Ontology of plant gall phenotypes. Plant galls are novel plant structures, generated by plants in response to biotic stressors. This ontology is used to annotate gall phenotypes (e.g., their colors, textures, sizes, locations on the plant) in a semantic way, in order to facilitate discoveries about the genetic and physiologic mechanisms responsible for such phenotypes. The ontology can also be used as a controlled vocabulary for natural language descriptions of plant galls. Plant Gall Ontology 2024-04-19 definition The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. 2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> definition definition alternative label A label for a class or property that can be used to refer to the class or property instead of the preferred rdfs:label. Alternative labels should be used to indicate community- or context-specific labels, abbreviations, shorthand forms and the like. OBO Operations committee PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> Consider re-defing to: An alternative name for a class or property which can mean the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent, narrow, broad or related). alternative label alternative term If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then it also holds that R -> P o Q. Note that this cannot be expressed directly in OWL is a defining property chain axiom If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then (1) R -> P o Q holds and (2) Q is either reflexive or locally reflexive. A corollary of this is that P SubPropertyOf R. is a defining property chain axiom where second argument is reflexive description license title An alternative label for a class or property which has the exact same meaning than the preferred name/primary label. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/20 has exact synonym has_exact_synonym https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/20 An alternative label for a class or property that has been used synonymously with the primary term name, but the usage is not strictly correct. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/21 has related synonym has_related_synonym https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/21 is part of my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity) this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a part and its whole Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'. part_of BFO:0000050 external plant_ontology quality part_of part_of part of part of part_of http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:part_of https://wiki.geneontology.org/Part_of has part my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity) this year has part this day (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a whole and its part Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'. has_part BFO:0000051 external plant_ontology quality has_part has_part has part has part has_part preceded by The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other. is preceded by preceded_by http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:preceded_by Laurel_Cooper 2013-07-09T14:29:15Z BFO:0000062 external plant_ontology preceded_by preceded_by Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other. preceded by preceded by preceded_by The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. POC:Laurel_Cooper precedes x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. Laurel_Cooper 2015-06-04T17:18:40Z BFO:0000063 external plant_ontology precedes precedes precedes precedes 2024-01-24T01:49:45Z Relationship that specifies which organism is associated with a class. has associate induced by has seasonal maturity has seasonal emergence inheres in this fragility is a characteristic of this vase this red color is a characteristic of this apple a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence. inheres_in Note that this relation was previously called "inheres in", but was changed to be called "characteristic of" because BFO2 uses "inheres in" in a more restricted fashion. This relation differs from BFO2:inheres_in in two respects: (1) it does not impose a range constraint, and thus it allows qualities of processes, as well as of information entities, whereas BFO2 restricts inheres_in to only apply to independent continuants (2) it is declared functional, i.e. something can only be a characteristic of one thing. characteristic of bearer of this apple is bearer of this red color this vase is bearer of this fragility Inverse of characteristic_of A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist. bearer_of is bearer of RO:0000053 external bearer_of bearer_of bearer of has characteristic has characteristic https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/pull/284 participates in this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation this input material (or this output material) participates in this process this investigator participates in this investigation a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process participates_in RO:0000056 external plant_ontology participates_in participates_in participates in participates in participates_in has participant this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot this investigation has participant this investigator this process has participant this input material (or this output material) a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time. has_participant http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant RO:0000057 external plant_ontology has_participant has_participant has participant has participant has_participant this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. function_of is function of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. function of this red color is a quality of this apple a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists. is quality of quality_of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. quality of this investigator role is a role of this person a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. is role of role_of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. role of this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. has_function has function this apple has quality this red color a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist. has_quality has quality this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. has_role has role a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence has disposition inverse of has disposition This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. disposition of A 'has regulatory component activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is regulated by B. 2017-05-24T09:30:46Z RO:0002013 external has_regulatory_component_activity has_regulatory_component_activity has regulatory component activity A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that negatively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is negatively regulated by B. 2017-05-24T09:31:01Z RO:0002014 external has_negative_regulatory_component_activity has_negative_regulatory_component_activity By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function. Internal regulatory functions are treated as components. For example, NMDA glutmate receptor activity is a cation channel activity with positive regulatory component 'glutamate binding' and negative regulatory components including 'zinc binding' and 'magnesium binding'. has negative regulatory component activity A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that positively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is positively regulated by B. 2017-05-24T09:31:17Z By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function and internal regulatory functions are treated as components. So, for example calmodulin has a protein binding activity that has positive regulatory component activity calcium binding activity. Receptor tyrosine kinase activity is a tyrosine kinase activity that has positive regulatory component 'ligand binding'. has positive regulatory component activity 2017-05-24T09:44:33Z A 'has component activity' B if A is A and B are molecular functions (GO_0003674) and A has_component B. has component activity w 'has process component' p if p and w are processes, w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. 2017-05-24T09:49:21Z has component process 2017-09-17T13:52:24Z Process(P2) is directly regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. directly regulated by Process(P2) is directly regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1. 2017-09-17T13:52:38Z directly negatively regulated by Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1. Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1. 2017-09-17T13:52:47Z directly positively regulated by Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1. A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity. 2017-09-22T14:14:36Z This relation is designed for constructing compound molecular functions, typically in combination with one or more regulatory component activity relations. has effector activity A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity. David Osumi-Sutherland X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X) ends after David Osumi-Sutherland starts_at_end_of RO:0002087 external immediately_preceded_by immediately_preceded_by X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately preceded by immediately preceded by David Osumi-Sutherland ends_at_start_of meets RO:0002090 external immediately_precedes immediately_precedes X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately precedes immediately precedes x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ?Y) RO:0002131 external overlaps overlaps overlaps overlaps true x only in taxon y if and only if x is in taxon y, and there is no other organism z such that y!=z a and x is in taxon z. RO:0002160 plant_ontology only_in_taxon only_in_taxon only in taxon only_in_taxon x is in taxon y if an only if y is an organism, and the relationship between x and y is one of: part of (reflexive), developmentally preceded by, derives from, secreted by, expressed. in taxon w 'has component' p if w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. The definition of 'has component' is still under discussion. The challenge is in providing a definition that does not imply transitivity. For use in recording has_part with a cardinality constraint, because OWL does not permit cardinality constraints to be used in combination with transitive object properties. In situations where you would want to say something like 'has part exactly 5 digit, you would instead use has_component exactly 5 digit. RO:0002180 external has_component has_component has component has component x develops from y if and only if either (a) x directly develops from y or (b) there exists some z such that x directly develops from z and z develops from y RO:0002202 plant_ontology develops_from develops_from develops from develops_from inverse of develops from develops into p regulates q iff p is causally upstream of q, the execution of p is not constant and varies according to specific conditions, and p influences the rate or magnitude of execution of q due to an effect either on some enabler of q or some enabler of a part of q. GO Regulation precludes parthood; the regulatory process may not be within the regulated process. regulates (processual) false RO:0002211 external regulates regulates regulates regulates p negatively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p decreases the rate or magnitude of execution of q. negatively regulates (process to process) RO:0002212 external negatively_regulates negatively_regulates negatively regulates negatively regulates p positively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p increases the rate or magnitude of execution of q. positively regulates (process to process) RO:0002213 external positively_regulates positively_regulates positively regulates positively regulates mechanosensory neuron capable of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050974) osteoclast SubClassOf 'capable of' some 'bone resorption' A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process. has function realized in For compatibility with BFO, this relation has a shortcut definition in which the expression "capable of some P" expands to "bearer_of (some realized_by only P)". RO:0002215 external capable_of capable_of capable of capable of c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p. has function in RO:0002216 external capable_of_part_of capable_of_part_of capable of part of capable of part of true Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for relations between occurrents involving the relative timing of their starts and ends. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kBv1ep_9g3sTR-SD3jqzFqhuwo9TPNF-l-9fUDbO6rM/edit?pli=1 A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations. temporally related to p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p. consumes RO:0002233 external has_input has_input has input has input https://wiki.geneontology.org/Has_input x has developmental contribution from y iff x has some part z such that z develops from y has developmental contribution from inverse of has developmental contribution from developmentally contributes to Candidate definition: x developmentally related to y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participates in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p X developmentally related to y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participates in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p. Laurel_Cooper 2013-06-27T13:16:56Z RO:0002258 plant_ontology developmentally_preceded_by developmentally_preceded_by developmentally preceded by developmentally_preceded_by X developmentally related to y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participates in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p. RO:0002258 A faulty traffic light (material entity) whose malfunctioning (a process) is causally upstream of a traffic collision (a process): the traffic light acts upstream of the collision. c acts upstream of p if and only if c enables some f that is involved in p' and p' occurs chronologically before p, is not part of p, and affects the execution of p. c is a material entity and f, p, p' are processes. acts upstream of A gene product that has some activity, where that activity may be a part of a pathway or upstream of the pathway. c acts upstream of or within p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of or within p. c is a material entity and p is an process. affects acts upstream of or within https://wiki.geneontology.org/Acts_upstream_of_or_within Inverse of developmentally preceded by developmentally succeeded by p is causally upstream of, positive effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p is required for the execution of q. RO:0002304 external causally_upstream_of,_positive_effect causally_upstream_of,_positive_effect holds between x and y if and only if x is causally upstream of y and the progression of x increases the frequency, rate or extent of y causally upstream of, positive effect p is causally upstream of, negative effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p decreases the execution of q. RO:0002305 external causally_upstream_of,_negative_effect causally_upstream_of,_negative_effect causally upstream of, negative effect q characteristic of part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w. Because part_of is transitive, inheres in is a sub-relation of characteristic of part of inheres in part of characteristic of part of true A relationship that holds via some environmental process evolutionarily related to A relationship that is mediated in some way by the environment or environmental feature (ENVO:00002297) Awaiting class for domain/range constraint, see: https://github.com/OBOFoundry/Experimental-OBO-Core/issues/6 Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving ecological interactions ecologically related to A mereological relationship or a topological relationship Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving parthood or connectivity relationships mereotopologically related to A relationship that holds between entities participating in some developmental process (GO:0032502) developmentally related to a particular instances of akt-2 enables some instance of protein kinase activity c enables p iff c is capable of p and c acts to execute p. catalyzes executes has is catalyzing is executing This relation differs from the parent relation 'capable of' in that the parent is weaker and only expresses a capability that may not be actually realized, whereas this relation is always realized. enables https://wiki.geneontology.org/Enables A grouping relationship for any relationship directly involving a function, or that holds because of a function of one of the related entities. This is a grouping relation that collects relations used for the purpose of connecting structure and function functionally related to this relation holds between c and p when c is part of some c', and c' is capable of p. false part of structure that is capable of true c involved_in p if and only if c enables some process p', and p' is part of p actively involved in enables part of involved in https://wiki.geneontology.org/Involved_in inverse of enables enabled by enabled by https://wiki.geneontology.org/Enabled_by inverse of regulates regulated by (processual) RO:0002334 external regulated_by regulated_by regulated by regulated by inverse of negatively regulates RO:0002335 external negatively_regulated_by negatively_regulated_by negatively regulated by negatively regulated by inverse of positively regulates RO:0002336 external positively_regulated_by positively_regulated_by positively regulated by positively regulated by inverse of has input input of x has developmental potential involving y iff x is capable of a developmental process with output y. y may be the successor of x, or may be a different structure in the vicinity (as for example in the case of developmental induction). has developmental potential involving x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y has potential to developmentally contribute to x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y has potential to develop into x has potential to directly develop into y iff x directly develops into y or x is capable of directly developing into y has potential to directly develop into inverse of upstream of RO:0002404 external causally_downstream_of causally_downstream_of causally downstream of causally downstream of RO:0002405 external immediately_causally_downstream_of immediately_causally_downstream_of immediately causally downstream of immediately causally downstream of p indirectly positively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p positively regulates q. indirectly activates indirectly positively regulates https://wiki.geneontology.org/Indirectly_positively_regulates p indirectly negatively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p negatively regulates q. indirectly inhibits indirectly negatively regulates https://wiki.geneontology.org/Indirectly_negatively_regulates relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause. This branch of the ontology deals with causal relations between entities. It is divided into two branches: causal relations between occurrents/processes, and causal relations between material entities. We take an 'activity flow-centric approach', with the former as primary, and define causal relations between material entities in terms of causal relations between occurrents. To define causal relations in an activity-flow type network, we make use of 3 primitives: * Temporal: how do the intervals of the two occurrents relate? * Is the causal relation regulatory? * Is the influence positive or negative? The first of these can be formalized in terms of the Allen Interval Algebra. Informally, the 3 bins we care about are 'direct', 'indirect' or overlapping. Note that all causal relations should be classified under a RO temporal relation (see the branch under 'temporally related to'). Note that all causal relations are temporal, but not all temporal relations are causal. Two occurrents can be related in time without being causally connected. We take causal influence to be primitive, elucidated as being such that has the upstream changed, some qualities of the donwstream would necessarily be modified. For the second, we consider a relationship to be regulatory if the system in which the activities occur is capable of altering the relationship to achieve some objective. This could include changing the rate of production of a molecule. For the third, we consider the effect of the upstream process on the output(s) of the downstream process. If the level of output is increased, or the rate of production of the output is increased, then the direction is increased. Direction can be positive, negative or neutral or capable of either direction. Two positives in succession yield a positive, two negatives in succession yield a positive, otherwise the default assumption is that the net effect is canceled and the influence is neutral. Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different relation types. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causally related to relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality p is causally upstream of q iff p is causally related to q, the end of p precedes the end of q, and p is not an occurrent part of q. RO:0002411 external causally_upstream_of causally_upstream_of causally upstream of causally upstream of p is immediately causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q, and the end of p is coincident with the beginning of q. RO:0002412 external immediately_causally_upstream_of immediately_causally_upstream_of immediately causally upstream of immediately causally upstream of p is 'causally upstream or within' q iff p is causally related to q, and the end of p precedes, or is coincident with, the end of q. We would like to make this disjoint with 'preceded by', but this is prohibited in OWL2 influences (processual) RO:0002418 external affects causally_upstream_of_or_within causally_upstream_of_or_within causally upstream of or within inverse of causally upstream of or within RO:0002427 external causally_downstream_of_or_within causally_downstream_of_or_within causally downstream of or within c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' regulates some p involved in regulation of c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' positively regulates some p involved in positive regulation of c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' negatively regulates some p involved in negative regulation of c involved in or regulates p if and only if either (i) c is involved in p or (ii) c is involved in regulation of p OWL does not allow defining object properties via a Union involved in or reguates involved in or involved in regulation of A relationship that holds between two entities in which the processes executed by the two entities are causally connected. This relation and all sub-relations can be applied to either (1) pairs of entities that are interacting at any moment of time (2) populations or species of entity whose members have the disposition to interact (3) classes whose members have the disposition to interact. Considering relabeling as 'pairwise interacts with' Note that this relationship type, and sub-relationship types may be redundant with process terms from other ontologies. For example, the symbiotic relationship hierarchy parallels GO. The relations are provided as a convenient shortcut. Consider using the more expressive processual form to capture your data. In the future, these relations will be linked to their cognate processes through rules. in pairwise interaction with interacts with http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/interaction-relations/ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0914 An interaction relationship in which the two partners are molecular entities that directly physically interact with each other for example via a stable binding interaction or a brief interaction during which one modifies the other. binds molecularly binds with molecularly interacts with http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0915 An interaction relationship in which at least one of the partners is an organism and the other is either an organism or an abiotic entity with which the organism interacts. interacts with on organism level biotically interacts with http://eol.org/schema/terms/interactsWith A biotic interaction in which the two organisms live together in more or less intimate association. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19278549 We follow GO and PAMGO in using 'symbiosis' as the broad term encompassing mutualism through parasitism symbiotically interacts with Axiomatization to GO to be added later An interaction relation between x and y in which x catalyzes a reaction in which a phosphate group is added to y. phosphorylates The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A regulates the kinase activity of B. A and B can be physically interacting but not necessarily. Immediately upstream means there are no intermediate entity between A and B. molecularly controls directly regulates activity of The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that negatively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A negatively regulates the kinase activity of B. directly inhibits molecularly decreases activity of directly negatively regulates activity of The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that positively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regulates the kinase activity of B. directly activates molecularly increases activity of directly positively regulates activity of The term host is usually used for the larger (macro) of the two members of a symbiosis (GO) host of X 'has host' y if and only if: x is an organism, y is an organism, and x can live on the surface of or within the body of y has host http://eol.org/schema/terms/hasHost This property or its subproperties is not to be used directly. These properties exist as helper properties that are used to support OWL reasoning. helper property (not for use in curation) is kinase activity A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process causal agent in process p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one where the execution of p influences the execution of q. p may be upstream, downstream, part of, or a container of q. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between processes depends on The intent is that the process branch of the causal property hierarchy is primary (causal relations hold between occurrents/processes), and that the material branch is defined in terms of the process branch Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between entities causally influenced by (entity-centric) causally influenced by interaction relation helper property http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/interaction-relations/ molecular interaction relation helper property The entity or characteristic A is causally upstream of the entity or characteristic B, A having an effect on B. An entity corresponds to any biological type of entity as long as a mass is measurable. A characteristic corresponds to a particular specificity of an entity (e.g., phenotype, shape, size). causally influences (entity-centric) causally influences participates in a biotic-biotic interaction with p directly regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q and p regulates q. directly regulates (processual) RO:0002578 external directly_regulates directly_regulates directly regulates gland SubClassOf 'has part structure that is capable of' some 'secretion by cell' s 'has part structure that is capable of' p if and only if there exists some part x such that s 'has part' x and x 'capable of' p has part structure that is capable of A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between material entity and a process pyrethroid -> growth Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a regulates p. capable of regulating Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a negatively regulates p. capable of negatively regulating renin -> arteriolar smooth muscle contraction Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a positively regulates p. capable of positively regulating Inverse of 'causal agent in process' RO:0002608 external process_has_causal_agent process_has_causal_agent process has causal agent p directly positively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p positively regulates q. directly positively regulates (process to process) RO:0002629 external directly_positively_regulates directly_positively_regulates directly positively regulates https://wiki.geneontology.org/Directly_positively_regulates p directly negatively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p negatively regulates q. directly negatively regulates (process to process) RO:0002630 external directly_negatively_regulates directly_negatively_regulates directly negatively regulates https://wiki.geneontology.org/Directly_negatively_regulates Holds between an entity and an process P where the entity enables some larger compound process, and that larger process has-part P. 2018-01-25T23:20:13Z enables subfunction 2018-01-26T23:49:30Z acts upstream of or within, positive effect https://wiki.geneontology.org/Acts_upstream_of_or_within,_positive_effect 2018-01-26T23:49:51Z acts upstream of or within, negative effect https://wiki.geneontology.org/Acts_upstream_of_or_within,_negative_effect c 'acts upstream of, positive effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is positive 2018-01-26T23:53:14Z acts upstream of, positive effect https://wiki.geneontology.org/Acts_upstream_of,_positive_effect c 'acts upstream of, negative effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is negative 2018-01-26T23:53:22Z acts upstream of, negative effect https://wiki.geneontology.org/Acts_upstream_of,_negative_effect 2018-03-13T23:55:05Z causally upstream of or within, negative effect https://wiki.geneontology.org/Causally_upstream_of_or_within,_negative_effect 2018-03-13T23:55:19Z causally upstream of or within, positive effect The entity A has an activity that regulates an activity of the entity B. For example, A and B are gene products where the catalytic activity of A regulates the kinase activity of B. regulates activity of p is indirectly causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q and there exists some process r such that p is causally upstream of r and r is causally upstream of q. 2022-09-26T06:07:17Z indirectly causally upstream of p indirectly regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p regulates q. 2022-09-26T06:08:01Z indirectly regulates q1 different_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) NOT =~ magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. different in magnitude relative to q1 different_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) NOT =~ magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 q1 increased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) > magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. This relation is used to determine the 'directionality' of relative qualities such as 'increased strength', relative to the parent type, 'strength'. increased in magnitude relative to q1 increased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) > magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 s3 has_cross_section s3 if and only if : there exists some 2d plane that intersects the bearer of s3, and the impression of s3 upon that plane has shape quality s2. Example: a spherical object has the quality of being spherical, and the spherical quality has_cross_section round. has cross section s3 has_cross_section s3 if and only if : there exists some 2d plane that intersects the bearer of s3, and the impression of s3 upon that plane has shape quality s2. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 q1 reciprocal_of q2 if and only if : q1 and q2 are relational qualities and a phenotype e q1 e2 mutually implies a phenotype e2 q2 e. There are frequently two ways to state the same thing: we can say 'spermatocyte lacks asters' or 'asters absent from spermatocyte'. In this case the quality is 'lacking all parts of type' - it is a (relational) quality of the spermatocyte, and it is with respect to instances of 'aster'. One of the popular requirements of PATO is that it continue to support 'absent', so we need to relate statements which use this quality to the 'lacking all parts of type' quality. reciprocal of q1 reciprocal_of q2 if and only if : q1 and q2 are relational qualities and a phenotype e q1 e2 mutually implies a phenotype e2 q2 e. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A diagnostic testing device utilizes a specimen. X device utilizes material Y means X and Y are material entities, and X is capable of some process P that has input Y. A diagnostic testing device utilizes a specimen means that the diagnostic testing device is capable of an assay, and this assay a specimen as its input. See github ticket https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/issues/497 2021-11-08T12:00:00Z utilizes device utilizes material A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in the existence of C OR affects the intensity or magnitude of C. RO:0019000 gene_ontology regulates_characteristic regulates_characteristic regulates characteristic A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) positively regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in an increase in the intensity or magnitude of C. RO:0019001 gene_ontology positively_regulates_characteristic positively_regulates_characteristic positively regulates characteristic A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) negatively regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in a decrease in the intensity or magnitude of C. RO:0019002 gene_ontology negatively_regulates_characteristic negatively_regulates_characteristic negatively regulates characteristic 2024-03-27T01:25:52Z hasDiameterInMm 2024-04-11T14:02:15Z For use with integral galls hasLengthInMm 2024-03-27T17:30:29Z hasHeightInMm entity Entity Julius Caesar Verdi’s Requiem the Second World War your body mass index BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81 Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001]) entity Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf per discussion with Barry Smith An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001]) An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. continuant occurrent Occurrent An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. BFO 2 Reference: every occurrent that is not a temporal or spatiotemporal region is s-dependent on some independent continuant that is not a spatial region BFO 2 Reference: s-dependence obtains between every process and its participants in the sense that, as a matter of necessity, this process could not have existed unless these or those participants existed also. A process may have a succession of participants at different phases of its unfolding. Thus there may be different players on the field at different times during the course of a football game; but the process which is the entire game s-depends_on all of these players nonetheless. Some temporal parts of this process will s-depend_on on only some of the players. Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process. Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame. An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002]) Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001]) b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001]) (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] occurrent Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process. per discussion with Barry Smith Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame. An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002]) Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001]) b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001]) (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. independent continuant t-region TemporalRegion Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensional A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001]) All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001]) Every temporal region t is such that t occupies_temporal_region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [119-002]) (forall (r) (if (TemporalRegion r) (occupiesTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [119-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (TemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (TemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [101-001] (forall (x) (if (TemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [100-001] temporal region Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensional per discussion with Barry Smith A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001]) All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001]) Every temporal region t is such that t occupies_temporal_region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [119-002]) (forall (r) (if (TemporalRegion r) (occupiesTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [119-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (TemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (TemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [101-001] (forall (x) (if (TemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [100-001] p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. process disposition A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances. realizable realizable entity quality b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. characteristic specifically dependent continuant https://github.com/OBOFoundry/COB/issues/65 https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/pull/284 A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts. role function 1d-t-region OneDimensionalTemporalRegion the temporal region during which a process occurs. BFO 2 Reference: A temporal interval is a special kind of one-dimensional temporal region, namely one that is self-connected (is without gaps or breaks). A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is extended. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [103-001]) (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [103-001] one-dimensional temporal region A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is extended. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [103-001]) (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [103-001] An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. material entity Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures. anatomical space asexual organism gonochoristic organism season A gall trait in which the gall parenchyma is juicy, as in the tissue of some fruits (for example grapes, starfruit). succulent Updated the class definition to reflect that this structure is a response to biotic stress DEPRECATED plant gall true An anatomical space that is an opening through which a gall-inhabiting organism has emerged. 2023-06-19T19:43:46Z emergence hole A plant anatomical space that is located inside a gall. 2023-06-19T19:44:42Z plant gall cavity A gall structure that is attractive to another organism, usually ants, and which facilitates dispersal of the gall 2023-06-22T01:51:19Z kapéllo A gall structure wherein the gall inducer and/or its associates resides and which includes a portion of nutritive tissue. 2023-06-22T01:54:05Z larval chamber A larval chamber that is detached from the plant but enclosed in a cavity. 2023-06-22T02:01:48Z detached chamber A quality that inheres in the portion of a gall that is internal. 2023-06-23T21:16:13Z internal quality A gall trait in which a larval chamber is suspended medially in the parenchyma by radiating plant fibers inside a largely hollow chamber. 2023-06-24T01:32:39Z filamentous An internal gall trait in which a gall has a single larval chamber for the gall-inducing insect. single chambered unilocular 2023-06-24T01:37:35Z monothalamous An internal gall trait in which the tissue is reminiscent of pith, the relatively soft tissue at the center of a shoot axis. 2023-06-24T01:41:48Z pithy An internal gall trait in which more than one larval chamber is present for the inducer species. multi-celled multichambered multilocular 2023-06-24T01:44:34Z polythalamous An internal gall trait in which the gall lacks macroscopic anatomical space(s) that is/are not the larval chamber. 2023-06-24T01:58:04Z solid A gall quality in which a gall has nectaries present. 2023-06-24T02:13:52Z nectarous A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a shape resembling a canelé, a French pastry. 2023-06-25T00:21:14Z caneliform A shape inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer resembling a cup, with a depression and rim-like edge apically. cup-like 2023-06-25T00:30:40Z cupuliform A shape trait in which a gall has radiating, spine-like processes that resemble the spines of a sea urchin (cf. Cidaridae). 2023-06-25T00:38:13Z echinoform A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being shaped like a funnel, abruptly widening from a narrow cylindrical part, to a wider distal part. 2023-06-25T00:47:37Z infundibuliform A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being shaped like a lentil, with convex upper and lower surfaces. 2023-06-25T00:52:58Z lenticular A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's appearing semicircular in cross-section, flat on one side, rounded on the other. 2023-06-25T02:03:26Z semiterete A spatial pattern (or gall arrangement) in which adjacent objects (galls) are positioned in such a way that each gall cannot readily be distinguished as an individual. 2023-06-25T19:44:11Z confluent A color pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of bearer's being marked with one hue or degree of saturation near one pole and a different hue or degree of saturation at the opposite pole and a color gradient between the two poles. 2023-06-25T20:11:58Z linear color gradient A texture quality in which the surface is marked by alternating parallel ridges and grooves. ribbed 2023-06-26T21:21:38Z corrugated A texture quality in which the surface is marked by a network of cracks, as in craquelure. 2023-06-26T21:25:58Z crackled A surface feature shape in which a surface has a dimple, a depression or indentation on a surface. 2023-06-26T21:30:22Z dimpled A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that develops in response to a biotic stress (PSO:0000004). 2024-03-24T21:38:29Z plant gall A texture quality in which a surface is covered or partially by with facets. 2023-06-26T21:35:23Z faceted A texture quality in which a surface has the appearance and/or consistency of moss, especially those species in Polytrichaceae (Bryophyta). mossy 2023-06-26T21:41:40Z moss-like A texture quality in which a surface has the consistency and thickness of a paper bag (thin and dry). 2023-06-26T21:48:32Z papery A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being covered in short, dense, fine hairs, which give the appearance of felt. felted 2023-06-26T22:01:09Z felt-like A coating quality in which a surface is covered in a whitish, powdery film or dust. 2023-06-27T00:31:53Z pruinose A shedability quality in which a part can readily be detached from its location but it normally (in nature) stays attached; detachable. 2023-06-27T01:16:14Z semideciduous A structural quality inhering in an object by virtue of the object's susceptibility to breaks, without significant deformation (strain) when subjected to stress. 2023-06-27T01:41:01Z brittle logic needed to be fixed DEPRECATED erineum true A plant gall that is part of a leaf and which appears as a portion of swollen tissue, similar to a blister. 2023-08-01T22:15:28Z blister gall A plant gall that is located on a bud. 2023-08-01T22:23:57Z bud gall A plant gall that is monothalamous and solid, with a shape reminiscent of a bullet. Gall is usually subspherical or subelliptical in shape. 2023-08-01T22:28:40Z bullet gall A plant gall that has a detached larval chamber capable of rolling around a hollow chamber located inside the gall. 2023-08-02T01:35:34Z roly-poly gall A plant gall that is located on a bud and which consists of layers of scale leaves or similar phyllomes that surround the inducer's chamber. bunch gall 2023-08-02T01:43:13Z rosette gall 2024-03-25T19:27:00Z Acraspis erinacei (agamic) 2024-01-19T02:22:00Z A portion of plant tissue that is fed upon by a gall inhabitant. nutritive tissue A cavity that is occupied by one or more gall inhabitants. 2024-01-19T02:27:40Z larval cavity 2024-03-25T01:26:41Z Quercus sect. Quercus 2024-03-25T01:28:09Z Disholcaspis quercusglobulus (sexgen) 2024-03-25T01:28:48Z Disholcaspis quercusglobulus (agamic) 2024-03-25T19:27:17Z Acraspis erinacei (sexgen) 2024-03-25T19:39:17Z Aceria triplacis 2024-03-25T19:40:19Z Acraspis gemula A plant gall that is induced by mites (Acariformes) on leaves and which consists of an area of leaf epidermis that has increased hairiness. 2023-08-01T21:56:59Z erineum A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that has as parts multiple individual plant galls (GALLONT:0000025) in ane aggregation. 2024-04-11T14:32:57Z plant gall aggregate plant gall cluster A plant gall that is induced by an animal 2024-04-15T13:33:50Z zoocecidium An abscission zone (PO:0000146) that is part of a plant gall. 2024-04-18T13:34:27Z plant gall abscission zone A dehiscence zone that is part of a plant gall. This zone corresponds to the site of rupture in a plant gall. 2024-04-18T14:16:58Z plant gall dehiscence zone A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs. GO:0005554 molecular function molecular_function GO:0003674 Note that, in addition to forming the root of the molecular function ontology, this term is recommended for the annotation of gene products whose molecular function is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the molecular function of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this. Despite its name, this is not a type of 'function' in the sense typically defined by upper ontologies such as Basic Formal Ontology (BFO). It is instead a BFO:process carried out by a single gene product or complex. Note that, in addition to forming the root of the molecular function ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose molecular function is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the molecular function of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this. Despite its name, this is not a type of 'function' in the sense typically defined by upper ontologies such as Basic Formal Ontology (BFO). It is instead a BFO:process carried out by a single gene product or complex. This is the same as GO molecular function gene product or complex activity molecular_function A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs. GOC:pdt Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic. Wikipedia:Enzyme enzyme activity molecular_function GO:0003824 catalytic activity Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic. GOC:vw ISBN:0198506732 enzyme activity GOC:dph GOC:tb A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. A process that emerges from two or more causally-connected macromolecular activities and has evolved to achieve a biological objective. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24968 jl 2012-09-19T15:05:24Z GO:0000004 GO:0007582 GO:0044699 Wikipedia:Biological_process biological process physiological process biological_process single organism process single-organism process GO:0008150 A biological process is an evolved process Note that, in addition to forming the root of the biological process ontology, this term is recommended for the annotation of gene products whose biological process is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the biological process of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this. Note that, in addition to forming the root of the biological process ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose biological process is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the biological process of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this. biological process biological_process A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. GOC:pdt true Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. Reactome:R-HSA-6788855 Reactome:R-HSA-6788867 phosphokinase activity molecular_function GO:0016301 Note that this term encompasses all activities that transfer a single phosphate group; although ATP is by far the most common phosphate donor, reactions using other phosphate donors are included in this term. kinase activity Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. ISBN:0198506732 Reactome:R-HSA-6788855 FN3KRP phosphorylates PsiAm, RibAm Reactome:R-HSA-6788867 FN3K phosphorylates ketosamines Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2. EC:2.-.-.- Reactome:R-HSA-1483089 Reactome:R-HSA-1483186 Reactome:R-HSA-5668414 Reactome:R-HSA-8868783 molecular_function GO:0016740 transferase activity Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2. ISBN:0198506732 Reactome:R-HSA-1483089 PE is converted to PS by PTDSS2 Reactome:R-HSA-1483186 PC is converted to PS by PTDSS1 Reactome:R-HSA-5668414 TRAF2 ubiquitinates cIAP1,2 in cIAP1,2:TRAF1:TRAF2:TRAF3:NIK Reactome:R-HSA-8868783 TSR3 transfers aminocarboxypropyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to N(1)-methylpseudouridine-1248 of 18SE rRNA yielding N(1)-methyl-N(3)-aminocarboxypropylpseudouridine-1248 Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor). EC:2.7.-.- molecular_function GO:0016772 Note that this term encompasses all kinase activities, as well as activities that transfer other phosphorus-containing groups such as diphosphate or nucleotides. transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor). GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 curation status specification The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value. Better to represent curation as a process with parts and then relate labels to that process (in IAO meeting) PERSON:Bill Bug GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> OBI_0000266 curation status specification GC_ID:1 PMID:30365038 PMID:32761142 ncbi_taxonomy all NCBITaxon:1 root all Aceria GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:1206794 Ecdysozoa GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy biota NCBITaxon:131567 cellular organisms biota Disholcaspis Disholcaspis quercusglobulus Acraspis GC_ID:1 PMID:10874751 PMID:11557979 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:197562 Pancrustacea GC_ID:1 PMID:11557979 PMID:9727836 mandibulates ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:197563 Mandibulata mandibulates Acraspis erinacei GC_ID:1 PMID:23020233 PMID:30257078 eucaryotes eukaryotes ncbi_taxonomy Eucarya Eucaryotae Eukarya Eukaryotae eukaryotes NCBITaxon:2759 Eukaryota eucaryotes eukaryotes eukaryotes Eucarya Eucaryotae Eukarya Eukaryotae eukaryotes GC_ID:1 PMID:16248873 PMID:30257078 Chlorophyta/Embryophyta group chlorophyte/embryophyte group green plants ncbi_taxonomy Chlorobionta Chloroplastida green plants NCBITaxon:33090 Viridiplantae Chlorophyta/Embryophyta group chlorophyte/embryophyte group green plants green plants Chlorobionta Chloroplastida green plants GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy Fungi/Metazoa group opisthokonts NCBITaxon:33154 Opisthokonta Fungi/Metazoa group opisthokonts GC_ID:1 metazoans multicellular animals ncbi_taxonomy Animalia animals NCBITaxon:33208 Metazoa metazoans multicellular animals Animalia animals GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:33213 Bilateria GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:33317 Protostomia Cecidomyiidae Fagaceae Quercus Quercus alba GC_ID:1 true insects ncbi_taxonomy insects NCBITaxon:50557 Insecta true insects insects GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:6072 Eumetazoa GC_ID:1 arthropods ncbi_taxonomy arthropods NCBITaxon:6656 Arthropoda arthropods arthropods Acariformes GC_ID:1 insects ncbi_taxonomy Atelocerata Tracheata Uniramia hexapods NCBITaxon:6960 Hexapoda insects Atelocerata Tracheata Uniramia hexapods Eriophyidae Diptera Cynipidae Hymenoptera Cynipini GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy NCBITaxon:88770 Panarthropoda Not accompanied by another or others; exclusive of anyone or anything else. solitary organism animal fungus plant virus A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs. 10/21/09: This is a placeholder term, that should ideally be imported from the NCBI taxonomy, but the high level hierarchy there does not suit our needs (includes plasmids and 'other organisms') 13-02-2009: OBI doesn't take position as to when an organism starts or ends being an organism - e.g. sperm, foetus. This issue is outside the scope of OBI. GROUP: OBI Biomaterial Branch WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism organism A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities PATO:0000072 quality PATO:0000001 quality A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities PATOC:GVG A time quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of how long the bearer has existed. quality PATO:0000011 age A time quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of how long the bearer has existed. WordNet:WordNet A composite chromatic quality composed of hue, saturation and intensity parts. PATO:0000020 colour relative color quality PATO:0000014 color A composite chromatic quality composed of hue, saturation and intensity parts. PATOC:GVG A chromatic property that is the relative position of different hues or degrees of saturation. quality PATO:0000019 color pattern A chromatic property that is the relative position of different hues or degrees of saturation. PATOC:GVG A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure. A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure. quality PATO:0000051 morphology A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure. PATOC:GVG A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ratios of distances between its features (points, edges, surfaces and also holes etc). PATO:0001647 relational shape quality quality PATO:0000052 Shapes are invariant on size transformations. Shapes can be subdivided into 2D and 3D shapes, We can also make a distinction between shapes of complete self-connected objects, and shapes of parts of objects. shape A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ratios of distances between its features (points, edges, surfaces and also holes etc). PATOC:GVG A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting repetition of placement of its parts. distribution PATO:0000132 PATO:0001565 distribution quality pattern PATO:0000060 spatial pattern A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting repetition of placement of its parts. PATOC:GVG A texture quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having hair or bristles. quality PATO:0000066 pilosity A texture quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having hair or bristles. PATOC:GVG quality PATO:0000068 TODO: define this or obsolete it and move children somewhere else. qualitative A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the whether the bearer differs from normal or average. quality PATO:0000069 deviation (from_normal) A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the whether the bearer differs from normal or average. PATOC:GVG The number of entities of this type that are part of the whole organism. The number of entities of this type that are part of the whole organism. For galls, the number of entities of some type that are part of or located in a whole gall. PATO:0000053 PATO:0000071 PATO:0001169 PATO:0001226 presence or absence in organism quantitative quality count in organism number presence PATO:0000070 This term was originally named "presence". It has been renamed to reduce ambiguity. Consider annotating with the reciprocal relation,PATO:0001555, has_number_of. For example, rather than E=fin ray Q=count in organism C=10, say E=organism Q=has number of E2= fin ray C=10. amount The number of entities of this type that are part of the whole organism. PATOC:GVG The number of entities of this type that are part of the whole organism. For galls, the number of entities of some type that are part of or located in a whole gall. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2119-4663 A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical magnitude. A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical magnitude. quality PATO:0000117 size size A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical magnitude. WordNet:WordNet A 1-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's vertical dimension of extension. quality PATO:0000119 height A 1-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's vertical dimension of extension. PATOC:GVG A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance between two points. https://github.com/pato-ontology/pato/issues/337 quality PATO:0000122 Length often refers to the longer or longest dimension of an object, however, this is not always true. See https://github.com/pato-ontology/pato/issues/337 for full discussion. length A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance between two points. PATOC:GVG A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spatial location relative to other objects in the vicinity. PATO:0001032 PATO:0001631 location placement relational spatial quality quality PATO:0000140 position A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spatial location relative to other objects in the vicinity. PATOC:GVG A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative position, shape, arrangements and connectivity of an organism's various parts; the pattern underlying its form. PATO:0001452 conformation relational structural quality quality PATO:0000141 structure A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative position, shape, arrangements and connectivity of an organism's various parts; the pattern underlying its form. PATOC:GVG conformation VT:1000738 A morphologic quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative size, organization and distribution of its surface elements or the representation or invention of the appearance of its surface; visual and tactile surface characteristics. quality PATO:0000150 texture A morphologic quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative size, organization and distribution of its surface elements or the representation or invention of the appearance of its surface; visual and tactile surface characteristics. PATOC:GVG A quality in which events occur in sequence. quality PATO:0000165 time A quality in which events occur in sequence. PATOC:GVG An age which is relatively low. quality PATO:0000309 young An age which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG A color that lacks any hues as parts. quality PATO:0000317 black A color that lacks any hues as parts. PATOC:GVG A color hue with medium-low wavelength of that portion of the visible spectrum lying between yellow and blue, evoked in the human observer by radiant energy with wavelengths of approximately 490 to 570 nanometers. quality PATO:0000320 green A color hue with medium-low wavelength of that portion of the visible spectrum lying between yellow and blue, evoked in the human observer by radiant energy with wavelengths of approximately 490 to 570 nanometers. Dictionary:http://dictionary.reference.com/ A color hue with high wavelength of the long-wave end of the visible spectrum, evoked in the human observer by radiant energy with wavelengths of approximately 630 to 750 nanometers. quality PATO:0000322 red A color hue with high wavelength of the long-wave end of the visible spectrum, evoked in the human observer by radiant energy with wavelengths of approximately 630 to 750 nanometers. Dictionary:http://dictionary.reference.com/ A color hue with medium wavelength of that portion of the visible spectrum lying between orange and green, evoked in the human observer by radiant energy with wavelengths of approximately 570 to 590 nanometers. quality PATO:0000324 yellow A color hue with medium wavelength of that portion of the visible spectrum lying between orange and green, evoked in the human observer by radiant energy with wavelengths of approximately 570 to 590 nanometers. Dictionary:http://dictionary.reference.com/ A color pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of bearer's being marked with irregularly shaped spots or blots of a different hue or degree of saturation. blotched quality PATO:0000329 blotchy A color pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of bearer's being marked with irregularly shaped spots or blots of a different hue or degree of saturation. Dictionary.com:Dictionary.com A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's magnitude of or the relationships between its repeated parts lack consistency. quality PATO:0000330 irregular spatial pattern A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's magnitude of or the relationships between its repeated parts lack consistency. PATOC:GVG A color pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of bearer's being marked with a round area of different hue or degree of saturation. quality PATO:0000333 spotted A color pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of bearer's being marked with a round area of different hue or degree of saturation. PATOC:GVG A curvature quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having or being marked by a curve or smoothly rounded bend. bowing quality curled PATO:0000406 curved A curvature quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having or being marked by a curve or smoothly rounded bend. WordNet:WordNet A spheroid quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting an equatorial diameter greater than its polar diameter. oblate spheroid quality PATO:0000409 oblate lenticular A spheroid quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting an equatorial diameter greater than its polar diameter. WordNet:WordNet A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being such that every part of the surface or the circumference is equidistant from the center. quality round rounded PATO:0000411 circular A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being such that every part of the surface or the circumference is equidistant from the center. thefreedictionary.com:thefreedictionary.com A pilosity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lack of hairs or bristles. quality hairless PATO:0000453 glabrous A pilosity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lack of hairs or bristles. PATOC:CJM PATOC:GVG A pilosity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being covered with hair or hairlike projections. quality PATO:0000454 hairy A pilosity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being covered with hair or hairlike projections. PATOC:GVG A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting no deviation from normal or average. quality average PATO:0000461 normal A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting no deviation from normal or average. PATOC:GVG A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of being clearly visible. A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of being clearly visible. For a gall, a quality in which the gall is clearly visible externally. quality distinct PATO:0000463 conspicuous A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of being clearly visible. thefreedictionary:thefreedictionary A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of being clearly visible. For a gall, a quality in which the gall is clearly visible externally. A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of not being clearly visible. A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of not being clearly visible. For a gall, a quality in which the gall is not clearly visible externally. cryptic quality faint PATO:0000464 inconspicuous A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of not being clearly visible. thefreedictionary:thefreedictionary A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of not being clearly visible. For a gall, a quality in which the gall is not clearly visible externally. A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's existence. quality present in organism PATO:0000467 present A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's existence. PATOC:GVG An amount which is relatively high. PATO:0000420 PATO:0000650 increased number present in greater numbers in organism supernumerary quality accessory increased PATO:0000470 increased amount An amount which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A height which is relatively high. quality tall PATO:0000570 increased height A height which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A length quality which is relatively large. long quality PATO:0000573 increased length A length quality which is relatively large. PATOC:GVG A size quality which is relatively high. PATO:0001202 quality big enlarged expanded great large PATO:0000586 increased size A size quality which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A width which is relatively large. quality broad wide wide/broad PATO:0000600 increased width A width which is relatively large. PATOC:GVG A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's protruding or projecting from the body. quality prolapse prolapsed PATO:0000623 exserted A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's protruding or projecting from the body. sdvc:sdvc A texture quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's irregular surface. PATO:0001616 coarse quality PATO:0000700 rough A texture quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's irregular surface. PATOC:GVG A texture quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's processing a surface free of roughness or irregularities. quality PATO:0000701 smooth A texture quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's processing a surface free of roughness or irregularities. PATOC:GVG A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance from one side of an object to another side which is opposite. https://github.com/pato-ontology/pato/issues/337 quality breadth PATO:0000921 Width often refers to the dimension that is greater than the extent in only one of the other two orthogonal dimensions, however, this is not always true. See https://github.com/pato-ontology/pato/issues/337 for full discussion. width A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance from one side of an object to another side which is opposite. PATOC:GVG A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a sharp or tapered end or point. apiculate quality PATO:0000944 sharpness A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a sharp or tapered end or point. PATOC:GVG A spheroid quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being oval with two axes of symmetry, as produced by a conical section. ellipse-shaped ellipsoid elliptical quality oval ovoid PATO:0000947 elliptic A spheroid quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being oval with two axes of symmetry, as produced by a conical section. PATOC:GVG A color consisting of dark orange, red, of very low intensity. quality PATO:0000952 brown A color consisting of dark orange, red, of very low intensity. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown Red color having medium to high brightness and low to moderate saturation. quality PATO:0000954 pink Red color having medium to high brightness and low to moderate saturation. PATOC:MAH An optical quality which obtains by virtue of the ability of the bearer to absorb visible light. quality PATO:0000957 opacity An optical quality which obtains by virtue of the ability of the bearer to absorb visible light. PATOC:GVG A optical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's not being clear; not transmitting or reflecting light or radiant energy. non-transparent quality clouding cloudy PATO:0000963 opaque A optical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's not being clear; not transmitting or reflecting light or radiant energy. PATOC:GVG A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being permeated or pervaded by a gas or liquid (as by osmosis or diffusion). quality PATO:0000970 permeability A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being permeated or pervaded by a gas or liquid (as by osmosis or diffusion). Biology-online:Biology-online A permeability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being capable to be permeated or pervaded by a gas or liquid (as by osmosis or diffusion). quality porous PATO:0000982 permeable A permeability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being capable to be permeated or pervaded by a gas or liquid (as by osmosis or diffusion). Biology-online:Biology-online A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities. PATO:0002079 Wikipedia:Physical_property relational physical quality quality PATO:0001018 physical quality A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities. PATOC:GVG A quality which inheres in a continuant. PATO:0001237 PATO:0001238 snap:Quality monadic quality of a continuant multiply inhering quality of a physical entity quality of a continuant quality of a single physical entity quality of an object quality of continuant monadic quality of an object monadic quality of continuant quality PATO:0001241 Relational qualities are qualities that hold between multiple entities. Normal (monadic) qualities such as the shape of a eyeball exist purely as a quality of that eyeball. A relational quality such as sensitivity to light is a quality of that eyeball (and connecting nervous system) as it relates to incoming light waves/particles. physical object quality A quality which inheres in a continuant. PATOC:GVG A color consisting of brown hue and high brightness. quality PATO:0001246 light brown A color consisting of brown hue and high brightness. PATOC:GVG A color consisting of green hue and high brightness. quality PATO:0001250 light green A color consisting of green hue and high brightness. PATOC:GVG A color consisting of yellow hue and high brightness. quality blond PATO:0001264 light yellow A color consisting of yellow hue and high brightness. PATOC:GVG A color consisting of red and brown hue. quality PATO:0001287 red brown A color consisting of red and brown hue. PATOC:GVG An EM radiation quality in which the EM radiation is within the fiat range of the spectrum visible deemed to be light. An EM radiation quality in which the EM radiation is within the fiat range of the spectrum visible deemed to be light. quality PATO:0001300 optical quality optical quality An EM radiation quality in which the EM radiation is within the fiat range of the spectrum visible deemed to be light. PATOC:GVG A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lack of distinct morphology. quality PATO:0001332 amorphous A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lack of distinct morphology. PATOC:GVG A length quality which is equal to the length of any straight line segment that passes through the center of a circle and whose endpoints are on the circular boundary. quality PATO:0001334 diameter A length quality which is equal to the length of any straight line segment that passes through the center of a circle and whose endpoints are on the circular boundary. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diameter A optical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting low opacity. quality PATO:0001354 translucent A optical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting low opacity. PATOC:GVG A surface feature shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having many wrinkles or creases on the surface. quality PATO:0001359 rugose A surface feature shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having many wrinkles or creases on the surface. PATOC:GVG A texture quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being covered with warts or projections that resemble warts resulting in a hard rough surface. quality PATO:0001361 warty A texture quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being covered with warts or projections that resemble warts resulting in a hard rough surface. PATOC:GVG A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being easily damaged or destroyed. quality PATO:0001362 fragile A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being easily damaged or destroyed. WordNet:WordNet A surface feature shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having spines, thorns or similar thin projections on its surface. quality PATO:0001365 spiny A surface feature shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having spines, thorns or similar thin projections on its surface. PATOC:GVG A coating quality which is sticky or clammy. quality PATO:0001370 viscid A coating quality which is sticky or clammy. PATOC:GVG A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's resembling a long tapered rod. quality PATO:0001409 spindle-shaped A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's resembling a long tapered rod. Biology-online:Biology-online A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's terminating in a point or edge. quality PATO:0001419 sharp A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's terminating in a point or edge. PATOC:GVG A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having connection or association with another entity. quality PATO:0001435 attachment quality A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having connection or association with another entity. PATOC:GVG An attachment quality inhering in a flower by virtue of the bearer's lacking a stalk, as in flowers or leaves that grow directly from the stem. quality PATO:0001436 sessile (sensu botany) An attachment quality inhering in a flower by virtue of the bearer's lacking a stalk, as in flowers or leaves that grow directly from the stem. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sessility_(botany) A attachment quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having or being supported by a pedicel or pedicle. quality PATO:0001438 pedicellate A attachment quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having or being supported by a pedicel or pedicle. MedTerms:MedTerms A position which is relatively high. quality high position PATO:0001475 increased position A position which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's resembling a sponge in elasticity, absorbency, or porousness. sponge-like quality PATO:0001480 spongy A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's resembling a sponge in elasticity, absorbency, or porousness. Answers.com:Answers.com A time quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's growing old; aging. quality PATO:0001487 senescent A time quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's growing old; aging. answers.com:answers.com A spheroid quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's resembling a ball (a sphere whose equatorial diameter is equal to the polar diameter). PATO:0000408 globular quality rotund PATO:0001499 spherical A spheroid quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's resembling a ball (a sphere whose equatorial diameter is equal to the polar diameter). WordNet:WordNet A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being gradually narrower or thinner toward one end. taper taper quality PATO:0001500 tapered A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being gradually narrower or thinner toward one end. WordNet:WordNet A color pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having one hue. uniformly colored evenly colored homogeneously colored uniformly colored quality homogenously pigmented PATO:0001532 mono-colored A color pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having one hue. PATOC:GVG A color pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of bearer's having two or more hues or degrees of saturation. variegated quality PATO:0001533 multi-colored A color pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of bearer's having two or more hues or degrees of saturation. PATOC:GVG A color pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of bearer's having 3 or more hues or degrees of saturations. quality PATO:0001534 motley A color pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of bearer's having 3 or more hues or degrees of saturations. merriam-webster.:merriam-webster. A color pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of bearer's being marked with small spots, patches, or specks of hue or degree of saturation differing from that of the background. quality speckled PATO:0001535 dappled A color pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of bearer's being marked with small spots, patches, or specks of hue or degree of saturation differing from that of the background. merriam-webster.:merriam-webster. A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking. A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking. quality PATO:0001543 flexibility flexibility A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking. merriam-webster:merriam-webster A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability of being turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking. A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability of being turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking. bendy quality PATO:0001544 flexible flexible A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability of being turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking. merriam-webster:merriam-webster A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity characterized by particles arranged such that their shape and volume are relatively stable. solidity quality PATO:0001546 quality of a solid A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity characterized by particles arranged such that their shape and volume are relatively stable. Chemistry:http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryglossary/a/soliddefinition.htm The number of parts of a particular type that the bearer entity has. This is a relational quality, and thus holds between two entities: the bearer of the quality, and the type of parts. OBO_REL:has_part extra or missing physical or functional parts has or lacks parts of type mereological quality number of quality cardinality number PATO:0001555 has number of The number of parts of a particular type that the bearer entity has. This is a relational quality, and thus holds between two entities: the bearer of the quality, and the type of parts. PATOC:CJM A permeability which is relatively high. high permeability quality PATO:0001577 increased permeability A permeability which is relatively high. PATO:GVG A surface shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a degree of bending. quality PATO:0001591 curvature A surface shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a degree of bending. WordNet:WordNet A curvature which is relatively high. quality PATO:0001592 increased curvature A curvature which is relatively high. PATO:GVG A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's extending out above or beyond a surface or boundary. PATO:0001644 protruding relational protruding quality quality PATO:0001598 protruding A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's extending out above or beyond a surface or boundary. WordNet:WordNet A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being scattered; spread irregularly, and at a distance from each other. quality PATO:0001609 scattered sparse A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being scattered; spread irregularly, and at a distance from each other. biology.lsu:biology.lsu A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being gathered or tending to gather into a mass or whole. clumped clustered quality PATO:0001629 aggregated A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being gathered or tending to gather into a mass or whole. WordNet:WordNet A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being damaged or destroyed. quality PATO:0001662 fragility A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being damaged or destroyed. WordNet:WordNet A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in one dimension. 1-D size quality PATO:0001708 1-D extent A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in one dimension. PATOC:GVG A diameter which is relatively large. quality PATO:0001714 increased diameter A diameter which is relatively large. PATOC:GVG A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to withstand great strain without tearing or breaking. quality resilient strong tough PATO:0001716 non-fragile A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to withstand great strain without tearing or breaking. thefreedictionary.com:thefreedictionary.com An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to lose an entity by natural process. quality PATO:0001729 shedability An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to lose an entity by natural process. PATOC:GVG A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to shed body parts. detachable quality PATO:0001730 deciduous (generic) A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to shed body parts. PATOC:GVG A quality inhering in a plant by virtue of the bearer's disposition to not shed any body part. integral quality PATO:0001732 non-deciduous non-deciduous (any body part) A quality inhering in a plant by virtue of the bearer's disposition to not shed any body part. PATOC:GVG An age which is high relative to the normal or average. high age quality PATO:0001764 increased age An age which is high relative to the normal or average. PATOC:GVG A flexibility which is relatively high. high flexibility quality PATO:0001776 increased flexibility A flexibility which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A structure quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting transient abnormal enlargement, not due to cell proliferation. swelling quality PATO:0001851 swollen A structure quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting transient abnormal enlargement, not due to cell proliferation. thefreedictionary.com:thefreedictionary.com A shape quality in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's curving inward. quality PATO:0001857 concave A shape quality in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's curving inward. WordNet:WordNet A convex 3-D shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a quadric surface in three dimensions obtained by rotating an ellipse about one of its principal axes. Includes spheres and oblate/prolate spheroids. PATO:0001864 quality sphericality PATO:0001865 spheroid A convex 3-D shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a quadric surface in three dimensions obtained by rotating an ellipse about one of its principal axes. Includes spheres and oblate/prolate spheroids. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spheroid A concave 3-D shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having the shape of a kidney. kidney-shaped quality bean shaped PATO:0001871 reniform A concave 3-D shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having the shape of a kidney. ISBN:0881923214 A convex 3-D shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a consistently-sized round cross section. PATO:0001203 rod-like rod-shaped tubulate quality PATO:0001873 cylindrical A convex 3-D shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a consistently-sized round cross section. PATOC:MAH A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being cylindrical, in which the height is less than the diameter. disc-shaped disk-shaped quality PATO:0001874 discoid A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being cylindrical, in which the height is less than the diameter. PATOC:cjm A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having three angles. deltoid quality delta shaped triangle triangle-shaped PATO:0001875 triangular A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having three angles. wordreference:wordreference A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being shaped like a lance-head, considerably longer than wide, tapering towards the tip from below the middle; attached at the broad end. A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being shaped like a lance-head, considerably longer than wide, tapering towards the tip from below the middle; attached at the broad end. spear-shaped quality PATO:0001877 lanceolate lanceolate A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being shaped like a lance-head, considerably longer than wide, tapering towards the tip from below the middle; attached at the broad end. PATOC:GVG A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's consisting of two curves, in opposite directions. S-shaped. s-shaped sigmoidal S-shaped sigmoidal quality PATO:0001878 sigmoid A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's consisting of two curves, in opposite directions. S-shaped. PATOC:CJM A concave 3-D shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's gradually becoming thicker towards the end. club-shaped PATO:0001797 club-like club-shaped clubbed quality PATO:0001883 clavate A concave 3-D shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's gradually becoming thicker towards the end. MP:0000576 A surface feature shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being like the surface of a compact mass of grapes. A surface feature shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being like the surface of a compact mass of grapes. quality PATO:0001907 botryoidal botryoidal A surface feature shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being like the surface of a compact mass of grapes. PATOC:cvs A surface shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's shape of features present on its surface or outer shell. quality PATO:0001925 This quality either inheres directly in the surface, or in the entity that has the surface. For example, to say that a particular fly wing is curved is shorthand for saying the wing has a surface which is curved. surface feature shape A surface shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's shape of features present on its surface or outer shell. PATOC:CJM A color consisting of yellow and green hues. quality PATO:0001941 yellow green A color consisting of yellow and green hues. PATOC:GVG A color pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of bearer's exhibiting transverse stripes of one hue or degree of saturation crossing another. striped quality PATO:0001946 banded A color pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of bearer's exhibiting transverse stripes of one hue or degree of saturation crossing another. ISBN:0881923214 A color pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of bearer's being covered with reticulated lines of a different hue or degree of saturation. net-like reticulated quality PATO:0001947 netted A color pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of bearer's being covered with reticulated lines of a different hue or degree of saturation. ISBN:0881923214 A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's terminating abruptly in a little point. quality PATO:0001949 pointleted A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's terminating abruptly in a little point. ISBN:0881923214 A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being narrowly triangular, wider at the apex and tapering toward the base. wedge-shaped quality PATO:0001955 cuneate cuneate A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being narrowly triangular, wider at the apex and tapering toward the base. wordreference:wordreference A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being partly divided into a determinate number of regions. quality PATO:0001979 lobed A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being partly divided into a determinate number of regions. ISBN:0881923214 A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a shape resembling an ear. quality PATO:0001981 auriculate A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a shape resembling an ear. url:http://www.thefreedictionary.com/auriculate A quality that inheres in an entire organism or part of an organism. quality PATO:0001995 organismal quality A quality that inheres in an entire organism or part of an organism. PATOC:CJM A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its visibility. quality PATO:0001998 This term was created as a grouping term for the 2 terms "conspicuous" and "inconspicuous". However, it is not clear if these terms should even remain in PATO. conspicuousness A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its visibility. PATOC:MAH Surface shape that refers to the inward or outward curvature of the surface. quality PATO:0002005 concavity Surface shape that refers to the inward or outward curvature of the surface. PATOC:MAH A shape that inheres in a 2 dimensional entity, such as a cross section or projection of a 3 dimensional entity. quality 2-D projection cross-sectional PATO:0002006 2-D shape A shape that inheres in a 2 dimensional entity, such as a cross section or projection of a 3 dimensional entity. PATOC:CJM A complete three dimensional shape in which for every line connecting pair of points on the object is within the object. Or: a shape lacking cavities. Contrast: concave. Image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Convex_polygon_illustration1.png quality PATO:0002007 Use this term or an is_a child of this term when the entire shape of the object is known. convex 3-D shape A complete three dimensional shape in which for every line connecting pair of points on the object is within the object. Or: a shape lacking cavities. Contrast: concave. PATOC:CJM A complete three dimensional shape in which there is a line connecting pair of points on the object that lies outside the object. Or: a shape with cavities. Contrast: concave. Image:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Convex_polygon_illustration2.png quality PATO:0002008 concave 3-D shape A complete three dimensional shape in which there is a line connecting pair of points on the object that lies outside the object. Or: a shape with cavities. Contrast: concave. PATOC:CJM A texture quality that exists through a liquid cover on the surface of the bearer. quality PATO:0002012 coating A texture quality that exists through a liquid cover on the surface of the bearer. Wikipedia:Wikipedia A structural quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing hollow areas. quality PATO:0002014 structure, cavities A structural quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing hollow areas. PATOC:GVG Pink color having high brightness and low saturation. quality PATO:0002020 pale pink Pink color having high brightness and low saturation. PATOC:GVG A convex 3-D shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's resembling a cone (a 3-D shape with a round cross section that tapers). Image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Cone_3d.png cone-shaped quality PATO:0002021 conical A convex 3-D shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's resembling a cone (a 3-D shape with a round cross section that tapers). Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cone_(geometry) A fragility which is relatively high. 2009-03-26T04:01:37Z quality PATO:0002055 increased fragility A fragility which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A shape inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being elongated and cylindrical. 2009-07-01T01:44:06Z quality PATO:0002063 columnar A shape inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being elongated and cylindrical. PATOC:me A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having an empty space or cavity within. 2009-09-18T02:19:20Z quality PATO:0002078 hollow A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having an empty space or cavity within. url:http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hollow A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's resembling small nipple like projection. 2009-10-05T03:04:52Z quality PATO:0002108 papillary probably not the right class for galls with nipple-like projections A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's resembling small nipple like projection. PATO:GVG A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its constitution. 2010-03-15T04:35:27Z quality PATO:0002198 quality of a substance A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its constitution. PATOC:GVG A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having the shape of a scythe or sickle. 2010-07-08T01:57:46Z falcate hooked scythe-shaped sickle-shaped unciform uncinate quality PATO:0002215 falciform A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having the shape of a scythe or sickle. merriam-webster:http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/falciform A cylindrical shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being imperfectly cylindrical or approximately cylindrical. 2010-07-13T04:22:30Z quality PATO:0002226 subcylindrical A cylindrical shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being imperfectly cylindrical or approximately cylindrical. url:http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Subcylindrical A tapered shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's tapering gradually to a sharp point. 2010-07-15T09:03:18Z quality PATO:0002228 acuminate A tapered shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's tapering gradually to a sharp point. url:http://www.thefreedictionary.com/acuminate A convex 3-D shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's shape resembling falling drop. 2010-07-23T02:31:11Z drop shaped quality PATO:0002240 teardrop-shaped A convex 3-D shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's shape resembling falling drop. url:wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn A shape that inheres in a 3 dimensional entity. 2010-10-05T12:31:16Z quality PATO:0002266 3-D shape A shape that inheres in a 3 dimensional entity. PATOC:OREGON Multicolored quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being colored with a variegated pattern resembling marble,. 2010-11-16T11:17:32Z quality PATO:0002273 marbled Multicolored quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being colored with a variegated pattern resembling marble,. url:http://www.oed.com/ Multicolored quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being dappled with spots, patches, or blotches of different colors. 2010-11-16T11:22:57Z quality PATO:0002274 mottled Multicolored quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being dappled with spots, patches, or blotches of different colors. url:http://www.oed.com/ A color pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of bearer's exhibiting vertical bars of one hue or degree of saturation crossing another. 2010-11-16T11:30:40Z quality PATO:0002276 barred A color pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of bearer's exhibiting vertical bars of one hue or degree of saturation crossing another. PATOC:WD A cylindrical shape that is hollow. 2011-06-08T06:33:50Z tube like tube-shaped tubulate quality PATO:0002299 tubular A cylindrical shape that is hollow. PATOC:GVG A quality that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. 2011-06-16T06:39:43Z quality PATO:0002300 increased quality A quality that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. PATOC:GVG A quality of an object that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. 2011-06-16T06:54:01Z quality PATO:0002305 increased object quality A quality of an object that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. PATOC:GVG Having a fringe or border of hairlike or fingerlike projections. 2011-09-22T03:52:11Z quality PATO:0002311 fimbriated Having a fringe or border of hairlike or fingerlike projections. PATO:WS A shape constituting a transition between a rectangle and a circle; a closed curve, of which the circle and ellipse are special cases, whose parametric equation is x = a.cos2/rt, y = b.cos2/rt 2011-10-12T12:45:16Z Lamé curve quality PATO:0002318 superelliptic A shape constituting a transition between a rectangle and a circle; a closed curve, of which the circle and ellipse are special cases, whose parametric equation is x = a.cos2/rt, y = b.cos2/rt wiktionary:superellipse A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being dome-shaped. dome-like hemispheroid 2012-01-31T02:32:14Z quality PATO:0002335 tholiform A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being dome-shaped. PATOC:dd A quality of being covered with stiff or rough hairs. 2012-01-31T02:51:37Z quality PATO:0002339 hispid A quality of being covered with stiff or rough hairs. PATOC:GVG A quality of being minutely hispid. 2012-01-31T02:53:21Z quality PATO:0002340 hispidulous A quality of being minutely hispid. PATOC:DD A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being characterized by fine, entangled hairs giving the appearance of cobweb. 2012-01-31T03:49:00Z quality PATO:0002344 arachnose A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being characterized by fine, entangled hairs giving the appearance of cobweb. PATOC:DD Having a spindle-like shape that is wide in the middle and tapers at both ends. 2012-12-07T05:43:25Z quality PATO:0002400 fusiform Having a spindle-like shape that is wide in the middle and tapers at both ends. wikipedia:wikipedia A color consisting of yellow and brown hue. 2012-12-17T10:55:51Z quality PATO:0002411 yellow brown A color consisting of yellow and brown hue. PATOC:GVG A surface feature shape having numerous very small circular rounded projections or protuberances. A surface feature shape having numerous very small circular rounded projections or protuberances. pebbled tuberculose 2013-01-29T09:15:53Z quality PATO:0002427 knobbled knobbled A surface feature shape having numerous very small circular rounded projections or protuberances. thefreedictionary.com:thefreedictionary.com A surface feature shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the degree of the bearer's highly topographical with ridges, pits, rugosity or other surface structures. 2013-01-29T10:57:42Z quality PATO:0002440 ornamentation A surface feature shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the degree of the bearer's highly topographical with ridges, pits, rugosity or other surface structures. PATOC:GVG A surface feature shape in which the bearer's surface is lacking ridges, pits, rugosity or other surface structures. A surface feature shape in which the bearer's surface is lacking ridges, pits, rugosity or other surface structures. 2013-01-29T11:00:20Z quality PATO:0002442 unornamented unornamented A surface feature shape in which the bearer's surface is lacking ridges, pits, rugosity or other surface structures. PATOC:AD Having the shape of a pear; tapering near the top and bulging toward the base or bottom. From thefreedictionary.com 2014-09-09T12:30:02Z quality PATO:0005002 pear shaped pear-shaped Having the shape of a pear; tapering near the top and bulging toward the base or bottom. From thefreedictionary.com PATOC:WD A shape that is almost an ellipse. 2014-09-09T12:36:15Z quality PATO:0005004 subelliptical A shape that is almost an ellipse. PATOC:WD A spheroid shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being nearly, but not perfectly, spherical. globose globular 2014-09-25T15:16:25Z quality PATO:0005014 subspherical A spheroid shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being nearly, but not perfectly, spherical. PATOC:WD A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being expanded laterally and or opened outward in shape. 2018-11-19T21:49:07Z quality PATO:0040022 flared A quality of a substance on which or through which electromagnetic radiation impinges or traverses with respect to radiation. This substance quality changes the quality of the incident radiation with respect to any of: intensity, direction, scatter and wavelength. quality PATO:0070060 quality of interaction of a substance with electromagnetic radiation A quality of a substance on which or through which electromagnetic radiation impinges or traverses with respect to radiation. This substance quality changes the quality of the incident radiation with respect to any of: intensity, direction, scatter and wavelength. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263 A plant structure (PO:0005679) which is a whole organism. genet (broad) ramet (broad) FNA:4b610104-1bb0-4c6b-9bb9-e3cc61d11ac0 FNA:99508f62-7116-4e2b-90c0-19ff55ebd967 FNA:ba1b1bd5-75bd-4195-b11c-3aba08da08c2 FNA:c1ccca7d-2a98-4a9d-8603-c34b551935e0 FNA:e4dde193-57f7-4ab9-9d25-96b4ca0088ba FNA:ec8c2064-2a67-43d7-8e14-aecfef5cf33b FNA:f8f31520-e4bc-4430-9274-8dd3cee7ffd8 PO_GIT:538 PO_GIT:69 planta entera (Spanish, exact) 植物体全体 (Japanese, exact) bush (narrow) frutex (narrow) frutices (narrow, plural) gametophyte (narrow) herb (narrow) liana (narrow) prothalli (narrow, plural) prothallium (narrow) prothallus (narrow) shrub (narrow) sporophyte (narrow) suffrutex (narrow) suffrutices (narrow, plural) tree (narrow) vine (narrow) woody clump (narrow) plant_anatomy clonal colony (related) colony (related) PO:0000003 Examples include plant embryo (PO:0009009), megagametophyte (PO:0025279) and microgametophyte (PO:0025280). whole plant A plant structure (PO:0005679) which is a whole organism. POC:curators planta entera (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物体全体 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki frutex (narrow) FNA:e4dde193-57f7-4ab9-9d25-96b4ca0088ba frutices (narrow, plural) FNA:ec8c2064-2a67-43d7-8e14-aecfef5cf33b prothalli (narrow, plural) FNA:4b610104-1bb0-4c6b-9bb9-e3cc61d11ac0 prothallus (narrow) FNA:f8f31520-e4bc-4430-9274-8dd3cee7ffd8 suffrutex (narrow) FNA:99508f62-7116-4e2b-90c0-19ff55ebd967 suffrutices (narrow, plural) FNA:ba1b1bd5-75bd-4195-b11c-3aba08da08c2 woody clump (narrow) FNA:c1ccca7d-2a98-4a9d-8603-c34b551935e0 A phyllome primordium (PO:0025128) that develops from a vascular leaf anlagen (PO:0025431) and is part of a vegetative shoot apex (PO:0025223) and is committed to the development of a vascular leaf (PO:0009025). PO_GIT:466 leaf primordium (exact) portion of vascular leaf primordium tissue (exact) primordio de hoja (Spanish, exact) vascular leaf primordia (exact, plural) 葉原基 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0000017 vascular leaf primordium A phyllome primordium (PO:0025128) that develops from a vascular leaf anlagen (PO:0025431) and is part of a vegetative shoot apex (PO:0025223) and is committed to the development of a vascular leaf (PO:0009025). POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators primordio de hoja (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo vascular leaf primordia (exact, plural) 葉原基 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A floral structure primordium (PO:0025477) that is committed to the development of a gynoecium (PO:0009062). PO_GIT:465 pistil primordium (exact) portion of gynoecium primordium tissue (exact) primordio de gineceo (Spanish, exact) 雌蕊原基(可視的） (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0000019 Use carpel primordium (PO:0004703) for the primordium (PO:0025127) of an individual carpel (PO:0009030). gynoecium primordium A floral structure primordium (PO:0025477) that is committed to the development of a gynoecium (PO:0009062). POC:curators primordio de gineceo (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 雌蕊原基(可視的） (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A maximal portion of vascular tissue (PO:0009015) in a whole plant (PO:0000003), collective plant structure (PO:0025497), multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496), or cardinal part of multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025498). PO_GIT:50 sistema vascular (Spanish, exact) vasculature (exact) 維管束系 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0000034 A vascular system consist of the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a plant structure. May include other portions of plant tissue or plant cells (PO:0009002) of other types, such as parenchyma (PO:0005421) or fiber cells (PO:0025407). vascular system A maximal portion of vascular tissue (PO:0009015) in a whole plant (PO:0000003), collective plant structure (PO:0025497), multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496), or cardinal part of multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025498). ISBN:0471245208 ISBN:0716710072 POC:curators sistema vascular (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo vasculature (exact) FNA:caf918bf-f4c4-423c-8008-87c96e5399a0 維管束系 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A phyllome vascular system (PO:0025206) that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a vascular leaf (PO:0009025). PO_GIT:41 PO_GIT:50 sistema vascular de la hoja (Spanish, exact) 葉維管系 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy leaf venation (related) PO:0000036 leaf vascular system A phyllome vascular system (PO:0025206) that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a vascular leaf (PO:0009025). POC:Ramona_Walls sistema vascular de la hoja (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 葉維管系 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is the most distal part of a shoot system (PO:0009006) and has as parts a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and the youngest primordia (PO:0025127). PO_GIT:234 &#225pice del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) シュート頂、茎頂 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0000037 shoot axis apex A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is the most distal part of a shoot system (PO:0009006) and has as parts a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and the youngest primordia (PO:0025127). POC:curators &#225pice del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo シュート頂、茎頂 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of leaf epidermis (PO:0006016) that is part of a leaf lamina (PO:0020039). epidermis de la l&#225mina de la hoja (Spanish, exact) 葉身表皮 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0000047 If you are annotating to this term, please add an additional annotation to vascular leaf (PO:0009025) or non-vascular leaf (PO:0025075), depending on the species. All annotations for angiosperms, gymnosperms, and pteridophytes should go to vascular leaf and all annotations for bryophytes should go to non-vascular leaf. leaf lamina epidermis A portion of leaf epidermis (PO:0006016) that is part of a leaf lamina (PO:0020039). POC:curators epidermis de la l&#225mina de la hoja (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 葉身表皮 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A vascular system (PO:0000034) that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a leaf lamina (PO:0020039). PO_GIT:41 sistema vascular de la l&#225mina de la hoja (Spanish, exact) 葉身維管系 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0000048 leaf lamina vascular system A vascular system (PO:0000034) that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a leaf lamina (PO:0020039). POC:Ramona_Walls sistema vascular de la l&#225mina de la hoja (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 葉身維管系 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of leaf epidermis (PO:0006016) that is part of a petiole (PO:0020038). epidermis del pec&#237olo (Spanish, exact) 葉柄表皮 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0000051 If you are annotating to this term, please add an additional annotation to vascular leaf (PO:0009025) or non-vascular leaf (PO:0025075), depending on the species. All annotations for angiosperms, gymnosperms, and pteridophytes should go to vascular leaf and all annotations for bryophytes should go to non-vascular leaf. petiole epidermis A portion of leaf epidermis (PO:0006016) that is part of a petiole (PO:0020038). POC:Ramona_Walls TAIR_curator:Katica_Ilic epidermis del pec&#237olo (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 葉柄表皮 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki An undeveloped shoot system (PO:0009006). FNA:0eed275a-5dae-414a-bf36-81a08e6c6ba9 PO_GIT:124 yema (Spanish, exact) 芽 (Japanese, exact) adventitious bud (narrow) plant_anatomy PO:0000055 bud An undeveloped shoot system (PO:0009006). POC:curators yema (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 芽 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki adventitious bud (narrow) FNA:0eed275a-5dae-414a-bf36-81a08e6c6ba9 A portion of shoot system epidermis (PO:0006035) that is part of a shoot axis (PO:0025029). epidermis del eje del tallo (Spanish, exact) シュート軸表皮 (Japanese, exact) branch epidermis (narrow) plant_anatomy PO:0000112 Can occur on a stem or branch. shoot axis epidermis A portion of shoot system epidermis (PO:0006035) that is part of a shoot axis (PO:0025029). POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators epidermis del eje del tallo (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo シュート軸表皮 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of shoot system epidermis (PO:0006035) that is part of a nectary (PO:0009035) . epidermis del nectario (Spanish, exact) 蜜腺表皮 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0000207 nectary epidermis A portion of shoot system epidermis (PO:0006035) that is part of a nectary (PO:0009035) . POC:Ramona_Walls epidermis del nectario (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 蜜腺表皮 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) which is the organogenic region of the meristem, characterized by higher rates of cell division. zona perif&#233rica (Spanish, exact) 周辺帯 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy peripheral meristem (related) PO:0000225 peripheral zone A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) which is the organogenic region of the meristem, characterized by higher rates of cell division. ISBN:0521288959 TAIR_curator:Leonore_Reiser zona perif&#233rica (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 周辺帯 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of reproductive shoot apical meristem tissue (PO:0008028) that gives rise to the floral organs (PO:0025395). PO:0006329 PO:0006373 PO:0006374 PO:0025091 floral meristem (exact) mersitema floral (Spanish, exact) 花芽分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) Poaceae floret meristem (narrow) ear floret meristem (narrow) floret meristem (narrow) tassel floret meristem (narrow) plant_anatomy floral apical meristem (related) PO:0000229 In Zea mays and other grasses, the floret meristem is part of a spikelet and develops into a specific type of floret. If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the spikelet type that the meristem is part of. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet (PO:0009051), ear spikelet (PO:0006320), ear pedicellate spikelet (PO:0006348), ear sessile spikelet (PO:0006349), tassel spikelet (PO:0006309), tassel pedicellate spikelet (PO:0006312), tassel sessile spikelet (PO:0006311). flower meristem A portion of reproductive shoot apical meristem tissue (PO:0008028) that gives rise to the floral organs (PO:0025395). Gramene:Pankaj_Jaiswal POC:curators mersitema floral (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 花芽分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A unicellular or multicellular plant structure (PO:0009011) that forms a non-sclerified outgrowth from the epidermis (PO:0005679). PO:0004510 barb trichome (broad) bristle (broad) FNA:12abd29b-5eae-47a2-baae-4059581e7eaa FNA:43d66471-4955-4bc2-a70c-c88e33877c42 FNA:602c5ee8-6634-4093-bd2c-016dde8a350e FNA:6cb9e7af-32a7-413a-8f80-9e40d3ae462a FNA:78121d02-e7db-45eb-b1b7-011d5026beae FNA:881fcb45-5dfd-4d06-8d6f-a111ba5e220a FNA:899a83bf-39bb-4128-b472-b0e27dcf5b35 FNA:8c618dea-f3dd-434f-bb13-23273ea6c143 FNA:93b95b97-0f1a-4d26-9c86-ebede4157269 FNA:99a6f711-b4da-4231-8dce-9ed171b87e9c FNA:9ef3a0eb-f8e4-4a7b-911e-92952fc19956 FNA:aa191087-e979-486f-ad87-0e050a83090f FNA:bb12cad4-db12-4e59-a9fc-1676f2558a0a FNA:c358e298-5926-42d6-8d49-a918cdc72406 FNA:c5765385-917c-465e-83f8-b4fe5d693146 FNA:c751440c-a7b3-4997-aed8-47f8254fd05f FNA:cbb9ceb5-a404-4b5c-9c8f-4cf0ca6bade2 FNA:e6a34ceb-a3e7-49f7-a4ac-cf0ea1552dc4 FNA:ead20a1b-057b-4008-9466-bdb8e283aa82 FNA:f18da584-2b0b-4b03-a614-40140a1cb89e PO_GIT:207 tricoma (Spanish, exact) 毛茸、糸状体、毛 (Japanese, exact) capilli (narrow, plural) capillus (narrow) cilia (narrow, plural) cilium (narrow) glochid (narrow) glochidia (narrow, plural) glochidium (narrow) hair (narrow) lepides (narrow, plural) lepis (narrow) non-secretory trichome (narrow) scale (narrow) squama (narrow) squamae (narrow, plural) squamella (narrow) squamellae (narrow, plural) squamule (narrow) plant_anatomy seta (related) setae (related) PO:0000282 This class is the union of unicellular trichome (PO:0025537) and multicellular trichome (PO:0025162). A trichome can vary in length and shape and may be branched or unbranched. It may be glandular or non-secretory. trichome A unicellular or multicellular plant structure (PO:0009011) that forms a non-sclerified outgrowth from the epidermis (PO:0005679). PMID:19939948 POC:curators barb trichome (broad) FNA:aa191087-e979-486f-ad87-0e050a83090f bristle (broad) FNA:78121d02-e7db-45eb-b1b7-011d5026beae tricoma (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 毛茸、糸状体、毛 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki capilli (narrow, plural) FNA:602c5ee8-6634-4093-bd2c-016dde8a350e capillus (narrow) FNA:43d66471-4955-4bc2-a70c-c88e33877c42 cilia (narrow, plural) FNA:c358e298-5926-42d6-8d49-a918cdc72406 cilium (narrow) FNA:12abd29b-5eae-47a2-baae-4059581e7eaa glochid (narrow) FNA:881fcb45-5dfd-4d06-8d6f-a111ba5e220a glochidia (narrow, plural) FNA:899a83bf-39bb-4128-b472-b0e27dcf5b35 glochidium (narrow) FNA:99a6f711-b4da-4231-8dce-9ed171b87e9c hair (narrow) FNA:9ef3a0eb-f8e4-4a7b-911e-92952fc19956 lepides (narrow, plural) FNA:e6a34ceb-a3e7-49f7-a4ac-cf0ea1552dc4 lepis (narrow) FNA:bb12cad4-db12-4e59-a9fc-1676f2558a0a scale (narrow) FNA:8c618dea-f3dd-434f-bb13-23273ea6c143 squama (narrow) FNA:6cb9e7af-32a7-413a-8f80-9e40d3ae462a squamae (narrow, plural) FNA:cbb9ceb5-a404-4b5c-9c8f-4cf0ca6bade2 squamella (narrow) FNA:ead20a1b-057b-4008-9466-bdb8e283aa82 squamellae (narrow, plural) FNA:c5765385-917c-465e-83f8-b4fe5d693146 squamule (narrow) FNA:f18da584-2b0b-4b03-a614-40140a1cb89e seta (related) FNA:c751440c-a7b3-4997-aed8-47f8254fd05f setae (related) FNA:93b95b97-0f1a-4d26-9c86-ebede4157269 An initial cell (PO:0004011) that is part of an plant epidermis (PO:0005679) and gives rise to specialized cells. c&#233lula inicial de la epidermis (Spanish, exact) epidermal initial (exact) 表皮始原細胞 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0000349 plant epidermal initial cell An initial cell (PO:0004011) that is part of an plant epidermis (PO:0005679) and gives rise to specialized cells. PO:cooperl TAIR_curator:Leonore_Reiser c&#233lula inicial de la epidermis (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 表皮始原細胞 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A reproductive shoot system development stage (PO:0025530) that has as primary participant a inflorescence (PO:0009049). GRO:0007157 PO_GIT:517 plant_structure_development_stage panicle development (related) PO:0001083 inflorescence development stage A reproductive shoot system development stage (PO:0025530) that has as primary participant a inflorescence (PO:0009049). POC:Laurel_Cooper panicle development (related) GRO:0007157 A native plant cell (PO:0025606) synthesizing protoplasm and producing new cells by division and with only a primary cell wall. CL:0000034 PO_GIT:272 c&#233lula meristem&#225tica (Spanish, exact) stem cell (exact) 分裂組織細胞 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0004010 meristematic cell A native plant cell (PO:0025606) synthesizing protoplasm and producing new cells by division and with only a primary cell wall. ISBN:0471245208 POC:Laurel_Cooper c&#233lula meristem&#225tica (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 分裂組織細胞 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A meristematic cell (PO:0004010) that by division gives rise to two cells, one of which remains meristematic, while the other is added to the plant body. PO:0000070 PO_GIT:272 c&#233lula inicial (Spanish, exact) initial (exact) meristemoid (exact) 始原細胞 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy stem cell (related) PO:0004011 Initial cells are often part of a portion of tissue that is composed mostly of somewhat older, differentiating cells. The division of an initial cell is often uneven, with the smaller daughter cell remaining meristematic. initial cell A meristematic cell (PO:0004010) that by division gives rise to two cells, one of which remains meristematic, while the other is added to the plant body. ISBN:0471245208 c&#233lula inicial (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 始原細胞 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of vascular tissue (PO:0009015) that is a unit strand of the vascular system (PO:0000034) and has as part xylem (PO:0005352) or phloem (PO:0005417). PO_GIT:431 haz vascular (Spanish, exact) vein (exact) 維管束 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0005020 May also contain portions of ground tissue (PO:0025059). The bundle sheath (PO:0006023) can also be part of a vascular bundle, if it is present. vascular bundle A portion of vascular tissue (PO:0009015) that is a unit strand of the vascular system (PO:0000034) and has as part xylem (PO:0005352) or phloem (PO:0005417). POC:curators haz vascular (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 維管束 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a root anlagen (PO:0025433) and is committed to the development of a root (PO:0009005). PO_GIT:467 portion of root primordium tissue (exact) primordio de ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) root primordia (exact, plural) 根原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0005029 A root primordium may arise from cells of a pericycle (PO:0006203) in a root in most seed plant (pericyclic lateral root primordium; PO:0025492), from cells of an endodermis (PO:0000252) in ferns and some seed plants (non-pericyclic lateral root primordium: PO:0025493), or from cells of a shoot axis (PO:0025029), in the case of a basal root primordium (PO:0025479) or shoot-borne root primordium (PO:0025480). Transition from root primordium to root occurs with the formation of a root cap (PO:0020123), shortly after the development of a root apical meristem (PO:0020147). root primordium A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a root anlagen (PO:0025433) and is committed to the development of a root (PO:0009005). ISBN:0521288959 POC:curators primordio de ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo root primordia (exact, plural) 根原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of ground tissue (PO:0025059) composed of polyhedral cells typically with thin, non-lignified cellulosic cell walls and nucleate, living protoplasts. PO_GIT:107 par&#233nquima (Spanish, exact) portion of parenchyma tissue (exact) portion of parenchymatous tissue (exact) 柔組織 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0005421 Parenchyma contains relatively unspecialized cells. parenchyma A portion of ground tissue (PO:0025059) composed of polyhedral cells typically with thin, non-lignified cellulosic cell walls and nucleate, living protoplasts. POC:curators par&#233nquima (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 柔組織 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A lateral meristem (PO:0020145) that has as part a single layer of cambial initial cells (PO:0000295) and their derivatives, arranged orderly in radial files. A lateral meristem (PO:0020145) that has as part a single layer of cambial initial cells (PO:0000295) and their derivatives, arranged orderly in radial files. PO_GIT:437 cambium (Spanish, exact) 形成層 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0005597 This term is applied to only two types of meristems: vascular cambium (PO:0005598) and cork cambium/phellogen (PO:0005599). cambium cambium A lateral meristem (PO:0020145) that has as part a single layer of cambial initial cells (PO:0000295) and their derivatives, arranged orderly in radial files. ISBN:047125208 cambium (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 形成層 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that form specialized structures producing a secretion. PO_GIT:659 porci&#243n del tejido secretor (Spanish, exact) 分泌組織の一部 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy gland (related) PO:0005656 The synonym gland does not imply non-secretory 'glands'. portion of secretory tissue A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that form specialized structures producing a secretion. Gramene:Pankaj_Jaiswal ISBN:0471245208 POC:Laurel_Cooper porci&#243n del tejido secretor (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 分泌組織の一部 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) composed of plant epidermal cells (PO:0004013) that develops from the protoderm (PO:0006210) and covers the surface of a plant structure (PO:0009011). PO_GIT:109 dermal tissue (exact) epidermal layer (exact) epidermides (exact, plural) epidermis (Spanish, exact) epidermises (exact, plural) portion of epidermal tissue (exact) 表皮 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy multiseriate epidermis (related) PO:0005679 The epidermis can be composed of one or more layers of cells. In some species of vascular plants, the epidermis, which is a primary tissue, is replaced by periderm, which is secondary tissue, later in development. The epidermis can also include trichomes, stomatal pores, root hairs, and rhizoids. plant epidermis A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) composed of plant epidermal cells (PO:0004013) that develops from the protoderm (PO:0006210) and covers the surface of a plant structure (PO:0009011). POC:curators epidermides (exact, plural) FNA:35df04e5-fde5-465e-b79e-ae7d5e1537bb epidermis (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo epidermises (exact, plural) FNA:0d1bd0e6-c039-4de3-a162-68299a2f342a 表皮 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A lateral plant organ (PO:0009008) produced by a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148). filoma (Spanish, exact) フィロム、葉(的）器官 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0006001 phyllome A lateral plant organ (PO:0009008) produced by a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148). POC:curators filoma (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo フィロム、葉(的）器官 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A phyllome that is reduced in size relative to a vascular leaf on the same plant and is often associated with a perennating or dormant bud or a vegetatively propagating organ such as a rhizome. PO_GIT:273 cat&#225fila en escama (Spanish, exact) 鱗片葉 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy cataphyll (related) PO:0006003 May be photosynthetic or non-photosynthetic. Some species have vascular leaves that are scale-like (such as Juniperus, Thuja, and Chamaecyparis). Annotations for scale-like leaves should go under vascular leaf (PO:0009025), not scale leaf. scale leaf A phyllome that is reduced in size relative to a vascular leaf on the same plant and is often associated with a perennating or dormant bud or a vegetatively propagating organ such as a rhizome. ISBN:0080374913 cat&#225fila en escama (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 鱗片葉 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of phyllome epidermis (PO:0025157) that is part of a leaf (PO:0025034). epidermis de la hoja (Spanish, exact) foliage leaf epidermis (exact) phyllid epidermis (exact) 葉表皮 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0006016 If you are annotating to this term, please add an additional annotation to vascular leaf (PO:0009025) or non-vascular leaf (PO:0025075), depending on the species. All annotations for angiosperms, gymnosperms, and pteridophytes should go to vascular leaf and all annotations for bryophytes should go to non-vascular leaf. leaf epidermis A portion of phyllome epidermis (PO:0025157) that is part of a leaf (PO:0025034). POC:curators epidermis de la hoja (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 葉表皮 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of leaf epidermis (PO:0006016) that covers the adaxial/upper surface of a leaf (PO:0025034). A portion of leaf epidermis (PO:0006016) that covers the adaxial/upper surface of a leaf. epidermis adaxial de la hoja (Spanish, exact) 葉向軸側表皮 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy upper epidermis (related) upper leaf PO:0006018 Used to refer to an adaxial epidermis of an entire leaf. More specific terms exist for leaf lamina adaxial epidermis and petiole adaxial epidermis. If you are annotating to this term, please add an additional annotation to vascular leaf (PO:0009025) or non-vascular leaf (PO:0025075), depending on the species. All annotations for angiosperms, gymnosperms, and pteridophytes should go to vascular leaf and all annotations for bryophytes should go to non-vascular leaf. adaxial leaf epidermis leaf adaxial epidermis A portion of leaf epidermis (PO:0006016) that covers the adaxial/upper surface of a leaf (PO:0025034). POC:Ramona_Walls epidermis adaxial de la hoja (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 葉向軸側表皮 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of leaf epidermis (PO:0006016) that covers the abaxial/lower surface of a leaf (PO:0025034). A portion of leaf epidermis (PO:0006016) that covers the abaxial/lower surface of a leaf. epidermis abaxial de la hoja (Spanish, exact) leaf underside 葉背軸側表皮 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy lower epidermis (related) lower leaf PO:0006019 Used to refer to an abaxial epidermis of an entire leaf. More specific terms exist for leaf lamina abaxial epidermis and petiole abaxial epidermis. If you are annotating to this term, please add an additional annotation to vascular leaf (PO:0009025) or non-vascular leaf (PO:0025075), depending on the species. All annotations for angiosperms, gymnosperms, and pteridophytes should go to vascular leaf and all annotations for bryophytes should go to non-vascular leaf. abaxial leaf epidermis leaf abaxial epidermis A portion of leaf epidermis (PO:0006016) that covers the abaxial/lower surface of a leaf (PO:0025034). POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators epidermis abaxial de la hoja (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 葉背軸側表皮 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of plant epidermis (PO:0005679) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006) and arises from the meristem L1 layer (PO:0009020). PO_GIT:111 epidermis del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) シュート表皮 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0006035 Often interrupted by stomatal complexes (PO:0002000) and other structures. The shoot system epidermis is different from the root epidermis (PO:0006036) in its origin, function and structure. shoot system epidermis A portion of plant epidermis (PO:0005679) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006) and arises from the meristem L1 layer (PO:0009020). ISBN:0471245208 POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators epidermis del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo シュート表皮 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of plant epidermis (PO:0005679) that is part of a root (PO:0009005). PO:0006037 PO_GIT:111 epidermis de la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) 根表皮 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy epiblem (related) rhizodermis (related) PO:0006036 The root epidermis is different from the shoot epidermis in its origin, function and structure. root epidermis A portion of plant epidermis (PO:0005679) that is part of a root (PO:0009005). ISBN:0080374913 epidermis de la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 根表皮 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006). PO_GIT:472 PO_GIT:583 meristema del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) シュート分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0006079 shoot system meristem A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006). Gramene:Pankaj_Jaiswal POC:Laurel_Cooper meristema del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo シュート分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is the outer layer of an apical meristem (PO:0020144), or the outer layer of a plant embryo proper (PO:0000001), and gives rise to a portion of epidermis (PO:0005679). PO_GIT:125 portion of protoderm tissue (exact) protodermis (Spanish, exact) 前表皮、原表皮 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy dermatogen cell (related) PO:0006210 A protoderm may or may not arise from independent initial cells (PO:0004011). Some researchers also refer to it as an epidermis in a meristematic state. protoderm A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is the outer layer of an apical meristem (PO:0020144), or the outer layer of a plant embryo proper (PO:0000001), and gives rise to a portion of epidermis (PO:0005679). ISBN:0471245208 POC:Laurel_Cooper protodermis (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 前表皮、原表皮 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A phyllome trichome that is part of a leaf epidermis. PO_GIT:232 tricoma de hoja (Spanish, exact) 葉毛（毛茸、糸状体） (Japanese, exact) phyllid trichome (narrow) plant_anatomy PO:0006504 If you are annotating to this term, please add an additional annotation to vascular leaf (PO:0009025) or non-vascular leaf (PO:0025075), depending on the species. All annotations for angiosperms, gymnosperms, and pteridophytes should go to vascular leaf and all annotations for bryophytes should go to non-vascular leaf. leaf trichome A phyllome trichome that is part of a leaf epidermis. POC:Ramona_Walls tricoma de hoja (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 葉毛（毛茸、糸状体） (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant structure development stage (PO:0009012) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003). PO_GIT:390 plant_structure_development_stage Solanaceae whole plant growth stages (SGN:0000001) (related) cereal plant growth stage ontology (GRO:0007199) (related) maize growth stage (GRO:0007002) (related) plant growth stages in Arabidopsis (TAIR:0000021) (related) rice growth stage (GRO:0007040) (related) sorghum growth stage (GRO:0007124) (related) wheat, barley and oat growth stage (GRO:0007156) (related) PO:0007033 whole plant development stage A plant structure development stage (PO:0009012) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003). POC:curators A shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) that gives rise to the apical growth of vegetative tissues and organs. PO_GIT:36 meristema vegetativo apical del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) 栄養シュート頂端分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy vegetative meristem (related) PO:0008016 vegetative shoot apical meristem A shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) that gives rise to the apical growth of vegetative tissues and organs. Gramene:Chih-Wei_Tung meristema vegetativo apical del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 栄養シュート頂端分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) that gives rise to the apical growth of reproductive tissues and organs. PO_GIT:36 meristema apical reproductivo del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) 生殖シュート頂端 分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0008028 reproductive shoot apical meristem A shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) that gives rise to the apical growth of reproductive tissues and organs. Gramene:Chih-Wei_Tung meristema apical reproductivo del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 生殖シュート頂端 分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki The basal part of stem. base del tallo (Spanish, exact) gametophore stem base (exact) 茎基部 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0008039 stem base The basal part of stem. Gramene:Chih-Wei_Tung base del tallo (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 茎基部 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that develops from a gynoecium (PO:0009062), or a single carpel (PO:0009030), and at maturity may have as parts one or more seeds (PO:0009010). PO:0020067 PO:0020068 PO:0020069 PO:0020070 PO:0020071 PO:0020072 PO:0020073 PO:0020074 PO:0020076 PO:0020077 PO:0020078 PO:0020079 PO:0020080 PO:0020082 PO:0020083 PO:0020087 PO:0020107 aggregate fruit (broad) compound fruit (broad) dehiscent fruit (broad) diaspore (broad) indehiscent fruit (broad) multiple fruit (broad) propagule (broad) FNA:67fa41ae-b735-4d89-b5db-7631b873ef7a FNA:c13b1312-1cc5-4ace-98e2-fde12aec09da PO_GIT:76 frucht (exact, German) fruto (exact, Spanish) 果実 (exact, Japanese) coenocarp (narrow) syncarp (narrow) plant_anatomy PO:0009001 A fruit (PO:0009001) may contain additional plant structures (PO:0009011) that were part of a flower (PO:0009046) and mature along with the gynoecium, such as a receptacle (PO:0009064). A fruit may develop without fertilization in cases of parthenocarpy, apomixis, or other hormone-induced conditions and may not always contain seeds (PO:0009010). When annotating to fruit (PO:0009001) that are referred to as ‘aggregate’, ‘multiple’, or ‘compound’, please annotate directly to the appropriate plant structure, such as receptacle, hypanthium (PO:0009065) or infructescence (PO:0006342). Fruits only occur in angiosperms. fruit A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that develops from a gynoecium (PO:0009062), or a single carpel (PO:0009030), and at maturity may have as parts one or more seeds (PO:0009010). NYBG:Brandon_Sinn NYBG:Dario_Cavaliere POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators frucht (exact, German) NYBG:Brandon_Sinn NYBG:Dario_Cavaliere fruto (exact, Spanish) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 果実 (exact, Japanese) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki coenocarp (narrow) FNA:c13b1312-1cc5-4ace-98e2-fde12aec09da syncarp (narrow) FNA:67fa41ae-b735-4d89-b5db-7631b873ef7a A cell which is a plant structure (PO:0009011). cell (broad) GO:0005623 PO_GIT:56 c&#233lula vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物細胞 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0009002 Applies to cells that are living or dead at maturity (e.g., fiber cell or tracheid) and includes any external encapsulating structures (if present) such as the plasma membrane and the plant-type cell wall. Definition of cell GO:0005623: "The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope". GO:0009505. Definition of plant-type cell wall (GO:0009505): A more or less rigid structure lying outside the cell membrane of a cell and composed of cellulose and pectin and other organic and inorganic substances, synonym; exact: cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall. plant cell A cell which is a plant structure (PO:0009011). CL:0000000 POC:curators c&#233lula vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物細胞 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant axis (PO:0025004) that lacks shoot axis nodes (PO:0005004) and usually grows indeterminately. PO:0003006 FNA:bf0ce902-e91c-401a-92a8-26b20142ce5f PO_GIT:578 ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) radices (exact, plural) radix (exact) 根 (Japanese, exact) aerial root (narrow) climbing root (narrow) plant_anatomy PO:0009005 Roots function in the absorption of water and inorganic nutrients, anchoring the plant body to the substrate and supporting it, storage of food and nutrients, and vegetative reproduction. The roots of most vascular plant species enter into symbiosis with soil-borne microorganisms. Roots are usually positively geotropic and found underground, although there are many exceptions such as the aerial roots of orchids. Roots often form secondary thickening from the root lateral meristem (PO:0006308). Commonly thought of as one of the three basic parts of the plant body, along with the shoot axis (PO:0025029) and leaves (PO:0025034). root A plant axis (PO:0025004) that lacks shoot axis nodes (PO:0005004) and usually grows indeterminately. ISBN:978-0879015329 ISBN:9780964022157 NYBG:Brandon_Sinn NYBG:Dario_Cavaliere POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo radices (exact, plural) FNA:3c46e84c-23e4-416b-91cd-2f7c42e4b13d radix (exact) FNA:e6315684-fc99-4976-b39d-b356c4b7e7fd 根 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki climbing root (narrow) FNA:bf0ce902-e91c-401a-92a8-26b20142ce5f A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces shoot-borne portions of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) and the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them. FNA:02756ad4-a09c-48d7-8754-903254e557a9 FNA:d1431b5c-7b86-46a0-8d3c-bd426fe12c85 PO_GIT:135 sistema de epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) シュート系、苗条系 (Japanese, exact) tree crown (narrow) plant_anatomy Poaceae crown (related) shoot (related) thalli (related, plural) thallus (related) PO:0009006 The shoot system is generally used to refer to the above-ground plant parts, although some plants have parts of their shoot system underground. For example, a rhizome (PO:0004542), bulb (PO:0025356), a corm (PO:0025355) or a subterranean tuber (PO:0004547), as in Solanum tuberosum (potato) or yam, are all part of the shoot system. shoot system A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces shoot-borne portions of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) and the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them. POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators sistema de epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo シュート系、苗条系 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki thalli (related, plural) FNA:d1431b5c-7b86-46a0-8d3c-bd426fe12c85 thallus (related) FNA:02756ad4-a09c-48d7-8754-903254e557a9 A plant structure (PO:0009011) that consists predominantly of similarly specialized plant cells (PO:0009002) of one or more types. portion of tissue (broad) tissue (broad) PO_GIT:59 porci&#243n de un tejido vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物組織の一部 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy plant tissue (related) PO:0009007 A portion of plant tissue may contain one or several types of cells that are organized in a specific spatial arrangement into a structural unit (which includes a mass of callus) and may include an intercellular matrix. May include other types of isolated cells, such as idioblasts. portion of plant tissue A plant structure (PO:0009011) that consists predominantly of similarly specialized plant cells (PO:0009002) of one or more types. POC:curators TAIR_curator:Leonore_Reiser porci&#243n de un tejido vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物組織の一部 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that is a functional unit, is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and includes portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types that derive from a common developmental path. organ (broad) PATO:01503 PO_GIT:55 &#243rgano vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物 器官 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy compound plant organ (related) simple plant organ (related) PO:0009008 Examples include stem (PO:0009047), leaf (PO:0025034), and root (PO:0009005). May include individual plant cells (PO:0009002) that are not part of a portion of plant tissue (e.g., idioblasts, PO:0000283). A plant organ may have one or more different plant organs as parts, such as a sporophyll (PO:0009026) that may have as part a sporangium (PO:0025094) or a carpel (PO:0009030) that may have as part a plant ovule (PO:0020003). plant organ A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that is a functional unit, is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and includes portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types that derive from a common developmental path. POC:curators &#243rgano vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物 器官 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki simple plant organ (related) PATO:01503 A plant anatomical entity (PO:0025131) that is, or was, part of a plant, or was derived from a part of a plant. PO_GIT:57 estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物 構造 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0009011 'Part' includes both proper parts and the whole plant. CARO:0000003 'connected anatomical structure' is defined as: Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape, generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. These terms (i.e., subclasses of plant structure) can be used to describe the location of a plant gall (e.g., on leaf or stem) and also the parts of a gall (e.g., nectary, larval chamber). plant structure A plant anatomical entity (PO:0025131) that is, or was, part of a plant, or was derived from a part of a plant. CARO:0000003 PO:cooperl POC:curators estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物 構造 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki These terms (i.e., subclasses of plant structure) can be used to describe the location of a plant gall (e.g., on leaf or stem) and also the parts of a gall (e.g., nectary, larval chamber). A stage in the life of a plant structure (PO:0009011) during which the plant structure undergoes developmental processes. PO:0007021 PO_GIT:185 TAIR:0000205 etapa de desarrollo de estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact) plant growth and development stage (exact) plant_structure_development_stage Arabidopsis growth (related) PO:0009012 Refers to GO:0032502 'developmental process', which includes growth, differentiation, and senescence, and BFO:0000003 'ocurrent'. plant structure development stage A stage in the life of a plant structure (PO:0009011) during which the plant structure undergoes developmental processes. BFO:0000003 GO:0032502 POC:curators etapa de desarrollo de estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo Arabidopsis growth (related) TAIR:0000205 A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) in which plant cells (PO:0009002) have retained their embryonic characteristics, or have reverted to them secondarily, and that divide to produce new cells that can undergo differentiation to form mature tissues, i.e. they have a capacity for morphogenesis and growth. PO_GIT:472 meristem (exact) meristema (Spanish, exact) meristematic tissue (exact) 分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0009013 portion of meristem tissue A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) in which plant cells (PO:0009002) have retained their embryonic characteristics, or have reverted to them secondarily, and that divide to produce new cells that can undergo differentiation to form mature tissues, i.e. they have a capacity for morphogenesis and growth. APweb:Glossary Gramene:Pankaj_Jaiswal meristema (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that has as part one or more tracheary elements (PO:0000290) or sieve elements (PO:0025406). BTO:0001432 PO_GIT:431 porci&#243n de tejido vascular (Spanish, exact) vascular tissue (exact) 維管束細胞の一部 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy vascular system (related) PO:0009015 Functions in conduction and support. In shoot axes (PO:0025029), vascular tissue is often found as part of a shoot axis stele (PO:0025198) or as scattered vascular bundles (PO:0005020). May include other types of tissues or cells, such as parenchyma (PO:0005421) or fiber cells (PO:0025407). portion of vascular tissue A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that has as part one or more tracheary elements (PO:0000290) or sieve elements (PO:0025406). POC:curators porci&#243n de tejido vascular (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 維管束細胞の一部 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is the outermost layer of a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and gives rise to a shoot system epidermis (PO:0006035). PO_GIT:150 PO_GIT:576 meristema L1 (Spanish, exact) 分裂組織 L1 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy tunica (related) PO:0009020 The cells of the meristem L1 layer divide in a strictly anticlinical fashion. meristem L1 layer A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is the outermost layer of a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and gives rise to a shoot system epidermis (PO:0006035). Gramene:Pankaj_Jaiswal PMID:11283725 PMID:12221985 POC:Laurel_Cooper meristema L1 (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 分裂組織 L1 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki An axil that is the space between a shoot axis and a leaf that branches from the shoot axis. PO_GIT:104 hoja axilar (Spanish, exact) 葉軸 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0009023 leaf axil An axil that is the space between a shoot axis and a leaf that branches from the shoot axis. POC:Ramona_Walls hoja axilar (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 葉軸 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A leaf (PO:0025034) in a vascular plant. FNA:06544712-db97-4208-b188-c4b756a53c72 FNA:30c47c20-f459-4518-8657-feed7eb92fe4 FNA:30d8bef3-ad1a-44ed-a995-24c3e342aefd FNA:8654d268-1e4c-4edf-b937-82a965b4edef FNA:87e7efa9-89d7-4249-be74-bc22a0466a05 FNA:a4dc40f4-92f9-4ba5-b616-a84564f63fed FNA:a97f1513-7684-49d4-92f5-934d1c8b3e1c FNA:c1142d9b-c42a-45e1-93ac-9cbe9575321e FNA:c26c826a-30d6-494e-a2f1-05540465c9fc FNA:d3928bf3-1d8a-4fe5-a728-95c13c3a0f90 FNA:d894ba18-4523-484c-abab-26d1cac75bc4 PO_GIT:137 foliage leaf (exact) hoja vascular (Spanish, exact) leaf, vascular (exact) vascular leaves (exact, plural) 維管束のある葉, または維管束植物の葉 (Japanese, exact) ascidia (narrow) ascidium (narrow) fiddlehead (narrow) frond (narrow) needle-like leaf (narrow) pitcher (narrow) pitcher blade (narrow) pitcher-blade (narrow) scale-like leaf (narrow) sterile frond (narrow) trophophyll (narrow) plant_anatomy crozier (related) macrophyll (related) megaphyll (related) PO:0009025 Has vascular tissue. From APweb Glossary: In angiosperms, commonly thought of as one of the three basic parts of the seed plant body, a structure usually of determinate growth, without secondary thickening, and of superficial origin, often flattened and photosynthetic in part, and in the axil of which is found a bud. Occurs in the sporophytic phase of a plant life cycle. vascular leaf A leaf (PO:0025034) in a vascular plant. POC:curators hoja vascular (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo vascular leaves (exact, plural) FNA:c7d9d167-4121-43b0-b2fe-bb1ae9d6d3a6 維管束のある葉, または維管束植物の葉 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki ascidia (narrow) FNA:06544712-db97-4208-b188-c4b756a53c72 ascidium (narrow) FNA:a97f1513-7684-49d4-92f5-934d1c8b3e1c fiddlehead (narrow) FNA:d894ba18-4523-484c-abab-26d1cac75bc4 pitcher (narrow) FNA:30d8bef3-ad1a-44ed-a995-24c3e342aefd pitcher blade (narrow) FNA:d3928bf3-1d8a-4fe5-a728-95c13c3a0f90 pitcher-blade (narrow) FNA:30c47c20-f459-4518-8657-feed7eb92fe4 sterile frond (narrow) FNA:a4dc40f4-92f9-4ba5-b616-a84564f63fed trophophyll (narrow) FNA:8654d268-1e4c-4edf-b937-82a965b4edef crozier (related) FNA:87e7efa9-89d7-4249-be74-bc22a0466a05 macrophyll (related) FNA:c1142d9b-c42a-45e1-93ac-9cbe9575321e megaphyll (related) FNA:c26c826a-30d6-494e-a2f1-05540465c9fc A portion of secretory tissue (PO:0005656) which is a multicellular glandular structure secreting a liquid containing organic substances, including sugars. A portion of secretory tissue (PO:0005656) which is a multicellular glandular structure secreting a liquid containing organic substances, including sugars. PO_GIT:659 nectario (Spanish, exact) 蜜腺 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0009035 nectary nectary A portion of secretory tissue (PO:0005656) which is a multicellular glandular structure secreting a liquid containing organic substances, including sugars. Gramene:Pankaj_Jaiswal ISBN:0471245208 POC:Laurel_Cooper nectario (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 蜜腺 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A determinate reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082) that has as part at least one carpel (PO:0009030) or at least one stamen (PO:0009029) and does not contain any other determinate shoot system (PO:0009006) as a part. PO:0004541 PO_GIT:160 PO_GIT:259 flor (Spanish, exact) 花 (Japanese, exact) Asteraceae floret (narrow) basal flower (narrow) double flower (narrow) hermaphrodite flower (narrow) monoclinous flower (narrow) perfect flower (narrow) plant_anatomy floret (related) PO:0009046 The characteristic reproductive structure of angiosperms. May have as part one or more petals, sepals or tepals. May contain one or more pistillode (PO:0009078), staminode (PO:0009077) or other aborted organs that don't show up in mature form. flower A determinate reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082) that has as part at least one carpel (PO:0009030) or at least one stamen (PO:0009029) and does not contain any other determinate shoot system (PO:0009006) as a part. POC:curators flor (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 花 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki basal flower (narrow) CO_125:0000019 hermaphrodite flower (narrow) CO_125:0000028 A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is the primary axis of a plant. FNA:201dbd71-51cd-4138-8f61-3c3fdd55d02d FNA:3c0e37e8-e363-4962-847e-5f9f2906d0f8 FNA:58fb080c-dd6b-4172-b564-737091c72980 FNA:a5ba9e16-e0af-4430-a3a0-7aeb052fbffd FNA:cea24c10-d5ff-435f-aa40-db77dcbd27f0 PO_GIT:52 PO_GIT:96 ca&#241a (Spanish, exact) culm (exact) eje primario (Spanish, exact) primary axis (exact) primary stem (exact) tallo (Spanish, exact) tronco (Spanish, exact) 茎 (Japanese, exact) bole (narrow) cane (narrow) caudex (narrow) caudices (narrow, plural) core (narrow) primocane (narrow) scape (narrow) stalk (narrow) trunk (narrow) plant_anatomy PO:0009047 A stem often bears leaves and buds. It is usually above ground, and is more or less negatively geotropic. stem A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is the primary axis of a plant. POC:curators ca&#241a (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo eje primario (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo primary stem (exact) FNA:e3b142f6-37cf-4c1f-be07-b64a90feb131 tallo (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo tronco (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 茎 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki bole (narrow) FNA:a5ba9e16-e0af-4430-a3a0-7aeb052fbffd caudex (narrow) FNA:cea24c10-d5ff-435f-aa40-db77dcbd27f0 caudices (narrow, plural) FNA:3c0e37e8-e363-4962-847e-5f9f2906d0f8 primocane (narrow) FNA:58fb080c-dd6b-4172-b564-737091c72980 scape (narrow) FNA:201dbd71-51cd-4138-8f61-3c3fdd55d02d A reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082) that has as parts all of the shoot axes (PO:0025029) and flowers (PO:0009046; must have two or more) distal to the most distal leaf (PO:0009025). PO:0009048 PO:0009050 PO:0020088 PO:0020111 PO:0020112 PO:0020113 PO:0020114 PO:0020115 PO:0020116 PO:0020117 PO:0020118 PO:0020119 PO:0020120 PO_GIT:260 PO_GIT:71 inflorescencia (Spanish, exact) 花序 (Japanese, exact) Triticeae spike (narrow) plant_anatomy PO:0009049 An inflorescence is a reproductive shoot system from which at least two flowers develop. The growth pattern of an inflorescence may be monopodial (single main shoot axis), sympodial (growth only occurs from axillary meristems), or both. An inflorescence axis (PO:0020122) can be determinate or indeterminate. An inflorescence flower pedicel (PO:0009052) is the ultimate axis in an inflorescence. The flower (PO:0009046) of many plants, for example Magnolia spp., is solitary. inflorescence A reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082) that has as parts all of the shoot axes (PO:0025029) and flowers (PO:0009046; must have two or more) distal to the most distal leaf (PO:0009025). NYBG:Brandon_Sinn NYBG:Dario_Cavaliere POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:Ramona_Walls inflorescencia (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 花序 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A collective phyllome structure (PO:0025023) composed all of the carpels (PO:0009030) in a flower (PO:0009046). PO:0006317 PO:0006357 PO:0006365 PO:0006384 PO:0006391 PO:0006394 PO:0006403 PO:0006404 PO:0006423 PO:0006424 PO:0006425 PO:0006426 PO:0025089 pistil (broad) PO_GIT:470 PO_GIT:71 PO_GIT:98 ginoecio (Spanish, exact) gynaecium (exact) gynoecia (exact, plural) 雌蕊群 (Japanese, exact) Poaceae gynoecium (narrow) Zea gynoecium (narrow) apocarpous gynoecium (narrow) gynoecium of ear floret (narrow) gynoecium of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (narrow) gynoecium of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (narrow) gynoecium of lower floret of sessile spikelet of ear (narrow) gynoecium of lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (narrow) gynoecium of tassel floret (narrow) gynoecium of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (narrow) gynoecium of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (narrow) gynoecium of upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (narrow) gynoecium of upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (narrow) syncarpous gynoecium (narrow) plant_anatomy PO:0009062 If annotating gene expression to a gynoecium with a single carpel (PO:0009030), the annotation should go on carpel. A gynoecium with two or more carpels may be either syncarpous (carpels fused) or apopcarpous (carpels free) or the carpels may be partially fused. The word pistil is used synonymously with gynoecium for a synocarpous gynoecium, and synonymously with carpel for an apocarpous gynoecium, whether it has one or more carpels. In Zea mays, gynoecia of tassel florets and of the lower florets of ear spikelets usually do not develop fully, and they are present in a rudimentary state. If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), ear floret (PO:0006354), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006353), lower floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006351), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006350), upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006352), tassel floret (PO:0006310), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006313), lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006315), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006314), upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006316). gynoecium A collective phyllome structure (PO:0025023) composed all of the carpels (PO:0009030) in a flower (PO:0009046). POC:curators ginoecio (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo gynaecium (exact) FNA:03f034c5-6bd6-4846-8ef7-c5190d09008c gynoecia (exact, plural) FNA:226a743c-7988-4b66-b163-2ce80d7c8a70 雌蕊群 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A stalk (PO:0025066) of a vascular leaf (PO:0009025). A stalk (PO:0025066) of a vascular leaf (PO:0009025). pec&#237olo (Spanish, exact) 葉柄 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0020038 petiole petiole A stalk (PO:0025066) of a vascular leaf (PO:0009025). APweb:Glossary Gramene:Pankaj_Jaiswal pec&#237olo (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 葉柄 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A phyllome lamina (PO:0025396) that is the part of a leaf (PO:0025034) exclusive of the petiole (PO:0020038) or leaf sheath (PO:0020104), if either is present. PO_GIT:428 PO_GIT:70 l&#225mina de la hoja (Spanish, exact) 葉身（葉片） (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy leaf blade (related) PO:0020039 A leaf lamina is usually dorsiventrally flattened, but may be flattened in a median plant (perpendicular to the axis) in the case of phyllodes (PO:0025335) or other ensiform leaves (PO:0025333). This term should not be used for leaves that are not laminar (flat), like round leaves in Allium or needle-like leaves in Pinus or some Proteaceae. If you are annotating to this term, please add an additional annotation to vascular leaf (PO:0009025) or non-vascular leaf (PO:0025075), depending on the species. All annotations for angiosperms, gymnosperms, and pteridophytes should go to vascular leaf and all annotations for bryophytes should go to non-vascular leaf. leaf lamina A phyllome lamina (PO:0025396) that is the part of a leaf (PO:0025034) exclusive of the petiole (PO:0020038) or leaf sheath (PO:0020104), if either is present. POC:curators l&#225mina de la hoja (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 葉身（葉片） (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A leaf having two or more distinct leaflets that are evident as such from early in development. hoja compuesta (Spanish, exact) 複葉 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0020043 compound leaf A leaf having two or more distinct leaflets that are evident as such from early in development. APweb:Glossary hoja compuesta (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 複葉 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is one of the ultimate segments of a compound leaf (PO:0020043). A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is one of the ultimate segments of a compound leaf (PO:0020043). FNA:1d6bb560-f346-409b-b078-9bd2fd30e472 FNA:6e19c80b-c4a0-4d62-bf40-3206dce4af1c FNA:9fc865bf-ac88-4ea9-a4e9-0d7b2b31cf44 PO_GIT:70 fol&#237olo (Spanish, exact) 小葉 (Japanese, exact) pinna (narrow) pinnae (narrow, plural) pinnule (narrow) plant_anatomy PO:0020049 leaflet leaflet A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is one of the ultimate segments of a compound leaf (PO:0020043). APweb:Glossary POC:laurel_cooper fol&#237olo (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 小葉 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki pinna (narrow) FNA:9fc865bf-ac88-4ea9-a4e9-0d7b2b31cf44 pinnae (narrow, plural) FNA:1d6bb560-f346-409b-b078-9bd2fd30e472 pinnule (narrow) FNA:6e19c80b-c4a0-4d62-bf40-3206dce4af1c A scale leaf that surrounds a dormant or perennating bud. bud scale (exact) escama de la yema (Spanish, exact) 芽鱗片葉 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0020054 bud scale leaf A scale leaf that surrounds a dormant or perennating bud. UMSL_curator:tk escama de la yema (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 芽鱗片葉 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A phyllome margin (PO:0025018) that is part of a leaf (PO:0025034). A phyllome margin (PO:0025018) that is part of a leaf (PO:0025034). PO_GIT:85 margen de la hoja (Spanish, exact) 葉縁 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0020128 If you are annotating to this term, please add an additional annotation to vascular leaf (PO:0009025) or non-vascular leaf (PO:0025075), depending on the species. All annotations for angiosperms, gymnosperms, and pteridophytes should go to vascular leaf and all annotations for bryophytes should go to non-vascular leaf. leaf margin leaf margin A phyllome margin (PO:0025018) that is part of a leaf (PO:0025034). POC:curators margen de la hoja (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 葉縁 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A phyllome lamina vein (PO:0025348) that is part of a leaf lamina vascular system (PO:0000048). A phyllome lamina vein (PO:0025348) that is part of a leaf lamina vascular system (PO:0000048). PO_GIT:410 PO_GIT:435 leaf lamina vascular bundle (exact) leaf lamina vein vena de la hoja (Spanish, exact) 葉身葉脈 ？ (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0020138 leaf lamina vein leaf vein A phyllome lamina vein (PO:0025348) that is part of a leaf lamina vascular system (PO:0000048). POC:curators vena de la hoja (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 葉身葉脈 ？ (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A primary leaf vein (PO:0025413) that is the central vein of a vascular leaf (PO:0009025). A primary leaf vein (PO:0025413) that is the central vein of a vascular leaf (PO:0009025). mid rib (broad) mid-rib (broad) midrib (broad) FNA:d0ce6c67-625d-4187-bd50-3af01e6e68a6 FNA:e05450e0-b820-465a-ba99-ced17c5a34b0 PO_GIT:435 vascular leaf midvein vascular leaf midvein (exact) vena media vena media (Spanish, exact) 葉主脈、中央脈、中脈 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy mid rib mid-rib midrib vascular leaf costa (related) vascular leaf costae (related, plural) PO:0020139 Often the most prominent vein of a vascular leaf. See costa (PO:0030072) for the central conductive strand of a non-vascular leaf (PO:0025075). leaf midvein leaf midvein A primary leaf vein (PO:0025413) that is the central vein of a vascular leaf (PO:0009025). POC:curators vena media (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 葉主脈、中央脈、中脈 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki vascular leaf costa (related) FNA:e05450e0-b820-465a-ba99-ced17c5a34b0 vascular leaf costae (related, plural) FNA:d0ce6c67-625d-4187-bd50-3af01e6e68a6 A leaf lamina vein (PO:0020138) arising from a primary leaf vein (PO:0025413). A leaf lamina vein (PO:0020138) arising from a primary leaf vein (PO:0025413). FNA:dba43715-e71f-4192-87a2-489f5b9b4c82 PO_GIT:435 vena secundaria (Spanish, exact) 二次葉脈 (Japanese, exact) cross-vein (narrow) plant_anatomy veinlet (related) PO:0020140 Vein orders only apply to hierarchically branching vein patterns, not to dichotomously branching vein patterns, as found in some ferns and gymnosperms. secondary leaf vein secondary leaf vein A leaf lamina vein (PO:0020138) arising from a primary leaf vein (PO:0025413). Gramene:Pankaj_Jaiswal vena secundaria (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 二次葉脈 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki cross-vein (narrow) FNA:dba43715-e71f-4192-87a2-489f5b9b4c82 A maximal portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) located at a shoot apex (PO:0000037) or root tip (PO:0000025). promeristem (broad) PO_GIT:579 AM (exact) meristema apical (Spanish, exact) 頂端分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy primary meristem (related) PO:0020144 apical meristem A maximal portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) located at a shoot apex (PO:0000037) or root tip (PO:0000025). Gramene:Pankaj_Jaiswal POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators meristema apical (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 頂端分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of meristem (PO:0009013) tissue located parallel to the sides of a shoot axis (PO:0025029) or root (PO:0009005) that participates in lateral growth. PO_GIT:437 lateral growth meristem (exact) meristema lateral (Spanish, exact) 側 分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy secondary meristem (related) PO:0020145 A term for lateral growth has been requested in GO. Lateral meristems contribute to an increase in the cross-sectional area of a shoot axis or root. Examples of lateral meristems are: cambium (PO:0005597) (includes cork cambium (PO:0005599) and vascular cambium (PO:0005598)), shoot lateral meristem (PO:0006344) (includes primary thickening meristem (PO:0005039)), root lateral meristem (PO:0006308), and secondary thickening meristem (PO:0025414). Contrasts with apical meristem (PO:0020144), phyllome marginal meristem (PO:0025404), or intercalary meristem (PO:0006073). lateral meristem A portion of meristem (PO:0009013) tissue located parallel to the sides of a shoot axis (PO:0025029) or root (PO:0009005) that participates in lateral growth. ISBN:047125208 meristema lateral (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 側 分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A shoot system meristem (PO:0006079) formed at the apex of the shoot axis (PO:0025029), including those originating from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232). promeristem (broad) PO_GIT:472 SAM (exact) meristema apical del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) 茎頂分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy primary shoot meristem (related) PO:0020148 shoot apical meristem A shoot system meristem (PO:0006079) formed at the apex of the shoot axis (PO:0025029), including those originating from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232). POC:Laurel_Cooper UMSL_curator:fz meristema apical del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 茎頂分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A cardinal part of multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025498) that is a proper part of a plant organ (PO:0009008) and includes portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types. rwalls 2010-02-11T01:18:24Z PO_GIT:52 PO_GIT:60 cardinal part of plant organ (exact) parte de un &#243rgano cardinal (Spanish, exact) 基本的な（主要な）器官部 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025001 Cardinal refers to the fact that these are biologically meaningful and not arbitrary parts. Examples include petiole (PO:0020038), lamina (PO:0025060), and leaflet (PO:0020049). See also collective organ part structure (PO:0025269), for plant structures composed of parts of multiple organs. cardinal organ part A cardinal part of multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025498) that is a proper part of a plant organ (PO:0009008) and includes portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types. POC:curators parte de un &#243rgano cardinal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 基本的な（主要な）器官部 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki An axial plant organ (PO:0009008). rwalls 2010-07-01T03:44:41Z eje de la planta (Spanish, exact) plant axes (exact, plural) 植物軸（軸柱） (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025004 Includes roots and shoots. plant axis An axial plant organ (PO:0009008). POC:curators eje de la planta (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo plant axes (exact, plural) FNA:2355281f-ab10-4ae2-a3d8-672cace068a8 植物軸（軸柱） (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is the edge of a plant organ (PO:0009008) and the area immediately internally adjacent to it. rwalls 2010-03-12T10:33:57Z PO_GIT:52 PO_GIT:70 PO_GIT:72 margen de un &#243rgano (Spanish, exact) 器官縁 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025005 Only flattened or laminar plant organs or organ parts will have a margin. plant organ margin A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is the edge of a plant organ (PO:0009008) and the area immediately internally adjacent to it. POC:curators POC:laurel_cooper margen de un &#243rgano (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 器官縁 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A collective plant structure (PO:0025497) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and is composed of two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) and the associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007). rwalls 2010-02-09T04:12:11Z PO_GIT:63 estructura vegetal colectiva de &#243rgano (Spanish, exact) 集合植物器官構造 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025007 Organs can be of the same type or different types. Examples include flower (PO:0009046), perianth (PO:0009058), and inflorescence (PO:0009049). See also collective organ part structure (PO:0025269), for plant structures composed of parts of multiple organs, but no complete plant organs. This was formerly named collective plant structure. collective plant organ structure A collective plant structure (PO:0025497) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and is composed of two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) and the associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007). POC:curators estructura vegetal colectiva de &#243rgano (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 集合植物器官構造 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant organ margin (PO:0025005) that is part of a phyllome lamina (PO:0025396). rwalls 2010-04-02T10:51:16Z PO_GIT:70 margen del filoma (Spanish, exact) フィロム縁 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025018 phyllome margin A plant organ margin (PO:0025005) that is part of a phyllome lamina (PO:0025396). POC:curators POC:laurel_cooper margen del filoma (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo フィロム縁 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that consists of two or more phyllomes (PO:0006001) originating from the same node or from one or more adjacent nodes with compressed shoot internodes (PO:0005005). Laurel_Cooper 2010-04-28T11:04:34Z PO:0008033 cycle (broad) verticil (broad) FNA:12607624-3d2a-4113-bd86-0e2557f2f473 FNA:d42df0a9-60f4-4c24-9c0b-ba815272f2fe GO:0048438 GO:0048457 GO:0048458 GO:0048459 PO_GIT:90 PO_GIT:99 estructura colectiva del filoma (Spanish, exact) 葉的器官が集まった構造 (Japanese, exact) floral whorl (narrow) whorl (narrow) plant_anatomy phyllome whorl (related) PO:0025023 collective phyllome structure A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that consists of two or more phyllomes (PO:0006001) originating from the same node or from one or more adjacent nodes with compressed shoot internodes (PO:0005005). POC:curators cycle (broad) FNA:d42df0a9-60f4-4c24-9c0b-ba815272f2fe verticil (broad) FNA:12607624-3d2a-4113-bd86-0e2557f2f473 estructura colectiva del filoma (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 葉的器官が集まった構造 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki floral whorl (narrow) GO:0048438 GO:0048457 GO:0048458 GO:0048459 A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces root meristems (PO:0006085), the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them and the parts thereof. rwalls 2010-07-01T02:11:26Z root (broad) FNA:b7ce680b-c6ed-4d2e-81e6-66970f7deff9 PO_GIT:136 sistema de ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) 根系 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025025 Generally the below ground portion of a vascular plant. root system A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces root meristems (PO:0006085), the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them and the parts thereof. POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators root (broad) FNA:b7ce680b-c6ed-4d2e-81e6-66970f7deff9 sistema de ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 根系 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant axis (PO:0025004) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006). rwalls 2010-07-01T03:46:35Z caullome (exact) eje del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) シュート軸 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy shoot (related) PO:0025029 Often bears leaves and branches. In vascular plants, has at least one node and one internode. shoot axis A plant axis (PO:0025004) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006). POC:curators eje del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo シュート軸 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A phyllome (PO:0006001) that is not associated with a reproductive structure. rwalls 2010-07-12T01:31:44Z PO_GIT:274 PO_GIT:301 hoja (Spanish, exact) 葉 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025034 leaf A phyllome (PO:0006001) that is not associated with a reproductive structure. POC:curators hoja (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 葉 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki Any portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) other than epidermis (PO:0005679) or vascular tissue (PO:0009015). Laurel_Cooper 2009-12-17T03:06:13Z PO_GIT:106 fundamental tissue (exact) porci&#243n del tejido fundamental (Spanish, exact) 基本組織の一部 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025059 Develops from the ground meristem (PO:0025594). portion of ground tissue Any portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) other than epidermis (PO:0005679) or vascular tissue (PO:0009015). ISBN:0471244554 ISBN:0716710072 fundamental tissue (exact) ISBN:0471244554 porci&#243n del tejido fundamental (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 基本組織の一部 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A cardinal part of multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025498) that is thin and flat. Laurel_Cooper 2009-12-18T11:23:59Z PO_GIT:428 PO_GIT:70 blade (exact) l&#225mina (Spanish, exact) laminae (exact, plural) 葉身、葉片 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025060 PATO:0000407 (flat) and PATO:0000592 (thin). lamina A cardinal part of multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025498) that is thin and flat. POC:curators blade (exact) FNA:7dd0c248-f531-4cfe-b196-882e99f4c32b l&#225mina (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo laminae (exact, plural) FNA:12cea564-84fd-40c9-9671-1db2ec4eac90 葉身、葉片 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is elongated and sub-cylindrical to cylindrical and supports another cardinal organ part. Laurel_Cooper 2009-12-18T10:09:17Z FNA:21cee2f5-016a-44c6-b7a5-1fff6adc7e35 PATO:0001873 PATO:0002226 PO_GIT:52 PO_GIT:78 tallo de alto orden (secundario, terciario, etc) (Spanish, exact) 柄 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy stipe (related) PO:0025066 Some stalks may be ridged or grooved. stalk A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is elongated and sub-cylindrical to cylindrical and supports another cardinal organ part. POC:curators tallo de alto orden (secundario, terciario, etc) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 柄 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki stipe (related) FNA:21cee2f5-016a-44c6-b7a5-1fff6adc7e35 A shoot axis (PO:00025029) that develops from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232) or from equal divisions of a meristematic apical cell (PO:0030007). rwalls 2010-07-01T04:21:46Z FNA:32d32293-adee-47ae-b1ba-bd9bd22230c2 PO_GIT:134 ramificaci&#243n (Spanish, exact) shoot axis branch (exact) 枝 (Japanese, exact) branchlet (narrow) higher order axis (narrow) secondary axis (narrow) tertiary axis (narrow) twig (narrow) plant_anatomy stem twig PO:0025073 In vascular plants, branches arise from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232) and from divisions of the meristematic apical cell (PO:0030007) in non-vascular plants. branch A shoot axis (PO:00025029) that develops from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232) or from equal divisions of a meristematic apical cell (PO:0030007). POC:curators ramificaci&#243n (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo shoot axis branch (exact) POC:curators 枝 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki branchlet (narrow) FNA:32d32293-adee-47ae-b1ba-bd9bd22230c2 A shoot system (PO:0009006) in the sporophytic phase that has as part at least one sporangium (PO:0025094). rwalls 2010-09-17T09:49:10Z sistema de brote reproductivo (Spanish, exact) 生殖シュート 系、苗条系 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025082 reproductive shoot system A shoot system (PO:0009006) in the sporophytic phase that has as part at least one sporangium (PO:0025094). POC:curators sistema de brote reproductivo (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 生殖シュート 系、苗条系 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is part of a plant structure and consists of a narrow band of cells that undergoes dehiscence upon maturation of the structure. rwalls 2010-10-27T11:07:17Z GO:0009900 zona de dehiscencia (Spanish, exact) 裂開帯 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025092 dehiscence zone A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is part of a plant structure and consists of a narrow band of cells that undergoes dehiscence upon maturation of the structure. POC:curators zona de dehiscencia (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 裂開帯 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki An anatomical space that is part of a plant. rwalls 2010-11-10T11:57:16Z FNA:322646fb-30bf-422d-8373-9f91f48fd28b FNA:8e5eb686-8308-4cd7-aaee-75fe9a36d042 FNA:b069a022-2be0-43b4-8efa-4ad13ff17639 FNA:e3941c37-b2f0-468f-b857-0c3d095d71b1 PO_GIT:203 espacio anat&#243mico vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物 解剖学（形態）的空間 (Japanese, exact) lacuna (narrow) lacunae (narrow, plural) lumen (narrow) lumina (narrow, plural) plant_anatomy PO:0025117 CARO:0000005 'anatomical space' is defined as: An immaterial anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes, and is bounded by an anatomical surface. plant anatomical space An anatomical space that is part of a plant. CARO:0000005 PO:cooperl POC:curators espacio anat&#243mico vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物 解剖学（形態）的空間 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki lacuna (narrow) FNA:8e5eb686-8308-4cd7-aaee-75fe9a36d042 lacunae (narrow, plural) FNA:322646fb-30bf-422d-8373-9f91f48fd28b lumen (narrow) FNA:b069a022-2be0-43b4-8efa-4ad13ff17639 lumina (narrow, plural) FNA:e3941c37-b2f0-468f-b857-0c3d095d71b1 A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that has as parts protoderm (PO:0006210) and sub-epidermal meristematic tissue and is committed to the development of a particular plant structure (PO:0009011). rwalls 2010-11-15T09:10:22Z PO_GIT:186 portion of primordial tissue (exact) portion of primordium tissue (exact) primordia (exact, plural) primordio (Spanish, exact) 原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025127 A primordium appears as a protrusion and is the first distinct form of a plant organ (PO:0009008), cardinal organ part (PO:0025001), or collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007). The transition from a primordium to the plant structure it develops into is marked by the development of non-meristematic cells, although meristematic cells may be present after the transition. primordium A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that has as parts protoderm (PO:0006210) and sub-epidermal meristematic tissue and is committed to the development of a particular plant structure (PO:0009011). POC:curators primordia (exact, plural) primordio (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) and is part of a shoot apex (PO:0000037) and is committed to the development of a phyllome (PO:0006001). rwalls 2010-11-15T09:27:11Z PO_GIT:466 phyllome primordia (exact, plural) portion of phyllome primordium tissue (exact) primordio del filoma (Spanish, exact) フィロム原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025128 The transition from phyllome primordium to phyllome occurs when the first non-meristematic tissue develops begins to develop. phyllome primordium A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) and is part of a shoot apex (PO:0000037) and is committed to the development of a phyllome (PO:0006001). PMID:11572953 POC:curators phyllome primordia (exact, plural) primordio del filoma (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo フィロム原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A lamina (PO:0025060) that is part of a petiole (PO:0020038). rwalls 2010-11-15T10:28:38Z PO_GIT:428 l&#225mina (ala) del pec&#237olo (Spanish, exact) 葉柄葉身、葉片 (Japanese, exact) petiole wing (narrow) plant_anatomy PO:0025129 The entire petiole may be laminar, or the petiole may be more or less rounded in cross section with laminar extensions. petiole lamina A lamina (PO:0025060) that is part of a petiole (PO:0020038). POC:curators l&#225mina (ala) del pec&#237olo (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 葉柄葉身、葉片 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki petiole wing (narrow) CO_125:0000005 An anatomical entity that is or was part of a plant. rwalls 2010-11-15T11:41:38Z PO_GIT:224 entidad anat&#243mica vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物 解剖学（形態）的実体 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025131 Includes both material entities such as plant structures and immaterial entities such as plant anatomical spaces. CARO:0000000 'anatomical entity' is defined as: A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity aboove the level of a protein complex. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. Refers to BFO:0000004 'independent continuant'. plant anatomical entity cjm An anatomical entity that is or was part of a plant. BFO:0000004 CARO:0000000 CAROC:Brownsville2014 POC:curators entidad anat&#243mica vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物 解剖学（形態）的実体 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of shoot system epidermis (PO:0006035) that is part of a phyllome (PO:0006001). rwalls 2010-11-15T02:32:53Z epidermis del filoma (Spanish, exact) フィロム表皮 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025157 phyllome epidermis A portion of shoot system epidermis (PO:0006035) that is part of a phyllome (PO:0006001). POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators epidermis del filoma (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo フィロム表皮 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of shoot axis epidermis (PO:0000112) that is part of a stem (PO:0009047). rwalls 2010-11-22T09:56:21Z PO_GIT:111 epidermis del tallo (Spanish, exact) 茎表皮 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy culm epidermis (related) PO:0025178 stem epidermis A portion of shoot axis epidermis (PO:0000112) that is part of a stem (PO:0009047). POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:Ramona_Walls epidermis del tallo (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 茎表皮 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of shoot axis epidermis (PO:0006035) that is part of a branch (PO:0025073). rwalls 2010-11-22T09:58:06Z epidermis de la ramificaci&#243n (Spanish, exact) 枝 表皮 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025179 branch epidermis A portion of shoot axis epidermis (PO:0006035) that is part of a branch (PO:0025073). POC:Ramona_Walls epidermis de la ramificaci&#243n (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 枝 表皮 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A trichome that is part of a phyllome epidermis. rwalls 2010-12-06T01:17:31Z tricoma del filoma (Spanish, exact) フィロム毛（毛茸、糸状体） (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025186 phyllome trichome A trichome that is part of a phyllome epidermis. POC:Ramona_Walls tricoma del filoma (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo フィロム毛（毛茸、糸状体） (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A vascular system (PO:0000034) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006). rwalls 2010-12-17T09:34:58Z PO_GIT:41 sistema vascular del sistema del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) シュート系維管系 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025205 shoot system vascular system A vascular system (PO:0000034) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006). POC:Ramona_Walls sistema vascular del sistema del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo シュート系維管系 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A vascular system (PO:0000034) that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a phyllome (PO:0006001). rwalls 2010-12-17T10:11:07Z PO_GIT:41 sistema vascular del filoma (Spanish, exact) フィロム維管系 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025206 phyllome vascular system フィロム維管系 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A vascular system (PO:0000034) that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a phyllome (PO:0006001). POC:Ramona_Walls sistema vascular del filoma (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo A shoot apex that has as part a reproductive shoot apical meristem. rwalls 2010-12-20T08:47:03Z &#225pice reproductivo del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) 生殖シュート頂、茎頂 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025222 reproductive shoot apex A shoot apex that has as part a reproductive shoot apical meristem. POC:Ramona_Walls &#225pice reproductivo del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 生殖シュート頂、茎頂 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A shoot apex PO:0000037) that has as part a vegetative shoot apical meristem (PO:0008016). rwalls 2010-12-20T08:47:03Z PO_GIT:234 &#225pice vegetativo del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) 栄養シュート頂、栄養枝頂 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025223 vegetative shoot apex A shoot apex PO:0000037) that has as part a vegetative shoot apical meristem (PO:0008016). POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:Ramona_Walls &#225pice vegetativo del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 栄養シュート頂、栄養枝頂 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant anatomical space that is the space between a shoot axis and a leaf, bract, or branch that branches from the shoot axis. rwalls 2010-12-20T08:59:45Z axila (Spanish, exact) 腋、軸 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025224 axil A plant anatomical space that is the space between a shoot axis and a leaf, bract, or branch that branches from the shoot axis. POC:curators axila (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 腋、軸 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A maximal whole plant development stage. rwalls 2011-10-19T10:54:37Z PO_GIT:230 vida de la planta entera (Spanish, exact) 植物体の一生 (Japanese, exact) plant_structure_development_stage PO:0025337 There are only two types of life of whole plant. Every life of a whole plant is either a maximal gametophyte stage or a maximal sporophyte stage. life of whole plant stage A maximal whole plant development stage. POC:curators vida de la planta entera (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物体の一生 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant structure development stage (PO:0009012) that has as primary participant a collective plant structure (PO:0025497). rwalls 2011-10-19T11:12:49Z PO_GIT:391 etapa de desarrollo de una estructura colectiva de la planta (Spanish, exact) 集合的植物構造の発生過程 (Japanese, exact) plant_structure_development_stage PO:0025338 Includes flower development stage (PO:0007615), corolla development stage (PO:0007604), and inflorescence development stage (PO:0001083). collective plant organ structure development stage A plant structure development stage (PO:0009012) that has as primary participant a collective plant structure (PO:0025497). POC:curators etapa de desarrollo de una estructura colectiva de la planta (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 集合的植物構造の発生過程 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A vascular bundle (PO:0005020) that is part of a phyllome lamina (PO:0025396). rwalls 2012-04-18T01:41:29Z PO_GIT:462 vena del filoma laminar (Spanish, exact) フィロム葉身脈 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025348 phyllome lamina vein A vascular bundle (PO:0005020) that is part of a phyllome lamina (PO:0025396). POC:Ramona_Walls vena del filoma laminar (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo フィロム葉身脈 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant organ (PO:0009008) that is part of a flower (PO:0009046). rwalls 2012-01-19T11:44:36Z PO_GIT:423 &#243rgano floral (Spanish, exact) flower organ (exact) 花器官 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025395 Includes phyllomes such as anthers and petals, as well as shoot axes such as androphores and gynophores. floral organ A plant organ (PO:0009008) that is part of a flower (PO:0009046). POC:curators &#243rgano floral (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 花器官 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant organ lamina (PO:0025513) that is part of a phyllome (PO:0006001). rwalls 2012-01-19T12:56:11Z PO_GIT:428 filoma laminar (Spanish, exact) フィロム葉身 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025396 phyllome lamina A plant organ lamina (PO:0025513) that is part of a phyllome (PO:0006001). POC:Ramona_Walls filoma laminar (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo フィロム葉身 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A leaf lamina vein (PO:0020138) that connects directly to a petiole vascular system (PO:0000052) or a shoot axis vascular system (PO:0000039). rwalls 2012-02-01T04:24:58Z PO_GIT:435 vena primaria de la hoja (Spanish, exact) 一次葉脈 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025413 Generally the largest and most prominent of the leaf veins. A leaf may have more than one primary vein. The central primary vein is the midvein (PO:0020139). Vein orders only apply to hierarchically branching vein patterns, not to dichotomously branching vein patterns, as found in some ferns and gymnosperms. primary leaf vein A leaf lamina vein (PO:0020138) that connects directly to a petiole vascular system (PO:0000052) or a shoot axis vascular system (PO:0000039). POC:curators vena primaria de la hoja (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 一次葉脈 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a peripheral zone (PO:0000225) of a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and will give rise to a phyllome primordium (PO:0025128). Laurel_Cooper 2012-02-07T08:20:10Z phyllome meristem (broad) PO_GIT:427 フィロム原基 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025430 The phyllome anlagen is only detectable by gene expression, not morphology. phyllome anlagen A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a peripheral zone (PO:0000225) of a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and will give rise to a phyllome primordium (PO:0025128). POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators フィロム原基 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) that will give rise to a vascular leaf primordium (PO:0000017) and is part of a peripheral zone (PO:0000225) of a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148). Laurel_Cooper 2012-02-07T08:40:37Z leaf meristem (broad) PO_GIT:407 維管束系葉原基 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025431 This is the region where you have the maximum concentration of auxin in the SAM (at least in a few species that have been studied). vascular leaf anlagen A phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) that will give rise to a vascular leaf primordium (PO:0000017) and is part of a peripheral zone (PO:0000225) of a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148). PMID:14732442 POC:Laurel_Cooper 維管束系葉原基 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is committed to the development of a root primordium (PO:0005029). Laurel_Cooper 2012-02-08T01:00:56Z PO_GIT:427 precursor de ra&#237 (Spanish, exact) 根原基 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025433 Only detectable by gene expression, not morphology. May arise in a pericycle (PO:0006203), as for lateral roots in most seed plants, an endodermis (PO:0000252), as for lateral roots in ferns, or from parenchyma cells (PO:0000074) that are part a shoot axis (PO:0025029), in the case of a basal root (PO:0025002) or shoot-borne root (PO:0000042). root anlagen A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is committed to the development of a root primordium (PO:0005029). POC:curators precursor de ra&#237 (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 根原基 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A primordium (PO:0025127) that is committed to the development of a floral organ (PO:0025395) and is part of a reproductive shoot apex (PO:0025222). rwalls 2012-04-26T03:57:09Z PO_GIT:465 floral structure primordia (exact, plural) portion of floral structure primordium tissue (exact) primordio de organo floral (Spanish, exact) 花器官原基 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025477 If annotating to a primordium of a floral structure, it is better to use the more specific term, such as petal primordium (PO:0000021) or anther primordium (PO:0006089). floral organ primordium A primordium (PO:0025127) that is committed to the development of a floral organ (PO:0025395) and is part of a reproductive shoot apex (PO:0025222). POC:curators floral structure primordia (exact, plural) primordio de organo floral (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 花器官原基 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant structure (PO:0009011) that has as parts two or more portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single structural unit demarcated by primarily bona-fide boundaries from other structural units of different types. Laurel_Cooper 2012-06-11T14:57:00Z PO_GIT:480 estructura vegetal con m&#250ltiples tejidos (Spanish, exact) 複数の組織からなる植物構造 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025496 Most multi-tissue plant structures have at least a small connection to other plant structures via a fiat boundary, such as where a leaf (PO:0025034) connects to a shoot axis (PO:0025029), a petal (PO:0009032) connects to a receptacle (PO:0009064), or a branch (PO:0025073) connects to a stem (PO:0009047). Refers to CARO:0000055 multi-tissue structure, def'n: Anatomical structure that has as parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types, and which through specific morphogenetic processes, form a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundries from other structural units of differnt types. multi-tissue plant structure A plant structure (PO:0009011) that has as parts two or more portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single structural unit demarcated by primarily bona-fide boundaries from other structural units of different types. CARO:0000055 POC:curators estructura vegetal con m&#250ltiples tejidos (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 複数の組織からなる植物構造 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003) and includes two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) or adjacent cardinal organ parts (PO:0025001), along with any associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007). Laurel_Cooper 2012-06-11T15:09:20Z PO_GIT:479 estructura vegetal colectiva (Spanish, exact) 集合的植物構造 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025497 This is a parent term to describe both collective organ part structure (PO:0025269) (e.g. septum), as well as collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) (which was formerly named collective plant structure), for example shoot system (PO:0009006). collective plant structure A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003) and includes two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) or adjacent cardinal organ parts (PO:0025001), along with any associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007). POC:curators estructura vegetal colectiva (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 集合的植物構造 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is a proper part of a multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) and includes portions of plant tissues (PO:0009007) of at least two different types. Laurel_Cooper 2012-06-11T15:28:44Z PO_GIT:485 parte cardinal de estructura vegetal con m&#250ltiples tejidos (Spanish, exact) 複数の組織からなる植物構造の基本（主要）部分 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025498 Includes cardinal parts of plant organs (PO:0025001) as well as parts of other multi-tissue plant structures. Cardinal refers to the fact that these are biologically meaningful and not arbitrary parts. Most cardinal parts of multi-tissue plant structures have both fiat and bona-fide boundaries, including parts with large fiat boundaries, such as leaf base (PO:0020040) or fruit distal end (PO:0008001), and parts with primarily bona-fide boundaries, such as leaflet (PO:0020049). cardinal part of multi-tissue plant structure A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is a proper part of a multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) and includes portions of plant tissues (PO:0009007) of at least two different types. POC:curators parte cardinal de estructura vegetal con m&#250ltiples tejidos (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 複数の組織からなる植物構造の基本（主要）部分 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A lamina (PO:0025060) that is part of a plant organ (PO:0009008). rwalls 2012-10-17T15:51:02Z PO_GIT:428 lámina órgano (Spanish, exact) 器官 葉身 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025513 plant organ lamina A lamina (PO:0025060) that is part of a plant organ (PO:0009008). POC:curators lámina órgano (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 器官 葉身 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A collective plant organ structure development stage (PO:0025338) that begins with the onset of the plant organ development stage (PO:0025339) and ends with either gametophyte senescent stage (PO:0025343) or sporophyte senescent stage (PO:0007017) or death. Laurel_Cooper 2012-12-13T18:21:19Z PO_GIT:517 plant_structure_development_stage PO:0025527 The shoot system (PO:0009006) develops fron the shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) in the plant embryo (PO:0009009) in vascular plants. In lower plants the gametophore (PO:0030018) arises from a gametophore meristematic apical cell (PO:0030019) in the protonema (PO:0030003). shoot system development stage A collective plant organ structure development stage (PO:0025338) that begins with the onset of the plant organ development stage (PO:0025339) and ends with either gametophyte senescent stage (PO:0025343) or sporophyte senescent stage (PO:0007017) or death. POC:Laurel_Cooper A shoot system development stage (PO:0025527) that has as primary participant a bud (PO:0009006). Laurel_Cooper 2012-12-13T18:29:35Z PO_GIT:517 plant_structure_development_stage PO:0025528 bud development stage A shoot system development stage (PO:0025527) that has as primary participant a bud (PO:0009006). POC:Laurel_Cooper A shoot system development stage (PO:0025527) that has as primary participant a reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082). Laurel_Cooper 2012-12-13T19:01:14Z PO_GIT:517 plant_structure_development_stage PO:0025530 reproductive shoot system development stage A shoot system development stage (PO:0025527) that has as primary participant a reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082). POC:Laurel_Cooper A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that gives rise to a portion of ground tissue (PO:0025059). Laurel_Cooper 2013-11-18T11:14:03Z PO_GIT:584 plant_anatomy PO:0025594 ground meristem A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that gives rise to a portion of ground tissue (PO:0025059). POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators A plant cell (PO:0009002) that is either part of a multicellular whole plant (PO:0000003) 'in vivo' or a unicellular organism 'in natura' (i.e. part of a natural environment). Laurel_Cooper 2014-05-13T16:51:47Z PO_GIT:586 plant_anatomy PO:0025606 A native plant cell is one that is not grown or maintained in vitro, nor part of an in vitro plant structure (PO:0000004). native plant cell A plant cell (PO:0009002) that is either part of a multicellular whole plant (PO:0000003) 'in vivo' or a unicellular organism 'in natura' (i.e. part of a natural environment). POC:Laurel_Cooper A whole plant development stage (PO:0007033) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003) during the interval between fertilization (or apogamy) and death. rwalls 2010-07-15T02:56:11Z PO_GIT:139 PO_GIT:68 fase esporof&#237tica (Spanish, exact) sporophytic development stage (exact) sporophytic phase (exact) sporphyte phase (exact) 胞子体発生過程 (Japanese, exact) plant_structure_development_stage PO:0028002 A whole plant (PO:0000003) in the sporophyte development stage usually has twice the chromosome complement of a plant in the gametophytic phase, but may not in the case of apogamy. Examples of apogamy include both naturally occurring instances (such as sporophytes arising form haploid cells as in bryophytes or ferns) as well as in vitro instances (such as haploid embryo culture or in vitro fusion of non-gamete cells or protoplasts). During the sporophyte development stage, a plant may produce meiospores by meiosis. sporophyte development stage A whole plant development stage (PO:0007033) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003) during the interval between fertilization (or apogamy) and death. POC:curators fase esporof&#237tica (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 胞子体発生過程 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki An inflorescence (PO:0009049) with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage (PO:0007616) is composed of indeterminate, first order inflorescence axes (PO:0025104) and sessile, unisexual flowers (PO:0009046) that are each subtended by conspicuous inflorescence bracts (PO:0009054). NYBG:Brandon_Sinn 2017-04-20T12:48:27Z ament ament (exact) catkin catkin (exact) plant_anatomy PO:0030119 Examples include poplars (including Populus trichocarpa, Salicaceae) and birches (Betula spp., Betulaceae). Catkin inflorescences are often pendulate. catkin inflorescence An inflorescence (PO:0009049) with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage (PO:0007616) is composed of indeterminate, first order inflorescence axes (PO:0025104) and sessile, unisexual flowers (PO:0009046) that are each subtended by conspicuous inflorescence bracts (PO:0009054). NYBG:Brandon_Sinn NYBG:Dario_Cavaliere PO:cooperl An inflorescence (PO:0009049) with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage (PO:0007616) is composed of a radially-enlarged, determinate, first order inflorescence axis (PO:0025104) with sessile flowers (PO:0009046). NYBG:Brandon_Sinn 2017-04-20T12:53:49Z head (broad) calathidium (exact) capitula (exact, plural) capitulum (exact) hypanthodium (narrow) plant_anatomy PO:0030121 Many capitulum inflorescences have basal involucral bracts (PO:0009045) and are often discoid or globose in shape. Examples include sunflowers (Helianthus spp.; Asteraceae) and teasels (Dipsacus spp.; Dipsacaceae). capitulum inflorescence An inflorescence (PO:0009049) with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage (PO:0007616) is composed of a radially-enlarged, determinate, first order inflorescence axis (PO:0025104) with sessile flowers (PO:0009046). NYBG:Brandon_Sinn NYBG:Dario_Cavaliere PO:cooperl capitula (exact, plural) Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. anatomical entity Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. FMA:62955 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 abscission zone example to be eventually removed example to be eventually removed metadata complete Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete. metadata complete organizational term Term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release organizational term ready for release Class has undergone final review, is ready for use, and will be included in the next release. Any class lacking "ready_for_release" should be considered likely to change place in hierarchy, have its definition refined, or be obsoleted in the next release. Those classes deemed "ready_for_release" will also derived from a chain of ancestor classes that are also "ready_for_release." ready for release metadata incomplete Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors. metadata incomplete uncurated Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term. uncurated pending final vetting All definitions, placement in the asserted IS_A hierarchy and required minimal metadata are complete. The class is awaiting a final review by someone other than the term editor. pending final vetting to be replaced with external ontology term Terms with this status should eventually replaced with a term from another ontology. Alan Ruttenberg group:OBI to be replaced with external ontology term requires discussion A term that is metadata complete, has been reviewed, and problems have been identified that require discussion before release. Such a term requires editor note(s) to identify the outstanding issues. Alan Ruttenberg group:OBI requires discussion winter spring summer autumn true MF(X)-directly_regulates->MF(Y)-enabled_by->GP(Z) => MF(Y)-has_input->GP(Y) e.g. if 'protein kinase activity'(X) directly_regulates 'protein binding activity (Y)and this is enabled by GP(Z) then X has_input Z infer input from direct reg GP(X)-enables->MF(Y)-has_part->MF(Z) => GP(X) enables MF(Z), e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase coupled transporter activity' has_part 'ATPase activity' then GP(X) enables 'ATPase activity' enabling an MF enables its parts true GP(X)-enables->MF(Y)-part_of->BP(Z) => GP(X) involved_in BP(Z) e.g. if X enables 'protein kinase activity' and Y 'part of' 'signal tranduction' then X involved in 'signal transduction' involved in BP If a molecular function (X) has a regulatory subfunction, then any gene product which is an input to that subfunction has an activity that directly_regulates X. Note: this is intended for cases where the regaultory subfunction is protein binding, so it could be tightened with an additional clause to specify this. inferring direct reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction inferring direct neg reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction inferring direct positive reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction effector input is compound function input Input of effector is input of its parent MF if effector directly regulates X, its parent MF directly regulates X if effector directly positively regulates X, its parent MF directly positively regulates X if effector directly negatively regulates X, its parent MF directly negatively regulates X 'causally downstream of' and 'overlaps' should be disjoint properties (a SWRL rule is required because these are non-simple properties). 'causally upstream of' and 'overlaps' should be disjoint properties (a SWRL rule is required because these are non-simple properties).