the increase in expression of chaperones. unfolded protein response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology ER unfolded protein response abnormal UPR unfolded protein response WBPhenotype:0001719 unfolded protein response variant Animals exhibit variations in any of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the presence of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and or the mitochondria, compared to control. One such response is the increase in expression of chaperones. GO:0030968 WB:WBPaper00030877 WB:WBPaper00032003 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Spermatozoa do not crawl back into the spermatheca after being swept into the uterus by passing oocytes. spermatozoa retro location abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology spermatheca homing abnormal WBPhenotype:0001720 spermatozoa retro location defective Spermatozoa do not crawl back into the spermatheca after being swept into the uterus by passing oocytes. WB:WBPaper00032030 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the extent of pathogen invasion into the pharynx compared to control. This is often measured as the percentage of animals exhibiting a pathogen-invaded pharynx within a given population. pathogen infected pharynx abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001721 pathogen infected pharynx variant Animals exhibit variations in the extent of pathogen invasion into the pharynx compared to control. This is often measured as the percentage of animals exhibiting a pathogen-invaded pharynx within a given population. WB:WBPaper00032003 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit a greater extent of pathogen invasion into the pharynx compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001722 pathogen infected pharynx increase Animals exhibit a greater extent of pathogen invasion into the pharynx compared to control. WB:WBPaper00032003 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit a lesser extent of pathogen invasion into the pharynx compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001723 pathogen infected pharynx decrease Animals exhibit a lesser extent of pathogen invasion into the pharynx compared to control. WB:WBPaper00032003 WB:WBPerson712 Animals respond to tunicamycin at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001724 tunicamycin hypersensitive Animals respond to tunicamycin at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00030877 WB:WBPerson557 Cells exhibit variations in the response to osmotic stress compared to control. In C. elegans, exposure to stress-inducing osmotic conditions invokes cellular changes, including transcriptional up or down-regulation of genes. osmotic stress response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001725 cellular osmotic stress response variant Cells exhibit variations in the response to osmotic stress compared to control. In C. elegans, exposure to stress-inducing osmotic conditions invokes cellular changes, including transcriptional up or down-regulation of genes. WB:WBPaper00032031 WB:WBPerson712 Animals vary in the distance between anterior and posterior ends of the animal from that observed in control animals. body length abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001726 body length variant Animals vary in the distance between anterior and posterior ends of the animal from that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson712 Animals vary in the distance between dorsal and ventral sides when measured across the body at right angles to the length, from that observed in control animals. body width abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001727 body width variant Animals vary in the distance between dorsal and ventral sides when measured across the body at right angles to the length, from that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson712 Males differ from control animals in their ability to form copulatory plugs or their placement of these plugs. In C. elegans, males of the Hawaiian strain (CB4856) typically form mating plugs. mating plug production abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001728 mating plug production variant Males differ from control animals in their ability to form copulatory plugs or their placement of these plugs. In C. elegans, males of the Hawaiian strain (CB4856) typically form mating plugs. WB:WBPaper00032027 WB:WBPerson712 Males form copulatory mating plugs. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology mating plug plus plug plus WBPhenotype:0001729 mating plug produced Males form copulatory mating plugs. WB:WBPaper00002770 WB:WBPerson712 Males do not form copulatory mating plug. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology mating plug minus plug minus WBPhenotype:0001730 mating plug deficient Males do not form copulatory mating plug. WB:WBPaper00002770 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the duration of the trajectory of the forward track in a thermal gradient compared to control. thermal bias in tracking abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology cryophilic bias WBPhenotype:0001731 thermal bias in tracking variant Animals exhibit variations in the duration of the trajectory of the forward track in a thermal gradient compared to control. WB:WBPaper00032070 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in their response and ability to survive over a range of pH conditions compared to control. organism response to pH abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001732 organism response to pH variant Animals exhibit variations in their response and ability to survive over a range of pH conditions compared to control. WB:WBPaper00032033 WB:WBPerson712 Animals treated with pheromone do not exhibit a decrease in pumping rate similar to that observed for control animals. pheromone suppressed pumping abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001733 pheromone suppressed pumping defective Animals treated with pheromone do not exhibit a decrease in pumping rate similar to that observed for control animals. WB:WBPaper00032082 WB:WBPerson712 Animals deprived of food do not exhibit a decrease in pumping rate similar to that observed for control animals. starvation suppressed pumping abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology food deprived suppression of pumping abnormal WBPhenotype:0001734 starvation suppressed pumping defective Animals deprived of food do not exhibit a decrease in pumping rate similar to that observed for control animals. WB:WBPaper00032082 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction compared to control animals. muscle cell activity abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001735 muscle cell activity variant Animals exhibit variations in the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction compared to control animals. GO:0006937 WB:WBPaper00032000 WB:WBPerson712 Failure to execute the characteristic response to acetate compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001736 acetate chemotaxis defective Failure to execute the characteristic response to acetate compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00031959 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Animals are unable to locate the gradient peak of a water soluble compound, which was generated on a uniform concentration of another compound. aqueous compound discrimination abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001737 aqueous compound discrimination defective Animals are unable to locate the gradient peak of a water soluble compound, which was generated on a uniform concentration of another compound. WB:WBPaper00031959 WB:WBPerson712 Failure to execute the characteristic response to ammonium compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001738 ammonium chemotaxis defective Failure to execute the characteristic response to ammonium compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00031959 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in an organism's decline over time from its optimal fertility and viability compared to control animals. aging abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001739 aging variant Any variation in an organism's decline over time from its optimal fertility and viability compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00032067 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the preprogrammed process that occurs in an organism that is associated with the dismantling of an organ and an overall decline in metabolic function compared to control animals. This may include variations in the rate or extent of morphological disarray and of the breakdown or organelles, membranes and other cellular components. organ senescence abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001740 organ senescence variant Any variation in the preprogrammed process that occurs in an organism that is associated with the dismantling of an organ and an overall decline in metabolic function compared to control animals. This may include variations in the rate or extent of morphological disarray and of the breakdown or organelles, membranes and other cellular components. GO:0010260 WB:WBPaper00032067 WB:WBPerson712 Males exhibit spicule-muscle seizures leading to inappropriately timed protraction compared to control. Prc C_elegans_phenotype_ontology precocious spicule protraction protraction constitutive WBPhenotype:0001741 spontaneous spicule protraction Males exhibit spicule-muscle seizures leading to inappropriately timed protraction compared to control. WB:WBPaper00032000 WB:WBPerson712 The endogenous anabolism of any lipid species has been increased compared to that observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001742 lipid synthesis increased The endogenous anabolism of any lipid species has been increased compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00032082 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the division of the eukaryotic cell nucleus to produce two daughter nuclei that contain the identical chromosome complement of their mother compared to control. mitosis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001743 mitosis variant Any variation in the division of the eukaryotic cell nucleus to produce two daughter nuclei that contain the identical chromosome complement of their mother compared to control. GO:0000278 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix compared to control. cell adhesion abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001744 cell adhesion variant Any variation in the attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix compared to control. GO:0007155 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in a cell junction at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments compared to control. adherens junction abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001745 adherens junction variant Any variation in a cell junction at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments compared to control. GO:0005912 WB:WBPerson557 Any perturbation in the belt-like region of very close contact between the plasma membranes of adjacent cells that results in the complete occlusion of the intercellular space. zonula occludens abnormal tight junction abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001746 tight junction defective Any perturbation in the belt-like region of very close contact between the plasma membranes of adjacent cells that results in the complete occlusion of the intercellular space. GO:0005923 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a zinc ion stimulus compared to control. zinc response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001747 zinc response variant Animals exhibit variations in the change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a zinc ion stimulus compared to control. GO:0010043 WB:WBPerson712 The pharynx or pharyngeal muscle does not form a functional connection to the mouth or buccal cavity. Pun C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001748 pharynx unattached The pharynx or pharyngeal muscle does not form a functional connection to the mouth or buccal cavity. WB:WBPaper00031910 WB:WBPerson712 The toxic response to zinc occurs at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. In C. elegans hypersensitive animals exhibit delayed development or lethality at concentrations of zinc (e.g. ZnSO4), which has little or no effect on control worms. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001749 zinc toxicity hypersensitive The toxic response to zinc occurs at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. In C. elegans hypersensitive animals exhibit delayed development or lethality at concentrations of zinc (e.g. ZnSO4), which has little or no effect on control worms. WB:WBPaper00031911 WB:WBPerson712 Animals fail to exhibit toxicity to the concentration of zinc that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. In C. elegans toxic responses to zinc include delayed development or lethality. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001750 zinc toxicity resistant Animals fail to exhibit toxicity to the concentration of zinc that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. In C. elegans toxic responses to zinc include delayed development or lethality. WB:WBPaper00031911 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit increased lethality as a result of exposure to environments with a higher solute concentration than their own internal environment, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Hos hypertonic sensitive WBPhenotype:0001751 organism hypertonic lethality increased Animals exhibit increased lethality as a result of exposure to environments with a higher solute concentration than their own internal environment, compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in vesicle-based directed movement of substances into, out of, or within a cell compared to control. vesicle trafficking abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001752 vesicle trafficking variant Animals exhibit variations in vesicle-based directed movement of substances into, out of, or within a cell compared to control. GO:0016192 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit intensified accumulation of fluids or fluorescent markers etc. within their coelomocytes compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001753 coelomocyte uptake increased Animals exhibit intensified accumulation of fluids or fluorescent markers etc. within their coelomocytes compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00004883 WB:WBPerson712 Contents of endosomes fail to be transported to lysosomal compartments. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001754 endosome to lysosome trafficking defective Contents of endosomes fail to be transported to lysosomal compartments. WB:WBPaper00029049 WB:WBPerson712 Animals do not arrest mitotic germ cell division, as control animals, when treated with UV radiation. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001755 UV induced mitotic germ cell arrest defective Animals do not arrest mitotic germ cell division, as control animals, when treated with UV radiation. WB:WBPaper00028948 WB:WBPerson557 Programmed cell death caused by UV radiation is reduced compared to control animals. In C. elegans, this is often measured in the pachytene region of the gonad. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001756 UV induced apoptosis decreased Programmed cell death caused by UV radiation is reduced compared to control animals. In C. elegans, this is often measured in the pachytene region of the gonad. WB:WBPaper00028948 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in any process that involves the maintenance, biosynthesis or accumulation of signalling peptides in the organism compared to control. neuropeptide metabolism abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001757 neuropeptide metabolism variant Animals exhibit variations in any process that involves the maintenance, biosynthesis or accumulation of signalling peptides in the organism compared to control. WB:WBPerson712 Variations in the chemical reactions and pathways involved in the formation and maturation of specialized peptidergic neurotransmitters encoded as preproproteins that are posttranslationally processed to yield bioactive neuropeptides compared to control (Wormatlas). neuropeptide processing abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001758 neuropeptide processing variant Variations in the chemical reactions and pathways involved in the formation and maturation of specialized peptidergic neurotransmitters encoded as preproproteins that are posttranslationally processed to yield bioactive neuropeptides compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the biogenesis or stability of the 21U-RNA class of molecules compared to control. Molecules are classified as 21U-RNA based on the presence of a 5'U and a conserved upstream motif, which may specify the production of these molecules, in addition these molecules are typically 21nt in length. 21U RNA expression abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology piRNA expression abnormal WBPhenotype:0001759 21U RNA expression variant Variations in the biogenesis or stability of the 21U-RNA class of molecules compared to control. Molecules are classified as 21U-RNA based on the presence of a 5'U and a conserved upstream motif, which may specify the production of these molecules, in addition these molecules are typically 21nt in length. GO:0016070 WB:WBPaper00028915 WB:WBPaper00031962 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit an increase in the rate of deletion events in mono-G or G-rich tracts within the genome compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001760 G tract instability Animals exhibit an increase in the rate of deletion events in mono-G or G-rich tracts within the genome compared to control. WB:WBPaper00031945 WB:WBPerson712 Regulated ventral midline crossing by axons vary either in the frequency of crossing events or the maintenance through development of process positions compared to control. axon midline crossing abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001761 axon midline crossing variant Regulated ventral midline crossing by axons vary either in the frequency of crossing events or the maintenance through development of process positions compared to control. GO:0016199 WB:WBPaper00032007 WB:WBPerson712 Yolk is not taken up by oocytes in the same manner or to the same degree as observed for control animals. This often leads to an accumulation of yolk in the pseudocoelom. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001762 uptake of yolk defective Yolk is not taken up by oocytes in the same manner or to the same degree as observed for control animals. This often leads to an accumulation of yolk in the pseudocoelom. WB:WBPaper00003831 WB:WBPerson712 Uptake of subtances from the intestine is altered from that observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001763 uptake by intestinal cell defective Uptake of subtances from the intestine is altered from that observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00004883 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in their response to carbon dioxide compared to control. carbon dioxide response abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001764 carbon dioxide response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to carbon dioxide compared to control. WB:WBPerson712 Variations in the characteristic movement away from specific CO2 levels compared to control. C. elegans avoids high levels of CO2. carbon dioxide avoidance abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology CO2 avoidance abnormal Cdad WBPhenotype:0001765 carbon dioxide avoidance variant Variations in the characteristic movement away from specific CO2 levels compared to control. C. elegans avoids high levels of CO2. WB:WBPaper00031935 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Animals are more sensitive to the reduction of cholesterol in the environment compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001766 cholesterol depletion hypersensitive Animals are more sensitive to the reduction of cholesterol in the environment compared to control animals. GO:0042632 WB:WBPaper00026641 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Outgrowth of the commissure occurs on the side of the body different from that observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001767 commissure handedness defective Outgrowth of the commissure occurs on the side of the body different from that observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00032007 WB:WBPerson712 Variations in the quantity of circumferential axonal tracts from the number observed in control animals. commissure number abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001768 commissure number variant Variations in the quantity of circumferential axonal tracts from the number observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00032007 WB:WBPerson712 Animals fail to silence cytoplasmic-localized RNAs. Nuclear-localized RNAs may still be sensitive to RNAi. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001769 cytoplasmic RNAi defective Animals fail to silence cytoplasmic-localized RNAs. Nuclear-localized RNAs may still be sensitive to RNAi. WB:WBPaper00032049 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in their selective interactions with small interfering RNA molecules compared to control. endo siRNA binding abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001770 endo siRNA binding variant Animals exhibit variations in their selective interactions with small interfering RNA molecules compared to control. GO:0035197 WB:WBPaper00032049 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the length or amount of any endogenous small interfering RNA molecule populations compared to control. endo siRNA production abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001771 endo siRNA production variant Animals exhibit variations in the length or amount of any endogenous small interfering RNA molecule populations compared to control. WB:WBPaper00031932 WB:WBPaper00032049 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit an increase in the levels of transposase mRNA, from endogenous transposons, over that measured in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001772 endogenous transposase levels increased Animals exhibit an increase in the levels of transposase mRNA, from endogenous transposons, over that measured in control animals. WB:WBPaper00031962 WB:WBPerson712 Animals do not exhibit an increase in speed when placed in an environment that relies on a combination of swimming and crawling behaviors compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001773 enhanced locomotion defective Animals do not exhibit an increase in speed when placed in an environment that relies on a combination of swimming and crawling behaviors compared to control. WB:WBPaper00031965 WB:WBPerson712 An epidermal enclosure defect that results in internal organs lying on the outside of the embryo. Gex C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001774 gut on the exterior An epidermal enclosure defect that results in internal organs lying on the outside of the embryo. WB:WBPaper00005123 WB:WBPaper00032090 WB:WBPerson712 Pre-treatment with stress-inducing temperatures does not result in a life-span extension as it does in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001775 hormetic temperature induced life span extension defective Pre-treatment with stress-inducing temperatures does not result in a life-span extension as it does in control animals. WB:WBPaper00028750 WB:WBPaper00031942 WB:WBPerson712 Variations in the biogenesis and stability of the small interfering class of RNA molecules compared to control. In C. elegans these molecules are antisense to mRNA's and may be processed from long double-stranded RNA. siRNA expression abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001776 siRNA expression variant Variations in the biogenesis and stability of the small interfering class of RNA molecules compared to control. In C. elegans these molecules are antisense to mRNA's and may be processed from long double-stranded RNA. GO:0016070 WB:WBPaper00028915 WB:WBPaper00031962 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit an increase in the levels of nuclear mRNA species compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001777 pre mRNA levels increased Animals exhibit an increase in the levels of nuclear mRNA species compared to control. WB:WBPaper00032049 WB:WBPerson712 Animals fail to silence nuclear-localized RNAs. Animals still retain sensitivity to RNAi for those RNAs located outside of the nucleus. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001778 nuclear RNAi defective Animals fail to silence nuclear-localized RNAs. Animals still retain sensitivity to RNAi for those RNAs located outside of the nucleus. WB:WBPaper00032049 WB:WBPerson712 Variations in the biogenesis or stability of the microRNA class of molecules compared to control. In C. elegans these molecules are endogenous single-stranded regulatory molecules, 19-25 nucleotides long, with the potential to arise from hairpin, foldback, structures from their primary transcripts. miRNA expression abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001779 miRNA expression variant Variations in the biogenesis or stability of the microRNA class of molecules compared to control. In C. elegans these molecules are endogenous single-stranded regulatory molecules, 19-25 nucleotides long, with the potential to arise from hairpin, foldback, structures from their primary transcripts. GO:0035196 WB:WBPaper00028915 WB:WBPaper00029181 WB:WBPaper00030747 WB:WBPaper00031962 WB:WBPerson712 Variations in the behavioral plasticity induced by the integration of two sensory signals compared to control. In C. elegans animals exhibit enhancement of butanone chemotaxis by preexposure to butanone and food. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001780 associative learning variant Variations in the behavioral plasticity induced by the integration of two sensory signals compared to control. In C. elegans animals exhibit enhancement of butanone chemotaxis by preexposure to butanone and food. WB:WBPaper00029060 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals are more susceptible than control animals to the effects of a nucleic acid damaging agent. This increased susceptibility is often measured by an increase in the rate of spontaneous mutations or an increased lethality. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001781 hypersensitivity to mutagen Animals are more susceptible than control animals to the effects of a nucleic acid damaging agent. This increased susceptibility is often measured by an increase in the rate of spontaneous mutations or an increased lethality. WB:WBPaper00031945 WB:WBPerson712 Response to trace levels of oxygen is reduced or weakened compared to the response of control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001782 anoxia response attenuated Response to trace levels of oxygen is reduced or weakened compared to the response of control animals. WB:WBPaper00031981 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the actions of a channel that catalyses the transmembrane transfer of a cation when acetylcholine has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts compared to control animals. ligand gated channel activity abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001783 ligand gated channel activity variant Animals exhibit variations in the actions of a channel that catalyses the transmembrane transfer of a cation when acetylcholine has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts compared to control animals. GO:0022834 WB:WBPaper00031930 WB:WBPerson712 OBSOLETE: Animals are deficient in the formation or disassembly of lysosomes. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001784 obsolete lysosome homeostasis deficient true OBSOLETE: Animals are deficient in the formation or disassembly of lysosomes. GO:0007040 WB:WBPaper00029049 WB:WBPerson712 Animals are deficient in their recalled and repeated responses to stimuli they are exposed to during learning and memory paradigms. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001785 associative memory defective Animals are deficient in their recalled and repeated responses to stimuli they are exposed to during learning and memory paradigms. WB:WBPaper00031974 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the targeting, clustering and or maintenance of ion channels in distinct subcellular domains of the neuron compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001786 neuronal ion channel clustering defective Animals exhibit variations in the targeting, clustering and or maintenance of ion channels in distinct subcellular domains of the neuron compared to control animals. GO:0045161 WB:WBPaper00031930 WB:WBPerson712 Animals do not respond via directed movement to light stimuli in the same manner as control animals. In C. elegans, animals move away from light. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001787 phototaxis defective Animals do not respond via directed movement to light stimuli in the same manner as control animals. In C. elegans, animals move away from light. WB:WBPaper00031999 WB:WBPerson712 Animals survive longer than control animals after or during exposure to DNA damaging agents. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001788 resistant to mutagens Animals survive longer than control animals after or during exposure to DNA damaging agents. WB:WBPaper00031934 WB:WBPerson712 Life span of the animal is not influenced by changes in temperature in the same manner as control animals. temperature independent life span temperature influenced life span abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001789 temperature influenced life span variant Life span of the animal is not influenced by changes in temperature in the same manner as control animals. WB:WBPaper00031942 WB:WBPerson712 Cooling or warming evoked changes in membrane currents are not observed. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology ThRC absent WBPhenotype:0001790 thermoreceptor currents absent Cooling or warming evoked changes in membrane currents are not observed. WB:WBPaper00032060 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in temperature dependent differences in the length of their defecation cycle. In C. elegans the length of the cycle is the same at different temperatures, showing temperature compensation. defecation cycle temperature compensation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001791 defecation cycle temperature compensation variant Animals exhibit variations in temperature dependent differences in the length of their defecation cycle. In C. elegans the length of the cycle is the same at different temperatures, showing temperature compensation. WB:WBPaper00002315 WB:WBPerson712 Nuclei of specific cells are smaller compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001792 nuclei small Nuclei of specific cells are smaller compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 The anterior body contraction and expulsion steps of the defecation cycle are absent; posterior body contractions are still present. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Aex WBPhenotype:0001793 aboc expulsion missing The anterior body contraction and expulsion steps of the defecation cycle are absent; posterior body contractions are still present. WB:WBPaper00002776 WB:WBPerson712 Discrete foci within the cytoplasm containing congregations of mRNA translational suppression and degradation mechanisms vary in their arrangement, clustering or are otherwise not well-defined compared to control. cytoplasmic processing body abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology P body abnormal WBPhenotype:0001794 cytoplasmic processing body variant Discrete foci within the cytoplasm containing congregations of mRNA translational suppression and degradation mechanisms vary in their arrangement, clustering or are otherwise not well-defined compared to control. WB:WBPaper00031914 WB:WBPaper00032172 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in repeat lengths of microsatellite genomic sequences compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001795 microsatellite instability Animals exhibit variations in repeat lengths of microsatellite genomic sequences compared to control. WB:WBPaper00031859 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit increased sensitivity to interstrand cross-linking agents, such as HN2 (nitrogen mustard) and CDDP (cisplatin) compared to control. In C. elegans, increased sensitivity to these agents is often observed as a decrease in survival compared to control animals after exposure to the agent. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology interstrand cross link agent hypersensitive WBPhenotype:0001796 organism hypersensitive interstrand cross link agents Animals exhibit increased sensitivity to interstrand cross-linking agents, such as HN2 (nitrogen mustard) and CDDP (cisplatin) compared to control. In C. elegans, increased sensitivity to these agents is often observed as a decrease in survival compared to control animals after exposure to the agent. WB:WBPaper00031868 WB:WBPerson712 Germline nuclei do not progress through pachytene to diplotene. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001797 pachytene arrested germline nuclei Germline nuclei do not progress through pachytene to diplotene. WB:WBPaper00031914 WB:WBPerson712 The processes that inhibit the location or frequency of formation of synapses are downregulated resulting in the formation of synapses or synapse-like structures in areas of the neuron that are typically devoid of synapses in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001798 inhibition of synaptogenesis defective The processes that inhibit the location or frequency of formation of synapses are downregulated resulting in the formation of synapses or synapse-like structures in areas of the neuron that are typically devoid of synapses in control animals. GO:0051964 WB:WBPaper00032163 WB:WBPerson712 The processes that inhibit the location or frequency of formation of synapses are upregulated compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001799 inhibition of synaptogenesis hyperactive The processes that inhibit the location or frequency of formation of synapses are upregulated compared to control. GO:0051964 WB:WBPaper00032163 WB:WBPerson712 Changes in the levels of innate immune gene products in response to pathogen exposure are significantly different from that observed in control animals. antimicrobial gene expression abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001800 pathogen induced antimicrobial gene expression variant Changes in the levels of innate immune gene products in response to pathogen exposure are significantly different from that observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00031865 WB:WBPerson712 Animals fail to establish or maintain characteristics that delineate the dendrite from the axon. The exclusion of presynaptic components from the dendrite is one indication of axodendritic polarity. axodendritic polarity abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001801 axodendritic polarity variant Animals fail to establish or maintain characteristics that delineate the dendrite from the axon. The exclusion of presynaptic components from the dendrite is one indication of axodendritic polarity. WB:WBPaper00032163 WB:WBPerson712 Animals fail to relax their body wall muscles to the same extent as muscles in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001802 body wall muscle relaxation defective Animals fail to relax their body wall muscles to the same extent as muscles in control animals. WB:WBPaper00032190 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the formation or disassembly of membrane bound organelles that traffic material between the plasma membrane and internal compartments of the cell, compared to control. endosome biogenesis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001803 endosome biogenesis variant Animals exhibit variations in the formation or disassembly of membrane bound organelles that traffic material between the plasma membrane and internal compartments of the cell, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00032168 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit a decrease in the number of fat containing organelles compared to control. In C. elegans this number can be assayed by decreases in the number of Nile Red or BODIPY 493/503 staining bodies. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology lipid body number reduced WBPhenotype:0001804 fat associated bodies reduced Animals exhibit a decrease in the number of fat containing organelles compared to control. In C. elegans this number can be assayed by decreases in the number of Nile Red or BODIPY 493/503 staining bodies. WB:WBPaper00032168 WB:WBPerson712 Inner membrane of mitochondria are disconnected and form vesicular bodies. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001805 mitochondria vesiculated Inner membrane of mitochondria are disconnected and form vesicular bodies. GO:0007005 WB:WBPaper00032231 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the ability of a protein to resist disintegration via chemical or physical modifications compared to control. protein stabilization abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001806 protein stabilization variant Any variation in the ability of a protein to resist disintegration via chemical or physical modifications compared to control. WB:WBPaper00029085 WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the process of generating multiple mRNA molecules from a given set of exons by differential use of exons from the primary transcript(s) to form multiple mature mRNAs that vary in their exon composition compared to control. alternative splicing abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001807 alternative splicing variant Any variation in the process of generating multiple mRNA molecules from a given set of exons by differential use of exons from the primary transcript(s) to form multiple mature mRNAs that vary in their exon composition compared to control. GO:0000380 WB:WBPerson557 The degradation of genomic and or cellular material of the corpse does not occur at the same rate or under the same conditions as observed in control animals undergoing cell death. cell corpse digestion abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001808 cell corpse digestion variant The degradation of genomic and or cellular material of the corpse does not occur at the same rate or under the same conditions as observed in control animals undergoing cell death. WB:WBPaper00032272 WB:WBPerson712 The formation of mature intracellular compartments via membrane fusion is disrupted. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001809 organelle fusion defective The formation of mature intracellular compartments via membrane fusion is disrupted. WB:WBPaper00032272 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the partitioning of oocytes from each other compared to control animals. oocyte septum formation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology oocyte cellularization defective oocyte partition variant WBPhenotype:0001810 oocyte septum formation variant Animals exhibit variations in the partitioning of oocytes from each other compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00028947 Animals retain a significantly greater proportion of their fat upon serotonin treatment, compared to control. serotonin induced fat reduction abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology serotonin induced fat regulation WBPhenotype:0001811 serotonin induced fat reduction variant Animals retain a significantly greater proportion of their fat upon serotonin treatment, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00031915 WB:WBPerson2021 During development of the embryo, the epidermis loses integrity and the contents of the embryo are expelled. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001812 embryonic rupture During development of the embryo, the epidermis loses integrity and the contents of the embryo are expelled. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit defects in the stabilization of homologue pairing, which occurs through the initiation and formation of the synaptonemal complex, during meiosis. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001813 synapsis defective Animals exhibit defects in the stabilization of homologue pairing, which occurs through the initiation and formation of the synaptonemal complex, during meiosis. WB:WBPaper00032296 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit defects in the number or extent of connections between chromatids that occur during the process of genetic material exchange between homologous segments of non-sister chromatids. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology chiasma defective homologous recombination foci variant WBPhenotype:0001814 crossover defective Animals exhibit defects in the number or extent of connections between chromatids that occur during the process of genetic material exchange between homologous segments of non-sister chromatids. GO:0051026 WB:WBPaper00032296 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit defects in the asymmetric diassembly of the synaptonemal complex during progression through meiosis. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001815 desynapsis defective Animals exhibit defects in the asymmetric diassembly of the synaptonemal complex during progression through meiosis. WB:WBPaper00032296 WB:WBPerson712 Neuromuscular signaling between neurons and egg laying musculature varies from that observed for control animals. egg laying circuit abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001816 egg laying circuit variant Neuromuscular signaling between neurons and egg laying musculature varies from that observed for control animals. WB:WBPaper00032221 WB:WBPerson712 The conditioned aversion to a specific chemical compound as a result of that compound being coupled with an unfavorable condition, such as starvation, does not increase to the same extent as observed for control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology enhanced gustatory plasticity defective enhanced taste aversion defective starvation enhanced taste aversion defective WBPhenotype:0001817 enhanced taste aversion defective The conditioned aversion to a specific chemical compound as a result of that compound being coupled with an unfavorable condition, such as starvation, does not increase to the same extent as observed for control animals. WB:WBPaper00032335 WB:WBPerson712 Activity of the neuron varies from that observed for control animals or neurons. In C. elegans neuron activity is often assayed by observing calcium spikes. neuron activation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology neuron activity abnormal WBPhenotype:0001818 neuron activation variant Activity of the neuron varies from that observed for control animals or neurons. In C. elegans neuron activity is often assayed by observing calcium spikes. WB:WBPaper00032221 WB:WBPerson712 The number of pathogens associated with the animal vary from that associated with control animals. bacterial load variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001819 pathogen load variant The number of pathogens associated with the animal vary from that associated with control animals. WB:WBPaper00032196 WB:WBPerson712 Animals tend to accumulate at the thickest part of the bacterial lawn. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology bordering increased WBPhenotype:0001820 bordering Animals tend to accumulate at the thickest part of the bacterial lawn. WB:WBPaper00003187 WB:WBPaper00032342 WB:WBPerson712 Animals do not accumulate at the thickest part of the bacterial lawn. Animals do not preferentially deplete bacterial food at the thicker parts of the lawn. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001821 non bordering Animals do not accumulate at the thickest part of the bacterial lawn. Animals do not preferentially deplete bacterial food at the thicker parts of the lawn. WB:WBPaper00032342 WB:WBPerson712 Animals produce pheromone but it does not undergo controlled release into the environment. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001822 dauer pheromone secretion variant Animals produce pheromone but it does not undergo controlled release into the environment. WB:WBPaper00032517 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the mechanism by which sperm find their correct target destinations (spermatheca). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001823 sperm recruitment variant Any variation in the mechanism by which sperm find their correct target destinations (spermatheca). WB:WBPaper00028527 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit variations in any process necessary for the progression through prophase during meiosis compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001824 meiotic progression prophase variant Animals exhibit variations in any process necessary for the progression through prophase during meiosis compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00005486 WB:WBPerson557 Animals have very few or no germline nuclei and gonad arms that are very small or missing. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001825 rudimentary gonad Animals have very few or no germline nuclei and gonad arms that are very small or missing. WB:WBPaper00005486 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the regulated breakdown of RNA species via the action of cellular enzymes (RNases) compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001826 RNA degradation variant Variations in the regulated breakdown of RNA species via the action of cellular enzymes (RNases) compared to control. WB:WBPaper00032091 WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in any process that involves the maintenance, biosynthesis or accumulation of RNA in the organism compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001827 RNA metabolism variant Variations in any process that involves the maintenance, biosynthesis or accumulation of RNA in the organism compared to control. WB:WBPaper00004325 WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the persistence of an RNAi induced phenotype compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001828 RNAi persistence variant Variations in the persistence of an RNAi induced phenotype compared to control. WB:WBPaper00004325 WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation that results in the premature differentiation of spermatids into motile spermatozoa compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001829 premature spermatid activation Any variation that results in the premature differentiation of spermatids into motile spermatozoa compared to control. WB:WBPaper00033007 WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in an animal's response to exposure to multiple stressors occuring simultaneously or during an overlapping temporal window compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001830 response to multiple stressors variant Any variation in an animal's response to exposure to multiple stressors occuring simultaneously or during an overlapping temporal window compared to control. WB:WBPaper00031874 WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the formation of intestinal microvilli. Microvilli are actin-based cellular structures that form plasma membrane projections into the extracellular space and whose specialized shape provides increased cellular surface area. Microvilli are a crucial component of the terminal differentiation process for many epithelial cell types, usually ones that play an absorptive or filtering role. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001831 intestinal microvilli variant Any variation in the formation of intestinal microvilli. Microvilli are actin-based cellular structures that form plasma membrane projections into the extracellular space and whose specialized shape provides increased cellular surface area. Microvilli are a crucial component of the terminal differentiation process for many epithelial cell types, usually ones that play an absorptive or filtering role. WB:WBPaper00025171 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation that disrupts the assembly, distribution, localization or organization of any of the numerous similar discrete openings in the nuclear envelope, where the inner and outer nuclear membranes are joined. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001832 nuclear pore variant Any variation that disrupts the assembly, distribution, localization or organization of any of the numerous similar discrete openings in the nuclear envelope, where the inner and outer nuclear membranes are joined. GO:0005643 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the directed movement of substances in a cell, from one side of a membrane to another, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology membrane transport variant transporter activity variant WBPhenotype:0001833 membrane trafficking variant Any variation in the directed movement of substances in a cell, from one side of a membrane to another, compared to control. GO:0005215 WB:WBPaper00025137 WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the processes regulating the excision of intervening introns from the primary mRNA transcript, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001834 mRNA splicing variant Variations in the processes regulating the excision of intervening introns from the primary mRNA transcript, compared to control. GO:0008380 WB:WBPaper00032287 WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the amount of energy consumed by an organism compared to control. Energy expenditure is often determined by assaying oxygen consumption. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001835 energy expenditure variant Variations in the amount of energy consumed by an organism compared to control. Energy expenditure is often determined by assaying oxygen consumption. WB:WBPaper00032936 WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the overall structure or appearance of the protective barrier which isolates the embryo from the external environment, compared to control . C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001836 eggshell morphology variant Any variation in the overall structure or appearance of the protective barrier which isolates the embryo from the external environment, compared to control . WB:WBPaper00033072 WB:WBPerson2021 Life span of the animal is not influenced by changes in diet in the same manner as control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001837 diet induced life span variant Life span of the animal is not influenced by changes in diet in the same manner as control animals. WB:WBPaper00032936 WB:WBPerson2021 Gene expression of an animal is not influenced by drug treatment in the same manner as control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001838 drug induced gene expression variant Gene expression of an animal is not influenced by drug treatment in the same manner as control animals. WB:WBPaper00033094 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals fail to respond to the concentration of phorbol esters that elicit a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. Phorbol esters such as PMA act as DAG mimetics. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001839 phorbol ester resistant Animals fail to respond to the concentration of phorbol esters that elicit a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. Phorbol esters such as PMA act as DAG mimetics. WB:WBPaper00033094 WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the processes that restore integrity to a damaged tissue following an injury, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology wound healing variant WBPhenotype:0001840 response to injury variant Variations in the processes that restore integrity to a damaged tissue following an injury, compared to control. GO:0042060 WB:WBPaper00033094 WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in a series of molecular signals that help relay a receptor mediated signal within the cell, compared to control. Second messengers often comprise of ions (eg: Ca2+) or small molecules (cGMP, cAMP etc) that are formed or released into the cytosol. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001841 second messenger mediated signaling variant Any variation in a series of molecular signals that help relay a receptor mediated signal within the cell, compared to control. Second messengers often comprise of ions (eg: Ca2+) or small molecules (cGMP, cAMP etc) that are formed or released into the cytosol. GO:0019932 WB:WBPaper00033456 WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the state or activity of an organism as a result of abrupt discontinuation or decreased dosage of a drug, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology rebound response defective WBPhenotype:0001842 drug withdrawal response variant Any variation in the state or activity of an organism as a result of abrupt discontinuation or decreased dosage of a drug, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00033168 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit variations in any process that involves the degradation, biosynthesis or accumulation of hormones within the organism compared to control. Hormones are naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affect the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001843 hormone metabolism variant Animals exhibit variations in any process that involves the degradation, biosynthesis or accumulation of hormones within the organism compared to control. Hormones are naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affect the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone. GO:0042445 WB:WBPaper00034639 WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology fat granule regulated breakdown variant fat granule regulated hydrolysis variant lipid lysis regulation variant regulation of lipid catabolic process variant WBPhenotype:0001844 lipid hydrolysis regulation variant Variations in the process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids, compared to control. GO:0050994 WB:WBPaper00033126 WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the covalent alteration of one or more components (eg: fatty acids, sterols etc.) in a lipid, resulting in a change in the properties of the lipid, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001845 lipid modification variant Variations in the covalent alteration of one or more components (eg: fatty acids, sterols etc.) in a lipid, resulting in a change in the properties of the lipid, compared to control. GO:0030258 WB:WBPaper00034639 WB:WBPerson2021 Early phagosomes fail to undergo the maturation process following the ingestion of particulate material by phagocytosis; During maturation, phagosomes acquire markers of late endosomes and lysosomes. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001846 phagosome maturation defective Early phagosomes fail to undergo the maturation process following the ingestion of particulate material by phagocytosis; During maturation, phagosomes acquire markers of late endosomes and lysosomes. GO:0001845 WB:WBPaper00031805 WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the processes that facilitate/permit dauer entry when exposed to specific sterol molecules, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001847 sterol induced dauer formation variant Variations in the processes that facilitate/permit dauer entry when exposed to specific sterol molecules, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00034639 WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the process by which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized, compared to control. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form or shape. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology tubulogenesis variant WBPhenotype:0001848 tube morphogenesis variant Variations in the process by which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized, compared to control. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form or shape. GO:0035239 WB:WBPaper00033081 WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the regulation of levels, transport, and metabolism of zinc ions within an organism compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001849 zinc homeostasis variant Variations in the regulation of levels, transport, and metabolism of zinc ions within an organism compared to control. GO:0006882 WB:WBPaper00033166 WB:WBPerson2021 Programmed cell death of germ cells caused by exposure to ionizing energy does not occur to the same extent as it does in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001850 radiation induced germ cell apoptosis variant Programmed cell death of germ cells caused by exposure to ionizing energy does not occur to the same extent as it does in control animals. WB:WBPaper00032243 WB:WBPaper00032356 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in radiation induced non-apoptotic death of multipotential precursor cells or tissues (clonogens) compared to control. Elimination of clonogens results in normal tissue damage as well as solid-tumor eradication. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001851 radiation induced reproductive cell death variant Animals exhibit variations in radiation induced non-apoptotic death of multipotential precursor cells or tissues (clonogens) compared to control. Elimination of clonogens results in normal tissue damage as well as solid-tumor eradication. WB:WBPaper00027700 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit variations in their response to an agent that destroys or causes the expulsion of parasitic intestinal worms compared to that observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001852 antihelmintic response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to an agent that destroys or causes the expulsion of parasitic intestinal worms compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00035074 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit variations in their response to the amino-acetonitrile derivatives (AADs) class of synthetic anthelmintics, compared to that observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001853 AAD response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to the amino-acetonitrile derivatives (AADs) class of synthetic anthelmintics, compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00035150 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit variations in their response to the microtubule-depolymerizing drug benomyl, compared to that observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001854 benomyl response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to the microtubule-depolymerizing drug benomyl, compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00035150 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals fail to respond to the concentration of fluoride ions that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to fluoride ions to elicit the response compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001855 fluoride resistant Animals fail to respond to the concentration of fluoride ions that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to fluoride ions to elicit the response compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00035174 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit variations in their response to ivermectin, an agonist of glutamate-gated chloride channels, compared to that observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001856 ivermectin response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to ivermectin, an agonist of glutamate-gated chloride channels, compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00035150 WB:WBPaper00035194 WB:WBPerson2021 Gene expression of an animal is not influenced by the exposure to disease causing agents in the same manner as control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001857 pathogen induced gene expression variant Gene expression of an animal is not influenced by the exposure to disease causing agents in the same manner as control animals. WB:WBPaper00035315 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals fail to suppress head oscillations in response to anterior touch. In C. elegans, this behavior is a result of tyraminergic signaling. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Sho WBPhenotype:0001858 suppression of head oscillations defective Animals fail to suppress head oscillations in response to anterior touch. In C. elegans, this behavior is a result of tyraminergic signaling. WB:WBPaper00031692 WB:WBPaper00034683 WB:WBPerson2021 Sho WB:WBPaper00025096 Any variation in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on DNA or RNA to form the complex that mediates dosage compensation on one or more X chromosomes, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology DCC localization variant WBPhenotype:0001859 Possible xp. Dosage compensation complex assembly variant Any variation in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on DNA or RNA to form the complex that mediates dosage compensation on one or more X chromosomes, compared to control. GO:0042714 WB:WBPaper00035328 WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from recycling endosomes back to the plasma membrane where they are recycled for further rounds of transport, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001860 endocytic recycling defective Variations in the directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from recycling endosomes back to the plasma membrane where they are recycled for further rounds of transport, compared to control. GO:0032456 WB:WBPaper00035466 WB:WBPerson2021 Gene expression of an animal is not influenced by environmental changes in the same manner as control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001861 environmental stimuli induced gene expression variant Gene expression of an animal is not influenced by environmental changes in the same manner as control animals. WB:WBPaper00035435 WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the regulation of levels, transport, and metabolism of manganese ions within an organism compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001862 Possible XP. manganese homeostasis variant Variations in the regulation of levels, transport, and metabolism of manganese ions within an organism compared to control. GO:0030026 WB:WBPaper00035485 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit variations in their response to manganese compared to that observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001863 Possible XP. manganese response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to manganese compared to that observed in control animals. GO:0010042 WB:WBPaper00035485 WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the processes that modulate the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of, within or between cells by means of some external agent such as a transporter or pore compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001864 Possible XP. protein transport variant Any variation in the processes that modulate the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of, within or between cells by means of some external agent such as a transporter or pore compared to control. GO:0051223 WB:WBPaper00035491 WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the process by which one or more ubiquitin moieties are added to a protein, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology protein ubiquitylation variant WBPhenotype:0001865 Possible XP. protein ubiquitination variant Variations in the process by which one or more ubiquitin moieties are added to a protein, compared to control. GO:0016567 WB:WBPaper00035602 WB:WBPerson2021 Animals exhibit a reduction in pathogen accumulation, persistent colonization, and luminal distension of the intestine. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Rpa WBPhenotype:0001866 reduced pathogen accumulation Animals exhibit a reduction in pathogen accumulation, persistent colonization, and luminal distension of the intestine. GO:0009617 GO:0045087 WB:WBPaper00035215 WB:WBPerson2987 Early embryos exhibit defects in the assembly, disassembly, arrangement, elongation or stabilization of the microtubule spindle asters during a mitotic cell cycle. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001867 mitotic spindle asters defective early emb Early embryos exhibit defects in the assembly, disassembly, arrangement, elongation or stabilization of the microtubule spindle asters during a mitotic cell cycle. WB:WBPaper00032910 WB:WBPerson2987 Cells undergoing meiosis exhibit defects in the overall function or activity of the meiotic spindle. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001868 meiotic spindle defective Cells undergoing meiosis exhibit defects in the overall function or activity of the meiotic spindle. WB:WBPaper00032910 WB:WBPerson2987 Cells undergoing meiosis exhibit defects in the positioning of the meiotic spindle. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001869 meiotic spindle positioning defective Cells undergoing meiosis exhibit defects in the positioning of the meiotic spindle. WB:WBPaper00032910 WB:WBPerson2987 Cells undergoing meiosis exhibit defects in the rotation of the meiotic spindle. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001870 meiotic spindle rotation defective Cells undergoing meiosis exhibit defects in the rotation of the meiotic spindle. WB:WBPaper00032910 WB:WBPerson2987 Life span of the animal is not influenced by drug exposure in the same manner as control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001871 drug induced life span variant Life span of the animal is not influenced by drug exposure in the same manner as control animals. WB:WBPaper00035656 WB:WBPerson2021 Locomotion of the animal is not influenced by drug exposure in the same manner as control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001872 drug induced locomotion variant Locomotion of the animal is not influenced by drug exposure in the same manner as control animals. WB:WBPaper00035656 WB:WBPerson2021 Early embryos exhibit defects in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the meiotic spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated and/or homologous chromosomes apart. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001873 meiotic spindle assembly defective Early embryos exhibit defects in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the meiotic spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated and/or homologous chromosomes apart. WB:WBPaper00032910 WB:WBPerson2987 Any variation in the conjugation of the ubiquitin-like protein Nedd8 to another protein compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001874 Possible XP. protein neddylation variant Any variation in the conjugation of the ubiquitin-like protein Nedd8 to another protein compared to control. GO:0045116 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Chromosomal masses fail to fully separate and remained linked during anaphase. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology chromosome bridging lagging chromatin WBPhenotype:0001875 anaphase bridging Chromosomal masses fail to fully separate and remained linked during anaphase. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the formation or disassembly of the cylindrical structures that are composed of groupings of microtubules found close to the nucleus (centrioles) compared to control. Centrioles are arranged perpendicularly and are surrounded by an amorphous mass of dense material (the pericentriolar material). The centrioles and the pericentriolar material constitute the compound structure known as the centrosome. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001876 centriole biogenesis variant Any variation in the formation or disassembly of the cylindrical structures that are composed of groupings of microtubules found close to the nucleus (centrioles) compared to control. Centrioles are arranged perpendicularly and are surrounded by an amorphous mass of dense material (the pericentriolar material). The centrioles and the pericentriolar material constitute the compound structure known as the centrosome. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the structure, form or composition of the membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001877 nuclear membrane morphology variant Any variation in the structure, form or composition of the membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated, compared to control. GO:0005634 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the response to the addition of hydroxyurea compared to that observed in control animals. Hydroxyurea stops DNA from being replicated. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology HU response variant hydroxycarbamide response variant WBPhenotype:0001878 hydroxyurea response variant Animals exhibit variations in the response to the addition of hydroxyurea compared to that observed in control animals. Hydroxyurea stops DNA from being replicated. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals respond to hydroxyurea at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001879 hydroxyurea hypersensitive Animals respond to hydroxyurea at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the form, structure or composition of the endoplasmic reticulum compared to control. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an irregular network of membranes, that occurs in the cytoplasm, and forms a complex meshwork of tubular channels. The ER has two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001880 endoplasmic reticulum morphology variant Any variation in the form, structure or composition of the endoplasmic reticulum compared to control. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an irregular network of membranes, that occurs in the cytoplasm, and forms a complex meshwork of tubular channels. The ER has two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached). GO:0005783 WB:WBPaper00025163 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the normally asymmetric distribution of the endoplasmic reticulum during cell divisions of the early embryo. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an irregular network of membranes, that occurs in the cytoplasm, and forms a complex meshwork of tubular channels. The ER has two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001881 endoplasmic reticulum symmetry variant early emb Any variation in the normally asymmetric distribution of the endoplasmic reticulum during cell divisions of the early embryo. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an irregular network of membranes, that occurs in the cytoplasm, and forms a complex meshwork of tubular channels. The ER has two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached). WB:WBPaper00025163 WB:WBPerson2987 Any variation in the number of chromosomes in a cell compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001882 aneuploidy Any variation in the number of chromosomes in a cell compared to control. WB:WBPaper00032450 WB:WBPerson2987 Embryos exhibit defects in the formation of the groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate at the onset of cytokinesis. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001885 cleavage furrow initiation defective early emb Embryos exhibit defects in the formation of the groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate at the onset of cytokinesis. WB:WBPaper00024200 WB:WBPerson2987 Embryos exhibit defects in the maintenance or termination of the groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate during cytokinesis. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001886 cleavage furrow termination defective early emb Embryos exhibit defects in the maintenance or termination of the groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate during cytokinesis. WB:WBPaper00024200 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals execute supernumerary cell divisions during the development of the lateral, alae-producing epithelial cells, resulting in a larger number of these cells than control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001887 excess seam cells Animals execute supernumerary cell divisions during the development of the lateral, alae-producing epithelial cells, resulting in a larger number of these cells than control animals. WB:WBPaper00032974 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit an increase in the number of fat containing organelles compared to control. In C. elegans this number can be assayed by increases in the number of BODIPY 493/503 staining. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology lipid body number increased lipid droplet expansion WBPhenotype:0001888 fat associated bodies increased Animals exhibit an increase in the number of fat containing organelles compared to control. In C. elegans this number can be assayed by increases in the number of BODIPY 493/503 staining. WB:WBPaper00035972 WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation in the form, structure or composition of the repeating units of a myofibrils in a muscle cell that are composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001889 body wall muscle sarcomere morphology variant Any variation in the form, structure or composition of the repeating units of a myofibrils in a muscle cell that are composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments, compared to control. GO:0030017 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the attachment plaque for thin filaments onto the cell membrane. The dense body in body wall muscles is especially large, indenting far into the cytoplasm to border each sarcomere, thus providing a long row of coherent attachment sites at regular intervals (WormAtlas). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001890 body wall muscle dense body variant Any variation in the attachment plaque for thin filaments onto the cell membrane. The dense body in body wall muscles is especially large, indenting far into the cytoplasm to border each sarcomere, thus providing a long row of coherent attachment sites at regular intervals (WormAtlas). WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of a planar structure within the muscle sarcomere which lies midway within the thick filament (A) band, attaching to the plasma membrane at its base and running up towards the inward surface of the myofilament lattice, compared to control animals (Wormatlas). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001891 M line variant Animals exhibit variations in the form, structure or composition of a planar structure within the muscle sarcomere which lies midway within the thick filament (A) band, attaching to the plasma membrane at its base and running up towards the inward surface of the myofilament lattice, compared to control animals (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the levels of the polymerized form of glucose throughout the body of the animal as compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001892 glycogen levels variant Any variation in the levels of the polymerized form of glucose throughout the body of the animal as compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00033086 WB:WBPerson2987 Any reduction in the membrane potential (voltage gradient) across the inner mitochondrial membrane compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001893 mitochondrial membrane potential reduced Any reduction in the membrane potential (voltage gradient) across the inner mitochondrial membrane compared to control. WB:WBPaper00033162 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit variations in the number of nuclei contained in a particular cell type compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001894 nuclear number variant Animals exhibit variations in the number of nuclei contained in a particular cell type compared to control. WB:WBPaper00033438 WB:WBPerson2987 Parental chromosomes fail to undergo appropriate mixing upon pronuclear fusion resulting in a zygotic nucleus in which parental genomes remain segregated. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology pronuclear fusion defective WBPhenotype:0001895 parental chromosome mixing defective Parental chromosomes fail to undergo appropriate mixing upon pronuclear fusion resulting in a zygotic nucleus in which parental genomes remain segregated. GO:0007344 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit a decrease in the extent of activation of programmed cell death by exposure to the nucleic acid damaging agent, gamma irradiation, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001896 gamma ray induced apoptosis decreased Animals exhibit a decrease in the extent of activation of programmed cell death by exposure to the nucleic acid damaging agent, gamma irradiation, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00036343 WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus (electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light) compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Lite WBPhenotype:0001897 light response variant Variations in the state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus (electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light) compared to control. GO:0009416 WB:WBPaper00032087 WB:WBPerson2021 Variations in the process by which sister chromatids, identical chromosomes resulting from DNA replication, are physically separated during the meiotic cell cycle, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001898 meiotic sister chromatid segregation variant Variations in the process by which sister chromatids, identical chromosomes resulting from DNA replication, are physically separated during the meiotic cell cycle, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00034684 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit variations in the amount of glutathione compared to control animals at a defined stage. Glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001899 glutathione levels variant Animals exhibit variations in the amount of glutathione compared to control animals at a defined stage. Glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins. GO:0006749 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit a decrease in the cellular levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), compared to control. Reduced levels of GSH may be an indication of susceptibility to oxidative stress. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology reduced levels of GSH WBPhenotype:0001900 reduced levels of reduced glutathione Animals exhibit a decrease in the cellular levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), compared to control. Reduced levels of GSH may be an indication of susceptibility to oxidative stress. WB:WBPaper00034717 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit variations in the formation or disassembly of fat containing organelles compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology lipid body variant WBPhenotype:0001901 fat associated bodies variant Animals exhibit variations in the formation or disassembly of fat containing organelles compared to control. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit an increase in the size of fat containing organelles compared to control. In C. elegans this can be assayed by BODIPY 493/503 staining. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology lipid body size increased WBPhenotype:0001902 fat associated body size increased Animals exhibit an increase in the size of fat containing organelles compared to control. In C. elegans this can be assayed by BODIPY 493/503 staining. WB:WBPaper00034742 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit variations in the formation, maturation or disassembly of the centrosome (a subcellular body consisting of two centrioles embedded in a protein matrix). The centrosome serves as a microtubule organizing center as well as a regulator of cell-cycle progression. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001903 centrosome biogenesis variant Animals exhibit variations in the formation, maturation or disassembly of the centrosome (a subcellular body consisting of two centrioles embedded in a protein matrix). The centrosome serves as a microtubule organizing center as well as a regulator of cell-cycle progression. WB:WBPerson557 Animals fail to exhibit toxicity to the concentration of manganese that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. In C. elegans toxic responses to manganese include dopamine (DA) neuron neurodegeneration. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001904 manganese toxicity resistant Animals fail to exhibit toxicity to the concentration of manganese that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. In C. elegans toxic responses to manganese include dopamine (DA) neuron neurodegeneration. WB:WBPaper00035259 WB:WBPerson557 Animals lay fewer total number of eggs over the lifetime of the animal. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001905 fewer eggs laid Animals lay fewer total number of eggs over the lifetime of the animal. WB:WBPaper00035252 WB:WBPerson2987 During epidermal morphogenesis, hypodermal cells do not properly undergo the characteristic cell shape changes necessary for the embryo to elongate. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001906 hypodermal cell elongation defective During epidermal morphogenesis, hypodermal cells do not properly undergo the characteristic cell shape changes necessary for the embryo to elongate. WB:WBPaper00003991 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit defects in the generation of the dorsal epithelial sheet, which entails distinct cell shape changes and movements to affect the interdigitation of two rows of dorsal cells resulting in a single row of cells across the dorsal midline. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001907 dorsal intercalation defective Animals exhibit defects in the generation of the dorsal epithelial sheet, which entails distinct cell shape changes and movements to affect the interdigitation of two rows of dorsal cells resulting in a single row of cells across the dorsal midline. WB:WBPaper00003991 WB:WBPerson712 The animal displays defects in any step of the ventral enclosure process resulting an embryo that is not enclosed and or with interior cells protruding out of the embryo. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001908 ventral closure defective The animal displays defects in any step of the ventral enclosure process resulting an embryo that is not enclosed and or with interior cells protruding out of the embryo. WB:WBPaper00003991 WB:WBPerson712 OBSOLETE. Any variation in the prevention of mRNA translation that normally occurs in certain cells, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001909 obsolete translational repression variant true OBSOLETE. Any variation in the prevention of mRNA translation that normally occurs in certain cells, compared to control. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the assembly, arrangement, orientation, or disassembly of the kinetochore, a multisubunit protein complex on chromosomes where the spindle fibers attach during cell division to pull the chromosomes apart. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001910 Possible XP. kinetochore organization variant Animals exhibit variations in the assembly, arrangement, orientation, or disassembly of the kinetochore, a multisubunit protein complex on chromosomes where the spindle fibers attach during cell division to pull the chromosomes apart. GO:0051383 WB:WBPaper00035270 WB:WBPerson557 Animals do not regrow axons following axon loss or damage, to the same extent, or in the same manner as observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001911 axon regeneration defective Animals do not regrow axons following axon loss or damage, to the same extent, or in the same manner as observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 The number of coelomocytes are reduced compared to control animals. Coelomocytes are free-floating spherical cells lying in the pseudocoelomic cavity of animals that can endocytose many compounds. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001912 fewer coelomocytes The number of coelomocytes are reduced compared to control animals. Coelomocytes are free-floating spherical cells lying in the pseudocoelomic cavity of animals that can endocytose many compounds. WB:WBPaper00035290 WB:WBPerson2987 The number of coelomocytes are increased compared to control animals. Coelomocytes are free-floating spherical cells lying in the pseudocoelomic cavity of animals that can endocytose many compounds. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001913 excess coelomocytes The number of coelomocytes are increased compared to control animals. Coelomocytes are free-floating spherical cells lying in the pseudocoelomic cavity of animals that can endocytose many compounds. WB:WBPaper00035290 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals contain fewer pharyngeal cells compared to control animals. In C. elegans, pharyngeal cells are derived from MS-blastomere. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001914 fewer pharyngeal cells Animals contain fewer pharyngeal cells compared to control animals. In C. elegans, pharyngeal cells are derived from MS-blastomere. WB:WBPaper00035290 WB:WBPerson2987 Any variation that results in the cellular expression of an mRNA in cells/tissues, that is otherwise not observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001915 mRNA expression ectopic Any variation that results in the cellular expression of an mRNA in cells/tissues, that is otherwise not observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00035290 WB:WBPerson2987 Pathogens internally associated with the animal exhibit an increase in survival compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001916 increased pathogen survival Pathogens internally associated with the animal exhibit an increase in survival compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00035289 WB:WBPerson2987 Variations in the processes that incorporate acetyl groups to one or more amino acids within a protein, compared to control. An acetyl group is CH3CO-. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001917 protein acetylation variant Variations in the processes that incorporate acetyl groups to one or more amino acids within a protein, compared to control. An acetyl group is CH3CO-. GO:0006473 WB:WBPaper00025192 WB:WBPerson557 Animals respond to a specific chemical at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001918 chemical hypersensitive Animals respond to a specific chemical at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit larger inclusions within the intestinal cytoplasm, including birefringent crystalline objects and other dark-staining endosomes. In C. elegans these contents typically include glycogen granules (polysaccharide storage), rhabditin (carbohydrate storage), yolk granules (lipid and protein), and concentrated waste products (Wormatlas). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001919 gut granules enlarged Animals exhibit larger inclusions within the intestinal cytoplasm, including birefringent crystalline objects and other dark-staining endosomes. In C. elegans these contents typically include glycogen granules (polysaccharide storage), rhabditin (carbohydrate storage), yolk granules (lipid and protein), and concentrated waste products (Wormatlas). WB:WBPaper00035924 WB:WBPerson2987 The growth of pharyngeal components occurs in a radial fashion around the longitudinal axis of the worm as demonstrated by bent radial contractile arrays within the pharyngeal muscle cells. The defect is more pronounced as development progresses resulting in a more obvious twisting phenotype. Depending on the allele, the twist can be right-handed or left-handed C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Twp pharynx twisted WBPhenotype:0001920 twisted pharynx The growth of pharyngeal components occurs in a radial fashion around the longitudinal axis of the worm as demonstrated by bent radial contractile arrays within the pharyngeal muscle cells. The defect is more pronounced as development progresses resulting in a more obvious twisting phenotype. Depending on the allele, the twist can be right-handed or left-handed WB:WBPaper00030736 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the creation of double-strand breaks that occur during meiosis that may result in the initiation of meiotic recombination. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001921 Possible XP. meiotic DNA double strand break formation variant Any variation in the creation of double-strand breaks that occur during meiosis that may result in the initiation of meiotic recombination. GO:0042138 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules in nerve cell axons. axon transport variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology axon cargo transport variant WBPhenotype:0001922 Possible XP. axonal transport variant Any variation in the directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules in nerve cell axons. GO:0008088 WB:WBPerson557 The population of the lateral, alae-producing epithelial cells (seam cells) is reduced compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001923 fewer seam cells The population of the lateral, alae-producing epithelial cells (seam cells) is reduced compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00034768 Oocytes are found one on top of the other in the dorsal to ventral orientation in the gonad. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001924 oocytes stacked Oocytes are found one on top of the other in the dorsal to ventral orientation in the gonad. WB:WBPerson557 Oocytes are no longer arranged in the gonad in the same manner as control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001925 oocytes disorganized Oocytes are no longer arranged in the gonad in the same manner as control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Basal contraction rate and or peak contraction rate of the gonadal sheath is increased relative to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001926 gonad sheath contraction rate increased Basal contraction rate and or peak contraction rate of the gonadal sheath is increased relative to control animals. WB:WBPaper00027739 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals produce an excess number of distal tip cells compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001927 extra distal tip cells Animals produce an excess number of distal tip cells compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00033102 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals produce an excess number of gonad arms compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001928 extra gonad arms Animals produce an excess number of gonad arms compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00033102 WB:WBPerson2987 The gonads of male animals do not produce the linker cell involved in guiding the developing male gonad to the sex organs in the male tail. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001929 linker cell absent The gonads of male animals do not produce the linker cell involved in guiding the developing male gonad to the sex organs in the male tail. WB:WBPaper00033102 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals extend altered or fewer numbers of dorsal and or ventral muscle arms compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Madd muscle arm extension defective WBPhenotype:0001930 muscle arm development defective Animals extend altered or fewer numbers of dorsal and or ventral muscle arms compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00032907 WB:WBPerson712 The morphology or number of connections between muscle arms and commissural motor axons varies from control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001931 muscle arm axon connection variant The morphology or number of connections between muscle arms and commissural motor axons varies from control animals. WB:WBPaper00032907 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit ectopic plasma membrane extensions from muscle, these extensions are random projections that are thinner than the typical muscle arm. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001932 myopodia present Animals exhibit ectopic plasma membrane extensions from muscle, these extensions are random projections that are thinner than the typical muscle arm. WB:WBPaper00032907 WB:WBPerson712 The pattern of localization of presynaptic markers is disrupted compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Sam WBPhenotype:0001933 synaptic vesicle tag abnormal in mechanosensory neurons The pattern of localization of presynaptic markers is disrupted compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00035070 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the extension of vulval muscles compared to control. In C. elegans contralateral vulval muscles fail to meet at the midline. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Vme WBPhenotype:0001934 vulval muscle extension variant Any variation in the extension of vulval muscles compared to control. In C. elegans contralateral vulval muscles fail to meet at the midline. WB:WBPaper00036485 WB:WBPerson712 Animals become paralyzed in response to aggregation of proteins like poly-glutamine or beta-amyloid. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001935 protein aggregation induced paralysis Animals become paralyzed in response to aggregation of proteins like poly-glutamine or beta-amyloid. WB:WBPaper00033115 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals fail to respond to the aggregation of proteins that elicits a paralysis response in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001936 resistant to protein aggregation induced paralysis Animals fail to respond to the aggregation of proteins that elicits a paralysis response in control animals. WB:WBPaper00033115 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals respond to protein aggregation at a lower concentration of aggregates or in less time compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001937 hypersensitive to protein aggregation induced paralysis Animals respond to protein aggregation at a lower concentration of aggregates or in less time compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00033115 WB:WBPerson2987 Any variation in the process of restoring DNA after damage. DNA damage can be caused by a many chemical or physical agents, and this damage is repaired by a variety of different DNA repair pathways. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001938 DNA repair variant Any variation in the process of restoring DNA after damage. DNA damage can be caused by a many chemical or physical agents, and this damage is repaired by a variety of different DNA repair pathways. GO:0006281 WB:WBPerson557 Animals are not repelled by bitter tastants such as quinine, primaquine quinacrine etc., to the same extent as control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001939 bitter tastant response variant Animals are not repelled by bitter tastants such as quinine, primaquine quinacrine etc., to the same extent as control animals. WB:WBPaper00035961 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the form, structure or composition of the nucleus-free core of germ line cytoplasm in the gonad compared to control animals. In the C. elegans germline, nuclei exiting mitosis and entering meiosis are arranged along the cortex of the germline, partially enclosed by cellular membrane, forming a nucleus-free core of germline cytoplasm, called the rachis. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology rachis morphology abnormal WBPhenotype:0001940 rachis morphology variant Any variation in the form, structure or composition of the nucleus-free core of germ line cytoplasm in the gonad compared to control animals. In the C. elegans germline, nuclei exiting mitosis and entering meiosis are arranged along the cortex of the germline, partially enclosed by cellular membrane, forming a nucleus-free core of germline cytoplasm, called the rachis. WB:WBPaper00031889 WB:WBPerson557 The nucleus-free core of germline cytoplasm in the gonad is not as wide as control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001941 rachis narrow The nucleus-free core of germline cytoplasm in the gonad is not as wide as control animals. WB:WBPaper00038381 WB:WBPerson557 The nucleus-free core of germline cytoplasm in the gonad is missing. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001942 rachis absent The nucleus-free core of germline cytoplasm in the gonad is missing. WB:WBPaper00038381 WB:WBPerson557 The width of the nucleus-free core of germline cytoplasm in the gonad is larger compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001943 rachis wide The width of the nucleus-free core of germline cytoplasm in the gonad is larger compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00038381 WB:WBPerson557 A decreased number of celullarized haploid female germ cells (oocytes) are present in the gonad compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology fewer oocytes WBPhenotype:0001944 oocyte number decreased A decreased number of celullarized haploid female germ cells (oocytes) are present in the gonad compared to control. WB:WBPaper00038381 WB:WBPerson557 The size of haploid female germ cells (oocytes) are significantly smaller compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001945 oocytes small The size of haploid female germ cells (oocytes) are significantly smaller compared to control. WB:WBPaper00038381 WB:WBPerson557 Developing oocytes show defects in their entry, progression through or exit from the pachytene stage compared to control animals. Pachytene is a cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through the third stage of prophase I in meiosis, in which crossing over occurs between a chromatid in one partner and another chromatid in the homologous chromosome. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001946 pachytene progression during oogenesis variant Developing oocytes show defects in their entry, progression through or exit from the pachytene stage compared to control animals. Pachytene is a cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through the third stage of prophase I in meiosis, in which crossing over occurs between a chromatid in one partner and another chromatid in the homologous chromosome. GO:0000239 WB:WBPaper00038381 WB:WBPerson557 Developing oocytes show defects in their entry, progression through or exit from the diplotene stage compared to control animals. Diplotene is a cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through the fourth stage of prophase I in meiosis, in which the homologous chromosomes begin to separate and the synaptonemal complex dissolves. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001947 diplotene progression during oogenesis variant Developing oocytes show defects in their entry, progression through or exit from the diplotene stage compared to control animals. Diplotene is a cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through the fourth stage of prophase I in meiosis, in which the homologous chromosomes begin to separate and the synaptonemal complex dissolves. GO:0000240 WB:WBPaper00038381 WB:WBPerson557 Developing oocytes show defects in their entry, progression through or exit from the diakinesis stage compared to control animals. Diakinesis is a cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through the final stage of prophase I in meiosis; the transition to meiotic metaphase I. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001948 diakinesis progression during oogenesis variant Developing oocytes show defects in their entry, progression through or exit from the diakinesis stage compared to control animals. Diakinesis is a cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through the final stage of prophase I in meiosis; the transition to meiotic metaphase I. GO:0000241 WB:WBPaper00038381 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations from control animals in the organization of the germ cell nuclei in the gonad that are in the diakinesis stage. In C. elegans the diakinesis region occurs in the proximal gonad arm and is preceded by the diplotene region. In the diakinesis region oocytes arrest until oocyte maturation occurs. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001949 diakinesis region organization variant Animals exhibit variations from control animals in the organization of the germ cell nuclei in the gonad that are in the diakinesis stage. In C. elegans the diakinesis region occurs in the proximal gonad arm and is preceded by the diplotene region. In the diakinesis region oocytes arrest until oocyte maturation occurs. WB:WBPaper00038381 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations from control animals in the organization of the germ cell nuclei in the gonad that are in the diplotene stage. In C. elegans the diplotene region follows the pachytene region and occurs just distal to, and coincident with, the loop in the gonad arm. In the diplotene region germ cell compartments become organized into a single file. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001950 diplotene region organization variant Animals exhibit variations from control animals in the organization of the germ cell nuclei in the gonad that are in the diplotene stage. In C. elegans the diplotene region follows the pachytene region and occurs just distal to, and coincident with, the loop in the gonad arm. In the diplotene region germ cell compartments become organized into a single file. WB:WBPaper00038381 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations from control animals in the organization of the germ cell nuclei in the pachytene stage region of the gonad. In C. elegans the pachytene region begins just proximal to the germline's transition zone, where germ cells coordinately switch into the leptotene/zygotene stage from the premeiosis stage (WormAtlas). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001951 pachytene region organization variant Animals exhibit variations from control animals in the organization of the germ cell nuclei in the pachytene stage region of the gonad. In C. elegans the pachytene region begins just proximal to the germline's transition zone, where germ cells coordinately switch into the leptotene/zygotene stage from the premeiosis stage (WormAtlas). WB:WBPaper00038381 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the directed movement/or positioning of a nucleus to a specific location within the germline compartment compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology germline nuclear migration variant WBPhenotype:0001952 germline nuclear positioning variant Variations in the directed movement/or positioning of a nucleus to a specific location within the germline compartment compared to control. WB:WBPaper00038381 WB:WBPerson557 Nuclei have fallen out of developing germ cell compartments into the rachis. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001953 nuclear fallout Nuclei have fallen out of developing germ cell compartments into the rachis. WB:WBPaper00038381 WB:WBPerson557 The diplotene stage is not observed in developing oocytes. Diplotene is a cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through the fourth stage of prophase I in meiosis, in which the homologous chromosomes begin to separate and the synaptonemal complex dissolves. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001954 diplotene absent during oogenesis The diplotene stage is not observed in developing oocytes. Diplotene is a cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through the fourth stage of prophase I in meiosis, in which the homologous chromosomes begin to separate and the synaptonemal complex dissolves. GO:0000240 WB:WBPaper00038381 WB:WBPerson557 Haploid female germ cells (oocytes) contain more than one nucleus. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology multinucleate oocyte WBPhenotype:0001955 multiple nuclei oocyte Haploid female germ cells (oocytes) contain more than one nucleus. WB:WBPaper00038381 WB:WBPerson557 Haploid female germ cells (oocytes) lack a nucleus. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology anucleate oocytes WBPhenotype:0001956 oocytes lack nucleus Haploid female germ cells (oocytes) lack a nucleus. WB:WBPaper00038381 WB:WBPerson557 A decrease in size of the specialized tissue of the reproductive tract that produces the male or female gametes compared to control (Wormatlas). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001957 gonad small A decrease in size of the specialized tissue of the reproductive tract that produces the male or female gametes compared to control (Wormatlas). WB:WBPaper00038381 WB:WBPerson557 Animals contain a gonad that initially functioned, but subsequently stopped. In hermaphrodites or females there is often the presence old embryos and/or hatched larva, but no young embryos, in the uterus. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology degenerate gonad WBPhenotype:0001958 gonad degenerate Animals contain a gonad that initially functioned, but subsequently stopped. In hermaphrodites or females there is often the presence old embryos and/or hatched larva, but no young embryos, in the uterus. WB:WBPaper00038381 WB:WBPerson557 Pulling forces on the astral microtubules at the spindle poles vary from that observed for control spindles. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001959 spindle pole pulling force variant Pulling forces on the astral microtubules at the spindle poles vary from that observed for control spindles. WB:WBPaper00031928 WB:WBPerson712 The spindle in the early embryo is aberrant in the characteristic posterior aster oscillations that occur along the transverse longitudinal axis of the spindle. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001960 spindle oscillation variant The spindle in the early embryo is aberrant in the characteristic posterior aster oscillations that occur along the transverse longitudinal axis of the spindle. WB:WBPaper00031928 WB:WBPerson712 Animals continue to produce progeny significantly past the time reproduction stops in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001961 reproductive longevity extended Animals continue to produce progeny significantly past the time reproduction stops in control animals. WB:WBPaper00031688 WB:WBPerson712 Animals produce less distal tip cells compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001962 missing distal tip cells Animals produce less distal tip cells compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00026603 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 The association of homologs during diakinesis and the maintenance of their association through meiosis I as well as the preservation of centromeric cohesin between sister chromatids does not proceed as it does in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001963 homolog association variant The association of homologs during diakinesis and the maintenance of their association through meiosis I as well as the preservation of centromeric cohesin between sister chromatids does not proceed as it does in control animals. WB:WBPaper00032269 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit differential regulation of the dopaminergic fate among the various classes of dopaminergic neurons. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Dopy WBPhenotype:0001964 dopaminergic fate atypical Animals exhibit differential regulation of the dopaminergic fate among the various classes of dopaminergic neurons. WB:WBPaper00032147 WB:WBPaper00036201 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the composition, component distribution, or other aspect of membranes of the cell, compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001965 cell membrane physiology variant Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the composition, component distribution, or other aspect of membranes of the cell, compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the composition, component distribution, or other aspect of membranes of within the cell, compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001966 cell endomembrane physiology variant Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the composition, component distribution, or other aspect of membranes of within the cell, compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00037899 WB:WBPerson712 Animals differ from control animals in the length of or mechanics of the steps that culminate in the preservation and subsequent disassembly of the synaptonemal complex, the specification of bivalent arms, and proper cohesion of sister chromatids. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001967 meiotic chromatin reorganization variant Animals differ from control animals in the length of or mechanics of the steps that culminate in the preservation and subsequent disassembly of the synaptonemal complex, the specification of bivalent arms, and proper cohesion of sister chromatids. WB:WBPaper00032269 WB:WBPerson712 All somatic gonad precursor (SGP) daughters adopt a proximal fate resulting in an increase in the number of AC precursor cells at the expense of distal tip cells (DTC), which are thereby absent. Sys C_elegans_phenotype_ontology symmetrical sisters WBPhenotype:0001968 somatic gonad precursor symmetrical sisters All somatic gonad precursor (SGP) daughters adopt a proximal fate resulting in an increase in the number of AC precursor cells at the expense of distal tip cells (DTC), which are thereby absent. WB:WBPaper00026603 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the form or composition of the compartments in the germline of females/hermaphrodites compared to control animals. In C. elegans these compartments contain a nucleus and are connected to a common cytoplasm (rachis). These compartments eventually undergo cellularization and become oocytes. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001969 germ cell compartment morphology variant Any variation in the form or composition of the compartments in the germline of females/hermaphrodites compared to control animals. In C. elegans these compartments contain a nucleus and are connected to a common cytoplasm (rachis). These compartments eventually undergo cellularization and become oocytes. WB:WBPaper00038381 WB:WBPerson557 Germ cell compartments contain an an atypical number on nuclei compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001970 germ cell compartment nuclei number variant Germ cell compartments contain an an atypical number on nuclei compared to control. WB:WBPaper00038381 WB:WBPerson557 Germ cell compartments do not contain a nucleus. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001971 germ cell compartment anucleate Germ cell compartments do not contain a nucleus. WB:WBPaper00038381 WB:WBPerson557 Germ cell compartments contain multiple nuclei. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001972 germ cell compartment multinucleate Germ cell compartments contain multiple nuclei. WB:WBPaper00038381 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in germ cell compartment size compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001973 germ cell compartment size variant Any variation in germ cell compartment size compared to control. WB:WBPaper00038381 WB:WBPerson557 Germ cell compartments are smaller than that of control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001974 germ cell compartment small Germ cell compartments are smaller than that of control animals. WB:WBPaper00038381 WB:WBPerson557 Germ cell compartments are larger than that of control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001975 germ cell compartment large Germ cell compartments are larger than that of control animals. WB:WBPaper00038381 WB:WBPerson557 OBSOLETE. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001976 true Any variation in the form or composition of the compartment partitions in the germline of females/hermaphrodites that exist when nuclei are still connected to a common cytoplasm (rachis), compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001977 germ cell partition morphology variant Any variation in the form or composition of the compartment partitions in the germline of females/hermaphrodites that exist when nuclei are still connected to a common cytoplasm (rachis), compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00038381 WB:WBPerson557 Animals lack germ cell partitions (germ cell compartments). WBPhenotype:0001976 germ cell compartment absent C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001978 germ cell partition absent Animals lack germ cell partitions (germ cell compartments). WB:WBPaper00038381 WB:WBPerson557 Animals contain small, fluid-filled, anucleate, spherical membrane-bound structures within the gonad. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001979 gonad vesiculated Animals contain small, fluid-filled, anucleate, spherical membrane-bound structures within the gonad. GO:0031982 WB:WBPaper00038381 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the increase in size of compartments of the germline. In the C. elegans germline, syncytial compartments enlarge just prior to and coincident with the loop region, eventually abscising, to become fully enclosed germ cells (oocytes). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001980 germ cell compartment expansion variant Animals exhibit variations in the increase in size of compartments of the germline. In the C. elegans germline, syncytial compartments enlarge just prior to and coincident with the loop region, eventually abscising, to become fully enclosed germ cells (oocytes). WB:WBPaper00038381 WB:WBPerson557 The compartments of the germline do not increase in size. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001981 germ cell compartment expansion absent The compartments of the germline do not increase in size. WB:WBPaper00038381 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the process(es) involved in the assembly, transport, arrangement or disassembly of cell membrane structures or components compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001982 cell membrane organization biogenesis variant Variations in the process(es) involved in the assembly, transport, arrangement or disassembly of cell membrane structures or components compared to control. WB:WBPaper00038381 WB:WBPerson557 Variation of the time an individual spent on a patch of food (bacterial lawn) before leaving, compared to control animals. food leaving behavior variant patch leaving behavior variant exploratory behavior variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology exploration behavior variant WBPhenotype:0001983 lawn leaving behavior variant Variation of the time an individual spent on a patch of food (bacterial lawn) before leaving, compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00038234 WB:WBPerson363 Animals exhibit axons with migration behaviors that differ from those observed in control animals after the axons cross a half-way point between opposing neural cords. In C. elegans this point is marked by the lateral seam cells between the ventral and dorsal cords. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001984 long range axon migration variant Animals exhibit axons with migration behaviors that differ from those observed in control animals after the axons cross a half-way point between opposing neural cords. In C. elegans this point is marked by the lateral seam cells between the ventral and dorsal cords. WB:WBPaper00038105 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit axons with migration behaviors that differ from those observed in control animals before the axons reach a half-way point between opposing neural cords. In C. elegans this point is marked by the lateral seam cells between the ventral and dorsal cords. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001985 short range axon migration variant Animals exhibit axons with migration behaviors that differ from those observed in control animals before the axons reach a half-way point between opposing neural cords. In C. elegans this point is marked by the lateral seam cells between the ventral and dorsal cords. WB:WBPaper00038105 WB:WBPerson712 Animals undergo an irreversible high temperature-induced developmental arrest during the first larval stage. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001986 high temperature induced L1 arrest Animals undergo an irreversible high temperature-induced developmental arrest during the first larval stage. WB:WBPaper00038168 WB:WBPerson2987 Any variation in the measured levels of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity compared to control animals. acetylcholinesterase class activity variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001987 acetylcholinesterase activity variant Any variation in the measured levels of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00001039 WB:WBPerson712 Animals respond to a detergent at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001988 detergent hypersensitive Animals respond to a detergent at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00000514 WB:WBPerson712 Animals respond to hypoxic (low oxygen levels) stress after a shorter exposure time compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001989 hypoxia hypersensitive Animals respond to hypoxic (low oxygen levels) stress after a shorter exposure time compared to control. WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Animals fail to respond to low amounts of oxygen that elicit a response in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001990 hypoxia resistant Animals fail to respond to low amounts of oxygen that elicit a response in control animals. WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Response to low levels of oxygen is reduced or weakened compared to the response of control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001991 hypoxia response attenuated Response to low levels of oxygen is reduced or weakened compared to the response of control animals. WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit an increase in the number of somatic sheath cells surrounding each gonad arm compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001992 extra gonadal sheath cells Animals exhibit an increase in the number of somatic sheath cells surrounding each gonad arm compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00006209 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit fewer somatic sheath cells surrounding each gonad arm, compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001993 fewer gonadal sheath cells Animals exhibit fewer somatic sheath cells surrounding each gonad arm, compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00006209 WB:WBPerson2987 Any variation in the establishment of left-right asymmetry of the body axis compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology left right asymmetry variant WBPhenotype:0001994 left right handedness variant Any variation in the establishment of left-right asymmetry of the body axis compared to controls. WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Cells of the animals exhibit variations in the progression or exit from the biochemical and morphological processes that occur during successive replication or nuclear replication events from that observed for control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001995 cell cycle progression variant Cells of the animals exhibit variations in the progression or exit from the biochemical and morphological processes that occur during successive replication or nuclear replication events from that observed for control animals. GO:0007049 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the cell cycle arrest process that results in arrest during G1 phase, whereupon the cell enters a specialized resting state known as G0 or quiescence before entering the S phase, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001996 cell cycle quiescence variant Any variation in the cell cycle arrest process that results in arrest during G1 phase, whereupon the cell enters a specialized resting state known as G0 or quiescence before entering the S phase, compared to control. GO:0070314 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 The nucleus or nuclei are not positioned in a similar manner or pattern in the cell or syncytium to that observed in controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001997 nuclear anchoring variant The nucleus or nuclei are not positioned in a similar manner or pattern in the cell or syncytium to that observed in controls. WB:WBPaper00003628 WB:WBPerson712 Animals respond more severely to laser ablation than control animals subjected to the same laser ablation conditions. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001998 hypersensitive to laser ablation Animals respond more severely to laser ablation than control animals subjected to the same laser ablation conditions. WB:WBPaper00038282 WB:WBPerson712 Animals behave differently from control animals in assays testing for the ability to resolve or respond to conflicting sensory inputs. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0001999 conflicting sensory integration variant Animals behave differently from control animals in assays testing for the ability to resolve or respond to conflicting sensory inputs. WB:WBPaper00038243 WB:WBPerson712 Animals that exhibit an increase in locomotion activity do not return to basal level locomotion activity at the same rate as that of control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002000 recovery from enhanced locomotion variant Animals that exhibit an increase in locomotion activity do not return to basal level locomotion activity at the same rate as that of control animals. WB:WBPaper00038487 WB:WBPerson712 The number of synapses per unit area of a neuron differs in the animal compared to that observed for control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002001 synapse density variant The number of synapses per unit area of a neuron differs in the animal compared to that observed for control animals. WB:WBPaper00039786 WB:WBPerson712 A cell or cell of the animal exhibits extra centrosomes (a subcellular body consisting of two centrioles embedded in a protein matrix) compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002002 supernumerary centrosomes A cell or cell of the animal exhibits extra centrosomes (a subcellular body consisting of two centrioles embedded in a protein matrix) compared to control. WB:WBPaper00028464 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit variations in steady-state levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002003 hydrogen peroxide homeostasis variant Animals exhibit variations in steady-state levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) compared to control. WB:WBPaper00040082 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit defects in the flow rate or targeting of the cortical actomyosin network, which occurs during polarization as well as contraction of the contractile ring, compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002004 actomyosin contractility defective Animals exhibit defects in the flow rate or targeting of the cortical actomyosin network, which occurs during polarization as well as contraction of the contractile ring, compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00038098 WB:WBPerson712 The tension of the cytoskeleton comprised of the actomyosin network differs from controls. This tension can be measured by laser-cutting of the actomyosin cytoskeleton and observing any differences the recoil velocity of cortex adjacent to the cut site. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002005 actomyosin cytoskeletal tension variant The tension of the cytoskeleton comprised of the actomyosin network differs from controls. This tension can be measured by laser-cutting of the actomyosin cytoskeleton and observing any differences the recoil velocity of cortex adjacent to the cut site. WB:WBPaper00038098 WB:WBPerson712 Compared to controls, embryos exhibit variations in the part meiosis I in which homologous chromosomes separate and migrate away from each other. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002006 anaphase I progression variant early embryo Compared to controls, embryos exhibit variations in the part meiosis I in which homologous chromosomes separate and migrate away from each other. WB:WBPaper00031064 WB:WBPerson712 Embryos display cortical protusions during cytokinesis. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002007 cortical blebs present Embryos display cortical protusions during cytokinesis. WB:WBPaper00038098 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the non-enzymatic glycosylation process of attaching a protein or lipid to a sugar molecule, compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002008 glycation variant Animals exhibit variations in the non-enzymatic glycosylation process of attaching a protein or lipid to a sugar molecule, compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00040082 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations from controls in their protein degradation machinery, which functions through the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002009 proteasome core activity variant Animals exhibit variations from controls in their protein degradation machinery, which functions through the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain. GO:0004175 WB:WBPaper00040082 WB:WBPerson712 The dynamics of the replacement of old proteins by newly synthesized or modified proteins varies from that of control animals. This phenotype is often measured by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002010 protein turnover variant The dynamics of the replacement of old proteins by newly synthesized or modified proteins varies from that of control animals. This phenotype is often measured by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). WB:WBPaper00038098 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit a secondary vulval invagination that is anterior or posterior to the primary opening depending on the the inappropriate placement of daughter cells along the anterior/posterior axis during vulval development. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002011 bivulva Animals exhibit a secondary vulval invagination that is anterior or posterior to the primary opening depending on the the inappropriate placement of daughter cells along the anterior/posterior axis during vulval development. WB:WBPaper00040151 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the process of chromosome organization that is involved in meiosis, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002012 meiotic chromosome organization variant Any variation in the process of chromosome organization that is involved in meiosis, compared to control. GO:0070192 WB:WBPerson557 Chromosomes fails to pair with homologous chromosomes during the prophase stage of meiosis. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002013 univalent meiotic chromosomes Chromosomes fails to pair with homologous chromosomes during the prophase stage of meiosis. WB:WBPerson101 WB:WBPerson557 Any observed variation in the measurement of current across the cell membrane compared to measurements in control animals. Current is a flow of electric charge through a medium. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002014 current measurement variant Any observed variation in the measurement of current across the cell membrane compared to measurements in control animals. Current is a flow of electric charge through a medium. WB:WBPerson557 Any observed variation in the measurement of voltage across the cell membrane compared to measurements in control animals. Voltage is the difference in electric potential energy per unit charge between two points. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002015 voltage measurement variant Any observed variation in the measurement of voltage across the cell membrane compared to measurements in control animals. Voltage is the difference in electric potential energy per unit charge between two points. WB:WBPerson557 Failure to execute the characteristic response to biotin as defined by control animals. In C. elegans, biotin is typically an attractant. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002016 biotin chemotaxis defective Failure to execute the characteristic response to biotin as defined by control animals. In C. elegans, biotin is typically an attractant. WB:WBPaper00001481 WB:WBPaper00005801 WB:WBPerson101 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the ability of multipotent vulval precursor cells to respond to signals compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology vulval precursor cell competence abnormal vulval precursor cell competence variant WBPhenotype:0002017 VPC competence variant Any variation in the ability of multipotent vulval precursor cells to respond to signals compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Seam cells fuse to form a continuous syncytium along the body wall at a later stage of development compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002018 retarded seam cell fusion Seam cells fuse to form a continuous syncytium along the body wall at a later stage of development compared to control. WB:WBPaper00031488 WB:WBPerson2987 Adult animals display a smaller number of eggs inside the uterus compared to controls C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002019 fewer eggs in utero Adult animals display a smaller number of eggs inside the uterus compared to controls WB:WBPaper00031804 WB:WBPerson2987 Transmission of the signal along the neuron varies from control. This process includes the flow of information from the neuron cell body to the synapse and across to the postsynaptic cell. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002020 transmission of nerve impulse variant Transmission of the signal along the neuron varies from control. This process includes the flow of information from the neuron cell body to the synapse and across to the postsynaptic cell. GO:0019226 WB:WBPaper00031592 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the autonomously initiated periodic trains of calcium transients observed at the synapse, which are independent of presynaptic inputs. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002021 synaptic spike frequency variant Animals exhibit variations in the autonomously initiated periodic trains of calcium transients observed at the synapse, which are independent of presynaptic inputs. WB:WBPaper00031592 WB:WBPerson712 Calcium transients at presynaptic regions do not occur. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002022 no synaptic spike frequency Calcium transients at presynaptic regions do not occur. WB:WBPaper00031592 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the autonomously initiated periodic trains of calcium transients observed either at the cell body or the synaptic region, which are independent of presynaptic inputs. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002023 spike frequency variant Animals exhibit variations in the autonomously initiated periodic trains of calcium transients observed either at the cell body or the synaptic region, which are independent of presynaptic inputs. WB:WBPaper00031592 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the autonomously initiated periodic trains of calcium transients observed in cell bodies, which are independent of presynaptic inputs. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002024 cell body spike frequency variant Animals exhibit variations in the autonomously initiated periodic trains of calcium transients observed in cell bodies, which are independent of presynaptic inputs. WB:WBPaper00031592 WB:WBPerson712 The diameter, volume, or area taken up by a cell differs from that measured in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002025 cell size decreased The diameter, volume, or area taken up by a cell differs from that measured in control animals. WB:WBPaper00038069 WB:WBPerson712 Animals differ from control animals in response to mechanical stimulation targeting different parts of the same cell. In N2 wild-type animals, response to touch near the ALM cell body is reduced compared with touch of the cell area near the second pharyngeal bulb. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002026 differential touch sensitivity variant Animals differ from control animals in response to mechanical stimulation targeting different parts of the same cell. In N2 wild-type animals, response to touch near the ALM cell body is reduced compared with touch of the cell area near the second pharyngeal bulb. WB:WBPaper00040149 WB:WBPerson712 VPCs differentiate in the absence of inductive signals coming from the gonad. Gid C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002027 gonad independent vulva differentiation VPCs differentiate in the absence of inductive signals coming from the gonad. WB:WBPaper00025001 WB:WBPaper00027764 WB:WBPerson712 Animals differ from controls in their electrical response to mechanical stimulus. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology MRC variant WBPhenotype:0002028 mechanoreceptor current variant Animals differ from controls in their electrical response to mechanical stimulus. WB:WBPaper00040149 WB:WBPerson712 Variations in the regulation of levels, transport, and metabolism of metal ions within an organism compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002029 metal homeostasis variant Variations in the regulation of levels, transport, and metabolism of metal ions within an organism compared to control. WB:WBPerson712 Variations in the regulation of levels, transport, and metabolism of magnesium ions within an organism compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002030 magnesium homeostasis variant Variations in the regulation of levels, transport, and metabolism of magnesium ions within an organism compared to control. GO:0010960 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Exposure to carbohydrate binding gene products result in an altered action in comparison to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002031 lectin response variant Exposure to carbohydrate binding gene products result in an altered action in comparison to controls. WB:WBPaper00038311 WB:WBPerson712 Animals differ from controls in the range, specificity, or presence of targets for exogenously applied lectins. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002032 lectin binding variant Animals differ from controls in the range, specificity, or presence of targets for exogenously applied lectins. WB:WBPaper00038311 WB:WBPerson712 Animals contain targets for exogenously applied lectins. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology ectopic lectin binding WBPhenotype:0002033 lectin binding occurs Animals contain targets for exogenously applied lectins. WB:WBPaper00038311 WB:WBPerson712 Animals are not observed to contain targets for exogenously applied lectins. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002034 lectin binding does not occur Animals are not observed to contain targets for exogenously applied lectins. WB:WBPaper00038311 WB:WBPerson712 Exposure to lectin has no affect on the behavior, growth, or development of the animal compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002035 resistant to lectin Exposure to lectin has no affect on the behavior, growth, or development of the animal compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00038311 WB:WBPerson712 Exposure to lectin results in altered behavior, growth, or development of the animal compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002036 susceptible to lectin Exposure to lectin results in altered behavior, growth, or development of the animal compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00038311 WB:WBPerson712 The appearance and association of components along the double lipid bilayer enclosing the nucleus differs from controls. The NE separates nuclear contents from the rest of the cytoplasm and includes the intermembrane space, perinuclear space. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002037 nuclear envelope organization variant The appearance and association of components along the double lipid bilayer enclosing the nucleus differs from controls. The NE separates nuclear contents from the rest of the cytoplasm and includes the intermembrane space, perinuclear space. WB:WBPaper00040620 WB:WBPerson712 Proteins show defects in their localization in the cilia compared to control animals. cil C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002038 ciliary localization defective Proteins show defects in their localization in the cilia compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00031689 Animals exhibit variation in the directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules from the cell periphery in nerve cell axons to the cell body, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002039 retrograde transport variant Animals exhibit variation in the directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules from the cell periphery in nerve cell axons to the cell body, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00038442 WB:WBPerson712 Chromosomes are not segregated symmetrically during mitosis. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology chaotic mitosis WBPhenotype:0002040 asymmetric chromosome segregation Chromosomes are not segregated symmetrically during mitosis. WB:WBPaper00038412 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variation in timing or ability to molt. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002041 molt variant Animals exhibit variation in timing or ability to molt. WB:WBPaper00040467 WB:WBPerson712 Molting cycles do not occur in a temporally controlled manner and cannot be synchronized across a population. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002042 molting arrhythmic Molting cycles do not occur in a temporally controlled manner and cannot be synchronized across a population. WB:WBPaper00040467 WB:WBPerson712 The number of cross progeny produced by hermaphrodites is reduced compared to control hermaphrodites. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002043 hermaphrodite mating efficiency reduced The number of cross progeny produced by hermaphrodites is reduced compared to control hermaphrodites. WB:WBPerson557 Hermaphrodites do not produce cross progeny. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002044 hermaphrodite mating efficiency eliminated Hermaphrodites do not produce cross progeny. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit fewer cell corpses compared to controls at the same developmental life stage. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002045 cell corpse number decreased Animals exhibit fewer cell corpses compared to controls at the same developmental life stage. WB:WBPerson712 Variations in the regulation of levels, transport, and metabolism of iron within an organism compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002046 iron homeostasis variant Variations in the regulation of levels, transport, and metabolism of iron within an organism compared to control. GO:0055072 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in their response to muscimol compared to that observed in control animals. Muscimol is a GABA-A receptor agonist. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002047 muscimol response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to muscimol compared to that observed in control animals. Muscimol is a GABA-A receptor agonist. WB:WBPaper00038249 WB:WBPerson712 Animals survive longer, or do not respond to the same degree as control animals under similar conditions of abamectin exposure. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002048 abamectin resistant Animals survive longer, or do not respond to the same degree as control animals under similar conditions of abamectin exposure. WB:WBPaper00040740 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Animals are not affected to the same degree as control animals under similar conditions of abamectin exposure. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002049 abamectin repsonse variant Animals are not affected to the same degree as control animals under similar conditions of abamectin exposure. WB:WBPaper00040740 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Animals are do not survive, or become paralyzed in the presence of abamectin. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002050 abamectin sensitive Animals are do not survive, or become paralyzed in the presence of abamectin. WB:WBPaper00040740 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 The production or regulation of ascaroside molecule populations differs from that of control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002051 ascaroside biosynthesis variant The production or regulation of ascaroside molecule populations differs from that of control animals. WB:WBPaper00040624 WB:WBPerson712 Animals lack the ability to produce ascarosides that are capable of being produced in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002052 ascaroside biosynthesis defective Animals lack the ability to produce ascarosides that are capable of being produced in control animals. WB:WBPaper00040624 WB:WBPerson712 Animals fail to respond to or exhibit an attenuated response to ivermectin under conditions that elicits a response in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002053 ivermectin resistant Animals fail to respond to or exhibit an attenuated response to ivermectin under conditions that elicits a response in control animals. WB:WBPaper00003945 WB:WBPaper00040740 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit an exaggerated response to magnesium compared to control animals exposed to similar concentrations. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002054 magnesium hypersensitivity Animals exhibit an exaggerated response to magnesium compared to control animals exposed to similar concentrations. WB:WBPaper00036046 WB:WBPerson712 Animals do not exhibit light-induced currrents to the same extent or with the same quality as control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002055 photocurrent defective Animals do not exhibit light-induced currrents to the same extent or with the same quality as control animals. WB:WBPaper00036207 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the specific actions or reactions of an organism causing an alteration in the ingestion of food compared to control animals. In C. elegans the main food source is bacteria and alterations in eating behavior usually lead to malnutrition. Eat C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002056 eating variant Any variation in the specific actions or reactions of an organism causing an alteration in the ingestion of food compared to control animals. In C. elegans the main food source is bacteria and alterations in eating behavior usually lead to malnutrition. WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Animals respond to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins (Bt toxins) at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002057 Bacillus thuringiensis toxin hypersensitive Animals respond to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins (Bt toxins) at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals are not affected to the same degree as control animals under similar conditions of pore forming toxin exposure. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002058 pore forming toxin response variant Animals are not affected to the same degree as control animals under similar conditions of pore forming toxin exposure. WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals respond to pore forming toxins at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. Increased susceptibility to pore forming toxins (e.g. Cry5B from Bacillus thuringiensis) is often measured by a decrease in the rate of survival in the presence of pore forming toxins compared to controls. Hpo hypersensitive to pore forming toxin C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002059 pore forming toxin hypersensitive Animals respond to pore forming toxins at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. Increased susceptibility to pore forming toxins (e.g. Cry5B from Bacillus thuringiensis) is often measured by a decrease in the rate of survival in the presence of pore forming toxins compared to controls. WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals fail to respond to the concentration of pore forming toxins that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002060 pore forming toxin resistant Animals fail to respond to the concentration of pore forming toxins that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the progressive decompaction of chromatin that changes chromosome structure from the condensed form to a relaxed disperse form. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002061 chromosome decondensation variant Any variation in the progressive decompaction of chromatin that changes chromosome structure from the condensed form to a relaxed disperse form. GO:0051312 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 The process of decompaction of chromatin that changes chromosome structure from the condensed form to a relaxed disperse form is abolished. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002062 chromosome decondensation failure The process of decompaction of chromatin that changes chromosome structure from the condensed form to a relaxed disperse form is abolished. WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals differ from controls in the expression of genes targeted for silencing (gene inactivation) in subsequent generations via transcriptional or post-transcriptional processes. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002063 maintenance of gene silencing variant Animals differ from controls in the expression of genes targeted for silencing (gene inactivation) in subsequent generations via transcriptional or post-transcriptional processes. GO:0016458 WB:WBPaper00041239 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Animals express genes that had been targeted for heritable silencing in previous generations. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002064 maintenance of gene silencing defective Animals express genes that had been targeted for heritable silencing in previous generations. WB:WBPaper00041239 WB:WBPerson712 Animals display variations in the manner in which the basement membrane (a thin, dense, sheet-like structure built on a network of polymeric laminin and type IV collagen) is remodeled, compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002065 basement membrane remodeling variant Animals display variations in the manner in which the basement membrane (a thin, dense, sheet-like structure built on a network of polymeric laminin and type IV collagen) is remodeled, compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00038447 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals display variations in the manner in which an opening in the basement membrane (a thin, dense, sheet-like structure built on a network of polymeric laminin and type IV collagen) expands to make way for intertissue connections, compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002066 basement membrane gap expansion variant Animals display variations in the manner in which an opening in the basement membrane (a thin, dense, sheet-like structure built on a network of polymeric laminin and type IV collagen) expands to make way for intertissue connections, compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00038447 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals differ from control animals in cortical actomyocin dynamics leading to internalization of endodermal precursor cells during gastrulation. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002067 apical constriction variant Animals differ from control animals in cortical actomyocin dynamics leading to internalization of endodermal precursor cells during gastrulation. WB:WBPaper00040757 WB:WBPerson712 There is significantly less difference between the number of astral microtubles or other component(s) of the spindle microtuble organizing center at the anterior versus posterior poles of the spindle, than observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002068 astral microtubule asymmetry defective There is significantly less difference between the number of astral microtubles or other component(s) of the spindle microtuble organizing center at the anterior versus posterior poles of the spindle, than observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00040200 WB:WBPerson712 Axons in animals do not end in the same manner as they do in control animals. Some defects described include an overextension of the axon or termination of the axon in the shape of a hook, either large or small. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002069 axon termination defective Axons in animals do not end in the same manner as they do in control animals. Some defects described include an overextension of the axon or termination of the axon in the shape of a hook, either large or small. WB:WBPaper00040220 WB:WBPerson712 Animals do not mimic control animals in their egg-laying response to muscimol exposure. In C. elegans, muscimol inhibits egg-laying. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002070 egg laying response to muscimol variant Animals do not mimic control animals in their egg-laying response to muscimol exposure. In C. elegans, muscimol inhibits egg-laying. WB:WBPaper00038249 WB:WBPerson712 The length of the animal does not increase to the same extent as observed for control animals, in response to exposure to muscimol. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002071 body lengthening response to muscimol variant The length of the animal does not increase to the same extent as observed for control animals, in response to exposure to muscimol. WB:WBPaper00038249 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in any process that involves the maintenance, biosynthesis or accumulation of an internal store of carbohydrates within the organism or cell compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002072 carbohydrate metabolism variant Animals exhibit variations in any process that involves the maintenance, biosynthesis or accumulation of an internal store of carbohydrates within the organism or cell compared to control. WB:WBPaper00038233 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the regulation of levels, transport, and metabolism of cations within a cell or between a cell and its external environment, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002073 cation homeostasis variant Animals exhibit variations in the regulation of levels, transport, and metabolism of cations within a cell or between a cell and its external environment, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00036046 WB:WBPerson712 Animals vary in the directed or coordinated movement of their centrosomes during cell division, compared to the pattern of movement observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002074 centrosome dynamics variant Animals vary in the directed or coordinated movement of their centrosomes during cell division, compared to the pattern of movement observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00040172 WB:WBPerson712 Embryos exhibit variations in the processes that lead to the construction of the eggshell, a protective structure that minimizes water loss whilst allowing gas exchanges essential for embryonic respiration, compared to controls C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002075 eggshell formation variant Embryos exhibit variations in the processes that lead to the construction of the eggshell, a protective structure that minimizes water loss whilst allowing gas exchanges essential for embryonic respiration, compared to controls GO:0030703 WB:WBPaper00031064 WB:WBPaper00040142 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 The process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules contained within a specialized secretory vesicle that fuses with the plasma membrane during egg activation. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002076 cortical granule exocytosis variant The process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules contained within a specialized secretory vesicle that fuses with the plasma membrane during egg activation. GO:0060471 WB:WBPaper00031064 WB:WBPaper00040142 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Animals fail to respond to the concentration of a dopamine that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002077 dopamine resistant Animals fail to respond to the concentration of a dopamine that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00038270 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 The pattern or state of methyl modifications of histone varies from that of controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology methylation mark variant WBPhenotype:0002078 histone methylation variant The pattern or state of methyl modifications of histone varies from that of controls. WB:WBPaper00038409 WB:WBPerson712 The animal's ability to reproduce, or start of reproduction occurs later than that observed for control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002079 delayed reproductive maturity The animal's ability to reproduce, or start of reproduction occurs later than that observed for control animals. WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the degree to which or manner in which an intestinal cell is able to uptake peptides (for example, di- or tripeptides) from the intestinal lumen, compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002080 peptide uptake by intestinal cell variant Animals exhibit variations in the degree to which or manner in which an intestinal cell is able to uptake peptides (for example, di- or tripeptides) from the intestinal lumen, compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit an increase in the degree to which an intestinal cell is able to uptake peptides (for example, di- or tripeptides) from the intestinal lumen, compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002081 peptide uptake by intestinal cell increased Animals exhibit an increase in the degree to which an intestinal cell is able to uptake peptides (for example, di- or tripeptides) from the intestinal lumen, compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit a decrease in the degree to which an intestinal cell is able to uptake peptides (for example, di- or tripeptides) from the intestinal lumen, compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002082 peptide uptake by intestinal cell decreased Animals exhibit a decrease in the degree to which an intestinal cell is able to uptake peptides (for example, di- or tripeptides) from the intestinal lumen, compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2987 The frequency and distribution of crossover events differs from that observed for controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002083 crossover variant The frequency and distribution of crossover events differs from that observed for controls. WB:WBPaper00037960 WB:WBPerson712 Animals differ from controls in respect to the frequency of expected double crossover events observed. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002084 crossover interference variant Animals differ from controls in respect to the frequency of expected double crossover events observed. WB:WBPaper00037960 WB:WBPerson712 The number of crossover events differs from that of observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002085 crossover formation variant The number of crossover events differs from that of observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00037960 WB:WBPerson712 The location-specific frequency of crossover events differs from that of observed in control animals, while the total number of crossover events does not significantly differ. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002086 crossover distribution variant The location-specific frequency of crossover events differs from that of observed in control animals, while the total number of crossover events does not significantly differ. WB:WBPaper00037960 WB:WBPerson712 Animals respond to hydrogen sulfide at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002087 hydrogen sulfide hypersensitive Animals respond to hydrogen sulfide at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00039977 WB:WBPerson712 Animals respond to dauer pheromone at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002088 hypersensitive to dauer pheromone Animals respond to dauer pheromone at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the form or composition of the basic structural and functional components of cells compared to control. Includes the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, endosomes, lysosomes, and peroxisomes as well as other vesicles and organelles. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002089 cell component morphology variant Any variation in the form or composition of the basic structural and functional components of cells compared to control. Includes the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, endosomes, lysosomes, and peroxisomes as well as other vesicles and organelles. WB:WBPaper00041129 WB:WBPerson2987 Any variation in the form or composition of membrane bound organelles, known as endosomes, that traffic material between the plasma membrane and internal compartments of the cell, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002090 endosome morphology variant Any variation in the form or composition of membrane bound organelles, known as endosomes, that traffic material between the plasma membrane and internal compartments of the cell, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00041129 WB:WBPerson2987 Any variation in the form or composition of membrane bound organelles, known as late endosomes, that traffic material from early endosomes to internal compartments of the cell, such as lysosomes or the Golgi apparatus, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002091 late endosome morphology variant Any variation in the form or composition of membrane bound organelles, known as late endosomes, that traffic material from early endosomes to internal compartments of the cell, such as lysosomes or the Golgi apparatus, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00041129 WB:WBPerson2987 Any variation in the form or composition of membrane bound organelles, known as early endosomes, that traffic material from endocytic vesicles (having recently internalized portions of the cell's plasma membrane) to internal compartments of the cell, such as recycling endosomes, late endosomes, or the Golgi apparatus, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002092 early endosome morphology variant Any variation in the form or composition of membrane bound organelles, known as early endosomes, that traffic material from endocytic vesicles (having recently internalized portions of the cell's plasma membrane) to internal compartments of the cell, such as recycling endosomes, late endosomes, or the Golgi apparatus, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00041129 WB:WBPerson2987 Any variation in the form or composition of membrane bound organelles, known as recycling endosomes, that traffic material from early endosomes back to the plasma membrane of the cell, thereby recycling recently endocytosed material to be reused at the plasma membrane. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002093 recycling endosome morphology variant Any variation in the form or composition of membrane bound organelles, known as recycling endosomes, that traffic material from early endosomes back to the plasma membrane of the cell, thereby recycling recently endocytosed material to be reused at the plasma membrane. WB:WBPaper00041129 WB:WBPerson2987 Any variation in the form or composition of membrane bound organelles, known as recycling endosomes, positive for the RAB protein RAB-11, that traffic material from early endosomes back to the plasma membrane of the cell, thereby recycling recently endocytosed material to be reused at the plasma membrane. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002094 RAB-11 recycling endosome morphology variant Any variation in the form or composition of membrane bound organelles, known as recycling endosomes, positive for the RAB protein RAB-11, that traffic material from early endosomes back to the plasma membrane of the cell, thereby recycling recently endocytosed material to be reused at the plasma membrane. WB:WBPaper00041129 WB:WBPerson2987 Any variation in the form or composition of membrane bound organelles, known as lysosome-related organelles (LROs) that, like lysosomes, have an acidic interior and generally act to digest components of the cell but are distinct in function, composition, and morphology, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002095 lysosome-related organelle morphology variant Any variation in the form or composition of membrane bound organelles, known as lysosome-related organelles (LROs) that, like lysosomes, have an acidic interior and generally act to digest components of the cell but are distinct in function, composition, and morphology, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00041129 WB:WBPerson2987 Any variation in the form or composition of membrane bound organelles, known as the Golgi apparatus, that traffic material from the endoplasmic reticulum or various endosomes, and process proteins for secretion, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002096 golgi apparatus morphology variant Any variation in the form or composition of membrane bound organelles, known as the Golgi apparatus, that traffic material from the endoplasmic reticulum or various endosomes, and process proteins for secretion, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00041129 WB:WBPerson2987 Any variation in the form or composition of membrane bound organelles, known as lysosomes, that have an acidic interior and generally act to digest components of the cell, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002097 lysosome morphology variant Any variation in the form or composition of membrane bound organelles, known as lysosomes, that have an acidic interior and generally act to digest components of the cell, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00041129 WB:WBPerson2987 Any variation in the subcellular localization of the basic structural and functional components of cells compared to control. Includes the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, endosomes, lysosomes, and peroxisomes as well as other vesicles and organelles. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002098 cell component localization variant Any variation in the subcellular localization of the basic structural and functional components of cells compared to control. Includes the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, endosomes, lysosomes, and peroxisomes as well as other vesicles and organelles. WB:WBPaper00041129 WB:WBPerson2987 Any variation in the subcellular localization of membrane bound organelles, known as lysosome-related organelles (LROs) that, like lysosomes, have an acidic interior and generally act to digest components of the cell but are distinct in function, composition, and morphology, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002099 lysosome-related organelle localization variant Any variation in the subcellular localization of membrane bound organelles, known as lysosome-related organelles (LROs) that, like lysosomes, have an acidic interior and generally act to digest components of the cell but are distinct in function, composition, and morphology, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00041129 WB:WBPerson2987 Any variation in the subcellular localization of membrane bound organelles, known as endosomes, that traffic material between the plasma membrane and internal compartments of the cell, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002100 endosome localization variant Any variation in the subcellular localization of membrane bound organelles, known as endosomes, that traffic material between the plasma membrane and internal compartments of the cell, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00041129 WB:WBPerson2987 Any variation in the subcellular localization of the endoplasmic reticulum compared to control. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an irregular network of membranes, that exists in the cytoplasm, and forms a complex meshwork of tubular channels. The ER has two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002101 endoplasmic reticulum localization variant Any variation in the subcellular localization of the endoplasmic reticulum compared to control. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an irregular network of membranes, that exists in the cytoplasm, and forms a complex meshwork of tubular channels. The ER has two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached). WB:WBPaper00041129 WB:WBPerson2987 Any variation in the subcellular localization of membrane bound organelles, known as the Golgi apparatus, that traffic material from the endoplasmic reticulum or various endosomes, and process proteins for secretion, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002102 golgi apparatus localization variant Any variation in the subcellular localization of membrane bound organelles, known as the Golgi apparatus, that traffic material from the endoplasmic reticulum or various endosomes, and process proteins for secretion, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00041129 WB:WBPerson2987 Any variation in the subcellular localization of membrane bound organelles, known as lysosomes, that have an acidic interior and generally act to digest components of the cell, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002103 lysosome localization variant Any variation in the subcellular localization of membrane bound organelles, known as lysosomes, that have an acidic interior and generally act to digest components of the cell, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00041129 WB:WBPerson2987 Any variation in the subcellular localization of membrane bound organelles, known as recycling endosomes, that traffic material from early endosomes back to the plasma membrane of the cell, thereby recycling recently endocytosed material to be reused at the plasma membrane. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002104 recycling endosome localization variant Any variation in the subcellular localization of membrane bound organelles, known as recycling endosomes, that traffic material from early endosomes back to the plasma membrane of the cell, thereby recycling recently endocytosed material to be reused at the plasma membrane. WB:WBPaper00041129 WB:WBPerson2987 Any variation in the subcellular localization of membrane bound organelles, known as late endosomes, that traffic material from early endosomes to internal compartments of the cell, such as lysosomes or the Golgi apparatus, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002105 late endosome localization variant Any variation in the subcellular localization of membrane bound organelles, known as late endosomes, that traffic material from early endosomes to internal compartments of the cell, such as lysosomes or the Golgi apparatus, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00041129 WB:WBPerson2987 Any variation in the subcellular localization of membrane bound organelles, known as early endosomes, that traffic material from endocytic vesicles (having recently internalized portions of the cell's plasma membrane) to internal compartments of the cell, such as recycling endosomes, late endosomes, or the Golgi apparatus, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002106 early endosome localization variant Any variation in the subcellular localization of membrane bound organelles, known as early endosomes, that traffic material from endocytic vesicles (having recently internalized portions of the cell's plasma membrane) to internal compartments of the cell, such as recycling endosomes, late endosomes, or the Golgi apparatus, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00041129 WB:WBPerson2987 Any variation in the subcellular localization of membrane bound organelles, known as recycling endosomes, positive for the RAB protein RAB-11, that traffic material from early endosomes back to the plasma membrane of the cell, thereby recycling recently endocytosed material to be reused at the plasma membrane. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002107 RAB-11 recycling endosome localization variant Any variation in the subcellular localization of membrane bound organelles, known as recycling endosomes, positive for the RAB protein RAB-11, that traffic material from early endosomes back to the plasma membrane of the cell, thereby recycling recently endocytosed material to be reused at the plasma membrane. WB:WBPaper00041129 WB:WBPerson2987 Any variation in the form or composition of specialized cell types, compared to control. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002108 cell type morphology variant Any variation in the form or composition of specialized cell types, compared to control. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. WB:WBPaper00041129 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals are affected by exposure to the drug. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002109 drug susceptible Animals are affected by exposure to the drug. WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the form or composition of membrane bound organelles, known as recycling endosomes, positive for the endocytosis protein RME-1, that traffic material from early endosomes back to the plasma membrane of the cell, thereby recycling recently endocytosed material to be reused at the plasma membrane. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002110 RME-1 recycling endosome morphology variant Any variation in the form or composition of membrane bound organelles, known as recycling endosomes, positive for the endocytosis protein RME-1, that traffic material from early endosomes back to the plasma membrane of the cell, thereby recycling recently endocytosed material to be reused at the plasma membrane. WB:WBPaper00041129 WB:WBPerson2987 Any variation in the subcellular localization of membrane bound organelles, known as recycling endosomes, positive for the endocytosis protein RME-1, that traffic material from early endosomes back to the plasma membrane of the cell, thereby recycling recently endocytosed material to be reused at the plasma membrane. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002111 RME-1 recycling endosome localization variant Any variation in the subcellular localization of membrane bound organelles, known as recycling endosomes, positive for the endocytosis protein RME-1, that traffic material from early endosomes back to the plasma membrane of the cell, thereby recycling recently endocytosed material to be reused at the plasma membrane. WB:WBPaper00041129 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals are unable to maintain paired chromosome throughout pachytene. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002112 synapsis maintenance defective Animals are unable to maintain paired chromosome throughout pachytene. WB:WBPaper00037960 WB:WBPerson712 Animals differ from controls in respect to the formation of paired chromosome loci. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002113 synapsis formation variant Animals differ from controls in respect to the formation of paired chromosome loci. WB:WBPaper00037960 WB:WBPerson712 Animals become paralyzed after a measured amount of time swimming. In C. elegans, more then 80 percent of wild-type animals continue swimming vigorously in liquid even after 30 minutes. SWIP C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002114 swimming induced paralysis Animals become paralyzed after a measured amount of time swimming. In C. elegans, more then 80 percent of wild-type animals continue swimming vigorously in liquid even after 30 minutes. WB:WBPaper00038270 WB:WBPerson712 Animals do not avoid, and perhaps seek, environments that result in their death. In the case of C. elegans, this behavior is exemplified by animals that tend to crawl off the plate. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002115 suicidal Animals do not avoid, and perhaps seek, environments that result in their death. In the case of C. elegans, this behavior is exemplified by animals that tend to crawl off the plate. WB:WBPerson712 Animals are barely alive, but not entirely dead. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002116 subviable Animals are barely alive, but not entirely dead. WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit constrictions in the anterior portion of the head that result in decapitation. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002117 occurences of decapitation Animals exhibit constrictions in the anterior portion of the head that result in decapitation. WB:WBPerson712 Populations exhibit variations in the ability to survive, grow and reproduce, thus affecting the contribution to the gene pool over generations compared to control populations. In C. elegans the fitness of a population can by assessed by measuring the rate at which E. coli is consumed. population fitness variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002118 population fitness phenotype Populations exhibit variations in the ability to survive, grow and reproduce, thus affecting the contribution to the gene pool over generations compared to control populations. In C. elegans the fitness of a population can by assessed by measuring the rate at which E. coli is consumed. WB:WBPaper00040316 WB:WBPaper00040815 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 The process of generating multiple mRNA molecules from differential use of exons in a primary transcript(s) does not occur or occurs with outcomes not observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002119 alternative splicing defective The process of generating multiple mRNA molecules from differential use of exons in a primary transcript(s) does not occur or occurs with outcomes not observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson1686 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the process of restoring mitochondrial DNA after damage. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002120 mitochondrial DNA repair variant Any variation in the process of restoring mitochondrial DNA after damage. GO:0043504 WB:WBPerson557 The presence of a mixture of more than one type of an organellar genome (mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or plastid DNA) within a cell or individual. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002121 heteroplasmy The presence of a mixture of more than one type of an organellar genome (mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or plastid DNA) within a cell or individual. WB:WBPaper00040387 WB:WBPerson2987 Mitochondria from spermatazoa persist in the developing embryo and animal as a result of bypassing the degradation mechanism that normally destroys paternal mitochondria immediately after fertilization. This can often lead to a form of heteroplasmy. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002122 persistence of paternal mitochondria Mitochondria from spermatazoa persist in the developing embryo and animal as a result of bypassing the degradation mechanism that normally destroys paternal mitochondria immediately after fertilization. This can often lead to a form of heteroplasmy. WB:WBPaper00040387 WB:WBPerson2987 The pattern or state of acetylation modifications of histones varies from that of controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002123 histone acetylation variant The pattern or state of acetylation modifications of histones varies from that of controls. WB:WBPaper00040843 WB:WBPerson2987 The distribution or presence of actin in circumferential actin bundles (CFB) differs from that observed in control animals. Contraction of CFBs provide the driving force for epidermal elongation. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002124 circumferential actin bundles disorganized The distribution or presence of actin in circumferential actin bundles (CFB) differs from that observed in control animals. Contraction of CFBs provide the driving force for epidermal elongation. WB:WBPaper00006290 WB:WBPerson712 Animals do not grow fast or the quality of growth is decreased when exposed to a specific chemical compound when compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002125 growth inhibition response to chemical Animals do not grow fast or the quality of growth is decreased when exposed to a specific chemical compound when compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00040519 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit a decrease in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that fluoresce in the intestine. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002126 intestinal fluorescence decreased Animals exhibit a decrease in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that fluoresce in the intestine. WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variation rate of directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules in nerve cell axons, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002127 intraflagellar transport velocity variant Animals exhibit variation rate of directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules in nerve cell axons, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00038442 WB:WBPerson712 Males remain on food in the absence of mates, a defect in male mate-searching behavior observed in control males. Las C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002128 leaving assay defective Males remain on food in the absence of mates, a defect in male mate-searching behavior observed in control males. WB:WBPaper00041718 WB:WBPerson712 Relative levels of mtDNA differ from that observed for control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002129 mitochondrial DNA copy number variant Relative levels of mtDNA differ from that observed for control animals. WB:WBPaper00032112 WB:WBPerson712 Males exhibit variations of the behaviors observed in control animals that follow the completion of mating. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology mate experience variant WBPhenotype:0002130 post mating variant Males exhibit variations of the behaviors observed in control animals that follow the completion of mating. WB:WBPaper00041718 WB:WBPerson712 Animals display variations in the structure or organization of the components of the muscle, compared to that observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002131 muscle cell ultrastructure variant Animals display variations in the structure or organization of the components of the muscle, compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPerson712 The formation, organization, or stability of a protein complex is altered in comparison to corresponding complexes in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology protein clustering variant WBPhenotype:0002132 protein complex organization variant The formation, organization, or stability of a protein complex is altered in comparison to corresponding complexes in control animals. WB:WBPaper00038066 WB:WBPerson712 The bulk flow of cytoplasm in the egg, that facilitates mixing of ooplasm, occurs at a reduced rate compared to that measured for controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002133 ooplasmic streaming slow The bulk flow of cytoplasm in the egg, that facilitates mixing of ooplasm, occurs at a reduced rate compared to that measured for controls. WB:WBPerson712 Animals are less successful than controls in evading predators during predator-prey interactions. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002134 predator escape defective Animals are less successful than controls in evading predators during predator-prey interactions. WB:WBPaper00039982 WB:WBPerson712 Predator-prey interactions differ from that observed in control interactions. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002135 organism predator response variant Predator-prey interactions differ from that observed in control interactions. WB:WBPaper00039982 WB:WBPerson712 Animals are missing the anchor cell. In C. elegans the anchor cell is a key organizer of vulval patterning and morphogenesis. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002136 no anchor cell Animals are missing the anchor cell. In C. elegans the anchor cell is a key organizer of vulval patterning and morphogenesis. WB:WBPaper00003577 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 The rate of the process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein is reduced. This process includes the formation of a complex of the ribosome, mRNA, and an initiation complex that contains the first aminoacyl-tRNA. Increase in free ribosomes (monosomes) are indicative of reduced translation initiation. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002137 reduced translation initiation The rate of the process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein is reduced. This process includes the formation of a complex of the ribosome, mRNA, and an initiation complex that contains the first aminoacyl-tRNA. Increase in free ribosomes (monosomes) are indicative of reduced translation initiation. GO:0006413 WB:WBPaper00039835 WB:WBPerson557 Animals are altered in their capacity to survive a normally lethal temperature treatment as a consequence of pretreatment at an elevated but sublethal temperature. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002138 acquired thermotolerance variant Animals are altered in their capacity to survive a normally lethal temperature treatment as a consequence of pretreatment at an elevated but sublethal temperature. WB:WBPaper00040849 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the morphological appearance of the linker cell compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002139 linker cell morphology variant Any variation in the morphological appearance of the linker cell compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00035457 WB:WBPerson557 Males do not respond to small molecules or compounds that have been shown to attract control males. This phenotype is often measured by an increase in reversal frequency or time spent in a specified scoring region C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002140 male attraction response variant Males do not respond to small molecules or compounds that have been shown to attract control males. This phenotype is often measured by an increase in reversal frequency or time spent in a specified scoring region WB:WBPaper00032050 WB:WBPerson712 Variations in the process of gaseous oxygen intake between an organism and its environment compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002141 oxygen consumption variant Variations in the process of gaseous oxygen intake between an organism and its environment compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00042217 WB:WBPerson557 The activity, composition, or organization of the complexes of the electron transport chain, embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane, differ from controls. MRC variant mitochondrial electron transport chain variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002142 mitochondrial respiratory chain variant The activity, composition, or organization of the complexes of the electron transport chain, embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane, differ from controls. GO:0005746 WB:WBPaper00042217 WB:WBPerson712 The part of the respiratory chain that catalyzes the oxidation of succinate and connects the TCA cycle with the respiratory chain, differs in activity, composition, or organization, from that of controls. CO II variant Complex II variant Succinate dehydrogenase complex variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002143 mitochondrial respiratory complex II variant The part of the respiratory chain that catalyzes the oxidation of succinate and connects the TCA cycle with the respiratory chain, differs in activity, composition, or organization, from that of controls. GO:0045273 WB:WBPaper00042217 WB:WBPerson712 The protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that is the first entry point for electrons into the electron transport chain and catalyzes proton translocation coupled to the oxidation of NADH by ubiquinone, differs in activity, composition, or organization from that of controls. CO I variant Complex I variant NADH dehydrogenase complex variant Ubiquinone complex variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002144 mitochondrial respiratory complex I variant The protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that is the first entry point for electrons into the electron transport chain and catalyzes proton translocation coupled to the oxidation of NADH by ubiquinone, differs in activity, composition, or organization from that of controls. GO:0005747 WB:WBPaper00042217 WB:WBPerson712 Animals are unable to produce or maintain short interfering RNA (siRNA) from double stranded RNA (dsRNA). siRNAs are required to initiate interference of gene expression. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002145 siRNA processing defective Animals are unable to produce or maintain short interfering RNA (siRNA) from double stranded RNA (dsRNA). siRNAs are required to initiate interference of gene expression. WB:WBPaper00027057 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations from controls in the expression, biogenesis, processing, or stability of any class of small RNA species in the germline. Small RNAs include microRNAs (miRNAs), tiny noncoding RNAs (tncRNAs), cluster of small X-chromosome derived RNAs (X cluster), and endogenous short interfering RNA (endo-siRNAs). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002146 small RNA germline expression variant Animals exhibit variations from controls in the expression, biogenesis, processing, or stability of any class of small RNA species in the germline. Small RNAs include microRNAs (miRNAs), tiny noncoding RNAs (tncRNAs), cluster of small X-chromosome derived RNAs (X cluster), and endogenous short interfering RNA (endo-siRNAs). WB:WBPaper00027057 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations from controls in the expression, biogenesis, processing, or stability of any class of small RNA species in somatic cells. Small RNAs include microRNAs (miRNAs), tiny noncoding RNAs (tncRNAs), cluster of small X-chromosome derived RNAs (X cluster), and endogenous short interfering RNA (endo-siRNAs). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002147 small RNA somatic expression variant Animals exhibit variations from controls in the expression, biogenesis, processing, or stability of any class of small RNA species in somatic cells. Small RNAs include microRNAs (miRNAs), tiny noncoding RNAs (tncRNAs), cluster of small X-chromosome derived RNAs (X cluster), and endogenous short interfering RNA (endo-siRNAs). WB:WBPaper00027057 WB:WBPerson712 Animals show reduced susceptibility to gene silencing in somatic cells triggered by double stranded RNA (dsRNA), compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002148 somatic RNAi resistant Animals show reduced susceptibility to gene silencing in somatic cells triggered by double stranded RNA (dsRNA), compared to control. WB:WBPaper00027057 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations from controls in the expression, biogenesis, processing, or stability of the small X-chromosome derived RNAs (X cluster) species of small RNA. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002149 X cluster small RNA expression variant Animals exhibit variations from controls in the expression, biogenesis, processing, or stability of the small X-chromosome derived RNAs (X cluster) species of small RNA. WB:WBPaper00027057 WB:WBPerson712 RNAi silencing mechanisms triggered by exogenously introduced (foreign) dsRNA, do not work to the same degree as in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002150 exo-RNAi response variant RNAi silencing mechanisms triggered by exogenously introduced (foreign) dsRNA, do not work to the same degree as in control animals. WB:WBPaper00027057 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the extent to which polyadenylated mRNA transcripts become deadenylated C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002151 mRNA deadenylation variant Animals exhibit variations in the extent to which polyadenylated mRNA transcripts become deadenylated WB:WBPaper00037823 WB:WBPerson2987 Programmed cell death of germ cells caused by exposure to physical or chemical DNA-damaging agents does not occur to the same extent as it does in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002152 mutagen induced apoptosis variant Programmed cell death of germ cells caused by exposure to physical or chemical DNA-damaging agents does not occur to the same extent as it does in control animals. WB:WBPerson712 The production of silencing RNA from dsRNA is significantly deficient compared to controls. Deficiencies in this process can result in a defective RNAi response compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002153 dsRNA processing defective The production of silencing RNA from dsRNA is significantly deficient compared to controls. Deficiencies in this process can result in a defective RNAi response compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00029211 WB:WBPerson712 The extent of mRNA ribosome associations varies from controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002154 polysome mRNA association variant The extent of mRNA ribosome associations varies from controls. WB:WBPaper00032489 WB:WBPerson712 The production of mature miRNA from pre-miRNA is significantly deficient compared to controls. Deficiencies in this process can result in the accumulation of pre-miRNA species and or the absence or smaller amount of mature miRNA compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002155 pre miRNA processing defective The production of mature miRNA from pre-miRNA is significantly deficient compared to controls. Deficiencies in this process can result in the accumulation of pre-miRNA species and or the absence or smaller amount of mature miRNA compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00029211 WB:WBPerson712 Wild-type animals will exhibit an altered temperature preference based on food/temperature conditioning. Temperature learning variants do not exhibit altered responses to temperature after conditioning compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002156 temperature learning variant Wild-type animals will exhibit an altered temperature preference based on food/temperature conditioning. Temperature learning variants do not exhibit altered responses to temperature after conditioning compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00031647 WB:WBPerson712 The extent of translational repression varies from controls. WBPhenotype:0001909 translational repression variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002157 translation repression variant The extent of translational repression varies from controls. WB:WBPaper00032489 WB:WBPerson712 The selective elimination of P granule components and subsequent aggregation of degraded components into PGL granules is disrupted. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002158 P granule degradation defective The selective elimination of P granule components and subsequent aggregation of degraded components into PGL granules is disrupted. WB:WBPaper00044350 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit an increase in pathogen accumulation, persistent colonization, and luminal distension of the intestine. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002159 increased pathogen accumulation Animals exhibit an increase in pathogen accumulation, persistent colonization, and luminal distension of the intestine. WB:WBPaper00032276 WB:WBPerson2987 The intracellular complex of proteins that participates in bidirectional transport of molecules (cargo) along axonemal microtubules is not made up of or does not maintain the proper number or ratio of components as found in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002160 intraflagellar transport complex destabilized The intracellular complex of proteins that participates in bidirectional transport of molecules (cargo) along axonemal microtubules is not made up of or does not maintain the proper number or ratio of components as found in control animals. WB:WBPaper00042072 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations from controls in the organization of chromatin, including in relation to associated complexes, that occur during the mitotic cell division cycle. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002161 mitotic chromatin remodeling variant Animals exhibit variations from controls in the organization of chromatin, including in relation to associated complexes, that occur during the mitotic cell division cycle. GO:0006338 WB:WBPaper00040620 WB:WBPerson712 Cells exhibit mitotic spindles with more than two poles. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology multipolar mitosis WBPhenotype:0002162 multipolar mitotic spindle Cells exhibit mitotic spindles with more than two poles. WB:WBPaper00038412 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit a decreased rate of oxygen utilization compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002163 oxygen consumption decreased Animals exhibit a decreased rate of oxygen utilization compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00036073 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in their defense responses that are mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002164 innate immune response variant Animals exhibit variations in their defense responses that are mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens. GO:0045087 WB:WBPerson557 The extent or other quality of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) induced by in vitro stimuli differs from that of controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002165 muscle excitability variant The extent or other quality of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) induced by in vitro stimuli differs from that of controls. WB:WBPaper00038066 WB:WBPerson712 The difference in electrical potential between the interior and the exterior of the muscle cell either in the resting state or during evoked stimulation differs from controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002166 muscle membrane potential variant The difference in electrical potential between the interior and the exterior of the muscle cell either in the resting state or during evoked stimulation differs from controls. WB:WBPaper00039987 WB:WBPerson712 The amount of histone methylation, for example as measured by the amount of H3K4me2, increases over successive generations C_elegans_phenotype_ontology generational accumulation of histone methylation progressive accumulation of histone methylation transgenerational epigenetic accumulation of histone methylation WBPhenotype:0002167 transgenerational accumulation of histone methylation The amount of histone methylation, for example as measured by the amount of H3K4me2, increases over successive generations WB:WBPaper00045092 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit a decline in fertility over generations. This is often assessed by counting laid eggs over successive generations. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology generational loss of fertility progressive loss of fertility transgenerational epigenetic loss of fertility WBPhenotype:0002168 transgenerational loss of fertility Animals exhibit a decline in fertility over generations. This is often assessed by counting laid eggs over successive generations. WB:WBPaper00045092 WB:WBPerson712 Animals stop producing progeny significantly before the time reproduction stops in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002169 reproductive longevity shortened Animals stop producing progeny significantly before the time reproduction stops in control animals. WB:WBPaper00027157 WB:WBPerson2987 Any variation in the series of molecular signals in which a cell or tissue uses calcium ions to convert a signal into a response, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002170 calcium mediated signaling variant Any variation in the series of molecular signals in which a cell or tissue uses calcium ions to convert a signal into a response, compared to control. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the characteristic movement towards typically attractive alkaline pH (pH higher than 7) compared to control. However animals tend to avoid very high pH levels (pH11). pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. In C. elegans animals chemotax toward higher alkaline pH. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology alkaline pH sensing variant alkalinity sensing variant WBPhenotype:0002171 alkaline pH chemotaxis variant Animals exhibit variations in the characteristic movement towards typically attractive alkaline pH (pH higher than 7) compared to control. However animals tend to avoid very high pH levels (pH11). pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. In C. elegans animals chemotax toward higher alkaline pH. GO:0036176 WB:WBPaper00042397 WB:WBPerson557 Infected animals exhibit variations in the process of releasing pathogens back into the environment, compared to control. spore shedding variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002172 pathogen release variant Infected animals exhibit variations in the process of releasing pathogens back into the environment, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00040246 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit variations in the number of cells that make up the organism compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002173 cell number variant Animals exhibit variations in the number of cells that make up the organism compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00032029 WB:WBPerson2987 The number of cells in the organism is reduced compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002174 cell number decreased The number of cells in the organism is reduced compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00032029 WB:WBPerson2987 The number of cells in the organism is increased compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002175 cell number increased The number of cells in the organism is increased compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00032029 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit variations in the structure, organization or placement of the population of the lateral, alae-producing epithelial cells (seam cells), compared to that observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002176 seam cell morphology variant Animals exhibit variations in the structure, organization or placement of the population of the lateral, alae-producing epithelial cells (seam cells), compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00032029 WB:WBPerson2987 Any variation in the components that make up the semipermeable bilayer surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002177 plasma membrane composition variant Any variation in the components that make up the semipermeable bilayer surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment compared to control. GO:0005886 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the components that make up either of the two leaflets of the semipermeable bilayer surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002178 plasma membrane leaflet composition variant Any variation in the components that make up either of the two leaflets of the semipermeable bilayer surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment compared to control. GO:0009897 GO:0009898 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals do not arrest mitotic germ cell division, as control animals, when treated with X-ray radiation. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002179 X ray induced mitotic germ cell arrest defective Animals do not arrest mitotic germ cell division, as control animals, when treated with X-ray radiation. WB:WBPaper00004952 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the process by which cells having undergone programmed cell death are shed or extruded into the extracellular environment. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002180 apoptotic cell shedding variant Animals exhibit variations in the process by which cells having undergone programmed cell death are shed or extruded into the extracellular environment. WB:WBPaper00041303 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals produce an excess number of excretory cells compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002181 extra excretory cells Animals produce an excess number of excretory cells compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00041303 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit variations in endogenous levels of reactive oxygen species (chemically reactive molecules containing oxygen) compared to that observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002182 reactive oxygen species homeostasis variant Animals exhibit variations in endogenous levels of reactive oxygen species (chemically reactive molecules containing oxygen) compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00042351 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit variations in levels of DNA damage caused by oxidative stress. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002183 oxidative DNA damage variant Animals exhibit variations in levels of DNA damage caused by oxidative stress. WB:WBPaper00042351 WB:WBPerson2987 Any variation in the amount of cells undergoing apoptosis in organism as a result of deprivation of nourishment, compared to control. In C. elegans, starvation normally causes increased apoptosis. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002184 starvation induced apoptosis variant Any variation in the amount of cells undergoing apoptosis in organism as a result of deprivation of nourishment, compared to control. In C. elegans, starvation normally causes increased apoptosis. WB:WBPaper00044006 WB:WBPerson557 Animals develop endodermal cells/tissue from precursor cells that do not normally produce endodermal cells/tissue. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002185 cell fate transformation to endoderm Animals develop endodermal cells/tissue from precursor cells that do not normally produce endodermal cells/tissue. WB:WBPaper00003645 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals develop pharyngeal muscles from precursor cells that do not normally produce pharyngeal muscles. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002186 cell fate transformation to pharyngeal muscle Animals develop pharyngeal muscles from precursor cells that do not normally produce pharyngeal muscles. WB:WBPaper00003645 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals develop body wall muscle from precursor cells that do not normally produce body wall muscle. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002187 cell fate transformation to body wall muscle Animals develop body wall muscle from precursor cells that do not normally produce body wall muscle. WB:WBPaper00003574 WB:WBPaper00003645 WB:WBPerson2987 Any variation in the progression of the components of the male gonad that are separate from the germline proper over time, from its formation to its mature structure compared to control. In C. elegans, the male somatic gonad consists of three tissues: distal tip cells (DTCs), the seminal vesicle, and the vas deferens (Wormatlas). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002188 male somatic gonad development variant Any variation in the progression of the components of the male gonad that are separate from the germline proper over time, from its formation to its mature structure compared to control. In C. elegans, the male somatic gonad consists of three tissues: distal tip cells (DTCs), the seminal vesicle, and the vas deferens (Wormatlas). WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals produce an excess number of linker cells compared to controls. excess linker cells C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002189 extra linker cells Animals produce an excess number of linker cells compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00005116 WB:WBPerson2987 The population of hypodermal cells is reduced compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002190 fewer hypodermal cells The population of hypodermal cells is reduced compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals produce a reduced number of sex myoblasts compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002191 fewer sex myoblasts Animals produce a reduced number of sex myoblasts compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00033137 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals produce an excess number of sex myoblasts compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002192 extra sex myoblasts Animals produce an excess number of sex myoblasts compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00033137 WB:WBPerson2987 The orientation of the progeny of P7.p mimic those of P5.p and face towards the posterior of the worm, a phenotype referred to as posterior-reversed vulval lineage (P-Rvl). P-Rvl C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002193 posterior reversed vulval lineage The orientation of the progeny of P7.p mimic those of P5.p and face towards the posterior of the worm, a phenotype referred to as posterior-reversed vulval lineage (P-Rvl). WB:WBPaper00044058 WB:WBPerson557 Animals do not differ in size when grown on different food sources to the same extent as that measured for control animals. For example, in C. elegans, wild type worms are 1.65 times larger when grown on HB101 compared to those grown on OP50. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002194 food dependent body size variant Animals do not differ in size when grown on different food sources to the same extent as that measured for control animals. For example, in C. elegans, wild type worms are 1.65 times larger when grown on HB101 compared to those grown on OP50. WB:WBPaper00038311 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in growth rate or the outcome of growth in response to food compared to control. In C. elegans, animals exhibit an increase or decrease in growth rate depending on the type of bacteria they are fed. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002195 food dependent growth variant Animals exhibit variations in growth rate or the outcome of growth in response to food compared to control. In C. elegans, animals exhibit an increase or decrease in growth rate depending on the type of bacteria they are fed. WB:WBPaper00038311 WB:WBPerson712 The driving force of the outward flow of ions does not exceed the inward flow for the opposite driving force or is otherwise altered when compared to that measured for control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002196 outward rectifying current variant The driving force of the outward flow of ions does not exceed the inward flow for the opposite driving force or is otherwise altered when compared to that measured for control animals. WB:WBPaper00036046 WB:WBPerson712 Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded is altered from that observed for controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002197 voltage gated channel activity variant Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded is altered from that observed for controls. WB:WBPerson712 The proper localization and assembly of components at the junction of a neuron with a muscle cell varies from that observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002198 neuromuscular junction organization variant The proper localization and assembly of components at the junction of a neuron with a muscle cell varies from that observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00038066 WB:WBPerson712 The degree of stimulus-evoked calcium concentration changes differs from that of controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002199 neuron calcium transient levels variant The degree of stimulus-evoked calcium concentration changes differs from that of controls. WB:WBPaper00039855 WB:WBPerson712 Variations in the progression of the muscles of the adult hermaphrodite oviduct over time from their initial formation to their mature structure compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002200 oviduct muscle defective Variations in the progression of the muscles of the adult hermaphrodite oviduct over time from their initial formation to their mature structure compared to control. WB:WBPerson712 Dying animals cells exhibit defects in the fragmentation of chromosomal DNA into oligonucleosomal-length fragments compared to control animals. This process can be monitored by the quantity and quality of TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling)-positive nuclei. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002201 apoptotic DNA degradation defective Dying animals cells exhibit defects in the fragmentation of chromosomal DNA into oligonucleosomal-length fragments compared to control animals. This process can be monitored by the quantity and quality of TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling)-positive nuclei. WB:WBPaper00005978 WB:WBPerson712 Embryos exhibit defects in the extension of pharyngeal cells toward the buccal opening during embryogenesis compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002202 pharynx extension defective Embryos exhibit defects in the extension of pharyngeal cells toward the buccal opening during embryogenesis compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00005085 WB:WBPerson712 Corpses resulting from programmed cell death appear different in size or shape from those of corpses in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002203 corpse morphology variant Corpses resulting from programmed cell death appear different in size or shape from those of corpses in control animals. WB:WBPaper00004688 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit defects in the muscle contractions of the anterior region of corpus, the area responsible for allowing food to enter the corpus. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002204 procorpus contraction defective Animals exhibit defects in the muscle contractions of the anterior region of corpus, the area responsible for allowing food to enter the corpus. WB:WBPaper00005996 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit negative effects on growth, development, or metabolism when exposed to a galactose-rich diet, compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002205 hypersensitive to galactose Animals exhibit negative effects on growth, development, or metabolism when exposed to a galactose-rich diet, compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00045849 WB:WBPerson712 Animals process dietary galactose differently than control animals, these differences can result in increased and or decreased levels of intermediary galactose metabolites. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002206 galactose metabolism variant Animals process dietary galactose differently than control animals, these differences can result in increased and or decreased levels of intermediary galactose metabolites. WB:WBPaper00045849 WB:WBPerson712 Animals are missing one or both gonad arms, the normally U-shaped projections of the gonad that extend into the anterior or posterior of the animal and bends back towards the center of the animal. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002207 missing gonad arms Animals are missing one or both gonad arms, the normally U-shaped projections of the gonad that extend into the anterior or posterior of the animal and bends back towards the center of the animal. WB:WBPaper00003453 WB:WBPerson2987 The expression of a protein, as determined by antibody staining, varied from controls with respect to timing such that the protein was observed to be expressed at earlier timepoints or later timepoints than controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002208 antibody temporal expression variant The expression of a protein, as determined by antibody staining, varied from controls with respect to timing such that the protein was observed to be expressed at earlier timepoints or later timepoints than controls. WB:WBPaper00003383 WB:WBPerson2987 Any variation in the development of the structure that lies on the ventral surface just anterior and central to the base of the spicule openings (small lump on the gubernaculum of the male tail) and contains a sensory structure called the hook sensillum, compared to control. In C. elegans the hook is necessary for proper male mating. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002209 hook development variant Any variation in the development of the structure that lies on the ventral surface just anterior and central to the base of the spicule openings (small lump on the gubernaculum of the male tail) and contains a sensory structure called the hook sensillum, compared to control. In C. elegans the hook is necessary for proper male mating. WB:WBPaper00003428 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit an extra number of the finger-like sensory sensilla that project from the tail and embed in the male fan. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002210 extra rays Animals exhibit an extra number of the finger-like sensory sensilla that project from the tail and embed in the male fan. WB:WBPaper00003428 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit defects in dye-filling of the neuronal cells of the phasmid sensilla. In C. elegans, these neurons are commonly assayed by dye-filling with FITC, DiI or DiO. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002211 phasmid neuron dye filling defect Animals exhibit defects in dye-filling of the neuronal cells of the phasmid sensilla. In C. elegans, these neurons are commonly assayed by dye-filling with FITC, DiI or DiO. WB:WBPaper00003450 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit defects in dye-filling of the neuronal cells of the amphid sensilla. In C. elegans, these neurons are commonly assayed by dye-filling with FITC, DiI or DiO. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002212 amphid neuron dye filling defect Animals exhibit defects in dye-filling of the neuronal cells of the amphid sensilla. In C. elegans, these neurons are commonly assayed by dye-filling with FITC, DiI or DiO. WB:WBPerson557 Any variation that results in a decrease in the catalytic phosphorylation activity of a kinase enzyme compared to control. Catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein (can include an RNA component). Kinases are enzymes capable of phosphorylating their respective substrates. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002213 kinase activity reduced Any variation that results in a decrease in the catalytic phosphorylation activity of a kinase enzyme compared to control. Catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein (can include an RNA component). Kinases are enzymes capable of phosphorylating their respective substrates. WB:WBPaper00003656 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals contain an excess number of pharyngeal muscle cells compared to control. In C. elegans, pharyngeal cells are derived from MS-blastomere. The overproduction of pharyngeal tissues is a result of other blastomeres adopting an MS-like fate. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002214 extra pharyngeal muscle cells Animals contain an excess number of pharyngeal muscle cells compared to control. In C. elegans, pharyngeal cells are derived from MS-blastomere. The overproduction of pharyngeal tissues is a result of other blastomeres adopting an MS-like fate. WB:WBPaper00003574 WB:WBPerson2987 Any variation that results in a fewer than control number of body wall muscle cells. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002215 fewer body wall muscles Any variation that results in a fewer than control number of body wall muscle cells. WB:WBPaper00003574 WB:WBPerson2987 Any variation in the cellular or subcellular distribution of a gene product, as detected by antibody staining, compared to that observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002216 pattern antibody staining variant Any variation in the cellular or subcellular distribution of a gene product, as detected by antibody staining, compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00003574 WB:WBPaper00003656 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals respond to antimony at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002217 antimony hypersensitive Animals respond to antimony at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00002619 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals respond to arsenite at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002218 arsenite hypersensitive Animals respond to arsenite at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00002619 WB:WBPaper00029261 WB:WBPaper00031023 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals respond to fluoranthene at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002219 fluoranthene hypersensitive Animals respond to fluoranthene at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00031850 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals respond to antimonite at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002220 antimonite hypersensitivity Animals respond to antimonite at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00029261 WB:WBPerson2987 The pharynx contains cavities, possibly indicative of inappropriate cell death. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002221 pharyngeal vacuole The pharynx contains cavities, possibly indicative of inappropriate cell death. WB:WBPaper00004381 WB:WBPerson2987 The uterus contains cavities, possibly indicative of inappropriate cell death. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002222 uterus vacuole The uterus contains cavities, possibly indicative of inappropriate cell death. WB:WBPaper00004381 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals respond at a faster rate or to lower concentrations of manganese that that observed for control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002223 manganese hypersensitivity Animals respond at a faster rate or to lower concentrations of manganese that that observed for control animals. WB:WBPaper00044740 WB:WBPerson712 Animals respond to mercury at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002224 mercury hypersensitive Animals respond to mercury at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00004381 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals respond to lead at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002225 lead hypersensitive Animals respond to lead at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00004381 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals respond to cobalt at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002226 cobalt hypersensitive Animals respond to cobalt at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00005255 WB:WBPaper00006388 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit variations in their response to lead compared to that observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002227 lead response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to lead compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00029261 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit variations in their response to aluminum compared to that observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002228 aluminum response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to aluminum compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00029261 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit variations in their response to chromium compared to that observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002229 chromium response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to chromium compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00029261 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibited higher amounts of internal metal concentrations compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002230 metal accumulation increased Animals exhibited higher amounts of internal metal concentrations compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00044740 WB:WBPerson712 Oxidative stress induced by manganese differs from that of control worms. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002231 manganese induced oxidative stress response Oxidative stress induced by manganese differs from that of control worms. WB:WBPaper00044740 WB:WBPerson712 The polarity reversal process by which synaptic components are removed from one side of the synapse and then reformed on the opposite cell does not occur or occurs in a different manner than in controls. In C. elegans, at the end of the L1 stage, the DD neurons undergo a complete polarity reversal such that the ventral synapses disappear and new synapses are formed on opposing dorsal body muscles. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002232 synaptic remodeling variant The polarity reversal process by which synaptic components are removed from one side of the synapse and then reformed on the opposite cell does not occur or occurs in a different manner than in controls. In C. elegans, at the end of the L1 stage, the DD neurons undergo a complete polarity reversal such that the ventral synapses disappear and new synapses are formed on opposing dorsal body muscles. WB:WBPaper00005543 WB:WBPerson712 The swimming behavior of animals are influenced or modulate by the osmolarity of the swimming buffer. The swimming of wild-type C. elegans animals are not affected by the osmolarity of the swimming liquid. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002233 osmolarity modulated swimming variant The swimming behavior of animals are influenced or modulate by the osmolarity of the swimming buffer. The swimming of wild-type C. elegans animals are not affected by the osmolarity of the swimming liquid. WB:WBPaper00041219 WB:WBPerson712 Animals contain excess acidified intracellular compartments. These compartments are positive for indicators such as Acridine Orange as well as LysoTracker Red, in a lysosome-like manner. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002234 increased acidified compartments Animals contain excess acidified intracellular compartments. These compartments are positive for indicators such as Acridine Orange as well as LysoTracker Red, in a lysosome-like manner. WB:WBPaper00005190 WB:WBPerson712 Animals are unable to grow on media depleted of phosphate. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002235 growth defective on low phosphate media Animals are unable to grow on media depleted of phosphate. WB:WBPerson712 The degradation of endocytosed and intracellular material does not occur to the same extent as it does in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002236 endo lysosomal degradation pathway defective The degradation of endocytosed and intracellular material does not occur to the same extent as it does in control animals. WB:WBPaper00037899 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit disruptions in tubular or tubulo-vesicular structures that function in endocytic transport from early to recycling endosomes. ERC organization and biogenesis defective C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002237 endocytic recycling compartment organization and biogenesis defective Animals exhibit disruptions in tubular or tubulo-vesicular structures that function in endocytic transport from early to recycling endosomes. WB:WBPaper00037899 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit increased endogenous levels of reactive oxygen species (chemically reactive molecules containing oxygen) compared to that observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002238 increased levels of reactive oxygen species Animals exhibit increased endogenous levels of reactive oxygen species (chemically reactive molecules containing oxygen) compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00040454 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit reduced endogenous levels of reactive oxygen species (chemically reactive molecules containing oxygen) compared to that observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002239 reduced levels of reactive oxygen species Animals exhibit reduced endogenous levels of reactive oxygen species (chemically reactive molecules containing oxygen) compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00040454 WB:WBPerson2987 Any variation in the morphology of the different inclusions within the intestinal cytoplasm, including birefringent crystalline objects and other dark-staining endosomes compared to control. In C. elegans these contents might include glycogen granules (polysaccharide storage), rhabditin (carbohydrate storage), yolk granules (lipid and protein), and concentrated waste products (Wormatlas). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002240 gut granule morphology variant Any variation in the morphology of the different inclusions within the intestinal cytoplasm, including birefringent crystalline objects and other dark-staining endosomes compared to control. In C. elegans these contents might include glycogen granules (polysaccharide storage), rhabditin (carbohydrate storage), yolk granules (lipid and protein), and concentrated waste products (Wormatlas). WB:WBPaper00040622 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals consume less food than control animals C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002241 feeding reduced Animals consume less food than control animals WB:WBPaper00036303 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit detrimental responses to iron deficiency more readily than control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002242 hypersensitive to iron deficiency Animals exhibit detrimental responses to iron deficiency more readily than control animals. WB:WBPaper00040550 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals do not produce the same amount of functional phytochelatins as measured in control worms. Phytochelatins are any of a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002243 phytochelatin synthesis deficient Animals do not produce the same amount of functional phytochelatins as measured in control worms. Phytochelatins are any of a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes. GO:0046938 WB:WBPaper00036020 WB:WBPerson712 Animals respond to arsenic at a lower concentration or at a shorter exposure time compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002244 arsenic hypersensitive Animals respond to arsenic at a lower concentration or at a shorter exposure time compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00036020 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit reduced levels of endogenous zinc compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002245 endogenous zinc levels reduced Animals exhibit reduced levels of endogenous zinc compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00040622 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit increased levels of endogenous zinc compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002246 endogenous zinc levels increased Animals exhibit increased levels of endogenous zinc compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00040622 WB:WBPerson2987 Variations in the regulation of levels, transport, and metabolism of copper ions within an organism compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002247 copper homeostasis variant Variations in the regulation of levels, transport, and metabolism of copper ions within an organism compared to control. WB:WBPaper00040622 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit detrimental responses to zinc deficiency more readily than control animals C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002248 hypersensitive to zinc deficiency Animals exhibit detrimental responses to zinc deficiency more readily than control animals WB:WBPaper00040622 WB:WBPerson2987 Protein oxidation levels, as measured by carbonylated protein levels for example, are reduced compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002249 reduced protein oxidation levels Protein oxidation levels, as measured by carbonylated protein levels for example, are reduced compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00040914 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals respond to silver at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002250 silver hypersensitive Animals respond to silver at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Animals respond to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002251 silver nanoparticle hypersensitive Animals respond to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00044630 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals are more prone to infection by virus compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002252 increased susceptibility to viral infection Animals are more prone to infection by virus compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00046393 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit lowered levels of any or all of the clades of 22G RNA molecules, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002253 22G RNA expression reduced Animals exhibit lowered levels of any or all of the clades of 22G RNA molecules, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00046393 WB:WBPerson712 3' uridylation of mRNA targeted for silencing does not occur at the same rate or extent of targeted mRNA in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002254 3 prime target RNA uridylation reduced 3' uridylation of mRNA targeted for silencing does not occur at the same rate or extent of targeted mRNA in control animals. WB:WBPaper00046393 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in any process that involves the maintenance, biosynthesis or accumulation of amino acids within the organism or cell compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002255 amino acid metabolism variant Animals exhibit variations in any process that involves the maintenance, biosynthesis or accumulation of amino acids within the organism or cell compared to control. WB:WBPaper00038278 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit variations in their response to selenium compared to that observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002256 selenium response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to selenium compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00038278 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals respond to iron at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002257 iron hypersensitive Animals respond to iron at a lower concentration or a shorter exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00038278 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals fail to exhibit toxicity to the concentration of nickel that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. In C. elegans toxic responses to nickel include delayed development or lethality. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002258 nickel toxicity resistant Animals fail to exhibit toxicity to the concentration of nickel that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. In C. elegans toxic responses to nickel include delayed development or lethality. WB:WBPaper00038278 WB:WBPerson2987 The number of terminal regions of a neuron's dendrite is less that that observed for control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002259 dendritic termini number reduced The number of terminal regions of a neuron's dendrite is less that that observed for control animals. WB:WBPaper00046432 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Ooctyes and or sperm appear vacuolated and degenerated compared to gametes in control animals. This degeneration is not due to normal programmed cell death. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology necrotic gamete degeneration increased WBPhenotype:0002260 gamete necrotic death increased Ooctyes and or sperm appear vacuolated and degenerated compared to gametes in control animals. This degeneration is not due to normal programmed cell death. WB:WBPaper00041364 WB:WBPerson712 An effective connection between reciprocal target neurons is not established properly. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002261 neurite connectivity defective An effective connection between reciprocal target neurons is not established properly. WB:WBPaper00042557 WB:WBPerson712 Animals display variations in the distribution of the constituents of the postsynaptic side of the active zone, compared to control animals, that are required for receiving signals from the presynaptic side. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002262 postsynaptic component localization variant Animals display variations in the distribution of the constituents of the postsynaptic side of the active zone, compared to control animals, that are required for receiving signals from the presynaptic side. WB:WBPaper00005543 WB:WBPaper00038066 WB:WBPerson712 Any increase in the membrane potential (voltage gradient) across the inner mitochondrial membrane compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002263 mitochondrial membrane potential increased Any increase in the membrane potential (voltage gradient) across the inner mitochondrial membrane compared to control. WB:WBPaper00040353 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit an increase in the cellular levels of Adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP), compared to control. ATP is a nucleotide that plays a versatile role in cell biology. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002264 ATP levels increased Animals exhibit an increase in the cellular levels of Adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP), compared to control. ATP is a nucleotide that plays a versatile role in cell biology. WB:WBPaper00036073 WB:WBPaper00040353 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the processes that are carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of membrane bound organelles, known as lysosome-related organelles (LROs) that, like lysosomes, have an acidic interior and generally act to digest components of the cell but are distinct in function, composition, and morphology, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002265 lysosome-related organelle biogenesis variant Variations in the processes that are carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of membrane bound organelles, known as lysosome-related organelles (LROs) that, like lysosomes, have an acidic interior and generally act to digest components of the cell but are distinct in function, composition, and morphology, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00041842 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit variations in the overall amount of mitochondria present in the animal, as determined by, for example, Mitotracker staining. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002266 mitochondrial content variant Animals exhibit variations in the overall amount of mitochondria present in the animal, as determined by, for example, Mitotracker staining. WB:WBPaper00035277 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit increases in the overall amount of mitochondria present in the animal, as determined by, for example, Mitotracker staining. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002267 mitochondrial content increased Animals exhibit increases in the overall amount of mitochondria present in the animal, as determined by, for example, Mitotracker staining. WB:WBPaper00035277 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit decreases in the overall amount of mitochondria present in the animal, as determined by, for example, Mitotracker staining. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002268 mitochondrial content decreased Animals exhibit decreases in the overall amount of mitochondria present in the animal, as determined by, for example, Mitotracker staining. WB:WBPaper00035277 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit an increased rate of oxygen utilization compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002269 oxygen consumption increased Animals exhibit an increased rate of oxygen utilization compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00035277 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit a decrease in the quantity of metabolites, small molecule products or intermediates required for the metabolic functioning of the cell or organism C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002270 metabolite content decreased Animals exhibit a decrease in the quantity of metabolites, small molecule products or intermediates required for the metabolic functioning of the cell or organism WB:WBPaper00040386 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit variations in the rate at which food is absorbed by the intestine, as determined by a time-course recording of fat staining (by C1-BODIPY-C12, for example) normalized to controls C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002271 food absorption rate variant Animals exhibit variations in the rate at which food is absorbed by the intestine, as determined by a time-course recording of fat staining (by C1-BODIPY-C12, for example) normalized to controls WB:WBPaper00032310 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit variations in the covalent modification of one or more native amino acid side chains in proteins to carbonyl derivatives such as an aldehyde or ketone. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002272 protein carbonylation variant Animals exhibit variations in the covalent modification of one or more native amino acid side chains in proteins to carbonyl derivatives such as an aldehyde or ketone. WB:WBPaper00006515 Animals exhibit enhanced negative effects on growth, health, development or metabolism, in response to dietary sugar-rich diets, compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002273 dietary sugar response variant Animals exhibit enhanced negative effects on growth, health, development or metabolism, in response to dietary sugar-rich diets, compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00045849 WB:WBPerson712 Males receive copulatory plugs from other males, deposited elsewhere on their bodies, in the absence of any orifice. This typically involves penetration of the depositing male's spicules directly through the cuticle of the recipient male. Plob C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002274 plugged on body Males receive copulatory plugs from other males, deposited elsewhere on their bodies, in the absence of any orifice. This typically involves penetration of the depositing male's spicules directly through the cuticle of the recipient male. WB:WBPerson22615 WB:WBPerson7165 Males receive copulatory plugs from other males, deposited on their excretory pores. This phenotype is polymorphic among C. elegans strains and also in C. briggsae. Pleb C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Plep WBPhenotype:0002275 plugged excretory pore Males receive copulatory plugs from other males, deposited on their excretory pores. This phenotype is polymorphic among C. elegans strains and also in C. briggsae. WB:WBPerson22615 WB:WBPerson7165 The life span of dauer-staged animals is shorter than that observed in control dauer animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002276 dauer lifespan shortened The life span of dauer-staged animals is shorter than that observed in control dauer animals. WB:WBPaper00032396 WB:WBPerson2987 The life span of dauer-staged animals is longer than that observed in control dauer animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002277 dauer lifespan extended The life span of dauer-staged animals is longer than that observed in control dauer animals. WB:WBPaper00032396 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals do not develop acute functional tolerance to alcohol after a short exposure, unlike that observed in control animals C_elegans_phenotype_ontology ATF WBPhenotype:0002278 acute functional tolerance to alcohol defective Animals do not develop acute functional tolerance to alcohol after a short exposure, unlike that observed in control animals WB:WBPaper00046494 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit a decrease in the size of fat containing organelles compared to control. In C. elegans this can be assayed by BODIPY 493/503 staining. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology lipid body size decreased WBPhenotype:0002279 fat associated body size decreased Animals exhibit a decrease in the size of fat containing organelles compared to control. In C. elegans this can be assayed by BODIPY 493/503 staining. WB:WBPaper00042257 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit resistance to osmotic stress compared to that observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002280 organism osmotic stress resistant Animals exhibit resistance to osmotic stress compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00032396 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit hypersensitivty to osmotic stress compared to that observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002281 organism osmotic stress hypersensitive Animals exhibit hypersensitivty to osmotic stress compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00032396 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit increased levels of the process by which their cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002282 autophagy increased Animals exhibit increased levels of the process by which their cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00026641 WB:WBPaper00038332 WB:WBPaper00041372 WB:WBPaper00043981 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit reduced levels of the process by which their cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002283 autophagy reduced Animals exhibit reduced levels of the process by which their cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00006070 WB:WBPaper00035076 WB:WBPaper00041851 WB:WBPaper00043981 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the extent of the maximum flex of the most anterior portion of the animal compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002284 head bend angle variant Any variation in the extent of the maximum flex of the most anterior portion of the animal compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit a decrease in the extent of the maximum flex of the most anterior portion of the animal compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002285 head bend angle decreased Animals exhibit a decrease in the extent of the maximum flex of the most anterior portion of the animal compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit an increase in the extent of the maximum flex of the most anterior portion of the animal compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002286 head bend angle increased Animals exhibit an increase in the extent of the maximum flex of the most anterior portion of the animal compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 The most posterior portion of the animal exhibits variations in its movement compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002287 tail movement variant The most posterior portion of the animal exhibits variations in its movement compared to control. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the extent of the maximum flex of the most posterior portion of the animal compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002288 tail bend angle variant Any variation in the extent of the maximum flex of the most posterior portion of the animal compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit an increase in the extent of the maximum flex of the most posterior portion of the animal compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002289 tail bend angle increased Animals exhibit an increase in the extent of the maximum flex of the most posterior portion of the animal compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit a decrease in the extent of the maximum flex of the most posterior portion of the animal compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002290 tail bend angle decreased Animals exhibit a decrease in the extent of the maximum flex of the most posterior portion of the animal compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in body posture with regard to the extent of displacement measured from the mean position to an extreme position compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002291 body posture amplitude variant Animals exhibit variations in body posture with regard to the extent of displacement measured from the mean position to an extreme position compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in body posture caused by a decrease in the extent of displacement measured from the mean position to an extreme position compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002292 body posture amplitude decreased Animals exhibit variations in body posture caused by a decrease in the extent of displacement measured from the mean position to an extreme position compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in body posture caused by an increase in the extent of displacement measured from the mean position to an extreme position compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002293 body posture amplitude increased Animals exhibit variations in body posture caused by an increase in the extent of displacement measured from the mean position to an extreme position compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in body posture with regard to the distance between repeating units of a wave pattern compared to control animals. In C. elegans, characteristic sinusoidal body posture is sinusoidal. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002294 body posture wavelength variant Animals exhibit variations in body posture with regard to the distance between repeating units of a wave pattern compared to control animals. In C. elegans, characteristic sinusoidal body posture is sinusoidal. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in body posture caused by a decrease in the distance between repeating units of a wave pattern compared to control animals. In C. elegans, characteristic sinusoidal body posture is sinusoidal. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002295 body posture wavelength decreased Animals exhibit variations in body posture caused by a decrease in the distance between repeating units of a wave pattern compared to control animals. In C. elegans, characteristic sinusoidal body posture is sinusoidal. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in body posture caused by an increase in the distance between repeating units of a wave pattern compared to control animals. In C. elegans, characteristic sinusoidal body posture is sinusoidal. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002296 body posture wavelength increased Animals exhibit variations in body posture caused by an increase in the distance between repeating units of a wave pattern compared to control animals. In C. elegans, characteristic sinusoidal body posture is sinusoidal. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the occurrence of a coil-like body posture compared to control animals. This includes the amount of time spent in a coil, the frequency with which coils form and the inappropriate formation of a coil, for example when attempting to locomote. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002297 coiling variant Animals exhibit variations in the occurrence of a coil-like body posture compared to control animals. This includes the amount of time spent in a coil, the frequency with which coils form and the inappropriate formation of a coil, for example when attempting to locomote. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the amount of time spent with its body posture in a coil or the frequency with which they form coils compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002298 coiling frequency variant Animals exhibit variations in the amount of time spent with its body posture in a coil or the frequency with which they form coils compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals spend less time with their body posture in a coil or they decrease the frequency with which they form coils compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002299 coiling frequency decreased Animals spend less time with their body posture in a coil or they decrease the frequency with which they form coils compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals spend more time with their body posture in a coil or they increase the frequency with which they form coils compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002300 coiling frequency increased Animals spend more time with their body posture in a coil or they increase the frequency with which they form coils compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 The extreme anterior of the animal exhibits variations in its movement compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002301 nose movement variant The extreme anterior of the animal exhibits variations in its movement compared to control. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit a decrease in the movement of the extreme anterior portion of the body to a new location compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002302 nose movement decreased Animals exhibit a decrease in the movement of the extreme anterior portion of the body to a new location compared to control. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit an increase in the movement of the extreme anterior portion of the body to a new location compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002303 nose movement increased Animals exhibit an increase in the movement of the extreme anterior portion of the body to a new location compared to control. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit a decrease in the movement of the most anterior portion of the body to a new location compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002304 head movement decreased Animals exhibit a decrease in the movement of the most anterior portion of the body to a new location compared to control. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit an increase in the movement of the most anterior portion of the body to a new location compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002305 head movement increased Animals exhibit an increase in the movement of the most anterior portion of the body to a new location compared to control. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit a decrease in the movement of the most posterior portion of the body to a new location compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002306 tail movement decreased Animals exhibit a decrease in the movement of the most posterior portion of the body to a new location compared to control. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit an increase in the movement of the most posterior portion of the body to a new location compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002307 tail movement increased Animals exhibit an increase in the movement of the most posterior portion of the body to a new location compared to control. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the amount of time spent in a paused state, which is neither moving forward or backward, compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002308 pausing variant Animals exhibit variations in the amount of time spent in a paused state, which is neither moving forward or backward, compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit a decrease in the amount of time spent in a paused state, which is neither moving forward or backward, compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002309 pausing decreased Animals exhibit a decrease in the amount of time spent in a paused state, which is neither moving forward or backward, compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit an increase in the amount of time spent in a paused state, which is neither moving forward or backward, compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002310 pausing increased Animals exhibit an increase in the amount of time spent in a paused state, which is neither moving forward or backward, compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the behavior by which an organism alters its trajectory of movement compared to control, excluding shifts from forward to backward movements (this is reversal). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002311 turning variant Variations in the behavior by which an organism alters its trajectory of movement compared to control, excluding shifts from forward to backward movements (this is reversal). WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the frequency of execution of the behavior by which the animal alters its trajectory of movement compared to control, excluding shifts from forward to backward movements (this is reversal). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002312 turning frequency variant Animals exhibit variations in the frequency of execution of the behavior by which the animal alters its trajectory of movement compared to control, excluding shifts from forward to backward movements (this is reversal). WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit an increase in the frequency of execution of the behavior by which the animal alters its trajectory of movement compared to control, excluding shifts from forward to backward movements (this is reversal). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002313 turning frequency increased Animals exhibit an increase in the frequency of execution of the behavior by which the animal alters its trajectory of movement compared to control, excluding shifts from forward to backward movements (this is reversal). WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit a decrease in the frequency of execution of the behavior by which the animal alters its trajectory of movement compared to control, excluding shifts from forward to backward movements (this is reversal). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002314 turning frequency reduced Animals exhibit a decrease in the frequency of execution of the behavior by which the animal alters its trajectory of movement compared to control, excluding shifts from forward to backward movements (this is reversal). WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in their movement at high-speed in the forward direction with brief backward movement compared to control. During roaming, control animals often traverse wide regions. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology path range variant WBPhenotype:0002315 roaming variant Animals exhibit variations in their movement at high-speed in the forward direction with brief backward movement compared to control. During roaming, control animals often traverse wide regions. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the low-speed/high turning movement that restricts them to a confined region compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002316 dwelling variant Animals exhibit variations in the low-speed/high turning movement that restricts them to a confined region compared to control. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit an increase in the low-speed/high turning movement that usually restricts them to a confined region compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002317 dwelling increased Animals exhibit an increase in the low-speed/high turning movement that usually restricts them to a confined region compared to control. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit a decrease in the low-speed/high turning movement that usually restricts them to a confined region compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002318 dwelling reduced Animals exhibit a decrease in the low-speed/high turning movement that usually restricts them to a confined region compared to control. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit an increase in their high-speed movement in the forward direction with brief backward movement compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology path range increased WBPhenotype:0002319 roaming increased Animals exhibit an increase in their high-speed movement in the forward direction with brief backward movement compared to control. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the behavior by which an organism shifts from forward to backward movements. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002320 reversal variant Variations in the behavior by which an organism shifts from forward to backward movements. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit decreased velocity of forward translocation of any point along the animal's track from that observed for control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002321 forward point velocity decreased Animals exhibit decreased velocity of forward translocation of any point along the animal's track from that observed for control animals. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit increased velocity of forward translocation of any point along the animal's track from that observed for control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002322 forward point velocity increased Animals exhibit increased velocity of forward translocation of any point along the animal's track from that observed for control animals. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the velocity of backward translocation of any point along the animal's track from that observed for control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002323 backward point velocity variant Animals exhibit variations in the velocity of backward translocation of any point along the animal's track from that observed for control animals. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit decreased velocity of backward translocation of any point along the animal's track from that observed for control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002324 backward point velocity decreased Animals exhibit decreased velocity of backward translocation of any point along the animal's track from that observed for control animals. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit increased velocity of backward translocation of any point along the animal's track from that observed for control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002325 backward point velocity increased Animals exhibit increased velocity of backward translocation of any point along the animal's track from that observed for control animals. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit a decrease in the net velocity of an animal. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology sluggish WBPhenotype:0002326 velocity of movement decreased Animals exhibit a decrease in the net velocity of an animal. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit an increase in the net velocity of an animal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002327 velocity of movement increased Animals exhibit an increase in the net velocity of an animal WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit an increase in the extent of a vibratory movement (as a worm bend) measured from the mean position to an extreme position compared to control. amplitude of body bends increased C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002328 amplitude of sinusoidal movement increased Animals exhibit an increase in the extent of a vibratory movement (as a worm bend) measured from the mean position to an extreme position compared to control. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 OBSOLETE. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002329 obsolete temporal frequency of sinusoidal movement variant true OBSOLETE. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 OBSOLETE. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002330 obsolete temporal frequency of sinusoidal movement decreased true OBSOLETE. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 OBSOLETE. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002331 obsolete temporal frequency of sinusoidal movement increased true OBSOLETE. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the length of the minimum enclosing rectangle surrounding the worm body on a solid medium, as viewed through the microscope. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002332 track length variant Animals exhibit variations in the length of the minimum enclosing rectangle surrounding the worm body on a solid medium, as viewed through the microscope. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit increased length of the minimum enclosing rectangle surrounding the worm body on a solid medium, as viewed through the microscope. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002333 track length increased Animals exhibit increased length of the minimum enclosing rectangle surrounding the worm body on a solid medium, as viewed through the microscope. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit decreased length of the minimum enclosing rectangle surrounding the worm body on a solid medium, as viewed through the microscope. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002334 track length decreased Animals exhibit decreased length of the minimum enclosing rectangle surrounding the worm body on a solid medium, as viewed through the microscope. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the extent to which the overall path of movement is curved, compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002335 path curvature variant Animals exhibit variations in the extent to which the overall path of movement is curved, compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit increases in the extent to which the overall path of movement is curved, producing tighter and more frequent curves compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002336 path curvature increased Animals exhibit increases in the extent to which the overall path of movement is curved, producing tighter and more frequent curves compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit decreases in the extent to which the overall path of movement is curved, producing shallower, less frequent curves and an overall straighter path, compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002337 path curvature decreased Animals exhibit decreases in the extent to which the overall path of movement is curved, producing shallower, less frequent curves and an overall straighter path, compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the body-area-to-length ratio and/or the width-to-length ratio, compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002338 body proportion variant Animals exhibit variations in the body-area-to-length ratio and/or the width-to-length ratio, compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit increases in the body-area-to-length ratio and/or the width-to-length ratio, compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002339 body proportion increased Animals exhibit increases in the body-area-to-length ratio and/or the width-to-length ratio, compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit decreases in the body-area-to-length ratio and/or the width-to-length ratio, compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002340 body proportion decreased Animals exhibit decreases in the body-area-to-length ratio and/or the width-to-length ratio, compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in instantaneous posture with regards to eccentricity (measure of circularity) or the mean number (and/or standard deviation) of instantaneous body bends. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002341 bent posture variant Animals exhibit variations in instantaneous posture with regards to eccentricity (measure of circularity) or the mean number (and/or standard deviation) of instantaneous body bends. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit increased posture eccentricity (measure of circularity) or the mean number (and/or standard deviation) of instantaneous body bends. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002342 bent posture increased Animals exhibit increased posture eccentricity (measure of circularity) or the mean number (and/or standard deviation) of instantaneous body bends. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit decreased posture eccentricity (measure of circularity) or the mean number (and/or standard deviation) of instantaneous body bends. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002343 bent posture decreased Animals exhibit decreased posture eccentricity (measure of circularity) or the mean number (and/or standard deviation) of instantaneous body bends. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals spend less time backing compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002344 backing decreased Animals spend less time backing compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the spontaneous or induced forward crawling locomotion of an animal compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002345 forward locomotion variant Variations in the spontaneous or induced forward crawling locomotion of an animal compared to control. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals spend more time in forward locomotion, compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002346 forward locomotion increased Animals spend more time in forward locomotion, compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals spend less time in forward locomotion, compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002347 forward locomotion decreased Animals spend less time in forward locomotion, compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit an increase in the frequency of oscillations between adjacent body segments from that observed for control animals. WBPhenotype:0002331 frequency of sinusoidal movement increased temporal frequency of sinusoidal movement increased C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002348 frequency of body bends increased Animals exhibit an increase in the frequency of oscillations between adjacent body segments from that observed for control animals. WB:WBPaper00043908 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 The levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (a.k.a. PtdIns3P or PI3P) are reduced compared to those of control animals C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002349 phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate levels reduced The levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (a.k.a. PtdIns3P or PI3P) are reduced compared to those of control animals WB:WBPaper00044390 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit increases in steady-state levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002350 hydrogen peroxide levels increased Animals exhibit increases in steady-state levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) compared to control. WB:WBPaper00041478 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit reductions in steady-state levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002351 hydrogen peroxide levels reduced Animals exhibit reductions in steady-state levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) compared to control. WB:WBPaper00041478 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit elevated levels of transfer RNA compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002352 tRNA expression increased Animals exhibit elevated levels of transfer RNA compared to control. WB:WBPaper00046188 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit reduced levels of transfer RNA compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002353 tRNA expression decreased Animals exhibit reduced levels of transfer RNA compared to control. WB:WBPaper00046188 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals are more prone to infection from fungal pathogens compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002354 increased susceptibility to fungal infection Animals are more prone to infection from fungal pathogens compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00045575 WB:WBPerson712 Animals are more prone to infection by bacterial pathogens compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002355 increased susceptibility to bacterial pathogens Animals are more prone to infection by bacterial pathogens compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00045575 WB:WBPerson712 Animals are negatively affected by bacteria that is nonpathogenic to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002356 sickened by nonpathogenic bacteria Animals are negatively affected by bacteria that is nonpathogenic to control animals. WB:WBPaper00045575 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit an increase in the quantity of metabolites, small molecule products or intermediates required for the metabolic functioning of the cell or organism. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002357 metabolite content increased Animals exhibit an increase in the quantity of metabolites, small molecule products or intermediates required for the metabolic functioning of the cell or organism. WB:WBPaper00045546 WB:WBPaper00045575 WB:WBPerson712 The conversion of one differentiated cell type into another does not occur as it does in control animals. In C. elegans, the Y cell undergoes a dramatic redifferentiation from being a cell in of the rectum to a PDA neuron. This transdifferentiation requires the cell to withdraw from its established position, migrate, and then become a motor neuron. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002358 transdifferentiation defective The conversion of one differentiated cell type into another does not occur as it does in control animals. In C. elegans, the Y cell undergoes a dramatic redifferentiation from being a cell in of the rectum to a PDA neuron. This transdifferentiation requires the cell to withdraw from its established position, migrate, and then become a motor neuron. WB:WBPaper00037659 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit an increase in the covalent modification of one or more native amino acid side chains in proteins to carbonyl derivatives such as an aldehyde or ketone. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002359 protein carbonylation increased Animals exhibit an increase in the covalent modification of one or more native amino acid side chains in proteins to carbonyl derivatives such as an aldehyde or ketone. WB:WBPaper00041478 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals respond more severely to cold than control animals subjected to the same cold conditions. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002360 cold hypersensitive Animals respond more severely to cold than control animals subjected to the same cold conditions. WB:WBPaper00046830 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit increased fluidity of cell membranes, compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002361 membrane fluidity increased Animals exhibit increased fluidity of cell membranes, compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00046830 WB:WBPerson2987 Variations in the process by which one or more SUMO moieties are added to a protein, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002362 protein sumoylation variant Variations in the process by which one or more SUMO moieties are added to a protein, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00048594 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals are more resistant to the reduction of cholesterol in the environment compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002363 cholesterol depletion resistant Animals are more resistant to the reduction of cholesterol in the environment compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00024451 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Spontaneous axon breaks leading to degeneration of separated segments. axon degeneration C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002364 axonal degeneration Spontaneous axon breaks leading to degeneration of separated segments. WB:WBPaper00024451 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson9270 Following axon damage, animals do not undergo axonal fusion after reconnection between the regrowing axon and its separated segment to the same extent as observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002365 regenerative axonal fusion defective Following axon damage, animals do not undergo axonal fusion after reconnection between the regrowing axon and its separated segment to the same extent as observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00046306 WB:WBPerson29819 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals do not suppress exploratory head movements in response to anterior touch stimuli, unlike control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002366 touch-induced suppression of head movement defective Animals do not suppress exploratory head movements in response to anterior touch stimuli, unlike control animals. WB:WBPaper00039982 WB:WBPerson712 Animals are less successful than controls in extracting themselves from mesh or other non-living obstructing obstacles. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002367 non-living barrier escape defective Animals are less successful than controls in extracting themselves from mesh or other non-living obstructing obstacles. WB:WBPaper00039982 WB:WBPerson712 Lysosomal refractile bodies are apoptotic-like cell corpse; however, they differ in size and shape and can be described as resembling irregular cell corpses. These bodies have been shown to represent enlarged lysosomes and can occur in conjunction with altered programmed cell death programs. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002368 lysosomal refractile body accumulation Lysosomal refractile bodies are apoptotic-like cell corpse; however, they differ in size and shape and can be described as resembling irregular cell corpses. These bodies have been shown to represent enlarged lysosomes and can occur in conjunction with altered programmed cell death programs. WB:WBPaper00005190 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit sister cells that have lost otherwise normal asynchrony of cell division timing, compared to control animals. This results in sister cells aberrantly dividing in synchrony. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002369 sister cell division timing asynchrony reduced Animals exhibit sister cells that have lost otherwise normal asynchrony of cell division timing, compared to control animals. This results in sister cells aberrantly dividing in synchrony. WB:WBPaper00046953 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals fail to execute their characteristic movements to avoid noxious heat in a manner consistent with controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002370 noxious heat avoidance defective Animals fail to execute their characteristic movements to avoid noxious heat in a manner consistent with controls. WB:WBPaper00046106 WB:WBPerson12691 WB:WBPerson557 Vesicles, including those in cells, cell bodies, or synaptic terminals, do not properly form or maintain an intermediate state, such as remain coated with a clathrin coat. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002371 vesicle maturation defective Vesicles, including those in cells, cell bodies, or synaptic terminals, do not properly form or maintain an intermediate state, such as remain coated with a clathrin coat. WB:WBPaper00004275 WB:WBPerson712 Vesicles in the presynaptic terminal differ in size, shape, or composition from those observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002372 presynaptic vesicle morphology altered Vesicles in the presynaptic terminal differ in size, shape, or composition from those observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00004275 WB:WBPerson712 Animals show a stronger preference for a particular bacterium that has been grown under conditions that differ from a control lawn. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002373 conditional attraction to bacterial lawn Animals show a stronger preference for a particular bacterium that has been grown under conditions that differ from a control lawn. WB:WBPaper00048410 WB:WBPerson712 Animals are deficient in the transport of silencing RNAs between cells during the systemic RNAi response process. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002374 RNAi transport defective Animals are deficient in the transport of silencing RNAs between cells during the systemic RNAi response process. WB:WBPaper00041467 WB:WBPerson712 Animals that exhibit paralysis (reduced thrashing) revert back to normal swimming behavior that can be tabulated as a reversion index (number revertants/number paralysis) and reversion probability (time in reversion/time after paralysis). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002375 reversion of swimming paralysis Animals that exhibit paralysis (reduced thrashing) revert back to normal swimming behavior that can be tabulated as a reversion index (number revertants/number paralysis) and reversion probability (time in reversion/time after paralysis). WB:WBPaper00041219 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit one or more mRNAs with decreased length of the 3' polyadenine tail, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002376 mRNA poly-A tail length decreased Animals exhibit one or more mRNAs with decreased length of the 3' polyadenine tail, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00046960 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit one or more mRNAs with increased length of the 3' polyadenine tail, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002377 mRNA poly-A tail length increased Animals exhibit one or more mRNAs with increased length of the 3' polyadenine tail, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00046960 WB:WBPerson2987 Variations in the characteristic movement away from specific disease causing agents (pathogens) compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002378 pathogen avoidance variant Variations in the characteristic movement away from specific disease causing agents (pathogens) compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00048530 WB:WBPerson495 WB:WBPerson557 The subcellular localization of mitochondrial organelles differ from that observed in control cells. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002379 mitochondria localization variant The subcellular localization of mitochondrial organelles differ from that observed in control cells. WB:WBPaper00045008 WB:WBPerson298 WB:WBPerson557 Neurons undergo a dramatic decrease in cell volume, collapse of the vacuoles and processes, and complete disintegration of the plasma membrane and most organelles at a faster rate or greater extent than those under conditions that elicit this response in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology increased neurodegeneration WBPhenotype:0002380 neuron degeneration enhanced Neurons undergo a dramatic decrease in cell volume, collapse of the vacuoles and processes, and complete disintegration of the plasma membrane and most organelles at a faster rate or greater extent than those under conditions that elicit this response in control animals. WB:WBPaper00045008 WB:WBPerson298 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the amount and/or quality of pheromone produced compared to control animals at a defined stage. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002381 pheromone production variant Animals exhibit variations in the amount and/or quality of pheromone produced compared to control animals at a defined stage. WB:WBPaper00046134 WB:WBPerson14245 WB:WBPerson557 Animals fail to respond to the concentration of a bioactive compound that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. A bioactive compound is a chemical found in small amounts in organisms or, synthetically produced, that has effects on biological processes in another organism. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002382 resistant to bioactive compound Animals fail to respond to the concentration of a bioactive compound that elicits a response in control animals. Alternatively, animals require increased concentration or longer exposure to this compound to elicit the response compared to control animals. A bioactive compound is a chemical found in small amounts in organisms or, synthetically produced, that has effects on biological processes in another organism. WB:WBPaper00045930 WB:WBPerson12526 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the decreased behavioral response to repeated light head or tail touch compared to control. A gentle touch to the animal's head causes backward movement, whereas a gentle touch to the animal's tail causes forward movement. When wild-type animals are touched repeatedly on the head or tail, after some repetition they stop responding to the touch stimulus. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002383 light touch habituation variant Any variation in the decreased behavioral response to repeated light head or tail touch compared to control. A gentle touch to the animal's head causes backward movement, whereas a gentle touch to the animal's tail causes forward movement. When wild-type animals are touched repeatedly on the head or tail, after some repetition they stop responding to the touch stimulus. WB:WBPaper00041335 WB:WBPerson5092 WB:WBPerson557 Animals are resistant to the toxicity of an anti-infective xenobiotic such as R24. Such small molecules protect the host from bacterial infection by inducing antibacterial immune responses via the p38 MAPK pathway. These molecules tend to have toxic effects in addition to immunostimulatory activity. Xts C_elegans_phenotype_ontology Xenobiotic toxicity resistant WBPhenotype:0002384 xenotoxicity suppressor Animals are resistant to the toxicity of an anti-infective xenobiotic such as R24. Such small molecules protect the host from bacterial infection by inducing antibacterial immune responses via the p38 MAPK pathway. These molecules tend to have toxic effects in addition to immunostimulatory activity. WB:WBPerson512 Animals fail to avoid a high pH (alkaline) environment as compared to control animals. This is at very high pH, for example around pH11. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002385 high pH avoidance defective Animals fail to avoid a high pH (alkaline) environment as compared to control animals. This is at very high pH, for example around pH11. WB:WBPaper00043891 WB:WBPerson1928 Animals exhibit variations in the assembly of the fibrous body-membranous organelle (FB-MO), a nematode sperm-specific organelle involved in cytoplasmic partitioning during spermatogenesis, compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002386 fibrous body-membranous organelle (FB-MO) assembly variant Animals exhibit variations in the assembly of the fibrous body-membranous organelle (FB-MO), a nematode sperm-specific organelle involved in cytoplasmic partitioning during spermatogenesis, compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00041071 WB:WBPerson602 Dividing cells exhibit additional arrays of microtubules emanating from a spindle pole that do not connect to kinetochores, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002387 supernumerary asters Dividing cells exhibit additional arrays of microtubules emanating from a spindle pole that do not connect to kinetochores, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00041071 WB:WBPerson602 Any variation in the second stage of cell division, between prophase and anaphase, during which the chromosomes become attached to the spindle fibers. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002388 metaphase variant Any variation in the second stage of cell division, between prophase and anaphase, during which the chromosomes become attached to the spindle fibers. WB:WBPaper00000008 WB:WBPerson2987 Any variation in the stage of meiotic or mitotic cell division in which the chromosomes move away from one another to opposite poles of the spindle. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002389 anaphase variant Any variation in the stage of meiotic or mitotic cell division in which the chromosomes move away from one another to opposite poles of the spindle. WB:WBPaper00000008 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit larger variations in cell division timing events than in controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002390 variable cell division timing Animals exhibit larger variations in cell division timing events than in controls. WB:WBPaper00046953 WB:WBPerson2987 Cells attempt to divide but fail to form two daughter cells. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002391 cytokinesis failure Cells attempt to divide but fail to form two daughter cells. WB:WBPaper00041071 WB:WBPerson557 A depletion of somatic, but not germline, lipid stores are observed near the end of the reproductive period. Asdf C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002392 age dependent somatic depletion of fat A depletion of somatic, but not germline, lipid stores are observed near the end of the reproductive period. WB:WBPaper00048925 WB:WBPerson2173 Any variation in the processes that govern the directed extension of neurite projections along the anteroposterior axis of the animal compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology anteroposterior neurite growth variant WBPhenotype:0002393 anterior posterior neurite growth variant Any variation in the processes that govern the directed extension of neurite projections along the anteroposterior axis of the animal compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00041941 WB:WBPerson1687 WB:WBPerson557 The closure of a phagosome does not occur and it remains connected with the plasma membrane, leaving the lumen open to the outside. Complete closure usually occurs once an apoptotic cell has been surrounded by an engulfing cell. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002394 phagosome sealing defective The closure of a phagosome does not occur and it remains connected with the plasma membrane, leaving the lumen open to the outside. Complete closure usually occurs once an apoptotic cell has been surrounded by an engulfing cell. WB:WBPaper00048406 WB:WBPerson17560 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit variations in recognition of cell corpses and initiation of corpse engulfment, compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002395 corpse engulfment initiation variant Animals exhibit variations in recognition of cell corpses and initiation of corpse engulfment, compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00048406 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals with a tumorous germline exhibit a decreased frequency of the presence of a tumor prolapse, a protrusion of tumor cells from the vulva, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002396 tumor prolapse frequency decreased Animals with a tumorous germline exhibit a decreased frequency of the presence of a tumor prolapse, a protrusion of tumor cells from the vulva, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00049105 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals with a tumorous germline exhibit an increased frequency of the presence of a tumor prolapse, a protrusion of tumor cells from the vulva, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002397 tumor prolapse frequency increased Animals with a tumorous germline exhibit an increased frequency of the presence of a tumor prolapse, a protrusion of tumor cells from the vulva, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00049105 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit variations in the aggregation behavior of starved L1 larvae, compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002398 starved L1 larvae aggregation variant Animals exhibit variations in the aggregation behavior of starved L1 larvae, compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00046860 WB:WBPerson14935 Animals exhibit variations in their response to a specific neurotransmitter compared to that observed in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002399 neurotransmitter response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to a specific neurotransmitter compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00048522 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals do not live or live poorly in the presence of glucose concentrations that normally do not have an effect on control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002400 glucose intolerant Animals do not live or live poorly in the presence of glucose concentrations that normally do not have an effect on control animals. WB:WBPaper00049467 WB:WBPerson712 The concentration of fatty acids in the animal are greater than that observed for control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002401 excess fatty acids The concentration of fatty acids in the animal are greater than that observed for control animals. WB:WBPaper00049467 WB:WBPerson712 a cell (or group of cells) is not found in the correct body position compared the placement in control animals. cell position abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002402 cell position defective a cell (or group of cells) is not found in the correct body position compared the placement in control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Ventral midline blastomeres (P cells) are misaligned (not properly paired) along the ventral midline of larval animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002403 P cell misalignment at ventral midline Ventral midline blastomeres (P cells) are misaligned (not properly paired) along the ventral midline of larval animals. WB:WBPaper00040551 WB:WBPerson2987 Cell-cell contacts are abnormal, compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology cell cell contacts abnormal WBPhenotype:0002404 cell cell contacts abnormal Cell-cell contacts are abnormal, compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00040551 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit variations in the behavioral response to pheromones, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002405 pheromone behavioral response variant Animals exhibit variations in the behavioral response to pheromones, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00040651 WB:WBPerson2987 Any neurite that is extended towards the posterior of the animal from neurons that in wild-type animals make only anterior projections (e.g. D-type neurons in C. elegans). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002406 aberrant posteriorly-directed neurite Any neurite that is extended towards the posterior of the animal from neurons that in wild-type animals make only anterior projections (e.g. D-type neurons in C. elegans). WB:WBPerson1687 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the overall size of fertilized oocytes that are laid compared to those laid by control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology egg size abnormal WBPhenotype:0002407 egg size variant Any variation in the overall size of fertilized oocytes that are laid compared to those laid by control animals. WB:WBPerson557 Any variation that disrupts the cytoplasmic division of a cell during development compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology cytokinesis abnormal WBPhenotype:0002408 cytokinesis variant Any variation that disrupts the cytoplasmic division of a cell during development compared to control. GO:0000910 WB:WBPerson557 One or more extra cleavage furrows are observed in a cell about to undergo division. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002409 extra cleavage furrow One or more extra cleavage furrows are observed in a cell about to undergo division. WB:WBPerson557 Cells exhibit defects in the formation, maintenance or termination of the groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate during cytokinesis. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002410 cleavage furrow defective Cells exhibit defects in the formation, maintenance or termination of the groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate during cytokinesis. GO:0032154 WB:WBPerson557 Cells exhibit defects in the formation of the groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate at the onset of cytokinesis. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002411 cleavage furrow initiation defective Cells exhibit defects in the formation of the groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate at the onset of cytokinesis. WB:WBPerson557 Cells exhibit defects in the maintenance or termination of the groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate during cytokinesis. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002412 cleavage furrow termination defective Cells exhibit defects in the maintenance or termination of the groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate during cytokinesis. WB:WBPerson557 Animals have more than one nucleus in a particular cell type. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002413 multiple nuclei Animals have more than one nucleus in a particular cell type. WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the assembly, disassembly, arrangement, elongation or stabilization of the array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during mitosis or meiosis and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology spindle abnormal WBPhenotype:0002414 spindle variant Any variation in the assembly, disassembly, arrangement, elongation or stabilization of the array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during mitosis or meiosis and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart compared to control. GO:0005819 WB:WBPerson557 Cells exhibit defects in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated chromosomes apart. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002415 spindle assembly defective Cells exhibit defects in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated chromosomes apart. GO:0051225 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the placement of the array of microtubules and associated molecules that form between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during mitosis or meiosis compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002416 spindle position variant Any variation in the placement of the array of microtubules and associated molecules that form between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during mitosis or meiosis compared to control. GO:0051653 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the rotation of the spindle compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002417 spindle rotation variant Any variation in the rotation of the spindle compared to control. WB:WBPerson557 Cells lack the array of microtubules and associated molecules that form between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during mitosis or meiosis. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002418 spindle absent Cells lack the array of microtubules and associated molecules that form between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during mitosis or meiosis. GO:0005819 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the assembly, disassembly, arrangement, elongation or stabilization of the microtubule spindle asters during a cell cycle. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002419 spindle aster variant Any variation in the assembly, disassembly, arrangement, elongation or stabilization of the microtubule spindle asters during a cell cycle. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the nature and/or extent of chromatin modification, including but not limited to acetylation and/or methylation of histones, compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002420 chromatin modification variant Animals exhibit variations in the nature and/or extent of chromatin modification, including but not limited to acetylation and/or methylation of histones, compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00036090 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit increased ability to survive at low temperatures compared to controls. cold tolerant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002421 cold resistant Animals exhibit increased ability to survive at low temperatures compared to controls. WB:WBPerson10321 WB:WBPerson557 Animals respond to tunicamycin at a higher concentration or a longer exposure compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002422 tunicamycin resistant Animals respond to tunicamycin at a higher concentration or a longer exposure compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00036076 WB:WBPaper00037064 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit variations in response to hypoxia, low oxygen conditions, compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002423 hypoxia response variant Animals exhibit variations in response to hypoxia, low oxygen conditions, compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00037064 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit variations in response to anoxia, trace oxygen conditions, compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002424 anoxia response variant Animals exhibit variations in response to anoxia, trace oxygen conditions, compared to controls. WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the specific actions or reactions in response to external or internal stimuli in response to the aggregation of proteins. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002425 protein aggregation induced behavior variant Variations in the specific actions or reactions in response to external or internal stimuli in response to the aggregation of proteins. WB:WBPerson324 WB:WBPerson557 The duration of viability in the adult phase of the life-cycle is lowered in response to the aggregation of proteins. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002426 protein aggregation induced reduction of life span The duration of viability in the adult phase of the life-cycle is lowered in response to the aggregation of proteins. GO:0008340 WB:WBPaper00035872 WB:WBPerson324 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the behavioral plasticity induced by the integration of two sensory signals in response to the aggregation of proteins. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002427 protein aggregation induced associative learning variant Variations in the behavioral plasticity induced by the integration of two sensory signals in response to the aggregation of proteins. WB:WBPaper00035872 WB:WBPerson324 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit degeneration of the intestine, compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002428 intestinal degeneration Animals exhibit degeneration of the intestine, compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00041065 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit variations in the degree to which some proteins are glycosylated, compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002429 protein glycosylation variant Animals exhibit variations in the degree to which some proteins are glycosylated, compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00042060 WB:WBPerson2987 Any variation in the extent of mitochondrial DNA damage observed compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002430 mitochondrial DNA damage variant Any variation in the extent of mitochondrial DNA damage observed compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00041209 WB:WBPerson712 A telomerase-independent telomere maintenance pathway that allows for strains to survive in the absence of telomerase. ALT C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002431 alternative lengthening of telomeres A telomerase-independent telomere maintenance pathway that allows for strains to survive in the absence of telomerase. WB:WBPaper00041021 WB:WBPerson7 Animals do not respond with sleeping behavior induced through the EGF pathway. The EGF-induced sleep pathway is thought to represent a distinctmolecular pathway from developmentally linked sleep. The EGF-induced sleep state occurs in two contexts: by overexpressing the EGF ortholog (LIN-3C), or by EGF signaling after stress (such as temperature elevation) in wildtype animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology stressed-induced sleep variant WBPhenotype:0002432 EGF-induced sleep variant Animals do not respond with sleeping behavior induced through the EGF pathway. The EGF-induced sleep pathway is thought to represent a distinctmolecular pathway from developmentally linked sleep. The EGF-induced sleep state occurs in two contexts: by overexpressing the EGF ortholog (LIN-3C), or by EGF signaling after stress (such as temperature elevation) in wildtype animals. WB:WBPaper00050011 WB:WBPerson712 Animals respond with sleeping behavior induced through the EGF pathway, more rigorously than control animals. The EGF-induced sleep pathway is thought to represent a distinct molecular pathway from developmentally linked sleep. The EGF-induced sleep state occurs in two contexts: by overexpressing the EGF ortholog (LIN-3C), or by EGF signaling after stress (such as temperature elevation) in wildtype animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology stressed-induced sleep resistant WBPhenotype:0002433 EGF-induced sleep resistant Animals respond with sleeping behavior induced through the EGF pathway, more rigorously than control animals. The EGF-induced sleep pathway is thought to represent a distinct molecular pathway from developmentally linked sleep. The EGF-induced sleep state occurs in two contexts: by overexpressing the EGF ortholog (LIN-3C), or by EGF signaling after stress (such as temperature elevation) in wildtype animals. WB:WBPaper00050011 WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in their response to mitochondrial stress, compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002434 mitochondrial stress response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to mitochondrial stress, compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00027723 WB:WBPerson2987 Nematodes exposed to DNA damaging agents or conditions exhibit lower susceptibility to DNA damage than other animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology induced DNA damage resistant WBPhenotype:0002435 less susceptibility to induced DNA damage Nematodes exposed to DNA damaging agents or conditions exhibit lower susceptibility to DNA damage than other animals. WB:WBPerson712 Nematodes exposed to DNA damaging agents or conditions exhibit greater susceptibility to DNA damage than other animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology induced DNA damage hypersensitive WBPhenotype:0002436 high susceptibility to induced DNA damage Nematodes exposed to DNA damaging agents or conditions exhibit greater susceptibility to DNA damage than other animals. WB:WBPerson712 Animals exhibit variations in the expression of repetitive exogenous DNA compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002437 repetitive transgene expression variant Animals exhibit variations in the expression of repetitive exogenous DNA compared to control. WB:WBPaper00003822 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit reduced expression of repetitive exogenous DNA compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002438 repetitive transgene expression reduced Animals exhibit reduced expression of repetitive exogenous DNA compared to control. WB:WBPaper00003822 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit increased expression of repetitive exogenous DNA compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002439 repetitive transgene expression increased Animals exhibit increased expression of repetitive exogenous DNA compared to control. WB:WBPaper00003822 WB:WBPerson2987 Any perturbation that renders sperm incompetent at fertilizing an oocyte. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002440 sperm fertility defective Any perturbation that renders sperm incompetent at fertilizing an oocyte. WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 The time between two pumps of the pharynx is increased compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology pharyngeal inter-pumping interval increased WBPhenotype:0002441 pharyngeal inter-pump interval increased The time between two pumps of the pharynx is increased compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00050613 WB:WBPerson712 The duration of the contraction of the pharyngeal muscle during pumping is increased compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology pharyngeal pump extended WBPhenotype:0002442 pharyngeal pump duration increased The duration of the contraction of the pharyngeal muscle during pumping is increased compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00050613 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the specific actions or reactions of the male that are associated with the protraction of the male copulatory spicules compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002443 spicule protraction variant Any variation in the specific actions or reactions of the male that are associated with the protraction of the male copulatory spicules compared to control. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine, organic nitrogenous bases. pyrimidine base biosynthesis variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002444 pyrimidine biosynthesis variant Animals exhibit variations in the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine, organic nitrogenous bases. GO:0019856 WB:WBPerson324 WB:WBPerson557 Animals have one or more extra hypodermal cells, which are present in places they are normally not found, when compared to the number and location of these cells in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002445 extra and ectopic hypodermis Animals have one or more extra hypodermal cells, which are present in places they are normally not found, when compared to the number and location of these cells in control animals. WB:WBPaper00025033 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit variations in pharyngeal pumping rate in response to light, compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002446 pharyngeal pumping rate in response to light variant Animals exhibit variations in pharyngeal pumping rate in response to light, compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00046411 WB:WBPaper00048388 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson9765 Animals exhibit variations in the acute pharyngeal pumping response to light, during which the pharyngeal pumping rate initially (0-5 seconds after light exposure onset) decreases in response to light, compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002447 acute pumping response to light variant Animals exhibit variations in the acute pharyngeal pumping response to light, during which the pharyngeal pumping rate initially (0-5 seconds after light exposure onset) decreases in response to light, compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00046411 WB:WBPaper00048388 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson9765 Animals exhibit an enhanced acute pharyngeal pumping response to light, such that pharyngeal pumping rate decreases in response to light to a greater extent than in controls during the first 0-5 seconds after light exposure onset. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002448 enhanced acute pharyngeal pumping response to light Animals exhibit an enhanced acute pharyngeal pumping response to light, such that pharyngeal pumping rate decreases in response to light to a greater extent than in controls during the first 0-5 seconds after light exposure onset. WB:WBPaper00046411 WB:WBPaper00048388 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson9765 Animals exhibit a reduced acute pharyngeal pumping response to light, such that pharyngeal pumping rate decreases in response to light to a lesser extent than in controls during the first 0-5 seconds after light exposure onset. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002449 reduced acute pharyngeal pumping response to light Animals exhibit a reduced acute pharyngeal pumping response to light, such that pharyngeal pumping rate decreases in response to light to a lesser extent than in controls during the first 0-5 seconds after light exposure onset. WB:WBPaper00046411 WB:WBPaper00048388 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson9765 Animals exhibit variations in the burst pharyngeal pumping response to light, during which the pharyngeal pumping rate slightly increases during the5-10 seconds after light exposure onset, compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002450 burst pharyngeal pumping response to light Animals exhibit variations in the burst pharyngeal pumping response to light, during which the pharyngeal pumping rate slightly increases during the5-10 seconds after light exposure onset, compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00046411 WB:WBPaper00048388 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson9765 Animals exhibit an enhanced burst pharyngeal pumping response to light, such that during the5-10 seconds after light exposure onset the pharyngeal pumping rate increases to a greater extent than in controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002451 enhanced burst pharyngeal pumping response to light Animals exhibit an enhanced burst pharyngeal pumping response to light, such that during the5-10 seconds after light exposure onset the pharyngeal pumping rate increases to a greater extent than in controls. WB:WBPaper00046411 WB:WBPaper00048388 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson9765 Animals exhibit a reduced burst pharyngeal pumping response to light, such that during the5-10 seconds after light exposure onset the pharyngeal pumping rate increases to a lesser extent than in controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002452 reduced burst pharyngeal pumping response to light Animals exhibit a reduced burst pharyngeal pumping response to light, such that during the5-10 seconds after light exposure onset the pharyngeal pumping rate increases to a lesser extent than in controls. WB:WBPaper00046411 WB:WBPaper00048388 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson9765 Animals exhibit variations in the recovery pharyngeal pumping response to light, during which the pharyngeal pumping rate slowly increases during the 0-10 seconds afterremoval of light exposure, compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002453 recovery pumping response to light variant Animals exhibit variations in the recovery pharyngeal pumping response to light, during which the pharyngeal pumping rate slowly increases during the 0-10 seconds afterremoval of light exposure, compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00046411 WB:WBPaper00048388 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson9765 Animals exhibit an enhanced recovery pharyngeal pumping response to light, such that during the 0-10 seconds after removal of light exposure the pharyngeal pumping rate increases to a greater extent than in controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002454 enhanced recovery pumping response to light Animals exhibit an enhanced recovery pharyngeal pumping response to light, such that during the 0-10 seconds after removal of light exposure the pharyngeal pumping rate increases to a greater extent than in controls. WB:WBPaper00046411 WB:WBPaper00048388 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson9765 Animals exhibit a reduced recovery pharyngeal pumping response to light, such that during the 0-10 seconds after removal of light exposure the pharyngeal pumping rate increasesto a lesser extent than in controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002455 reduced recovery pumping response to light Animals exhibit a reduced recovery pharyngeal pumping response to light, such that during the 0-10 seconds after removal of light exposure the pharyngeal pumping rate increasesto a lesser extent than in controls. WB:WBPaper00046411 WB:WBPaper00048388 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson9765 Animals exhibit variations in the changes in calcium levels in response to light compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002456 calcium response to light variant Animals exhibit variations in the changes in calcium levels in response to light compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00048388 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson9765 Formation in the male of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult. vulva in male C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002457 ectopic vulva in male Formation in the male of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult. WB:WBPaper00026839 WB:WBPerson2987 Any variation in the form, structure or composition of any part of an animal caused by the perturbation of maternal gene products that are contributed to oogenesis and are required during embryogenesis. Mal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology maternal effect morphology abnormal WBPhenotype:0002458 maternal effect morphology variant Any variation in the form, structure or composition of any part of an animal caused by the perturbation of maternal gene products that are contributed to oogenesis and are required during embryogenesis. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit hyperinduction of expression of an antimicrobial peptide after an infection, compared to control animals. Hipi C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002459 hyperinduction of antimicrobial peptide expression after infection Animals exhibit hyperinduction of expression of an antimicrobial peptide after an infection, compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00049531 WB:WBPerson168 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit no induction of expression of an antimicrobial peptide after an infection, unlike control animals. Nipi C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002460 no induction of antimicrobial peptide expression after infection Animals exhibit no induction of expression of an antimicrobial peptide after an infection, unlike control animals. WB:WBPaper00038424 WB:WBPaper00040946 WB:WBPaper00049531 WB:WBPerson168 WB:WBPerson2987 Pathogens exhibit decreased adherence to the surface of host animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002461 pathogen adherence decreased Pathogens exhibit decreased adherence to the surface of host animals. WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Pathogens exhibit increased adherence to the surface of host animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002462 pathogen adherence increased Pathogens exhibit increased adherence to the surface of host animals. WB:WBPaper00049531 WB:WBPerson168 WB:WBPerson2987 Male animals lack a copulatory hook. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002463 hookless Male animals lack a copulatory hook. WB:WBPaper00045644 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson625 Male animals exhibit multiple copulatory hooks. In wild type C. elegans males, a single hook is normally present. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002464 multiple hooks Male animals exhibit multiple copulatory hooks. In wild type C. elegans males, a single hook is normally present. WB:WBPaper00045644 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson625 The pattern or state of ubiquitin modifications of histones varies from that of controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology histone ubiquitylation variant WBPhenotype:0002465 histone ubiquitination variant The pattern or state of ubiquitin modifications of histones varies from that of controls. WB:WBPaper00053651 WB:WBPerson1370 WB:WBPerson557 Variations in the processes that incorporate methyl groups to one or more bases within RNA, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002466 RNA methylation variant Variations in the processes that incorporate methyl groups to one or more bases within RNA, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00049616 WB:WBPerson29150 WB:WBPerson557 Males continue to sire progeny significantly past the time reproduction stops in control animals or show a slower decline in mating efficiency compared to age-matched control males. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002467 male reproductive longevity extended Males continue to sire progeny significantly past the time reproduction stops in control animals or show a slower decline in mating efficiency compared to age-matched control males. WB:WBPaper00053333 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit a reduction in the rate of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002468 translation rate reduced Animals exhibit a reduction in the rate of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein, compared to control. GO:0006417 WB:WBPaper00046894 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the decrease in a behavioral response to a repeated plate tap stimulus compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002469 plate tap habituation variant Any variation in the decrease in a behavioral response to a repeated plate tap stimulus compared to control. WB:WBPaper00041802 WB:WBPerson3192 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the length of the microtubule-based dendritic projections extending from the cell body, compared to that observed in control animals. cilium length variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002470 cilia length variant Animals exhibit variations in the length of the microtubule-based dendritic projections extending from the cell body, compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00053681 WB:WBPerson2136 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit an increase in the length of the microtubule-based dendritic projections extending from the cell body, compared to that observed in control animals. cilium length increased C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002471 cilia length increased Animals exhibit an increase in the length of the microtubule-based dendritic projections extending from the cell body, compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00053681 WB:WBPerson2136 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit a reduction in the length of the microtubule-based dendritic projections extending from the cell body, compared to that observed in control animals. cilium length decreased C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002472 cilia length decreased Animals exhibit a reduction in the length of the microtubule-based dendritic projections extending from the cell body, compared to that observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00053681 WB:WBPerson2136 WB:WBPerson557 Animals fail to undergo the cellular catabolic process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm. autophagy defective C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002473 autophagy block Animals fail to undergo the cellular catabolic process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm. GO:0006914 WB:WBPaper00046758 WB:WBPerson2242 WB:WBPerson557 Animals are less prone to infection by virus compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002474 viral resistance increased Animals are less prone to infection by virus compared to control. WB:WBPaper00053019 WB:WBPerson24802 WB:WBPerson557 Animals vary in the distance between most anterior and the most posterior ends of the pharynx from that observed in control animals. pharyngeal length variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002475 pharynx length variant Animals vary in the distance between most anterior and the most posterior ends of the pharynx from that observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00049351 WB:WBPerson2693 WB:WBPerson557 Animals have an increase in the distance between most anterior and the most posterior ends of the pharynx from that observed in control animals. pharyngeal length increased pharynx elongation C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002476 pharynx length increased Animals have an increase in the distance between most anterior and the most posterior ends of the pharynx from that observed in control animals. WB:WBPaper00049351 WB:WBPerson2693 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the subcellular localization of the ribosome compared to control. The ribosome is an intracellular organelle, about 200 A in diameter, consisting of RNA and protein. It is the site of protein biosynthesis resulting from translation of messenger RNA (mRNA). ribosome distribution variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002477 ribosome localization variant Any variation in the subcellular localization of the ribosome compared to control. The ribosome is an intracellular organelle, about 200 A in diameter, consisting of RNA and protein. It is the site of protein biosynthesis resulting from translation of messenger RNA (mRNA). GO:0005840 WB:WBPaper00052855 WB:WBPerson15276 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the cellular and molecular pathways in a neuron in response to having its axon severed compared to severing in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002478 axotomy response variant Any variation in the cellular and molecular pathways in a neuron in response to having its axon severed compared to severing in control animals. WB:WBPaper00053323 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson9270 Any increase in regenerative regrowth of axons compared to control animals. axonal regeneration enhanced C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002479 axon regeneration enhanced Any increase in regenerative regrowth of axons compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00053323 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson9270 Animals exhibit variations in the amount of heme compared to control animals. Heme is any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002480 heme levels variant Animals exhibit variations in the amount of heme compared to control animals. Heme is any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring. GO:0006783 WB:WBPaper00049976 WB:WBPerson16107 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit a decrease in the amount of heme compared to control animals. Heme is any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring. heme levels reduced C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002481 heme levels decreased Animals exhibit a decrease in the amount of heme compared to control animals. Heme is any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring. GO:0006783 WB:WBPaper00049976 WB:WBPerson16107 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit an increase in the amount of heme compared to control animals. Heme is any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002482 heme levels increased Animals exhibit an increase in the amount of heme compared to control animals. Heme is any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring. GO:0006783 WB:WBPaper00049976 WB:WBPerson16107 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals are less prone to infection by a fungus compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002483 fungal resistance increased Animals are less prone to infection by a fungus compared to control. WB:WBPaper00046695 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in fluidity of cell membranes, compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002484 membrane fluidity variant Animals exhibit variations in fluidity of cell membranes, compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00055850 WB:WBPerson2987 Any variation in the morphological appearance of germline precursor cells compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology primordial germ cell morphology variant WBPhenotype:0002485 germline precursor cell morphology variant Any variation in the morphological appearance of germline precursor cells compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00050421 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit persistent cellular lobes of the primordial germ cells Z2 and/or Z3 at the L1 larval stage or later, in contrast to wild type animals C_elegans_phenotype_ontology persistent germline precursor cell lobes WBPhenotype:0002486 persistent primordial germ cell lobes Animals exhibit persistent cellular lobes of the primordial germ cells Z2 and/or Z3 at the L1 larval stage or later, in contrast to wild type animals WB:WBPaper00050421 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson35710 Animals exhibit variations in the integrity of the intestine, compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002487 intestinal integrity variant Animals exhibit variations in the integrity of the intestine, compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00049837 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit an increase in the integrity of the intestine, compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002488 intestinal integrity increased Animals exhibit an increase in the integrity of the intestine, compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00049837 WB:WBPerson14863 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit a reduction in the integrity of the intestine, compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002489 intestinal integrity reduced Animals exhibit a reduction in the integrity of the intestine, compared to controls. WB:WBPerson2987 Neurons exhibit axon outgrowth in locations not normally found in controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002490 ectopic axon outgrowth Neurons exhibit axon outgrowth in locations not normally found in controls. WB:WBPaper00004283 WB:WBPaper00006029 WB:WBPaper00026706 WB:WBPaper00027335 WB:WBPaper00031901 WB:WBPaper00032090 WB:WBPerson2987 Neurons exhibit neurite outgrowth in locations not normally found in controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002491 ectopic neurite outgrowth Neurons exhibit neurite outgrowth in locations not normally found in controls. WB:WBPaper00003665 WB:WBPaper00004340 WB:WBPaper00027335 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit one or more body wall muscle cells in locations not normally found in controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002492 ectopic body wall muscle Animals exhibit one or more body wall muscle cells in locations not normally found in controls. WB:WBPaper00035201 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit one or more cells of a particular type in locations not normally found in controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002493 ectopic cell Animals exhibit one or more cells of a particular type in locations not normally found in controls. WB:WBPaper00003331 WB:WBPaper00003719 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit one or more endodermal cells in locations not normally found in controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002494 ectopic endoderm Animals exhibit one or more endodermal cells in locations not normally found in controls. WB:WBPaper00002871 WB:WBPaper00003645 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit one or more hypodermal cells in locations not normally found in controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002495 ectopic hypodermis Animals exhibit one or more hypodermal cells in locations not normally found in controls. WB:WBPaper00025033 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit one or more neurons in locations not normally found in controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002496 ectopic neuron Animals exhibit one or more neurons in locations not normally found in controls. WB:WBPaper00000635 WB:WBPaper00027335 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit one or more pharyngeal muscle cells in locations not normally found in controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002497 ectopic pharyngeal muscle Animals exhibit one or more pharyngeal muscle cells in locations not normally found in controls. WB:WBPaper00003574 WB:WBPaper00003645 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit one or more organs of a particular type in locations not normally found in controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002498 ectopic organ Animals exhibit one or more organs of a particular type in locations not normally found in controls. WB:WBPaper00031604 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit one or more vulvae in locations not normally found in controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002499 ectopic vulva Animals exhibit one or more vulvae in locations not normally found in controls. WB:WBPaper00031604 WB:WBPerson2987 One or more cells exhibit one or more cleavage furrows in locations not normally found in control cells. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002500 ectopic cleavage furrow One or more cells of the early embryo (one-cell stage to four-cell stage) exhibit one or more cleavage furrows in locations not normally found in control cells. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002501 ectopic cleavage furrow early emb One or more cells of the early embryo (one-cell stage to four-cell stage) exhibit one or more cleavage furrows in locations not normally found in control cells. WB:WBPaper00005599 WB:WBPaper00006061 WB:WBPaper00030892 WB:WBPaper00033469 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit an increase in the covalent addition of an acetyl group to one or more native amino acid side chains in proteins. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002502 protein acetylation increased Animals exhibit an increase in the covalent addition of an acetyl group to one or more native amino acid side chains in proteins. WB:WBPaper00046534 WB:WBPerson113 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit an increase the creation of double-strand breaks that occur during meiosis that may result in the initiation of meiotic recombination. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002503 meiotic DNA double strand break formation increased Animals exhibit an increase the creation of double-strand breaks that occur during meiosis that may result in the initiation of meiotic recombination. WB:WBPaper00046534 WB:WBPerson113 WB:WBPerson2987 Infected animals exhibit a reduction in the release of pathogens back into the environment, compared to control. spore shedding reduced C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002504 pathogen release reduced Infected animals exhibit a reduction in the release of pathogens back into the environment, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00040246 WB:WBPaper00045292 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson3965 Infected animals exhibit variations in the clearance of pathogen infection compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002505 pathogen infection clearance variant Infected animals exhibit variations in the clearance of pathogen infection compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00044624 WB:WBPerson2706 WB:WBPerson2987 Infected animals exhibit an increased rate of clearance of pathogen infection compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002506 pathogen infection clearance rate increased Infected animals exhibit an increased rate of clearance of pathogen infection compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00044624 WB:WBPerson2706 WB:WBPerson2987 Infected animals exhibit a decreased rate of clearance of pathogen infection compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002507 pathogen infection clearance rate decreased Infected animals exhibit a decreased rate of clearance of pathogen infection compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00044624 WB:WBPerson2706 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals produce an excess number of neurons compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002508 extra neuron Animals produce an excess number of neurons compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00053165 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson3252 Animals produce an excess number of dopaminergic neurons compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002509 extra dopaminergic neuron Animals produce an excess number of dopaminergic neurons compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00053165 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson3252 Animals exhibit fewer neurons compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002510 fewer neurons Animals exhibit fewer neurons compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00053165 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson3252 Animals exhibit fewer glutamatergic neurons compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002511 fewer glutamatergic neurons Animals exhibit fewer glutamatergic neurons compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00053165 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson3252 Variations in behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of temperature, compared to control. thermosensory behavior abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002512 thermosensory behavior variant Variations in behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of temperature, compared to control. GO:0040040 WB:WBPerson2987 Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific temperature gradient compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002513 thermotaxis variant Any variation in the directed movement of a worm in response to a specific temperature gradient compared to control. GO:0043052 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals do not exhibit backward locomotion under conditions that induce backward locomotion in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002514 backing absent Animals do not exhibit backward locomotion under conditions that induce backward locomotion in control animals. WB:WBPerson261 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit a defective response to pathogens. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002515 organism pathogen response defective Animals exhibit a defective response to pathogens. WB:WBPaper00055957 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson919 Animals exhibit variations, compared to control, in the distance traveled in a burrowing assay, in which animals are placed in a tube, separated from an attractant by solid medium through which the worms can burrow. Variations in distance traveled during the burrowing assay, when controlled for chemosensation defects, have been suggested to reflect variations in neuromuscular efficacy of locomotion. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002516 burrowing assay distance abnormal Animals exhibit variations, compared to control, in the distance traveled in a burrowing assay, in which animals are placed in a tube, separated from an attractant by solid medium through which the worms can burrow. Variations in distance traveled during the burrowing assay, when controlled for chemosensation defects, have been suggested to reflect variations in neuromuscular efficacy of locomotion. WB:WBPaper00046657 WB:WBPaper00056369 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson9270 Animals exhibit a reduction, compared to control, in the distance traveled in a burrowing assay, in which animals are placed in a tube, separated from an attractant by solid medium through which the worms can burrow. Reductions in distance traveled during the burrowing assay, when controlled for chemosensation defects, have been suggested to reflect deficits in neuromuscular efficacy of locomotion. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002517 burrowing assay distance reduced Animals exhibit a reduction, compared to control, in the distance traveled in a burrowing assay, in which animals are placed in a tube, separated from an attractant by solid medium through which the worms can burrow. Reductions in distance traveled during the burrowing assay, when controlled for chemosensation defects, have been suggested to reflect deficits in neuromuscular efficacy of locomotion. WB:WBPaper00046657 WB:WBPaper00056369 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson9270 The length of one or more axons is abnormal compared to the length of the corresponding axon(s) in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002518 axon length abnormal The length of one or more axons is abnormal compared to the length of the corresponding axon(s) in control animals. WB:WBPaper00056369 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson9270 The length of one or more axons is reduced compared to the length of the corresponding axon(s) in control animals. short axon C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002519 axon length reduced The length of one or more axons is reduced compared to the length of the corresponding axon(s) in control animals. WB:WBPaper00056369 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson9270 One or more cells exhibit variations in the morphology of one or more gap junction plaques, sets of associated gap junctions, compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002520 gap junction plaque morphology abnormal One or more cells exhibit variations in the morphology of one or more gap junction plaques, sets of associated gap junctions, compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00049389 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson30255 One or more cells exhibit an increase in number of gap junction plaques, sets of associated gap junctions, compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002521 gap junction plaque number increased One or more cells exhibit an increase in number of gap junction plaques, sets of associated gap junctions, compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00049389 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson30255 Animals exhibit variations in the recovery from L1 larvae developmental arrest in response to a lack of food (starvation) available in the environment. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002522 starvation-induced L1 arrest recovery abnormal Animals exhibit variations in the recovery from L1 larvae developmental arrest in response to a lack of food (starvation) available in the environment. WB:WBPaper00049938 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson6498 Animals exhibit a slow recovery from starvation-induced L1 arrest, compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002523 slow recovery from starvation-induced L1 arrest Animals exhibit a slow recovery from starvation-induced L1 arrest, compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00049938 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson34124 WB:WBPerson6498 Animals are more sensitive to the depletion of molybdenum cofactor from the diet compared to control animals. dependent on dietary molybdenum cofactor C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002524 molybdenum cofactor depletion hypersensitive Animals are more sensitive to the depletion of molybdenum cofactor from the diet compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00056452 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit variations in their response to diet, compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002525 diet response variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to diet, compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00024451 WB:WBPaper00026641 WB:WBPaper00032936 WB:WBPaper00045849 WB:WBPaper00056452 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit variations in the response to the depletion of molybdenum cofactor from the diet compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002526 response to molybdenum cofactor depletion abnormal Animals exhibit variations in the response to the depletion of molybdenum cofactor from the diet compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00056452 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals in the dauer larval stage exhibit variations in their physiology (any biological process including but not limited to development, behavior, or metabolism) compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002527 dauer larva physiology variant Animals in the dauer larval stage exhibit variations in their physiology (any biological process including but not limited to development, behavior, or metabolism) compared to controls. ISBN:978-087969433-3 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals (or cells) exhibit defects in the ability to produce mature microRNAs (miRNAs) from a miRNA locus. The defects could be at the level of miRNA transcription, pri-miRNA processing, and/or pre-miRNA processing. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002528 miRNA biogenesis defective Animals (or cells) exhibit defects in the ability to produce mature microRNAs (miRNAs) from a miRNA locus. The defects could be at the level of miRNA transcription, pri-miRNA processing, and/or pre-miRNA processing. WB:WBPaper00041677 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson5649 Animals exhibit defects or impairments in the functioning of the proteasome. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002529 proteasome defective Animals exhibit defects or impairments in the functioning of the proteasome. WB:WBPaper00056554 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson5649 The level of phosphatidylserine exposed on the external axonal membrane following transection (axotomy) is changed compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002530 axotomy-induced phosphatidylserine exposure abnormal The level of phosphatidylserine exposed on the external axonal membrane following transection (axotomy) is changed compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00053570 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson9270 Animals exhibit variations in allogenic (non-self) organelle autophagy, or allophagy, a macroautophagy process whereby organelles of non-self origin, like paternal mitochondria from sperm in a newly fertilized oocyte, are selectively degraded. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002531 allophagy abnormal Animals exhibit variations in allogenic (non-self) organelle autophagy, or allophagy, a macroautophagy process whereby organelles of non-self origin, like paternal mitochondria from sperm in a newly fertilized oocyte, are selectively degraded. WB:WBPaper00040312 WB:WBPaper00041104 WB:WBPaper00053507 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson3859 Animals exhibit defects in allogenic (non-self) organelle autophagy, or allophagy, a macroautophagy process whereby organelles of non-self origin, like paternal mitochondria from sperm in a newly fertilized oocyte, are selectively degraded. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002532 allophagy defective Animals exhibit defects in allogenic (non-self) organelle autophagy, or allophagy, a macroautophagy process whereby organelles of non-self origin, like paternal mitochondria from sperm in a newly fertilized oocyte, are selectively degraded. WB:WBPaper00053507 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson3859 Animals exhibit variations in the expression of one or more known, endogenous, antimicrobial genes, compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002534 antimicrobial gene expression variant Animals exhibit variations in the expression of one or more known, endogenous, antimicrobial genes, compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00031865 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit variations in the extent to which one or more sensory neurons associated with sensilla (typically one or more amphids and/or phasmids) take up dye from the environment, compared to controls. In C. elegans, these neurons are commonly assayed by dye-filling with FITC, DiI or DiO. Dyf dye filling abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002535 dye filling defect Animals exhibit variations in the extent to which one or more sensory neurons associated with sensilla (typically one or more amphids and/or phasmids) take up dye from the environment, compared to controls. In C. elegans, these neurons are commonly assayed by dye-filling with FITC, DiI or DiO. WB:WBPaper00000793 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit germ cells with a number of P granules that differs from control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002536 P granule number abnormal Animals exhibit germ cells with a number of P granules that differs from control animals. WB:WBPaper00044160 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit germ cells with a reduced number of P granules compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002537 P granule number reduced Animals exhibit germ cells with a reduced number of P granules compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00044160 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the series of molecular signals in which the spermatheca uses calcium ions to convert an extracellular signal into a response, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002538 calcium signaling in spermatheca variant Any variation in the series of molecular signals in which the spermatheca uses calcium ions to convert an extracellular signal into a response, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00056137 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson30989 Animals exhibit an increase in the expression of one or more known, endogenous, antimicrobial genes, compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002539 antimicrobial gene expression increased Animals exhibit an increase in the expression of one or more known, endogenous, antimicrobial genes, compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00047109 WB:WBPerson15627 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit a reduced rate of lawn/food leaving events, compared to controls. food leaving reduced C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002540 lawn leaving reduced Animals exhibit a reduced rate of lawn/food leaving events, compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00053007 WB:WBPerson262 WB:WBPerson2987 Programmed cell death of germ cells caused by exposure to ionizing energy occurs to a lesser extent than it does in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002541 radiation induced germ cell apoptosis resistant Programmed cell death of germ cells caused by exposure to ionizing energy occurs to a lesser extent than it does in control animals. WB:WBPaper00032243 WB:WBPaper00032356 WB:WBPerson2987 Cells exhibit specific regions of chromatin (e.g. an integrated array reporter) that localize to different regions within the nucleus, compared to controls. intranuclear chromatin localization abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002542 intranuclear chromatin localization variant Cells exhibit specific regions of chromatin (e.g. an integrated array reporter) that localize to different regions within the nucleus, compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00056796 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson32254 Animals accumulate a greater number of mitochondrial genetic lesions than control animals in the absence of an externally controlled mutagen. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002543 spontaneous mitochondrial DNA mutation rate increased Animals accumulate a greater number of mitochondrial genetic lesions than control animals in the absence of an externally controlled mutagen. WB:WBPaper00053883 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson31184 Normally beneficial (or otherwise harmless, non-pathogenic) commensal Enterobacter bacteria, for example Enterobacter cloacae, become pathogenic to animals, unlike in control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002544 hypersensitive to Enterobacter commensals Normally beneficial (or otherwise harmless, non-pathogenic) commensal Enterobacter bacteria, for example Enterobacter cloacae, become pathogenic to animals, unlike in control animals. WB:WBPaper00056139 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson3878 Animals exhibit variations in their response to bacteria (pathogenic or non-pathogenic), compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002545 response to bacteria variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to bacteria (pathogenic or non-pathogenic), compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00056139 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson3878 Animals exhibit variations in the load of bacteria, of a particular clade or in general, in the gut, compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002546 bacterial load in gut variant Animals exhibit variations in the load of bacteria, of a particular clade or in general, in the gut, compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00056139 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson3878 Animals exhibit a greater abundance of bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family in the gut, compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002547 gut Enterobacteriaceae bloom Animals exhibit a greater abundance of bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family in the gut, compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00056139 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson3878 Animals exhibit a kinker phenotype that is due to conflicting, simultaneous forward and backward propagating bending waves. conflicted kinker C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002548 kinker from conflicting forward and backward body bend propagation Animals exhibit a kinker phenotype that is due to conflicting, simultaneous forward and backward propagating bending waves. WB:WBPaper00040432 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson720 Animals exhibit an increase in the rate at which spontaneous backward locomotion is initiated compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002549 increased frequency of spontaneous reversal initiation Animals exhibit an increase in the rate at which spontaneous backward locomotion is initiated compared to control. WB:WBPaper00040432 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson720 Animals exhibit a kinker phenotype that is due to conflicting, simultaneous forward and backward propagating bending waves, and over time has a tendency to move slowly backward due to a dominating reversal neural circuit. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002550 conflicted kinker with gradual backward movement Animals exhibit a kinker phenotype that is due to conflicting, simultaneous forward and backward propagating bending waves, and over time has a tendency to move slowly backward due to a dominating reversal neural circuit. WB:WBPaper00040432 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson720 A phenotype affecting a particular anatomical entity. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002551 anatomical phenotype A phenotype affecting a particular anatomical entity. WB:WBPerson2987 A phenotype affecting a particular cell. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002552 cell phenotype A phenotype affecting a particular cell. WB:WBPerson2987 A phenotype affecting a particular organ. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002553 organ phenotype A phenotype affecting a particular organ. WB:WBPerson2987 A phenotype affecting a particular organ system. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002554 organ system phenotype A phenotype affecting a particular organ system. WB:WBPerson2987 A phenotype affecting the whole organism. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002555 organismal phenotype A phenotype affecting the whole organism. WB:WBPerson2987 A phenotype affecting a particular tissue. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002556 tissue phenotype A phenotype affecting a particular tissue. WB:WBPerson2987 A phenotype affecting a particular body region. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002557 body region phenotype A phenotype affecting a particular body region. WB:WBPerson2987 A phenotype affecting a particular extracellular component. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002558 extracellular component phenotype A phenotype affecting a particular extracellular component. WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit abnormalities in their burrowing behavior, in which animals burrow into a solid medium, such as agar, compared to control animals. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002559 burrowing abnormal Animals exhibit abnormalities in their burrowing behavior, in which animals burrow into a solid medium, such as agar, compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2987 Greater quantities of worms burrow into and stay below the surface of the agar when high densities of nematodes are maintained on agar compared to controls (Hodgkin and Doniach, 1997). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002560 burrowing in response to high population density increased Greater quantities of worms burrow into and stay below the surface of the agar when high densities of nematodes are maintained on agar compared to controls (Hodgkin and Doniach, 1997). WB:WBPaper00058743 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson712 WB:WBPaper00002770 Cells exhibit defects in the homotypic fusion of endosomes. WBPhenotype:0001638 C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002561 homotypic endosome fusion defective Cells exhibit defects in the homotypic fusion of endosomes. GO:0034058 WB:WBPaper00029049 WB:WBPerson2987 Cells exhibit variations or abnormalities in their maintenance of lysosome function, compared to controls. WBPhenotype:0001784 C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002562 lysosome homeostasis abnormal Cells exhibit variations or abnormalities in their maintenance of lysosome function, compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00029049 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the neuron to carry out its normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to cues, compared to control animals. WBPhenotype:0000991 neuron physiology abnormal neuron physiology variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002563 neuron physiology phenotype Animals exhibit variations in any physical or chemical process required for the neuron to carry out its normal functions or activities or be able to perceive and respond to cues, compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit variations in their recalled and repeated responses to stimuli they are exposed to during learning and memory paradigms, compared to controls. associative memory abnormal associative memory variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002564 associative memory phenotype Animals exhibit variations in their recalled and repeated responses to stimuli they are exposed to during learning and memory paradigms, compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00036296 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit variations in their recalled and repeated responses to olfactory stimuli they are exposed to during learning and memory paradigms, compared to controls. olfactory memory abnormal olfactory memory variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002565 associative olfactory memory phenotype Animals exhibit variations in their recalled and repeated responses to olfactory stimuli they are exposed to during learning and memory paradigms, compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00036296 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson3142 Animals exhibit variations in their recalled and repeated responses to olfactory stimuli they are exposed to during learning and memory paradigms over the long term, compared to controls. Long-term associative memory is memory that lasts for hours to days after the associative learning (training) event(s). long-term associative olfactory memory abnormal long-term associative olfactory memory variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002566 long-term associative olfactory memory phenotype Animals exhibit variations in their recalled and repeated responses to olfactory stimuli they are exposed to during learning and memory paradigms over the long term, compared to controls. Long-term associative memory is memory that lasts for hours to days after the associative learning (training) event(s). WB:WBPaper00036296 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson3142 Animals are deficient in their recalled and repeated responses to olfactory stimuli they are exposed to during learning and memory paradigms over the long term, compared to controls. Long-term associative memory is memory that lasts for hours to days after the associative learning (training) event(s). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002567 long-term associative olfactory memory defective Animals are deficient in their recalled and repeated responses to olfactory stimuli they are exposed to during learning and memory paradigms over the long term, compared to controls. Long-term associative memory is memory that lasts for hours to days after the associative learning (training) event(s). WB:WBPaper00036296 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson3142 Animals exhibit variations in their recalled and repeated responses to stimuli they are exposed to during learning and memory paradigms over the long term, compared to controls. Long-term associative memory is memory that lasts for hours to days after the associative learning (training) event(s). long-term associative memory abnormal long-term associative memory variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002568 long-term associative memory phenotype Animals exhibit variations in their recalled and repeated responses to stimuli they are exposed to during learning and memory paradigms over the long term, compared to controls. Long-term associative memory is memory that lasts for hours to days after the associative learning (training) event(s). WB:WBPaper00036296 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson3142 Any variation in the progression of the hypodermis over time, from its formation to its mature state compared to control. hypodermal development abnormal hypodermal development variant hypodermis development abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002569 hypodermis development variant Any variation in the progression of the hypodermis over time, from its formation to its mature state compared to control. WB:WBPerson2987 Cessation of development during the gastrulation stage of embryonic development. In C. elegans, gastrulation occurs 100-290 minutes after first cleavage at 20 degrees Centigrade when the embryo develops from 28 cells to 421 cells (during the proliferating embryo life stage). C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002570 embryonic arrest during gastrulation Cessation of development during the gastrulation stage of embryonic development. In C. elegans, gastrulation occurs 100-290 minutes after first cleavage at 20 degrees Centigrade when the embryo develops from 28 cells to 421 cells (during the proliferating embryo life stage). WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson6609 Embryos exhibit a failure to enclose the anterior embryo region with hypodermis during the comma to early elongation stage of embryonic development. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002571 anterior enclosure defective Embryos exhibit a failure to enclose the anterior embryo region with hypodermis during the comma to early elongation stage of embryonic development. WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson6609 Animals exhibit variations in mitophagy, the selective autophagy process in which a mitochondrion is degraded by macroautophagy, compared to control. mitophagy variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002572 mitophagy abnormal Animals exhibit variations in mitophagy, the selective autophagy process in which a mitochondrion is degraded by macroautophagy, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00056229 WB:WBPerson27070 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit reduced levels of mitophagy, the selective autophagy process in which a mitochondrion is degraded by macroautophagy, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002573 mitophagy reduced Animals exhibit reduced levels of mitophagy, the selective autophagy process in which a mitochondrion is degraded by macroautophagy, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00056229 WB:WBPerson27070 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit abnormal amounts of variation in gene expression level between individual animals, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002574 gene expression level variation abnormal Animals exhibit abnormal amounts of variation in gene expression level between individual animals, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00050756 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson5662 Animals exhibit abnormal gene expression levels, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002575 gene expression level abnormal Animals exhibit abnormal gene expression levels, compared to control. WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit reduced amounts of variation in gene expression level between individual animals, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002576 gene expression level variation reduced Animals exhibit reduced amounts of variation in gene expression level between individual animals, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00050756 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson5662 Animals exhibit variations in the composition of basement membranes, compared to control animals. basement membrane composition abnormal basement membrane composition variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002577 basement membrane composition phenotype Animals exhibit variations in the composition of basement membranes, compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00057139 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson32869 Animals exhibit variations in the amount of laminin in basement membranes, compared to control animals. basement membrane laminin level abnormal basement membrane laminin level variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002578 basement membrane laminin level phenotype Animals exhibit variations in the amount of laminin in basement membranes, compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00057139 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson32869 Animals exhibit variations in the amount of type IV collagen in basement membranes, compared to control animals. basement membrane type IV collagen level abnormal basement membrane type IV collagen level variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002579 basement membrane type IV collagen level phenotype Animals exhibit variations in the amount of type IV collagen in basement membranes, compared to control animals. WB:WBPaper00057139 WB:WBPerson2987 WB:WBPerson32869 One or more cells exhibit changes in the variability of cell position, compared to controls. cell position variability abnormal cell position variability variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002580 cell position variability phenotype One or more cells exhibit changes in the variability of cell position, compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00056010 WB:WBPerson13958 WB:WBPerson2987 One or more cells exhibit increases in the variability of cell position, compared to controls. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002581 cell position variability increased One or more cells exhibit increases in the variability of cell position, compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00056010 WB:WBPerson13958 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit variations in miniature inhibitory post-synaptic currents (mIPSC), compared to controls. mIPSC abnormal mIPSC phenotype mIPSC variant miniature inhibitory post-synaptic current abnormal miniature inhibitory post-synaptic current variant C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002582 miniature inhibitory post-synaptic current phenotype Animals exhibit variations in miniature inhibitory post-synaptic currents (mIPSC), compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00048837 WB:WBPerson18607 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals exhibit increased amplitude of miniature inhibitory post-synaptic currents (mIPSC), compared to controls. mIPSC amplitude increased C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002583 miniature inhibitory post-synaptic current amplitude increased Animals exhibit increased amplitude of miniature inhibitory post-synaptic currents (mIPSC), compared to controls. WB:WBPaper00048837 WB:WBPerson18607 WB:WBPerson2987 Animals survive longer, or do not respond to the same degree as control animals under similar conditions of bisphenol A exposure. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0002584 bisphenol A resistant Animals survive longer, or do not respond to the same degree as control animals under similar conditions of bisphenol A exposure. WB:WBPaper00024241 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the specific actions or reactions of a hermaphrodite during mating compared to control. hermaphrodite mating abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0004001 hermaphrodite mating variant Any variation in the specific actions or reactions of a hermaphrodite during mating compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit defects in the production of the sensory signal to attract males. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0004002 attraction signal defective Animals exhibit defects in the production of the sensory signal to attract males. WB:WBPaper00005109 WB:WBPerson557 Males exhibit defects in their response to the mate-finding cue. mate finding abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology response to male attractant abnormal WBPhenotype:0004003 mate finding defective Males exhibit defects in their response to the mate-finding cue. WB:WBPaper00005109 WB:WBPerson557 The inability of a male to respond properly to a potential mate after contact. In C.elegans, proper response includes apposing the ventral side of his tail to the hermaphrodite's body and swimming backward. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0004004 male response to contact defective The inability of a male to respond properly to a potential mate after contact. In C.elegans, proper response includes apposing the ventral side of his tail to the hermaphrodite's body and swimming backward. GO:0034606 WB:WBPaper00000392 WB:WBPaper00002109 WB:WBPerson557 Males exhibit variations in mating behavior prior to contacting its mate compared to control. pre hermaphrodite contact abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0004005 pre hermaphrodite contact variant Males exhibit variations in mating behavior prior to contacting its mate compared to control. WB:WBPerson557 Males exhibit variations in mating behavior after contacting its mate compared to control. post hermaphrodite contact abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0004006 post hermaphrodite contact variant Males exhibit variations in mating behavior after contacting its mate compared to control. WB:WBPerson557 Males exhibit defects in the continuous prodding of spicule tips at the vulva prior to prolonged spicule insertion. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology spicule prodding defective WBPhenotype:0004007 periodic spicule prodding defective Males exhibit defects in the continuous prodding of spicule tips at the vulva prior to prolonged spicule insertion. GO:0034609 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Males exhibit defects in the prolonged, tonic, spicule extrusion through the vulva prior to sperm transfer. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology prolonged spicule protraction defective WBPhenotype:0004008 sustained spicule protraction defective Males exhibit defects in the prolonged, tonic, spicule extrusion through the vulva prior to sperm transfer. GO:0034609 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the mating process that includes the male stopping at the vulva (usually after backing) compared to control. In C. elegans general vulva location (stopping) requires the hook sensillum. approximate vulval location abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology approximate vulva location variant general vulval location abnormal WBPhenotype:0004009 approximate vulval location variant Any variation in the mating process that includes the male stopping at the vulva (usually after backing) compared to control. In C. elegans general vulva location (stopping) requires the hook sensillum. WB:WBPaper00002109 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the mating process that includes the male positioning his tail precisely over the vulva so that he may insert his spicules and ejaculate compared to control. In C. elegans precise vulva location (coordinating movement and tail positioning) requires the post cloacal sensillium and the spicules. precise vulval location abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology precise vulva location variant WBPhenotype:0004010 precise vulval location variant Any variation in the mating process that includes the male positioning his tail precisely over the vulva so that he may insert his spicules and ejaculate compared to control. In C. elegans precise vulva location (coordinating movement and tail positioning) requires the post cloacal sensillium and the spicules. WB:WBPaper00002109 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the retraction of spicules after all sperm that exit the seminal vesicle have been released compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0004011 sperm transfer cessation defective Any variation in the retraction of spicules after all sperm that exit the seminal vesicle have been released compared to control. WB:WBPaper00028400 Any variation in the continued movement of sperm through the vas deferens, exiting the cloaca, compared to control. In C. elegans, when all sperm that exit the seminal vesicle have been released, the spicules retract into the male. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0004012 sperm transfer continuation defective Any variation in the continued movement of sperm through the vas deferens, exiting the cloaca, compared to control. In C. elegans, when all sperm that exit the seminal vesicle have been released, the spicules retract into the male. WB:WBPaper00028400 Any variation in the initial movement of sperm through the vas deferens, exiting the cloaca, compared to control. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0004013 sperm release defective Any variation in the initial movement of sperm through the vas deferens, exiting the cloaca, compared to control. WB:WBPaper00028400 Any variation in the specific actions or reactions of a hermaphrodite after male contact during mating compared to control. post male contact abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0004014 post male contact variant Any variation in the specific actions or reactions of a hermaphrodite after male contact during mating compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the specific actions or reactions of a hermaphrodite prior to male contact during mating compared to control. pre male contact abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0004015 pre male contact variant Any variation in the specific actions or reactions of a hermaphrodite prior to male contact during mating compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the behavior exhibited by dauer larva in which they crawl up upon the substrate and wave back and forth while standing on their tail compared to control. Nictation is often associated with the search for a new host. dauer nictation behavior abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0004016 dauer nictation behavior variant Any variation in the behavior exhibited by dauer larva in which they crawl up upon the substrate and wave back and forth while standing on their tail compared to control. Nictation is often associated with the search for a new host. WB:WBPaper00027241 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in their ability to maintain characteristic and effective locomotion compared to control. locomotor coordination abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0004017 locomotor coordination variant Animals exhibit variations in their ability to maintain characteristic and effective locomotion compared to control. WB:WBperson557 Any variation in the propagation of the contraction sine wave along the body while an animal travels from one location to another, compared to control. sinusoidal movement abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0004018 sinusoidal movement variant Any variation in the propagation of the contraction sine wave along the body while an animal travels from one location to another, compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 OBSOLETE. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0004021 obsolete exaggerated body bends true Any variation in the extent of a vibratory movement (as a worm bend) measured from the mean position to an extreme position compared to control. amplitude of body bends variant amplitude of movement abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0004022 amplitude of sinusoidal movement variant Any variation in the extent of a vibratory movement (as a worm bend) measured from the mean position to an extreme position compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the frequency of oscillations between adjacent body segments from that observed for control animals. WBPhenotype:0002329 frequency of sinusoidal movement variant temporal frequency of sinusoidal movement variant bending frequency abnormal frequency of body bend abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0004023 frequency of body bend variant Animals exhibit variations in the frequency of oscillations between adjacent body segments from that observed for control animals. WB:WBPaper00024949 WB:WBPerson557 WB:WBPerson712 Any variation in the distance in the line of advance of a body wave from any one point to the next point of corresponding phase compared to control. wavelength of movement abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0004024 wavelength of movement variant Any variation in the distance in the line of advance of a body wave from any one point to the next point of corresponding phase compared to control. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in the net velocity of an animal, that is, the maximum distance an animal traverses over an extended period of time, from that observed for control animals. velocity of movement abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0004025 velocity of movement variant Animals exhibit variations in the net velocity of an animal, that is, the maximum distance an animal traverses over an extended period of time, from that observed for control animals. WB:WBPaper00032008 WB:WBPerson712 Variations in the ability of an animal to respond with characteristic backward movement after a nose-on collision with an object compared to control. In C. elegans, this phenotype is usually assayed via stroking with a hair or similar fiber on the anterior most tip of the animal. nose touch abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0004026 nose touch variant Variations in the ability of an animal to respond with characteristic backward movement after a nose-on collision with an object compared to control. In C. elegans, this phenotype is usually assayed via stroking with a hair or similar fiber on the anterior most tip of the animal. WB:WBPaper00001705 WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in their response to substrate vibration compared to control. plate tap reflex abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0004027 plate tap reflex variant Animals exhibit variations in their response to substrate vibration compared to control. WB:WBPerson557 Animals exhibit variations in modulating their locomotory rate in response to its food , compared to control. Basal slowing response refers to when well-fed animals move more slowly in the presence of bacteria than in the absence of bacteria . Second , food-deprived control animals , when transferred to bacteria , display a dramatically enhanced slowing response that ensures that the animals do not leave their newly encountered source of food. slowing response on food abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0004028 slowing response on food variant Animals exhibit variations in modulating their locomotory rate in response to its food , compared to control. Basal slowing response refers to when well-fed animals move more slowly in the presence of bacteria than in the absence of bacteria . Second , food-deprived control animals , when transferred to bacteria , display a dramatically enhanced slowing response that ensures that the animals do not leave their newly encountered source of food. WB:WBPaper00004195 WB:WBPerson2021 Any variation with respect to perception or response to mechanical stimuli in a sex dependent manner compared to control animals. sexually dimorphic mechanosensation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0004029 sexually dimorphic mechanosensation variant Any variation with respect to perception or response to mechanical stimuli in a sex dependent manner compared to control animals. WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the response by the male to a hermaphrodite after initial contact following mate finding compared to control. In C. elegans the male stops forward locomotion, presses the ventral side of his tail against his partner's body, and begins moving backward along the hermaphrodite. Male response behavior is initiated when sensory neurons located in the rays of his tail contact a potential mate. Rsp male response to hermaphrodite abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0004030 male response to hermaphrodite variant Any variation in the response by the male to a hermaphrodite after initial contact following mate finding compared to control. In C. elegans the male stops forward locomotion, presses the ventral side of his tail against his partner's body, and begins moving backward along the hermaphrodite. Male response behavior is initiated when sensory neurons located in the rays of his tail contact a potential mate. GO:0034606 WB:WBPaper00002109 WB:WBPerson2021 WB:WBPerson557 Any variation in the ability of an animal to search for a mate compared to control. In C. elegans, this is defined by failure of the leaving assay. mate searching abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0004031 mate searching variant Any variation in the ability of an animal to search for a mate compared to control. In C. elegans, this is defined by failure of the leaving assay. WB:WBPaper00024428 The apparent partial collapse of the vulval invagination and the elongation of central vulva cells often leading to a flattened appearance. Sqv C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0006001 squashed vulva The apparent partial collapse of the vulval invagination and the elongation of central vulva cells often leading to a flattened appearance. WB:WBPaper00003405 Any variation in the processes that govern acquisition of particular cell fates in the embryo, from the time of zygote formation until hatching compared to control. embryonic cell fate specification abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0008001 embryonic cell fate specification variant Any variation in the processes that govern acquisition of particular cell fates in the embryo, from the time of zygote formation until hatching compared to control. WB:kmva Any variation in the processes that govern acquisition of somatic cell fates in the embryo, from the time of zygote formation until hatching compared to control. embryonic somatic cell fate specification abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0008002 embryonic somatic cell fate specification variant Any variation in the processes that govern acquisition of somatic cell fates in the embryo, from the time of zygote formation until hatching compared to control. WB:kmva Any variation in a learned olfactory response whereby exposure of animals to odorants during specific developmental times or physiological states results in a lasting memory compared to control. In control animals, this imprinting determines the animal's behavior upon encountering the same odorant at a later time. olfactory imprinting abnormal odorant imprinting abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0008003 odorant imprinting variant Any variation in a learned olfactory response whereby exposure of animals to odorants during specific developmental times or physiological states results in a lasting memory compared to control. In control animals, this imprinting determines the animal's behavior upon encountering the same odorant at a later time. WB:WBPaper00026662 WB:WBPerson1843 Variations in the process(es) by which a cell irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter compared to control. cell growth abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0010001 cell growth variant Variations in the process(es) by which a cell irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter compared to control. GO:0016049 WB:rk Variations in the process(es) involved in the assembly and arrangement of cell structures compared to control. cell organization biogenesis abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0010002 cell organization biogenesis variant Variations in the process(es) involved in the assembly and arrangement of cell structures compared to control. GO:0016043 WB:rk Animals exhibit a decreased rate programmed cell death pathway leading to the destruction of the cell, viewable in its terminally dismanteled form of a cell corpse, compared to that observed for control cells. C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0010003 cell corpse appearance delayed Animals exhibit a decreased rate programmed cell death pathway leading to the destruction of the cell, viewable in its terminally dismanteled form of a cell corpse, compared to that observed for control cells. WB:WBPerson712 WB:rk Variations in the process(es) that constitute cell corpse degradation within the engulfing cell compared to control. WB:rk cell corpse degradation abnormal C_elegans_phenotype_ontology WBPhenotype:0010004 cell corpse degradation variant Variations in the process(es) that constitute cell corpse degradation within the engulfing cell compared to control. WB:rk An anatomical entity of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. worm_anatomy WBbt:0000100 C. elegans anatomical entity An anatomical entity of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. WB:WBPerson2987 pedigree of nuclei, lineal descent from P0, the founder. WB:RYNL worm_anatomy WBbt:0000101 Lineage pedigree of nuclei, lineal descent from P0, the founder. WB:RYNL A variety of very different cell types which share cytoplasmic features (such as large membrane-bound granules) that suggest a role in secretion, thus termed gland cells. worm_anatomy WBbt:0003670 gland cell A variety of very different cell types which share cytoplasmic features (such as large membrane-bound granules) that suggest a role in secretion, thus termed gland cells. WBPaper:00038216 cell of epithelium, the layer of cells that cover the external surface of an organism as well as forming an inner lining between the tissues and organs of that organism and the external environment. In C. elegans epithelial cells include epithelium of the alimentary tract, intestinal cells, hypodermis, interfacial cells and somatic gonad cells. worm_anatomy epithelium WBbt:0003672 epithelial cell cell of epithelium, the layer of cells that cover the external surface of an organism as well as forming an inner lining between the tissues and organs of that organism and the external environment. In C. elegans epithelial cells include epithelium of the alimentary tract, intestinal cells, hypodermis, interfacial cells and somatic gonad cells. WB:rynl WBPaper:00038216 a type of pharyngeal cell that connects basement membrane to the apices of triangle-shaped pharyngeal lumen. worm_anatomy WBbt:0003673 LINKOUT::WORMATLAS::<http://www.wormatlas.org/ver1/handbook/alimentary/alimentary1.htm#pharyngealmc> marginal cell a type of pharyngeal cell that connects basement membrane to the apices of triangle-shaped pharyngeal lumen. WB:rynl contractile cell that makes up muscle tissue. worm_anatomy WBbt:0003675 muscle cell contractile cell that makes up muscle tissue. WB:rynl Major cell type of nervous tissue, specialized for transmission of information in the form of patterns of impulses. WBbt:0005512 WBbt:0005516 worm_anatomy neurone WBbt:0003679 LINKOUT::WORMATLAS::<http://www.wormatlas.org/neurons/Individual%20Neurons/Neuronframeset.html> neuron Major cell type of nervous tissue, specialized for transmission of information in the form of patterns of impulses. ISBN:0140512888 the feeding organ, a neuro-muscular pump in the head of the animal, used to ingest food, bacteria suspended in liquid, filter them out, grind them up and transport posteriorly into the instestine. WBPaper:00038216 worm_anatomy esophagus WBbt:0003681 LINKOUT::WORMATLAS::<http://wormatlas.org/ver1/handbook/alimentary/alimentary1.htm#generalinfopharynx> pharynx the feeding organ, a neuro-muscular pump in the head of the animal, used to ingest food, bacteria suspended in liquid, filter them out, grind them up and transport posteriorly into the instestine. WB:rynl posterior segment of pharyngeal corpus. worm_anatomy WBbt:0003711 metacorpus posterior segment of pharyngeal corpus. WB:rynl the last, posterior bulb of the pharynx. worm_anatomy WBbt:0003732 terminal bulb the last, posterior bulb of the pharynx. WB:rynl the first, anterior bulb of the pharynx. worm_anatomy WBbt:0003733 corpus the first, anterior bulb of the pharynx. WB:rynl a section of pharynx of which muscles contract with a peristaltic motion. worm_anatomy WBbt:0003734 isthmus a section of pharynx of which muscles contract with a peristaltic motion. WB:rynl a collection of cells or cell groups that collectively perform a function worm_anatomy WBbt:0003760 organ a collection of cells or cell groups that collectively perform a function WB:rynl Embryonic founder cell worm_anatomy lineage name: P0.ppa WBbt:0003810 C Embryonic founder cell ISBN:0-87969-307-X Rectal cell, postembryonic blast cell in male worm_anatomy lineage name: ABprppppapa WBbt:0003825 B cell Rectal cell, postembryonic blast cell in male ISBN:0-87969-307-X Embryonic founder cell worm_anatomy AB blastomere lineage name: P0.a WBbt:0004015 AB Embryonic founder cell ISBN:0-87969-307-X a cellular object that consists of subcellular components, expresses genes or functions. WBbt:0003730 worm_anatomy Cell type WBbt:0004017 Cell a cellular object that consists of subcellular components, expresses genes or functions. WB:rynl Post-embryonic cell of pedigree TL.paa, phasmid sockets. WBbt:0007001 TL.paa worm_anatomy lineage name: TL.paa WBbt:0004112 PHso1L Post-embryonic cell of pedigree TL.paa, phasmid sockets. ISBN:0-87969-307-X WB:rynl Anterior spermathecae WBbt:0005627 WB:rynl worm_anatomy gon_herm_spth_A lineage name: Z1.apppaaaa WBbt:0004216 Z1.apppaaaa Anterior spermathecae ISBN:0-87969-307-X Embryonic founder cell of germ line worm_anatomy P4 P4' lineage name: P0.pppp WBbt:0004421 Psub4 Embryonic founder cell of germ line ISBN:0-87969-307-X WB:rynl Single cell zygote worm_anatomy lineage name: Z WBbt:0004422 P0 Single cell zygote ISBN:0-87969-307-X Hermaphrodite vulva worm_anatomy lineage name: P7.pppp WBbt:0004432 vulval cell Hermaphrodite vulva ISBN:0-87969-307-X Embryonic founder cell worm_anatomy lineage name: P0.paa WBbt:0004458 MS Embryonic founder cell ISBN:0-87969-307-X Postembryonic mesoblast of pedigree MSapaapp. WBbt:0007204 MSapaapp worm_anatomy lineage name: MSapaapp WBbt:0004489 M cell Postembryonic mesoblast of pedigree MSapaapp. ISBN:0-87969-307-X WB:rynl Rectal cell, postembryonic blast cell worm_anatomy lineage name: ABplpapppaa WBbt:0004499 K cell Rectal cell, postembryonic blast cell ISBN:0-87969-307-X anchor cell, induces vulva, part of hermaphrodite gonad. worm_anatomy AC gon herm anch lineage name: Z1.ppp/Z4.aaa WBbt:0004522 anchor cell anchor cell, induces vulva, part of hermaphrodite gonad. ISBN:0-87969-307-X Excretory socket cell, links duct to hypodermis worm_anatomy exc socket excretory pore cell lineage name: G2.p WBbt:0004534 excretory socket cell Excretory socket cell, links duct to hypodermis ISBN:0-87969-307-X cell that forms the duct of the excretory system. worm_anatomy exc duct lineage name: ABplpaaaapa WBbt:0004540 excretory duct cell cell that forms the duct of the excretory system. ISBN:0-87969-307-X Rectal cell at hatching, becomes PDA in hermaphrodite, postembryonic blast cell in male worm_anatomy lineage name: ABprpppaaaa postembryonic C cell WBbt:0004578 Y cell Rectal cell at hatching, becomes PDA in hermaphrodite, postembryonic blast cell in male ISBN:0-87969-307-X Postembryonic neuroblast, analogous to Pn.a cells, also known as P0. worm_anatomy lineage name: ABprapaapa WBbt:0004583 W cell Postembryonic neuroblast, analogous to Pn.a cells, also known as P0. ISBN:0-87969-307-X WBpaper:00038216 Seam hypodermal cell worm_anatomy lineage name: ABplaaappa WBbt:0004778 H0L Seam hypodermal cell ISBN:0-87969-307-X Postembryonic blast cell, excretory socket in embryo worm_anatomy lineage name: ABprpaaaapa WBbt:0004780 G1 Postembryonic blast cell, excretory socket in embryo ISBN:0-87969-307-X Rectal cell, blast cell in male worm_anatomy lineage name: ABplppppapp WBbt:0004799 F cell Rectal cell, blast cell in male ISBN:0-87969-307-X Embryonic founder cell worm_anatomy lineage name: P0.pap WBbt:0004804 E Embryonic founder cell ISBN:0-87969-307-X Embryonic founder cell worm_anatomy lineage name: P0.pppa WBbt:0004873 D Embryonic founder cell ISBN:0-87969-307-X Rectal cell, postembryonic blast cell in male worm_anatomy lineage name: ABplppppapa postembryonic E cell WBbt:0004942 U cell Rectal cell, postembryonic blast cell in male ISBN:0-87969-307-X Tail seam hypodermal cell, postembryonic blast cell, functions as phasmid socket in L1 worm_anatomy lineage name: ABplappppp WBbt:0004946 TL Tail seam hypodermal cell, postembryonic blast cell, functions as phasmid socket in L1 ISBN:0-87969-307-X Seminal vesicle, outer; cell of pedigree Z1.paapp in male. worm_anatomy gon_male_sves lineage name: Z1.paapp WBbt:0005022 alternative nucleus Z4.aaapp male nucleus Z1.paapp male Seminal vesicle, outer; cell of pedigree Z1.paapp in male. ISBN:0-87969-307-X Seminal vesicle, inner worm_anatomy lineage name: Z4.appp WBbt:0005024 gon_male_sves Seminal vesicle, inner ISBN:0-87969-307-X male gonad cell, leads gonad during morphogenesis and initiates union with cloaca worm_anatomy gon_male_link lineage name: Z1.paa/Z4.aaa WBbt:0005062 linker cell male gonad cell, leads gonad during morphogenesis and initiates union with cloaca ISBN:0-87969-307-X lumbar ganglion, left side. worm_anatomy WBbt:0005098 lumbar ganglion left lumbar ganglion, left side. WB:rynl The left and right lateral ganglia lie beside the nerve ring in the head. They each contain about (30) neuron cell bodies and send their neuronal processes into the ring at its posterior margin either laterally or ventrally via the amphid commissures and ventral ganglion, but form no local neuropil separate from the nerve ring. The lateral ganglia are in close contact with the lateral hypodermal cords. WB:rynl worm_anatomy lateral ganglia WBbt:0005105 lateral ganglion The left and right lateral ganglia lie beside the nerve ring in the head. They each contain about (30) neuron cell bodies and send their neuronal processes into the ring at its posterior margin either laterally or ventrally via the amphid commissures and ventral ganglion, but form no local neuropil separate from the nerve ring. The lateral ganglia are in close contact with the lateral hypodermal cords. WB:rynl WBPaper:00038216 sensillum of inner or outer labial. worm_anatomy WBbt:0005107 LINKOUT::WORMATLAS::<http://www.wormatlas.org/ver1/handbook/hypodermis/IL.OLimagegallery.htm> labial sensillum sensillum of inner or outer labial. WB:rynl sensory organ of the inner labial. worm_anatomy WBbt:0005116 inner labial sensillum sensory organ of the inner labial. WB:rynl ganglion in the head. worm_anatomy WBbt:0005135 head ganglion ganglion in the head. WB:rynl organ producing either sperm or ova. worm_anatomy WBbt:0005175 gonad organ producing either sperm or ova. ISBN:0140512888 set of six cells that form a thin cylindrical sheet between pharynx and ring neuropile; no chemical synapses, but gap junctions with muscle arms and RME motor neurons, might be glial cells WBbt:0005387 WBbt:0005782 worm_anatomy GLR scaffold cell anomalous_pharynx_cells (TreeNode) WBbt:0005176 LINKOUT::WORMATLAS::<http://www.wormatlas.org/ver1/handbook/mesodermal.htm/glr.htm> GLR set of six cells that form a thin cylindrical sheet between pharynx and ring neuropile; no chemical synapses, but gap junctions with muscle arms and RME motor neurons, might be glial cells WB:rynl organ in hermaphrodite animal that produces both ova and sperm. worm_anatomy ovotestis WBbt:0005178 LINKOUT::WORMATLAS::<http://www.wormatlas.org/ver1/handbook/reproductivesystem/reproductivesystem1.htm> hermaphrodite gonad organ in hermaphrodite animal that produces both ova and sperm. WB:rynl A cluster of nerve cells and associated glial cells (nuclear location). WB:rynl worm_anatomy WBbt:0005189 ganglion A cluster of nerve cells and associated glial cells (nuclear location). WB:rynl A cell that is the E blast cell or is a lineal descendant of E. worm_anatomy WBbt:0005208 E lineage cell A cell that is the E blast cell or is a lineal descendant of E. WB:rynl the ganglion that lies above and behind the rectum in the tail, in close continuity with the anal hypodermal ridge. It contains 3 neuron cell bodies (DVA, DVB and DVC) that send their neuronal processes into the ventral nerve cord via dorso-rectal commissures that encircle the anus. The ganglion contains no local neuropil in the hermaphrodite. In the adult male tail, this ganglion gains additional neurons and some local neuropil. worm_anatomy WBbt:0005212 dorso-rectal ganglion the ganglion that lies above and behind the rectum in the tail, in close continuity with the anal hypodermal ridge. It contains 3 neuron cell bodies (DVA, DVB and DVC) that send their neuronal processes into the ventral nerve cord via dorso-rectal commissures that encircle the anus. The ganglion contains no local neuropil in the hermaphrodite. In the adult male tail, this ganglion gains additional neurons and some local neuropil. WBPaper:00038216 ganglion that lies beside the nerve ring in the head. It contains neuron cell bodies that send their neuronal processes into the ring and longitudinal nerves, but form no local neuropil separate from the nerve ring. The dorsal ganglion is in close contact with the dorsal hypodermal cord. WBbt:0005228 worm_anatomy WBbt:0005214 dorsal ganglion ganglion that lies beside the nerve ring in the head. It contains neuron cell bodies that send their neuronal processes into the ring and longitudinal nerves, but form no local neuropil separate from the nerve ring. The dorsal ganglion is in close contact with the dorsal hypodermal cord. WBPaper:00038216 neurons that sense body touch, have specialized microtubules in processes. WBbt:0005235 WBbt:0005239 worm_anatomy microtubule cell touch cell touch receptor WBbt:0005237 touch receptor neuron neurons that sense body touch, have specialized microtubules in processes. WB:rynl cuticle-lined lumenal region surrounded by pharyngeal epithelium, situated at the anterior end of pharynx. worm_anatomy WBbt:0005255 buccal cavity cuticle-lined lumenal region surrounded by pharyngeal epithelium, situated at the anterior end of pharynx. WB:rynl WBPaper:00038216 ganglion lies beside the nerve ring in the head, just anterior of the retrovesicular ganglion. It contains about 20 interneuron and motorneuron cell bodies that all send their neuronal processes into the ring. The cell bodies are divided into two groups by the intrusion of the excretory duct and canal. The cells are bounded by a basal lamina which physically separates them from the lateral ganglion even though they are adjacent to one another. WB:rynl worm_anatomy ventral ganglia WBbt:0005298 ventral ganglion ganglion lies beside the nerve ring in the head, just anterior of the retrovesicular ganglion. It contains about 20 interneuron and motorneuron cell bodies that all send their neuronal processes into the ring. The cell bodies are divided into two groups by the intrusion of the excretory duct and canal. The cells are bounded by a basal lamina which physically separates them from the lateral ganglion even though they are adjacent to one another. WBPaper:00038216 worm_anatomy WBbt:0005312 copulatory spicule an accordion-like tube that contains sperm and is the site of oocyte fertilization. worm_anatomy WBbt:0005319 LINKOUT::WORMATLAS::<http://www.wormatlas.org/ver1/handbook/reproductivesystem/reproductivesystem1.htm#Thespermatheca> spermatheca an accordion-like tube that contains sperm and is the site of oocyte fertilization. WBPaper:00038216 ganglion in the trunk of the body. worm_anatomy WBbt:0005332 body ganglion ganglion in the trunk of the body. WB:rynl muscle lining of the uterine wall. worm_anatomy WBbt:0005342 LINKOUT::WORMATLAS::<http://www.wormatlas.org/ver1/handbook/mesodermal.htm/musclepartIII.htm#um> uterine muscle muscle lining of the uterine wall. WB:rynl openning of the rectum WBbt:0005335 WB:rynl worm_anatomy anus interface WBbt:0005364 anus openning of the rectum WB:rynl spermatheca in anterior gonad arm. worm_anatomy gon_herm_spth_A WBbt:0005368 anterior spermatheca spermatheca in anterior gonad arm. WB:rynl Anterior lobe of the bi-lobbed hermaphrodite gonad. worm_anatomy WBbt:0005374 anterior gonad arm Anterior lobe of the bi-lobbed hermaphrodite gonad. WB:rynl ganglion anterior to the nerve ring WB:rynl worm_anatomy WBbt:0005375 anterior ganglion ganglion anterior to the nerve ring WB:rynl Bilaterally symmetric chemosensory specializations located on the two lateral lips in the head involving a large hole in the anterior cuticle. worm_anatomy amphid WBbt:0005391 LINKOUT::WORMATLAS::<http://www.wormatlas.org/ver1/handbook/hypodermis/Amphidimagegallery.htm> amphid sensillum Bilaterally symmetric chemosensory specializations located on the two lateral lips in the head involving a large hole in the anterior cuticle. WBPaper:00038216 neuron of the amphid sensillum WBbt:0005390 worm_anatomy amphid sensory neuron WBbt:0005394 amphid neuron neuron of the amphid sensillum WB:rynl neuron making synapse on an effector (muscle, gland). worm_anatomy motoneuron WBbt:0005409 motor neuron neuron making synapse on an effector (muscle, gland). WB:rynl bilateral sensory organ in the tail, similar to the amphid in the head. worm_anatomy WBbt:0005425 LINKOUT::WORMATLAS::<http://www.wormatlas.org/ver1/handbook/hypodermis/Phasmidimagegallery.htm> phasmid sensillum bilateral sensory organ in the tail, similar to the amphid in the head. WB:rynl the left one in the pair of phasmid sensilla. worm_anatomy WBbt:0005431 phasmid left sensillum the left one in the pair of phasmid sensilla. WB:rynl The pharyngeal nervous system is composed of 20 pharyngeal neurons which lie completely within the pharynx. worm_anatomy WBbt:0005440 pharyngeal nervous system The pharyngeal nervous system is composed of 20 pharyngeal neurons which lie completely within the pharynx. WBPaper:00038216 ganglion anterior to the anus. worm_anatomy WBbt:0005448 preanal ganglion ganglion anterior to the anus. WB:rynl type of cells that make up muscle layers in the pharynx. worm_anatomy WBbt:0005451 LINKOUT::WORMATLAS::<http://www.wormatlas.org/ver1/handbook/alimentary/alimentary1.htm#pharyngealmuscle> pharyngeal muscle cell type of cells that make up muscle layers in the pharynx. WB:rynl worm_anatomy WBbt:0005460 pharyngeal cell ganglion on the lateral side, in postior portion of the body, associated with posterior deirid. WB:rynl worm_anatomy posterior lateral ganglia WBbt:0005465 posterior lateral ganglion ganglion on the lateral side, in postior portion of the body, associated with posterior deirid. WB:rynl worm_anatomy WBbt:0005501 outer labial sensillum Ganglion that lies at the anterior limit of the ventral nerve cord, near the ventral ganglion and nerve ring in the head posterior to the excretory pore. It is open and continuous with the region containing the motoneurons of the ventral cord. In the early L1 this ganglion holds 12 neuron cell bodies plus one neuroblast (Sulston and Horvitz, 1977; White et al., 1986). In the adult animal, the ganglion holds 20 neuron cell bodies. worm_anatomy WBbt:0005656 retrovesicular ganglion Ganglion that lies at the anterior limit of the ventral nerve cord, near the ventral ganglion and nerve ring in the head posterior to the excretory pore. It is open and continuous with the region containing the motoneurons of the ventral cord. In the early L1 this ganglion holds 12 neuron cell bodies plus one neuroblast (Sulston and Horvitz, 1977; White et al., 1986). In the adult animal, the ganglion holds 20 neuron cell bodies. WBPaper:00038216 Neuron class of two ciliated neurons with flattened, sheet-like endings that are associated with the sheath cells of the amphid sensilla worm_anatomy WBbt:0005671 LINKOUT::WORMATLAS::<http://www.wormatlas.org/neurons/Individual%20Neurons/AWBframeset.html> AWB Neuron class of two ciliated neurons with flattened, sheet-like endings that are associated with the sheath cells of the amphid sensilla WB:Paper00000938 Association of cells with a common embryological origin or pathway and similar structure and function. Usually, cells of a tissue are contiguous at cell membranes and may be of one or more types. Tissues aggregate to form organs. CARO:0000043 ISBN:0-14-051288-8 WB:rynl worm_anatomy WBbt:0005729 Tissue Association of cells with a common embryological origin or pathway and similar structure and function. Usually, cells of a tissue are contiguous at cell membranes and may be of one or more types. Tissues aggregate to form organs. ISBN:0-14-051288-8 WB:rynl lies within the body wall, in close relation to nervous system and excretory system. WB:rynl worm_anatomy WBbt:0005730 epithelial system lies within the body wall, in close relation to nervous system and excretory system. WBPaper:00038216 Anatomical structures that exist outside of cells; non-cellular. CARO:0000040 WB:pws worm_anatomy WBbt:0005732 extracellular component Anatomical structures that exist outside of cells; non-cellular. WB:rynl Epidermal layer. CARO:0000066 WB:pws worm_anatomy epidermis WBbt:0005733 LINKOUT::WORMATLAS::<http://www.wormatlas.org/ver1/handbook/hypodermis/hypodermis.htm> hypodermis Epidermal layer. WB:pws Complement of nervous tissue (neurones, nerves, receptors and support cells) serving to detect, relay and coordinate information about an animal's internal and external environments and to initiate and integrate its effector responses and activities. WB:rynl worm_anatomy WBbt:0005735 LINKOUT::WORMATLAS::<http://www.wormatlas.org/ver1/MoW_built0.92/nervous_system.html> nervous system Complement of nervous tissue (neurones, nerves, receptors and support cells) serving to detect, relay and coordinate information about an animal's internal and external environments and to initiate and integrate its effector responses and activities. ISBN:0-14-051288-8 WB:rynl worm_anatomy WBbt:0005736 excretory system the organ system that allows the animal move, includes all muscles. worm_anatomy WBbt:0005737 muscular system the organ system that allows the animal move, includes all muscles. WB:rynl region of the body by which tissues, cells or cell parts are classified worm_anatomy WBbt:0005738 body region region of the body by which tissues, cells or cell parts are classified WBPaper:00038216 anterior-most body region containing the pharynx. worm_anatomy WBbt:0005739 head anterior-most body region containing the pharynx. WB:rynl body region posterior to the head and anterior to the tail worm_anatomy WBbt:0005740 midbody body region posterior to the head and anterior to the tail WB:rynl posterior region, from rectum to the end worm_anatomy WBbt:0005741 tail posterior region, from rectum to the end WB:rynl inner tube of two concentric tubes that make up the body worm_anatomy WBbt:0005743 digestive tract inner tube of two concentric tubes that make up the body WB:rynl worm_anatomy WBbt:0005744 reproductive tract A fluid-filled space enclosed on the outside by the basal laminae of the bodywall tissues, principally those of the bodywall muscles and the hypodermis. Within this space the digestive tract and reproductive tract lie separately, each enclosed by its own basal lamina. Intercellular signals, nutrients and waste products can travel between all tissues bordering this space. WBPaper:00038216 worm_anatomy body cavity WBbt:0005745 pseudocoelom A fluid-filled space enclosed on the outside by the basal laminae of the bodywall tissues, principally those of the bodywall muscles and the hypodermis. Within this space the digestive tract and reproductive tract lie separately, each enclosed by its own basal lamina. Intercellular signals, nutrients and waste products can travel between all tissues bordering this space. WBPaper:00038216 intergrated group of organs, performing one or more unified functions. ISBN:0-14-051288-8 worm_anatomy WBbt:0005746 Organ system intergrated group of organs, performing one or more unified functions. ISBN:0-14-051288-8 worm_anatomy WBbt:0005747 reproductive system worm_anatomy WBbt:0005748 alimentary system worm_anatomy WBbt:0005749 coelomic system An interfacial epithelial cell which forms a distal cap on a sheath cell to bind the sheath of a sensillum to the neighboring hypodermis, via adherens junctions. There is often a narrow opening through the socket from the exterior into the sheath channel, allowing ciliated dendrites to be exposed to the external environment. The socket cell functions similarly to a glial cell. worm_anatomy WBbt:0005750 socket cell An interfacial epithelial cell which forms a distal cap on a sheath cell to bind the sheath of a sensillum to the neighboring hypodermis, via adherens junctions. There is often a narrow opening through the socket from the exterior into the sheath channel, allowing ciliated dendrites to be exposed to the external environment. The socket cell functions similarly to a glial cell. WBPaper:00038216 A free-floating spherical cell lying in the pseudocoelomic cavity of larvae and adult C. elegans which can endocytose many compounds, possibly for immune surveillance. There are six coelomocytes in adult hermaphrodites, and they display prominent cytoplasmic inclusions and vacuoles. worm_anatomy WBbt:0005751 coelomocyte A free-floating spherical cell lying in the pseudocoelomic cavity of larvae and adult C. elegans which can endocytose many compounds, possibly for immune surveillance. There are six coelomocytes in adult hermaphrodites, and they display prominent cytoplasmic inclusions and vacuoles. WBPaper:00038216 anatomical or cell objects that exist in only one, male or hermaphrodite, sex. worm_anatomy WBbt:0005752 Sex specific entity anatomical or cell objects that exist in only one, male or hermaphrodite, sex. WB:rynl a group of hypodermal cells that lie along the apical midline of the hypodermis, at the extreme left and right sides between nose and tail worm_anatomy lateral hypodermis WBbt:0005753 LINKOUT::WORMATLAS::<http://www.wormatlas.org/ver1/handbook/hypodermis/hypsupportseam.htm> seam cell a group of hypodermal cells that lie along the apical midline of the hypodermis, at the extreme left and right sides between nose and tail WB:rynl WBPaper:00038216 an epithelial cell that serves either to bridge two neighboring epithelial tissues or to form an opening in the epithelium. worm_anatomy interfacial cell interfacial epithelium transitional epithelium WBbt:0005754 LINKOUT::WORMATLAS::<http://www.wormatlas.org/ver1/handbook/hypodermis/hypsupportother.htm> interfacial epithelial cell an epithelial cell that serves either to bridge two neighboring epithelial tissues or to form an opening in the epithelium. WB:rynl WBPaper:00038216 a rigid external coating which is secreted by the hypodermis, seam and some transitional epithelial cells which covers the outer body, the major openings into the body cavity from the exterior, and two large sensory bristles, the male spicules. The cuticle of the spicules, the hook, and of some portions of the spicule channels is especially rigid and is probably sclerotized. Similar sclerotic features are occasionally noted in the ventral surface of the male tail fan. WBPaper:00038216 worm_anatomy exoskeleton WBbt:0005755 cuticle a rigid external coating which is secreted by the hypodermis, seam and some transitional epithelial cells which covers the outer body, the major openings into the body cavity from the exterior, and two large sensory bristles, the male spicules. The cuticle of the spicules, the hook, and of some portions of the spicule channels is especially rigid and is probably sclerotized. Similar sclerotic features are occasionally noted in the ventral surface of the male tail fan. WBPaper:00038216 WBPaper:00038216 worm_anatomy ECM basement membrane extracellular matrix lamina WBbt:0005756 basal lamina cells or anatomical parts specific to the male sex worm_anatomy WBbt:0005757 male-specific anatomical entity cells or anatomical parts specific to the male sex WB:rynl cells or anatomical parts specific to the hermaphrodite sex worm_anatomy WBbt:0005758 hermaphrodite-specific anatomical entity cells or anatomical parts specific to the hermaphrodite sex WB:rynl neuron that senses external stimuli and transduce them to signals internal to the organism. worm_anatomy WBbt:0005759 WormAtlas NeuroTABLE 1 classification used. sensory neuron neuron that senses external stimuli and transduce them to signals internal to the organism. WB:rynl Part of the nervous system that lies completely outside the pharynx. worm_anatomy WBbt:0005760 somatic nervous system Part of the nervous system that lies completely outside the pharynx. WB:rynl cells that support sensory neurons, similar to glial cells in vertebrates. A category which collectively refers to socket cells, sheath cells, and structural cells, or their processes. All of these cells extend long processes which serve a supporting role, rather like glia, to form a protective environment around sensory neuron endings. In addition, some of these cells extend broad thin processes from their somata which wrap around neuronal ganglia, again in a glia-like fashion WBPaper:00038216 worm_anatomy support cell WBbt:0005762 accessory cell cells that support sensory neurons, similar to glial cells in vertebrates. A category which collectively refers to socket cells, sheath cells, and structural cells, or their processes. All of these cells extend long processes which serve a supporting role, rather like glia, to form a protective environment around sensory neuron endings. In addition, some of these cells extend broad thin processes from their somata which wrap around neuronal ganglia, again in a glia-like fashion WB:rynl WBPaper:00038216 concerns with functional aspects of cells and anatomical parts worm_anatomy WBbt:0005763 Functional system concerns with functional aspects of cells and anatomical parts WB:rynl entity of anatomical origin that is either entirely acellular or is a collection of cells and acellular parts. WBbt:0005764 worm_anatomy anatomical structure WBbt:0005766 Anatomy entity of anatomical origin that is either entirely acellular or is a collection of cells and acellular parts. WB:rynl A group of six equivalent cells forms a tightly constructed 'valve' that links the posterior bulb of the pharynx to the anterior four cells of the intestine. These six cells comprise a small epithelial channel with a cuticular lining in continuity with the pharyngeal cuticle and link the lumen of the pharynx to the large lumen of the anterior intestine. WBbt:0005435 WBPaper:00038216 worm_anatomy cardia esophago-intestinal valve pharyngeal valve pharyngo-intestinal valve WBbt:0005767 LINKOUT::WORMATLAS::<http://www.wormatlas.org/ver1/handbook/alimentary/alimentary1.htm#vip> pharyngeal-intestinal valve A group of six equivalent cells forms a tightly constructed 'valve' that links the posterior bulb of the pharynx to the anterior four cells of the intestine. These six cells comprise a small epithelial channel with a cuticular lining in continuity with the pharyngeal cuticle and link the lumen of the pharynx to the large lumen of the anterior intestine. WBPaper:00038216 spatial axis worm_anatomy WBbt:0005768 axis spatial axis WB:rynl A chain of very large cuboidal cells forming a wide central lumen in which food arrives from the posterior pharynx, is digested, and from which waste products proceed to the rectum. Intestinal rings form in groups of two and four cells surrounding the common lumen; thus the epithelium is only one cell deep at any point, with neighboring cells firmly secured to their neighbors by apical adherens junctions. These cells have very large nuclei and many large vacuoles, yolk granules, and other inclusions; the latter increase in number and electron density as the animal ages. WBPaper:00038216 worm_anatomy gut mesenteron WBbt:0005772 LINKOUT::WORMATLAS::<http://wormatlas.org/ver1/handbook/alimentary/alimentary2.htm> intestine A chain of very large cuboidal cells forming a wide central lumen in which food arrives from the posterior pharynx, is digested, and from which waste products proceed to the rectum. Intestinal rings form in groups of two and four cells surrounding the common lumen; thus the epithelium is only one cell deep at any point, with neighboring cells firmly secured to their neighbors by apical adherens junctions. These cells have very large nuclei and many large vacuoles, yolk granules, and other inclusions; the latter increase in number and electron density as the animal ages. WBPaper:00038216 The passageway in the hindgut between the posterior intestine, the rectal valve and the opening to the exterior. worm_anatomy WBbt:0005773 LINKOUT::WORMATLAS::<http://www.wormatlas.org/ver1/handbook/alimentary/alimentary3.htm> rectum The passageway in the hindgut between the posterior intestine, the rectal valve and the opening to the exterior. WB:rynl WBPaper:00038216 a feature of the male tail, caudal to the proctodeum, where the vas deferens and the intestine open out jointly near the tail tip to discharge their contents. worm_anatomy WBbt:0005774 cloaca a feature of the male tail, caudal to the proctodeum, where the vas deferens and the intestine open out jointly near the tail tip to discharge their contents. WBPaper:00038216 Four processes (canals) of the excretory canal cell each contain a central collecting lumen which feeds to a central lumenal canal in the cell body; the central canal forms a specialized membrane to release fluids into the excretory duct. These five canals form a continuous H-shaped channel which extends almost the full length of the body, generally in contact with the lateral hypodermis and the pseudocoelom. WBPaper:00038216 worm_anatomy canal WBbt:0005775 excretory canal Four processes (canals) of the excretory canal cell each contain a central collecting lumen which feeds to a central lumenal canal in the cell body; the central canal forms a specialized membrane to release fluids into the excretory duct. These five canals form a continuous H-shaped channel which extends almost the full length of the body, generally in contact with the lateral hypodermis and the pseudocoelom. WBPaper:00038216 gland cell of the secretory-excretory system, sends processes to ring, opens into excretory duct. worm_anatomy exc gl WBbt:0005776 excretory gland cell gland cell of the secretory-excretory system, sends processes to ring, opens into excretory duct. ISBN:0-87969-307-X WB:rynl worm_anatomy WBbt:0005779 striated muscle worm_anatomy WBbt:0005780 LINKOUT::WORMATLAS::<http://www.wormatlas.org/ver1/handbook/mesodermal.htm/musclepartIII.htm> non-striated muscle worm_anatomy WBbt:0005781 smooth muscle cell line which early in development becomes differentiated from the remaining somatic cell line, and alone has the potential to undergo meiosis and form gametes. worm_anatomy germline WBbt:0005784 LINKOUT::WORMATLAS::<http://www.wormatlas.org/ver1/handbook/reproductivesystem/reproductivesystem2.htm> germ line cell line which early in development becomes differentiated from the remaining somatic cell line, and alone has the potential to undergo meiosis and form gametes. ISBN:0140512888 The components of the gonad that are separate from the germline proper. In hermaphrodite, these include five tissues which are all derived from the somatic primordium : the distal tip cells, the gonadal sheath, the spermatheca, the spermatheca-uterine valve (sp-ut) and the uterus. worm_anatomy somatic germline WBbt:0005785 somatic gonad The components of the gonad that are separate from the germline proper. In hermaphrodite, these include five tissues which are all derived from the somatic primordium : the distal tip cells, the gonadal sheath, the spermatheca, the spermatheca-uterine valve (sp-ut) and the uterus. WB:rynl WBPaper:00038216 worm_anatomy WBbt:0005786 muscle of the reproductive system worm_anatomy WBbt:0005789 pharyngeal segment any of 20 large epithelial cells which form a tube and are mostly situated as bilaterally symmetric pairs around the tubular lumen. Each of these cell pairs forms an intestinal ring ( II-IX int rings). The most anterior intestinal ring (int ring I), however, is made of four cells. Intestinal cells contain large nuclei with large nucleoli and numerous autofluorescent granules in their cytoplasm. worm_anatomy WBbt:0005792 LINKOUT::WORMATLAS::<http://www.wormatlas.org/ver1/handbook/alimentary/alimentary2.htm#intcelllist> intestinal cell any of 20 large epithelial cells which form a tube and are mostly situated as bilaterally symmetric pairs around the tubular lumen. Each of these cell pairs forms an intestinal ring ( II-IX int rings). The most anterior intestinal ring (int ring I), however, is made of four cells. Intestinal cells contain large nuclei with large nucleoli and numerous autofluorescent granules in their cytoplasm. WBPaper:00038216 epithelium connecting intestine and anus. worm_anatomy WBbt:0005800 LINKOUT::WORMATLAS::<http://www.wormatlas.org/ver1/handbook/alimentary/alimentary3.htm#rectepith> rectal epithelium epithelium connecting intestine and anus. WB:rynl a structural (glial) cell which forms an specialized environment surrounding the sensory ending(s) of one or more neurons; sometimes accompanied by a more distal socket cell. In early development of the sensory nerves and of the nerve ring some sheath cells (cephalics and labials) may also provide a substrate for axon guidance WBPaper:00038216 worm_anatomy pocket cell WBbt:0005811 neuronal sheath cell a structural (glial) cell which forms an specialized environment surrounding the sensory ending(s) of one or more neurons; sometimes accompanied by a more distal socket cell. In early development of the sensory nerves and of the nerve ring some sheath cells (cephalics and labials) may also provide a substrate for axon guidance WBPaper:00038216 H-shaped cell associated with the excretory system, largest cell in C. elegans. WBbt:0004542 worm_anatomy exc_cell excretory canal cell lineage name: ABplpappaap WBbt:0005812 LINKOUT::WORMATLAS::<http://www.wormatlas.org/ver1/handbook/excretory.htm#exccanalcell> excretory cell H-shaped cell associated with the excretory system, largest cell in C. elegans. WB:rynl Longitudinal bands of muscle cells surrounding animal body, with one band running in each quadrant of the body, regulated contraction and relaxation of these muscles cause locomotion. worm_anatomy body muscle WBbt:0005813 body wall musculature Longitudinal bands of muscle cells surrounding animal body, with one band running in each quadrant of the body, regulated contraction and relaxation of these muscles cause locomotion. ISBN:0-87969-433-5 muscle of the alimentary organ system. worm_anatomy WBbt:0005820 alimentary muscle muscle of the alimentary organ system. WB:rynl muscle associated with hermaphrodite vulva. worm_anatomy WBbt:0005821 LINKOUT::WORMATLAS::<http://www.wormatlas.org/ver1/handbook/mesodermal.htm/musclepartIII.htm#vm> vulval muscle muscle associated with hermaphrodite vulva. WB:rynl five pairs of thin gonadal sheath cells form a single layer covering the germ line component of each arm, each pair occupying a stereotyped position along the gonad proximal-distal axis. worm_anatomy WBbt:0005828 gonadal sheath cell five pairs of thin gonadal sheath cells form a single layer covering the germ line component of each arm, each pair occupying a stereotyped position along the gonad proximal-distal axis. WBPaper:00038216 a large process bundle that runs along the vental mid-line extending from the ventral region of the nerve ring. worm_anatomy ventral cord WBbt:0005829 ventral nerve cord a large process bundle that runs along the vental mid-line extending from the ventral region of the nerve ring. WB:Paper00000938 ventral cord WB:Paper00000938 The left and right lumbar ganglia lie behind the pre-anal ganglion in the tail, in lateral positions. Each contains 12 neuron cell bodies that send most of their neuronal processes into the ventral nerve cord via lumbar commissures and the pre-anal ganglion. There is no local neuropil in these ganglia in the hermaphrodite, instead they form most synapses in the pre-anal ganglion. Most lumbar neurons have sensory functions. In the adult male tail, these two ganglia gain many additional neurons and have some local neuropil. The lumbar neurons lie in close association with the lateral hypodermis, and most are posterior to the anus. WBbt:0005099 WB:rynl worm_anatomy lumbar lateral ganglia lumbar lateral ganglion WBbt:0005830 lumbar ganglion The left and right lumbar ganglia lie behind the pre-anal ganglion in the tail, in lateral positions. Each contains 12 neuron cell bodies that send most of their neuronal processes into the ventral nerve cord via lumbar commissures and the pre-anal ganglion. There is no local neuropil in these ganglia in the hermaphrodite, instead they form most synapses in the pre-anal ganglion. Most lumbar neurons have sensory functions. In the adult male tail, these two ganglia gain many additional neurons and have some local neuropil. The lumbar neurons lie in close association with the lateral hypodermis, and most are posterior to the anus. WBPaper:00038216 neuron that senses soluable chemicals worm_anatomy WBbt:0005837 chemosensory neuron neuron that senses soluable chemicals WB:rynl neuron that senses volatile odorants worm_anatomy WBbt:0005839 odorsensory neuron neuron that senses volatile odorants Wb:rynl The shell or external calcareous covering of an egg worm_anatomy WBbt:0005843 eggshell The shell or external calcareous covering of an egg ISBN:0198611862 female genital. worm_anatomy WBbt:0006748 LINKOUT::WORMATLAS::<http://www.wormatlas.org/ver1/handbook/reproductivesystem/reproductivesystem3a.htm#Thevulva> vulva female genital. WB:rynl the most extensive region of neuropil in the animal, consists of a large toroidal bundle of processes. worm_anatomy circumpharyngeal nerve ring WBbt:0006749 nerve ring the most extensive region of neuropil in the animal, consists of a large toroidal bundle of processes. WB:Paper00000938 circumpharyngeal nerve ring WB:Paper00000938 a bundle of nerve processes that runs along the dorsal mid-line of the animal. worm_anatomy dorsal cord WBbt:0006750 dorsal nerve cord a bundle of nerve processes that runs along the dorsal mid-line of the animal. WB:Paper00000938 dorsal cord WB:Paper00000938 sheath cell of amphid sensillum. worm_anatomy WBbt:0006754 amphid sheath cell sheath cell of amphid sensillum. WB:rynl The organ in which the eggs are developed and protected until laid. worm_anatomy WBbt:0006760 LINKOUT::WORMATLAS::<http://www.wormatlas.org/ver1/handbook/reproductivesystem/reproductivesystem3a.htm#Theuterus> uterus The organ in which the eggs are developed and protected until laid. ISBN:0198611862 WB:rynl body wall muscle in the head, including first eight cells of each muscle quadrants which are innervated by nerve ring neurons. worm_anatomy head body wall muscle WBbt:0006761 head muscle body wall muscle in the head, including first eight cells of each muscle quadrants which are innervated by nerve ring neurons. WB:Paper00001594 WB:rynl The first (count from anterior-most) of twelve postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1. WBbt:0007206 P1 post-embryonic blast cell worm_anatomy WBbt:0006770 P1 The first (count from anterior-most) of twelve postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1. ISBN:0-87969-307-X WB:rynl precursor cell destined to divide some time after hatching. worm_anatomy WBbt:0006783 blast cell precursor cell destined to divide some time after hatching. WB:rynl monoucleate interfacial cell between the uterus and vulva (uv1-uv3), four sets total (L/R, A/P) worm_anatomy uv cell WBbt:0006790 uterine-vulval cell monoucleate interfacial cell between the uterus and vulva (uv1-uv3), four sets total (L/R, A/P) WB:Paper00002608 WB:rynl gonad of a male animal, produces sperm. worm_anatomy WBbt:0006794 male gonad gonad of a male animal, produces sperm. WB:wjc Essensially a modified rectum, junction between the alimentary and genital tracts in the male. worm_anatomy WBbt:0006795 proctodeum Essensially a modified rectum, junction between the alimentary and genital tracts in the male. WB:Paper00000462 WBPaper:00038216 a cell, of either sex, directly concerned in the production of a new organism. worm_anatomy WBbt:0006796 germ cell a cell, of either sex, directly concerned in the production of a new organism. WB:rynl a female haploid germ cell. worm_anatomy ovum WBbt:0006797 oocyte a female haploid germ cell. WB:wjc Male haploid germ cell. worm_anatomy spermatozoa spermatozoon WBbt:0006798 sperm Male haploid germ cell. WB:rynl A cell which gives rise to spermatids by meiosis. worm_anatomy WBbt:0006799 spermatocyte A cell which gives rise to spermatids by meiosis. ISBN:0198611862 An immature sperm cell which undergoes morphogenesis to form mature, amoeboid sperm. worm_anatomy WBbt:0006800 spermatid An immature sperm cell which undergoes morphogenesis to form mature, amoeboid sperm. WB:wjc type of 95 cells that make up muscles of the body wall. worm_anatomy body muscle cell body wall muscle bodywall muscle mu_bod WBbt:0006804 LINKOUT::WORMATLAS::<http://www.wormatlas.org/ver1/handbook/mesodermal.htm/musclepartII.htm#CelllistBWM> body wall muscle cell type of 95 cells that make up muscles of the body wall. WB:rynl neuron type, neurons that have ciliated nerve endings. worm_anatomy WBbt:0006816 ciliated neuron neuron type, neurons that have ciliated nerve endings. WB:rynl Neuron class of two motoneurons that innervate vulval muscles in the hermaphrodite. worm_anatomy hermaphrodite specific neuron WBbt:0006830 LINKOUT::WORMATLAS::<http://www.wormatlas.org/neurons/Individual%20Neurons/hsframeset.html> HSN Neuron class of two motoneurons that innervate vulval muscles in the hermaphrodite. WB:Paper00000938 neuron that uses serotonin as a vesicular neurotransmitter. worm_anatomy 5-HT neuron WBbt:0006837 serotonergic neuron neuron that uses serotonin as a vesicular neurotransmitter. WB:rynl neuron that uses vesicular acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter. worm_anatomy ACh neuron WBbt:0006840 cholinergic neuron neuron that uses vesicular acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter. WB:rynl member of a set of two cells that generate exclusively sperm and ovum. worm_anatomy PGC primordial germ cell WBbt:0006849 LINKOUT::WORMATLAS::<http://www.wormatlas.org/ver1/handbook/reproductivesystem/reproductivesystem2.htm#germlinedevelopment> germline precursor cell member of a set of two cells that generate exclusively sperm and ovum. WB:rynl An organ system consists of the excretory system and associated glands. worm_anatomy WBbt:0006850 excretory secretory system An organ system consists of the excretory system and associated glands. WB:Paper00000536 WB:rynl somatic cell that situates at the tip of a gonad arm. worm_anatomy DTC WBbt:0006865 distal tip cell somatic cell that situates at the tip of a gonad arm. WB:rynl part of male gonad that holds mature sperm, made of a total of 12 nuclei. worm_anatomy gon_male_sves WBbt:0006870 seminal vesicle part of male gonad that holds mature sperm, made of a total of 12 nuclei. WB:Paper00000193 WB:rynl specialized muscle type in male sex organ. worm_anatomy mu_male_gub WBbt:0006908 gubernacular muscle specialized muscle type in male sex organ. WB:rynl specialized muscle type in the posterior of adult male. WBbt:0005814 worm_anatomy mu_male_long ventral longitudinal muscle WBbt:0006909 longitudinal male muscle specialized muscle type in the posterior of adult male. WB:rynl sensillum in the head, each with a CEP receptor neuron. worm_anatomy WBbt:0006920 LINKOUT::WORMATLAS::<http://www.wormatlas.org/ver1/handbook/hypodermis/CEPimage%20gallery.htm> cephalic sensillum sensillum in the head, each with a CEP receptor neuron. WB:rynl worm_anatomy WBbt:0006926 LINKOUT::WORMATLAS::<http://www.wormatlas.org/ver1/handbook/hypodermis/deiridimagegallery.htm> deirid sensillum sensory organ, consists of sensory neurons and supporting cells. worm_anatomy WBbt:0006929 sensillum sensory organ, consists of sensory neurons and supporting cells. WB:rynl male sensory organ; nine bilateral pairs of finger-like rays (numbered 1 to 9, Left/Right) radiate from the tail and are embedded in a cuticlar fan. worm_anatomy male sensory ray WBbt:0006941 LINKOUT::WORMATLAS::<http://www.wormatlas.org/ver1/maleHandbook/EpithelialMalePartII_Rays.htm> ray male sensory organ; nine bilateral pairs of finger-like rays (numbered 1 to 9, Left/Right) radiate from the tail and are embedded in a cuticlar fan. WB:rynl WBPaper:00038216 ganglion in the tail region (posterior to rectum). worm_anatomy WBbt:0006977 tail ganglion ganglion in the tail region (posterior to rectum). WB:rynl An acellular thin cuticle whip formed at the very end of the tail during embryogenesis. worm_anatomy WBbt:0006979 LINKOUT::WORMATLAS::<http://www.wormatlas.org/ver1/handbook/hypodermis/hypsupportother.htm#tailspikecells> tail spike An acellular thin cuticle whip formed at the very end of the tail during embryogenesis. WB:rynl WBPaper:00038216 cell that exists in and is part of an embryo. worm_anatomy WBbt:0007028 embryonic cell cell that exists in and is part of an embryo. WB:rynl a cell that is born in a worm after hatching. worm_anatomy WBbt:0007030 post-embryonic cell a cell that is born in a worm after hatching. WB:rynl cell that has the potential to form structural part of a vulva. worm_anatomy VPC vulval precursor WBbt:0007809 vulval precursor cell cell that has the potential to form structural part of a vulva. WB:rynl any muscle cell that is not pharyngeal. worm_anatomy WBbt:0007810 body muscle cell any muscle cell that is not pharyngeal. WB:Paper00001807 somatic (not germline) cell of the hermaphrodite gonad. worm_anatomy WBbt:0007815 hermaphrodite somatic gonadal cell somatic (not germline) cell of the hermaphrodite gonad. WB:rynl cell of the hermaphrodite spermatheca. worm_anatomy gon herm spth WBbt:0007816 spermathecal cell cell of the hermaphrodite spermatheca. WB:rynl Small linear ridges running along the lateral lines of the cuticle, lengthwise along the body; these thickenings lie in register with the seam cells which likely produce them and are present in the cuticle of the L1, dauer and adult stages, but not in other larval stages. The alae are suspected to provide better traction when the animal generates a bodywave. Since the animal usually lies on its side, the alae are in perfect position to catch against the substrate. worm_anatomy alae WBbt:0007832 cuticular ala Small linear ridges running along the lateral lines of the cuticle, lengthwise along the body; these thickenings lie in register with the seam cells which likely produce them and are present in the cuticle of the L1, dauer and adult stages, but not in other larval stages. The alae are suspected to provide better traction when the animal generates a bodywave. Since the animal usually lies on its side, the alae are in perfect position to catch against the substrate. WB:rynl WBPaper:00038216 Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell. worm_anatomy WBbt:0007833 XREF::CARO:0000012 organism Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell. WB:rynl primary cell type that forms the hypodermis. worm_anatomy WBbt:0007846 hypodermal cell primary cell type that forms the hypodermis. WB:rynl Multi-cellular organism that can produce both male and female gametes. CARO:0000029 worm_anatomy hermaphroditic organism WBbt:0007849 hermaphrodite Multi-cellular organism that can produce both male and female gametes. CARO:0000029 Gonochoristic organism that can produce male gametes. CARO:0000027 worm_anatomy male organism WBbt:0007850 male Gonochoristic organism that can produce male gametes. CARO:0000027 cell that is mononuclear and has a strong potential to fuse with other cell(s) to form a multinucleated cell. worm_anatomy WBbt:0008073 syncytium precursor cell that is mononuclear and has a strong potential to fuse with other cell(s) to form a multinucleated cell. WB:rynl cell that has more than one nucleus. worm_anatomy syncitium syncycia syncytial cell WBbt:0008074 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncytium syncytium cell that has more than one nucleus. WB:rynl Blast cell lying ventrolaterally in the late embryo and L1 larval stage which divides during the late L1 larva in stereotypical reiterated fashion to give rise to many motor neurons which begin function in the ventral cord and preanal ganglion of the early L2 larva, as well as hypodermal cells (which fuse into hyp7) and a series of programmed cell deaths. In addition, the Pn.p daughters of P3 through P8 lineages persist without fusing into the hyp7 syncytium until mid L3 stage when they can be induced to divide further to produce vulval epithelial cells (vulA - vulF) or more hyp7 cells. P0 is also known as W. worm_anatomy P cell WBbt:0008115 ventral cord blast cell Blast cell lying ventrolaterally in the late embryo and L1 larval stage which divides during the late L1 larva in stereotypical reiterated fashion to give rise to many motor neurons which begin function in the ventral cord and preanal ganglion of the early L2 larva, as well as hypodermal cells (which fuse into hyp7) and a series of programmed cell deaths. In addition, the Pn.p daughters of P3 through P8 lineages persist without fusing into the hyp7 syncytium until mid L3 stage when they can be induced to divide further to produce vulval epithelial cells (vulA - vulF) or more hyp7 cells. P0 is also known as W. WB:rynl WBpaper:00038216 These cells include: B, F, Y, U, K' and K. All rectal epithelial cells contain secretory membrane stacks along this region facing the lumenal cuticle and produce some portion of the cuticular lining of the rectum. These are interfacial cells that connect the alimentary system to the main body syncytium. worm_anatomy rectal epithelium WBbt:0008182 rectal epithelial cell These cells include: B, F, Y, U, K' and K. All rectal epithelial cells contain secretory membrane stacks along this region facing the lumenal cuticle and produce some portion of the cuticular lining of the rectum. These are interfacial cells that connect the alimentary system to the main body syncytium. WBPaper:00038216 seminal vesicle cell of male gonad. worm_anatomy seminal vesicle WBbt:0008189 23 cells in each animal, one cell has alternate fate. gon male sves seminal vesicle cell of male gonad. WB:rynl cell of male gonad. worm_anatomy male somatic gonadal cell WBbt:0008209 male gonadal cell cell of male gonad. WB:rynl seminal vesicle, outer; cell of the pedigree Z1.paapp or Z4.aaapp. worm_anatomy WBbt:0008249 gon_male_sves Z1 or Z4 seminal vesicle, outer; cell of the pedigree Z1.paapp or Z4.aaapp. WB:rynl precursor cell of, before fusion to form vulval syncytia vulA(4), vulC(4), vulD(2), vulE(4) and vulF(4). worm_anatomy WBbt:0008289 vulval syncytia precursor precursor cell of, before fusion to form vulval syncytia vulA(4), vulC(4), vulD(2), vulE(4) and vulF(4). WB:rynl Portion of the digestive tract between the oral opening and the definitely tri-radiate beginning of the esophagus (pharynx). worm_anatomy WBbt:0008374 stoma Portion of the digestive tract between the oral opening and the definitely tri-radiate beginning of the esophagus (pharynx). ISBN:0-8391-0697-1 Tail lateral ectoblasts that give rise to neurons, hypodermis and glial lineages. While initially identical, after the L2 lethargus the T cell lineages become markedly different between males and hermaphrodites helping to provide the sexually dimorphic tail structures found in males. worm_anatomy T cell WBbt:0008409 tail precursor cell Tail lateral ectoblasts that give rise to neurons, hypodermis and glial lineages. While initially identical, after the L2 lethargus the T cell lineages become markedly different between males and hermaphrodites helping to provide the sexually dimorphic tail structures found in males. WBPaper:00038216 Hypodermal socket cell of the phasmid sensillum. worm_anatomy Phso WBbt:0008410 phasmid socket cell Hypodermal socket cell of the phasmid sensillum. WB:rynl anatomical part of the body which is involved in sexual reproduction and constitutes the reproductive system. worm_anatomy genitalia WBbt:0008422 Term definition modified from wikipedia entry. sex organ anatomical part of the body which is involved in sexual reproduction and constitutes the reproductive system. WB:rynl antomical structure of the male involved in sexual reproduction. worm_anatomy WBbt:0008423 male genital antomical structure of the male involved in sexual reproduction. WB:rynl A sclerotized cuticular structure at the base of the male tail fan which houses the retracted spicules and guides the eversion of the spicules through the anus. worm_anatomy WBbt:0008424 gubernaculum A sclerotized cuticular structure at the base of the male tail fan which houses the retracted spicules and guides the eversion of the spicules through the anus. WB:Paper00038216 A small lump on the gubernaculum of the male tail. This structure lies on the ventral surface just anterior and central to the base of the spicule openings and contains a sensory structure called the hook sensillum. worm_anatomy WBbt:0008425 hook A small lump on the gubernaculum of the male tail. This structure lies on the ventral surface just anterior and central to the base of the spicule openings and contains a sensory structure called the hook sensillum. WB:Paper00038216 The extreme anterior portion of the body. worm_anatomy WBbt:0008426 nose The extreme anterior portion of the body. WB:Paper00038216 One of two small cells produced, each during one of the two meiotic cell divisions, which are then discarded in the creation of the haploid germ cell. worm_anatomy WBbt:0008429 polar body One of two small cells produced, each during one of the two meiotic cell divisions, which are then discarded in the creation of the haploid germ cell. WB:Paper00038216 neuron that senses and responds to mechanical stimuli, such as touch. worm_anatomy WBbt:0008431 mechanosensory neuron neuron that senses and responds to mechanical stimuli, such as touch. WB:rynl cell of the epithelia of uterus. worm_anatomy WBbt:0008435 uterine epithelial cell cell of the epithelia of uterus. WB:rynl A cell that is the M blast cell or is a lineal descendant of M. raymond 2012-01-26T02:48:40Z worm_anatomy WBbt:0008439 M lineage cell A cell that is the M blast cell or is a lineal descendant of M. WB:rynl Embryonic cell which descends from the same parent cell as a germline blastomere. raymond 2012-03-05T10:59:36Z worm_anatomy WBbt:0008447 somatic blastomere Embryonic cell which descends from the same parent cell as a germline blastomere. WB:Paper00003633 WB:rynl Embryonic cell that has the developmental potential to generate a germ cell. raymond 2012-03-05T11:05:10Z worm_anatomy WBbt:0008448 germline blastomere Embryonic cell that has the developmental potential to generate a germ cell. WB:Paper00003633 WB:rynl An apparatus for laying eggs of the hermaphrodite reproductive system, consists of the uterus, the uterine muscles, the vulva, the vulval muscles, and a local neuropil formed by the egg-laying neurons. raymond 2012-10-30T12:29:21Z worm_anatomy WBbt:0008587 egg-laying apparatus An apparatus for laying eggs of the hermaphrodite reproductive system, consists of the uterus, the uterine muscles, the vulva, the vulval muscles, and a local neuropil formed by the egg-laying neurons. WB:Paper00038216 WB:rynl A cell that is the C blast cell or is a lineal descendant of C. raymond 2013-03-15T08:44:18Z worm_anatomy WBbt:0008588 C lineage cell A cell that is the C blast cell or is a lineal descendant of C. WB:rynl A cell that is the D blast cell or is a lineal descendant of D. raymond 2013-03-15T08:44:18Z worm_anatomy WBbt:0008589 D lineage cell A cell that is the D blast cell or is a lineal descendant of D. WB:rynl A cell that is the P embryonic blast cell or is a lineal descendant of P. raymond 2013-03-15T08:44:18Z worm_anatomy WBbt:0008590 P lineage cell A cell that is the P embryonic blast cell or is a lineal descendant of P. WB:rynl A diploid immature germ cell which forms in the gonad when a spermatogonial stem cell buds off from the rachis to form a single cell that quickly enters metaphase I and divides to form secondary spermatocytes attached to a residual body. raymond 2013-04-17T09:54:03Z worm_anatomy WBbt:0008591 primary spermatocyte A diploid immature germ cell which forms in the gonad when a spermatogonial stem cell buds off from the rachis to form a single cell that quickly enters metaphase I and divides to form secondary spermatocytes attached to a residual body. WBPaper:00038216 A haploid immature germ cell which forms in the gonad by the division of a diploid primary spermatocyte. It undergoes a second meiotic division to complete meiosis, at which time the daughter cells detach from the residual body to become spermatids. raymond 2013-04-17T09:54:03Z worm_anatomy WBbt:0008592 secondary spermatocyte A haploid immature germ cell which forms in the gonad by the division of a diploid primary spermatocyte. It undergoes a second meiotic division to complete meiosis, at which time the daughter cells detach from the residual body to become spermatids. WBPaper:00038216 A cell that is QL or QR blast cell or is a lineal descendant of QL or QR. raymond 2013-09-10T10:21:50Z worm_anatomy WBbt:0008593 Q lineage cell A cell that is QL or QR blast cell or is a lineal descendant of QL or QR. WB:rynl Ventral ganglion neuroblasts present at hatching, located near the excretory pore. raymond 2013-12-02T03:30:08Z worm_anatomy WBbt:0008599 G cell Ventral ganglion neuroblasts present at hatching, located near the excretory pore. WBpaper:00038216 A cell that is the B post-embryonic blast cell or is a lineal descendant of B, in male. raymond 2014-11-10T03:11:46Z worm_anatomy WBbt:0008608 B lineage cell A cell that is the B post-embryonic blast cell or is a lineal descendant of B, in male. WB:rynl A cell that is the AB blast cell or is a lineal descendant of AB. raymond 2015-05-27T01:48:04Z worm_anatomy WBbt:0008611 AB lineage cell A cell that is the AB blast cell or is a lineal descendant of AB. WB:rynl A cell that is the MS blast cell or is a lineal descendant of MS. raymond 2016-01-08T08:26:06Z worm_anatomy WBbt:0008627 MS lineage cell A cell that is the MS blast cell or is a lineal descendant of MS. WB:rynl A lobe of the gonad. In a monodelphic gonad, there is one arm, whereas in a didelphic gonad, there are two arms. gonad arm A lobe of the gonad. In a monodelphic gonad, there is one arm, whereas in a didelphic gonad, there are two arms. WB:rynl The nematode life-cycle stage that occurs entirely outside of a host organism. jl16 2015-03-19T10:42:18Z worm_development WBls:0000001 free-living nematode stage The nematode life-cycle stage that occurs entirely outside of a host organism. WB:jl All C. elegans development stages, including embryo, larva and adult stage. all stages worm_development WBls:0000002 all stages Ce All C. elegans development stages, including embryo, larva and adult stage. WB:wjc The whole period of embryogenesis, from the formation of an egg till its hatch. embryo worm_development WBls:0000003 embryo Ce The whole period of embryogenesis, from the formation of an egg till its hatch. WB:wjc 0-350min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Proliferate from 1 cell to 560 cells. From start of first cleavage till cleavage is over. proliferating embryo early embryo worm_development WBls:0000004 proliferating embryo Ce 0-350min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Proliferate from 1 cell to 560 cells. From start of first cleavage till cleavage is over. WB:wjc 0-100min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Proliferate from 1 cell to 28 cells. From first cleavage till the start of gastrulation. blastula embryo worm_development WBls:0000005 blastula embryo Ce 0-100min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Proliferate from 1 cell to 28 cells. From first cleavage till the start of gastrulation. WB:wjc Also called zygote. -50min till 0min of first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Contains 1 cell. 1-cell embryo fertilized egg worm_development WBls:0000006 1-cell embryo Ce Also called zygote. -50min till 0min of first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Contains 1 cell. WB:wjc fertilized egg WB:dr 100-290min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Proliferate from 28 cells to 421 cells. Referring to the whole period of gastrulation. gastrulating embryo worm_development WBls:0000010 gastrulating embryo Ce 100-290min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Proliferate from 28 cells to 421 cells. Referring to the whole period of gastrulation. WB:wjc 290-350min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Proliferate from 421 cells to 560 cells. The stage when embryo just finished gastrulation and is enclosing. enclosing embryo worm_development WBls:0000013 enclosing embryo Ce 290-350min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Proliferate from 421 cells to 560 cells. The stage when embryo just finished gastrulation and is enclosing. WB:wjc 210-350min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Proliferate from 421 cells to 560 cells. The stage before the fast cleavage of cells finishes. late cleavage stage embryo worm_development WBls:0000014 late cleavage stage embryo Ce 210-350min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Proliferate from 421 cells to 560 cells. The stage before the fast cleavage of cells finishes. WB:wjc 350-620min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The stage that embryo starts elongation till elongation is over. elongating embryo mid embryo worm_development WBls:0000015 elongating embryo Ce 350-620min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The stage that embryo starts elongation till elongation is over. WB:wjc 350-390min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. Emrbyo elongation started but have not formed comma shape yet. The shape of embryo looks like a lima bean. A stage right before comma embryo. Also called lima embryo or lima bean stage. bean embryo worm_development WBls:0000016 bean embryo Ce 350-390min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. Emrbyo elongation started but have not formed comma shape yet. The shape of embryo looks like a lima bean. A stage right before comma embryo. Also called lima embryo or lima bean stage. WB:wjc 390-420min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The shape of embryo looks like a comma. A stage between bean embryo and 1.5-fold embryo. comma embryo worm_development WBls:0000017 comma embryo Ce 390-420min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The shape of embryo looks like a comma. A stage between bean embryo and 1.5-fold embryo. WB:wjc 420-460min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The shape of embryo is elongated and fold back 50%. A stage between comma embryo and 2-fold embryo. 1.5-fold embryo worm_development WBls:0000018 1.5-fold embryo Ce 420-460min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The shape of embryo is elongated and fold back 50%. A stage between comma embryo and 2-fold embryo. WB:wjc 460-520min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The shape of embryo is elongated and double fold. A stage between 1.5-fold embryo and 3-fold embryo. 2-fold embryo worm_development WBls:0000019 2-fold embryo Ce 460-520min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The shape of embryo is elongated and double fold. A stage between 1.5-fold embryo and 3-fold embryo. WB:wjc 520-620min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The shape of embryo is elongated and tripple fold. A stage between 2-fold embryo and fully-elongated embryo. Also called pretzel embryo or pretzel stage. 3-fold embryo worm_development WBls:0000020 3-fold embryo Ce 520-620min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The shape of embryo is elongated and tripple fold. A stage between 2-fold embryo and fully-elongated embryo. Also called pretzel embryo or pretzel stage. WB:wjc 620-800min(hatch) after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. A stage after elongation is over. The last stage of embryogenesis. Also called pre-hatched embryo, late embryo or morphogenetic embryo. fully-elongated embryo late embryo morphogenetic stage pre-hatched embryo worm_development WBls:0000021 fully-elongated embryo Ce 620-800min(hatch) after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. A stage after elongation is over. The last stage of embryogenesis. Also called pre-hatched embryo, late embryo or morphogenetic embryo. WB:wjc The stage after hatch till death. postembryonic worm_development WBls:0000022 postembryonic Ce The stage after hatch till death. WB:wjc From the time after hatch till becomes adult. larva worm_development WBls:0000023 larva Ce From the time after hatch till becomes adult. WB:wjc The first stage larva. At 25 Centigrade, it ranges 14-25.5 hours after fertilization, 0-11.5 hours after hatch. L1 larva worm_development WBls:0000024 L1 larva Ce The first stage larva. At 25 Centigrade, it ranges 14-25.5 hours after fertilization, 0-11.5 hours after hatch. WB:wjc The stage when an animal shifts from L1 larva to L2 larva. It includes the synthesis of new cuticle, cease of phrayngeal pumping during a lethargus stage, and the shed off of old cuticle. L1-L2 molt worm_development WBls:0000026 L1-L2 molt Ce The stage when an animal shifts from L1 larva to L2 larva. It includes the synthesis of new cuticle, cease of phrayngeal pumping during a lethargus stage, and the shed off of old cuticle. WB:wjc The second stage larva. At 25 Centigrade, it ranges 25.5-32.5 hours after fertilization, 11.5-18.5 hours after hatch. L2 larva worm_development WBls:0000027 L2 larva Ce The second stage larva. At 25 Centigrade, it ranges 25.5-32.5 hours after fertilization, 11.5-18.5 hours after hatch. WB:wjc The stage when an animal shifts from L2 larva to L3 larva. It includes the synthesis of new cuticle, cease of phrayngeal pumping during a lethargus stage, and the shed off of old cuticle. L2-L3 molt worm_development WBls:0000029 L2-L3 molt Ce The stage when an animal shifts from L2 larva to L3 larva. It includes the synthesis of new cuticle, cease of phrayngeal pumping during a lethargus stage, and the shed off of old cuticle. WB:wjc A third stage larva specialized for dispersal and long term survival. dauer larva worm_development WBls:0000032 dauer larva Ce A third stage larva specialized for dispersal and long term survival. ISBN:0-87969-433-5 The third stage larva. At 25 Centigrade, it ranges 32.5-40 hours after fertilization, 18.5-26 hours after hatch. L3 larva worm_development WBls:0000035 L3 larva Ce The third stage larva. At 25 Centigrade, it ranges 32.5-40 hours after fertilization, 18.5-26 hours after hatch. WB:wjc The stage when an animal shifts from L3 larva to L4 larva. It includes the synthesis of new cuticle, cease of phrayngeal pumping during a lethargus stage, and the shed off of old cuticle. L3-L4 molt worm_development WBls:0000037 L3-L4 molt Ce The stage when an animal shifts from L3 larva to L4 larva. It includes the synthesis of new cuticle, cease of phrayngeal pumping during a lethargus stage, and the shed off of old cuticle. WB:wjc The fourth stage larva. At 25 Centigrade, it ranges 40-49.5 hours after fertilization, 26-35.5 hours after hatch. L4 larva worm_development WBls:0000038 L4 larva Ce The fourth stage larva. At 25 Centigrade, it ranges 40-49.5 hours after fertilization, 26-35.5 hours after hatch. WB:wjc The stage when an animal shifts from L4 larva to adult. It includes the synthesis of new cuticle, cease of phrayngeal pumping during a lethargus stage, and the shed off of old cuticle. L4-adult molt worm_development WBls:0000040 L4-adult molt Ce The stage when an animal shifts from L4 larva to adult. It includes the synthesis of new cuticle, cease of phrayngeal pumping during a lethargus stage, and the shed off of old cuticle. WB:wjc The stage that begins when a C.elegans individual is fully-developed and has reached maturity. adult worm_development WBls:0000041 adult Ce The stage that begins when a C.elegans individual is fully-developed and has reached maturity. WB:wjc The stage after an male animal is fully-developed and reaches maturity. adult male worm_development WBls:0000056 adult male Ce The stage after an male animal is fully-developed and reaches maturity. WB:wjc The stage after an hermaphrodite animal is fully-developed and reaches maturity. adult hermaphrodite worm_development WBls:0000057 adult hermaphrodite Ce The stage after an hermaphrodite animal is fully-developed and reaches maturity. WB:wjc danielaraciti worm_development WBls:0000075 worm life stage Any developmental stage in a nematode, including embryo, larva and adult stage. danielaraciti 2013-11-25T06:13:37Z all stages nematode nematode developmental stage worm_development WBls:0000101 Nematode life stage Any developmental stage in a nematode, including embryo, larva and adult stage. WB:dr WB:jl The whole period of embryogenesis, from the formation of an egg till its hatch. danielaraciti 2013-11-25T06:14:14Z embryo nematode nematode egg stage worm_development WBls:0000102 nematode embryo The whole period of embryogenesis, from the formation of an egg till its hatch. WB:dr The stage after hatch till death. danielaraciti 2013-11-25T06:14:39Z worm_development WBls:0000103 postembryonic nematode The stage after hatch till death. WB:dr The nematode life-stage that begins when the organism is fully-developed and has reached maturity. danielaraciti 2013-11-25T06:18:53Z L5 adult nematode worm_development WBls:0000104 nematode adult The nematode life-stage that begins when the organism is fully-developed and has reached maturity. WB:dr The stage that begins after hatching and ends when the nematode becomes adult. danielaraciti 2013-11-25T06:19:27Z larval stage larva nematode nematode larva worm_development WBls:0000105 nematode larval stage The stage that begins after hatching and ends when the nematode becomes adult. WB:dr The first stage larva of nematodes. danielaraciti 2013-11-25T06:20:28Z L1 larva nematode worm_development WBls:0000106 L1 larval stage The first stage larva of nematodes. WB:dr The second stage larva of nematodes. danielaraciti 2013-11-25T06:20:54Z L2 larva nematode worm_development WBls:0000107 L2 larval stage The second stage larva of nematodes. WB:dr The third stage larva of nematodes. danielaraciti 2013-11-25T06:21:33Z L3 larva nematode worm_development WBls:0000108 L3 larval stage The third stage larva of nematodes. WB:dr The fourth stage larva of nematodes. danielaraciti 2013-11-25T06:22:48Z L4 larva nematode worm_development WBls:0000109 L4 larval stage The fourth stage larva of nematodes. WB:dr Sheathed microfilaria larvae are surrounded by a membrane thought to be derived from the vitelline membrane. danielaraciti 2013-11-25T06:23:23Z sheathed microfilaria nematode sheathed microfilariae worm_development WBls:0000110 sheathed microfilaria Sheathed microfilaria larvae are surrounded by a membrane thought to be derived from the vitelline membrane. WB:dr An early stage in the life cycle of some parasitic nematodes which develops from the egg and precedes the L1 stage. danielaraciti 2014-11-25T09:23:44Z MF microfilaria nematode microfilariae worm_development WBls:0000664 Anderson, R.C. (2000) Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates: Their Development and Transmission. Second Edition. CABI Publishing: Wallingford, England, pp. 472-475. microfilaria An early stage in the life cycle of some parasitic nematodes which develops from the egg and precedes the L1 stage. WB:dr WB:jl danielaraciti 2014-11-26T11:49:22Z unfertilized egg worm_development WBls:0000669 unfertilized egg Ce A C. elegans life stage that occurs during embryogenesis worm_development WBls:0000803 C. elegans life stage occurring during embryogenesis A C. elegans life stage that occurs during embryogenesis WB:WBPerson2987 A C. elegans life stage that occurs after embryogenesis worm_development WBls:0000804 C. elegans life stage occurring post embryogenesis A C. elegans life stage that occurs after embryogenesis WB:WBPerson2987 A C. elegans life stage that occurs during the elongating embryo life stage worm_development WBls:0000805 C. elegans life stage occurring during elongating embryo A C. elegans life stage that occurs during the elongating embryo life stage WB:WBPerson2987 A C. elegans life stage that occurs during the 1.5-fold embryo life stage worm_development WBls:0000806 C. elegans life stage occurring during 1.5-fold embryo A C. elegans life stage that occurs during the 1.5-fold embryo life stage WB:WBPerson2987 A C. elegans life stage that occurs during the 2-fold embryo life stage worm_development WBls:0000807 C. elegans life stage occurring during 2-fold embryo A C. elegans life stage that occurs during the 2-fold embryo life stage WB:WBPerson2987 A C. elegans life stage that occurs during the 3-fold embryo life stage worm_development WBls:0000808 C. elegans life stage occurring during 3-fold embryo A C. elegans life stage that occurs during the 3-fold embryo life stage WB:WBPerson2987 A C. elegans life stage that occurs during the bean embryo life stage worm_development WBls:0000809 C. elegans life stage occurring during bean embryo A C. elegans life stage that occurs during the bean embryo life stage WB:WBPerson2987 A C. elegans life stage that occurs during the comma embryo life stage worm_development WBls:0000810 C. elegans life stage occurring during comma embryo A C. elegans life stage that occurs during the comma embryo life stage WB:WBPerson2987 A C. elegans life stage that occurs during the fully-elongating embryo life stage worm_development WBls:0000811 C. elegans life stage occurring during fully-elongated embryo A C. elegans life stage that occurs during the fully-elongating embryo life stage WB:WBPerson2987 A C. elegans life stage that occurs during the proliferating embryo life stage worm_development WBls:0000812 C. elegans life stage occurring during proliferating embryo A C. elegans life stage that occurs during the proliferating embryo life stage WB:WBPerson2987 A C. elegans life stage that occurs during the blastula embryo life stage worm_development WBls:0000813 C. elegans life stage occurring during blastula embryo A C. elegans life stage that occurs during the blastula embryo life stage WB:WBPerson2987 A C. elegans life stage that occurs during the gastrulating embryo life stage worm_development WBls:0000814 C. elegans life stage occurring during gastrulation A C. elegans life stage that occurs during the gastrulating embryo life stage WB:WBPerson2987 A C. elegans life stage that occurs during the enclosing embryo life stage worm_development WBls:0000815 C. elegans life stage occurring during enclosing embryo A C. elegans life stage that occurs during the enclosing embryo life stage WB:WBPerson2987 A C. elegans life stage that occurs during the adult life stage worm_development WBls:0000816 C. elegans life stage occurring during adulthood A C. elegans life stage that occurs during the adult life stage WB:WBPerson2987 A C. elegans life stage that occurs during the larval life stage worm_development WBls:0000817 C. elegans life stage occurring during larval stage A C. elegans life stage that occurs during the larval life stage WB:WBPerson2987 A C. elegans life stage that occurs during the L1 larval life stage worm_development WBls:0000818 C. elegans life stage occurring during L1 larval stage A C. elegans life stage that occurs during the L1 larval life stage WB:WBPerson2987 A C. elegans life stage that occurs during the L2 larval life stage worm_development WBls:0000819 C. elegans life stage occurring during L2 larval stage A C. elegans life stage that occurs during the L2 larval life stage WB:WBPerson2987 A C. elegans life stage that occurs during the L3 larval life stage worm_development WBls:0000820 C. elegans life stage occurring during L3 larval stage A C. elegans life stage that occurs during the L3 larval life stage WB:WBPerson2987 A C. elegans life stage that occurs during the L4 larval life stage worm_development WBls:0000821 C. elegans life stage occurring during L4 larval stage A C. elegans life stage that occurs during the L4 larval life stage WB:WBPerson2987 C. elegans life stage classified by the number of cells in the organism. worm_development WBls:0000823 C. elegans life stage by number of cells C. elegans life stage classified by the number of cells in the organism. WB:WBPerson2987 C. elegans life stage that occurs during a larval molt worm_development WBls:0000824 C. elegans life stage occurring during larval molt C. elegans life stage that occurs during a larval molt WB:WBPerson2987 A life stage of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans worm_development WBls:0000825 C. elegans life stage A life stage of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans WB:WBPerson2987 ncbi_taxonomy This is an abstract class for use with the NCBI taxonomy to name the depth of the node within the tree. The link between the node term and the rank is only visible if you are using an obo 1.3 aware browser/editor; otherwise this can be ignored. taxonomic rank example to be eventually removed The term was used in an attempt to structure part of the ontology but in retrospect failed to do a good job Person:Alan Ruttenberg failed exploratory term Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete. metadata complete term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release organizational term Class has undergone final review, is ready for use, and will be included in the next release. Any class lacking "ready_for_release" should be considered likely to change place in hierarchy, have its definition refined, or be obsoleted in the next release. Those classes deemed "ready_for_release" will also derived from a chain of ancestor classes that are also "ready_for_release." ready for release Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors. metadata incomplete Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term. uncurated All definitions, placement in the asserted IS_A hierarchy and required minimal metadata are complete. The class is awaiting a final review by someone other than the term editor. pending final vetting Core is an instance of a grouping of terms from an ontology or ontologies. It is used by the ontology to identify main classes. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Melanie Courtot core placeholder removed An editor note should explain what were the merged terms and the reason for the merge. terms merged This is to be used when the original term has been replaced by a term imported from an other ontology. An editor note should indicate what is the URI of the new term to use. term imported This is to be used when a term has been split in two or more new terms. An editor note should indicate the reason for the split and indicate the URIs of the new terms created. term split This is to be used if none of the existing instances cover the reason for obsolescence. An editor note should indicate this new reason. We expect to be able to mine these new reasons and add instances as required. other true Hard to give a definition for. Intuitively a "natural kind" rather than a collection of any old things, which a class is able to be, formally. At the meta level, universals are defined as positives, are disjoint with their siblings, have single asserted parents. Alan Ruttenberg A Formal Theory of Substances, Qualities, and Universals, http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bfo/SQU.pdf universal A defined class is a class that is defined by a set of logically necessary and sufficient conditions but is not a universal "definitions", in some readings, always are given by necessary and sufficient conditions. So one must be careful (and this is difficult sometimes) to distinguish between defined classes and universal. Alan Ruttenberg defined class A named class expression is a logical expression that is given a name. The name can be used in place of the expression. named class expressions are used in order to have more concise logical definition but their extensions may not be interesting classes on their own. In languages such as OWL, with no provisions for macros, these show up as actuall classes. Tools may with to not show them as such, and to replace uses of the macros with their expansions Alan Ruttenberg named class expression Terms with this status should eventually replaced with a term from another ontology. Alan Ruttenberg group:OBI to be replaced with external ontology term A term that is metadata complete, has been reviewed, and problems have been identified that require discussion before release. Such a term requires editor note(s) to identify the outstanding issues. Alan Ruttenberg group:OBI requires discussion ## Elucidation This is used when the statement/axiom is assumed to hold true 'eternally' ## How to interpret (informal) First the "atemporal" FOL is derived from the OWL using the standard interpretation. This axiom is temporalized by embedding the axiom within a for-all-times quantified sentence. The t argument is added to all instantiation predicates and predicates that use this relation. ## Example Class: nucleus SubClassOf: part_of some cell forall t : forall n : instance_of(n,Nucleus,t) implies exists c : instance_of(c,Cell,t) part_of(n,c,t) ## Notes This interpretation is *not* the same as an at-all-times relation axiom holds for all times 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 true MF(X)-directly_regulates->MF(Y)-enabled_by->GP(Z) => MF(Y)-has_input->GP(Y) e.g. if 'protein kinase activity'(X) directly_regulates 'protein binding activity (Y)and this is enabled by GP(Z) then X has_input Z infer input from direct reg GP(X)-enables->MF(Y)-has_part->MF(Z) => GP(X) enables MF(Z), e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase coupled transporter activity' has_part 'ATPase activity' then GP(X) enables 'ATPase activity' enabling an MF enables its parts true GP(X)-enables->MF(Y)-part_of->BP(Z) => GP(X) involved_in BP(Z) e.g. if X enables 'protein kinase activity' and Y 'part of' 'signal tranduction' then X involved in 'signal transduction' involved in BP From ligand activity to has_ligand This rule is dubious: added as a quick fix for expected inference in GO-CAM. The problem is most acute for transmembrane proteins, such as receptors or cell adhesion molecules, which have some subfunctions inside the cell (e.g. kinase activity) and some subfunctions outside (e.g. ligand binding). Correct annotation of where these functions occurs leads to incorrect inference about the location of the whole protein. This should probably be weakened to "... -> overlaps" If a molecular function (X) has a regulatory subfunction, then any gene product which is an input to that subfunction has an activity that directly_regulates X. Note: this is intended for cases where the regaultory subfunction is protein binding, so it could be tightened with an additional clause to specify this. inferring direct reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction inferring direct neg reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction inferring direct positive reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction From has_ligand to ligand activity effector input is compound function input Input of effector is input of its parent MF if effector directly regulates X, its parent MF directly regulates X if effector directly positively regulates X, its parent MF directly positively regulates X if effector directly negatively regulates X, its parent MF directly negatively regulates X 'causally downstream of' and 'overlaps' should be disjoint properties (a SWRL rule is required because these are non-simple properties). 'causally upstream of' and 'overlaps' should be disjoint properties (a SWRL rule is required because these are non-simple properties).