en
Alessandra Bordoni
Alessia Trimigno
Bernard De Baets
Carl Lachat
Chen Yang
Damariz Rivero
Duccio Cavalieri
ENPADASI WP 4
Francesco Capozzi
Francesco Taglino
Francesco Vitali
Franco Miglietta
Fulvio Mattivi
Giovanni Felici
Guy De Tré
Jildau Bouwman
Katharina Nimptsch
Mariona Pinart
Nathalie De Cock
Pietro Franceschi
Rosario Lombardo
Tobias Pischon
The Ontology for Nutritional Studies (ONS) has been developed as part of the ENPADASI European project (http://www.enpadasi.eu/) with the aim to define a common language and building ontologies for nutritional studies.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Ontology for Nutritional Studies
ENPADASI_WP4
ONS
Release version 1.2.3
true
Version in which a concept was created.
concept_properties
Created in
true
When 'true', the concept has been proposed or is supported within Debian as a tag.
concept_properties
isdebtag
BFO OWL specification label
Relates an entity in the ontology to the name of the variable that is used to represent it in the code that generates the BFO OWL file from the lispy specification.
Really of interest to developers only
BFO OWL specification label
BFO CLIF specification label
Relates an entity in the ontology to the term that is used to represent it in the the CLIF specification of BFO2
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
Really of interest to developers only
BFO CLIF specification label
editor preferred label
editor preferred label
editor preferred term
editor preferred term
editor preferred term~editor preferred label
The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English)
PERSON:Daniel Schober
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
editor preferred label
editor preferred label
editor preferred term
editor preferred term
editor preferred term~editor preferred label
example
example of usage
A phrase describing how a class name should be used. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding of a class semantics, such as widely known prototypical subclasses or instances of the class. Although essential for high level terms, examples for low level terms (e.g., Affymetrix HU133 array) are not
A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold.
PERSON:Daniel Schober
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
example of usage
example of usage
in branch
An annotation property indicating which module the terms belong to. This is currently experimental and not implemented yet.
GROUP:OBI
OBI_0000277
in branch
has curation status
PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON:Bill Bug
PERSON:Melanie Courtot
OBI_0000281
has curation status
has curation status
definition
definition
textual definition
English language definitions of what NCI means by the concept. These are limited to 1024 characters. They may also include information about the definition's source and attribution in a form that can easily be interpreted by software.
The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
2012-04-05:
Barry Smith
The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible.
Can you fix to something like:
A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property.
Alan Ruttenberg
Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria.
On the specifics of the proposed definition:
We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition.
Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable.
We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with.
PERSON:Daniel Schober
DEFINITION
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
DEFINITION
definition
definition
textual definition
editor note
An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology.
PERSON:Daniel Schober
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obfoundry.org/obo/obi>
IAO:0000116
uberon
editor_note
true
editor_note
IAO:0000116
uberon
editor_note
1
editor_note
editor note
editor note
definition editor
term editor
Name of editor entering the definition in the file. The definition editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The definition editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people
Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people
20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See http://code.google.com/p/information-artifact-ontology/issues/detail?id=115.
20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/115.
PERSON:Daniel Schober
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
definition editor
definition editor
definition_editor
term editor
term editor
alternative term
An alternative name for a class or property which means the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent)
PERSON:Daniel Schober
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
alternative term
alternative term
definition source
formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007
PERSON:Daniel Schober
Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
definition source
definition source
definition_source
curator note
An administrative note of use for a curator but of no use for a user
PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
curator note
curator note
term tracker item
the URI for an OBI Terms ticket at sourceforge, such as https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/772/
An IRI or similar locator for a request or discussion of an ontology term.
Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg
Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg
The 'tracker item' can associate a tracker with a specific ontology term.
term tracker item
imported from
For external terms/classes, the ontology from which the term was imported
PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON:Melanie Courtot
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
imported from
OBO foundry unique label
An alternative name for a class or property which is unique across the OBO Foundry.
The intended usage of that property is as follow: OBO foundry unique labels are automatically generated based on regular expressions provided by each ontology, so that SO could specify unique label = 'sequence ' + [label], etc. , MA could specify 'mouse + [label]' etc. Upon importing terms, ontology developers can choose to use the 'OBO foundry unique label' for an imported term or not. The same applies to tools .
PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON:Bjoern Peters
PERSON:Chris Mungall
PERSON:Melanie Courtot
GROUP:OBO Foundry <http://obofoundry.org/>
OBO foundry unique label
elucidation
person:Alan Ruttenberg
Person:Barry Smith
Primitive terms in a highest-level ontology such as BFO are terms which are so basic to our understanding of reality that there is no way of defining them in a non-circular fashion. For these, therefore, we can provide only elucidations, supplemented by examples and by axioms
elucidation
has associated axiom(nl)
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
An axiom associated with a term expressed using natural language
has associated axiom(nl)
has associated axiom(fol)
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
An axiom expressed in first order logic using CLIF syntax
has associated axiom(fol)
term_mapping_to_UMLS
term_mapping_to_NCIT
true
NHC0
code
code
code
The semantic type describes the sort of thing or category to which a concept belongs in the context of the UMLS semantic network.
P106
Conceptual Entity
Semantic Type
Semantic_Type
In general, applying semantic types aids in allowing users (or computer programs) to draw conclusions about concepts by virtue of the categories to which they have been assigned. We use a set of semantic types developed for the UMLS Metathesaurus. There are currently 134 semantic types in the UMLS.
Semantic_Type
Semantic_Type
Provides an alternative Preferred Name for use in some NCI systems.
P107
Conceptual Entity
Display Name
Display_Name
Display Name
Display_Name
Display_Name
The word or phrase that NCI uses by preference to refer to the concept.
P108
Conceptual Entity
Preferred Name
Preferred_Name
Preferred Name
Preferred Term
Preferred_Name
Preferred_Name
Concept Unique Identifiers, or CUIs, are concept numbers assigned by the National Library of Medicine (NLM). If a concept in any NCI-maintained knowledgebase exists in the NLM Unified Medical Language System (UMLS), NCI includes the NLM CUI among the information we provide about the concept.
P207
Conceptual Entity
UMLS CUI
UMLS_CUI
UMLS_CUI
UMLS_CUI
This property is used to indicate when a non-EVS entity has contributed to, and has a stake in, a concept. This is used where such entities, within or outside NCI, have indicated the need to be able to track their own concepts. A single concept can have multiple instances of this property if multiple entities have such a defined stake.
P322
Conceptual Entity
Contributing Source
Contributing_Source
Contributing_Source
Contributing_Source
English language definitions of what a source other than NCI means by the concept. These are limited to 1024 characters. They include information about the definition's source in a form that can easily be interpreted by software.
P325
Conceptual Entity
[source] Definition
ALT_DEFINITION
ALT_DEFINITION
ALT_DEFINITION
true
A retired unique concept identifier created and stored as Concept Name by legacy EVS software. Use of these values was long discouraged, but continued as late as 2009 when creation of new values ceased and Concept Name was retired. Legacy values are intended solely to help resolve and update earlier coding.
P366
Conceptual Entity
Legacy Concept Name
Legacy Concept Name
Legacy_Concept_Name
Design notes are notations made by NCI vocabulary curators. They are intended to provide supplemental, unstructured information to the user or additional insight about the concept.
P98
Conceptual Entity
DesignNote
DesignNote
DesignNote
DesignNote
ISA alternative term
An alternative term used by the ISA tools project (http://isa-tools.org).
Requested by Alejandra Gonzalez-Beltran
https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3603413&group_id=177891&atid=886178
Person: Alejandra Gonzalez-Beltran
Person: Philippe Rocca-Serra
ISA tools project (http://isa-tools.org)
ISA alternative term
NIAID GSCID-BRC alternative term
An alternative term used by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Genomic Sequencing Centers for Infectious Diseases (GSCID) and Bioinformatics Resource Centers (BRC).
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
NIAID GSCID-BRC alternative term
IEDB alternative term
An alternative term used by the IEDB.
PERSON:Randi Vita, Jason Greenbaum, Bjoern Peters
IEDB
IEDB alternative term
an alternative term used for STATO statistical ontology and ISA team
Alejandra Gonzalez-Beltran
Orlaith Burke
Philippe Rocca-Serra
STATO alternative term
Super-property collecting all annotation properties assigning classes in ONS to specific subset (i.e. Metadata search). For each subset, there will be an annotation property. To assign a class to a subset, set the annotation property value to "TRUE"
in subset of ONS
Annotation properties assigning a class to the ONS-subset of metadata search classes. Set value to "TRUE" to assign a class.
in minimal requirement ONS subset
This annotation property gives the unique label of all Apollo_SV entities that are refered to in the schema. The UAL is the denotator for the Apollo_SV class in the schema. There can at all times only be ONE value of UAL for each class.
UAL
Unique Apollo Label
Examples of a Contributor include a person, an
organisation, or a service. Typically, the name of a
Contributor should be used to indicate the entity.
An entity responsible for making contributions to the
content of the resource.
Contributor
Contributor
Coverage will typically include spatial location (a place name
or geographic coordinates), temporal period (a period label,
date, or date range) or jurisdiction (such as a named
administrative entity).
Recommended best practice is to select a value from a
controlled vocabulary (for example, the Thesaurus of Geographic
Names [TGN]) and that, where appropriate, named places or time
periods be used in preference to numeric identifiers such as
sets of coordinates or date ranges.
The extent or scope of the content of the resource.
Coverage
Coverage
Examples of a Creator include a person, an organisation,
or a service. Typically, the name of a Creator should
be used to indicate the entity.
An entity primarily responsible for making the content
of the resource.
Creator
Creator
Typically, Date will be associated with the creation or
availability of the resource. Recommended best practice
for encoding the date value is defined in a profile of
ISO 8601 [W3CDTF] and follows the YYYY-MM-DD format.
A date associated with an event in the life cycle of the
resource.
Date
Date
Description may include but is not limited to: an abstract,
table of contents, reference to a graphical representation
of content or a free-text account of the content.
An account of the content of the resource.
Description
Description
Typically, Format may include the media-type or dimensions of
the resource. Format may be used to determine the software,
hardware or other equipment needed to display or operate the
resource. Examples of dimensions include size and duration.
Recommended best practice is to select a value from a
controlled vocabulary (for example, the list of Internet Media
Types [MIME] defining computer media formats).
The physical or digital manifestation of the resource.
Format
Format
Recommended best practice is to identify the resource by means
of a string or number conforming to a formal identification
system.
Example formal identification systems include the Uniform
Resource Identifier (URI) (including the Uniform Resource
Locator (URL)), the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) and the
International Standard Book Number (ISBN).
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context.
Resource Identifier
Resource Identifier
Recommended best practice is to use RFC 3066 [RFC3066],
which, in conjunction with ISO 639 [ISO639], defines two-
and three-letter primary language tags with optional
subtags. Examples include "en" or "eng" for English,
"akk" for Akkadian, and "en-GB" for English used in the
United Kingdom.
A language of the intellectual content of the resource.
Language
Language
Examples of a Publisher include a person, an organisation,
or a service.
Typically, the name of a Publisher should be used to
indicate the entity.
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Publisher
Publisher
Recommended best practice is to reference the resource by means
of a string or number conforming to a formal identification
system.
A reference to a related resource.
Relation
Relation
Typically, a Rights element will contain a rights
management statement for the resource, or reference
a service providing such information. Rights information
often encompasses Intellectual Property Rights (IPR),
Copyright, and various Property Rights.
If the Rights element is absent, no assumptions can be made
about the status of these and other rights with respect to
the resource.
Information about rights held in and over the resource.
Rights Management
Rights Management
The present resource may be derived from the Source resource
in whole or in part. Recommended best practice is to reference
the resource by means of a string or number conforming to a
formal identification system.
A reference to a resource from which the present resource
is derived.
Source
Source
Typically, a Subject will be expressed as keywords,
key phrases or classification codes that describe a topic
of the resource. Recommended best practice is to select
a value from a controlled vocabulary or formal
classification scheme.
The topic of the content of the resource.
Subject and Keywords
Subject and Keywords
Typically, a Title will be a name by which the resource is
formally known.
A name given to the resource.
Title
Title
Type includes terms describing general categories, functions,
genres, or aggregation levels for content. Recommended best
practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary
(for example, the DCMI Type Vocabulary [DCMITYPE]). To
describe the physical or digital manifestation of the
resource, use the Format element.
The nature or genre of the content of the resource.
Resource Type
Resource Type
description
comment
example
hasSynonym
subset
http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/DOID_definition_citation is an annotation property that is drawn from DOID
http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/DOID_definition_citation is an annotation property that is drawn from DOID
http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/ICD9_definition_citation is an annotation property that is drawn from ICD9
Definition citation for the Microarray and Gene Expression Data Ontology
MO_definition_citation
http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/MESH_definition_citation is an annotation property that is drawn from MESH
http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/MSH_definition_citation is an annotation property that is drawn from MSH
http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/NCI_Thesaurus_definition_citation is an annotation property that is drawn from NCI_Thesaurus
http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/NCI_Thesaurus_definition_citation is an annotation property that is drawn from NCI_Thesaurus
http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/NIFSTD_definition_citation is an annotation property that is drawn from NIFSTD
http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/OMIM_definition_citation is an annotation property that is drawn from OMIM
http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/SNOMEDCT_definition_citation is an annotation property that is drawn from SNOMEDCT
An alternative label for a given entity such as a commonly used abbreviation or synonym.
alternative_term
definition
A definition citation is a document, ontology class, person or organization from which the definition of the class is derived. It is used in the same sense as a citation in literature, in that the definition may have been derived from these sources or that this definition is related to these source.
has_alternative_id
has broad synonym
has_broad_synonym
database cross reference
database_cross_reference
Fully qualified synonym, contains the string, term type, source, and an optional source code if appropriate. Each subfield is deliniated to facilitate interpretation by software.
FULL_SYN
Synonym with Source Data
has exact synonym
has_exact_synonym
has narrow synonym
has_obo_format_version
has_obo_namespace
has_related_synonym
has synonym
Used to associate the concept defining a particular terminology subset with concepts that belong to this subset.
Concept_In_Subset
in subset
in_subset
shorthand
shorthand
is defined by
label
label
label
part of
my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities)
my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity)
this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood)
a core relation that holds between a part and its whole
Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other.
Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime
Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.)
A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'.
part_of
part of
http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:part_of
has part
my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities)
my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity)
this year has part this day (occurrent parthood)
a core relation that holds between a whole and its part
Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part.
Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime
Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.)
A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'.
has_part
has part
realized in
this disease is realized in this disease course
this fragility is realized in this shattering
this investigator role is realized in this investigation
is realized by
realized_in
[copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])
Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process
realized in
realizes
this disease course realizes this disease
this investigation realizes this investigator role
this shattering realizes this fragility
to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])
Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process
realizes
preceded by
An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other.
is preceded by
preceded_by
http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:preceded_by
preceded by
precedes
precedes
occurs in
b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t
occurs_in
unfolds in
unfolds_in
Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant
occurs in
contains process
[copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t
Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant
contains process
has taxonomic identifier
has ingredient
has measurement unit label
has measurement unit label
is about
This document is about information artifacts and their representations
is_about is a (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity.
7/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg. Following discussion with Jonathan Rees, and introduction of "mentions" relation. Weaken the is_about relationship to be primitive.
We will try to build it back up by elaborating the various subproperties that are more precisely defined.
Some currently missing phenomena that should be considered "about" are predications - "The only person who knows the answer is sitting beside me" , Allegory, Satire, and other literary forms that can be topical without explicitly mentioning the topic.
person:Alan Ruttenberg
Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy
is about
denotes
A person's name denotes the person. A variable name in a computer program denotes some piece of memory. Lexically equivalent strings can denote different things, for instance "Alan" can denote different people. In each case of use, there is a case of the denotation relation obtaining, between "Alan" and the person that is being named.
denotes is a primitive, instance-level, relation obtaining between an information content entity and some portion of reality. Denotation is what happens when someone creates an information content entity E in order to specifically refer to something. The only relation between E and the thing is that E can be used to 'pick out' the thing. This relation connects those two together. Freedictionary.com sense 3: To signify directly; refer to specifically
2009-11-10 Alan Ruttenberg. Old definition said the following to emphasize the generic nature of this relation. We no longer have 'specifically denotes', which would have been primitive, so make this relation primitive.
g denotes r =def
r is a portion of reality
there is some c that is a concretization of g
every c that is a concretization of g specifically denotes r
person:Alan Ruttenberg
Conversations with Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters, Bjoern Peters, Michel Dumontier, Melanie Courtot, James Malone, Bill Hogan
denotes
is quality measurement of
m is a quality measurement of q at t when
q is a quality
there is a measurement process p that has specified output m, a measurement datum, that is about q
8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: The strategy is to be rather specific with this relationship. There are other kinds of measurements that are not of qualities, such as those that measure time. We will add these as separate properties for the moment and see about generalizing later
From the second IAO workshop [Alan Ruttenberg 8/6/2009: not completely current, though bringing in comparison is probably important]
This one is the one we are struggling with at the moment. The issue is what a measurement measures. On the one hand saying that it measures the quality would include it "measuring" the bearer = referring to the bearer in the measurement. However this makes comparisons of two different things not possible. On the other hand not having it inhere in the bearer, on the face of it, breaks the audit trail.
Werner suggests a solution based on "Magnitudes" a proposal for which we are awaiting details.
--
From the second IAO workshop, various comments, [commented on by Alan Ruttenberg 8/6/2009]
unit of measure is a quality, e.g. the length of a ruler.
[We decided to hedge on what units of measure are, instead talking about measurement unit labels, which are the information content entities that are about whatever measurement units are. For IAO we need that information entity in any case. See the term measurement unit label]
[Some struggling with the various subflavors of is_about. We subsequently removed the relation represents, and describes until and only when we have a better theory]
a represents b means either a denotes b or a describes
describe:
a describes b means a is about b and a allows an inference of at least one quality of b
We have had a long discussion about denotes versus describes.
From the second IAO workshop: An attempt at tieing the quality to the measurement datum more carefully.
a is a magnitude means a is a determinate quality particular inhering in some bearer b existing at a time t that can be represented/denoted by an information content entity e that has parts denoting a unit of measure, a number, and b. The unit of measure is an instance of the determinable quality.
From the second meeting on IAO:
An attempt at defining assay using Barry's "reliability" wording
assay:
process and has_input some material entity
and has_output some information content entity
and which is such that instances of this process type reliably generate
outputs that describes the input.
This one is the one we are struggling with at the moment. The issue is what a measurement measures. On the one hand saying that it measures the quality would include it "measuring" the bearer = referring to the bearer in the measurement. However this makes comparisons of two different things not possible. On the other hand not having it inhere in the bearer, on the face of it, breaks the audit trail.
Werner suggests a solution based on "Magnitudes" a proposal for which we are awaiting details.
Alan Ruttenberg
is quality measurement of
is duration of
relates a process to a time-measurement-datum that represents the duration of the process
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
is duration of
is quality measured as
inverse of the relation of is quality measurement of
2009/10/19 Alan Ruttenberg. Named 'junk' relation useful in restrictions, but not a real instance relationship
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
is quality measured as
provides_service_consumer_with
The provides_service_consumer_with relation links the service to its primary process it provides for the consumer (as opposed to secondary processual parts of a service process such as payment or documentation). For example, a 'DNA sequencing service' provides_service_consumer_with 'DNA sequencing' as the essential process performed by the provider for the client.
A relation between a service and the primary processual part of the service that is performed by the provider for the consumer.
provides_service_consumer_with
is_supported_by_data
The relation between the conclusion "Gene tpbA is involved in EPS production" and the data items produced using two sets of organisms, one being a tpbA knockout, the other being tpbA wildtype tested in polysacharide production assays and analyzed using an ANOVA.
The relation between a data item and a conclusion where the conclusion is the output of a data interpreting process and the data item is used as an input to that process
OBI
OBI
Philly 2011 workshop
is_supported_by_data
has_specified_input
see is_input_of example_of_usage
A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
8/17/09: specified inputs of one process are not necessarily specified inputs of a larger process that it is part of. This is in contrast to how 'has participant' works.
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
PERSON: Larry Hunter
PERSON: Melanie Coutot
has_specified_input
is_specified_input_of
some Autologous EBV(Epstein-Barr virus)-transformed B-LCL (B lymphocyte cell line) is_input_for instance of Chromum Release Assay described at https://wiki.cbil.upenn.edu/obiwiki/index.php/Chromium_Release_assay
A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON:Bjoern Peters
is_specified_input_of
has_specified_output
A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
PERSON: Larry Hunter
PERSON: Melanie Courtot
has_specified_output
is_specified_output_of
A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON:Bjoern Peters
is_specified_output_of
is_proxy_for
position on a gel is_proxy_for mass and charge of molecule in an western blot. Florescent intensity is_proxy_for amount of protein labeled with GFP. Examples:
A260/A280 (of a DNA sample) is_proxy_for DNA-purity. NMR Sample scan is a proxy for sample quality.
Within the assay mentioned here: https://wiki.cbil.upenn.edu/obiwiki/index.php/Chromium_Release_assay
level of radioactivity is_proxy_for level of toxicity
A relation between continuant instances c1 and c2 where within an experiment/ protocol application, measurement of c1 is used to determine what a measurement of c2 would be.
A relation between continuant instances c1 and c2 where within a protocol
application, measurement of c1 is related to a what would be the
measurement of c2.
(another definition)
Alan Ruttenberg
is_proxy_for
achieves_planned_objective
A cell sorting process achieves the objective specification 'material separation objective'
This relation obtains between a planned process and a objective specification when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process.
BP, AR, PPPB branch
PPPB branch derived
modified according to email thread from 1/23/09 in accordince with DT and PPPB branch
achieves_planned_objective
has grain
the relation of the cells in the finger of the skin to the finger, in which an indeterminate number of grains are parts of the whole by virtue of being grains in a collective that is part of the whole, and in which removing one granular part does not nec- essarily damage or diminish the whole. Ontological Whether there is a fixed, or nearly fixed number of parts - e.g. fingers of the hand, chambers of the heart, or wheels of a car - such that there can be a notion of a single one being missing, or whether, by contrast, the number of parts is indeterminate - e.g., cells in the skin of the hand, red cells in blood, or rubber molecules in the tread of the tire of the wheel of the car.
Discussion in Karslruhe with, among others, Alan Rector, Stefan Schulz, Marijke Keet, Melanie Courtot, and Alan Ruttenberg. Definition take from the definition of granular parthood in the cited paper. Needs work to put into standard form
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
PAPER: Granularity, scale and collectivity: When size does and does not matter, Alan Rector, Jeremy Rogers, Thomas Bittner, Journal of Biomedical Informatics 39 (2006) 333-349
has grain
is grain of
A relation between granular parts and the whole of which they are a part. Granular parts have indeterminate number such that removing one granular part does not necessarily damage or diminish the whole.
JAO: Added definition 2013-10-25 based on 'has grain', but both these terms seem problematic.
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
Discussion in Karslruhe with, among others, Alan Rector, Stefan Schulz, Marijke Keet, Melanie Courtot, and Alan Ruttenberg. With inspiration from the paper Granularity, scale and collectivity: When size does and does not matter, Alan Recto, Jeremy Rogers, Thomas Bittner, Journal of Biomedical Informatics 39 (2006) 333-349
is grain of
supplies
A relation between an organisation or person and a material entity who owned or has license to the material entity and there was a legal transfer of ownership or licensing of the material entity to the current owner.
GROUP: Relations branch
supplies
has_supplier
A relation between a material entity and an organisation or person who owned or has license to the material entity and there was a legal transfer of ownership or licensing of the material entity to the current owner.
PERSON: Alan Rutternberg
PERSON: Cristian Cocos
PERSON: Frank Gibson
PERSON: Melanie Courtot
has_supplier
objective_achieved_by
This relation obtains between a a objective specification and a planned process when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process.
OBI
OBI
objective_achieved_by
is member of organization
Relating a legal person or organization to an organization in the case where the legal person or organization has a role as member of the organization.
2009/10/01 Alan Ruttenberg. Barry prefers generic is-member-of. Question of what the range should be. For now organization. Is organization a population? Would the same relation be used to record members of a population
JZ: Discussed on May 7, 2012 OBI dev call. Bjoern points out that we need to allow for organizations to be members of organizations. And agreed by the other OBI developers. So, human and organization were specified in 'Domains'. The textual definition was updated based on it.
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
Person:Helen Parkinson
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
Person:Helen Parkinson
2009/09/28 Alan Ruttenberg. Fucoidan-use-case
is member of organization
has organization member
Relating an organization to a legal person or organization.
See tracker:
https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=3512902&group_id=177891&atid=886178
Person: Jie Zheng
has organization member
specifies value of
A relation between a value specification and an entity which the specification is about.
specifies value of
has value specification
A relation between an information content entity and a value specification that specifies its value.
PERSON: James A. Overton
OBI
has value specification
has performer
performer relation covers the need to report on who performed a planned processed. it has to cover processes done by People or Devices (such as a robot controlled by software WF management system)
has performer
process is result of
The production of IFN-gamma by effector T cells is a process result of T cell stimulation through the TCR
is a relationship between a process and a preceding occurrent that directly caused the later one to occur
IEDB
PERSON:Bjoern Peters
process is result of
inheres in
this fragility inheres in this vase
this red color inheres in this apple
a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent) and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A dependent inheres in its bearer at all times for which the dependent exists.
inheres_in
inheres in
bearer of
this apple is bearer of this red color
this vase is bearer of this fragility
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist.
bearer_of
is bearer of
bearer of
participates in
this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation
this input material (or this output material) participates in this process
this investigator participates in this investigation
a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
participates_in
participates in
has participant
this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot
this investigation has participant this investigator
this process has participant this input material (or this output material)
a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time.
has_participant
http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant
has participant
is concretized as
A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The journal article (a generically dependent continuant) is concretized as the quality (a specifically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant).
An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process).
A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants.
is concretized as
concretizes
A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant).
An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process).
A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant.
concretizes
function of
this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme
a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists.
function_of
is function of
function of
quality of
this red color is a quality of this apple
a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists.
is quality of
quality_of
quality of
role of
this investigator role is a role of this person
a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
is role of
role_of
role of
has function
this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function)
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists.
has_function
has function
has quality
this apple has quality this red color
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist.
has_quality
has quality
has role
this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator)
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
has_role
has role
derives from
this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division)
this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division)
a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops from'.
derives_from
derives from
derives into
this parent cell derives into this cell (cell division)
this parent nucleus derives into this nucleus (nuclear division)
a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops into'. To avoid making statements about a future that may not come to pass, it is often better to use the backward-looking 'derives from' rather than the forward-looking 'derives into'.
derives_into
derives into
location of
my head is the location of my brain
this cage is the location of this rat
a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location
Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime
location_of
location of
located in
my brain is located in my head
this rat is located in this cage
a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location
Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus
Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime
located_in
http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:located_in
located in
2D boundary of
the surface of my skin is a 2D boundary of my body
a relation between a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary) and a material entity, in which the boundary delimits the material entity
A 2D boundary may have holes and gaps, but it must be a single connected entity, not an aggregate of several disconnected parts.
Although the boundary is two-dimensional, it exists in three-dimensional space and thus has a 3D shape.
2D_boundary_of
boundary of
is 2D boundary of
is boundary of
2D boundary of
has 2D boundary
my body has 2D boundary the surface of my skin
a relation between a material entity and a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary), in which the boundary delimits the material entity
A 2D boundary may have holes and gaps, but it must be a single connected entity, not an aggregate of several disconnected parts.
Although the boundary is two-dimensional, it exists in three-dimensional space and thus has a 3D shape.
has boundary
has_2D_boundary
has 2D boundary
immediately preceded by
David Osumi-Sutherland
starts_at_end_of
X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y)
immediately preceded by
immediately precedes
David Osumi-Sutherland
ends_at_start_of
meets
X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y)
immediately precedes
surrounded by
x surrounded_by y if and only if x is adjacent to y and for every region r that is adjacent to x, r overlaps y
surrounded by
adjacent to
adjacent to
temporal relation
move to BFO?
Allen
A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations.
temporal relation
starts
inverse of starts with
Chris Mungall
Allen
starts
member of
An organism that is a member of a population of organisms
is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection.
is member of
member part of
SIO
member of
has member
has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item.
SIO
has member
'consumer of food' eats food
eats
SIO_000001
A is related to B iff there is some relation between A and B.
'is related to' is the top level relation in SIO
core
relations+
is related to
has measurement value
has measurement value
has specified value
A relation between a value specification and a number that quantifies it.
A range of 'real' might be better than 'float'. For now we follow 'has measurement value' until we can consider technical issues with SPARQL queries and reasoning.
PERSON: James A. Overton
OBI
has specified value
beta12orEarlier
Moby:GCP_SimpleCitation
Moby:Publication
Bibliographic data that uniquely identifies a scientific article, book or other published material.
Bibliographic reference
Reference
Citation
beta12orEarlier
Function
A function that processes a set of inputs and results in a set of outputs, or associates arguments (inputs) with values (outputs).
Computational method
Computational operation
Computational procedure
Computational subroutine
Function (programming)
Lambda abstraction
Mathematical function
Mathematical operation
Computational tool
Process
sumo:Function
Operation
beta12orEarlier
Search or query a data resource and retrieve entries and / or annotation.
Database retrieval
Query
Query and retrieval
beta12orEarlier
Query scientific literature, in search for articles, article data, concepts, named entities, or for statistics.
Literature search
beta12orEarlier
Search a database (or other data resource) with a supplied query and retrieve entries (or parts of entries) that are similar to the query.
Search
Database search
beta12orEarlier
true
true
Protein and peptide identification, especially in the study of whole proteomes of organisms.
Metaproteomics
Peptide identification
Protein and peptide identification
Proteomics
beta12orEarlier
true
true
Whole genomes of one or more organisms, or genomes in general, such as meta-information on genomes, genome projects, gene names etc.
Personal genomics
Genomics
1.1
true
true
The systematic study of metabolites, the chemical processes they are involved, and the chemical fingerprints of specific cellular processes in a whole cell, tissue, organ or organism.
Metabolomics
1.1
true
Community genomics
Ecogenomics
Environmental genomics
Environmental omics
The study of genetic material recovered from environmental samples, and associated environmental data.
Biome sequencing
Environmental sequencing
Shotgun metagenomics
Metagenomics
1.3
true
true
The analysis of transcriptomes, or a set of all the RNA molecules in a specific cell, tissue etc.
Comparative transcriptomics
Metatranscriptomics
Transcriptome
Transcriptomics
entity
Entity
entity
Julius Caesar
Verdi’s Requiem
the Second World War
your body mass index
BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81
Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf
An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001])
entity
continuant
Continuant
continuant
An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts.
BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240
Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants
A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002])
if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001])
if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002])
if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002])
(forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002]
(forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001]
(forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002]
(forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002]
continuant
occurrent
Occurrent
occurrent
An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time.
BFO 2 Reference: every occurrent that is not a temporal or spatiotemporal region is s-dependent on some independent continuant that is not a spatial region
BFO 2 Reference: s-dependence obtains between every process and its participants in the sense that, as a matter of necessity, this process could not have existed unless these or those participants existed also. A process may have a succession of participants at different phases of its unfolding. Thus there may be different players on the field at different times during the course of a football game; but the process which is the entire game s-depends_on all of these players nonetheless. Some temporal parts of this process will s-depend_on on only some of the players.
Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process.
Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame.
An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002])
Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001])
b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001])
(forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001]
(forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001]
occurrent
ic
IndependentContinuant
independent continuant
a chair
a heart
a leg
a molecule
a spatial region
an atom
an orchestra.
an organism
the bottom right portion of a human torso
the interior of your mouth
A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything.
b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])
For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001])
For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002])
(forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001]
(forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002]
(iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002]
independent continuant
s-region
SpatialRegion
spatial region
BFO 2 Reference: Spatial regions do not participate in processes.
Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional.
A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001])
All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001])
(forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001]
(forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001]
spatial region
t-region
TemporalRegion
temporal region
Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensional
A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001])
All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001])
Every temporal region t is such that t occupies_temporal_region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [119-002])
(forall (r) (if (TemporalRegion r) (occupiesTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [119-002]
(forall (x y) (if (and (TemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (TemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [101-001]
(forall (x) (if (TemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [100-001]
temporal region
2d-s-region
TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion
two-dimensional spatial region
an infinitely thin plane in space.
the surface of a sphere-shaped part of space
A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of two dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [039-001])
(forall (x) (if (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [039-001]
two-dimensional spatial region
st-region
SpatiotemporalRegion
spatiotemporal region
the spatiotemporal region occupied by a human life
the spatiotemporal region occupied by a process of cellular meiosis.
the spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumor
A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of spacetime. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [095-001])
All parts of spatiotemporal regions are spatiotemporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [096-001])
Each spatiotemporal region at any time t projects_onto some spatial region at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [099-001])
Each spatiotemporal region projects_onto some temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [098-001])
Every spatiotemporal region occupies_spatiotemporal_region itself.
Every spatiotemporal region s is such that s occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [107-002])
(forall (r) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [107-002]
(forall (x t) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (SpatialRegion y) (spatiallyProjectsOntoAt x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [099-001]
(forall (x y) (if (and (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (SpatioTemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [096-001]
(forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [095-001]
(forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (TemporalRegion y) (temporallyProjectsOnto x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [098-001]
spatiotemporal region
process
Process
process
a process of cell-division, \ a beating of the heart
a process of meiosis
a process of sleeping
the course of a disease
the flight of a bird
the life of an organism
your process of aging.
An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t.
p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])
BFO 2 Reference: The realm of occurrents is less pervasively marked by the presence of natural units than is the case in the realm of independent continuants. Thus there is here no counterpart of ‘object’. In BFO 1.0 ‘process’ served as such a counterpart. In BFO 2.0 ‘process’ is, rather, the occurrent counterpart of ‘material entity’. Those natural – as contrasted with engineered, which here means: deliberately executed – units which do exist in the realm of occurrents are typically either parasitic on the existence of natural units on the continuant side, or they are fiat in nature. Thus we can count lives; we can count football games; we can count chemical reactions performed in experiments or in chemical manufacturing. We cannot count the processes taking place, for instance, in an episode of insect mating behavior.Even where natural units are identifiable, for example cycles in a cyclical process such as the beating of a heart or an organism’s sleep/wake cycle, the processes in question form a sequence with no discontinuities (temporal gaps) of the sort that we find for instance where billiard balls or zebrafish or planets are separated by clear spatial gaps. Lives of organisms are process units, but they too unfold in a continuous series from other, prior processes such as fertilization, and they unfold in turn in continuous series of post-life processes such as post-mortem decay. Clear examples of boundaries of processes are almost always of the fiat sort (midnight, a time of death as declared in an operating theater or on a death certificate, the initiation of a state of war)
(iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003]
process
disposition
Disposition
disposition
an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y
certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer
children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways.
the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocytosis and exocytosis
BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type.
b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002])
If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002])
(forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002]
(forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002]
disposition
realizable
RealizableEntity
realizable entity
the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity.
the disposition of your blood to coagulate
the function of your reproductive organs
the role of being a doctor
the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet
A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances.
To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002])
All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002])
(forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002]
(forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002]
realizable entity
0d-s-region
ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion
zero-dimensional spatial region
A zero-dimensional spatial region is a point in space. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [037-001])
(forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [037-001]
zero-dimensional spatial region
quality
Quality
quality
the ambient temperature of this portion of air
the color of a tomato
the length of the circumference of your waist
the mass of this piece of gold.
the shape of your nose
the shape of your nostril
a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001])
If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001])
(forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001]
(forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001]
quality
sdc
SpecificallyDependentContinuant
specifically dependent continuant
Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key
of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato
of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates.
the disposition of this fish to decay
the function of this heart: to pump blood
the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79
the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction
the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center
the role of being a doctor
the shape of this hole.
the smell of this portion of mozzarella
A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same.
b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n > 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i < j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004])
b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])
Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc.
(iff (RelationalSpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (forall (t) (exists (b c) (and (not (SpatialRegion b)) (not (SpatialRegion c)) (not (= b c)) (not (exists (d) (and (continuantPartOfAt d b t) (continuantPartOfAt d c t)))) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [131-004]
(iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003]
specifically dependent continuant
role
Role
role
John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married.
the priest role
the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories
the role of a building in serving as a military target
the role of a stone in marking a property boundary
the role of subject in a clinical trial
the student role
A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts.
BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives.
b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001])
(forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001]
role
fiat-object
FiatObjectPart
fiat object
or with divisions drawn by cognitive subjects for practical reasons, such as the division of a cake (before slicing) into (what will become) slices (and thus member parts of an object aggregate). However, this does not mean that fiat object parts are dependent for their existence on divisions or delineations effected by cognitive subjects. If, for example, it is correct to conceive geological layers of the Earth as fiat object parts of the Earth, then even though these layers were first delineated in recent times, still existed long before such delineation and what holds of these layers (for example that the oldest layers are also the lowest layers) did not begin to hold because of our acts of delineation.Treatment of material entity in BFOExamples viewed by some as problematic cases for the trichotomy of fiat object part, object, and object aggregate include: a mussel on (and attached to) a rock, a slime mold, a pizza, a cloud, a galaxy, a railway train with engine and multiple carriages, a clonal stand of quaking aspen, a bacterial community (biofilm), a broken femur. Note that, as Aristotle already clearly recognized, such problematic cases – which lie at or near the penumbra of instances defined by the categories in question – need not invalidate these categories. The existence of grey objects does not prove that there are not objects which are black and objects which are white; the existence of mules does not prove that there are not objects which are donkeys and objects which are horses. It does, however, show that the examples in question need to be addressed carefully in order to show how they can be fitted into the proposed scheme, for example by recognizing additional subdivisions [29
the FMA:regional parts of an intact human body.
the Western hemisphere of the Earth
the division of the brain into regions
the division of the planet into hemispheres
the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body
the upper and lower lobes of the left lung
BFO 2 Reference: Most examples of fiat object parts are associated with theoretically drawn divisions
b is a fiat object part = Def. b is a material entity which is such that for all times t, if b exists at t then there is some object c such that b proper continuant_part of c at t and c is demarcated from the remainder of c by a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [027-004])
(forall (x) (if (FiatObjectPart x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y) (and (Object y) (properContinuantPartOfAt x y t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [027-004]
fiat object
1d-s-region
OneDimensionalSpatialRegion
one-dimensional spatial region
an edge of a cube-shaped portion of space.
A one-dimensional spatial region is a line or aggregate of lines stretching from one point in space to another. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [038-001])
(forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [038-001]
one-dimensional spatial region
object-aggregate
ObjectAggregate
object aggregate
a collection of cells in a blood biobank.
a swarm of bees is an aggregate of members who are linked together through natural bonds
a symphony orchestra
an organization is an aggregate whose member parts have roles of specific types (for example in a jazz band, a chess club, a football team)
defined by fiat: the aggregate of members of an organization
defined through physical attachment: the aggregate of atoms in a lump of granite
defined through physical containment: the aggregate of molecules of carbon dioxide in a sealed container
defined via attributive delimitations such as: the patients in this hospital
the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint
the aggregate of blood cells in your body
the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere
the restaurants in Palo Alto
your collection of Meissen ceramic plates.
An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects
BFO 2 Reference: object aggregates may gain and lose parts while remaining numerically identical (one and the same individual) over time. This holds both for aggregates whose membership is determined naturally (the aggregate of cells in your body) and aggregates determined by fiat (a baseball team, a congressional committee).
ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158.
b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004])
(forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004]
object aggregate
3d-s-region
ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion
three-dimensional spatial region
a cube-shaped region of space
a sphere-shaped region of space,
A three-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of three dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [040-001])
(forall (x) (if (ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [040-001]
three-dimensional spatial region
site
Site
site
Manhattan Canyon)
a hole in the interior of a portion of cheese
a rabbit hole
an air traffic control region defined in the airspace above an airport
the Grand Canyon
the Piazza San Marco
the cockpit of an aircraft
the hold of a ship
the interior of a kangaroo pouch
the interior of the trunk of your car
the interior of your bedroom
the interior of your office
the interior of your refrigerator
the lumen of your gut
your left nostril (a fiat part – the opening – of your left nasal cavity)
b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002])
(forall (x) (if (Site x) (ImmaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [034-002]
site
object
Object
object
atom
cell
cells and organisms
engineered artifacts
grain of sand
molecule
organelle
organism
planet
solid portions of matter
star
BFO 2 Reference: BFO rests on the presupposition that at multiple micro-, meso- and macroscopic scales reality exhibits certain stable, spatially separated or separable material units, combined or combinable into aggregates of various sorts (for example organisms into what are called ‘populations’). Such units play a central role in almost all domains of natural science from particle physics to cosmology. Many scientific laws govern the units in question, employing general terms (such as ‘molecule’ or ‘planet’) referring to the types and subtypes of units, and also to the types and subtypes of the processes through which such units develop and interact. The division of reality into such natural units is at the heart of biological science, as also is the fact that these units may form higher-level units (as cells form multicellular organisms) and that they may also form aggregates of units, for example as cells form portions of tissue and organs form families, herds, breeds, species, and so on. At the same time, the division of certain portions of reality into engineered units (manufactured artifacts) is the basis of modern industrial technology, which rests on the distributed mass production of engineered parts through division of labor and on their assembly into larger, compound units such as cars and laptops. The division of portions of reality into units is one starting point for the phenomenon of counting.
BFO 2 Reference: Each object is such that there are entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its interior, and other entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its exterior. This may not be so for entities lying at or near the boundary between the interior and exterior. This means that two objects – for example the two cells depicted in Figure 3 – may be such that there are material entities crossing their boundaries which belong determinately to neither cell. Something similar obtains in certain cases of conjoined twins (see below).
BFO 2 Reference: To say that b is causally unified means: b is a material entity which is such that its material parts are tied together in such a way that, in environments typical for entities of the type in question,if c, a continuant part of b that is in the interior of b at t, is larger than a certain threshold size (which will be determined differently from case to case, depending on factors such as porosity of external cover) and is moved in space to be at t at a location on the exterior of the spatial region that had been occupied by b at t, then either b’s other parts will be moved in coordinated fashion or b will be damaged (be affected, for example, by breakage or tearing) in the interval between t and t.causal changes in one part of b can have consequences for other parts of b without the mediation of any entity that lies on the exterior of b. Material entities with no proper material parts would satisfy these conditions trivially. Candidate examples of types of causal unity for material entities of more complex sorts are as follows (this is not intended to be an exhaustive list):CU1: Causal unity via physical coveringHere the parts in the interior of the unified entity are combined together causally through a common membrane or other physical covering\. The latter points outwards toward and may serve a protective function in relation to what lies on the exterior of the entity [13, 47
BFO 2 Reference: an object is a maximal causally unified material entity
BFO 2 Reference: ‘objects’ are sometimes referred to as ‘grains’ [74
b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001])
object
gdc
GenericallyDependentContinuant
generically dependent continuant
The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity.
the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop
the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule.
A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time.
b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])
(iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001]
generically dependent continuant
function
Function
function
the function of a hammer to drive in nails
the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity
the function of amylase in saliva to break down starch into sugar
BFO 2 Reference: In the past, we have distinguished two varieties of function, artifactual function and biological function. These are not asserted subtypes of BFO:function however, since the same function – for example: to pump, to transport – can exist both in artifacts and in biological entities. The asserted subtypes of function that would be needed in order to yield a separate monoheirarchy are not artifactual function, biological function, etc., but rather transporting function, pumping function, etc.
A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001])
(forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001]
function
p-boundary
ProcessBoundary
process boundary
the boundary between the 2nd and 3rd year of your life.
p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001])
Every process boundary occupies_temporal_region a zero-dimensional temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [085-002])
(forall (x) (if (ProcessBoundary x) (exists (y) (and (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion y) (occupiesTemporalRegion x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [085-002]
(iff (ProcessBoundary a) (exists (p) (and (Process p) (temporalPartOf a p) (not (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [084-001]
process boundary
1d-t-region
OneDimensionalTemporalRegion
one-dimensional temporal region
the temporal region during which a process occurs.
BFO 2 Reference: A temporal interval is a special kind of one-dimensional temporal region, namely one that is self-connected (is without gaps or breaks).
A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is extended. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [103-001])
(forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [103-001]
one-dimensional temporal region
material
MaterialEntity
material entity
a flame
a forest fire
a human being
a hurricane
a photon
a puff of smoke
a sea wave
a tornado
an aggregate of human beings.
an energy wave
an epidemic
the undetached arm of a human being
An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.
BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60
BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity.
BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here.
A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002])
Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002])
every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002])
(forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002]
(forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002]
(forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002]
material entity
cf-boundary
ContinuantFiatBoundary
continuant fiat boundary
b is a continuant fiat boundary = Def. b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions and does not include a spatial region as part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [029-001])
BFO 2 Reference: In BFO 1.1 the assumption was made that the external surface of a material entity such as a cell could be treated as if it were a boundary in the mathematical sense. The new document propounds the view that when we talk about external surfaces of material objects in this way then we are talking about something fiat. To be dealt with in a future version: fiat boundaries at different levels of granularity.More generally, the focus in discussion of boundaries in BFO 2.0 is now on fiat boundaries, which means: boundaries for which there is no assumption that they coincide with physical discontinuities. The ontology of boundaries becomes more closely allied with the ontology of regions.
BFO 2 Reference: a continuant fiat boundary is a boundary of some material entity (for example: the plane separating the Northern and Southern hemispheres; the North Pole), or it is a boundary of some immaterial entity (for example of some portion of airspace). Three basic kinds of continuant fiat boundary can be distinguished (together with various combination kinds [29
Continuant fiat boundary doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary and a one dimensional continuant fiat boundary that doesn't overlap it. The situation is analogous to temporal and spatial regions.
Every continuant fiat boundary is located at some spatial region at every time at which it exists
(iff (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ImmaterialEntity a) (exists (b) (and (or (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b)) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))) (not (exists (c t) (and (SpatialRegion c) (continuantPartOfAt c a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [029-001]
continuant fiat boundary
immaterial
ImmaterialEntity
immaterial entity
BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are divided into two subgroups:boundaries and sites, which bound, or are demarcated in relation, to material entities, and which can thus change location, shape and size and as their material hosts move or change shape or size (for example: your nasal passage; the hold of a ship; the boundary of Wales (which moves with the rotation of the Earth) [38, 7, 10
immaterial entity
1d-cf-boundary
OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary
one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
The Equator
all geopolitical boundaries
all lines of latitude and longitude
the line separating the outer surface of the mucosa of the lower lip from the outer surface of the skin of the chin.
the median sulcus of your tongue
a one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a continuous fiat line whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [032-001])
(iff (OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [032-001]
one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
process-profile
ProcessProfile
process profile
On a somewhat higher level of complexity are what we shall call rate process profiles, which are the targets of selective abstraction focused not on determinate quality magnitudes plotted over time, but rather on certain ratios between these magnitudes and elapsed times. A speed process profile, for example, is represented by a graph plotting against time the ratio of distance covered per unit of time. Since rates may change, and since such changes, too, may have rates of change, we have to deal here with a hierarchy of process profile universals at successive levels
One important sub-family of rate process profiles is illustrated by the beat or frequency profiles of cyclical processes, illustrated by the 60 beats per minute beating process of John’s heart, or the 120 beats per minute drumming process involved in one of John’s performances in a rock band, and so on. Each such process includes what we shall call a beat process profile instance as part, a subtype of rate process profile in which the salient ratio is not distance covered but rather number of beat cycles per unit of time. Each beat process profile instance instantiates the determinable universal beat process profile. But it also instantiates multiple more specialized universals at lower levels of generality, selected from rate process profilebeat process profileregular beat process profile3 bpm beat process profile4 bpm beat process profileirregular beat process profileincreasing beat process profileand so on.In the case of a regular beat process profile, a rate can be assigned in the simplest possible fashion by dividing the number of cycles by the length of the temporal region occupied by the beating process profile as a whole. Irregular process profiles of this sort, for example as identified in the clinic, or in the readings on an aircraft instrument panel, are often of diagnostic significance.
The simplest type of process profiles are what we shall call ‘quality process profiles’, which are the process profiles which serve as the foci of the sort of selective abstraction that is involved when measurements are made of changes in single qualities, as illustrated, for example, by process profiles of mass, temperature, aortic pressure, and so on.
b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002])
b process_profile_of c holds when b proper_occurrent_part_of c& there is some proper_occurrent_part d of c which has no parts in common with b & is mutually dependent on b& is such that b, c and d occupy the same temporal region (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [094-005])
(forall (x y) (if (processProfileOf x y) (and (properContinuantPartOf x y) (exists (z t) (and (properOccurrentPartOf z y) (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion y t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion z t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x) (occurrentPartOf w z))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [094-005]
(iff (ProcessProfile a) (exists (b) (and (Process b) (processProfileOf a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [093-002]
process profile
r-quality
RelationalQuality
relational quality
John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married.
a marriage bond, an instance of love, an obligation between one person and another.
b is a relational quality = Def. for some independent continuants c, d and for some time t: b quality_of c at t & b quality_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [057-001])
(iff (RelationalQuality a) (exists (b c t) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (IndependentContinuant c) (qualityOfAt a b t) (qualityOfAt a c t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [057-001]
relational quality
2d-cf-boundary
TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary
two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary (surface) is a self-connected fiat surface whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [033-001])
(iff (TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [033-001]
two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
0d-cf-boundary
ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary
zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
the geographic North Pole
the point of origin of some spatial coordinate system.
the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet
zero dimension continuant fiat boundaries are not spatial points. Considering the example 'the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet' : There are many frames in which that point is zooming through many points in space. Whereas, no matter what the frame, the quadripoint is always in the same relation to the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona.
a zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a fiat point whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [031-001])
(iff (ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [031-001]
zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
0d-t-region
ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion
zero-dimensional temporal region
a temporal region that is occupied by a process boundary
right now
the moment at which a child is born
the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident
the moment of death.
temporal instant.
A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is without extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [102-001])
(forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [102-001]
zero-dimensional temporal region
history
History
history
A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by a material entity or site, including processes on the surface of the entity or within the cavities to which it serves as host. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [138-001])
history
Any member of the class of organooxygen compounds that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone or a lactol resulting from their intramolecular condensation (monosaccharides); substances derived from these by reduction of the carbonyl group (alditols), by oxidation of one or more hydroxy groups to afford the corresponding aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by a hydrogen atom; and polymeric products arising by intermolecular acetal formation between two or more such molecules (disaccharides, polysaccharides and oligosaccharides). Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms; prior to any oxidation or reduction, most have the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n. Compounds obtained from carbohydrates by substitution, etc., are known as carbohydrate derivatives and may contain other elements. Cyclitols are generally not regarded as carbohydrates.
CHEBI:15131
CHEBI:23008
CHEBI:9318
Wikipedia:Carbohydrate
carbohydrate
carbohydrates
chebi_ontology
Kohlenhydrat
Kohlenhydrate
carbohidrato
carbohidratos
glucide
glucides
glucido
glucidos
hydrates de carbone
saccharide
saccharides
saccharidum
CHEBI:16646
carbohydrate
peptide
Amide derived from two or more amino carboxylic acid molecules (the same or different) by formation of a covalent bond from the carbonyl carbon of one to the nitrogen atom of another with formal loss of water. The term is usually applied to structures formed from alpha-amino acids, but it includes those derived from any amino carboxylic acid. X = OH, OR, NH2, NHR, etc.
peptide
deoxyribonucleic acid
High molecular weight, linear polymers, composed of nucleotides containing deoxyribose and linked by phosphodiester bonds; DNA contain the genetic information of organisms.
deoxyribonucleic acid
glucose
An aldohexose used as a source of energy and metabolic intermediate.
glucose
molecular entity
Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity.
We are assuming that every molecular entity has to be completely connected by chemical bonds. This excludes protein complexes, which are comprised of minimally two separate molecular entities. We will follow up with Chebi to ensure this is their understanding as well
molecular entity
Any fatty acid with one double or triple bond in the fatty acid chain and singly bonded carbon atoms in the rest of the chain. MUFAs have positive effects on the cardiovascular system, and in diabetes treatment.
PMID:10584045
PMID:12936956
chebi_ontology
MUFA
MUFAs
monounsaturated fatty acids
CHEBI:25413
monounsaturated fatty acid
Any fatty acid containing more than one double bond. Acids in this group are reported to have cardioprotective effects; and levels are lowered in chronic fatigue syndrome.
PMID:14977874
PMID:16380690
PMID:17891522
chebi_ontology
PUFA
PUFAs
polyunsaturated fatty acids
CHEBI:26208
polyunsaturated fatty acid
Any fatty acid containing no carbon to carbon multiple bonds. Known to produce adverse biological effects when ingested to excess.
PMID:16492686
PMID:19763019
PMID:20237329
saturated fatty acid
chebi_ontology
SFA
SFAs
saturated fatty acids
CHEBI:26607
saturated fatty acid
atom
A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element.
atom
nucleic acid
A macromolecule made up of nucleotide units and hydrolysable into certain pyrimidine or purine bases (usually adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, uracil), D-ribose or 2-deoxy-D-ribose and phosphoric acid.
nucleic acid
ribonucleic acid
High molecular weight, linear polymers, composed of nucleotides containing ribose and linked by phosphodiester bonds; RNA is central to the synthesis of proteins.
ribonucleic acid
macromolecule
A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
polymer
macromolecule
A biological macromolecule minimally consisting of one polypeptide chain synthesized at the ribosome.
CHEBI:13677
CHEBI:14911
proteins
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:36080
protein
Any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants.
chebi_ontology
dietary component
dietary components
food components
CHEBI:78295
food component
Measurement of the entire amount of cholesterol, a eukaryotic sterol that in higher animals is the precursor of bile acids and steroid hormones and a key constituent of cell membranes, without taking into account any association with other molecules such as lipoproteins, in a specified volume of blood, the fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins carrying nutrients and oxygen to the body tissues and metabolites away from them.
Clinical_Measurement.ontology
blood TC level
CMO:0000051
blood total cholesterol level
Measurement of the amount of cholesterol, a eukaryotic sterol that in higher animals is the precursor of bile acids and steroid hormones and a key constituent of cell membranes, carried in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) molecules in a specified volume of blood, the fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins carrying nutrients and oxygen to the body tissues and metabolites away from them. HDL is the smallest of the major lipoprotein particles, complex molecules that consist of a protein membrane surrounding a core of lipids. The HDL class of lipoproteins, specifically the subtypes of HDL2 and HDL3, have densities between 1.063 and 1.210 g/ml.
Clinical_Measurement.ontology
blood HDL level
blood HDL-C
CMO:0000052
Values for density ranges of the lipoprotein classes are approximate. The classes may be defined differently by different researchers, in part because class definitions depend on the number of subclasses into which the lipoprotein fractions are divided.
blood high density lipoprotein cholesterol level
Measurement of the amount of cholesterol, a eukaryotic sterol that in higher animals is the precursor of bile acids and steroid hormones and a key constituent of cell membranes, carried in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) molecules in a specified volume of blood, the fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins carrying nutrients and oxygen to the body tissues and metabolites away from them. LDL constitute a class of relatively large, heterogeneous lipoprotein particles, complex molecules that consist of a protein membrane surrounding a core of lipids. The LDL class of lipoproteins has a density between 1.019 and 1.063 g/ml. In some animal species, such as canine and rodents, this may overlap with the HDL1 class and be designated LDL/HDL1.
Clinical_Measurement.ontology
blood LDL level
blood LDL-C level
CMO:0000053
Values for density ranges of the lipoprotein classes are approximate. The classes may be defined differently by different researchers, in part because class definitions depend on the number of subclasses into which the lipoprotein fractions are divided.
blood low density lipoprotein cholesterol level
A measurement relating body weight to height in an organism; typically calculated as the weight of an individual divided by the height of that individual squared. For quadrupeds, the square of body height is often replaced by the square of body length.
true
Clinical_Measurement.ontology
BMI
CMO:0000105
body mass index (BMI)
The quantification of any parameter related to the process whereby food (i.e. material, usually of plant or animal origin, that contains essential nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and/or minerals and that is ingested and assimilated by an organism to produce energy, stimulate growth, and maintain life) is taken in for utilization by the body.
JSmith
2012-03-28T01:37:36Z
Clinical_Measurement.ontology
CMO:0000772
food intake measurement
The amount of ethanol, a colorless volatile flammable liquid CH3CH2OH that is the intoxicating agent in liquors, consumed per unit time.
JSmith
2013-01-14T15:41:12Z
alcohol intake rate
Clinical_Measurement.ontology
CMO:0001407
ethanol drink intake rate
An drug intervention for cancer.
A planned process used to influence one or more factors in a research study, and the independent variable in an interventional study wherein the influence is measured or evaluated.
PERSON: Melanie Wilson
PERSON: Melissa Haendel
intervention
A physiological assay of the human body that uses such tools as body mass index, basal metabolic rate, bioelectrical impedance, and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, along with measurements of skinfold thickness and arm muscle circumference, to assess the structure, form, and composition of the body for purposes of comparison.
PERSON: Nicole Vasilevsky
http://www.answers.com/topic/anthropometric-analysis
true
anthropometric analysis
The FoodOn food ontology is a controlled vocabulary that currently covers human food raw ingredients, food products and product types. It will develop semantics for food safety, food security, the agricultural and animal husbandry practices linked to food production, culinary, nutritional and chemical ingredients and processes. FoodOn will also grow to encompass food-chains and natural ecosystems involving other animals and plants. It is built to interoperate with the OBO Library family of ontologies.
FoodOn owes a large debt to LanguaL, the food indexing system developed since the mid 1970's (see LanguaL.org). LanguaL's facets have all been imported here, with some adaptation.
Damion Dooley
foodon ontology
swine food product
http://langual.org
Cucurbitaceae
DPNL 2003:8684
GRIN:10675
ITIS:22356
LANGUAL:B1391
MANSFELD:3905
PLANTS:CILA3
http://eol.org/pages/584423
Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai
Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsumura & Nakai
citrullus lanatus
citrullus vulgaris
colocynthis citrullus
cucurbita citrullus
datiro
edible seed melon
equisi
kaffir melon
momordica lanata
watermelon fruit food product
watermelon plant
watermelon plant as food source
A vegetable with dark green, spear-shaped leaves that can be curled or smooth and are attached to thin stems.
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13251
GRIN:35256
ITIS:20709
LANGUAL:B1420
MANSFELD:485
PLANTS:SPOL
http://eol.org/pages/582002
Spinacia oleracea L.
spinacia oleracea
spinach plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1001
pea, edible seed cultivars as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1002
aspidobranchia
archaeogastropod as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SBF
ITIS:172431
LANGUAL:B1003
http://eol.org/pages/212861
Thunnus maccoyii
Thunnus maccoyii (Castelnau, 1872)
thunnus maccoyii
southern bluefin tuna as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1003
FAO ASFIS:LOT
ITIS:172430
LANGUAL:B1004
http://eol.org/pages/212863
Thunnus tonggol
Thunnus tonggol (Bleeker, 1851)
Thunnus tonggol (Bleeker, I851)
neothunnus rarus
northern bluefin tuna
thunnus tonggol
longtail tuna as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1005
stem or spear vegetable as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1006
fruit used as vegetable as food source
Having a skeleton made up mainly of cartilage, as any of a class (Chondrichthyes) of fishes (cartilaginous fish), including sharks, rays, and skates (Source: Webster's).
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1007
http://eol.org/pages/2774522
chondrichthyes
fish, cartilaginous as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1008
http://eol.org/pages/2441
mesogastropod as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1009
polysaccharide-producing plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1010
neogastropoda
neogastropod as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1011
pectin-producing plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1012
sugar-producing plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1013
plant used for producing extract or concentrate as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1014
gum-producing plant
hemicellulose-producing plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1015
fiber-producing plant
cellulose-producing plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1016
starch-producing plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1017
oil-producing plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1018
vegetable-producing plant, root, tuber or bulb used as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1019
http://eol.org/pages/4267
alpine cranberry
cowberry
vaccinium vitis-idaea
lingonberry (cowberry) plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1020
http://eol.org/pages/8300
aciperseriformes
fish, acipenseriform as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1021
invertebrate, water
fish or lower water animal as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1022
tropical or subtropical nut producing plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1023
http://eol.org/pages/5168
flat-fish
flat-fishes
flatfish
flatfish, flounder
flounders
pleuronectiformes
fish, pleuronectiform as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1024
tropical or subtropical fruit producing plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1025
http://eol.org/pages/5169
soleidae
sole family as food source
http://langual.org
BASIS:126
GRIN:14976
ITIS:506699
LANGUAL:B1026
MANSFELD:20690
http://eol.org/pages/1120264
Eleocharis dulcis (Burm. f.) Trin. ex Hensch.
Eleocharis dulcis (Burm.f.) Hensch.
Eleocharis dulcis (Burm.f.) Trinius ex Henschel
Eleocharis dulcis (Burman f.) Trin. ex Henschel
chinese water chestnut
eleocharis dulcis
ground-chestnut
ma-tai water chestnut
matting reed
waternut
chinese waterchestnut plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1027
great northern bean plant as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:OIF
LANGUAL:B1030
Soletellina diphos (Linnaeus 1771)
hiatula diphos
purple clam
soletellina diphos
diphos sanguin as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:319442
LANGUAL:B1031
Pisum sativum L. subsp. sativum var. macrocarpon Ser.
chinese pea
edible-podded pea
pisum sativum var. macrocarpon
snow pea
sugar pea
sugar pod garden pea
pea, edible pod cultivars as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1033
agar-agar
agar plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1059
FAO ASFIS:OPP
FDA RFE 2010:66
ITIS:166707
LANGUAL:B1034
http://eol.org/pages/994486
Sebastes alutus
Sebastes alutus (Gilbert, 1890)
sebastes alutus
pacific ocean perch as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:PTS
ITIS:81464
LANGUAL:B1035
http://eol.org/pages/401135
Protothaca staminea
Protothaca staminea (Conrad, 1837)
native littleneck
protothaca staminea
steamer
pacific littleneck clam as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1036
floret used as vegetable as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:DJO
ITIS:79501
LANGUAL:B1037
http://eol.org/pages/451577
Modiolus modiolus
Modiolus modiolus (Linnaeus, 1758)
modiolus modiolus
northern horse mussel as food source
http://langual.org
BASIS:145
GRIN:27946
ITIS:36691
LANGUAL:B1038
MANSFELD:32904
http://eol.org/pages/468029
Helianthus tuberosus L.
girasole
helianthus tuberosus
jerusalem sunflower
jerusalem artichoke plant as food source
Dipteryx odorata (commonly known as "cumaru" or "kumaru") is a species of flowering tree in the pea family, Fabaceae, that is native to the Orinoco region of northern South America. Its seeds are known as tonka beans. They are black and wrinkled and have a smooth, brown interior. Their fragrance is reminiscent of vanilla, almonds, cinnamon, and cloves.
WIKIPEDIA:Dipteryx_odorata
http://langual.org
GRIN:14393
ITIS:506251
LANGUAL:B1039
PLANTS:DIOD2
http://eol.org/pages/639810
Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Willd.
Dipteryx odorata (Aublet) Willd.
cumaru
dipteryx odorata
kumaru
tonka bean plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1040
http://eol.org/pages/5099
ictaluridae
bullhead catfish family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1042
pea, smooth wrinkled crosses (plant) as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1043
http://eol.org/pages/24776
scomber spp.
mackerel as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1044
http://eol.org/pages/24016
caranx spp.
jack as food source
The sultana grape is cultivated in the United States under the name Thompson Seedless, named after William Thompson, a viticulturist who was an early grower in California and is sometimes credited with the variety's introduction.
WIKIPEDIA:Thompson_Seedless
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13868
GRIN:41905
ITIS:28629
LANGUAL:B1045
MANSFELD:3182
PLANTS:VIVI5
http://eol.org/pages/582304
Vitis vinifera L.
thompson seedless grape
grape, thompson seedless (plant) as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:MUJ
ITIS:79455
LANGUAL:B1046
http://eol.org/pages/449960
Mytilus californianus
Mytilus californianus Conrad, 1837
mytilus californianus
california mussel as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1047
grain or seed-producing plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1048
carbohydrate-producing plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1049
protein-producing plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1353
FAO ASFIS:SCA
ITIS:79718
LANGUAL:B1050
http://eol.org/pages/448745
Placopecten magellanicus
Placopecten magellanicus (Gmelin, 1791)
Placopecten magellanicus (Gmelin, 1792)
american sea scallop
placopecten magellanicus
sea scallop as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8122
GRIN:319636
LANGUAL:B1051
MANSFELD:23998
http://eol.org/pages/4219
Brassica rapa L. subsp. pekinensis (Lour.) Hanelt
Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis (Lour.) Hanelt
brassica pekinensis
brassica rapa var. pekinensis
celery cabbage
chinese cabbage
heading chinese cabbage
napa
napa cabbage
pe-tsai cabbage
shantung cabbage
chinese or celery cabbage plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12268
GRIN:29866
ITIS:24773
LANGUAL:B1052
MANSFELD:9206
PLANTS:PRCE
http://eol.org/pages/242597
Cerasus vulgaris Mill.
Prunus cerasus L.
acid cherry
morello cherry
prunus cerasus
tart cherry
sour cherry plant as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:556175
LANGUAL:B1054
http://eol.org/pages/591395
Hapalochlaena maculosa (Hoyle, 1883)
hapalochlaena maculosa
octopus maculosus
blue ring octopus as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12577
GRIN:31860
ITIS:504798
LANGUAL:B1055
MANSFELD:17064
PLANTS:RIRU80
http://eol.org/pages/489743
Ribes rubrum L.
cultivated currant
garden currant
garnetberry
ribes ruburm
ribes sativum
ribes sylvestre
red currant plant as food source
The Valencia Orange is a sweet orange first hybridized by California pioneer agronomist and land developer William Wolfskill, on his farm in Santa Ana, United States.
WIKIPEDIA:Valencia_orange
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8703
GRIN:10782
ITIS:28889
LANGUAL:B1056
MANSFELD:7673
PLANTS:CISI3
http://eol.org/pages/4414
Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck
Citrus ×sinensis (L.) Osbeck (pro sp.)
california valencia orange plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1057
vegetable-producing plant, above-ground parts used as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1058
vegetable-producing plant, most parts used as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1059
shellfish or crustacean as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1060
bush bean
green or wax bean
pole bean
phaseolus vulgaris, edible pod cultivar (plant) as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1061
black bean (phaseolus)
phaseolus vulgaris, edible seed cultivar (plant) as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1062
temperate-zone nut producing plant as food source
A boysenberry is a cross between a European Raspberry (Rubus idaeus), a Common Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus), and a Loganberry (Rubus × loganobaccus) .
WIKIPEDIA:Boysenberry
http://langual.org
GRIN:104968
LANGUAL:B1063
http://eol.org/pages/8097
Rubus loganobaccus L. H. Bailey
rubus hybr.
rubus loganobaccus x laciniatus x idaeus
rubus ursinus var. loganobaccus cv. boysen
boysenberry plant
Huckleberry is a name used in North America for several plants in two closely related genera in the family Ericaceae: Gaylussacia and Vaccinium. While some Vaccinium species, such as the Red Huckleberry, are always called huckleberries, other species may be called blueberries or huckleberries depending upon local custom. Similar Vaccinium species in Europe are called bilberries. Berries range in color according to species from bright red, through dark purple, and into the blues. In taste the berries range from tart to sweet, with a flavor similar to that of a blueberry, especially in blue/purple colored varieties. [Wikipedia : ]
WIKIPEDIA:Huckleberries
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1064
gaylussacia spp.
vaccinium spp.
huckleberry plant
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1385
FAO ASFIS:BCL
ITIS:568268
LANGUAL:B1065
http://eol.org/pages/491722
Saxidomus gigantea
Saxidomus gigantea (Deshayes, 1839)
Saxidomus giganteus (Deshayes, 1839)
saxidomus giganteus
butter clam as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8687
GRIN:10683
ITIS:506403
LANGUAL:B1067
MANSFELD:7576
PLANTS:CIAU7
http://eol.org/pages/4414
Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm. & Panz.) Swingle
Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle
Citrus ×aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle (pro sp.)
citrus aurantiifolia
citrus medica var. acida
indian lime
key lime
sour lime
lime (citrus) plant as food source
http://langual.org
CEC:1380
FAO ASFIS:CLH
ITIS:81496
LANGUAL:B1068
http://eol.org/pages/492162
Mercenaria mercenaria (Linnaeus 1758)
Mercenaria mercenaria (Linnaeus, 1758)
cherrystone clam
clam, cherrystone
hardshell
littleneck
mercenaria mercenaria
venus mercenaria
northern quahog as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1000
FAO ASFIS:BET
ITIS:172428
LANGUAL:B1069
http://eol.org/pages/212862
Thunnus obesus
Thunnus obesus (Lowe, 1839)
ahi
parathunnus mebachi
thunnus obesus
bigeye tuna as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:998
FAO ASFIS:BLF
ITIS:172427
LANGUAL:B1070
http://eol.org/pages/223944
Thunnus atlanticus
Thunnus atlanticus (Lesson, 1830)
Thunnus atlanticus (Lesson, 1831)
thunnus atlanticus
blackfin tuna as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10557
GRIN:20762
ITIS:19254
LANGUAL:B1071
PLANTS:JUNI
http://eol.org/pages/594611
Juglans nigra L.
juglans nigra
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the black walnut (drupe, seed) index both *BLACK WALNUT [B1533]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
black walnut plant as food source
The sultana (also called the sultanina) is a type of white, seedless grape assumed to originate from the Turkish, Greek, or Iranian area.
Unprocessed sultanas must be obtained from grapes of the varieties (cultivars) Vitis vinifera L. Apyrena.[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:1999:192:0021:0032:EN:PDF]
WIKIPEDIA:Sultana_(grape)
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13868
GRIN:41905
ITIS:28629
LANGUAL:B1072
MANSFELD:3182
PLANTS:VIVI5
http://eol.org/pages/582304
Vitis vinifera L.
sultana
grape, sultana (plant) as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:997
FAO ASFIS:YFT
FDA RFE 2010:90
ITIS:172423
LANGUAL:B1074
http://eol.org/pages/205934
Thunnus albacares
Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788)
neothunnus macropterus
thunnus albacares
tuna, yellowfin
yellowfin tuna as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1075
http://eol.org/pages/15276
crayfish, marine
marine crayfish
palinurus spp.
rock lobster
palinurid spiny lobster as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1076
solanum dulcamara
bittersweet, european (plant) as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:258
FAO ASFIS:SVF
ITIS:162003
LANGUAL:B1077
http://eol.org/pages/205276
Salvelinus fontinalis
Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1814)
Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1815)
salvelinus fontinalis
speckled trout
brook trout as food source
"Slicing" or "globe" tomatoes are the usual tomatoes of commerce, used for a wide variety of processing and fresh eating.
WIKIPEDIA:Tomato
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10985
GRIN:101442
ITIS:521671
ITIS:529044
LANGUAL:B1078
PLANTS:SOLY2
http://eol.org/pages/392557
Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.
Lycopersicon esculentum var. esculentum P. Mill.
Solanum lycopersicum L.
globe tomato plant as food source
Very hard, translucent, light colored grain used to make semolina flour for pasta.
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13672
GRIN:406896
LANGUAL:B1079
MANSFELD:34092
PLANTS:TRDU3
http://eol.org/pages/8223
Triticum durum Desf.
Triticum turgidum subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.
triticum durum
triticum ispahanicum ssp. durum
triticum turgidum var. durum
durum wheat plant as food source
WIKIPEDIA:Penaeus
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1081
http://eol.org/pages/7184
penaeid shrimps
penaeidae
penaeid shrimp family as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10761
GRIN:21763
ITIS:22954
LANGUAL:B1082
PLANTS:LECA5
http://eol.org/pages/584503
Lepidium campestre (L.) Ait. f.
Lepidium campestre (L.) R.Br.
Lepidium campestre (L.) W. T. Aiton
Lepidium campestre (L.) W.T. Aiton
cream-anther field pepperwort
field peppergrass
field pepperweed
lepidium campestre
field cress plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1083
pinus genus plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1084
http://eol.org/pages/5126
scorpaenidae
scorpionfish family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1085
http://eol.org/pages/3196
Ictiobus Rafinesque, 1820
ictiobus spp.
buffalofish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1086
http://eol.org/pages/7211
rock shrimps
sicyoniidae
sicyoniid shrimp family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:682
FAO ASFIS:SNR
FDA RFE 2010:30
ITIS:168853
LANGUAL:B1089
http://eol.org/pages/216388
Lutjanus campechanus
Lutjanus campechanus (Poey, 1860)
lutjanus blackfordi
lutjanus campechanus
lutjanus pensacolae
snapper, red
red snapper as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1090
http://eol.org/pages/24767
jack and horse mackerel
scad and horse mackerels
trachurus spp.
saurel as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12262
GRIN:29844
ITIS:24770
LANGUAL:B1091
MANSFELD:9202
PLANTS:PRAV
http://eol.org/pages/231737
Prunus avium (L.) L.
prunus avium
sweet cherry plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8096
GRIN:7654
ITIS:23059
LANGUAL:B1092
MANSFELD:24014
PLANTS:BRJU
http://eol.org/pages/583919
Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.
brassica juncea
indian mustard
leaf mustard
mustard spinach
mustard, brown
brown mustard plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:KCY
ITIS:97937
LANGUAL:B1093
http://eol.org/pages/313373
Paralithodes brevipes
Paralithodes brevipes (Benedict, 1894)
Paralithodes brevipes (H. Milne Edwards and Lucas, 1841)
brown king crab
paralithodes brevipes
hanasaki crab as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8104
GRIN:7671
ITIS:530957
LANGUAL:B1094
MANSFELD:23925
PLANTS:BROLB
http://eol.org/pages/4219
Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L.
Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.
brassica oleracea var. botrytis
cauliflower plant as food source
A large rooted white skinned and fleshed variety popular in Belgium and France for forage for animals but also used for human consumption.
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1095
belgian carrot plant as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:524635
ITIS:524636
LANGUAL:B1096
PLANTS:RUIDI
PLANTS:RUIDS2
http://eol.org/pages/8097
Rubus idaeus L. ssp. idaeus
Rubus idaeus L. ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke
Rubus idaeus ssp. idaeus L.
Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke
Rubus idaeus var. idaeus L.
american red raspberry
european red raspberry
rubus idaeus
western red raspberry
red raspberry plant
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1097
origanum heracleoticum
origanum onites
marjoram, pot (plant) as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1239
FAO ASFIS:RSH
ITIS:96028
LANGUAL:B1098
http://eol.org/pages/342178
Sicyonia brevirostris
Sicyonia brevirostris Stimpson, 1871
Sicyonia brevirostris Stimpson, 1874
sicyonia brevirostris
brown rock shrimp as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:ASX
ITIS:168899
LANGUAL:B1099
http://eol.org/pages/356304
Apsilus dentatus
Apsilus dentatus Guichenot, 1853
apsilus dentatus
black snapper as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1100
blackeyed bean
southern pea
vigna unguiculata unguiculata
blackeyed pea plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1101
balsam pear
bitter cucumber
bitter gourd
fu gwa
la-kwa
momordica charantia
bitter melon plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:12571
LANGUAL:B1102
Cucumis melo L. subsp. melo var. inodorus H. Jacq.
casaba melon plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:YNR
ITIS:169243
LANGUAL:B1104
http://eol.org/pages/1012532
Cynoscion arenarius
Cynoscion arenarius Ginsburg, 1930
cynoscion arenarius
white seatrout
sand seatrout as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:20142
LANGUAL:B1106
MANSFELD:21565
NETTOX:
Ipomoea batatas (L.) Poiret
ipomoea batatas
sweet potato plant as food source
Pear tomato or teardrop tomato is the common name for any one in a group of indeterminate heirloom tomatoes. It originated in Europe in the 1700s. There are yellow, orange, and red varieties of this tomato; the yellow variety being most common. They are generally sweet, and are in the shape of a pear, but smaller.
Pear tomatoes are commonly eaten raw, but can also be used as a garnish, as an ingredient in many different dishes and sauces, or in drinks.
WIKIPEDIA:Pear_tomato
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1107
italian tomato
lycopersicon lycopersicum var. pyriforme
pear tomato plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:244
FAO ASFIS:CHE
ITIS:161978
LANGUAL:B1108
http://eol.org/pages/205249
Oncorhynchus masou
Oncorhynchus masou (Brevoort, 1856)
Oncorhynchus masou (Jordan & Oshima 1919)
Oncorhynchus masu (Brevoort, 1856)
masou salmon
oncorhynchus masou
cherry salmon as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:245
FAO ASFIS:TRR
FDA RFE 2010:43
ITIS:161989
LANGUAL:B1109
http://eol.org/pages/205250
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792)
Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792)
oncorhynchus mykiss
salmo gairdneri
salmo irideus
steelhead trout
trout, rainbow
rainbow trout as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13835
GRIN:312022
ITIS:505691
LANGUAL:B1110
MANSFELD:27404
PLANTS:VIAN7
http://eol.org/pages/648839
Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & H.Ohashi
Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi
Vigna angularis var. angularis
azuki bean
phaseolus angularis
vigna angularis
adzuki bean plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:956
FAO ASFIS:LTA
ITIS:172402
LANGUAL:B1111
http://eol.org/pages/223064
Euthynnus alletteratus
Euthynnus alletteratus (Rafinesque, 1810)
euthynnus alletteratus
spotted tunny as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:957
FAO ASFIS:BKJ
ITIS:172405
LANGUAL:B1112
http://eol.org/pages/206690
Euthynnus lineatus
Euthynnus lineatus Kishinouye, 1920
euthynnus lineatus
black skipjack as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1113
french bean
kidney bean plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1114
satureja montana
savory
winter savory
savory, winter (plant) as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:242
FAO ASFIS:CHU
ITIS:161976
LANGUAL:B1115
http://eol.org/pages/205247
Oncorhynchus keta
Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792)
Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum, 1792)
keta salmon
oncorhynchus keta
salmon, chum
chum salmon as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:PIN
FDA RFE 2010:41
ITIS:161975
LANGUAL:B1116
http://eol.org/pages/205246
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum, 1792)
oncorhynchus gorbuscha
salmon, pink
pink salmon as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:243
FAO ASFIS:COH
FDA RFE 2010:42
ITIS:161977
LANGUAL:B1117
http://eol.org/pages/205248
Oncorhynchus kisutch
Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum, 1792)
cohoe salmon
medium red salmon
oncorhynchus kisutch
salmon, coho
silver salmon
coho salmon as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:229
FAO ASFIS:CIS
ITIS:623384
LANGUAL:B1118
http://eol.org/pages/225402
Coregonus artedi
Coregonus artedi Lesueur, 1818
Coregonus artedii Lesueur, 1818
chub
cisco
coregonus artedii
lake cisco
lakefish
tullibee
lake herring as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1119
http://eol.org/pages/7176
pandalid shrimps
pandalid shrimps nei
pandalidae
pink shrimps
pandalid shrimp family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1002
FAO ASFIS:BFT
ITIS:172421
LANGUAL:B1120
http://eol.org/pages/223943
Thunnus thynnus
Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758)
thunnus thynnus
bluefin tuna as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1121
http://eol.org/pages/30108
rubus spp.
berry, bramble (plant) as food source
marine mammal is a mammal that is primarily ocean-dwelling or depends on the ocean for its food. Mammals originally evolved on land, but later marine mammals evolved to live back in the ocean. There are five groups of marine mammals:
(1) Order Sirenia: the manatee, dugong, and sea cow. (2) Order Carnivora, family Ursidae: the polar bear. (3) Order Carnivora, infrafamily Pinnipedia: the seal, sea lion, and walrus. (4) Order Carnivora, family Mustelidae: the Sea Otter and Marine Otter. (5) Order Cetacea: the whale, dolphin, and porpoise.
WIKIPEDIA:Marine_mammal
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1122
cetacea
marine mammal as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:33176
LANGUAL:B1123
MANSFELD:16404
NETTOX:
Satureja hortensis L.
satureja hortensis
summer savory
savory, summer (plant) as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1124
http://eol.org/pages/6893
clupeidae
herring family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1125
http://eol.org/pages/7592
numididae
guinea fowl as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1126
http://eol.org/pages/24383
oncorhynchus
salmon, pacific
pacific salmon as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8100
GRIN:7666
ITIS:23061
LANGUAL:B1127
MANSFELD:24109
PLANTS:BRNI
http://eol.org/pages/583895
Brassica nigra (L.) W. D. J. Koch
Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch
Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J.Koch
brassica nigra
mustard, black
black mustard plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SOC
ITIS:161979
LANGUAL:B1128
http://eol.org/pages/205251
Oncorhynchus nerka
Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792)
Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum, 1792)
blueback salmon
oncorhynchus nerka
red salmon
redfish, little
salmon, sockeye
sockeye salmon as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1129
http://eol.org/pages/5158
salmonidae
trout and salmon family as food source
Juglans regia, the Persian walnut, English walnut, or especially in Great Britain, Common walnut, is an Old World walnut tree species native to the region stretching from the Balkans eastward to the Himalayas and southwest China. The whole fruit, including the husk, falls in autumn; the seed is large, with a relatively thin shell, and edible, with a rich flavor.
WIKIPEDIA:Juglans_regia
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10558
GRIN:20772
ITIS:503244
LANGUAL:B1130
MANSFELD:11850
PLANTS:JURE80
http://eol.org/pages/487229
Juglans regia L.
juglans regia
persian walnut
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the English walnut fruit (drupe, seed) index both *ENGLISH WALNUT [B1130]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
english walnut plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FDA RFE 2010:50
ITIS:172921
LANGUAL:B1131
http://eol.org/pages/210935
Parophrys vetulus
Parophrys vetulus Girard, 1854
parophrys vetulus
sole, english
english sole as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:247
FAO ASFIS:CHI
FDA RFE 2010:44
ITIS:161980
LANGUAL:B1132
http://eol.org/pages/205252
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792)
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum, 1792)
king salmon
oncorhynchus tshawytscha
salmon, chinook
spring salmon
chinook salmon as food source
Persian melon, binomial name cucumis melo, is a type of melon. It is orange in color and has a strongly netted, unridged rind. It is also known as the "Patelquat".
WIKIPEDIA:Persian_melon
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1133
persian melon plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1134
animal (mammal) as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1135
water snail as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:180722
LANGUAL:B1136
MSW3:14200054
http://eol.org/pages/328663
Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758
ham
pig
pork
sus scrofa
sus scrofa domesticus
swine as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1137
merluccius productus
pacific hake
pacific whiting as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1138
http://eol.org/pages/8897
Squatina Duméril, 1806
squatina spp.
angel shark as food source
Rutaceae, commonly known as the rue or citrus family, is a family of flowering plants, usually placed in the order Sapindales.
Citrus is a common term and genus (*Citrus*) of flowering plants in the rue family, *Rutaceae*. Citrus is believed to have originated in the part of Southeast Asia bordered by Northeastern India, Myanmar (Burma) and the Yunnan province of China. Citrus fruit has been cultivated in an ever-widening area since ancient times; the best-known examples are the oranges, lemons, grapefruit, and limes.
WIKIPEDIA:Rutaceae
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1139
http://eol.org/pages/4414
rutaceae
citrus family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1140
fruit-producing plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1141
white pepper
pepper, white (plant) as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1142
aquatic animal as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:282
FAO ASFIS:FPI
ITIS:162139
LANGUAL:B1143
http://eol.org/pages/206652
Esox lucius
Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758
esox lucius
northern pike as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1144
http://eol.org/pages/8245
cheilopogon spp.
cypselurus spp.
exocoetus spp.
hirundichthys spp.
parexocoetus spp.
flyingfish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1145
ocimum minimum
basil, bush as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:4234
LANGUAL:B1146
MANSFELD:23561
NETTOX:
Armoracia rusticana Gaertn., Mey. & Scherb.
armoracia lapathifolia
horseradish plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:159
FAO ASFIS:SHA
ITIS:161702
LANGUAL:B1147
http://eol.org/pages/205467
Alosa sapidissima
Alosa sapidissima (Wilson, 1811)
alosa sapidissima
american shad as food source
White mustard (*Sinapis alba*) is an annual plant of the family *Brassicaceae*. It is sometimes also referred to as *Brassica alba* or *Brassica hirta*. Grown for its seeds, mustard, as fodder crop or as a green manure, it is now widespread worldwide, although it probably originated in the Mediterranean region.
WIKIPEDIA:White_mustard
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13121
GRIN:33963
ITIS:23309
LANGUAL:B1148
MANSFELD:24142
PLANTS:SIAL5
http://eol.org/pages/583812
Sinapis alba L.
brassica hirta
mustard, white or yellow
mustard, yellow
white mustard plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1214
FAO ASFIS:PST
ITIS:551680
LANGUAL:B1149
http://eol.org/pages/128564
Litopenaeus setiferus
Litopenaeus setiferus (Linnaeus, 1767)
Penaeus setiferus (Linnaeus, 1767)
litopenaeus setiferus
penaeus setiferus
white shrimp
northern white shrimp as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7927
GRIN:6531
ITIS:192210
LANGUAL:B1150
MANSFELD:25776
PLANTS:BAAL2
http://eol.org/pages/594519
Basella alba L.
basella alba
ceylon spinach
indian spinach
malabar spinach
vine spinach
malabar nightshade plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1151
popcorn, white (plant) as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:588
FAO ASFIS:PEW
ITIS:167678
LANGUAL:B1152
http://eol.org/pages/216654
Morone americana
Morone americana (Gmelin, 1789)
morone americana
white perch as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1063
FAO ASFIS:REG
LANGUAL:B1153
http://eol.org/pages/5126
Sebastes marinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
golden redfish
norway haddock
ocean perch
rockfish (ocean perch)
sebastes marinus
redfish or ocean perch as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1154
http://eol.org/pages/5194
Trichiurus Linnaeus, 1758
hairtailfish
trichiurus spp.
cutlassfish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1155
http://eol.org/pages/5115
ariidae
sea catfish family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1156
pod or seed vegetable as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1157
http://eol.org/pages/5496
gadiformes
fish, gadiform as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:25478
LANGUAL:B1158
MANSFELD:15847
NETTOX:
Ocimum basilicum L.
basil
ocimum basilicum
sweet basil
basil, sweet (plant) as food source
Ribes is a genus of about 150 species of flowering plants native throughout the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. It is usually treated as the only genus in the family Grossulariaceae. Seven subgenera are recognized.
WIKIPEDIA:Ribes
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1159
http://eol.org/pages/38348
ribes spp.
berry, ribes (plant) as food source
Cattle (colloquially cows) are the most common type of large domesticated ungulates. They are a prominent modern member of the subfamily *Bovinae*, are the most widespread species of the genus *Bos*, and are most commonly classified collectively as *Bos primigenius*.
WIKIPEDIA:Domestic_cattle
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1161
http://eol.org/pages/2851454
auroch
bos spp.
cattle as food source
The pomegranate, *Punica granatum*, is a fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or small tree growing between five and eight meters tall.
WIKIPEDIA:Punica_granatum
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12381
GRIN:30372
ITIS:27278
LANGUAL:B1162
MANSFELD:7860
PLANTS:PUGR2
http://eol.org/pages/582971
Punica granatum L.
punica granatum
punica malus
pomegranate plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1163
http://eol.org/pages/7171
freshwater prawns
freshwater shrimps
palaemonid shrimps
palaemonidae
palaemonid shrimp family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1164
agnatha
fish, jawless as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:162144
LANGUAL:B1165
http://eol.org/pages/223145
Esox masquinongy
Esox masquinongy Mitchill, 1824
esox masquinongy
muskellunge as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:665
FAO ASFIS:HOM
ITIS:168588
LANGUAL:B1166
http://eol.org/pages/206048
Trachurus trachurus
Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus, 1758)
scad
trachurus trachurus
atlantic horse mackerel as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:1227
LANGUAL:B1167
MANSFELD:7306
NETTOX:
Acer saccharum Marsh.
sugar maple plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LJI
FDA RFE 2010:31
ITIS:168848
LANGUAL:B1168
http://eol.org/pages/214443
Lutjanus griseus
Lutjanus griseus (Linnaeus, 1758)
lutjanus griseus
gray snapper as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1169
green olive plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1170
black olive plant as food source
turnip greens = turnip tops = turnip salad = Hanover greens.
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8123
GRIN:7687
ITIS:23063
LANGUAL:B1171
PLANTS:BRRA
http://eol.org/pages/583898
Brassica rapa L.
Brassica rapa L. subsp. perviridis L.H.Bailey
Brassica rapa var. perviridis L. H. Bailey
brassica rapa var. perviridis
hanover greens
turnip salad
turnip tops
turnip greens plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:10535
LANGUAL:B1172
MANSFELD:30808
NETTOX:
Cicer arietinum L.
bengal gram bean
chick bean
chick pea
cicer arietinum
indian gram bean
garbanzo bean plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:36628
LANGUAL:B1173
MANSFELD:16336
NETTOX:
Thymus serpyllum L.
thymus serpyllum
thyme, wild (plant) as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1174
edible seed producing plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8007
GRIN:7057
LANGUAL:B1175
MANSFELD:276
PLANTS:BEVUC
Beta vulgaris L. ssp. cicla (L.) W.D.J. Koch
Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris
Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla L.
Beta vulgaris ssp. cicla (L.) Koch
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris
beta vulgaris var. cicla
leaf beet
mangold
silver beet
spinach beet
swiss chard
chard plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1176
caraway, black
nigella sativa
nutmeg flower
roman coriander
cumin, black (plant) as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:607
FAO ASFIS:FPY
ITIS:168469
LANGUAL:B1177
http://eol.org/pages/205259
Perca flavescens
Perca flavescens (Mitchill, 1814)
perca flavescens
yellow perch as food source
The Muscat variety of grapes of the species Vitis vinifera is widely grown for wine, raisins and table grapes.
Unprocessed dried muscatel grapes must be obtained from grapes of the varieties (cultivars) Vitis vinifera L. muscatel.[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:1999:192:0021:0032:EN:PDF]
WIKIPEDIA:Muscat_grape
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13868
GRIN:41905
ITIS:28629
LANGUAL:B1178
MANSFELD:3182
PLANTS:VIVI5
http://eol.org/pages/582304
Vitis vinifera L.
muscat grape
grape, muscat (plant) as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1179
flavor-producing plant
herb-producing plant
spice or flavor-producing plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1275
FAO ASFIS:DUN
ITIS:98675
LANGUAL:B1180
http://eol.org/pages/328221
Cancer magister
Cancer magister Dana, 1852
cancer magister
dungeness crab as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:14175
LANGUAL:B1181
MANSFELD:18574
NETTOX:
Dioscorea species
dioscorea alata
greater yam
guyana arrowroot
water yam
yam, tropical (plant) as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:CVB
ITIS:98429
LANGUAL:B1182
http://eol.org/pages/313720
Chionoecetes bairdi
Chionoecetes bairdi M. J. Rathbun, 1924
Chionoecetes bairdi Rathbun, 1924
chionoecetes bairdi
tanner crab
southern tanner crab as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1183
http://eol.org/pages/39510
mutton (meat)
ovis spp.
sheep as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1184
http://eol.org/pages/5288
moronidae
percichthyidae
temperate bass families as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1185
baby lima bean plant as food source
Also called shell bean or shellout, and known as borlotti bean in Italy, the cranberry bean has a large, knobby beige pod splotched with red. The beans inside are cream-colored with red streaks and have a delicious nutlike flavor. Cranberry beans must be shelled before cooking. Heat diminishes their beautiful red color. They're available fresh in the summer and dried throughout the year.
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1186
phaseolus vulgaris
cranberry bean plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:711
FAO ASFIS:WEW
ITIS:169387
LANGUAL:B1187
http://eol.org/pages/137943
Atractoscion nobilis
Atractoscion nobilis (Ayres, 1860)
atractoscion nobilis
cynoscion nobilis
white seabass as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1188
cusparia trifoliata
galipea officinalis
angostura (tree) plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1189
cucurbita maxima
winter squash plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:12606
LANGUAL:B1190
MANSFELD:4153
NETTOX:
Cucurbita pepo L.
cucurbita pepo
yellow crookneck squash
yellow squash
summer squash plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:28589
LANGUAL:B1191
MANSFELD:9964
NETTOX:
Piper nigrum L.
black pepper
malabar black pepper
pepper, black (plant) as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12576
GRIN:31845
ITIS:24488
LANGUAL:B1192
MANSFELD:17044
PLANTS:RINI
http://eol.org/pages/583204
Ribes nigrum L.
ribes nigrum
black currant plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8688
GRIN:10684
ITIS:28884
LANGUAL:B1193
MANSFELD:7658
PLANTS:CIAU8
PLANTS:CIAUA
http://eol.org/pages/4414
Citrus aurantium L.
Citrus aurantium L. subsp. aurantium
Citrus ×aurantium L. (pro sp.)
Citrus ×aurantium L. ssp. aurantium
bigarade
bitter orange
citrus aurantium
citrus aurantium var. aurantium
citrus vulgaris
seville orange
sour orange plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1194
head vegetable as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1195
http://eol.org/pages/25511
dogfish shark
spurdog
squalus spp.
spiny dogfish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1196
crowder pea plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:21664
LANGUAL:B1197
MANSFELD:15206
NETTOX:
Laurus nobilis L.
bay laurel leaf
bay leaf
laurel
laurus nobilis
bay plant as food source
A young chicken (usually 8-12 weeks or age), of either sex, that is tender-meated with soft, pliable, smooth- textured skin and flexible breastbone cartilage.
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1198
broiler chicken
fryer chicken
broiler or fryer chicken as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:36631
LANGUAL:B1199
MANSFELD:16318
NETTOX:
Thymus vulgaris L.
thyme, common
thyme, white
thymus vulgaris
thyme plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:300675
LANGUAL:B1200
MANSFELD:27303
NETTOX:
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ssp. unguiculata
vigna sinensis
vigna unguiculata
cowpea plant as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:183838
LANGUAL:B1201
MSW3:14200687
http://eol.org/pages/328699
Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758
bos taurus
domesticated cattle
cow as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7770
GRIN:4485
ITIS:18117
LANGUAL:B1202
PLANTS:ASTR
http://eol.org/pages/1054816
Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal
asimina triloba
dog banana
indian banana
pawpaw plant as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:676899
LANGUAL:B1203
http://eol.org/pages/1064947
Patagioenas fasciata (Say, 1823)
band-tailed dove
columba fasciata
patagioenas fasciata
dove as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1204
http://eol.org/pages/99403
aplodinotus spp.
river drum
thunderpumper
freshwater drum as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1205
http://eol.org/pages/2351
calamari
loliginidae
squid as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12270
GRIN:29888
ITIS:24774
LANGUAL:B1206
MANSFELD:9332
PLANTS:PRDO
http://eol.org/pages/301139
Prunus domestica L.
prunus domestica
plum plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1208
squash plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11866
GRIN:28046
ITIS:42458
LANGUAL:B1209
MANSFELD:10700
PLANTS:PHDA4
http://eol.org/pages/1135088
Phoenix dactylifera L.
phoenix dactylifera
date plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:5113
LANGUAL:B1210
MANSFELD:13652
PLANTS:GOSSY
http://eol.org/pages/4321
Gossypium L.
gossypium spp.
cotton plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8698
GRIN:10745
ITIS:28886
LANGUAL:B1211
MANSFELD:7611
PLANTS:CIME3
http://eol.org/pages/582203
Citrus medica L.
Citrus medica L. var. medica
citrus medica
citron plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10889
GRIN:22399
ITIS:503504
LANGUAL:B1212
MANSFELD:6914
PLANTS:LICH4
http://eol.org/pages/487032
Litchi chinensis Sonn.
litchee
litchi chinensis
litchi nut
lychee
nephelium litchi
litchi plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1213
nut producing plant as food source
The nutmeg tree is any of several species of trees in genus *Myristica*. The most important commercial species is *Myristica fragrans*, an evergreen tree indigenous to the Banda Islands in the Moluccas (or Spice Islands) of Indonesia. The nutmeg tree is important for two spices derived from the fruit: nutmeg and mace. Nutmeg is the actual seed of the tree, while mace is the dried "lacy" reddish covering or aril of the seed.
WIKIPEDIA:Nutmeg
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11300
GRIN:24855
ITIS:18125
LANGUAL:B1214
MANSFELD:12036
PLANTS:MYFR3
http://eol.org/pages/596922
Myristica fragrans Houtt.
myristica fragrans
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the spice mace made from nutmeg, use *NUTMEG [B1214]* and *ARIL [C0287]*.
nutmeg plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11328
GRIN:25110
ITIS:18400
LANGUAL:B1216
PLANTS:NENU2
http://eol.org/pages/596454
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.
nelumbo nucifera
lotus plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:103137
ITIS:505272
LANGUAL:B1218
MANSFELD:5808
PLANTS:SOSU
http://eol.org/pages/482935
Solanum tuberosum L.
irish potato
solanum tuberosum
white potato
potato plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7879
GRIN:6123
ITIS:41459
LANGUAL:B1219
MANSFELD:33218
PLANTS:AVSA
http://eol.org/pages/1114783
Avena sativa L.
avena sativa
common oat plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1220
Insecta
insecta
insect as food source
The cashew is a tree in the family Anacardiaceae. Its English name derives from the Portuguese name for the fruit of the cashew tree, caju, which in turn derives from the indigenous Tupi name, acajú. It is now widely grown in tropical climates for its cashew nuts and cashew apples.
The fruit of the cashew tree is an accessory fruit (sometimes called a pseudocarp or false fruit). What appears to be the fruit is an oval or pear-shaped structure that develops from the pedicel and the receptacle of the cashew flower. Called the cashew apple, better known in Central America as "marañón", it ripens into a yellow and/or red structure about 5 to 11 cm long. It is edible, and has a strong "sweet" smell and a sweet taste. The pulp of the cashew apple is very juicy, but the skin is fragile, making it unsuitable for transport. In Latin America, a fruit drink is made from the cashew apple pulp which has a very refreshing taste and tropical flavor that can be described as having notes of mango, raw green pepper, and just a little hint of grapefruit-like citrus. The true fruit of the cashew tree is a kidney or boxing-glove shaped drupe that grows at the end of the cashew apple. The drupe develops first on the tree, and then the pedicel expands into the cashew apple. Within the true fruit is a single seed, the cashew nut. Although a nut in the culinary sense, in the botanical sense the nut of the cashew is a seed. The seed is surrounded by a double shell containing an allergenic phenolic resin, anacardic acid, a potent skin irritant chemically related to the more well known allergenic oil urushiol which is also a toxin found in the related poison ivy. Properly roasting cashews destroys the toxin, but it must be done outdoors as the smoke (not unlike that from burning poison ivy) contains urushiol droplets which can cause severe, sometimes life-threatening, reactions by irritating the lungs.
WIKIPEDIA:Anacardium_occidentale
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7475
GRIN:3060
ITIS:28793
LANGUAL:B1221
MANSFELD:28212
PLANTS:ANOC
http://eol.org/pages/582263
Anacardium occidentale L.
anacardium occidentale
cashew apple
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the pecan fruit (drupe, seed) index both *PECAN [B1221]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
cashew plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1222
fish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1223
http://eol.org/pages/2235
mytilidae
mussel as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1224
http://eol.org/pages/2248
crassostrea spp.
ostrea spp.
ostreidae
oyster as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1225
rosaceae
rosae
rose plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13063
GRIN:33749
ITIS:505186
LANGUAL:B1226
MANSFELD:10138
PLANTS:SEOR4
http://eol.org/pages/4428
Sesamum indicum L.
Sesamum orientale L.
sesamum indicum
sesamum orientale
sesame plant as food source
The carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) is a root vegetable, usually orange, purple, red, white, or yellow in colour, with a crisp texture when fresh. The edible part of a carrot is a taproot. It is a domesticated form of the wild carrot Daucus carota, native to Europe and southwestern Asia. It has been bred for its greatly enlarged and more palatable, less woody-textured edible taproot, but is still the same species. [Wikipedia]
\n\nDaucus carota (common names include wild carrot, (UK) bird's nest, bishop's lace, and (US) Queen Anne's lace) is a flowering plant in the family Apiaceae, native to temperate regions of Europe, southwest Asia and naturalised to northeast North America; domesticated carrots are cultivars of a subspecies, Daucus carota subsp. sativus. Like the cultivated carrot, the wild carrot root is edible while young, but quickly becomes too woody to consume. [Wikipedia]
http://langual.org
GRIN:13337
GRIN:300172
ITIS:29477
ITIS:524845
ITIS:524846
LANGUAL:B1227
MANSFELD:1080
http://eol.org/pages/581785
Daucus L.
Daucus carota L.
Daucus carota L. subsp. carota
Daucus carota ssp. carota L.
Daucus carota ssp. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang.
baby carrot
bird's nest
daucus carota
queen anne's lace
wild carrot
LanguaL curation note: Use for both wild and domesticated (garden) carrot. The is some disagreement concerning the scientific name.
carrot plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:326
FAO ASFIS:FCP
ITIS:163344
LANGUAL:B1228
http://eol.org/pages/985921
Cyprinus carpio
Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758
Cyprinus carpio carpio Linnaeus, 1758
chub (carp)
cyprinus carpio
common carp as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:180691
LANGUAL:B1229
MSW3:14100015
http://eol.org/pages/328648
Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758
equus caballus
horse as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10323
GRIN:317403
ITIS:40874
LANGUAL:B1230
MANSFELD:33890
PLANTS:HOVU
http://eol.org/pages/1114455
Hordeum vulgare L.
hordeum vulgare
barley plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1231
berry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13973
GRIN:311987
ITIS:42269
LANGUAL:B1232
MANSFELD:36372
PLANTS:ZEMA
http://eol.org/pages/1115259
Zea mays L.
Zea mays subsp. mays
maize
zea mays
LanguaL curation note: Use 'field corn' for any breakfast cereals or snack foods having 'corn' as the main ingredient.
corn plant (sensu maize)
http://langual.org
GRIN:315611
LANGUAL:B1233
MANSFELD:212
NETTOX:
Allium sativum L.
allium sativum
garlic plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1234
http://eol.org/pages/25595
calamus spp.
porgy as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:200
FAO ASFIS:SPR
ITIS:161789
LANGUAL:B1235
http://eol.org/pages/607993
Sprattus sprattus
Sprattus sprattus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Sprattus sprattus sprattus (Linnaeus, 1758)
clupea sprattus
european sprat
sprattus sprattus
sprat as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1236
http://eol.org/pages/18523
meleagris spp.
turkey (poultry) as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1237
http://eol.org/pages/2602479
caridea
crangonidae
palaemondidae
penaeidae
prawn
shrimp as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:316592
LANGUAL:B1238
MANSFELD:23971
NETTOX:
Brassica rapa L. ssp. rapa
brassica rapa var. rapifera
turnip plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1239
http://eol.org/pages/25872
opisthonema spp.
thread herring as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1158
CEC 1993:1159
FAO ASFIS:TUR
ITIS:616195
LANGUAL:B1240
http://eol.org/pages/213913
Psetta maxima
Psetta maxima (Linnaeus, 1758)
Psetta maxima maeotica (Pallas, 1811)
psetta maxima
scophthalmus maximus
turbot as food source
Okra (*Abelmoschus esculentus* Moench, known in many English-speaking countries as lady's fingers or gumbo) is a flowering plant in the mallow family. It is valued for its edible green seed pods. The geographical origin of okra is disputed, with supporters of South Asian, Ethiopian and West African origins. The plant is cultivated in tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions around the world.
WIKIPEDIA:Abelmoschus_esculentus
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7006
GRIN:619
ITIS:21770
LANGUAL:B1241
PLANTS:ABES
http://eol.org/pages/584458
Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench
abelmoschus esculentus
gombo
gumbo
hibiscus esculentus
lady's finger
okra plant as food source
Turtles are reptiles of the order *Testudines* (the crown group of the superorder *Chelonia*), characterised by a special bony or cartilaginous shell developed from their ribs that acts as a shield.Species of the zoological order *Chelonia*.
WIKIPEDIA:Turtle
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1242
chelonia
malaclemys
terrapin
turtle as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1243
http://eol.org/pages/25445
istiophorus spp.
makaira spp.
tetrapturus spp.
marlin as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9581
GRIN:15602
ITIS:502403
LANGUAL:B1244
MANSFELD:8991
PLANTS:ERJA3
http://eol.org/pages/628975
ErioboInOwltrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.
erioboInOwltrya japonica
japanese medlar
japanese plum (erioboInOwltrya)
loquat plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11049
GRIN:104681
LANGUAL:B1245
MANSFELD:8860
http://eol.org/pages/8097
Malus domestica Borkh.
malus communis
malus domestica
pyrus malus
apple tree as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:8897
LANGUAL:B1247
MANSFELD:24347
NETTOX:
Capparis spinosa L.
capparis spinosa
caper plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:311781
LANGUAL:B1248
MANSFELD:24078
NETTOX:
Brassica napus L. emend. Metzg. var. napus
brassica napus
rape plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8382
GRIN:9147
ITIS:22324
LANGUAL:B1249
MANSFELD:23437
PLANTS:CAPA23
http://eol.org/pages/585682
Carica papaya L.
carica papaya
hawaiian papaya
lechoza
melon tree
pawpaw
papaya plant as food source
The taxonomies given vary widely.
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1250
capsicum
capsicum annuum
pepper, green or red (plant) as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1251
http://eol.org/pages/2822835
tetraoninae
grouse as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1252
rana catesbiana
rana esculenta
rana japonica
rana nigromaculata
rana pipiens
rana sylvatica
salientia
frog as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1253
http://eol.org/pages/18070
branta spp.
goose as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1254
trifolium spp.
clover plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:50069
LANGUAL:B1255
MANSFELD:12338
NETTOX:
Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry
caryophyllus
eugenia aromatica
syzygium aromaticum
clove plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:722
FAO ASFIS:SPT
ITIS:169267
LANGUAL:B1256
http://eol.org/pages/206726
Leiostomus xanthurus
Leiostomus xanthurus Lacepède, 1802
Leiostomus xanthurus Lacépède, 1803
leiostomus xanthurus
spot croaker as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:180703
LANGUAL:B1257
MSW3:14200208
http://eol.org/pages/328654
Alces alces (Linnaeus, 1758)
Alces alces Linnaeus, 1758
alces alces
eurasian elk
moose as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1258
salmo except salmo salar
trout as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1259
http://eol.org/pages/58242
busycon
strombus spp.
conch as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10032
GRIN:17540
ITIS:183269
LANGUAL:B1260
PLANTS:GIBI2
http://eol.org/pages/1156278
Ginkgo biloba L.
ginkgo biloba
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the ginkgo fruit (nut) index both *GINGKO [B1260]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
ginkgo plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9845
GRIN:300219
ITIS:29509
LANGUAL:B1262
MANSFELD:1536
PLANTS:FOVU
http://eol.org/pages/585008
Foeniculum vulgare Mill.
Foeniculum vulgare P. Mill.
foeniculum vulgare
fennel plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1232
FAO ASFIS:PRF
ITIS:96343
LANGUAL:B1263
http://eol.org/pages/344690
Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man 1879)
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879)
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man, 1879)
giant freshwater shrimp
giant river prawn
macrobrachium rosenbergii
giant freshwater prawn as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1264
http://eol.org/pages/13109
sarda spp.
bonito as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:42254
LANGUAL:B1265
MANSFELD:3222
NETTOX:
Zingiber officinale Roscoe
zingiber officinale
ginger plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11278
GRIN:70453
ITIS:42391
LANGUAL:B1266
MANSFELD:12425
PLANTS:MUPA3
http://eol.org/pages/1116069
Musa X paradisiaca L. (pro sp.)
Musa x paradisiaca L.
Musa ×paradisiaca L. (pro sp.)
banana, common
common banana
dessert banana
french plantain
musa sapientum
musa x paradisiaca
plantain
sweet banana
common banana plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1267
mentha spp.
mint plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:21739
LANGUAL:B1268
MANSFELD:30720
NETTOX:
Lens culinaris Medik.
lens culinaris
lentil plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1269
http://eol.org/pages/2804369
thunnini
tuna as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11082
GRIN:23351
ITIS:28803
LANGUAL:B1270
MANSFELD:28253
PLANTS:MAIN3
http://eol.org/pages/582270
Mangifera indica L.
indian mango
mangifera indica
mango plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:312261
LANGUAL:B1271
MANSFELD:18979
http://eol.org/pages/8223
Bambusa Schreb.
Bambusa spp.
bambusa spp.
bamboo plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12275
GRIN:29890
ITIS:24775
LANGUAL:B1272
MANSFELD:9421
http://eol.org/pages/231567
Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb
Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb
Prunus dulcis (P. Mill.) D.A. Webber
prunus amygdalus
prunus communis
prunus dulcis
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the almond fruit (drupe), index both *ALMOND [B2721]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
almond plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:12617
LANGUAL:B1274
MANSFELD:1199
NETTOX:
Cuminum cyminum L.
cuminum cyminum
cumin plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8694
GRIN:10732
ITIS:28885
LANGUAL:B1275
MANSFELD:7625
PLANTS:CILI5
http://eol.org/pages/4414
Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f.
Citrus limon (L.) Burm. fil.
Citrus ×limon (L.) Burm. f. (pro sp.)
citrus limon
citrus medica var. limonum
lemon plant as food source
The word "tomato" may refer to the plant (Solanum lycopersicum) or the edible, typically red, fruit that it bears. Originating in South America, the tomato was spread around the world following the Spanish colonization of the Americas, and its many varieties are now widely grown, often in greenhouses in cooler climates.See also the list of tomato cultivars .
WIKIPEDIA:List_of_tomato_cultivars
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10985
GRIN:101442
ITIS:521671
ITIS:529044
LANGUAL:B1276
MANSFELD:6054
PLANTS:SOLY2
http://eol.org/pages/392557
Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.
Lycopersicon esculentum var. esculentum P. Mill.
Solanum lycopersicum L.
gold apple
love apple
lycopersicon esculentum
lycopersicon lycopersicum
solanum lycopersicum
tomato plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:3412
LANGUAL:B1277
MANSFELD:1571
NETTOX:
Anethum graveolens L.
anethum
dill plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1278
anguillidae
congridae
nettastomatidae
eel as food source
Cola acuminata belongs to the family Sterculiaceae and its fruits are harvested from the forests of the Democratic Republic of Congo. The fruits are rough, mottled and up to 8 inches long and contain large, flat and bright red coloured seeds. The fruit is commonly known as a Kola nut.
WIKIPEDIA:Cola_acuminata
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8778
GRIN:101905
ITIS:506101
LANGUAL:B1279
MANSFELD:5440
PLANTS:COAC4
http://eol.org/pages/486399
Cola acuminata (P. Beauv.) Schott & Endl.
Cola acuminata (P.Beauv.) Schott & Endl.
abata cola
abatacola
cola acuminata
colatree
kola nut
cola plant as food source
A male hog castrated before sexual maturity.[Webster´s]
http://langual.org
ITIS:180722
LANGUAL:B1280
MSW3:14200054
http://eol.org/pages/328663
Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758
barrow as food source
Kale (also called Borecole) is a form of cabbage (*Brassica oleracea* Acephala Group) in which the central leaves do not form a head. It is considered to be closer to wild cabbage than most domesticated forms. The species *Brassica oleracea* contains a wide array of vegetables, including broccoli, cauliflower, and Brussels sprouts. The Cultivar Group Acephala also includes spring greens and collard greens, which are extremely similar genetically. Kale can be classified by leaf type: Curly leaved (Scots kales), Plain leaved, Rape kale, Leaf and spear (a cross between curly leaved and plain leaved kale), Cavolo nero (also known as black cabbage, Tuscan kale, Lacinato and dinosaur kale) (
WIKIPEDIA:Kale)
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8115
GRIN:319629
ITIS:23062
LANGUAL:B1281
MANSFELD:23870
http://eol.org/pages/583899
Brassica oleracea L.
Brassica oleracea L. var. sabellica L.
Brassica oleracea var. sabellica L.
brassica oleracea
cole
kale plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:300034
LANGUAL:B1282
MANSFELD:1212
NETTOX:
Apium graveolens L.
apium graveolens var. dulce
celery plant as food source
Melon is a name given to various members of the plant family Cucurbitaceae with sweet flavored, fleshy fruit e.g. gourds or cucurbits. Melon can be referred as a plant or a fruit. Many different cultivars have been produced, particularly of muskmelons.
WIKIPEDIA:Melon
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1283
http://eol.org/pages/38795
cucumis spp.
melon plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13277
GRIN:35331
ITIS:182142
LANGUAL:B1284
PLANTS:SPDU3
http://eol.org/pages/596822
Spondias dulcis Parkinson
Spondias dulcis Sol. ex Parkinson
golden apple
otaheite ambarella
spondias cytherea
spondias dulcis
wi tree
ambarella plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11617
GRIN:317710
ITIS:40946
LANGUAL:B1285
MANSFELD:34757
PLANTS:PAMI2
http://eol.org/pages/1114498
Panicum miliaceum L.
panicum miliaceum
proso millet
common millet plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1286
palm plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1287
http://eol.org/pages/24151
mugil spp.
gray mullet as food source
The Pili nut (Canarium ovatum), one of 600 species in the family Burseraceae, is native to Malesia. The genus name Canarium comes from the vernacular name "kenari" in the Molucca Isles of Indonesia. Pili (pronounced pee-lee) fruit is a drupe, 4 to 7 cm long, 2.3 to 3.8 cm in diameter, and weighs 15.7 to 45.7 g. The most important product from pili is the kernel. When raw, it resembles the flavor of roasted pumpkin seed, and when roasted, its mild, nutty flavor and tender-crispy texture is superior to that of the almond.
WIKIPEDIA:Canarium_ovatum
http://langual.org
GRIN:8819
ITIS:506413
LANGUAL:B1289
PLANTS:CAOV7
http://eol.org/pages/483518
Canarium ovatum Engl.
Canarium ovatum Engler
canarium ovatum
pili nut
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the pili fruit (drupe, seed) index both *PILI TREE [B1289]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
pili tree as food source
Juglans is a plant genus of the family Juglandaceae, the seeds of which are known as walnuts.
WIKIPEDIA:Juglans
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1290
http://eol.org/pages/38394
juglans spp.
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the walnut fruit (drupe, seed) index both *WALNUT [B1290]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
walnut plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1291
http://eol.org/pages/25222
hake
merluce
merluza
urophycis spp.
codling as food source
The elk or wapiti (*Cervus canadensis*) is one of the largest species of deer in the world, and one of the largest land mammals in North America and eastern Asia. It was long believed to be a subspecies of the European red deer (*Cervus elaphus*), but evidence from a 2004 study of the mitochondrial DNA indicates that the two are distinct species.
This animal should not be confused with the larger moose (*Alces alces*), to which the name "elk" applies in Eurasia. Apart from the moose, the only other member of the deer family to rival the elk in size is the south Asian sambar *(Rusa unicolor*).
WIKIPEDIA:Wapiti
http://langual.org
ITIS:180695
LANGUAL:B1292
MSW3:14200358
http://eol.org/pages/328649
Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758
Cervus elaphus canadensis Erxleben, 1777
cervus canadensis
cervus elaphus canadensis
wapiti
elk as food source
WIKIPEDIA:Esox
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1293
http://eol.org/pages/25461
esox spp.
pike as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:2369
LANGUAL:B1294
MANSFELD:85
NETTOX:
Allium schoenoprasum L.
allium schoenoprasum
chive plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1295
Serpentes Linnaeus, 1758
ophidia
serpentes
snake as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:28395
LANGUAL:B1296
MANSFELD:1373
NETTOX:
Pimpinella anisum L.
anise, common
aniseed
pimpinella anisum
anise plant as food source
Multicellular animal, e.g., fish, meat animal or poultry.
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1297
LanguaL curation note: For a unicellular animal, use *ALGAE OR FUNGUS USED AS FOOD SOURCE*.
animal used as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1298
http://eol.org/pages/30000
cydonia spp.
quince plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:25555
LANGUAL:B1299
MANSFELD:11672
NETTOX:
Olea europaea L.
manzanilla olive
olea europaea
olive plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7304
GRIN:300022
LANGUAL:B1300
PLANTS:ALLIU
http://eol.org/pages/4174
Allium
Allium L.
Allium sp.
allium spp.
bulb onion
cebolla
garden onion
onion plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9805
GRIN:16801
ITIS:19093
LANGUAL:B1302
MANSFELD:12757
PLANTS:FICA
http://eol.org/pages/594632
Ficus carica L.
common fig
edible fig
ficus carica
fig plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:32950
LANGUAL:B1303
MANSFELD:16755
NETTOX:
Salvia officinalis L.
salvia
sage plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1304
http://eol.org/pages/7978
columbidae
squab
pigeon as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:300141
LANGUAL:B1305
MANSFELD:2900
NETTOX:
Coffea arabica L.
coffea arabica
coffee plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1306
http://eol.org/pages/29913
prunus spp.
cherry plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:35334
ITIS:28816
LANGUAL:B1307
MANSFELD:28347
PLANTS:SPMO
http://eol.org/pages/582279
Spondias mombin L.
ashanti plum
jamaica-plum
joboInOwl
spondias lutea
spondias mombin
yellow mombin
hog plum plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:2351
ITIS:532057
LANGUAL:B1308
MANSFELD:200
Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum
Allium porrum L.
allium porrum
garden leek
leek plant as food source
The beet (*Beta vulgaris*) is a plant in the Chenopodiaceae family which is now included in *Amaranthaceae* family. It is best known in its numerous cultivated varieties, the most well known of which is the root vegetable known as the beetroot or garden beet. However, other cultivated varieties include the leaf vegetables chard and spinach beet, as well as the root vegetables sugar beet, which is important in the production of table sugar, and mangelwurzel, which is a fodder crop. Three subspecies are typically recognised. All cultivated varieties fall into the subspecies *Beta vulgaris* subsp. *vulgaris*, while *Beta vulgaris* subsp. *maritima*, commonly known as the sea beet, is the wild ancestor of these, and is found throughout the Mediterranean, the Atlantic coast of Europe, the Near East, and India. A second wild subspecies, *Beta vulgaris* subsp. *adanensis*, occurs from Greece to Syria.
WIKIPEDIA:Beta_vulgaris
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8005
GRIN:300073
ITIS:20681
LANGUAL:B1309
PLANTS:BEVU2
http://eol.org/pages/585884
Beta vulgaris L.
beetroot
beta vulgaris
beet plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:OSY
ITIS:162049
LANGUAL:B1310
http://eol.org/pages/205330
Spirinchus thaleichthys
Spirinchus thaleichthys (Ayres 1860)
Spirinchus thaleichthys (Ayres, 1860)
osmerus thaleichthys
spirinchus thaleichthys
longfin smelt as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1311
http://eol.org/pages/59534
ziziphus spp.
jujube plant as food source
Wheat (Triticum spp.) is a domesticated grass from the Levant that is cultivated worldwide. Major cultivated species of wheat:
* Common wheat or Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) A hexaploid species that is the most widely cultivated in the world.
* Durum (Triticum durum) The only tetraploid form of wheat widely used today, and the second most widely cultivated wheat.
* Einkorn (Triticum monococcum) A diploid species with wild and cultivated variants. Domesticated at the same time as emmer wheat, but never reached the same importance.
* Emmer (Triticum dicoccon) A tetraploid species, cultivated in ancient times but no longer in widespread use.
* Spelt (Triticum spelta) Another hexaploid species cultivated in limited quantities.
WIKIPEDIA:Wheat
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1312
triticum spp.
wheat plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12952
GRIN:317600
ITIS:42090
LANGUAL:B1313
PLANTS:SECE
http://eol.org/pages/1115159
Secale cereale L.
secale cereale
rye plant as food source
Endive, *Cichorium endivia*, is a leaf vegetable belonging to the daisy family. Endive can be cooked or used raw in salads.
WIKIPEDIA:Endive
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8651
GRIN:10542
ITIS:501522
LANGUAL:B1314
MANSFELD:31969
PLANTS:CIEN
http://eol.org/pages/488332
Cichorium endivia L.
cichorium endivia
endive plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:30857
LANGUAL:B1315
MANSFELD:24313
NETTOX:
Raphanus sativus L. var. acanthiformis Makino
raphanus sativus
radish plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1316
http://eol.org/pages/8027
anatidae
duck as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1317
http://eol.org/pages/2278
cardiidae
cockle as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:400137
LANGUAL:B1318
MANSFELD:5328
NETTOX:
Theobroma cacao L.
theobroma cacao
cacao plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1319
http://eol.org/pages/3196
Catostomus Lesueur, 1817
catostomus spp.
sucker as food source
The pecan, Carya illinoinensis, is a species of hickory, native to south-central North America, in Mexico from Coahuila south to Jalisco and Veracruz, in the United States from southern Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, and Indiana east to western Kentucky, southwestern Ohio, North Carolina, South Carolina, and western Tennessee, south through Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Florida, and west into New Mexico.
"Pecan" is from an Algonquian word, meaning a nut requiring a stone to crack. In Mexico, pecans and walnuts share the same Spanish name, nuez, which is a cognate of the English word nut.
WIKIPEDIA:Pecan
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8402
GRIN:9253
ITIS:19234
LANGUAL:B1320
MANSFELD:11946
PLANTS:CAIL2
http://eol.org/pages/594985
Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch
Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K.Koch
carya illinoinensis
carya pecan
pecan nut
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the pecan fruit (drupaceous nut) index both *PECAN [B1320]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precidese narrower terms).
pecan plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11528
GRIN:26077
ITIS:41976
LANGUAL:B1322
MANSFELD:20986
PLANTS:ORSA
http://eol.org/pages/1115098
Oryza sativa L.
asian rice
lowland rice
oryza sativa
upland rice
rice plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1323
http://eol.org/pages/1689
leporidae
oryctolagus spp.
sylvilagus spp.
rabbit as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1324
grain plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1325
http://eol.org/pages/42276
castor spp.
beaver as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1326
early june pea
pea, smooth skin cultivars
alaska pea plant as food source
*Acacia* is a genus of shrubs and trees belonging to the subfamily *Mimosoideae* of the family *Fabaceae*. Acacias are also known as thorntrees, whistling thorns or wattles.
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1327
acacia spp.
wattle
acacia (genus) plant as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:180715
LANGUAL:B1328
MSW3:14200776
http://eol.org/pages/328660
Capra hircus Linnaeus, 1758
capra hircus
goat as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13866
LANGUAL:B1329
http://eol.org/pages/38383
Vitis
vitis spp.
grape plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1331
clam as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:257
FAO ASFIS:ACH
ITIS:162001
LANGUAL:B1332
http://eol.org/pages/1156463
Salvelinus alpinus
Salvelinus alpinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
char, alpine
salvelinus alpinus
arctic char as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12335
GRIN:30205
ITIS:27240
LANGUAL:B1333
MANSFELD:12287
PLANTS:PSGU
http://eol.org/pages/2508593
Psidium guajava L.
abas
apple guava
common guava
guabang
guayaba
kautonga
kuahpa
pisidium guajava
psidium spp.
yellow guava
guava plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1334
cluster bean
cyamopsis tetragonoloba
cyamposis psoralioides
guar plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1335
http://eol.org/pages/2604866
brachyura
short-tailed crabs
true crabs
crab as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1336
crambe abyssinica
crambe plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7636
GRIN:3785
ITIS:26463
LANGUAL:B1337
MANSFELD:29861
PLANTS:ARHY
http://eol.org/pages/641309
Arachis hypogaea L.
arachis hypogaea
earthnut
groundnut
peanut plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:300472
LANGUAL:B1338
MANSFELD:30744
NETTOX:
Pisum sativum L.
english pea
garden pea
green pea
lathyrus l.
pisum l.
pea plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8703
GRIN:10782
ITIS:28889
LANGUAL:B1339
MANSFELD:7673
PLANTS:CISI3
http://eol.org/pages/4414
Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck
Citrus ×sinensis (L.) Osbeck (pro sp.)
batavian orange
citrus sinensis
mozambique orange
sweet orange
tight-skinned orange
west african sweet orange
orange plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1340
http://eol.org/pages/24884
raja spp.
ray
skate as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1341
http://eol.org/pages/7666
phocidae
true seal
seal family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1342
LanguaL curation note: Use only, when no other information is available.
shark as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1343
whale as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12395
GRIN:30474
ITIS:25295
LANGUAL:B1344
MANSFELD:8689
PLANTS:PYCO
http://eol.org/pages/414311
Pyrus communis L.
pyrus communis
pear plant as food source
Quail is a collective name for several genera of mid-sized birds generally considered in the order *Galliformes*. Old World quail are found in the family *Phasianidae*, and New World quail are found in the family *Odontophoridae*.
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1346
http://eol.org/pages/7590
galliformes
odontophoridae
phasianidae
quail as food source
Multicellular plants.
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1347
LanguaL curation note: For unicellular plants as well as for algae, mushrooms and yeast, use the appropriate narrower term under *ALGAE OR FUNGUS USED AS FOOD SOURCE*.
plant used as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1348
http://eol.org/pages/6893
Alosa Linck, 1790
alosa spp.
shad
river herring as food source
Calves are the young of domestic cattle. Calves are reared to become adult cattle, or are slaughtered for their meat, called veal.
WIKIPEDIA:Calf
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1349
veal
calf as food source
The peach tree (Prunus persica) is a species of Prunus native to China that bears an edible juicy fruit called a peach.
WIKIPEDIA:Peach
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12289
GRIN:30065
ITIS:24765
LANGUAL:B1350
MANSFELD:9402
PLANTS:PRPE3
PLANTS:PRPEP2
http://eol.org/pages/631649
Prunus persica (L.) Batsch
Prunus persica (L.) Batsch var. persica
prunus persica
peach plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1351
wax bean plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:431678
LANGUAL:B1352
MANSFELD:2228
NETTOX:
Manihot esculenta Crantz
manihot esculenta
yuca
cassava plant as food source
Wide, semi-hot variety used in Hungarian cuisine. Frequently pickled. Also commonly dried, ground and presented as "Paprika".
WIKIPEDIA:List_of_capsicum_cultivars
http://langual.org
GRIN:311784
LANGUAL:B1353
Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum
capsicum annuum var. longum
hungarian paprika
hungarian pepper
paprika
paprika, hungarian
hungarian wax pepper plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1354
http://eol.org/pages/5381
Ammodytes Linnaeus, 1758
ammodytes spp.
sandeel
sand lance as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:41111
LANGUAL:B1355
MANSFELD:11314
NETTOX:
Vanilla planifolia Andr.
french vanilla
vanilla fragrans
vanilla plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:28390
LANGUAL:B1356
MANSFELD:12263
NETTOX:
Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr.
jamaica pepper
pimenta
pimenta officinalis
allspice plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13948
GRIN:300683
ITIS:500788
ITIS:506625
LANGUAL:B1358
PLANTS:TRRI8
http://eol.org/pages/8223
X Triticosecale
X Triticosecale Wittm.
X Triticosecale rimpaui Wittm.
X Triticosecale sp.
×Triticosecale rimpaui Wittm.
rye-wheat hybrid
x triticosecale
triticale plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1359
lucerne
medicago sativa
alfalfa plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11046
GRIN:23206
ITIS:565291
LANGUAL:B1360
MANSFELD:14412
PLANTS:MAGL6
http://eol.org/pages/398658
Malpighia glabra L.
barbados cherry
malpighia glabra
malpighia marginata
west indian cherry
acerola plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1361
corn and lima beans
lima bean and corn
lima bean and sweet corn
lima beans and corn
vegetable corn and lima bean
succotash plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:592
FAO ASFIS:AKR
ITIS:168097
LANGUAL:B1362
http://eol.org/pages/205064
Ambloplites rupestris
Ambloplites rupestris (Rafinesque, 1817)
ambloplites rupestris
rock bass as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1364
MANSFELD:9537
http://eol.org/pages/61521
rheum spp.
rhubarb plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1365
osteichthyes
fish, bony as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1366
ceratonia siliqua
locust bean
carob bean plant as food source
GRIN Nomen 300661 Vicia faba L. (broad bean, bell-bean, fava-bean, faba-bean); however ITIS Id. 26339 Vicia faba L. (horsebean).
Vicia faba, the Broad Bean, Fava Bean, Field Bean, Bell Bean or Tic Bean, is a species of bean (Fabaceae) native to north Africa and southwest Asia, and extensively cultivated elsewhere. A variety is provisionally recognized: Vicia faba var. equina Pers. - Horse Bean. Although usually classified in the same genus Vicia as the vetches, some botanists treat it in a separate monotypic genus Faba. The term fava bean (from the Italian fava, meaning "broad bean") is usually used in English speaking countries such as the US, however the term broad bean is the most common name in the UK.
WIKIPEDIA:Vicia_faba
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13823
GRIN:300661
ITIS:26339
LANGUAL:B1367
MANSFELD:30416
PLANTS:VIFA
http://eol.org/pages/703202
Vicia faba L.
Vicia faba L. (varieties for human consumption)
faba bean
fava bean
horse bean
vicia faba
broad bean plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1368
pinto bean plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8108
GRIN:7676
ITIS:530960
LANGUAL:B1369
MANSFELD:23859
PLANTS:BROLG2
http://eol.org/pages/4219
Brassica oleracea L. var. gongylodes L.
Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes L.
brassica oleracea var. gongylodes
kohlrabi plant as food source
Sugar beet, a cultivated plant of *Beta vulgaris*, is a plant whose tuber contains a high concentration of sucrose. It is grown commercially for sugar production. Sugar beets and other *B. vulgaris* cultivars such as beetroot and chard share a common wild ancestor, the sea beet (*Beta vulgaris maritima*).
WIKIPEDIA:Sugarbeet
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8006
GRIN:7057
ITIS:20681
LANGUAL:B1370
MANSFELD:362
http://eol.org/pages/585884
Beta vulgaris L.
Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris
Beta vulgaris L. var. altissima Döll
beta vulgaris var. altissima
sugar beet plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1371
snap bean
string bean
stringless bean
green bean plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1372
phaseolus lunatus
sieva bean plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1374
http://eol.org/pages/2598871
crustacea
crustacean as food source
Wild rice (also called Canada rice, Indian rice, and water oats) is four species of grasses forming the genus Zizania, and the grain which can be harvested from them. The grain was historically gathered and eaten in both North America and China. While it is now something of a delicacy in North America, the grain is eaten less in China,[1]:165 where the plant's stem is used as a vegetable.
WIKIPEDIA:Wild_rice
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13988
GRIN:403525
LANGUAL:B1375
MANSFELD:21064
NETTOX:
http://eol.org/pages/8223
Zizania
Zizania L.
Zizania aquatica L.
rice, wild
water oats
zizania spp.
wild rice plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:961
FAO ASFIS:SKJ
FDA RFE 2010:25
ITIS:172401
LANGUAL:B1376
http://eol.org/pages/205769
Katsuwonus pelamis
Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758)
euthynnus pelamis
katsuwonus pelamis
thynnus pelamis
skipjack tuna as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:3415
LANGUAL:B1377
MANSFELD:1655
NETTOX:
Angelica archangelica L.
angelica archangelica
angelica plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:32617
LANGUAL:B1378
MANSFELD:35616
NETTOX:
Saccharum officinarum L.
saccharum officinarum
sugar cane plant as food source
Field corn is maize of varieties that (in contrast with sweet corn and popcorn) are not, in the United States, grown primarily for consumption as human food in the form of fresh kernels. More than 98% of corn-growing land in the U.S. is in use for field-corn production. Principal field corn varieties are Dent corn, Flint corn, Flour corn (including blue corn (Zea mays amylacea), and Waxy corn.
WIKIPEDIA:Field_corn
http://langual.org
GRIN:311987
LANGUAL:B1379
PLANTS:ZEMAM2
http://eol.org/pages/8223
Zea mays L. ssp. mays
Zea mays L. subsp. mays
Zea mays ssp. mays L.
corn, field
dent corn
flint corn
maize
podcorn
zea mays var. indentata (not acc.)
zea mays var. indurata (not acc.)
Field corn is a general term used in North America for corn varieties other than sweet corn, popcorn, yellow food grade corn used for yellow corn meal or flour and corn starch, and white food-grade corn used for white meal or flour and corn starch. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_corn
LanguaL curation note: Searching note--use 'field corn' for any breakfast cereal or snack food having 'corn' as the first ingredient.
field corn plant as food source
Sweet corn (Zea mays convar. saccharata var. rugosa; also called Indian corn, sugar corn, and pole corn) is a variety of maize with a high sugar content. Sweet corn is the result of a naturally occurring recessive mutation in the genes which control conversion of sugar to starch inside the endosperm of the corn kernel. Unlike field corn varieties, which are harvested when the kernels are dry and mature (dent stage), sweet corn is picked when immature (milk stage) and prepared and eaten as a vegetable, rather than a grain. Since the process of maturation involves converting sugar to starch, sweet corn stores poorly and must be eaten fresh, canned, or frozen, before the kernels become tough and starchy.
WIKIPEDIA:Sweet_corn
http://langual.org
ITIS:42269
LANGUAL:B1380
http://eol.org/pages/1115259
Zea mays L.
corn, sweet
corn, vegetable
golden corn
sugar corn
sweet corn
zea mays var. rugosa
vegetable corn plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:11523
LANGUAL:B1381
MANSFELD:1118
NETTOX:
Coriandrum sativum L.
chinese parsley
cilantro
coriandrum sativum
coriander plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1382
http://eol.org/pages/2822977
odontophorinae
perdicinae
perdrix
partridge as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1383
http://eol.org/pages/5188
xiphiidae
swordfish family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1080
FAO ASFIS:CLI
FDA RFE 2010:45
ITIS:167116
LANGUAL:B1384
http://eol.org/pages/206859
Ophiodon elongatus
Ophiodon elongatus Girard 1854
Ophiodon elongatus Girard, 1854
ophiodon elongatus
lingcod as food source
Collard greens are various loose-leafed cultivars of *Brassica oleracea* (Acephala Group), the same species as cabbage and broccoli. The plant is grown for its large, dark-colored, edible leaves and as a garden ornamental, mainly in Brazil, Portugal, the southern United States, many parts of Africa, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, southern Croatia, Spain and in Pakistan, as well as in Kashmir region of both India and Pakistan. They are classified in the same cultivar group as kale and spring greens, to which they are closely similar genetically. The name "collard" is a shortened form of the word "colewort" (cabbage plant).
WIKIPEDIA:Borekale
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:7679
LANGUAL:B1385
http://eol.org/pages/4219
Brassica oleracea L. var. viridis L.
borekale
brassica oleracea var. viridis
cow cabbage
fodder kale
portuguese kale
collard plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1386
gaultheria procumbens
wintergreen spice
wintergreen plant as food source
A trailing, prickly hybrid between a blackberry and a dewberry (Rubus ursinus cv. Young) of the rose family, cultivated in the western United States.
http://langual.org
GRIN:104971
LANGUAL:B1388
http://eol.org/pages/8097
Rubus Hybr.
rubus hybr.
rubus ursinus cv. young
youngberry plant
Squirrels belong to a large family of small or medium-sized rodents called the Sciuridae. The family includes tree squirrels, ground squirrels, chipmunks, marmots (including woodchucks), flying squirrels, and prairie dogs. Squirrels are indigenous to the Americas, Eurasia, and Africa and have been introduced to Australia.
WIKIPEDIA:Squirrel
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1389
http://eol.org/pages/8703
sciuridae
squirrel as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10656
GRIN:21360
ITIS:36607
LANGUAL:B1390
PLANTS:LASA3
http://eol.org/pages/468144
Lactuca sativa L.
lactuca sativa
lettuce plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1392
http://eol.org/pages/24571
sardinella spp.
sardinella as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1393
http://eol.org/pages/29917
fragaria spp.
strawberry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12580
GRIN:31874
ITIS:504800
LANGUAL:B1394
MANSFELD:17095
PLANTS:RIUV80
PLANTS:RIUVS
http://eol.org/pages/489744
Ribes uva-crispa L.
Ribes uva-crispa L. var. sativum DC.
ribes uva-crispa
gooseberry plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:312026
LANGUAL:B1395
MANSFELD:27370
NETTOX:
Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek
golden gram bean
green gram bean
phaseolus aureus
mung bean plant as food source
Menhaden, also known as mossbunker, bunker and pogy, are forage fish of the genera Brevoortia and Ethmidium, two genera of marine fish in the family Clupeidae.
WIKIPEDIA:Menhaden
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1396
http://eol.org/pages/24695
Ethmidium Thompson, 1916
brevoortia spp.
ethmidium spp.
menhaden as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:300449
LANGUAL:B1397
MANSFELD:27587
NETTOX:
Phaseolus lunatus L. var. lunatus
phaseolus limensis
lima bean plant as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:613
FAO ASFIS:STV
ITIS:650173
LANGUAL:B1398
http://eol.org/pages/211303
Sander vitreus (Mitchill, 1818)
Stizostedion vitreum vitreum (Mitchill, 1818)
sander vitreus
stizostedion vitreum
stizostedion vitreum vitreum
yellow pike
walleye pike as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:612
FAO ASFIS:FPP
ITIS:650172
LANGUAL:B1399
http://eol.org/pages/222787
Sander lucioperca
Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758)
Stizostedion lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758)
sander lucioperca
stizostedion lucioperca
pike perch as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1400
http://eol.org/pages/39080
phytolacca spp.
pokeberry
pokeweed plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12671
GRIN:104968
ITIS:506229
LANGUAL:B1401
PLANTS:RULO11
http://eol.org/pages/8097
Rubus loganobaccus L. H. Bailey
Rubus loganobaccus L.H. Bailey
Rubus loganobaccus L.H.Bailey
rubus loganobaccus
rubus ursinus var. loganobaccus cv. logan
loganberry plant
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:158
FAO ASFIS:ALE
ITIS:161706
LANGUAL:B1402
http://eol.org/pages/205466
Alosa pseudoharengus
Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson, 1811)
alosa pseudoharengus
pomolobus pseudoharengus
river herring
alewife as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12780
GRIN:32994
ITIS:35324
LANGUAL:B1403
MANSFELD:23325
PLANTS:SANI4
http://eol.org/pages/488731
Sambucus nigra L.
black elderberry
elderberry
sambucus spp.
european elder plant as food source
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is a widely cultivated plant in the gourd family, Cucurbitaceae. It is a creeping vine that bears cucumiform fruits that are used as vegetables. There are three main varieties of cucumber: slicing, pickling, and seedless.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucumber
http://langual.org
GRIN:12580
LANGUAL:B1404
MANSFELD:3698
NETTOX:
Cucumis sativus L. ssp. sativus
cucumis sativus
cucumber plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9759
GRIN:16528
ITIS:502589
LANGUAL:B1405
MANSFELD:9680
PLANTS:FAES2
http://eol.org/pages/487699
Fagopyrum esculentum Moench
fagopyrum esculentum
fagopyrum sagittatum
buckwheat plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8101
GRIN:7668
ITIS:23062
ITIS:526963
LANGUAL:B1406
PLANTS:BROL
http://eol.org/pages/583899
Brassica oleracea L.
Brassica oleracea var. oleracea L.
brassica oleracea varieties
cabbage plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:419819
ITIS:504851
LANGUAL:B1407
MANSFELD:8156
PLANTS:RUFR80
http://eol.org/pages/8097
Rubus fruticosus L.
Rubus fruticosus aggregate
rubus fruticosus
european blackberry plant
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1408
http://eol.org/pages/32566
abalones nei
haliotis spp.
abalone as food source
The species of this genus are known as crappies and are extremely popular game fish. The genus has two species the white and black crappie. Crappie of both species are sometimes referred to as papermouths, calico bass, and strawberry bass. Both species of crappie feed on minnows as adults. Both species spawn in the early spring when the water temperature nears 64 to 68 degrees. Crappie create a nest in fine silt or gravel, and the nests are often congregated in very high densities in shallow waters. (
WIKIPEDIA:White_crappie)
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1409
http://eol.org/pages/27527
pomoxis spp.
crappie as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1024
FAO ASFIS:BUT
ITIS:172567
LANGUAL:B1410
http://eol.org/pages/215092
Peprilus triacanthus
Peprilus triacanthus (Peck, 1804)
Peprilus triacanthus (Peek, 1804)
peprilus triacanthus
butterfish as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:411
FAO ASFIS:NFA
ITIS:165551
LANGUAL:B1411
http://eol.org/pages/204101
Strongylura marina (Walbaum, 1792)
atlantic needlefish
strongylura marina
needlefish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:PAM
ITIS:161088
LANGUAL:B1412
http://eol.org/pages/208600
Polyodon spathula
Polyodon spathula (Walbaum, 1792)
polyodon spathula
paddlefish as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:7663
LANGUAL:B1413
MANSFELD:24068
NETTOX:
Brassica napus L. emend. Metzg var. napobrassica
brassica napobrassica var. solidflora
brassica napus var. napobrassica
swede
swedish turnip
rutabaga plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1414
http://eol.org/pages/6893
Clupea Linnaeus, 1758
clupea spp.
herring as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:300050
LANGUAL:B1415
MANSFELD:25827
NETTOX:
Asparagus officinalis L.
asparagus officinalis
asparagus plant as food source
The pistachio, Pistacia vera in the Anacardiaceae family, is a small tree originally from Persia (Iran), which now can also be found in to regions of Syria, Lebanon, Turkey, Greece, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, India, Pakistan, Egypt, Sicily and possibly Afghanistan (especially in the provinces of Samangan and Badghis). The fruit is a drupe, containing an elongated seed, which is the edible portion. The seed, commonly thought of as a nut, is a culinary nut, not a botanical nut.
WIKIPEDIA:Pistachio
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12006
GRIN:28655
ITIS:506470
LANGUAL:B1416
MANSFELD:28393
PLANTS:PIVE3
http://eol.org/pages/483483
Pistacia vera L.
pistacia vera
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the pistachio fruit (drupe, seed) index both *PISTACHIO [B1416]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
pistachio plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SXY
ITIS:165555
LANGUAL:B1417
http://eol.org/pages/211686
Strongylura exilis
Strongylura exilis (Girard 1854)
Strongylura exilis (Girard, 1854)
needlefish, california
strongylura exilis
california needlefish as food source
Hard wheat (red or white) are varieties of common wheat with high protein (gluten) content used for bread.
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1418
bread wheat
triticum aestivum
hard wheat plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1419
http://eol.org/pages/25735
lepomis spp.
sunfish as food source
Soft wheat (red or white) are lower protein (gluten), higher starch varieties used for cakes, pie crusts, biscuits and muffins.
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1421
triticum aestivum
soft wheat plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:755
FAO ASFIS:SPH
FDA RFE 2010:3
ITIS:169189
LANGUAL:B1422
http://eol.org/pages/213714
Archosargus probatocephalus
Archosargus probatocephalus (Walbaum 1792)
Archosargus probatocephalus (Walbaum, 1792)
archosargus probatocephalus
sheepshead as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1423
http://eol.org/pages/13122
gadus spp.
cod as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:12676
LANGUAL:B1425
MANSFELD:3244
NETTOX:
Curcuma longa L.
curcuma domestica
curcuma longa
tumeric
turmeric plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1426
http://eol.org/pages/5210
scombridae
mackerel family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SWO
FDA RFE 2010:93
ITIS:172482
LANGUAL:B1427
http://eol.org/pages/206878
Xiphias gladius
Xiphias gladius Linnaeus, 1758
xiphias gladius
swordfish as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13450
GRIN:80051
ITIS:36213
ITIS:524742
ITIS:524743
LANGUAL:B1428
MANSFELD:32135
PLANTS:TAOF
PLANTS:TAOFC
PLANTS:TAOFO
http://eol.org/pages/1278264
Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg.
Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg. ssp. ceratophorum (Ledeb.) Schinz ex Thell.
Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg. ssp. officinale
Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers
Taraxacum officinale Weber ex F.H.Wigg., s.l.
Taraxacum officinale aggregate
Taraxacum officinale ssp. officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers
Taraxacum officinale ssp. vulgare (Lam.) Schinz & R. Keller
taraxacum
dandelion plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8702
GRIN:10778
ITIS:28888
LANGUAL:B1429
MANSFELD:7687
PLANTS:CIRE3
http://eol.org/pages/582204
Citrus reticulata Blanco
citrus deliciosa
citrus nobilus
citrus reticulata
citrus unshia
fremont
loose-skinned orange
tangerine
mandarin orange plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1430
http://eol.org/pages/23896
argentina spp.
silver smelts
argentine as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1431
http://eol.org/pages/26338
hexagrammos spp.
greenling as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:577
FAO ASFIS:WRF
ITIS:167914
LANGUAL:B1432
http://eol.org/pages/205261
Polyprion americanus
Polyprion americanus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Polyprion americanus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
polyprion americanus
wreckfish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1433
shellfish as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:24082
LANGUAL:B1434
MANSFELD:16164
NETTOX:
Mentha spicata L. emend L.
mentha spicata
mentha viridis
spearmint plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1435
http://eol.org/pages/29970
amelanchier spp.
serviceberry
shadbush
sugarplum
juneberry plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12290
LANGUAL:B1436
MANSFELD:9406
PLANTS:PRPEN
http://eol.org/pages/8097
Persica vulgaris var. nectarina (Aiton) Holub
Prunus persica (L.) Batsch var. nucipersica (Suckow) C.K. Schneid.
Prunus persica (L.) Batsch var. nucipersica (Suckow) C.K.Schneid.
prunus persica var. nucipersica
nectarine plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1082
FAO ASFIS:SAB
ITIS:167123
LANGUAL:B1437
http://eol.org/pages/206154
Anoplopoma fimbria
Anoplopoma fimbria (Pallas, 1811)
Anoplopoma fimbria (Pallas, 1814)
anoplopoma fimbria
sablefish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:563
FAO ASFIS:BSB
ITIS:167687
LANGUAL:B1438
http://eol.org/pages/205158
Centropristis striata
Centropristis striata (Linnaeus, 1758)
blackfish
centropristis striata
sea bass, black
black sea bass as food source
Plantain is the common name for herbaceous plants of the genus Musa. The fruit they produce is generally used for cooking, in contrast to the soft, sweet banana (which is sometimes referred to as the dessert banana). There is a formal botanical distinction between bananas and plantains based on its structure and genus/species.
WIKIPEDIA:Plantain
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11278
GRIN:70453
ITIS:42391
LANGUAL:B1439
PLANTS:MUPA3
http://eol.org/pages/1116069
Musa X paradisiaca L. (pro sp.)
Musa x paradisiaca L.
Musa ×paradisiaca L. (pro sp.)
cooking banana
french plantain
musa paradisiaca
musa sapientum
plantain (musa) plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:461
FAO ASFIS:POK
FDA RFE 2010:53
ITIS:164727
LANGUAL:B1440
http://eol.org/pages/994633
Pollachius virens
Pollachius virens (Linnaeus, 1758)
black cod
black pollack
coalfish
gadus pollachius
gadus virens
lythe
pollachius virens
pollack
pollock
saithe
sea salmon
sillock
saithe as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:447
FAO ASFIS:HAD
FDA RFE 2010:37
ITIS:164744
LANGUAL:B1441
http://eol.org/pages/212899
Melanogrammus aeglefinus
Melanogrammus aeglefinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
gadus aeglifinus
melanogrammus aeglefinus
haddock as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:469
FAO ASFIS:HKR
ITIS:164730
LANGUAL:B1442
http://eol.org/pages/210307
Urophycis chuss
Urophycis chuss (Walbaum, 1792)
urophycis chuss
red hake as food source
Broccoli is a plant in the cabbage family, whose large flower head is used as a vegetable. The word broccoli, from the Italian plural of broccolo, refers to "the flowering top of a cabbage". Broccoli is usually boiled or steamed, but may be eaten raw and has become popular as a raw vegetable in hors d'oeuvre trays.
Broccoli is classified in the *Italica* cultivar group of the species *Brassica oleracea*. Broccoli has large flower heads, usually green in color, arranged in a tree-like fashion on branches sprouting from a thick, edible stalk. The mass of flower heads is surrounded by leaves. Broccoli most closely resembles cauliflower, which is a different cultivar group of the same species.
WIKIPEDIA:Broccoli
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8104
GRIN:105447
ITIS:530957
LANGUAL:B1443
MANSFELD:37506
PLANTS:BROLB
http://eol.org/pages/4219
Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L.
Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck
Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.
brassica oleracea l. convar. botrytis var. italica
brassica oleracea var. botrytis
brassica oleracea var. italica
broccoli plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:3595
LANGUAL:B1444
MANSFELD:1048
NETTOX:
Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm.
anthriscus cerefolium
chervil plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1446
cichorium endivia
escarole plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1447
http://eol.org/pages/40060
diospyros spp.
persimmon plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13225
GRIN:35092
ITIS:42108
LANGUAL:B1448
MANSFELD:35798
PLANTS:SOBI2
http://eol.org/pages/1115166
Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench
gooseneck sorgho
kaffir
kafir
milo
sorghum bicolor
sorghum plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:24078
LANGUAL:B1449
MANSFELD:16122
NETTOX:
Mentha x piperita L.
mentha piperita
mentha x piperita
peppermint plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1450
http://eol.org/pages/7622
didelphidae
opossum as food source
Macadamia is a genus of nine species of flowering plants in the family *Proteaceae*, with a disjunct distribution native to eastern Australia (seven species), New Caledonia (one species *M. neurophylla*) and Sulawesi in Indonesia (one species, *M. hildebrandii*). The fruit is a very hard woody globose follicle with a pointed apex, containing one or two seeds.
WIKIPEDIA:Macadamia
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1451
http://eol.org/pages/61654
macadamia nut
macadamia spp.
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the macadamia fruit (seed) index both *COCONUT PALM [B1130]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
macadamia plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10065
GRIN:17711
ITIS:26716
LANGUAL:B1452
MANSFELD:27017
PLANTS:GLMA4
http://eol.org/pages/641527
Glycine max (L.) Merr.
glycine max
soybean plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:20732
ITIS:19250
LANGUAL:B1453
PLANTS:JUCI
http://eol.org/pages/596229
Juglans cinerea L.
juglans cinerea
noix juglans cinerea
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the butternut fruit (drupe, seed) index both *BUTTERNUT [B1453]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
butternut plant as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:42269
LANGUAL:B1454
http://eol.org/pages/1115259
Zea mays L.
popping corn
zea mays var. praecox
popcorn plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1455
http://eol.org/pages/57691
garden snails
helix spp.
snails, garden
snails, land
land snail as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9052
GRIN:12606
ITIS:22373
LANGUAL:B1456
PLANTS:CUPE
http://eol.org/pages/584410
Cucurbita pepo L.
cucurbita pepo
field pumpkin
pumpkin plant as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:176086
LANGUAL:B1457
http://eol.org/pages/1049263
Gallus gallus (Linnaeus, 1758)
gallus domesticus
gallus gallus domesticus
chicken as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:101312
LANGUAL:B1458
MANSFELD:5937
NETTOX:
Solanum melongena L.
aubergine
solanum melongena
eggplant plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:12265
LANGUAL:B1459
MANSFELD:14971
NETTOX:
Crocus sativus L.
crocus sativus
saffron plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1460
http://eol.org/pages/7591
Phasianus Linnaeus, 1758
phasianus spp.
pheasant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1461
http://eol.org/pages/18666
procyon spp.
raccoon as food source
The zucchini or courgette is a summer squash which can reach nearly a meter in length, but which is usually harvested at half that size or less. Along with certain other squashes, it belongs to the species Cucurbita pepo. Zucchini can be dark or light green. A related hybrid, the golden zucchini, is a deep yellow or orange color.
WIKIPEDIA:Zucchini
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9052
GRIN:12606
ITIS:22373
LANGUAL:B1462
PLANTS:CUPE
http://eol.org/pages/584410
Cucurbita pepo L.
courgette
cucurbita pepo
cucurbita pepo var. melopepo cv. zucchini
zucchini plant as food source
The Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) is a South American tree in the family Lecythidaceae, and also the name of the tree's commercially harvested edible seed. While cooks classify the Brazil nut as a nut, botanists consider it to be a seed and not a nut, because in nuts the shell splits in half with the meat separate from the shell.
WIKIPEDIA:Bertholletia_excelsa
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8003
GRIN:7022
ITIS:21989
LANGUAL:B1463
MANSFELD:14900
PLANTS:BEEX2
http://eol.org/pages/321258
Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.
Bertholletia excelsa Humb. & Bonpl.
bertholletia excelsa
brazilnut
cream nut
para nut
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the fruit of the brazil nut (seed) index both *BRAZIL NUT [B1463]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
brazil nut plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:19801
LANGUAL:B1464
MANSFELD:15224
NETTOX:
Illicium verum J.D. Hook
illicium verum
star anise plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1465
acipenser spp.
scaphirhynchus spp.
sturgeon as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9112
GRIN:12839
LANGUAL:B1466
MANSFELD:31795
PLANTS:CYCA
PLANTS:CYSC2
http://eol.org/pages/4206
Cynara cardunculus L.
Cynara scolymus L.
cynara cardunculus
cynara scolymus
artichoke plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:70440
ITIS:28691
LANGUAL:B1468
PLANTS:MEBI
http://eol.org/pages/582291
Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq.
genip (melicoccus)
honeyberry
mamoncillo
melicoccus bijugatus
spanish lime plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:4282
LANGUAL:B1469
MANSFELD:32343
NETTOX:
Artemisia dracunculus L.
tarragon plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11773
GRIN:27393
ITIS:18154
LANGUAL:B1470
MANSFELD:15043
PLANTS:PEAM3
http://eol.org/pages/596888
Persea americana Mill.
Persea americana P. Mill.
abogado
aguacate
palta
persea americana
persea gratissima
avocado plant as food source
The European cantaloupe is lightly ribbed, with a gray-green skin that looks quite different from that of the North American cantaloupe.
WIKIPEDIA:Cantaloupe
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9041
GRIN:12566
ITIS:22362
LANGUAL:B1471
MANSFELD:3670
PLANTS:CUME
http://eol.org/pages/584424
Cucumis melo L.
Cucumis melo L. ssp. melo Cantaloupe Group
Cucumis melo L. subsp. melo var. cantalupensis Naudin
Cucumis melo L. var. cantalupensis Naudin
cucumis melo
european cantaloupe plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8668
GRIN:70183
ITIS:501529
LANGUAL:B1472
MANSFELD:15093
PLANTS:CIVE2
http://eol.org/pages/490672
Cinnamomum verum J. Presl
Cinnamomum verum J.Presl
cassia
cinnamomum verum
cinnamomum zeylanicum
cinnamon plant as food source
The tangelo, Citrus × tangelo, is also widely known as the honeybell. Tangelo is a citrus fruit that is a hybrid of a tangerine and either a pomelo or a grapefruit.
WIKIPEDIA:Tangelo
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8707
GRIN:102894
ITIS:506398
LANGUAL:B1473
PLANTS:CITA
http://eol.org/pages/483520
Citrus X tangelo J. Ingram & H. Moore
Citrus x tangelo J. W. Ingram & H. E. Moore
Citrus x tangelo J.W.Ingram & H.E.Moore
Citrus ×tangelo J.W. Ingram & H.E. Moore
citrus tangelo
citrus x tangelo
tangelo plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1474
comello plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1475
http://eol.org/pages/26259
trachinotus spp.
pompano as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1476
http://eol.org/pages/39511
bubalus
buffalo as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7540
GRIN:3503
ITIS:18100
LANGUAL:B1477
MANSFELD:28762
PLANTS:ANSQ
http://eol.org/pages/1054831
Annona squamosa L.
annona squamosa
seet sop
sugar apple
sweetsop plant as food source
Scallions - also known as green onions, spring onions, salad onions, green shallots, onion sticks, long onions, baby onions, precious onions, yard onions, gibbons, or syboes - are the edible plants of various *Allium* species, all of which are "onion-like", having hollow green leaves and lacking a fully developed root bulb.
The Welsh onion (*Allium fistulosum*) does not form bulbs even when mature, and is grown in the West almost exclusively as a scallion or salad onion, although in Asia this species is of primary importance and used both fresh and in cooking. "Scallion" is also used for young plants of the common onion (*Allium cepa* var. *cepa*) and shallot (*Allium cepa* var. *aggregatum*, formerly *Allium ascalonicum*), harvested before bulbs form, or sometimes when slight bulbing has occurred. Most of the cultivars grown in the West primarily as salad onions or scallions belong to *Allium cepa* var. *cepa*. Other species sometimes used as scallions include *Allium ×proliferum* and *Allium ×wakegi*.
WIKIPEDIA:Scallion
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1478
http://eol.org/pages/17858
green onion
spring onion
scallion plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:252
FAO ASFIS:TRS
ITIS:161997
LANGUAL:B1479
http://eol.org/pages/206777
Salmo trutta
Salmo trutta Berg 1908
Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758
salmo trutta
salmo trutta trutta
sea trout
trout, brown
trutta marina
brown trout as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7538
GRIN:3492
ITIS:18098
LANGUAL:B1480
MANSFELD:28746
PLANTS:ANMU2
http://eol.org/pages/1054863
Annona muricata L.
annona
annona muricata
guamabana
prickly custard apple
soursop plant as food source
Antelope is a term referring to many even-toed ungulate species found all over the world in places such as Africa, Asia, and North America. The term refers to a "miscellaneous" group within the family encompassing the old-world species which are not cattle, sheep, buffalo, bison, or goats.
WIKIPEDIA:Antelope
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1481
hippotragus spp.
neotragus spp.
tetracerus spp.
antelope as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:9163
ITIS:501290
LANGUAL:B1482
PLANTS:CAMA37
http://eol.org/pages/488417
Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A. DC.
Carissa macrocarpa (Ecklon) A. DC.
carissa macrocarpa
natal plum plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:406685
LANGUAL:B1483
MANSFELD:1805
NETTOX:
Pastinaca sativa L.
parsnip plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7482
GRIN:3074
ITIS:42335
LANGUAL:B1484
MANSFELD:25228
PLANTS:ANCO30
http://eol.org/pages/1126520
Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.
ananas comosus
piña
pineapple plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1485
sugar palm plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:311566
LANGUAL:B1486
pisum sativum var. arvense
field pea plant as food source
Sweet pea (*Lathyrus odoratus*) is a flowering plant in the genus *Lathyrus* in the family *Fabaceae* (legumes), native to the eastern Mediterranean. Unlike the edible pea, there is evidence that seeds of members of the genus *Lathyrus* are toxic if ingested in quantity. A related species, *Lathyrus sativus*, is grown for human consumption but when it forms a major part of the diet it causes symptoms of toxicity called lathyrism.
WIKIPEDIA:Lathyrus_odoratus
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10712
GRIN:21596
ITIS:25864
LANGUAL:B1487
PLANTS:LAOD
http://eol.org/pages/703179
Lathyrus odoratus L.
lathyrus odoratus
pea, sweet
sweet pea plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:23225
ITIS:25257
LANGUAL:B1488
PLANTS:MACO5
http://eol.org/pages/8097
Malus coronaria (L.) Mill.
Malus coronaria (L.) P. Mill.
malus coronaria
sweet crabapple plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1489
http://eol.org/pages/2249
pecten aequiscleatus
pectinidae
scallop as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:104958
ITIS:24921
LANGUAL:B1490
PLANTS:RUFL
http://eol.org/pages/246464
Rubus flagellaris Willd.
rubus flagellaris
american dewberry plant
Blueberries are flowering plants of the genus *Vaccinium* (a genus which also includes cranberries and bilberries) with dark-blue berries and are perennial. Species in the section Cyanococcus are the most common fruits sold as "blueberries" and are native to North America (they were not introduced into Europe until the 1930s).
WIKIPEDIA:Blueberry
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1491
http://eol.org/pages/4267
Vaccinium L.
vaccinium spp. cyanococcus group
blueberry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11319
GRIN:25072
ITIS:22993
LANGUAL:B1492
MANSFELD:23589
PLANTS:NAOF
http://eol.org/pages/4219
Nasturtium officinale R.Br.
Nasturtium officinale W. T. Aiton
Nasturtium officinale W.T. Aiton
Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek
nasturtium officinale
rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum
watercress plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1493
sassafras albidum
sassafras plant as food source
The raspberry is the edible fruit of a number of species of the genus *Rubus*. The name originally refers in particular to the European species Rubus idaeus, and is still used for that species as its standard English name in its native area. Other species, mostly closely related in the same subgenus Idaeobatus, also called raspberries subsequently include:
* Rubus strigosus (American Raspberry) (syn. R. idaeus var. strigosus)
* Rubus arcticus (Arctic Raspberry)
* Rubus crataegifolius (Korean Raspberry)
* Rubus occidentalis (Black Raspberry)
* Rubus odoratus (Flowering Raspberry)
* Rubus phoenicolasius (Wine Raspberry)
* Rubus leucodermis (Whitebark or Western Raspberry, native: Blue Raspberry)
WIKIPEDIA:Raspberry
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1494
PLANTS:RUBUS
http://eol.org/pages/8097
Rubus L.
raspberry plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:32207
LANGUAL:B1495
MANSFELD:15692
NETTOX:
Rosmarinus officinalis L.
rosmarinus officinalis
rosemary plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1496
http://eol.org/pages/24209
epinephelus spp.
grouper as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1298
FAO ASFIS:CRQ
ITIS:621745
ITIS:98428
LANGUAL:B1497
http://eol.org/pages/1025204
Chionoecetes opilio
Chionoecetes opilio (Fabricius, 1788)
Chionoecetes opilio (J. C. Fabricius, 1788)
Chionoecetes opilio opilio (O. Fabricius, 1788)
chionoecetes opilio
queen crab
snow crab as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:KCA
LANGUAL:B1498
Lithodes ferox Filhol 1885
lithodes ferox
king crab as food source
*Xanthosoma sagittifolium*, the arrowleaf elephant ear or arrowleaf elephant's ear, is a species of tropical flowering plant in the genus *Xanthosoma*, which produces an edible, starchy tuber.
WIKIPEDIA:Xanthosoma_sagittifolium
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13955
GRIN:42090
ITIS:42586
LANGUAL:B1499
PLANTS:XASA2
http://eol.org/pages/1127738
Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott
arum sagittifolium
malanga
ocumo
tanier
tannia
tanyah
xanthosoma
xanthosoma sagittifolia
xanthosoma sagittifolium
yautia
arrowleaf elephant ear plant
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1500
http://eol.org/pages/7685
cervidae
deer family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1501
http://eol.org/pages/72690
morus spp.
mulberry plant
UGLI is the trademark of Cabel Hall Citrus Limited and under which they sell their Jamaican tangelo, a citrus fruit created by hybridizing a grapefruit (or pomelo), an orange and a tangerine. Its species is Citrus reticulata × Citrus paradisi.
WIKIPEDIA:Ugli
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1502
http://eol.org/pages/4414
citrus reticulata × citrus paradisi
ugli fruit as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:260
FAO ASFIS:LAT
ITIS:162002
LANGUAL:B1503
http://eol.org/pages/205277
Salvelinus namaycush
Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792)
Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum, 1792)
cristivomer namaycush
salvelinus namaycush
lake trout as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7742
GRIN:4319
ITIS:184181
LANGUAL:B1504
PLANTS:ARAL7
http://eol.org/pages/594952
Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg
artocarpus altilis
artocarpus incisa
breadfruit plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1505
homarus spp.
panulirus spp.
lobster as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:996
FAO ASFIS:ALB
FDA RFE 2010:89
ITIS:172419
LANGUAL:B1506
http://eol.org/pages/205933
Thunnus alalunga
Thunnus alalunga (Bonnaterre, 1788)
thunnus alalunga
thunnus germo
albacore as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8706
GRIN:10772
ITIS:28887
LANGUAL:B1507
MANSFELD:7654
PLANTS:CIPA3
http://eol.org/pages/582202
Citrus X paradisi Macfad. (pro sp.)
Citrus paradisi Macfad.
Citrus x paradisi Macfad.
Citrus ×paradisi Macfad. (pro sp.)
citrus paradisi
citrus x paradisi
grapefruit plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13738
GRIN:41030
ITIS:23599
LANGUAL:B1508
MANSFELD:18280
PLANTS:VAMA
http://eol.org/pages/583674
Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.
Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton
large cranberry
oxycoccus macrocarpos
vaccinium macrocarpon
american cranberry plant
http://langual.org
ITIS:180701
LANGUAL:B1509
MSW3:14200328
http://eol.org/pages/328653
Rangifer tarandus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Rangifer tarandus Linnaeus, 1758
caribou
rangifer tarandus
reindeer as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:168888
LANGUAL:B1510
http://eol.org/pages/596447
Lutjanus Bloch, 1790
Lutjanus lutjanus Bloch, 1790
common snapper
lutjanus spp.
snapper as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:MIP
FDA RFE 2010:38
ITIS:172887
LANGUAL:B1511
http://eol.org/pages/223477
Microstomus pacificus
Microstomus pacificus (Lockington 1879)
Microstomus pacificus (Lockington, 1879)
microstomus pacificus
sole, dover
dover sole as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:BLU
ITIS:168559
LANGUAL:B1512
http://eol.org/pages/205264
Pomatomus saltatrix
Pomatomus saltatrix (Linnaeus, 1766)
pomatomus saltatrix
bluefish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1513
daikon
raphanus sativus longipinnatus
chinese radish plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1514
http://eol.org/pages/2322
octopodidae
polypus
octopus as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1515
http://eol.org/pages/37668
papaver
poppies
poppy plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:976
FAO ASFIS:KGM
ITIS:172435
LANGUAL:B1516
http://eol.org/pages/205100
Scomberomorus cavalla
Scomberomorus cavalla (Cuvier, 1829)
scomberomorus cavalla
king mackerel as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:19415
LANGUAL:B1517
MANSFELD:22995
NETTOX:
Humulus lupulus L.
humulus
hops plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1518
http://eol.org/pages/5310
istiophoridae
billfish family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1519
http://eol.org/pages/28124
anarhichas spp.
wolffish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1520
http://eol.org/pages/25099
caulolatilus spp.
tilefish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1006
FAO ASFIS:SFA
ITIS:172488
LANGUAL:B1521
http://eol.org/pages/228441
Istiophorus platypterus
Istiophorus platypterus (Shaw & Nodder, 1792)
Istiophorus platypterus (Shaw and Nodder, 1792)
Istiophorus platypterus (Shaw in Shaw and Nodder, 1792)
istiophorus platypterus
sailfish as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:104692
GRIN:30569
ITIS:25296
LANGUAL:B1523
MANSFELD:8735
PLANTS:PYPY2
http://eol.org/pages/631563
Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm. f.) Nakai
Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm. fil.) Nakai
Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm.) Nakai
Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta (Makino) Nakai
asian pear
chinese pear
japanese pear
nashi
nashi pear
oriental pear
pyrus pyrifolia
sand pear plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1524
http://eol.org/pages/5206
serranidae
sea bass family as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:180318
LANGUAL:B1527
MSW3:13000330
http://eol.org/pages/313678
Ondatra zibethicus (Linnaeus, 1766)
Ondatra zibethicus Linnaeus, 1766
ondatra zibethicus
muskrat as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1528
edible currant plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12261
GRIN:29841
ITIS:24769
LANGUAL:B1529
MANSFELD:9372
PLANTS:PRAR3
http://eol.org/pages/301091
Prunus armeniaca L.
prunus armeniaca
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the apricot fruit (drupe), index both *APRICOT [B1529]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
apricot plant as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:500284
LANGUAL:B1530
PLANTS:FORTU
http://eol.org/pages/4414
Fortunella Swingle
fortunella spp.
kumquat plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1531
capsicum annum
spanish paprika pepper
pimiento pepper plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1532
http://eol.org/pages/23978
hippoglossus spp.
reinhardtius spp.
halibut as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8881
GRIN:11643
ITIS:501642
LANGUAL:B1533
MANSFELD:21811
PLANTS:COAV80
http://eol.org/pages/1147599
Corylus avellana L.
corylus avellana
corylus maxima
filbert
filbert nut
hazel
hazelnut
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the hazel fruit (nut) index both *EUROPEAN FILBERT [B1533]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
european filbert plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:651
FAO ASFIS:YTC
FDA RFE 2010:81
ITIS:168695
LANGUAL:B1534
http://eol.org/pages/206800
Seriola lalandei
Seriola lalandi
Seriola lalandi Valenciennes 1833
Seriola lalandi Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1833
Seriola lalandi Valenciennes, 1833
great amberjack
seriola lalandei
yellowtail amberjack
yellowtail jack
yellowtail as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1535
agave plant as food source
The coconut palm, Cocos nucifera, is a member of the family Arecaceae (palm family). It is the only accepted species in the genus Cocos. The term coconut can refer to the entire coconut palm, the seed, or the fruit, which is not a botanical nut, but a drupe. The spelling cocoanut is an old-fashioned form of the word.
WIKIPEDIA:Cocos_nucifera
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8763
GRIN:11043
ITIS:42451
LANGUAL:B1536
MANSFELD:10983
PLANTS:CONU
http://eol.org/pages/1091712
Cocos nucifera L.
coconut
cocos nucifera
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the coconut palm fruit (drupe, seed) index both *COCONUT PALM [B1130]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
coconut palm plant as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:180699
LANGUAL:B1537
MSW3:14200278
http://eol.org/pages/328652
Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780)
Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann, 1780
odocoileus virginianus
white-tailed deer as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7310
GRIN:101652
ITIS:42720
LANGUAL:B1538
MANSFELD:110
http://eol.org/pages/1084354
Allium cepa L.
Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum G. Don
Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum G.Don
allium cepa var. aggregatum
shallot plant as food source
In botany, a drupe is a fruit in which an outer fleshy part (exocarp, or skin; and mesocarp, or flesh) surrounds a shell (the pit, stone or pyrene) of hardened endocarp with a seed inside.
WIKIPEDIA:Drupe
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1539
drupe
pit fruit
stone fruit as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1540
http://eol.org/pages/24821
sphyraena spp.
barracuda as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:25913
LANGUAL:B1542
MANSFELD:16258
NETTOX:
Origanum vulgare L.
european oregano
marjoram, wild
oregano, common
oregano, european
origanum
origanum vulgare
wild marjoram
oregano plant as food source
Beech (Fagus) is a genus of ten species of deciduous trees in the family Fagaceae, native to temperate Europe, Asia and North America. The fruit of the beech tree is known as beechnuts or mast and is found in small burrs that drop from the tree in autumn. It is small, roughly triangular and edible, with a bitter, astringent taste.
WIKIPEDIA:Beech
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1543
beech nut
fagus spp.
LanguaL curation note: When indexing beech nut index both *BEECH [B1543]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
beech plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1544
http://eol.org/pages/107742
castanea spp.
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the chestnut fruit (nut) index both *CHESTNUT [B1544]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
chestnut plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7743
GRIN:70095
ITIS:184183
LANGUAL:B1545
MANSFELD:12606
PLANTS:ARHE2
http://eol.org/pages/596411
Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.
artocarpus heterophyllus
artocarpus integrifolius
jack
jakfruit
langka
jackfruit plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:955
FAO ASFIS:KAW
FDA RFE 2010:16
ITIS:172403
LANGUAL:B1546
http://eol.org/pages/223063
Euthynnus affinis
Euthynnus affinis (Cantor, 1849)
euthynnus affinis
euthynnus yaito
kawakawa as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10207
GRIN:27923
ITIS:36616
LANGUAL:B1547
MANSFELD:32888
PLANTS:HEAN3
http://eol.org/pages/468106
Helianthus annuus L.
giant greystripe
helianthus annuus
sunflower plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8398
GRIN:9243
ITIS:501305
LANGUAL:B1548
PLANTS:CATI
http://eol.org/pages/488433
Carthamus tinctorius L.
carthamus tinctorius
false saffron
safflower plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:9245
LANGUAL:B1549
MANSFELD:1333
NETTOX:
Carum carvi L.
carum carvi
cumin des pres
kummel
caraway plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1550
Petroselinum J. Hill
petroselinum spp.
parsley plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:36817
LANGUAL:B1551
MANSFELD:32164
NETTOX:
Tragopogon porrifolius L.
oyster plant
tragopogon porrifolius
salsify plant as food source
Common chicory, Cichorium intybus, is a somewhat woody, perennial herbaceous plant usually with bright blue flowers, rarely white or pink. Various varieties are cultivated for salad leaves, chicons (blanched buds), or for roots (var. sativum), which are baked, ground, and used as a coffee substitute and additive. It is also grown as a forage crop for livestock. It lives as a wild plant on roadsides in its native Europe, and in North America and Australia, where it has become naturalized.
"Chicory" is also the common name in the United States for curly endive (Cichorium endivia); these two closely related species are often confused.
WIKIPEDIA:Chicory
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8653
GRIN:10543
ITIS:36763
LANGUAL:B1552
MANSFELD:31967
PLANTS:CIIN
http://eol.org/pages/467862
Cichorium intybus L.
belgian endive
cichorium intybus
monk's beard
witloof chicory
chicory plant as food source
Trees in the genus Carya are commonly known as hickory, derived from the Powhatan language of Virginia.Hickory nuts (Carya) and walnuts (Juglans) in the Juglandaceae family grow within an outer husk; these fruits are technically drupes or drupaceous nuts, and thus not true botanical nuts. "Tryma" is a specialized term for such nut-like drupes.
WIKIPEDIA:Hickory
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1553
http://eol.org/pages/38128
carya spp.
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the hickory fruit (tryma/drupaceous nut) index both *HICKORY [B1553]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
hickory plant as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:212
FAO ASFIS:ANA
ITIS:551338
LANGUAL:B1554
http://eol.org/pages/207205
Engraulis anchoita Hubbs & Marini, 1935
Engraulis anchoita Hubbs and Marini in Marini, 1935
Engraulis anchoita Hubbs and Marini, 1935
anchoa engraulis
engraulis anchoita
argentine anchovy as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:312013
LANGUAL:B1555
MANSFELD:27559
NETTOX:
Phaseolus vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris
phaseolus vulgaris plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1556
cinnamomum burmannii
cassia, batavia (plant) as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1557
http://eol.org/pages/24007
freshwater perch
perca spp.
perch, freshwater
yellow perch as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1558
pilchard
sardina
sardinops
sardine as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11277
GRIN:24706
ITIS:42390
LANGUAL:B1559
MANSFELD:12410
PLANTS:MUAC
http://eol.org/pages/1116073
Musa acuminata Colla
chinese banana
ladyfinger banana
musa acuminata, var. dwarf cavendish
musa cavendishii
musa chinensis
musa nana
dwarf banana plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1560
pea bean
phaseolus vulgaris
navy or pea bean plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9520
GRIN:15184
ITIS:506498
LANGUAL:B1561
PLANTS:ENVE2
http://eol.org/pages/1119982
Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheeseman
Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman
abyssinian banana
ensete
ensete ventricosum
false banana
red-skinned banana
red banana plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1562
large lima bean
lima bean, large
fordhook lima bean plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1563
Aves
aves
fowl
game birds
poultry or game bird as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1565
http://eol.org/pages/2777741
cisco or whitefish
coregoninae
whitefish or cisco as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1566
leafy vegetable as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1567
beans, species/variety unknown
marrow bean
bean (vegetable) as food source
Latundan bananas (also called Tundan, Silk bananas, Pisang raja sereh, Manzana bananas or Apple bananas), are triploid hybrid banana cultivars from the Philippines. It is one of the most common banana cultivars in the Philippines, along with the Lacatan and Saba bananas.
WIKIPEDIA:Apple_Banana
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1568
apple banana plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:972
FAO ASFIS:MAS
FDA RFE 2010:61
ITIS:172412
LANGUAL:B1570
http://eol.org/pages/206784
Scomber japonicus
Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782
pacific mackerel
scomber japonicus
chub mackerel as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:982
FAO ASFIS:SSM
ITIS:172436
LANGUAL:B1571
http://eol.org/pages/2804347
Scomberomorus maculatus
Scomberomorus maculatus (Mitchill, 1815)
scomberomorus maculatus
seer
atlantic spanish mackerel as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:70182
LANGUAL:B1572
MANSFELD:15074
NETTOX:
Cinnamomum aromaticum Nees
cassia, chinese
cinnamomum cassia
cinnamon, chinese (plant) as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1573
http://eol.org/pages/8268
atheriniformes
fish, atheriniform as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1574
http://eol.org/pages/8280
anguilliformes
fish, anguilliform as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:167
FAO ASFIS:HEP
ITIS:551209
LANGUAL:B1575
http://eol.org/pages/1156440
Clupea pallasi Valenciennes, 1847
Clupea pallasii
Clupea pallasii Valenciennes 1847
Clupea pallasii Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1847
clupea harengus pallasi
clupea pallasi
clupea pallasii
pacific herring as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:180137
LANGUAL:B1576
http://eol.org/pages/327979
Marmota monax (Linnaeus, 1758)
groundhog
marmota monax
woodchuck as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1577
field corn, white (plant) as food source
The Santa Claus melon, sometimes known as Christmas melon or Piel de Sapo, is a variety of melon that grows to approximately 1 foot in length and is oblong in shape. It has a thick outer green-striped rind with a pale green inner pulp that provides a mild melon flavor, that can be as sweet as honeydew melons, if not more so.
WIKIPEDIA:Santa_claus_melon
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1578
melon, santa claus
santa claus melon plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1579
vegetable-producing plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1580
field corn, yellow (plant) as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1581
http://eol.org/pages/5184
perciformes
fish, perciform as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:12571
LANGUAL:B1582
Cucumis melo L. subsp. melo var. inodorus H. Jacq.
honeydew melon plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1583
http://eol.org/pages/34545
cervus spp.
deer as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8417
GRIN:9445
LANGUAL:B1584
MANSFELD:17782
PLANTS:CASA27
http://eol.org/pages/4197
Castanea sativa Mill.
castanea sativa
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the chestnut fruit (nut) index both *EUROPEAN CHESTNUT [B1584]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
european chestnut plant as food source
Cultivated peaches are divided into clingstones and freestones, depending on whether the flesh sticks to the stone or not; both can have either white or yellow flesh.
WIKIPEDIA:Peach
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12289
GRIN:30065
ITIS:24765
LANGUAL:B1585
MANSFELD:9402
PLANTS:PRPE3
PLANTS:PRPEP2
http://eol.org/pages/631649
Prunus persica (L.) Batsch
Prunus persica (L.) Batsch var. persica
peach, freestone (plant) as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:166
FAO ASFIS:HER
ITIS:161722
ITIS:161724
LANGUAL:B1586
http://eol.org/pages/847095
Clupea harengus
Clupea harengus Linnaeus, 1758
Clupea harengus harengus Linnaeus, 1758
atlantic sardine
clupea harengus
clupea harengus harengus
herring, atlantic
atlantic herring as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:251
FAO ASFIS:SAL
FDA RFE 2010:58
ITIS:161996
LANGUAL:B1587
http://eol.org/pages/206776
Salmo salar
Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758
salmo salar
atlantic salmon as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:41621
LANGUAL:B1588
MANSFELD:27363
NETTOX:
Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper
black lentil
mungo bean
phaseolus mungo
urad
urd
urdbean
black gram bean plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1135
FAO ASFIS:GHL
ITIS:172930
LANGUAL:B1589
http://eol.org/pages/223542
Reinhardtius hippoglossoides
Reinhardtius hippoglossoides (Walbaum, 1792)
black halibut
greenland turbot
halibut, greenland
reinhardtius hippoglossoides
turbot, greenland
greenland halibut as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1590
cassia, saigon
cinnamomum lourieri
cinnamon, saigon (plant) as food source
A small fowl of a breed developed by crossing white Plymouth Rock and Cornish strains, used especially as a roasting chicken.
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1591
rock cornish fowl as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1592
fish, salmoniform as food source
Cultivated peaches are divided into clingstones and freestones, depending on whether the flesh sticks to the stone or not; both can have either white or yellow flesh.
WIKIPEDIA:Peach
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12289
GRIN:30065
ITIS:24765
LANGUAL:B1593
MANSFELD:9402
PLANTS:PRPE3
PLANTS:PRPEP2
http://eol.org/pages/631649
Prunus persica (L.) Batsch
Prunus persica (L.) Batsch var. persica
clingstone peach
peach, clingstone (plant) as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1594
http://eol.org/pages/3194
cypriniformes
minnow
sucker
fish, cypriniform as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1595
sweet corn, yellow
vegetable corn, yellow (plant) as food source
Pinus pinea has been cultivated extensively for at least 6,000 years for the edible pine nuts. These have been trade items since early historic times. This cultivation throughout the Mediterranean region for so long that it has naturalized and is often considered native beyond its natural range.
WIKIPEDIA:Stone_pine
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11981
GRIN:28527
ITIS:506604
LANGUAL:B1596
MANSFELD:10031
PLANTS:PIPI7
http://eol.org/pages/999491
Pinus pinea L.
italian stone pine
pignolia
pine nut
pino nut
pinon
pinon nut
pinus edulis
pinus pinea
umbrella pine
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the stone pine fruit (seed) index both *STONE PINE [B1596]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precidese narrower terms).
stone pine plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1597
sweet corn, white
vegetable corn, white (plant) as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1598
http://eol.org/pages/5083
catfishes
silures
fish, siluriform as food source
In botany, a pome (after the Latin word for fruit: pomum) is a type of fruit produced by flowering plants in the subfamily Maloideae of the family Rosaceae.
WIKIPEDIA:Pome
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1599
maloideae
pome fruit
pome fruit plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1601
http://eol.org/pages/3190
clupeiformes
fish, clupeiform as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1603
white asparagus plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1604
green asparagus plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1606
corn, lima beans and tomatoes
lima bean, corn and tomatoes
lima bean, sweet corn and tomatoes
tomato, corn and lima beans
tomato, sweet corn and lima beans
vegetable corn, lima bean and tomato
triple succotash plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1607
nut or edible seed producing plant as food source
A cherry tomato is a small variety of tomato that has been cultivated since at least the early 1800s and thought to have originated in Peru and Northern Chile. Cherry tomatoes range in size from a thumbtip up to the size of a golf ball, and can range from being spherical to slightly oblong in shape. The more oblong ones often share characteristics with plum tomatoes, and are known as grape tomatoes. The cherry tomato is regarded as a botanical variety of the cultivated berry, *Solanum lycopersicum* var. *cerasiforme*.
WIKIPEDIA:Cherry_tomato
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10985
GRIN:406486
ITIS:566309
LANGUAL:B1608
PLANTS:SOLYC
http://eol.org/pages/4437
Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.
Solanum lycopersicum L. var. cerasiforme (Dunal) Spooner, G.J. Anderson & R.K. Jansen
Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme (Alef.) Fosberg
Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme (Dunal) Spooner, J. Anderson & R.K. Jansen
cherry tomato
lycopersicon lycopersicum var. cerasiforme
midget tomato
miniature tomato plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:25912
LANGUAL:B1609
MANSFELD:16210
NETTOX:
Origanum majorana L.
marjoram, sweet
origanum majorana
sweet marjoram plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8107
GRIN:7675
ITIS:530959
LANGUAL:B1611
MANSFELD:23884
PLANTS:BROLG
http://eol.org/pages/4219
Brassica oleracea L. var. gemmifera DC.
Brassica oleracea L. var. gemmifera Zenker
Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera (DC.) Zenker
Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera DC.
brassica oleracea var. gemmifera
brussels sprout plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:240
FAO ASFIS:HUC
ITIS:162024
LANGUAL:B1612
http://eol.org/pages/204854
Hucho hucho
Hucho hucho (Linnaeus, 1758)
hucho hucho
danube salmon as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1614
http://eol.org/pages/38372
vaccinium spp.
berry, vaccinium (plant) as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:716
FAO ASFIS:SWF
ITIS:169239
LANGUAL:B1615
http://eol.org/pages/357152
Cynoscion nebulosus
Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier 1830)
Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830)
Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier, 1838)
cynoscion nebulosus
spotted seatrout as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1616
ash gourd
benincasa ceriflora
benincasa hispida
chinese watermelon
dung gwa
kundur
tunka
wax gourd
white gourd
white pumpkin
zit kwa
chinese preserving melon plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1617
popcorn, yellow (plant) as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12672
GRIN:32401
ITIS:24854
LANGUAL:B1618
PLANTS:RUOC
http://eol.org/pages/244604
Rubus occidentalis L.
rubus occidentalis
black raspberry plant
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1620
http://eol.org/pages/39388
moschus spp.
musk deer as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:180696
LANGUAL:B1621
MSW3:14200371
http://eol.org/pages/328650
Cervus nippon Temminck, 1838
cervus nippon
sika deer as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:180698
LANGUAL:B1622
MSW3:14200267
http://eol.org/pages/328651
Odocoileus hemionus (Rafinesque, 1817)
Odocoileus hemionus Rafinesque, 1817
odocoileus hemionus
mule deer as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8281
GRIN:8732
ITIS:506801
LANGUAL:B1623
MANSFELD:4999
PLANTS:CASI16
http://eol.org/pages/482447
Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze
Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze
camellia sinensis
camellia thea
thea sinensis
tea plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1624
amphibia
amphibian as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1625
reptilia
reptile as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1626
http://eol.org/pages/7630
dasypodidae
armadillo as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:446
FAO ASFIS:FBU
ITIS:164725
LANGUAL:B1627
http://eol.org/pages/204768
Lota lota
Lota lota (Linnaeus, 1758)
lota lota
lota maculosa
burbot as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9307
GRIN:14131
ITIS:506072
LANGUAL:B1628
PLANTS:DILO7
http://eol.org/pages/590822
Dimocarpus longan Lour.
dimocarpus longan
dragon eyes
euphorbia longan
lungan
nephelium longanum
longan plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11357
GRIN:25188
ITIS:506073
LANGUAL:B1629
MANSFELD:6931
PLANTS:NELA7
http://eol.org/pages/595297
Nephelium lappaceum L.
alectryon subcinereus
euphorbia nephelium
hairy lychee
nephelium lappaceum
rhambustan
rambutan plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:950
FAO ASFIS:WAH
ITIS:172451
LANGUAL:B1630
http://eol.org/pages/211408
Acanthocybium solandri
Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1832)
Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier, 1832)
acanthocybium solandri
wahoo as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1633
buccinum spp.
busycon spp.
neptunea spp.
whelk as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11657
DPNL 2003:11658
DPNL 2003:11659
GRIN:26962
ITIS:22223
LANGUAL:B1634
PLANTS:PAED
http://eol.org/pages/584518
Passiflora edulis Sims
Passiflora edulis Sims forma edulis
Passiflora edulis Sims forma flavicarpa O.Deg.
granadilla
passiflora edulis
purple granadilla
passion fruit as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:11177
LANGUAL:B1636
MANSFELD:29329
NETTOX:
Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott.
colocasia esculenta
dasheen
eddo
old cocoyam
taro plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1640
http://eol.org/pages/5503
Merlangius Geoffroy, 1767
frostfish
marling
merlangius spp.
whiting as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12694
GRIN:32518
ITIS:504901
LANGUAL:B1641
MANSFELD:9486
PLANTS:RUAC2
http://eol.org/pages/485385
Rumex acetosa L.
dock (plant)
rumex
sour grass
sorrel plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:29453
LANGUAL:B1642
MANSFELD:8008
NETTOX:
Portulaca oleracea L. ssp. sativa (Haw.) Celak.
portulaca spp.
purslane plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1643
capsicum annuum, longum group
capsicum chile pepper
cayenne pepper
chile pepper
chili pepper
long pepper
red pepper (chile pepper)
hot pepper plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1644
http://eol.org/pages/2330
sepiidae
cuttlefish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1646
burdock root
lappa plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1647
tussilago farfara
coltsfoot plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1281
FAO ASFIS:CRB
FDA RFE 2010:6
ITIS:98696
LANGUAL:B1648
http://eol.org/pages/312939
Callinectes sapidus
Callinectes sapidus M. J. Rathbun, 1896
Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896
callinectes sapidus
blue crab as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12334
GRIN:30200
GRIN:312939
GRIN:312940
GRIN:312942
ITIS:27239
ITIS:530947
LANGUAL:B1649
PLANTS:PSCA
http://eol.org/pages/2508592
Psidium cattleianum Sabine
Psidium cattleianum Sabine var. littorale (Raddi) Fosberg
Psidium cattleianum f. lucidum O. Deg.
Psidium cattleianum var. cattleianum
Psidium cattleianum var. cattleianum Sabine
Psidium cattleianum var. littorale (Raddi) Fosberg
guava, strawberry
psidium cattleianum
strawberry guava plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13407
GRIN:36128
ITIS:505419
LANGUAL:B1651
PLANTS:SYCU
http://eol.org/pages/2508660
Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels
black plum (syzyguim)
eugenia jambolana
jambol
jambolan plum
jambul
java plum
syzygium cumini
jambolan plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9653
GRIN:16210
ITIS:27224
LANGUAL:B1657
MANSFELD:12194
PLANTS:EUUN2
http://eol.org/pages/2508562
Eugenia uniflora L.
brazil cherry
cayenne cherry
eugenia michelii
eugenia uniflora
pitanga
surinam cherry plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1658
green kidney bean plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1659
phaseolus vulgaris
red kidney bean plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1661
crenshaw melon plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:29889
LANGUAL:B1662
MANSFELD:9338
http://eol.org/pages/8097
Prunus domestica subsp. insititia (L.) C. K. Schneid.
bullace
prunus insititia
damson plum plant as food source
Horse bean and field bean refer to *Vigna faba* L. cultivars with smaller, harder seeds (more like the wild species) used for animal feed, though their stronger flavour is preferred in some human food recipes, such as falafel.
WIKIPEDIA:Vicia_faba
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13823
GRIN:41483
ITIS:26339
LANGUAL:B1663
PLANTS:VIFA
http://eol.org/pages/703202
Vicia faba L.
Vicia faba L. (varieties for fodder)
Vicia faba var. equina Pers.
field bean
vicia faba
vicia faba equina
horse bean plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7132
GRIN:1405
GRIN:420036
ITIS:506775
LANGUAL:B1664
MANSFELD:26714
PLANTS:ACCH5
http://eol.org/pages/392751
Actinidia chinensis Planch.
Actinidia chinensis Planchon
Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis
actinidia chinensis
actinidia sinensis
chinese gooseberry
strawberry peach
kiwifruit plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:300197
LANGUAL:B1665
MANSFELD:3384
PLANTS:ELCA19
http://eol.org/pages/8183
Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton
elettaria cardamomum
cardamom plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1666
jalapeno pepper plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1667
butyrospermum parkii
sheabutter
vitellaria paradoxa
sheanut plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1669
lamb as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:611
FAO ASFIS:SZC
ITIS:650171
LANGUAL:B1670
http://eol.org/pages/211301
Sander canadensis
Sander canadensis (Griffith & Smith 1834)
Sander canadensis (Griffith and Smith, 1834)
Stizostedion canadense (Smith, 1836)
canadian pike
stizostedion canadense
sauger as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1672
http://eol.org/pages/37701
barbary fig
cholla
cholla cactus
opuntia spp.
opuntia vulgaris
tuna (opuntia)
prickly pear plant as food source
Ginseng is any one of 11 species of slow-growing perennial plants with fleshy roots, belonging to the genus *Panax* of the family *Araliaceae*.
WIKIPEDIA:Ginseng
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1673
http://eol.org/pages/5432
panax
ginseng plant as food source
Stinging nettle or common nettle, *Urtica dioica*, is a herbaceous perennial flowering plant, native to Europe, Asia, northern Africa, and North America, and is the best-known member of the nettle genus *Urtica*. The plant has many hollow stinging hairs called trichomes on its leaves and stems, which act like hypodermic needles, injecting histamine and other chemicals that produce a stinging sensation when contacted by humans and other animals. The plant has a long history of use as a medicine and as a food source.
WIKIPEDIA:Urtica_dioica
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13725
GRIN:40944
ITIS:19152
LANGUAL:B1674
MANSFELD:7662
PLANTS:URDI
http://eol.org/pages/595063
Urtica dioica L.
stinging nettle
urtica spp.
nettle plant as food source
The Greengage (Prunus domestica subsp. italica or the Reine Claude) is an edible drupaceous fruit, a cultivar of the plum.
WIKIPEDIA:Greengage
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12273
GRIN:448303
LANGUAL:B1675
MANSFELD:9343
http://eol.org/pages/8097
Prunus domestica L. subsp. italica (Borkh.) Gams
Prunus domestica subsp. italica (Borkh.) Gams ex Hegi
prunus insititia var. italica
greengage plum plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12267
GRIN:29860
LANGUAL:B1676
MANSFELD:9307
PLANTS:PRCE2
http://eol.org/pages/8097
Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.
prunus cerasifera
cherry plum plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8593
GRIN:10178
ITIS:20592
LANGUAL:B1681
PLANTS:CHAL7
http://eol.org/pages/587522
Chenopodium album L.
chenopodium album
goosefoot, white
pigweed
white goosefoot
lamb's quarter plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SBC
ITIS:166733
LANGUAL:B1682
http://eol.org/pages/209611
Sebastes paucispinis
Sebastes paucispinis Ayres, 1854
sebastes paucispinis
bocaccio as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:259
FAO ASFIS:VAR
ITIS:162000
LANGUAL:B1683
http://eol.org/pages/225241
Salvelinus malma
Salvelinus malma (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792)
Salvelinus malma (Walbaum, 1792)
Salvelinus malma Taranetz 1933
salvelinus malma
dolly varden as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11898
GRIN:102390
ITIS:30606
LANGUAL:B1684
MANSFELD:5607
PLANTS:PHPE4
http://eol.org/pages/581074
Physalis peruviana L.
groundcherry, peruvian
physalis peruviana
poha
cape gooseberry plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:23319
ITIS:21492
LANGUAL:B1685
PLANTS:MAAM2
http://eol.org/pages/584884
Mammea americana L.
mamey
mammea americana
south american apricot
mammy apple plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7883
GRIN:6158
ITIS:506371
LANGUAL:B1686
MANSFELD:11132
PLANTS:AVCA
http://eol.org/pages/483574
Averrhoa carambola L.
averrhoa carambola
star fruit
carambola plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7535
GRIN:3479
ITIS:506198
LANGUAL:B1687
MANSFELD:28726
PLANTS:ANCH9
http://eol.org/pages/1054913
Annona cherimola Mill.
Annona cherimola Miller
annona cherimola
cherimoya plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:41053
ITIS:23622
LANGUAL:B1688
PLANTS:VARE
http://eol.org/pages/583621
Vaccinium reticulatum Sm.
vaccinium reticulatum
oheloberry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7539
GRIN:3498
ITIS:18099
LANGUAL:B1689
MANSFELD:28755
PLANTS:ANRE
http://eol.org/pages/1054845
Annona reticulata L.
annona reticulata
bullock's heart
corazon
jamaica apple
custard apple plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8051
GRIN:7271
ITIS:506071
LANGUAL:B1690
PLANTS:BLSA2
http://eol.org/pages/483850
Blighia sapida K. D. Koenig
Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig
Blighia sapida K.D.Koenig
Blighia sapida Koenig
ackee
blighia sapida
akee plant as food source
The roselle (*Hibiscus sabdariffa*) is a species of Hibiscus native to the Old World tropics, used for the production of bast fibre and as an infusion. It is an annual or perennial herb or woody-based subshrub, growing to 2-2.5 m (7-8 ft) tall. The leaves are deeply three- to five-lobed, 8-15 cm (3-6 in) long, arranged alternately on the stems.
The flowers are 8-10 cm (3-4 in) in diameter, white to pale yellow with a dark red spot at the base of each petal, and have a stout fleshy calyx at the base, 1-2 cm (0.39-0.79 in) wide, enlarging to 3-3.5 cm (1.2-1.4 in), fleshy and bright red as the fruit matures. It takes about six months to mature.
WIKIPEDIA:Roselle_(plant)
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10293
GRIN:19078
ITIS:503001
LANGUAL:B1691
MANSFELD:13432
PLANTS:HISA2
http://eol.org/pages/487306
Hibiscus sabdariffa L.
hibiscus sabdariffa
jamaica sorrel
red sorrel (hibiscus)
roselle plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11086
GRIN:102614
ITIS:23823
LANGUAL:B1693
MANSFELD:6578
PLANTS:MAZA
http://eol.org/pages/1154544
Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen
Manilkara zapota (L.) P.Royen
Manilkara zapota (L.) van Royen
achras sapota
chicle tree
chicozapote
manilkara zapota
nispero tree
sapodilla plant as food source
Sapote (from Nahuatl tzapotl) is a term for a soft, edible fruit. The word is incorporated into the common names of several unrelated fruit-bearing plants native to Mexico, Central America and northern parts of South America.
WIKIPEDIA:Sapote
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1694
calocarpum sapota
caolcarpum mammosum
lucuma mammosa
mamey colorado
mamey sapote
mammee sapote
marmalade fruit
marmalade plum
pouteria sapota
sapota
sapote plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13434
GRIN:36219
ITIS:26980
LANGUAL:B1695
MANSFELD:17761
PLANTS:TAIN2
http://eol.org/pages/639027
Tamarindus indica L.
indian tamarind
tamarindus indica
tamarind plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:40421
LANGUAL:B1696
MANSFELD:30938
NETTOX:
Trigonella foenum-graecum L.
trigonella foenum-graecum
fenugreek plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10443
GRIN:19666
ITIS:503154
LANGUAL:B1697
PLANTS:ILAQ80
http://eol.org/pages/486842
Ilex aquifolium L.
ilex aquifolium
ilex spp.
english holly plant as food source
Source--A Checklist of Names for 3,000 Vascular Plants of Economic Importance, 1986, p.148 (for scientific name).
http://langual.org
GRIN:24865
LANGUAL:B1699
Virola surinamensis (Rol. ex Rottb.) Warb.
barak
virola sebifera
virola surinamensis
ucuhuba plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10880
GRIN:22361
ITIS:29226
LANGUAL:B1700
PLANTS:LIUS
http://eol.org/pages/581568
Linum usitatissimum L.
common flax
cultivated flax
flax, common
flax, cultivated
lin
linum usitatissimum
flax plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:22802
LANGUAL:B1701
MANSFELD:31557
NETTOX:
Lupinus albus L.
lupnius spp.
lupine bean plant as food source
Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi and Ohashi, previously Phaseolus calcaratus, is a warm-season annual vine legume with yellow flowers and small edible beans. It is commonly called ricebean or rice bean.
WIKIPEDIA:Rice_bean
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13839
GRIN:41643
ITIS:506275
LANGUAL:B1702
PLANTS:VIUM2
http://eol.org/pages/655171
Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi
Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & H.Ohashi
phaseolus calcaratus
red bean
vigna umbellata
rice bean plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1703
ricinus communis
castor bean plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13117
GRIN:105075
ITIS:28030
LANGUAL:B1704
PLANTS:SICH
http://eol.org/pages/582468
Simmondsia chinensis (Link) C. K. Schneid.
Simmondsia chinensis (Link) C.K. Schneid.
Simmondsia chinensis (Link) C.K.Schneid.
Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneid.
deer nut
goat nut
simmondsia chinensis
jojoba plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1707
babacu
orbignya barbosiana
orbignya speciosa
babassu palm plant as food source
*Crataegus*, commonly called hawthorn or thornapple, is a large genus of shrubs and trees in the rose family, *Rosaceae*, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia and North America. The name hawthorn was originally applied to the species native to northern Europe, especially the Common Hawthorn, *C. monogyna*, and the unmodified name is often so used in Britain and Ireland. However the name is now also applied to the entire genus, and also to the related Asian genus *Rhaphiolepis*.
WIKIPEDIA:Crataegus
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8958
GRIN:300154
LANGUAL:B1708
PLANTS:CRATA
http://eol.org/pages/8097
Crataegus
Crataegus L.
Crataegus sp.
crataegus spp.
haw
hawthorn plant as food source
A young chicken (usually 3-5 months of age), of either sex, that is tender-meated with soft, pliable, smooth- textured skin and breastbone cartilage that may be somewhat less flexible than that of a broiler or fryer.
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1710
roaster chicken as food source
A surgically unsexed male chicken (usually under 8 months of age) that is tender-meated with soft, pliable, smooth-textured skin.
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1711
capon as food source
A male chicken (usually under 10 months of age) with coarse skin, somewhat toughened and darkened flesh, and considerable hardening of the breastbone cartilage. Their condition is intermediate between that of a roaster chicken and a rooster.
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1712
stag chicken as food source
A mature female chicken (usually more than 10 months of age) with meat less tender than that of a roaster, and with a nonflexible breastbone tip.
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1713
stewing chicken
hen as food source
A mature male chicken with coarse skin, toughened and darkened meat, and hardened breastbone tip.
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1714
cock
cockerel
rooster as food source
The acorn, or oak nut, is the nut of the oaks and their close relatives (genera Quercus and Lithocarpus, in the family Fagaceae).
WIKIPEDIA:Acorn
http://langual.org
GRIN:300504
LANGUAL:B1715
PLANTS:QUERC
http://eol.org/pages/4197
Quercus L.
Quercus sp.
acorn
oak nut
quercus spp.
oak plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1716
duck potato
sagittaria tatifolia
arrowhead plant as food source
Amaranthus, collectively known as amaranth or pigweed, is a cosmopolitan genus of herbs. Approximately 60 species are presently recognised, with inflorescences and foliage ranging from purple and red to gold. Although several species are often considered weeds, people around the world value amaranths as leaf vegetables, cereals and ornamentals. .
WIKIPEDIA:Amaranth
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1717
http://eol.org/pages/37601
amaranth (grain)
amaranthus spp.
pigweed
amaranth plant as food source
A gourd is a plant of the family *Cucurbitaceae*. Gourd is occasionally used to describe crops like cucumbers, squash, luffas, and melons. The term gourd, however, can more specifically refer to the plants of the two *Cucurbitaceae* genera *Lagenaria* and *Cucurbita*, or also to their hollow, dried-out shell.[A gourd is a plant of the family Cucurbitaceae. Gourd is occasionally used to describe crops like cucumbers, squash, luffas, and melons.[1] The term gourd, however, can more specifically refer to the plants of the two Cucurbitaceae genera Lagenaria and Cucurbita[citation needed], or also to their hollow, dried-out shell.[]
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1719
http://eol.org/pages/4458
cucurbitaceae
gourd plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:21385
LANGUAL:B1720
MANSFELD:3862
NETTOX:
Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.
bottle gourd
lagenaria siceraria
lagenaria vulgaris
calabash gourd plant as food source
*Luffa aegyptiaca* is a species of Luffa. Commonly known as Smooth Luffa, Egyptian Luffa, sometimes under the obsolete name *Luffa cylindrica$i/i$ and frequently misspelled *Luffa aegyptica*, it is cultivated and grown for its fruit. The fruit resembles a cucumber. Young fruit can be eaten as a vegetable while ripe fruits can be used to make bath sponges.
WIKIPEDIA:Luffa_aegyptiaca
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10955
GRIN:22788
ITIS:503570
LANGUAL:B1721
PLANTS:LUAE
http://eol.org/pages/487006
Luffa aegyptiaca Mill.
Luffa aegyptiaca P. Mill.
dishcloth gourd
dishrag gourd
loofah
luffa
luffa aegyptiaca
luffa cylindrica
rag gourd
smooth loofah
towel gourd
vegetable sponge
sponge gourd plant as food source
Brosimum alicastrum, the breadnut or Maya nut, is a Brosimum tree species under the Moraceae family of flowering plants, whose other genera include fig and mulberries The plant is known by a range of names in indigenous Mesoamerican and other languages, including but not limited to: ramon,ojoche, ojite, ojushte, ujushte, ujuxte, capomo, mojo, ox, iximche , masica' in Honduras 'and uje in Michoacan Mexico. The fruit, the breadnut, is extremely high in fiber, calcium, potassium, folic acid, iron, zinc, protein and B vitamins. It has a low glycemic index (<50) and is very high in antioxidants. The fresh seeds can be cooked and eaten or can be set out to dry in the sun to roast and eaten later. Stewed the nut tastes like mashed potato, roasted it tastes like chocolate or coffee and can be prepared in numerous other dishes. In Petén, Guatemala, the breadnut is being cultivated for exportation and local consumption as powder, for hot beverages, and bread.
WIKIPEDIA:Brosimum_alicastrum
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8147
GRIN:7895
ITIS:19075
LANGUAL:B1722
PLANTS:BRAL3
http://eol.org/pages/596209
Brosimum alicastrum Sw.
brosimum alicastrum
maya nut
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the fruit index both *BREADNUT [B1722]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
breadnut plant as food source
*Salvia hispanica*, commonly known as chia, is a species of flowering plant in the mint family, *Lamiaceae*, native to central and southern Mexico and Guatemala. Chia is grown commercially for its seed, a food that is rich in omega-3 fatty acids. Chia seeds are typically small ovals with a diameter of about 1 mm (0.039 in). They are mottle-colored with brown, gray, black and white. The seeds are hydrophilic, absorbing up to 12 times their weight in liquid when soaked. While soaking, the seeds develop a mucilaginous gel-like coating that gives chia-based beverages a distinctive texture.
WIKIPEDIA:Salvia_hispanica
http://langual.org
GRIN:32939
ITIS:32718
LANGUAL:B1723
PLANTS:SAHI6
http://eol.org/pages/578468
Salvia hispanica L.
salvia chia
salvia columbariae
salvia hispanica
chia plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1724
asparagus bean
dolichos sesquipedalis
tau kok
vigna sesquipedalis
vigna unguiculata var. sesquipedalis
yardlong bean plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:104887
LANGUAL:B1725
MANSFELD:27187
NETTOX:
Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet
dolichos lablab
lablab
lubia bean
hyacinth bean plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1726
asparagus pea
psophocarpus tetragonolobus
winged bean
goa bean plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9112
GRIN:12839
ITIS:37221
LANGUAL:B1727
MANSFELD:31793
PLANTS:CYCA
http://eol.org/pages/467498
Cynara cardunculus L.
cynara cardunculus
cardoon plant as food source
Celtuce (*Lactuca sativa* var. *asparagina*, *augustana*, or *angustata*), also called stem lettuce, celery lettuce, asparagus lettuce, or Chinese lettuce, IPA (UK,US), is a cultivar of lettuce grown primarily for its thick stem, used as a vegetable.
WIKIPEDIA:Celtuce
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10657
GRIN:404620
ITIS:36607
LANGUAL:B1728
PLANTS:LASA3
http://eol.org/pages/468144
Lactuca sativa L.
Lactuca sativa L. var. angustana L. H. Bailey
Lactuca sativa L. var. angustana L.H.Bailey
asparagus lettuce
chinese lettuce
lactuca sativa var. asparagina
lactuca sativa var. augustana
celtuce plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:3704
ITIS:530941
LANGUAL:B1729
MANSFELD:1236
apium graveolens rapaceum
celery root
celeriac plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12955
GRIN:33453
ITIS:22441
LANGUAL:B1730
PLANTS:SEED
http://eol.org/pages/584297
Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw.
christophine
mirliton
sechium edule
chayote plant as food source
Jute is a long, soft, shiny vegetable fibre that can be spun into coarse, strong threads. It is produced from plants in the genus *Corchorus*, which has been classified in the family *Tiliaceae*, or more recently in *Malvaceae*. However, it has been reclassified within the family *Sparrmanniaceae*.
Jute is one of the most affordable natural fibres and is second only to cotton in amount produced and variety of uses of vegetable fibres.
WIKIPEDIA:Corchorus_olitorius
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8823
GRIN:11458
ITIS:21516
LANGUAL:B1731
PLANTS:COOL
http://eol.org/pages/584868
Corchorus olitorius L.
corchorus olitorius
jew's mallow
jute mallow
jute, nalta
molokhia
tossa jute
nalta jute plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:36385
ITIS:19938
LANGUAL:B1732
MANSFELD:23031
PLANTS:TETE3
http://eol.org/pages/595055
Tetragonia tetragonioides (Pall.) Kuntze
Tetragonia tetragonioides (Pallas) Kuntze
Tetragonia tetragonoides (Pall.) Kuntze
spinach, new zealand
tetragonia expansa
new zealand spinach plant as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:42538
LANGUAL:B1733
PLANTS:SYFO
http://eol.org/pages/8191
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
skunk cabbage
symplocarpus foetidus
swamp cabbage plant as food source
Borage, (*Borago officinalis*), also known as a starflower, is an annual herb originating in Syria,[1] but naturalized throughout the Mediterranean region, as well as Asia Minor, Europe, North Africa, and South America.
WIKIPEDIA:Borago_officinalis
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8062
GRIN:7422
ITIS:31727
LANGUAL:B1735
MANSFELD:25390
PLANTS:BOOF
http://eol.org/pages/580765
Borago officinalis L.
borago officinalis
borage plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1736
agati grandiflora
sesbania grandiflora
sesbania plant as food source
*Sisymbrium altissimum* is a species of *Sisymbrium*. The plant is native to the western part of the Mediterranean Basin in Europe and Northern Africa and is widely naturalized throughout most of the world, including all of North America.
Edible Parts: Leaves, Seed. Edible Uses: Condiment. Young leaves and shoots - raw or cooked. A somewhat hot flavour, they can be used as a flavouring in salads or cooked as a potherb. Seed - ground into a powder and used as a gruel or as a mustard-like flavouring in soups etc. [http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Sisymbrium+altissimum]
WIKIPEDIA:Sisymbrium_altissimum
http://langual.org
GRIN:34451
ITIS:23312
LANGUAL:B1737
PLANTS:SIAL2
http://eol.org/pages/583815
Sisymbrium altissimum L.
sisymbrium altissimum
tumble mustard plant as food source
Pachyrhizus erosus, commonly known as Jícama, Yam, and Mexican Turnip, is the name of a native Mexican vine, although the name most commonly refers to the plant's edible tuberous root. Jícama is one species in the genus Pachyrhizus. Plants in this genus are commonly referred to as yam bean, although the term "yam bean" can be another name for jícama. The other major species of yam beans are also indigenous within the Americas.
WIKIPEDIA:Jicama
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11586
GRIN:26286
ITIS:26824
LANGUAL:B1738
PLANTS:PAER3
http://eol.org/pages/645206
Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb.
Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urban
mexican yam bean
pachyrhizus erosus
yam bean
jicama plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1739
fuki
petasites japonica
butter bur plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
DPNL 2003:8628
GRIN:417417
ITIS:35796
LANGUAL:B1740
http://eol.org/pages/4206
Chrysanthemum coronarium L.
Glebionis coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach
chrysanthemum coronarium
chrysanthemum, garland
crown daisy
japanese-green
kor tongho
shungiku
garland chrysanthemum plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1748
drumstick tree
moringa oleifera
moringa pterygosperma
horseradish tree as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1750
tree fern plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8690
GRIN:314344
LANGUAL:B1751
http://eol.org/pages/4414
Citrus clementina hort. ex Tanaka
citrus clementina
citrus reticulata cv. clementine
clementine plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:316913
LANGUAL:B1752
Perideridia oregana (S. Watson) Mathias
epos root
perideridia oregana
squaw potato
eppaw plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1753
shellie bean
green bean and pinto bean plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13752
GRIN:80009
ITIS:35392
LANGUAL:B1754
MANSFELD:2570
PLANTS:VALO
http://eol.org/pages/467207
Valerianella locusta (L.) Lat.
Valerianella locusta (L.) Laterr.
common cornsalad
cornsalad
european cornsalad
valerianella locusta
lamb's lettuce plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1755
http://eol.org/pages/5361
carangidae
jack family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:570
FAO ASFIS:EET
ITIS:167695
LANGUAL:B1756
http://eol.org/pages/212570
Epinephelus itajara
Epinephelus itajara (Lichtenstein, 1822)
epinephelus itajara
jewfish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:572
FAO ASFIS:GPR
ITIS:167702
LANGUAL:B1757
http://eol.org/pages/212571
Epinephelus morio
Epinephelus morio (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828)
Epinephelus morio (Valenciennes, 1828)
epinephelus morio
red grouper as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:EPR
ITIS:167737
LANGUAL:B1758
http://eol.org/pages/204319
Epinephelus areolatus
Epinephelus areolatus (Forsskål, 1775)
epinephelus areolatus
persian grouper as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:EPT
ITIS:167708
LANGUAL:B1759
http://eol.org/pages/2793715
Epinephelus tauvina
Epinephelus tauvina (Forsskål, 1775)
epinephelus tauvina
tauvina grouper
greasy rockcod as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:591
FAO ASFIS:BAJ
ITIS:167951
LANGUAL:B1760
http://eol.org/pages/204582
Lateolabrax japonicus
Lateolabrax japonicus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828)
Lateolabrax japonicus (Cuvier, 1828)
lateolabrax japonicus
sea bass, japanese
japan sea bass as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:167835
LANGUAL:B1761
http://eol.org/pages/1157259
Paralabrax callaensis
Paralabrax callaensis Starks, 1906
paralabrax callaensis
sea bass, peruvian
peruvian sea bass as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:560
FAO ASFIS:BSZ
ITIS:167953
LANGUAL:B1762
http://eol.org/pages/205716
Acanthistius brasilianus
Acanthistius brasilianus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828)
Acanthistius brasilianus (Cuvier, 1828)
acanthistius brasilianus
sea bass, argentine
argentine sea bass as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:298
FAO ASFIS:FBM
ITIS:163666
LANGUAL:B1763
http://eol.org/pages/205715
Abramis brama
Abramis brama (Linnaeus, 1758)
abramis brama
bream as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:589
FAO ASFIS:ROY
ITIS:167682
LANGUAL:B1764
http://eol.org/pages/204284
Morone chrysops
Morone chrysops (Rafinesque 1820)
Morone chrysops (Rafinesque, 1820)
bass, white
morone chrysops
white bass as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:584
FAO ASFIS:TEJ
ITIS:167918
LANGUAL:B1765
http://eol.org/pages/209697
Stereolepis gigas
Stereolepis gigas Ayres, 1859
sea bass, giant
stereolepis gigas
giant sea bass as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SFW
ITIS:166729
LANGUAL:B1766
http://eol.org/pages/211616
Sebastes miniatus
Sebastes miniatus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)
Sebastes miniatus (Jordan and Gilbert, 1880)
rockfish, vermilion
sebastes miniatus
vermilion rockfish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:166754
LANGUAL:B1767
http://eol.org/pages/207356
Sebastes levis
Sebastes levis (Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1889)
sebastes levis
cowcod as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:REN
ITIS:166774
LANGUAL:B1768
http://eol.org/pages/209603
Sebastes fasciatus
Sebastes fasciatus Storer 1856
Sebastes fasciatus Storer, 1854
redfish, labrador
sebastes fasciatus
labrador redfish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SGO
FDA RFE 2010:71
ITIS:166722
LANGUAL:B1769
http://eol.org/pages/207353
Sebastes goodei
Sebastes goodei (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890)
Sebastes goodei (Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890)
sebastes goodei
chilipepper (fish) as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:RMG
ITIS:166727
LANGUAL:B1770
http://eol.org/pages/209605
Sebastes melanops
Sebastes melanops Girard, 1856
rockfish, black
sebastes melanops
black rockfish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SED
ITIS:166763
LANGUAL:B1771
http://eol.org/pages/207360
Sebastes serranoides
Sebastes serranoides (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890)
Sebastes serranoides (Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890)
rockfish, olive
sebastes serranoides
olive rockfish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:166761
LANGUAL:B1772
http://eol.org/pages/211627
Sebastes rufus
Sebastes rufus (Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890)
rockfish, bank
sebastes rufus
bank rockfish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:RRV
FDA RFE 2010:77
ITIS:166740
LANGUAL:B1773
http://eol.org/pages/203887
Sebastes ruberrimus
Sebastes ruberrimus (Cramer, 1895)
Sebastes ruberrimus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1883)
rockfish, yelloweye
sebastes ruberrimus
yelloweye rockfish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SPG
FDA RFE 2010:75
ITIS:166734
LANGUAL:B1774
http://eol.org/pages/211620
Sebastes pinniger
Sebastes pinniger (Gill, 1864)
rockfish, canary
sebastes pinniger
canary rockfish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:166757
LANGUAL:B1775
http://eol.org/pages/211618
Sebastes ovalis
Sebastes ovalis (Ayres, 1862)
rockfish, speckled
sebastes ovalis
speckled rockfish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1061
FAO ASFIS:WRO
FDA RFE 2010:69
ITIS:166719
LANGUAL:B1776
http://eol.org/pages/994488
Sebastes entomelas
Sebastes entomelas (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)
Sebastes entomelas (Jordan and Gilbert, 1880)
rockfish, widow
sebastes entomelas
widow rockfish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1062
FAO ASFIS:YRO
FDA RFE 2010:70
ITIS:166720
LANGUAL:B1777
http://eol.org/pages/994489
Sebastes flavidus
Sebastes flavidus (Ayres, 1862)
rockfish, yellowtail
sebastes flavidus
yellowtail rockfish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:627
FAO ASFIS:RUB
ITIS:168612
LANGUAL:B1778
http://eol.org/pages/224449
Caranx crysos
Caranx crysos (Mitchill, 1815)
caranx crysos
caranx fusus
blue runner as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:654
FAO ASFIS:POM
ITIS:168708
LANGUAL:B1780
http://eol.org/pages/210301
Trachinotus carolinus
Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus, 1766)
common pompano
trachinotus carolinus
florida pompano as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1782
http://eol.org/pages/5287
mugilidae
mullet family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:537
FAO ASFIS:MUF
ITIS:170335
LANGUAL:B1783
http://eol.org/pages/206857
Mugil cephalus
Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758
mugil cephalus
mullet, striped
striped mullet as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:MMW
ITIS:170339
LANGUAL:B1784
http://eol.org/pages/356292
Mugil trichodon Poey, 1875
mugil trichodon
mullet, fantail
fantail mullet as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:170337
LANGUAL:B1785
http://eol.org/pages/5287
Mugil gaimardianus
Mugil gaimardianus Desmarest in Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1831
mugil gaimardianus
mullet, redeye
redeye mullet as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:MGU
ITIS:170336
LANGUAL:B1786
http://eol.org/pages/344849
Mugil curema
Mugil curema Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1836
Mugil curema Valenciennes, 1836
blueback mullet
mugil curema
mullet, white
white mullet as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:953
FAO ASFIS:FRI
ITIS:172456
ITIS:613019
ITIS:613020
LANGUAL:B1787
http://eol.org/pages/215170
Auxis thazard
Auxis thazard (Lacepède, 1800)
Auxis thazard (Lacépède, 1800)
Auxis thazard brachydorax Collette and Aadland, 1996
Auxis thazard thazard (Lacepède, 1800)
auxis thazard
tuna, frigate
frigate tuna as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SMQ
ITIS:692068
LANGUAL:B1788
http://eol.org/pages/212214
Scorpaenichthys marmoratus
Scorpaenichthys marmoratus (Ayres, 1854)
scorpaenichthys marmoratus
cabezon as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1789
Cottidae
cottidae
sculpin family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:973
FAO ASFIS:MAC
ITIS:172414
LANGUAL:B1790
http://eol.org/pages/206785
Scomber scombrus
Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758
mackerel, atlantic
scomber scombrus
atlantic mackerel as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:968
FAO ASFIS:BEP
FDA RFE 2010:59
ITIS:172408
ITIS:613015
ITIS:613016
LANGUAL:B1791
http://eol.org/pages/208607
Sarda chiliensis
Sarda chiliensis (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1832)
Sarda chiliensis (Cuvier, 1832)
Sarda chiliensis (Cuvier, I831)
Sarda chiliensis chiliensis (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1832)
Sarda chiliensis lineolata (Girard, 1858)
bonito, pacific
eastern pacific bonito
sarda chiliensis
pacific bonito as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:970
FAO ASFIS:BON
ITIS:172409
LANGUAL:B1792
http://eol.org/pages/356355
Sarda sarda
Sarda sarda (Bloch, 1793)
bonito, atlantic
pelamys sardis
sarda sarda
scomber mediterraneus
scomber palamitus
atlantic bonito as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SIE
FDA RFE 2010:62
ITIS:172440
LANGUAL:B1793
http://eol.org/pages/222540
Scomberomorus sierra
Scomberomorus sierra Jordan & Starks, 1895
Scomberomorus sierra Jordan and Starks in Jordan, 1895
scomberomorus sierra
sierra, pacific
pacific sierra as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1794
paralonchurus spp.
croaker as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:730
FAO ASFIS:CKA
ITIS:169283
LANGUAL:B1795
http://eol.org/pages/994841
Micropogonias undulatus
Micropogonias undulatus (Linnaeus, 1766)
croaker, atlantic
micropogonias undulatus
atlantic croaker as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:707
FAO ASFIS:AGR
ITIS:169364
LANGUAL:B1796
http://eol.org/pages/993240
Aplodinotus grunniens
Aplodinotus grunniens Rafinesque 1819
Aplodinotus grunniens Rafinesque, 1819
aplodinotus grunniens
gaspergou
freshwater drum as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:734
FAO ASFIS:PDR
ITIS:169348
LANGUAL:B1797
http://eol.org/pages/5211
Paralonchurus peruanus
Paralonchurus peruanus (Steindachner, 1875)
paralonchurus peruanus
peruvian croaker as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1798
lutjanidae
snapper family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LJU
ITIS:168852
LANGUAL:B1799
http://eol.org/pages/216387
Lutjanus buccanella
Lutjanus buccanella (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828)
Lutjanus buccanella (Cuvier, 1828)
lutjanus buccanella
snapper, blackfin
blackfin snapper as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LTJ
FDA RFE 2010:35
ITIS:168861
LANGUAL:B1800
http://eol.org/pages/208595
Lutjanus vivanus
Lutjanus vivanus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828)
Lutjanus vivanus (Cuvier, 1828)
lutjanus vivanus
snapper, silk
silk snapper as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:681
FAO ASFIS:HUS
ITIS:168851
LANGUAL:B1801
http://eol.org/pages/221723
Lutjanus argentiventris
Lutjanus argentiventris (Peters, 1869)
lutjanus argentiventris
snapper, amarillo
amarillo snapper as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LJN
ITIS:168849
LANGUAL:B1802
http://eol.org/pages/205784
Lutjanus analis
Lutjanus analis (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828)
Lutjanus analis (Cuvier, 1828)
lutjanus analis
snapper, mutton
mutton snapper as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LJS
ITIS:168856
LANGUAL:B1803
http://eol.org/pages/212586
Lutjanus guttatus
Lutjanus guttatus (Steindachner, 1869)
lutjanus guttatus
snapper, spotted rose
spotted rose snapper as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LJC
ITIS:168867
LANGUAL:B1804
http://eol.org/pages/207856
Lutjanus colorado
Lutjanus colorado Jordan & Gilbert, 1882
Lutjanus colorado Jordan and Gilbert, 1882
lutjanus colorado
snapper, colorado
colorado snapper as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:MAL
ITIS:168870
LANGUAL:B1805
http://eol.org/pages/204627
Lutjanus malabaricus
Lutjanus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Lutjanus malabaricus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
lutjanus malabaricus
snapper, malabar red
malabar snapper as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LJG
ITIS:168866
LANGUAL:B1806
http://eol.org/pages/214442
Lutjanus gibbus
Lutjanus gibbus (Forsskål, 1775)
lutjanus gibbus
snapper, humpback
humpback snapper as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:ESZ
ITIS:167125
LANGUAL:B1807
http://eol.org/pages/994967
Erilepis zonifer
Erilepis zonifer (Lockington, 1880)
erilepis zonifer
skilfish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1808
http://eol.org/pages/5203
sparidae
porgy family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1809
http://eol.org/pages/5268
percophidae
flathead family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1810
http://eol.org/pages/5258
pomatomidae
bluefish family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1811
http://eol.org/pages/5138
hexagrammidae
greenling family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1812
http://eol.org/pages/5317
haemulidae
sweetlip
grunt family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1813
http://eol.org/pages/5317
Haemulon Cuvier, 1829
haemulon spp.
tomtate
grunt as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:IAG
ITIS:646585
LANGUAL:B1814
http://eol.org/pages/216364
Cilus gilberti
Cilus gilberti (Abbott 1899)
Cilus gilberti (Abbott, 1899)
chilean grunt
cilus gilberti
corvina
chilean croaker as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FDA RFE 2010:12
ITIS:169231
LANGUAL:B1815
http://eol.org/pages/344840
Chrysophrys auratus
Chrysophrys auratus (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
australia red seabream
chrysophrys auratus
porgy, red hawaiian
red hawaiian porgy as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1816
http://eol.org/pages/5379
anarhichadidae
wolffish family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:906
FAO ASFIS:CAA
FDA RFE 2010:2
ITIS:171341
LANGUAL:B1817
http://eol.org/pages/222376
Anarhichas lupus
Anarhichas lupus Linnaeus, 1758
anarhichas lupus
wolffish, atlantic
atlantic wolffish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1818
http://eol.org/pages/5358
centrarchidae
sunfish family as food source
The black crappie, Pomoxis nigromaculatus (Lesueur, 1829), is very similar to P. annularis in size, shape, and habits, except that it is darker, with a pattern of black spots. The black crappie has 7-8 spines on its dorsal fin. The number of spines on the dorsal fin, is occasionally the only way to differeniate between a juvenile black crappie and a white crappie. The black crappie tends to prefer clearer water than the white crappie does. Its native range is uncertain, since it has been so widely transplanted, but it is presumed to be similar to the white crappie's. The black crappie is also known as the strawberry bass or Oswego bass. (
WIKIPEDIA:White_crappie)
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:597
FAO ASFIS:PXG
ITIS:168167
LANGUAL:B1819
http://eol.org/pages/225242
Pomoxis nigromaculatus
Pomoxis nigromaculatus (Lesueur in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829)
Pomoxis nigromaculatus (Lesueur, 1829)
crappie, black
pomoxis nigromaculatus
black crappie as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1820
http://eol.org/pages/5322
cutlassfish family
gempylidae
snake mackerel family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LEC
FDA RFE 2010:27
ITIS:172362
LANGUAL:B1821
http://eol.org/pages/212279
Lepidocybium flavobrunneum
Lepidocybium flavobrunneum (Smith, 1843)
lepidocybium flavobrunneum
escolar as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1822
http://eol.org/pages/5144
cyclopteridae
snailfish family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1093
FAO ASFIS:LUM
ITIS:167612
LANGUAL:B1823
http://eol.org/pages/1011820
Cyclopterus lumpus
Cyclopterus lumpus Linnaeus, 1758
cyclopterus lumpus
lumpsucker
lumpfish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1824
http://eol.org/pages/5355
centropomidae
snook family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:555
FAO ASFIS:SNO
ITIS:167648
LANGUAL:B1825
http://eol.org/pages/205157
Centropomus undecimalis
Centropomus undecimalis (Bloch, 1792)
centropomus undecimalis
common snook as food source
Esox is a genus of freshwater fish, the only living genus in the family *Esocidae* the esocids which were endemic to North America, Europe and Eurasia during the Paleogene through present.
WIKIPEDIA:Esocidae
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1826
http://eol.org/pages/5509
esocidae
pike family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1827
http://eol.org/pages/5200
stromateidae
butterfish family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1829
http://eol.org/pages/5202
sphyraenidae
barracuda family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1830
http://eol.org/pages/5381
ammodytidae
sand lance family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1831
http://eol.org/pages/5344
cichlidae
cichlid family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:OEA
ITIS:553308
LANGUAL:B1832
http://eol.org/pages/2798107
Oreochromis aureus
Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner, 1864)
oreochromis aureus
tilapia aurea
tilapia, blue
blue tilapia as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:823
FAO ASFIS:TLM
FDA RFE 2010:46
ITIS:170015
LANGUAL:B1833
http://eol.org/pages/356342
Oreochromis mossambicus
Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852)
oreochromis mossambicus
tilapia mossambica
tilapia, mozambique
mozambique tilapia as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:824
FAO ASFIS:TLN
FDA RFE 2010:47
ITIS:553310
LANGUAL:B1834
http://eol.org/pages/356343
Oreochromis niloticus
Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Oreochromis niloticus Trewavas 1983
oreochromis niloticus
tilapia nilotica
tilapia, nile
nile tilapia as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1835
http://eol.org/pages/5503
gadidae
cod family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:452
FAO ASFIS:POS
ITIS:164775
LANGUAL:B1836
http://eol.org/pages/338209
Micromesistius australis
Micromesistius australis Norman, 1937
micromesistius australis
whiting, southern blue
southern blue whiting as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:453
FAO ASFIS:WHB
ITIS:164774
LANGUAL:B1837
http://eol.org/pages/211404
Micromesistius poutassou
Micromesistius poutassou (Risso, 1826)
Micromesistius poutassou (Risso, 1827)
micromesistius poutassou
poutassou
blue whiting as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:GRN
ITIS:623193
LANGUAL:B1838
http://eol.org/pages/212898
Macruronus novaezelandiae
Macruronus novaezelandiae (Hector 1871)
Macruronus novaezelandiae (Hector, 1871)
macruronus novaezelandiae
hoki as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:470
FAO ASFIS:HKW
FDA RFE 2010:92
ITIS:164732
LANGUAL:B1840
http://eol.org/pages/210308
Urophycis tenuis
Urophycis tenuis (Mitchill, 1814)
hake, white
urophycis tenuis
white hake as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:440
FAO ASFIS:PCO
FDA RFE 2010:17
ITIS:164711
LANGUAL:B1841
http://eol.org/pages/206691
Gadus macrocephalus
Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius, 1810
cod, pacific
gadus macrocephalus
pacific cod as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:441
FAO ASFIS:COD
FDA RFE 2010:18
ITIS:164712
LANGUAL:B1842
http://eol.org/pages/206692
Gadus morhua
Gadus morhua Linnaeus, 1758
cod, atlantic
gadus morhua
atlantic cod as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:464
FAO ASFIS:ALK
FDA RFE 2010:88
ITIS:164722
LANGUAL:B1843
http://eol.org/pages/5503
Theragra chalcogramma
Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas 1814)
Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas, 1811)
Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas, 1814)
theragra chalcogramma
walleye pollock
alaska pollock as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1844
http://eol.org/pages/5410
ophidiidae
cusk-eel family as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:912
FAO ASFIS:OPT
LANGUAL:B1845
http://eol.org/pages/5185
Macrozoarces americanus (Bloch & Schneider 1801)
Macrozoarces americanus (Schneider, 1801)
macrozoarces americanus
ocean pout as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1846
http://eol.org/pages/5185
zoarcidae
eelpout family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:162
FAO ASFIS:MHG
ITIS:161734
LANGUAL:B1848
http://eol.org/pages/225829
Brevoortia patronus
Brevoortia patronus Goode, 1878
brevoortia patronus
menhaden, gulf
gulf menhaden as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:164
FAO ASFIS:MHA
ITIS:161732
LANGUAL:B1849
http://eol.org/pages/213696
Brevoortia tyrannus
Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe, 1802)
brevoortia tyrannus
menhaden, atlantic
atlantic menhaden as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:161745
LANGUAL:B1850
http://eol.org/pages/219520
Etrumeus micropus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846)
etrumeus micropus
herring, round
pacific round herring as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:184
FAO ASFIS:THA
ITIS:161748
LANGUAL:B1851
http://eol.org/pages/213022
Opisthonema oglinum
Opisthonema oglinum (Lesueur 1818)
Opisthonema oglinum (Lesueur, 1818)
opisthonema oglinum
thread herring, atlantic
atlantic thread herring as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:152
FAO ASFIS:BBH
ITIS:161703
LANGUAL:B1852
http://eol.org/pages/343491
Alosa aestivalis
Alosa aestivalis (Mitchill, 1814)
alosa aestivalis
blueback shad
herring, blueback
pomolobus aestivalis
blueback herring as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:187
FAO ASFIS:PIL
ITIS:161813
LANGUAL:B1853
http://eol.org/pages/213922
Sardina pilchardus
Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792)
european pilchard
european sardine
sardina pilchardus
sardine
european sardine as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1854
http://eol.org/pages/3191
engraulidae
anchovy food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:217
FAO ASFIS:NPA
ITIS:161828
LANGUAL:B1855
http://eol.org/pages/207207
Engraulis mordax
Engraulis mordax Girard, 1854
Engraulis mordax Girard, 1856
anchovy, northern
californian anchoveta
engraulis mordax
north pacific anchovy
northern anchovy as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1856
http://eol.org/pages/5173
pleuronectidae
righteye flounder family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:CUB
ITIS:165003
LANGUAL:B1857
http://eol.org/pages/1004130
Genypterus maculatus
Genypterus maculatus (Tschudi 1846)
Genypterus maculatus (Tschudi, 1846)
black cusk-eel
genypterus maculatus
kingklip, black
black kingklip as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:916
FAO ASFIS:CUS
ITIS:165000
LANGUAL:B1858
http://eol.org/pages/218108
Genypterus blacodes (Forster 1801)
Genypterus blacodes (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
Genypterus blacodes (Schneider, 1801)
genypterus blacodes
kingklip, golden
golden kingklip as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:918
FAO ASFIS:CUC
ITIS:165002
LANGUAL:B1859
http://eol.org/pages/1004129
Genypterus chilensis
Genypterus chilensis (Guichenot 1848)
Genypterus chilensis (Guichenot, 1848)
genypterus chilensis
kingklip, red
red cusk-eel
red kingklip as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:EOR
ITIS:172911
LANGUAL:B1860
http://eol.org/pages/222399
Limanda proboInOwlscidea
Limanda proboInOwlscidea Gilbert 1896
Limanda proboInOwlscidea Gilbert, 1896
dab, longhead
limanda proboInOwlscidea
longhead dab as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1131
FAO ASFIS:PLE
ITIS:172902
LANGUAL:B1861
http://eol.org/pages/208483
Pleuronectes platessa
Pleuronectes platessa Linnaeus, 1758
plaice, european
pleuronectes platessa
european plaice as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1118
FAO ASFIS:PLA
ITIS:172877
LANGUAL:B1862
http://eol.org/pages/211041
Hippoglossoides platessoides
Hippoglossoides platessoides (Fabricius, 1780)
hippoglossoides platessoides
plaice, american
american plaice as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1113
FAO ASFIS:EOJ
FDA RFE 2010:15
ITIS:172868
LANGUAL:B1863
http://eol.org/pages/211922
Eopsetta jordani
Eopsetta jordani (Lockington, 1879)
eopsetta jordani
sole, petrale
petrale sole as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1115
FAO ASFIS:GLZ
FDA RFE 2010:20
ITIS:172978
LANGUAL:B1864
http://eol.org/pages/214299
Glyptocephalus zachirus
Glyptocephalus zachirus Lockington, 1879
glyptocephalus zachirus
rex sole as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LYW
ITIS:172871
LANGUAL:B1865
http://eol.org/pages/995149
Lyopsetta exilis
Lyopsetta exilis (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)
Lyopsetta exilis (Jordan and Gilbert, 1880)
lyopsetta exilis
sole, slender
slender sole as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1111
FAO ASFIS:ARF
FDA RFE 2010:55
ITIS:616029
LANGUAL:B1866
http://eol.org/pages/203944
Atheresthes stomias (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)
Atheresthes stomias (Jordan and Gilbert, 1880)
Reinhardtius stomias
Reinhardtius stomias (Jordan and Gilbert, 1880)
atheresthes stomias
arrowtooth flounder as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1114
FAO ASFIS:WIT
FDA RFE 2010:19
ITIS:172873
LANGUAL:B1867
http://eol.org/pages/216879
Glyptocephalus cynoglossus
Glyptocephalus cynoglossus (Linnaeus, 1758)
glyptocephalus cynoglossus
sole, gray
witch flounder
gray sole as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1121
FAO ASFIS:ROS
ITIS:172917
LANGUAL:B1868
http://eol.org/pages/225787
Lepidopsetta bilineata
Lepidopsetta bilineata (Ayres 1855)
Lepidopsetta bilineata (Ayres, 1855)
lepidopsetta bilineata
sole, rock
rock sole as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:ISI
ITIS:172919
LANGUAL:B1869
http://eol.org/pages/995111
Isopsetta isolepis
Isopsetta isolepis (Lockington, 1880)
isopsetta isolepis
pleuronectes isolepis
sole, butter
butter sole as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:YSE
ITIS:172928
LANGUAL:B1870
http://eol.org/pages/210792
Psettichthys melanostictus
Psettichthys melanostictus Girard, 1854
fringe sole
psettichthys melanostictus
sole, sand
sand sole as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1117
FAO ASFIS:FTS
ITIS:172875
LANGUAL:B1871
http://eol.org/pages/206714
Hippoglossoides elassodon
Hippoglossoides elassodon Jordan & Gilbert, 1880
Hippoglossoides elassodon Jordan and Gilbert, 1880
hippoglossoides elassodon
sole, flathead
flathead sole as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1123
FAO ASFIS:YEL
FDA RFE 2010:28
ITIS:172909
LANGUAL:B1872
http://eol.org/pages/205418
Limanda ferruginea
Limanda ferruginea (Storer, 1839)
flounder, yellowtail
limanda ferruginea
yellowtail flounder as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1100
FAO ASFIS:HAI
ITIS:172706
LANGUAL:B1873
http://eol.org/pages/204502
Psettodes erumei
Psettodes erumei (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Psettodes erumei (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
flounder, indian ocean
indian halibut
psettodes erumei
indian ocean flounder as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1130
FAO ASFIS:PWQ
FDA RFE 2010:51
ITIS:172893
LANGUAL:B1874
http://eol.org/pages/214641
Platichthys stellatus
Platichthys stellatus (Pallas, 1787)
Platichthys stellatus (Pallas, 1788)
flounder, starry
platichthys stellatus
starry flounder as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1110
FAO ASFIS:KAF
ITIS:616027
LANGUAL:B1875
http://eol.org/pages/340189
Atheresthes evermanni Jordan & Starks 1904
Atheresthes evermanni Jordan and Starks, 1904
Reinhardtius evermanni
Reinhardtius evermanni (Jordan and Starks, 1904)
atheresthes evermanni
flounder, kamchatka
kamchatka flounder as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1120
FAO ASFIS:HAP
ITIS:172932
LANGUAL:B1876
http://eol.org/pages/206715
Hippoglossus stenolepis
Hippoglossus stenolepis Schmidt, 1904
halibut, pacific
hippoglossus stenolepis
pacific halibut as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1119
FAO ASFIS:HAL
ITIS:172933
LANGUAL:B1877
http://eol.org/pages/206587
Hippoglossus hippoglossus
Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Linnaeus, 1758)
halibut, atlantic
hippoglossus hippoglossus
atlantic halibut as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1151
FAO ASFIS:SOL
ITIS:173001
LANGUAL:B1878
http://eol.org/pages/5169
Solea solea (Linnaeus, 1758)
Solea vulgaris
Solea vulgaris Quensel, 1806
sole, european
solea vulgaris
european dover sole as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1879
http://eol.org/pages/5174
bothidae
paralichthyidae
lefteye flounder family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:XYL
ITIS:172800
LANGUAL:B1880
http://eol.org/pages/210868
Xystreurys liolepis
Xystreurys liolepis Jordan & Gilbert, 1880
Xystreurys liolepis Jordan and Gilbert, 1880
sole, fantail
xystreurys liolepis
fantail sole as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:YSH
ITIS:172738
LANGUAL:B1881
http://eol.org/pages/206758
Paralichthys lethostigma
Paralichthys lethostigma Jordan & Gilbert, 1884
Paralichthys lethostigma Jordan and Gilbert, 1884
flounder, southern
paralichthys lethostigma
southern flounder as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:YSF
ITIS:172743
LANGUAL:B1882
http://eol.org/pages/217375
Paralichthys californicus
Paralichthys californicus (Ayres, 1859)
halibut, california
paralichthys californicus
california halibut as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1105
FAO ASFIS:FLS
ITIS:172735
LANGUAL:B1883
http://eol.org/pages/204043
Paralichthys dentatus
Paralichthys dentatus (Linnaeus, 1766)
flounder, summer
paralichthys dentatus
summer flounder as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1884
http://eol.org/pages/8277
atherinidae
silverside family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:ODR
ITIS:630683
LANGUAL:B1885
http://eol.org/pages/205948
Odontesthes regia
Odontesthes regia (Humboldt in Humboldt and Valenciennes, 1821)
Odontesthes regia (Humboldt, 1821)
argentine silverside
chilean silverside
odontesthes regia
silverside, south american
south american silverside as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1886
http://eol.org/pages/8245
exocoetidae
flyingfish family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1887
http://eol.org/pages/8246
belonidae
needlefish family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1888
http://eol.org/pages/8243
scomberesocidae
saury family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:416
FAO ASFIS:SAU
ITIS:165612
ITIS:645285
LANGUAL:B1889
http://eol.org/pages/993264
Scomberesox saurus
Scomberesox saurus (Walbaum, 1792)
Scomberesox saurus saurus (Walbaum, 1792)
Scomberesox saurus scombroides Richardson, 1843
saury, atlantic
scomberesox saurus
skipper (atlantic saury)
atlantic saury as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:414
FAO ASFIS:SAP
ITIS:165609
LANGUAL:B1890
http://eol.org/pages/215392
Cololabis saira
Cololabis saira (Brevoort, 1856)
cololabis saira
mackerel pike
saury, pacific
skipper (pacific saury)
pacific saury as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1891
http://eol.org/pages/1908
zeidae
dory family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1892
http://eol.org/pages/3196
catostomidae
sucker family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1893
http://eol.org/pages/5468
lepisosteidae
gar family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1894
http://eol.org/pages/5467
gars
lepisosteiformes
semionotiformes
fish, semionotiformes as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1895
http://eol.org/pages/1906
john dory
zeiformes
fish, zeiform as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1896
http://eol.org/pages/8301
polyodontidae
paddlefish family as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:STU
LANGUAL:B1897
http://eol.org/pages/8302
Acipenseridae
acipenseridae
sturgeon family as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8689
GRIN:10698
ITIS:524859
LANGUAL:B1898
MANSFELD:7666
PLANTS:CIAUB
http://eol.org/pages/4414
Citrus aurantium ssp. bergamia (Risso & Poit.) Wight & Arn. ex Engler
Citrus bergamia Risso & Poit.
Citrus ×aurantium L. ssp. bergamia (Risso & Poit.) Wight & Arn. ex Engl.
citrus aurantium bergamia
citrus bergamia
citrus ×aurantium
bergamot orange plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:380
FAO ASFIS:ITP
FDA RFE 2010:23
ITIS:163998
LANGUAL:B1899
http://eol.org/pages/204762
Ictalurus punctatus
Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque, 1818)
catfish, channel
ictalurus punctatus
channel catfish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:ITF
FDA RFE 2010:22
ITIS:163997
LANGUAL:B1900
http://eol.org/pages/995103
Ictalurus furcatus
Ictalurus furcatus (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840)
Ictalurus furcatus (Valenciennes, 1840)
catfish, blue
ictalurus furcatus
blue catfish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1901
http://eol.org/pages/5106
clariidae
labyrinth catfish family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:266
FAO ASFIS:CAP
ITIS:162035
LANGUAL:B1903
http://eol.org/pages/205084
Mallotus villosus
Mallotus villosus (Müller, 1776)
mallotus villosus
capelin as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1904
http://eol.org/pages/5399
osmeridae
smelt family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1905
http://eol.org/pages/5399
Osmerus mordax mordax (Mitchill, 1814)
osmerus mordax mordax
rainbow smelt
smelt, rainbow
LanguaL curation note: See remarks on *RAINBOW SMELT [B1905]*.
atlantic rainbow smelt as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:358
FAO ASFIS:FTE
ITIS:163348
LANGUAL:B1906
http://eol.org/pages/210300
Tinca tinca
Tinca tinca (Linnaeus, 1758)
tinca tinca
tench as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:230
FAO ASFIS:WHL
ITIS:161941
LANGUAL:B1907
http://eol.org/pages/211716
Coregonus clupeaformis
Coregonus clupeaformis (Mitchill, 1818)
coregonus clupeaformis
coregonus makwi
whitefish, lake
lake whitefish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1908
http://eol.org/pages/3198
Notropis Rafinesque, 1818
notropis spp.
shiner as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:226
FAO ASFIS:MIL
FDA RFE 2010:11
ITIS:162838
LANGUAL:B1909
http://eol.org/pages/224731
Chanos chanos
Chanos chanos (Forskal, 1775)
Chanos chanos (Forsskål, 1775)
chanos chanos
milkfish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:850
FAO ASFIS:TAK
ITIS:170262
LANGUAL:B1910
http://eol.org/pages/205589
Nemadactylus macropterus
Nemadactylus macropterus (Block and Schneider, 1801)
Nemadactylus macropterus (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
Nemadactylus macropterus (Forster, 1801)
jackass morwong
morwong, jackass
nemadactylus macropterus
tarakihi as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1911
http://eol.org/pages/8888
squaliformes
fish, squaliform as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1912
http://eol.org/pages/8895
dogfish sharks
spiny dogfishes
squalidae
dogfish shark family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:64
FAO ASFIS:DGS
ITIS:160617
LANGUAL:B1913
http://eol.org/pages/206805
Squalus acanthias
Squalus acanthias Linnaeus, 1758
dogfish, spiny
greyfish
piked dogfish
spiny dogfish
squalus acanthias
dogfish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1914
http://eol.org/pages/8897
squatinidae
angel shark family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1915
lamnidae
porbeagles
mackerel shark family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1916
http://eol.org/pages/1901
carcharhinidae
requiem shark family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:673
FAO ASFIS:DOL
FDA RFE 2010:13
ITIS:168791
LANGUAL:B1917
http://eol.org/pages/356300
Coryphaena hippurus
Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus, 1758
coryphaena hippurus
dorado
mahi mahi
dolphinfish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1918
http://eol.org/pages/5341
coryphaenidae
dolphinfish family as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:41645
ITIS:524854
LANGUAL:B1919
MANSFELD:27314
PLANTS:VIUNC2
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ssp. cylindrica (L.) Verdc.
Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica (L.) Verdc.
Vigna unguiculata subsp. cylindrica (L.) Verdc.
Vigna unguiculata unguiculata Biflora Group
bombay cowpea
catjang
catjang cowpea
catjung
dolichos unguiculata
vigna cylindrica
vigna unguiculata
catjang bean plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1920
mat bean
phaseolus aconitifolius
moth bean plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1921
http://eol.org/pages/3198
barbs
cyprinidae
minnow family
carp or minnow family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1922
http://eol.org/pages/24043
minnow
phoxinus spp.
redbelly dace as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1923
http://eol.org/pages/5292
branchiostegidae
malacanthidae
tilefish family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1924
http://eol.org/pages/5406
argentinidae
herring smelts
argentine family as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:354
FAO ASFIS:FRO
ITIS:163761
LANGUAL:B1925
http://eol.org/pages/205274
Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus, 1758)
rutilus rutilus
roach (fish) as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:971
FAO ASFIS:MAA
ITIS:172415
LANGUAL:B1926
http://eol.org/pages/206783
Scomber australasicus
Scomber australasicus Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1832
Scomber australasicus Cuvier, 1831
Scomber australasicus Cuvier, 1832
scomber antarcticus
scomber australasicus
scomber tapeinocephalus
spotted chub mackerel as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:642905
LANGUAL:B1927
http://eol.org/pages/1156477
Pampus cinereus
Pampus cinereus (Bloch, 1795)
pampus cinereus
stromateus cinereus
white pomfret as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:FLA
ITIS:630413
LANGUAL:B1928
http://eol.org/pages/203802
Percophis brasiliensis
Percophis brasiliensis Quoy & Gaimard 1825
Percophis brasiliensis Quoy and Gaimard, 1825
percophis brasiliensis
brazilian duckbill as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:671
FAO ASFIS:POA
ITIS:170290
LANGUAL:B1929
http://eol.org/pages/203869
Brama brama
Brama brama (Bonnaterre, 1788)
black sea bream
brama brama
brama raji
bream, black sea
pomfret, atlantic
ray's bream
atlantic pomfret as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:952
FAO ASFIS:BLT
ITIS:172455
ITIS:613017
LANGUAL:B1930
http://eol.org/pages/208081
Auxis rochei
Auxis rochei (Risso, 1810)
Auxis rochei eudorax Collette and Aadland, 1996
Auxis rochei rochei (Risso, 1810)
auxis bisus
auxis rochei
scomber rochei
bullet tuna as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LUB
ITIS:168894
LANGUAL:B1931
http://eol.org/pages/217110
Lutjanus sebae
Lutjanus sebae (Cuvier, 1816)
lutjanus sebae
emperor snapper as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:MED
ITIS:169280
LANGUAL:B1933
http://eol.org/pages/995161
Menticirrhus undulatus
Menticirrhus undulatus (Girard 1854)
Menticirrhus undulatus (Girard, 1854)
menticirrhus undulatus
california corbina as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1934
http://eol.org/pages/5343
cirrhitidae
hawkfish family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:558
FAO ASFIS:NIP
ITIS:167670
LANGUAL:B1935
http://eol.org/pages/204767
Lates niloticus
Lates niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)
lake victoria perch
lates niloticus
nile perch as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:853
FAO ASFIS:BMO
ITIS:170268
LANGUAL:B1936
http://eol.org/pages/1012817
Latridopsis ciliaris
Latridopsis ciliaris (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
Latridopsis ciliaris (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
Latridopsis ciliaris (Forster, 1801)
latridopsis ciliaris
moki
bastard trumpeter as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1938
http://eol.org/pages/5366
bramidae
castagnole
pomfret family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:PAO
ITIS:641991
LANGUAL:B1939
http://eol.org/pages/205256
Parona signata
Parona signata (Jenyns 1841)
Parona signata (Jenyns, 1841)
parona signata
argentine queenfish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1940
http://eol.org/pages/5375
arripidae
australian salmon family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:RUF
ITIS:168826
LANGUAL:B1941
http://eol.org/pages/203864
Arripis georgianus
Arripis georgianus (Valenciennes 1831)
Arripis georgianus (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1831)
arripis georgianus
australian ruff as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1942
http://eol.org/pages/8235
trachichthyidae
slimehead family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:CRR
ITIS:620992
LANGUAL:B1943
http://eol.org/pages/1037674
Chaceon quinquedens
Chaceon quinquedens (S. I. Smith, 1879)
Chaceon quinquedens (Smith 1879)
chaceon quinquedens
geryon quinquedens
red deepsea crab as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1279
FAO ASFIS:STC
ITIS:98811
LANGUAL:B1944
http://eol.org/pages/1021778
Menippe mercenaria
Menippe mercenaria (Say, 1818)
black stone crab
menippe
menippe mercenaria
stone crab
florida stone crab as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1343
FAO ASFIS:SCC
ITIS:79734
LANGUAL:B1945
http://eol.org/pages/448753
Argopecten gibbus
Argopecten gibbus (Linnaeus, 1758)
aequipecten gibbus
argopecten gibbus
calico scallop
pecten gibbus
atlantic calico scallop as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1350
FAO ASFIS:SCZ
LANGUAL:B1946
http://eol.org/pages/2249
Pecten novaezelandiae
Pecten novaezelandiae Reeve 1852
Pecten novaezelandiae Reeve, 1852
pecten novaezelandiae
new zealand commercial scallop as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1345
FAO ASFIS:ISC
ITIS:79619
LANGUAL:B1947
http://eol.org/pages/449763
Chlamys islandica
Chlamys islandica (Muller, 1776)
Chlamys islandica (Müller, 1776)
chlamys islandica
iceland scallop as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:NUV
ITIS:552982
LANGUAL:B1948
http://eol.org/pages/344165
Panulirus versicolor
Panulirus versicolor (Latreille, 1804)
painted crayfish
panulirus versicolor
painted spiny lobster as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1303
FAO ASFIS:LBA
ITIS:97314
LANGUAL:B1949
http://eol.org/pages/318853
Homarus americanus
Homarus americanus H. Milne Edwards, 1837
Homarus americanus Milne Edwards, 1837
homarus americanus
northern lobster
american lobster as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1304
FAO ASFIS:LBE
ITIS:97315
LANGUAL:B1950
http://eol.org/pages/1039672
Homarus gammarus
Homarus gammarus (Linnaeus, 1758)
astacus europaeus
astacus marinus
cancer gammarus
homarus gammarus
homarus marinus
homarus vulgaris
european lobster as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1334
FAO ASFIS:OYA
ITIS:79872
LANGUAL:B1951
http://eol.org/pages/449554
Crassostrea virginica
Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791)
american cupped oyster
american oyster
blue point oyster
crassostrea virginica
eastern oyster as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:KOL
LANGUAL:B1952
http://eol.org/pages/2248
Crassostrea glomerata
Saccostrea glomerata (Gould, 1850)
auckland oyster
crassostrea glomerata
saccostrea glomerata
new zealand rock oyster as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1190
FAO ASFIS:KRI
ITIS:95514
LANGUAL:B1954
http://eol.org/pages/509426
Euphausia superba Dana, 1852
euphausia spp.
euphausia superba
krill, antarctic
antarctic krill as food source
WIKIPEDIA:Concholepas_concholepas
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SNE
LANGUAL:B1955
http://eol.org/pages/2567539
Concholepas concholepas
Concholepas concholepas (Bruguiere 1789)
concholepas concholepas
false abalone
liparis spp.
locos
sea snail as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1306
FAO ASFIS:NEP
ITIS:97317
LANGUAL:B1956
http://eol.org/pages/128512
Nephrops norvegicus
Nephrops norvegicus (Linnaeus, 1758)
nephrops norvegicus
scampi
norway lobster as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:PNB
ITIS:551571
LANGUAL:B1957
http://eol.org/pages/1021950
Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis
Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis (Latreille, 1817)
Penaeus brasiliensis Latreille, 1817
farfantepenaeus brasiliensis
penaeus brasiliensis
pinkspotted shrimp as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1338
FAO ASFIS:OFO
ITIS:79883
LANGUAL:B1958
http://eol.org/pages/449515
Ostrea lurida
Ostrea lurida Carpenter
Ostrea lurida Carpenter, 1864
ostrea lurida
western oyster
yaquina oyster
olympia flat oyster as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1376
FAO ASFIS:CLB
ITIS:80944
LANGUAL:B1959
http://eol.org/pages/448794
Spisula solidissima
Spisula solidissima (Dillwyn, 1817)
bar clam
sea clam
spisula solidissima
surf clam
atlantic surfclam as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1276
FAO ASFIS:CRE
ITIS:98681
LANGUAL:B1960
http://eol.org/pages/1022230
Cancer pagurus
Cancer pagurus Linnaeus, 1758
cancer pagurus
edible crab
edible rock crab as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:HBZ
ITIS:98665
LANGUAL:B1961
http://eol.org/pages/128603
Erimacrus isenbeckii
Erimacrus isenbeckii (Brandt, 1848)
erimacrus isenbeckii
hair crab
kegani crab as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:MUZ
LANGUAL:B1963
http://eol.org/pages/2235
Perna canaliculus
Perna canaliculus (Gmelin 1791)
green-lipped mussel
perna canaliculus
new zealand green mussel as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:AKK
ITIS:80930
LANGUAL:B1964
http://eol.org/pages/2278
Acanthocardia aculeata
Acanthocardia aculeata (Linnaeus, 1758)
acanthocardia aculeata
cardium aculeata
cardium echinatum
spiny cockle as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:190
FAO ASFIS:IOS
ITIS:551453
LANGUAL:B1966
http://eol.org/pages/1000282
Sardinella longiceps
Sardinella longiceps Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1847
Sardinella longiceps Valenciennes, 1847
sardinella longiceps
tamban
oil sardine as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1968
http://eol.org/pages/1858
rajiformes
fish, rajiform as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1969
http://eol.org/pages/5091
pimelodidae
long whiskered catfish family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1224
FAO ASFIS:PRA
ITIS:96967
LANGUAL:B1970
http://eol.org/pages/318602
Pandalus borealis
Pandalus borealis Kroyer, 1838
Pandalus borealis Krøyer, 1838
cold-water prawn
coldwater prawn
deepwater prawn
pandalus borealis
northern shrimp as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1134
FAO ASFIS:FLW
FDA RFE 2010:54
ITIS:172905
LANGUAL:B1971
http://eol.org/pages/220101
Pseudopleuronectes americanus
Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Walbaum, 1792)
Pseudopleuronectes americanus Walbaum, 1792
pleuronectes americanus
pseudopleuronectes americanus
blackback flounder as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:130
FAO ASFIS:AAM
ITIS:161067
LANGUAL:B1972
http://eol.org/pages/206886
Acipenser medirostris
Acipenser medirostris Ayres, 1854
acipenser medirostris
green sturgeon as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:136
FAO ASFIS:APN
ITIS:161068
LANGUAL:B1973
http://eol.org/pages/223783
Acipenser transmontanus
Acipenser transmontanus Richardson, 1836
acipenser transmontanus
white sturgeon as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:195
FAO ASFIS:JAP
ITIS:551222
LANGUAL:B1974
http://eol.org/pages/2776999
Sardinops melanostictus
Sardinops melanostictus (Schlegel, 1846)
Sardinops melanostictus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
Sardinops melanostictus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846)
sardinops melanostictus
sardinops sagax melanosticta
japanese pilchard as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:MJC
ITIS:172890
LANGUAL:B1975
http://eol.org/pages/205412
Microstomus achne
Microstomus achne (Jordan & Starks 1904)
Microstomus achne (Jordan and Starks, 1904)
microstomus achne
slime flounder as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1976
http://eol.org/pages/8885
rajidae
skate family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1977
fish, tetraodontiform as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:22
FAO ASFIS:POR
ITIS:159911
LANGUAL:B1978
http://eol.org/pages/205461
Lamna nasus
Lamna nasus (Bonnaterre, 1788)
lamna cornubica
lamna nasus
porbeagle as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1331
FAO ASFIS:OYG
ITIS:79868
LANGUAL:B1979
http://eol.org/pages/451579
Crassostrea gigas
Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793)
crassostrea angulata
crassostrea gigas
pacific cupped oyster
pacific oyster
portuguese cupped oyster
portuguese oyster
pacific giant oyster as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:183
FAO ASFIS:THP
ITIS:161750
LANGUAL:B1980
http://eol.org/pages/222131
Opisthonema libertate
Opisthonema libertate (Günther 1867)
Opisthonema libertate (Günther, 1867)
opisthonema libertate
opisthonema oblieri
deepbody thread herring as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LWQ
ITIS:550941
LANGUAL:B1981
http://eol.org/pages/344908
Lutjanus quinquelineatus
Lutjanus quinquelineatus (Bloch, 1790)
Lutjanus quinquelineatus Bloch, 1970
lutjanus quinquelineatus
five-lined snapper as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LJL
ITIS:168888
LANGUAL:B1982
http://eol.org/pages/596447
Lutjanus lutjanus
Lutjanus lutjanus Bloch, 1790
lutjanus lutjanus
gold-striped snapper as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1983
http://eol.org/pages/8234
beryciformes
fish, beryciform as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1984
sardinops ocellatus
south african pilchard as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1986
http://eol.org/pages/7161
clawed lobsters
nephropidae
clawed lobster family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1988
http://eol.org/pages/5299
latridae
latrididae
trumpeter family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:578
FAO ASFIS:WHA
ITIS:167915
LANGUAL:B1989
http://eol.org/pages/205262
Polyprion oxygeneios
Polyprion oxygeneios (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
Polyprion oxygeneios (Schneider & Forster, 1801)
Polyprion oxygeneios (Schneider and Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
polyprion oxygeneios
groper as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1990
http://eol.org/pages/5056
tetraodontidae
pufferfish family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1993
http://eol.org/pages/8916
protopteridae
african lungfish family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1994
http://eol.org/pages/8914
lepidosireniformes
fish, lepidosireniform as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:MOU
ITIS:169467
LANGUAL:B1995
http://eol.org/pages/206099
Monodactylus argenteus (Linnaeus, 1758)
monodactylus argenteus
silver moonfish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1996
http://eol.org/pages/5289
fingerfish family
monodactylidae
moonfish family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1997
http://eol.org/pages/7208
scyllaridae
slipper lobsters
slipper lobster family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1998
decapoda
decapod as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B1999
phaseolus vulgaris
pink bean
small white bean
yellow bean
common bean plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:CDJ
ITIS:172864
LANGUAL:B2000
http://eol.org/pages/212956
Clidoderma asperrimum
Clidoderma asperrimum (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
Clidoderma asperrimum (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846)
clidoderma asperrimum
roughscale flounder as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13867
GRIN:41879
ITIS:28608
LANGUAL:B2001
PLANTS:VILA8
http://eol.org/pages/582348
Vitis labrusca L.
fox grape
vitis labrusca
vitis labruscana
grape, fox (plant) as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2002
agave americana
agave atrovirens
american aloe
maguey
century plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SAA
ITIS:161763
LANGUAL:B2003
http://eol.org/pages/1000279
Sardinella aurita
Sardinella aurita Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1847
Sardinella aurita Valenciennes, 1847
sardine, spanish
sardinella anchovia
sardinella aurita
spanish sardine as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2004
Percidae
percidae
true perch
perch family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2005
http://eol.org/pages/5211
sciaenidae
drum family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2006
http://eol.org/pages/5154
anoplopomatidae
sablefish family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2007
ictalurus spp.
bullhead catfish as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13992
GRIN:42282
ITIS:28598
LANGUAL:B2008
PLANTS:ZIZI
http://eol.org/pages/4381
Ziziphus jujuba Mill.
Ziziphus zizyphus (L.) Karst.
chinese date
chinese jujube
common jujube
jujube nut
red date
rhamnus ziziphus
ziziphus jujuba
ziziphus lotus
ziziphus vulgaris
ziziphus ziziphus
zizyphus sativa
chinese red date plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:27563
LANGUAL:B2009
MANSFELD:27510
NETTOX:
Phaseolus coccineus L.
phaseolus coccineus
phaseolus multifloris
scarlet runner bean plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:8319
LANGUAL:B2010
MANSFELD:27597
NETTOX:
Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth
cajanus cajan
catjang pea
gandules
red gram
pigeon pea plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2011
crambe maritima
sea kale plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13739
GRIN:41040
ITIS:23605
LANGUAL:B2013
MANSFELD:18352
PLANTS:VAMY2
http://eol.org/pages/583633
Vaccinium myrtillus L.
vaccinium myrtillus
whinberry
whortleberry
bilberry plant
Mespilus germanica, known as the medlar or common medlar, is a large shrub or small tree, and the name of the fruit of this tree.
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11174
GRIN:24182
ITIS:506235
LANGUAL:B2014
MANSFELD:9033
PLANTS:MEGE4
http://eol.org/pages/8097
Mespilus germanica L.
mespilus germanica
medlar plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:102411
ITIS:504374
LANGUAL:B2015
http://eol.org/pages/486222
Physalis philadelphica Lam.
jamberry
mexican groundcherry
mexican husk tomato
physalis ixocarpa
physalis philadelphica
tomatillo
mexican ground cherry plant as food source
*Solanum betaceum* (syn. *Cyphomandra betacea*) is a small tree or shrub in the flowering plant family Solanaceae "the nightshade plant". It is best known as the species that bears the tamarillo, an egg-shaped edible fruit. Other names include tree tomato, tomate de árbol, and dutch eggplant in Indonesia.
WIKIPEDIA:Cyphomandra_betacea
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9134
GRIN:100825
ITIS:505817
LANGUAL:B2016
PLANTS:CYBE3
http://eol.org/pages/4437
Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendtn.
Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendtner
Solanum betaceum Cav.
cyphomandra betacea
solanum betaceum
tamarillo
tree tomato plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2017
buckhorn (osmunda)
fiddlehead fern
osmunda cinnamomea
cinnamon fern plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8696
GRIN:10744
ITIS:501574
LANGUAL:B2018
MANSFELD:7643
PLANTS:CIMA5
http://eol.org/pages/488254
Citrus maxima (Burm. f.) Merr.
Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.
citrus decumana
citrus grandis
citrus maxima
pomelo
shaddock
pummelo plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11476
GRIN:25840
LANGUAL:B2019
MANSFELD:23079
PLANTS:OPFI
http://eol.org/pages/4228
Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.
mission prickly-pear
opuntia ficus-indica
opuntia occidentalis
prickly pear
smooth mountain prickly-pear
smooth prickly-pear
spineless cactus
tuberous prickly-pear
indian fig plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13408
GRIN:50070
ITIS:505420
LANGUAL:B2020
MANSFELD:12364
PLANTS:SYJA
http://eol.org/pages/2508661
Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston
eugenia jambos
jaman
jambos
jamrosade
jamrose
malabar plum
pomarosa
syzygium jambos
roseapple plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13737
GRIN:41002
ITIS:23573
LANGUAL:B2026
MANSFELD:1753
PLANTS:VACO
http://eol.org/pages/484405
Vaccinium corymbosum L.
american blueberry
swamp blueberry
vaccinium corymbosum
highbush blueberry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8598
GRIN:10194
ITIS:506567
LANGUAL:B2027
MANSFELD:410
PLANTS:CHQU
http://eol.org/pages/489447
Chenopodium quinoa Willd.
chenopodium quinoa
quinoa plant as food source
Banana passionfruit is the fruit of several plants in the genus Passiflora, and are therefore related to the passion fruit. They look somewhat like a straight, small banana with rounded ends. It was given this name in New Zealand, where passionfruit are also prevalent. In Hawaii, it is called banana poka. In its Latin American homeland, it is known as curuba, curuba de Castilla, or curuba sabanera blanca (Colombia); taxo, tacso, tagso, tauso (Ecuador); parcha (Venezuela), tumbo or curuba (Bolivia); tacso, tumbo, tumbo del norte, trompos, or tintin (Peru).
WIKIPEDIA:Banana_passionfruit
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2028
curuba
passiflora spp.
banana passionfruit plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12665
GRIN:32286
ITIS:24850
LANGUAL:B2029
MANSFELD:8377
PLANTS:RUCH
http://eol.org/pages/623525
Rubus chamaemorus L.
baked apple berry
malka
rubus chamaemorus
salmonberry
yellowberry
cloudberry plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:36056
ITIS:505958
LANGUAL:B2030
PLANTS:SYDU
http://eol.org/pages/1149984
Synsepalum dulcificum (Schumach. & Thonn.) Daniell
Synsepalum dulcificum (Schumach.) Daniell
Synsepalum dulcificum (Schumacher & Thonn.) Daniell
synsepalum dulcificum
miracle fruit as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2031
marrow, vegetable
vegetable marrow plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8641
GRIN:10405
ITIS:23811
LANGUAL:B2036
PLANTS:CHCA10
http://eol.org/pages/1148152
Chrysophyllum cainito L.
caimito
chrysophyllum cainito
star apple plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9931
GRIN:71011
ITIS:21484
LANGUAL:B2037
MANSFELD:16944
PLANTS:GAMA10
http://eol.org/pages/584879
Garcinia mangostana L.
garcinia mangostana
mangosteen plant as food source
The Zante currant (in the United States), or currant (in other English-speaking countries) are dried berries of small, sweet, seedless grape variety Black Corinth (Vitis vinifera).
Unprocessed currants must be obtained from grapes of the varieties (cultivars) Vitis vinifera L. Black Corinth.[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:1999:192:0021:0032:EN:PDF]
WIKIPEDIA:Black_Corinth
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13868
GRIN:41905
ITIS:28629
LANGUAL:B2038
MANSFELD:3182
PLANTS:VIVI5
http://eol.org/pages/582304
Vitis vinifera L.
black corinth grape
currant
grape, corinth (plant) as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2040
juniperus communis
juniper plant as food source
http://langual.org
Cucurbitaceae
GRIN:314922
LANGUAL:B2041
PLANTS:CILAC
http://eol.org/pages/4458
Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai var. citroides (L.H. Bailey) Mansf.
Citrullus lanatus var. citroides (Bailey) Mansf.
Citrullus lanatus var. citroides (L. H. Bailey) Mansf.
citrullus lanatus var. citroides
citrullus vulgaris var. citroides
preserving melon
stock melon
citron melon plant
citron melon plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:12567
LANGUAL:B2042
http://eol.org/pages/4458
Cucumis melo var. chito (C. Morren) Naudin
garden lemon
melon apple
orange melon
vegetable orange
vine peach
mango melon plant as food source
White fonio (D. exilis) is the most important of a diverse group of wild and domesticated Digitaria species that are harvested in the savannas of west Africa. Fonio is the smallest of all species of millet. It is one of the primary cereals of southern Sudan and Ethiopia in Africa. []
http://langual.org
GRIN:14016
ITIS:40628
LANGUAL:B2043
MANSFELD:35320
PLANTS:DIEX4
http://eol.org/pages/1114313
Digitaria exilis (Kippist) Stapf
digitaria exilis
hungry rice
white fonio
fonio plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12304
GRIN:30151
ITIS:24806
LANGUAL:B2044
PLANTS:PRVI
http://eol.org/pages/630083
Prunus virginiana L.
prunus virginiana
chokecherry plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11102
GRIN:23475
ITIS:38079
LANGUAL:B2045
PLANTS:MARE6
http://eol.org/pages/4206
Matricaria chamomilla L.
Matricaria recutita L.
common chamomile
german chamomile
hungarian chamomile
matricaria chamomilla
matricaria recutita
scented chamomile
scented mayweed
chamomile plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2046
cataria
nepeta cataria
catnip plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2047
larrea mexicana
larrea tridentata
chaparral plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:17820
LANGUAL:B2048
MANSFELD:29969
NETTOX:
Glycyrrhiza glabra L.
glycyrrhiza glabra
licorice plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2049
ephedra nevadensis
gray ephedra
mormon tea
nevada ephedra
nevada jointfir plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2050
grapple plant
harpagophytum procumbens
devil's claw plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2051
tilia spp.
linden plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2052
european mistletoe
viscum album
mistletoe plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2053
erythroxylum coca
coca plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2054
altamisa
chrysanthemum parthenium
feverfew plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2055
agrimonia eupatoria
agrimony
cocklebur plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2056
cassia spp.
senna spp.
senna plant as food source
Rooibos, "red bush"; scientific name *Aspalathus linearis* is a broom-like member of the legume family of plants growing in South Africa's fynbos.
The generic name comes from the plant Calicotome villosa, aspalathos in Greek. This plant has very similar growth and flowers to the redbush. The specific name linearis comes from the plant's linear growing structure and needle-like leaves.
The plant is used to make a herbal tea called rooibos tea, bush tea (esp. Southern Africa), redbush tea (esp. UK), South African red tea, or red tea. The product has been popular in Southern Africa for generations and is now consumed in many countries. It is sometimes spelled rooibosch in accordance with the old Dutch etymology.
WIKIPEDIA:Aspalathus_linearis
http://langual.org
GRIN:310979
ITIS:506239
LANGUAL:B2057
PLANTS:ASLI14
http://eol.org/pages/702617
Aspalathus linearis (Burm. f.) R. Dahlgren
Aspalathus linearis (Burman f.) R. Dahlgren
aspalathus linearis
rooibos plant as food source
Epazote, wormseed, Jesuit's tea, Mexican tea, Paico or Herba Sancti Mariæ (Dysphania ambrosioides, formerly Chenopodium ambrosioides) is an herb native to Central America, South America, and southern Mexico.
WIKIPEDIA:Chenopodium_ambrosioides
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8594
GRIN:446530
ITIS:20590
LANGUAL:B2058
PLANTS:CHAM
Chenopodium ambrosioides L.
Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants
chenopodium ambrosioides
dysphania ambrosoides
epazote
wormseed
mexican tea plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:19756
LANGUAL:B2059
MANSFELD:26742
NETTOX:
Ilex paraguariensis St.-Hil.
ilex paraguariensis
paraguay tea
yerba mate
mate plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2060
piper methysticum
kava plant as food source
*Aframomum melegueta* is a species in the ginger family, *Zingiberaceae*. This spice, commonly known as grains of paradise, melegueta pepper, alligator pepper, Guinea grains or Guinea pepper, is obtained from the ground seeds; it gives a pungent, peppery flavour.
WIKIPEDIA:Aframomum_melegueta
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7215
GRIN:101012
ITIS:506501
LANGUAL:B2061
MANSFELD:3309
PLANTS:AFME
http://eol.org/pages/1127012
Aframomum melegueta K. Schum.
Aframomum melegueta K.Schum.
Aframomum melegueta Schum.
Aframomum melegueta Schumann
aframomum melegueta
alligator pepper
amomum granum-paradisii
amomum melegueta
grains of paradise
guinea grains
guinea pepper
grains-of-paradise plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:101253
ITIS:30475
LANGUAL:B2062
PLANTS:SOQU
http://eol.org/pages/581206
Solanum quitoense Lam.
lulo
quito orange
solanum quitoense
naranjilla plant as food source
Guarana (Paullinia cupana, syn. P. crysan, P. sorbilis) is a climbing plant in the maple family, Sapindaceae, native to the Amazon basin and especially common in Brazil. Guarana features large leaves and clusters of flowers, and is best known for its fruit, which is about the size of a coffee bean. As a dietary supplement, guarana is an effective stimulant:[1] it contains about twice the caffeine found in coffee beans (about 2 to 4.5% caffeine in guarana seeds compared to 1 to 2% for coffee beans).
WIKIPEDIA:Guarana
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11678
GRIN:27031
ITIS:506078
LANGUAL:B2063
MANSFELD:6836
PLANTS:PACU7
http://eol.org/pages/483644
Paullinia cupana Kunth
brazilian cocoa
paullinia cupana
uabano
guarana plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2064
cucurbita pepo var. pepo
acorn squash plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2065
smilax aristolochiifolia
sarsaparilla plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2066
guizotia abyssinica
ramtilla
niger (plant) plant as food source
Muskmelon (Cucumis melo) is a species of melon that has been developed into many cultivated varieties. These include smooth skinned varieties such as honeydew, crenshaw and casaba, and different netted cultivars (cantaloupe, Persian melon and Santa Claus or Christmas melon).
WIKIPEDIA:Muskmelon
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9041
GRIN:12566
ITIS:22362
LANGUAL:B2067
MANSFELD:3670
PLANTS:CUME
http://eol.org/pages/584424
Cucumis melo L.
Cucumis melo L. ssp. melo Cantaloupe Group
Cucumis melo L. subsp. melo var. cantalupensis Naudin
Cucumis melo L. var. cantalupensis Naudin
cucumis melo
muskmelon plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8121
GRIN:319648
ITIS:23063
LANGUAL:B2068
MANSFELD:23939
PLANTS:BRRAR
http://eol.org/pages/583898
Brassica rapa L.
Brassica rapa L. subsp. oleifera (DC.) Metzg.
Brassica rapa L. var. rapa
Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera (DC.) Metzg.
brassica campestris
brassica rapa
broccoli raab
rapini
field mustard plant as food source
Mustards are several plant species in the genera *Brassica* and *Sinapis* whose small mustard seeds are used as a spice and, by grinding and mixing them with water, vinegar or other liquids, are turned into the condiment known as mustard or prepared mustard. The seeds are also pressed to make mustard oil, and the edible leaves can be eaten as mustard greens.
WIKIPEDIA:Mustard_plant
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2069
brassica spp.
sinapis spp.
mustard plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:21613
LANGUAL:B2070
MANSFELD:30514
NETTOX:
Lathyrus sativus L.
tare
vicia
vetch plant as food source
White cabbage (*Brassica oleracea* convar. *capitata* var. *alba* L.) is a variety of the cabbage, a cultivar of the plant species *Brassica oleracea*. White cabbage is a winter vegetable.
WIKIPEDIA:White_cabbage
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8102
GRIN:7672
LANGUAL:B2071
MANSFELD:23907
Brassica oleracea L. var. alba DC.
Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.
brassica oleracea convar. capitata var. capitata
brassica oleracea var. capitata
green cabbage
white cabbage plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8113
GRIN:7672
ITIS:23062
LANGUAL:B2072
MANSFELD:23907
http://eol.org/pages/583899
Brassica oleracea L.
Brassica oleracea L. var. rubra DC.
Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.
cabbage, red
red cabbage plant as food source
Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa, subspecies pekinensis and chinensis) can refer to two distinct varieties (see below) of Chinese leaf vegetables used often in Chinese cuisine. These vegetables are both related to the Western cabbage, and are of the same species as the common turnip. Both have many variations in name, spelling and scientific classification, especially the "bok choy" or chinensis variety.
WIKIPEDIA:Pak_choi
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8118
GRIN:319634
ITIS:506219
LANGUAL:B2077
MANSFELD:23985
PLANTS:BRCH4
http://eol.org/pages/4219
Brassica chinensis L.
Brassica rapa L. subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt
Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt
brassica chinensis
brassica rapa var. chinensis
pak choi
bok choy plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2078
http://eol.org/pages/24987
rhinichthys spp.
dace as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LMM
ITIS:168141
LANGUAL:B2079
http://eol.org/pages/207661
Lepomis macrochirus
Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque, 1819
lepomis macrochirus
bluegill as food source
The Beurré Bosc or Bosc is a cultivar of the European Pear (Pyrus communis) grown in the northwestern U.S. states of California, Washington, and Oregon; Australia; as well as in British Columbia, Ontario and Europe, where it is sometimes called Kaiser.
WIKIPEDIA:Bosc_Pear
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12395
GRIN:30474
ITIS:25295
LANGUAL:B2080
MANSFELD:8689
PLANTS:PYCO
http://eol.org/pages/414311
Pyrus communis L.
bosc pear plant as food source
The D'Anjou pear, sometimes referred to as the Beurré d'Anjou or simply Anjou, is a short-necked cultivar of European Pear.
WIKIPEDIA:D%27Anjou
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12395
GRIN:30474
ITIS:25295
LANGUAL:B2081
MANSFELD:8689
PLANTS:PYCO
http://eol.org/pages/414311
Pyrus communis L.
anjou pear plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2082
http://eol.org/pages/60741
hibiscus spp.
hibiscus plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10658
GRIN:21361
ITIS:36607
LANGUAL:B2083
PLANTS:LASA3
http://eol.org/pages/468144
Lactuca sativa L.
Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata L.
crisphead lettuce
lactuca sativa
iceberg lettuce plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10658
GRIN:21361
ITIS:36607
LANGUAL:B2084
PLANTS:LASA3
http://eol.org/pages/468144
Lactuca sativa L.
Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata L.
cabbage lettuce
head lettuce
lactuca sativa
lactuca sativa var. capitata
butterhead lettuce plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2085
lactuca sativa
limestone lettuce
bibb lettuce plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10658
GRIN:21361
ITIS:36607
LANGUAL:B2086
PLANTS:LASA3
http://eol.org/pages/468144
Lactuca sativa L.
Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata L.
lactuca sativa
boston lettuce plant as food source
Lettuce with loosely curled leaves that do not form a compact head.
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10659
GRIN:404618
ITIS:36607
LANGUAL:B2087
PLANTS:LASA3
http://eol.org/pages/468144
Lactuca sativa L.
Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa L.
loose leaf lettuce plant as food source
Lollo Rosso is a red loose leaf type of lettuce. Lollo Rosso can also be known as Lolla Rossa and Lollo Rossa due to gender confusion. Lollo Rosso's sister varieties are Lollo Biando and Lollo Verde.[http://www.specialtyproduce.com/produce/Lollo_Rosso_Lettuce_5020.php]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10659
GRIN:404618
ITIS:36607
LANGUAL:B2088
PLANTS:LASA3
http://eol.org/pages/468144
Lactuca sativa L.
Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa L.
lactuca sativa var. crispa
red leaf lettuce
lollo rosso plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10660
GRIN:21362
ITIS:36607
LANGUAL:B2089
PLANTS:LASA3
http://eol.org/pages/468144
Lactuca sativa L.
Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia Lam.
Lactuca sativa var. longifolia Lam.
cos lettuce
lactuca sativa var. cos
lactuca sativa var. longifolia
romaine plant as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1427
FAO ASFIS:WAL
ITIS:180639
LANGUAL:B2090
MSW3:14001024
http://eol.org/pages/328627
Odobenus rosmarus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Odobenus rosmarus Linnaeus, 1758
odobenus rosmarus
walrus as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:12957
LANGUAL:B2091
MANSFELD:4048
NETTOX:
Cucurbita maxima L. (Duch.)
cucurbita spp.
gourd, squash or pumpkin
pumpkin, squash or gourd
squash, gourd or pumpkin (plant) as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2092
http://eol.org/pages/11012
macropodidae
macropus spp.
kangaroo as food source
A mule is the offspring of a male donkey and a female horse. Horses and donkeys are different species, with different numbers of chromosomes. Of the two F1 hybrids between these two species, a mule is easier to obtain than a hinny (the offspring of a male horse and a female donkey). All male mules and most female mules are infertile.
WIKIPEDIA:Mule
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2093
equus asinus x equus caballus
mule as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:180402
LANGUAL:B2094
MSW3:13400557
Myocastor coypus (Molina, 1782)
Myocastor coypus Molina, 1782
coypu
myocastor coypus
river rat
nutria as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:552476
LANGUAL:B2095
MSW3:14200694
http://eol.org/pages/311907
Bubalus bubalis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Bubalus bubalis Linnaeus, 1758
bubalus bubalis
water buffalo, asian
asian water buffalo as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:180690
LANGUAL:B2096
MSW3:14100004
http://eol.org/pages/328647
Equus asinus Linnaeus, 1758
ass
burro
equus asinus
donkey as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:202401
LANGUAL:B2097
MSW3:14100033
http://eol.org/pages/129474
Equus zebra Linnaeus, 1758
equus zebra
zebra as food source
Members of the genus *Bison* are large, even-toed ungulates within the subfamily *Bovinae*. Two extant and four extinct species are recognized. The surviving species are the American bison, also known as the American buffalo (although it is only distantly related to the true buffalo), *Bison bison*, found in North America, and the European bison, or wisent (*Bison bonasus*), found in Europe and the Caucasus. The North American species is composed of two subspecies, the plains bison, *Bison bison bison*, and the wood bison, *Bison bison athabascae*. While all bison species are usually grouped into their own genus, they are sometimes included in the closely related genus *Bos*, together with cattle, gaur, kouprey and yaks, with which bison have a limited ability to interbreed.
WIKIPEDIA:Bison
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2098
http://eol.org/pages/42293
bison spp.
bison as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2103
http://eol.org/pages/38902
camelus spp.
camel as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1300
FAO ASFIS:JAJ
LANGUAL:B2105
Jacquinotia edwardsii
Jacquinotia edwardsii (Jacquinot, 1853)
jacquinotia edwardsii
maia
maja
new zealand crab
southern spider crab
new zealand spider crab as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2106
http://eol.org/pages/39553
portunus spp.
swim crab (portunus spp.) as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1501
FAO ASFIS:URS
ITIS:157949
LANGUAL:B2107
http://eol.org/pages/599659
Echinus esculentus
Echinus esculentus Linnaeus 1758
Echinus esculentus Linnaeus, 1758
echinus esculentus
evechinus chloroticus
heliocidaris spp.
loxechimus spp.
paracentrotus lividus
pseudocentrotus spp.
strongylocentrotus spp.
sea urchin as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2108
asteroidae
starfish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2109
oenothera biennis
evening primrose plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2110
bassia latifolia
east indian illipe
madhuca latifolia
tanga kwang
illipe plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2111
http://eol.org/pages/2366
gastropoda
gastropod as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2112
http://eol.org/pages/2195
mollusca
molluscs as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2113
http://eol.org/pages/2215
bivalvia
pelecypod
pelecypoda
bivalve as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2114
snail as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:ECH
LANGUAL:B2115
Echinodermata
Echinodermata Klein, 1734
echinodermata
echinoderm as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2116
http://eol.org/pages/2312
cephalopoda
cephalopod as food source
The Ostrich, or Common Ostrich (*Struthio camelus*), is one or two species of large flightless birds native to Africa, the only living member(s) of the genus *Struthio* that is in the ratite family. Some analyses indicate that the Somali Ostrich may be better considered a full species apart from the Common Ostrich, but most taxonomists consider it to be a subspecies.
WIKIPEDIA:Struthio_camelus
http://langual.org
ITIS:174375
LANGUAL:B2118
http://eol.org/pages/1178371
Struthio camelus Linnaeus, 1758
common ostrich
struthio camelus
ostrich as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:176580
LANGUAL:B2119
http://eol.org/pages/1049378
Scolopax minor Gmelin, 1789
philohela minor
scolopax minor
woodcock as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2120
ogen melon plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13868
GRIN:41905
ITIS:28629
LANGUAL:B2121
MANSFELD:3182
PLANTS:VIVI5
http://eol.org/pages/582304
Vitis vinifera L.
european grape
vitis vinifera
grape, european (plant) as food source
Concord grapes are a cultivar derived from the grape species Vitis labrusca (a.k.a. fox grape) which are used as table grapes, wine grapes and juice grapes.
WIKIPEDIA:Concord_grape
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13867
GRIN:41879
ITIS:28608
LANGUAL:B2122
PLANTS:VILA8
http://eol.org/pages/582348
Vitis labrusca L.
concord grape
vitis labrusca var. concord
grape, concord (plant) as food source
Muscadines are a grapevine species native to the present-day southeastern United States that has been extensively cultivated since the 16th Century.
WIKIPEDIA:Muscadine
http://langual.org
GRIN:41895
ITIS:28609
LANGUAL:B2123
PLANTS:VIRO3
PLANTS:VIROR
http://eol.org/pages/582347
Vitis rotundifolia Michx.
Vitis rotundifolia Michx. var. rotundifolia
grape, scuppernong
muscadine grape
muscadinia rotundifolia
scuppernong grape
vitis rotundifolia
grape, muscadine (plant) as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:311851
ITIS:28607
LANGUAL:B2124
PLANTS:VIAE
http://eol.org/pages/582343
Vitis aestivalis Michx.
onderdonk grape
summer grape
vitis aestivalis
grape, onderdonk (plant) as food source
Variety of the Common Plum.
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12270
GRIN:29888
ITIS:24774
LANGUAL:B2125
MANSFELD:9332
PLANTS:PRDO
http://eol.org/pages/301139
Prunus domestica L.
italian prune plum plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2126
tea or coffee
coffee or tea plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2127
http://eol.org/pages/6965
balanus spp.
goose barnacles
lepadidae
lepas spp.
barnacle as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2128
http://eol.org/pages/2630893
barnacles
bernacles
cirripedia
cirriped as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2129
http://eol.org/pages/1644
elephantidae
elephant as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:625024
LANGUAL:B2130
MSW3:14200106
http://eol.org/pages/311532
Hippopotamus amphibius Linnaeus, 1758
common hippopotamus
hippopotamus amphibius
hippopotamus as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2131
http://eol.org/pages/24173
balistes app.
triggerfish as food source
Filefish (also known as foolfish, leatherjackets or shingles) are tropical to subtropical tetraodontiform marine fish of the diverse family *Monacanthidae*. Found in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans, the filefish family contains approximately 107 species in 26 genera. Filefish are closely related to the triggerfish, pufferfish and trunkfish.
WIKIPEDIA:Monacanthidae
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2132
http://eol.org/pages/5058
monacanthidae
filefish family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2133
black turtle bean
castanospermum australe
moreton bay chestnut plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2134
lippia micromera
thyme, spanish
spanish thyme plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2135
perilla frutescens crispa
beefsteak plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2136
dogfish shark, carnivorous as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2137
dogfish shark, herbivorous as food source
Triggerfishes are about 40 species of often brightly colored fishes of the family *Balistidae*. Often marked by lines and spots, they inhabit tropical and subtropical oceans throughout the world, with the greatest species richness in the Indo-Pacific. Most are found in relatively shallow, coastal habitats, especially at coral reefs, but a few, such as the aptly named oceanic triggerfish (Canthidermis maculata), are pelagic. While several species from this family are popular in the marine aquarium trade, they are often notoriously ill-tempered.
WIKIPEDIA:Balistidae
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2138
http://eol.org/pages/5061
balistidae
triggerfish family as food source
*Metroxylon sagu* (true sago palm) is a species of palm in the genus *Metroxylon*, native to tropical southeastern Asia in Indonesia (western New Guinea, and the Moluccas), Papua New Guinea, Malaysia (both Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak) and possibly also the Philippines (though may have been introduced there). It is also naturalised in Thailand, Java, Kalimantan, Sumatra, and the Solomon Islands.
WIKIPEDIA:Metroxylon_sagu
http://langual.org
GRIN:103025
ITIS:506732
LANGUAL:B2139
PLANTS:MESA7
http://eol.org/pages/1138337
Metroxylon sagu Rottb.
metroxylon sagu
true sago palm
sago palm plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11715
GRIN:27187
ITIS:565385
LANGUAL:B2140
PLANTS:PEGL2
http://eol.org/pages/1115854
Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.
Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.
bulrush millet
indian millet (pennisetum)
pennisetum glaucum
pearl millet plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2141
merluccius capensis
south african hake
stock fish
cape hake as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2142
merluccius hubbsi
southwest atlantic hake
argentine hake as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:435
FAO ASFIS:USK
FDA RFE 2010:5
ITIS:164740
LANGUAL:B2143
http://eol.org/pages/205187
Brosme brosme
Brosme brosme (Ascanius, 1772)
brosme brosme
brosmius brosme
moonfish
tusk
cusk as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:456
FAO ASFIS:LIN
ITIS:164760
LANGUAL:B2144
http://eol.org/pages/211405
Molva molva
Molva molva (Linnaeus, 1758)
molva molva
ling as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:622984
LANGUAL:B2145
http://eol.org/pages/214054
Lotella rhacina
Lotella rhacina (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
lotella rhacina
physiculus barbatus
rock cod as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2146
http://eol.org/pages/24410
oligoplites spp.
leatherjacket as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LIJ
ITIS:168602
LANGUAL:B2147
http://eol.org/pages/213780
Alectis ciliaris
Alectis ciliaris (Bloch, 1787)
alectis ciliaris
threadfish
african pompano as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:168883
LANGUAL:B2148
http://eol.org/pages/5294
Lutjanus inermis
Lutjanus inermis (Peters, 1869)
lutjanus inermis
golden snapper as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LWP
FDA RFE 2010:32
ITIS:168897
LANGUAL:B2149
http://eol.org/pages/221882
Lutjanus peru
Lutjanus peru (Nichols & Murphy, 1922)
Lutjanus peru (Nichols and Murphy, 1922)
lutjanus peru
pacific red snapper
pacific snapper as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:683
FAO ASFIS:SNC
FDA RFE 2010:33
ITIS:168859
LANGUAL:B2150
http://eol.org/pages/356305
Lutjanus purpureus
Lutjanus purpureus (Poey, 1866)
Lutjanus purpureus Poey, 1867
Lutjanus purpureus Poey, 1876
lutjanus purpureus
caribbean red snapper as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:EEO
ITIS:168902
LANGUAL:B2151
http://eol.org/pages/205033
Etelis oculatus
Etelis oculatus (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828)
Etelis oculatus (Valenciennes, 1828)
bleareyed snapper
cachucho
etelis oculatus
night snapper
queen snapper as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:HCT
ITIS:161757
LANGUAL:B2152
http://eol.org/pages/206574
Harengula thrissina
Harengula thrissina (Jordan & Gilbert 1882)
Harengula thrissina (Jordan and Gilbert, 1882)
harengula thrissina
flatiron herring as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:YNP
ITIS:169251
LANGUAL:B2153
http://eol.org/pages/1012533
Cynoscion parvipinnis
Cynoscion parvipinnis Ayres 1861
Cynoscion parvipinnis Ayres, 1861
cynoscion parvipinnis
shortfin corvina as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:BPV
LANGUAL:B2154
http://eol.org/pages/5091
Brachyplatystoma flavicans (Castelnau 1855)
amazon catfish
brachyplatystoma flavicans
south american catfish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:BPT
ITIS:639380
LANGUAL:B2155
http://eol.org/pages/206134
Brachyplatystoma vaillanti (Valenciennes, 1840)
Brachyplatystoma vaillantii
Brachyplatystoma vaillantii (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840)
brachyplatystoma vaillanti
brazilian catfish as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:3959
LANGUAL:B2156
Argemone mexicana L.
argemone
argemony
argenone mexicana
mexican prickly-poppy
mexican-poppy
prickly poppy plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2157
melia azedarach
sadao
chinaberry plant
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2158
celosia argentea
soko
feather cockscomb plant as food source
*Cyperus esculentus* (or chufa sedge, nut grass, yellow nutsedge, tigernut sedge, or earth almond) is a species of sedge native to warm temperate to subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere, often cultivated for its edible tubers (tigernuts).
WIKIPEDIA:Cyperus_esculentus
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9124
GRIN:12901
ITIS:39888
LANGUAL:B2159
PLANTS:CYES
http://eol.org/pages/1121991
Cyperus esculentus L.
choufa
chufa
cyperus esculentus
earth almond
rush nut
tiger nut
tigernut
zulu nut
nutsedge plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2160
groundsel plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2161
http://eol.org/pages/37840
rhus spp.
sumac plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2162
http://eol.org/pages/7125
craylets
galatheidae
squat lobsters
squat lobster family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2163
http://eol.org/pages/7174
palinuridae
spiny lobster family as food source
WIKIPEDIA:Panulirus_argus
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1256
FAO ASFIS:SLC
ITIS:97648
LANGUAL:B2164
http://eol.org/pages/344167
Panulirus argus
Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804)
florida lobster
panulirus argus
caribbean spiny lobster as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:NUR
ITIS:552977
LANGUAL:B2165
http://eol.org/pages/1022067
Panulirus ornatus
Panulirus ornatus (Fabricius, 1798)
panulirus ornatus
ornate spiny lobster as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1248
FAO ASFIS:LBC
ITIS:552953
LANGUAL:B2166
http://eol.org/pages/317431
Jasus lalandii
Jasus lalandii (H. Milne Edwards 1837)
Jasus lalandii (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837)
Jasus lalandii (Milne Edwards 1837)
cape rock lobster
jasus lalandii
panulirus lalandii
cape spiny lobster as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1254
FAO ASFIS:SLS
ITIS:552965
LANGUAL:B2167
http://eol.org/pages/341287
Palinurus gilchristi
Palinurus gilchristi Stebbing, 1900
palinurus gilchristi
southern spiny lobster
gilchrist spiny lobster as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:NUJ
ITIS:552975
LANGUAL:B2168
http://eol.org/pages/324110
Panulirus japonicus
Panulirus japonicus (Von Siebold, 1824)
panulirus japonicus
japanese spiny lobster as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:LOJ
ITIS:552976
LANGUAL:B2169
http://eol.org/pages/324103
Panulirus longipes (A. Milne Edwards, 1868)
Panulirus longipes (A. Milne-Edwards, 1868)
panulirus longipes
longlegged spiny lobster as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2170
http://eol.org/pages/5499
moridae
morid cod family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2171
ferula assa-foetida
asafetida plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:24520
LANGUAL:B2172
MANSFELD:3744
NETTOX:
Momordica charantia L.
momordica balsamina
balsam apple plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:HCG
ITIS:161755
LANGUAL:B2173
http://eol.org/pages/983544
Harengula jaguana
Harengula jaguana Poey, 1865
harengula jaguana
scaly sardine
scaled sardine as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:BEM
ITIS:164159
LANGUAL:B2174
http://eol.org/pages/204171
Bagre marinus
Bagre marinus (Mitchill, 1815)
bagre marinus
gafftopsail catfish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2175
http://eol.org/pages/25047
diodon spp.
fugu
porcupinefish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:173
FAO ASFIS:MES
ITIS:551294
LANGUAL:B2176
http://eol.org/pages/205035
Ethmidium maculatum
Ethmidium maculatum (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1847)
Ethmidium maculatum (Valenciennes, 1847)
brevoortia maculate chilcae
ethmidium chilcae
ethmidium maculatum
machuelo
peruvian menhaden as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:393
FAO ASFIS:ELA
ITIS:161127
LANGUAL:B2177
http://eol.org/pages/203862
Anguilla rostrata
Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur, 1817)
anguilla rostrata
american eel as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:NXL
ITIS:168610
LANGUAL:B2178
http://eol.org/pages/356288
Caranx latus
Caranx latus Agassiz 1831
Caranx latus Agassiz in Spix and Agassiz, 1831
caranx latus
jack, horse-eye
jurel (horse-eye jack)
horse-eye jack as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:NEC
ITIS:550677
LANGUAL:B2179
http://eol.org/pages/213429
Pseudophycis bachus
Pseudophycis bachus (Forster 1801)
Pseudophycis bachus (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
physiculus bachus
pseudophycis bachus
red cod as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2180
http://eol.org/pages/24688
centropristis spp.
sea bass as food source
American Fisheries Society
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:590
FAO ASFIS:STB
ITIS:167680
LANGUAL:B2181
http://eol.org/pages/211032
Morone saxatilis
Morone saxatilis (Walbaum, 1792)
morone saxatilis
striped bass as food source
American Fisheries Society
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:595
FAO ASFIS:MPS
ITIS:168160
LANGUAL:B2182
http://eol.org/pages/223475
Micropterus salmoides
Micropterus salmoides (Lacepède, 1802)
Micropterus salmoides (Lacépède, 1801)
black bass
micropterus salmoides
largemouth bass as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:ITC
ITIS:164037
LANGUAL:B2183
http://eol.org/pages/995102
Ameiurus catus
Ameiurus catus (Linnaeus, 1758)
ictalurus catus
white catfish as food source
Multilingual dictionary of fish and fish products.
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:ZCP
ITIS:625289
LANGUAL:B2184
http://eol.org/pages/213647
Zeus capensis Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1835
Zeus capensis Valenciennes, 1835
zeus capensis
cape dory as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:941
FAO ASFIS:SNK
ITIS:172372
LANGUAL:B2185
http://eol.org/pages/212632
Thyrsites atun
Thyrsites atun (Euphrasen, 1791)
Thyrsites atun (Euphrasen,l791)
barracouta
snoek
thyrsites atun
snake mackerel as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:ALM
ITIS:173133
LANGUAL:B2186
http://eol.org/pages/217015
Aluterus monoceros
Aluterus monoceros (Linnaeus, 1758)
aluterus monoceros
andora
unicorn filefish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2187
Opsanus Rafinesque, 1818
opsanus
toadfish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LTD
ITIS:168604
LANGUAL:B2188
http://eol.org/pages/356345
Alectis indicus
Alectis indicus (Rüppell 1830)
Alectis indicus (Rüppell, 1830)
threadfin, indian
indian threadfin as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:969
FAO ASFIS:BIP
ITIS:172410
LANGUAL:B2189
http://eol.org/pages/211444
Sarda orientalis
Sarda orientalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)
Sarda orientalis (Temminck and Schlegel, 1844)
sarda orientalis
sarda velox
striped bonito as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2191
http://eol.org/pages/17440
semotilus spp.
creek chub as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:198
FAO ASFIS:CHP
ITIS:161729
LANGUAL:B2192
http://eol.org/pages/338628
Sardinops sagax
Sardinops sagax (Jenyns, 1842)
Sardinops sagax de Buen, 1958
pacific sardine
peruvian sardine
sardinops sagax
sardinops sagax sagax
south american sardine
chilean pilchard as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1370
FAO ASFIS:CLQ
ITIS:81343
LANGUAL:B2193
http://eol.org/pages/493164
Arctica islandica
Arctica islandica (Linnaeus, 1767)
arctica islandica
hard clam
ocean quahog
ocean quahog as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2195
http://eol.org/pages/24940
prionotus spp.
searobin as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2198
http://eol.org/pages/25337
menticirrhus spp.
weakfish
kingfish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2200
fish, batrachoidiform as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:NUP
ITIS:199949
LANGUAL:B2202
http://eol.org/pages/1020641
Panulirus penicillatus
Panulirus penicillatus (Olivier, 1791)
panulirus penicillatus
red lobster
variegated crayfish
pronghorn spiny lobster as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1253
FAO ASFIS:SLO
ITIS:97657
LANGUAL:B2203
http://eol.org/pages/1022068
Palinurus elephas
Palinurus elephas (Fabricius, 1787)
palinurus elephas
palinurus vulgaris
common spiny lobster as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1258
FAO ASFIS:LOK
ITIS:552973
LANGUAL:B2204
http://eol.org/pages/343655
Panulirus homarus
Panulirus homarus (Linnaeus, 1758)
panulirus burgeri
panulirus homarus
trasnkei spiny lobster
scalloped spiny lobster as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:PQG
LANGUAL:B2205
http://eol.org/pages/7125
Pleuroncodes monodon
Pleuroncodes monodon (H. Milne Edwards 1837)
carrot squat lobster
galathea monodon
pleuroncodes monodon
red crab
squat lobster
colorado langostino as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:CZJ
LANGUAL:B2206
http://eol.org/pages/7125
Cervimunida johni
Cervimunida johni Porter 1903
blue squat lobster
cervinumida johni
langostino amarillo as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2207
http://eol.org/pages/15013
ibacus spp.
fan lobster as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1260
FAO ASFIS:LOY
ITIS:552980
LANGUAL:B2208
http://eol.org/pages/311324
Panulirus regius
Panulirus regius De Brito Capello, 1864
Panulirus regius de Brito Capello, 1864
panulirus regius
panulirus rissonii
royal spiny lobster as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2209
Lithodidae Samouelle, 1819
king crabs
lithodidae
king crab family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:KCI
ITIS:97936
LANGUAL:B2210
http://eol.org/pages/1021293
Paralithodes platypus
Paralithodes platypus Brandt, 1850
paralithodes platypus
blue king crab as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:KCD
ITIS:97935
LANGUAL:B2211
http://eol.org/pages/342038
Paralithodes camtschaticus
Paralithodes camtschaticus (Tilesius, 1815)
alaska deepsea crab
japanese crab
king crab
paralithodes camtschaticus
red king crab as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2212
http://eol.org/pages/7194
portunidae
swimming crabs
swimming crab family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SCD
ITIS:199965
LANGUAL:B2213
http://eol.org/pages/343654
Portunus pelagicus
Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Portunus pelagicus Linnaeus, 1758
bluey
portunus pelagicus
blue swimming crab as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1287
FAO ASFIS:GAZ
LANGUAL:B2214
http://eol.org/pages/7194
Portunus trituberculatus (Miers 1876)
Portunus trituberculatus (Miers, 1876)
formosan crab
gazami crab
portunus trituberculatus
oriental blue crab as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2215
http://eol.org/pages/7229
mud crabs
pebble crabs
rubble crabs
xanthidae
mud crab family as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:EQS
ITIS:660606
LANGUAL:B2216
http://eol.org/pages/312908
Eriphia sebana (Shaw & Nodder, 1803)
Eriphia sebana (Shaw and Nodder, 1803)
eriphia sebana
smooth redeyed crab
smooth redeye crab as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:EHH
ITIS:660607
LANGUAL:B2217
http://eol.org/pages/341460
Eriphia smithii MacLaey, 1838
Eriphia smithii MacLeay, 1838
eriphia smithii
orange-hand stone crab
rough redeye crab as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2218
http://eol.org/pages/1209
coenobitidae
coconut crab family as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:BQL
LANGUAL:B2219
Birgus latro (Linnaeus 1767)
birgus latro
purse crab
robber crab
coconut crab as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2220
http://eol.org/pages/7136
grapsidae
marsh crabs
shore crabs
talon crabs
shore, marsh and talon crab family as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:99048
LANGUAL:B2221
http://eol.org/pages/317367
Pachygrapsus crassipes J. W. Randall, 1840
lined shore crab
pachygrapsus crassipes
striped shore crab as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2222
http://eol.org/pages/7155
majidae
spider crab family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:98431
LANGUAL:B2223
http://eol.org/pages/1037977
Chionoecetes tanneri
Chionoecetes tanneri M. J. Rathbun, 1893
chionoecetes tanneri
grooved tanner crab as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:98430
LANGUAL:B2224
http://eol.org/pages/1040602
Chionoecetes angulatus
Chionoecetes angulatus M. J. Rathbun, 1924
chionoecetes angulatus
triangle tanner crab as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
LANGUAL:B2225
Chionoecetes japonicus
beni-zuwai crab
chionoecetes japonicus
japanese spider crab as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2226
http://eol.org/pages/1188
dromiidae
sponge crabs
sponge crab family as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:621718
LANGUAL:B2227
http://eol.org/pages/1019397
Cryptodromiopsis antillensis (Stimpson, 1858)
cryptodromiopsis antillensis
decorator crab
velvet crab
hairy sponge crab as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2228
http://eol.org/pages/7129
deepsea crabs
geryonidae
deep sea crab family as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:HNX
ITIS:620998
LANGUAL:B2229
http://eol.org/pages/318608
Chaceon granulatus (Sakai, 1978)
chaceon granulatus
geryon granulatus
japanese deep sea crab
pacific deep sea crab as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2230
http://eol.org/pages/1232
atelecyclidae
horse crabs
horse crab family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:RCW
ITIS:97491
LANGUAL:B2231
http://eol.org/pages/344571
Procambarus clarkii
Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852)
crawfish, red swamp
louisiana crawfish
louisiana crayfish
procambarus clarkii
red swamp crayfish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2232
http://eol.org/pages/36138
dublin bay prawn
metanephrops nei
metanephrops spp.
deep sea lobster as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:PNS
ITIS:551681
LANGUAL:B2233
http://eol.org/pages/1021452
Litopenaeus stylirostris
Litopenaeus stylirostris (Stimpson, 1874)
Penaeus stylirostris Stimpson 1874
litopenaeus stylirostris
pacific blue shrimp
penaeus stylirostris
blue shrimp as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1216
FAO ASFIS:PNV
ITIS:551682
LANGUAL:B2234
http://eol.org/pages/1036948
Litopenaeus vannamei
Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931)
Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931
litopenaeus vannamei
pacific white shrimp
penaeus vannamei
whiteleg shrimp as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2235
http://eol.org/pages/5121
triglidae
searobin family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2236
eutrema wasabi
japanese horseradish
wasabia japonica
wasabi plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:675
FAO ASFIS:ASA
ITIS:168827
LANGUAL:B2237
http://eol.org/pages/204113
Arripis trutta
Arripis trutta (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
Arripis trutta (Forster, 1801)
Arripis trutta (Schneider, 1801)
arripis trutta
australian salmon
kahawai as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:644
FAO ASFIS:TRZ
ITIS:168641
LANGUAL:B2238
http://eol.org/pages/211642
Pseudocaranx dentex
Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
pseudocaranx dentex
white trevally as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1171
FAO ASFIS:PUF
FDA RFE 2010:84
ITIS:173290
LANGUAL:B2239
http://eol.org/pages/215834
Sphoeroides maculatus
Sphoeroides maculatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Sphoeroides maculatus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
sea squab
sphoeroides maculatus
northern puffer as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2241
http://eol.org/pages/4228
cactaceae
cactus plant as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:180722
LANGUAL:B2248
MSW3:14200054
http://eol.org/pages/328663
Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758
wild boar
boar as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1069
FAO ASFIS:KUG
ITIS:167052
LANGUAL:B2249
http://eol.org/pages/211548
Chelidonichthys kumu
Chelidonichthys kumu (Cuvier, 1829)
Chelidonichthys kumu (Lesson, 1829)
chelidonichthys kumu
bluefin searobin as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2250
http://eol.org/pages/17448
salmo spp.
atlantic salmon as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:NXC
ITIS:168611
LANGUAL:B2251
http://eol.org/pages/207051
Caranx caballus
Caranx caballus Günther, 1868
caranx caballus
jack, green
jurel (green jack)
jurel bonito
green jack as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2253
http://eol.org/pages/5262
polynemidae
threadfin family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:329
FAO ASFIS:SVC
ITIS:163691
LANGUAL:B2254
http://eol.org/pages/220327
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1844)
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844)
amur carp
carp, silver
hypophthalmichthys molitrix
silver carp as food source
Black pepper consists of unripe whole fruit that are sundried. White pepper consists of the seeds only of ripe fruit.
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2255
piper nigrum
pepper, black or white (plant) as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:168871
LANGUAL:B2256
http://eol.org/pages/217109
Lutjanus sanguineus
Lutjanus sanguineus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828)
lutjanus sanguineus
scarlet snapper
blood snapper as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
LANGUAL:B2261
http://eol.org/pages/2295
Paphies subtriangulata
Paphies ventricosa
paphies subtriangulatum
paphies ventricosa
tuatua
new zealand wedge clam as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2262
lippia graveolens
mexican marjoram
mexican oregano
mexican sage
mexican sage, origan
mexican wild sage
oregano, lippia
oreganum
origan
sage, mexican
oregano, mexican (plant) as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2264
http://eol.org/pages/8249
batrachoididae
toadfish family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2265
http://eol.org/pages/5120
scorpaeniformes
fish, scorpaeniform as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2267
http://eol.org/pages/8902
chimaeriformes
fish, chimaeriform as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2268
http://eol.org/pages/8903
callorhinchidae
callorhynchidae
elephatfish
plownose chimera family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:CHB
ITIS:564644
LANGUAL:B2269
http://eol.org/pages/211440
Callorhinchus milii
Callorhinchus milii (Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1823)
Callorhinchus milii Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1823
callorhynchus millii
elephant shark
silver trumpeter
elephant fish as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10762
GRIN:21769
ITIS:22978
LANGUAL:B2270
MANSFELD:23709
PLANTS:LESA2
http://eol.org/pages/585527
Lepidium sativum L.
lepidium sativum
garden cress plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:173300
LANGUAL:B2271
http://eol.org/pages/215481
Sphoeroides spengleri
Sphoeroides spengleri (Bloch, 1785)
sphoeroides spengleri
bandtail puffer as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2272
wild caia plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:12797
LANGUAL:B2273
MANSFELD:36188
NETTOX:
Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf.
cymbopogon citratus
fever grass
west indian lemongrass
lemon grass plant as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:UAG
ITIS:171055
LANGUAL:B2274
http://eol.org/pages/5190
Astroscopus guttatus Abbott, 1860
astroscopus guttatus
spotted stargazer as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2275
http://eol.org/pages/5190
uranoscopidae
stargazer family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:843
FAO ASFIS:TAU
ITIS:170479
LANGUAL:B2276
http://eol.org/pages/204104
Tautoga onitis
Tautoga onitis (Linnaeus, 1758)
tautoga onitis
tautog as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2277
Labridae Cuvier, 1816
labridae
wrasse family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:518
FAO ASFIS:JOD
FDA RFE 2010:94
ITIS:166287
LANGUAL:B2278
http://eol.org/pages/210208
Zeus faber
Zeus faber Linnaeus, 1758
galilee fish
st. peter's fish
zeus faber
zeus japonicus
european john dory as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2279
cellana denticulata
fissurellidae
lapa
patella caerulea
patella vulgata
true limpets
limpet as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:EHU
ITIS:169362
LANGUAL:B2280
http://eol.org/pages/224897
Seriphus politus
Seriphus politus Ayres, 1860
corvineta reina
seriphus politus
queenfish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:721
FAO ASFIS:KIC
ITIS:169257
LANGUAL:B2281
http://eol.org/pages/222012
Genyonemus lineatus
Genyonemus lineatus (Ayres, 1855)
croaker, white
genyonemus lineatus
white croaker as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:797
FAO ASFIS:RPG
ITIS:169207
LANGUAL:B2283
http://eol.org/pages/204040
Pagrus pagrus
Pagrus pagrus (Linnaeus, 1758)
pagrus pagrus
pagrus sedicem
red porgy as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:237
ITIS:161937
LANGUAL:B2284
http://eol.org/pages/994760
Coregonus pidschian
Coregonus pidschian (Gmelin, 1789)
Coregonus pidschianoides (Pravdin)
arctic whitefish
coregonus pidschian
humpback whitefish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:172776
LANGUAL:B2285
http://eol.org/pages/206641
Cyclopsetta chittendeni
Cyclopsetta chittendeni Bean, 1895
cyclopsetta chittendeni
mexican flounder as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1021
FAO ASFIS:ERP
ITIS:172566
LANGUAL:B2286
http://eol.org/pages/614554
Peprilus paru
Peprilus paru (Linnaeus, 1758)
northern harvestfish
peprilus alepidotus
peprilus paru
harvestfish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:172983
LANGUAL:B2287
http://eol.org/pages/217131
Trinectes inscriptus
Trinectes inscriptus (Gosse, 1851)
trinectes inscriptus
scrawled sole as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:GHM
ITIS:172991
LANGUAL:B2288
http://eol.org/pages/207495
Gymnachirus melas
Gymnachirus melas Nichols, 1916
gymnachirus melas
naked sole as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:TMT
ITIS:172982
LANGUAL:B2289
http://eol.org/pages/203946
Trinectes maculatus
Trinectes maculatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Trinectes maculatus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
trinectes maculatus
hogchoker as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:855
FAO ASFIS:NEB
ITIS:170968
LANGUAL:B2290
http://eol.org/pages/223569
Parapercis colias
Parapercis colias (Bloch and Schneider, 1801 )
Parapercis colias (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
Parapercis colias (Forster, 1801)
australian cod
new zealand cod
parapercis colias
blue cod as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2291
trachinidae
weeverfish family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:ELP
ITIS:165324
LANGUAL:B2292
http://eol.org/pages/220012
Zoarces viviparus
Zoarces viviparus (Linnaeus, 1758)
zoarces viviparus
eelpout as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2293
lacertilia
lizard as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:194
FAO ASFIS:CPI
LANGUAL:B2294
http://eol.org/pages/6893
Sardinops caeruleus (Girard 1854)
Sardinops caeruleus (Girard, 1854)
californian sardine
sardinops caeruleus
california pilchard as food source
Zanthoxylum (including Fagara) is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs in the citrus or rue family, Rutaceae, native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. Common names include Prickly-ash and Hercules' Club.
WIKIPEDIA:Zanthoxylum
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2295
http://eol.org/pages/38359
zanthoxylum spp.
prickly ash plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:RMH
ITIS:160997
LANGUAL:B2296
http://eol.org/pages/986006
Mobula hypostoma
Mobula hypostoma (Bancroft, 1831)
mobula hypostoma
devil ray as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:112
FAO ASFIS:RMM
ITIS:160999
LANGUAL:B2297
http://eol.org/pages/213344
Mobula mobular (Bonnaterre, 1788)
mobula mobular
devilfish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2298
mobulidae
manta family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:403
FAO ASFIS:COE
ITIS:161341
LANGUAL:B2299
http://eol.org/pages/215394
Conger conger
Conger conger (Linnaeus, 1758)
conger conger
sea eel
conger eel as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2300
http://eol.org/pages/8292
congridae
conger eel family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:PES
ITIS:167793
LANGUAL:B2301
http://eol.org/pages/205142
Diplectrum formosum
Diplectrum formosum (Linnaeus, 1766)
diplectrum formosum
sand perch as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SDL
ITIS:162006
LANGUAL:B2302
http://eol.org/pages/205332
Stenodus leucichthys
Stenodus leucichthys (Güldenstädt, 1772)
shee fish
stenodus leucichthys
stenodus makenii
inconnu as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2303
http://eol.org/pages/5385
acanthuridae
surgeonfish family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SEM
ITIS:172531
LANGUAL:B2304
http://eol.org/pages/1012799
Seriolella brama
Seriolella brama (Günther, 1860)
seriolella brama
travelle
blue warehou as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:170422
LANGUAL:B2305
http://eol.org/pages/994427
Valamugil engeli (Bleeker, 1858-59)
mugil kandavensis
valamugil engeli
kanda as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2306
zanthoxylum piperitum
japan pepper plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:FSS
ITIS:166667
LANGUAL:B2307
http://eol.org/pages/205160
Channa striata
Channa striata (Bloch, 1793)
channa
channa striata
ophicephalus striatus
snakehead murrel
striped snakehead as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:642606
LANGUAL:B2308
http://eol.org/pages/204348
Parachanna obscura
Parachanna obscura (Günther, 1861)
ophicephalus obscurus
parachanna obscura
snake-head
snakehead as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2309
http://eol.org/pages/5349
channidae
snakehead family as food source
The Betel (Piper betle) is a spice whose leaves have medicinal properties. The plant is evergreen and perennial, with glossy heart-shaped leaves and white catkins, and grows to a height of about 1 metre. The Betel plant originated in Malaysia and now grows in India, Indonesia and Sri Lanka. The best Betel leaf is the "Magahi" variety (literally from the Magadha region) grown near Patna in Bihar, India. The plant is known by a series of different names in the regions in which it is consumed - among these are Vetrilai (Tamil) (Source:
WIKIPEDIA:Betel).
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2310
betle pepper
piper betle
betel plant as food source
Betel nut, also known as Pinang or Areca nut, is the seed of the Betel Palm (Areca catechu). Betel nuts are often chewed for their helpful effects, which are caused by the relatively high levels of alkaloids in the seed. Chewing betel nuts is an important and popular cultural activity in many Asian countries (Source:
WIKIPEDIA:Betel_nut).
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2311
areca catechu
betel nut palm plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:CTI
ITIS:160230
LANGUAL:B2312
http://eol.org/pages/994610
Mustelus canis
Mustelus canis (Mitchill, 1815)
gummy shark
mustelus canis
smooth dogfish
smooth hound
dusky smooth-hound as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LJH
ITIS:168885
LANGUAL:B2313
http://eol.org/pages/215845
Lutjanus johnii
Lutjanus johnii (Bloch, 1792)
blackspot snapper
lutjanus johnii
plainscaled snapper
thailand snapper
john's snapper as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2314
gasterochisma melampus
gastoro
butterfly mackerel as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:10757
LANGUAL:B2315
http://eol.org/pages/4414
Citrus natsudaidai Hayata
citrus aurantium subsp. nastridaidai
citrus natsudaidai
golden oriental grapefruit
summer tangerine
summer orange plant as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:HIY
ITIS:164087
LANGUAL:B2316
http://eol.org/pages/223144
Schilbe mystus (Linnaeus, 1758)
schilbe mystus
silver catfish as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:GPH
ITIS:162844
LANGUAL:B2317
http://eol.org/pages/211788
Phractolaemus ansorgii Boulenger 1901
Phractolaemus ansorgii Boulenger, 1901
phractolaemus ansorgii
african mudfish as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:NRN
ITIS:649174
LANGUAL:B2318
http://eol.org/pages/570862
Neetroplus nematopus Günther, 1867
hypsophrys nematopus
neetroplus nematopus
poor man's tropheus
LanguaL curation note: Renamed from NEAT (FISH), LanguaL 2009 (spelling mistake).
neet (fish) as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:KSM
ITIS:81578
LANGUAL:B2319
http://eol.org/pages/440075
Macrocallista maculata
Macrocallista maculata (Linnaeus, 1758)
macrocallista maculata
calico clam as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1218
FAO ASFIS:BOB
ITIS:95750
LANGUAL:B2320
http://eol.org/pages/317672
Xiphopenaeus kroyeri
Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (C. Heller, 1862)
Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller, 1862)
seabob
xiphopenaeus kroyeri
atlantic seabob as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1315
FAO ASFIS:TOS
LANGUAL:B2321
Turbo cornutus
Turbo cornutus Lightfoot 1786
nonodonta turbinata
turbo cornutus
top shell as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:568327
LANGUAL:B2322
http://eol.org/pages/491110
Stramonita haemastoma (Linnaeus, 1758)
florida rocksnail
stramonita haemastoma
thaididae
rock shell snail as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8322
GRIN:8862
ITIS:19109
LANGUAL:B2323
PLANTS:CASA3
http://eol.org/pages/594919
Cannabis sativa L.
cannabis sativa
marihuana plant
hemp plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:161808
LANGUAL:B2324
http://eol.org/pages/204185
Nematalosa vlaminghi
Nematalosa vlaminghi (Munro, 1956)
bony bream
fluvialosa vlaminghi
nematalosa vlaminghi
perth herring
western australia river gizzard shad
western australian gizzard shad as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2325
makaira nigricans
pacific blue marlin
blue marlin as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:205635
LANGUAL:B2326
http://eol.org/pages/2298
Ensis americanus (Gould, 1870)
ensis americanus
siligna patula
american razor clam as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:TPT
ITIS:166145
LANGUAL:B2327
http://eol.org/pages/211315
Paratrachichthys trailli
Paratrachichthys trailli (Hutton, 1875)
hoplostethus
paratrachichthys
sandpaper fish
roughy as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:513
FAO ASFIS:ORY
FDA RFE 2010:21
ITIS:166139
LANGUAL:B2328
http://eol.org/pages/206716
Hoplostethus atlanticus
Hoplostethus atlanticus Collett, 1889
deep sea perch
hoplostethus atlanticus
orange roughy as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2329
trichilia emetica
mafurra plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2330
dolichos plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:
LANGUAL:B2331
Phleum pratense L.
phleum pratense
timothy plant as food source
*Melilotus officinalis*, known as the yellow sweet clover, yellow melilot, ribbed melilot or common melilot is a species of legume native to Eurasia and introduced in North America, Africa and Australia.
WIKIPEDIA:Melilotus_officinalis
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11138
GRIN:24009
ITIS:26150
LANGUAL:B2332
PLANTS:MEOF
http://eol.org/pages/704023
Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.
Melilotus officinalis Lam.
melilot
melilotus officinalis
yellow sweet clover
sweet clover plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13634
GRIN:300623
ITIS:26313
LANGUAL:B2333
PLANTS:TRPR2
http://eol.org/pages/703430
Trifolium pratense L.
trifolium pratense
red clover plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:284
ITIS:162143
LANGUAL:B2334
http://eol.org/pages/223146
Esox niger
Esox niger Lesueur, 1818
eastern pickerel
esox niger
esox reticulatus
chain pickerel as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:630
FAO ASFIS:CXR
ITIS:168615
LANGUAL:B2335
http://eol.org/pages/221352
Carangoides ruber
Carangoides ruber (Bloch, 1793)
Caranx ruber (Bloch 1793)
Caranx ruber (Bloch, 1793)
carangoides ruber
caranx ruber
carrang
bar jack as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:608
FAO ASFIS:FPE
ITIS:168470
LANGUAL:B2336
http://eol.org/pages/223357
Perca fluviatilis
Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758
european perch
perca fluviatilis
river perch
eurasian perch as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:13114
LANGUAL:B2337
Dactylis glomerata L.
cocksfoot
dactylis glomerata
orchard grass plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:16631
LANGUAL:B2338
Festuca arundinacea Schreb.
alta fescue
festuca arundinacea
festuca elatior
meadow fescue
tall fescue
reed fescue plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2339
african marigold
big marigold
tagetes erecta
aztec marigold plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12474
GRIN:403169
ITIS:506987
LANGUAL:B2340
PLANTS:FRPU7
http://eol.org/pages/4381
Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper
Frangula purshiana (DC.) J. G. Cooper
Rhamnus purshiana DC.
frangula purshiana
rhamnus purshiana
cascara buckthorn plant as food source
Job's Tears, Coixseed, adlay, or adlai, is a tall grain-bearing tropical plant of the family Poaceae (grass family) native to East Asia and peninsular Malaysia but elsewhere cultivated in gardens as an annual. The variety Coix lacryma-jobi var. ma-yuen is harvested as a cereal crop and is used medicinally in parts of Asia. [wikipedia]
http://langual.org
GRIN:11129
ITIS:41586
LANGUAL:B2341
MANSFELD:36435
PLANTS:COLA
http://eol.org/pages/1114853
Coix lacryma-jobi L.
coix lacryma-jobi
job's tears plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2342
http://eol.org/pages/7127
cangrejos
gecarcinidae
land crab family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:KAQ
ITIS:660179
LANGUAL:B2343
http://eol.org/pages/313428
Lithodes aequispina Benedict 1894
Lithodes aequispinus
Lithodes aequispinus J. E. Benedict, 1895
lithodes aequispina
golden king crab as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2344
amorphophallus konjac
amorphophallus rivieri
hydrosme rivieri
leopard palm
devils tongue plant as food source
http://langual.org
BASIS:256
GRIN:70672
ITIS:28812
LANGUAL:B2347
http://eol.org/pages/582274
Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi
Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi
christmas berry tree
schinus terebinthifolia
schinus terebinthifolius
brazilian pepper tree as food source
*Aloe vera* is a species of succulent plant that probably originated in northern Africa. The species does not have any naturally occurring populations, although closely related aloes do occur in northern Africa. The species is frequently cited as being used in herbal medicine since the beginning of the first century AD. Extracts from *Aloe vera* are widely used in the cosmetics and alternative medicine industries, being marketed as variously having rejuvenating, healing or soothing properties.
WIKIPEDIA:Aloe_vera
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7384
GRIN:311403
ITIS:182653
LANGUAL:B2348
PLANTS:ALVE2
http://eol.org/pages/1085598
Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f.
Aloë vera (L.) Burm. fil.
aloe barbadensis
aloe vera
aloë vera
barbados aloe plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12385
GRIN:30398
ITIS:25293
LANGUAL:B2349
PLANTS:PYCO2
http://eol.org/pages/635933
Pyracantha coccinea M. Roem.
Pyracantha coccinea M. Roemer
Pyracantha coccinea M.Roem.
pyracantha coccinea
fire thorn plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1274
FAO ASFIS:CRK
ITIS:98679
LANGUAL:B2350
http://eol.org/pages/1021309
Cancer irroratus
Cancer irroratus Say, 1817
cancer irroratus
atlantic rock crab as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2351
http://eol.org/pages/1215
cancridae
rack crabs
rock crab family as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12952
GRIN:33443
ITIS:42090
LANGUAL:B2352
MANSFELD:33999
PLANTS:SECE
http://eol.org/pages/1115159
Secale cereale L.
Secale cereale subsp. cereale
rye, common
secale cereale
common rye plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:JSC
LANGUAL:B2353
http://eol.org/pages/2249
Patinopecten yessoensis
Patinopecten yessoensis (Jay 1857)
amusium japanic
patinopecten yessoensis
japanese scallop as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:81477
LANGUAL:B2354
http://eol.org/pages/395921
Venerupis philippinarum
Venerupis philippinarum (A. Adams and Reeve, 1850)
asari
manila clam
tapes japonica
tapes philippinarum
venerupis philippinarum
japanese littleneck clam as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2355
allium cepa
cipollini onion
cipollini plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1398
FAO ASFIS:CLS
ITIS:81692
LANGUAL:B2356
http://eol.org/pages/492903
Mya arenaria
Mya arenaria Linnaeus, 1758
maninose clam
mya arenaria
steamer
softshell clam as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LQJ
ITIS:69732
LANGUAL:B2357
http://eol.org/pages/621237
Lottia gigantea
Lottia gigantea (Sowerby, 1934)
Lottia gigantea G. B. Sowerby I, 1834
giant owl limpet
limpet, giant owl
lottia gigantea
owl limpet as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
LANGUAL:B2358
http://eol.org/pages/2379
Fissurella maxima
fissurella maxima
giant keyhole limpet as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:538
FAO ASFIS:MUB
ITIS:170338
LANGUAL:B2359
http://eol.org/pages/356328
Mugil liza
Mugil liza Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1836
Mugil liza Valenciennes, 1836
lebranche mullet
mugil brasiliensis
mugil liza
liza as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11881
GRIN:28113
ITIS:28366
LANGUAL:B2360
PLANTS:PHAC3
http://eol.org/pages/1153259
Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels
mayom
phyllanthus acidus
otaheite gooseberry plant
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2362
agropyron spicatum
bluebunch wheatgrass
wheatgrass plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2363
shorea robusta
sal tree as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2365
merluccius merluccius
european hake as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:848
FAO ASFIS:CTA
LANGUAL:B2366
http://eol.org/pages/5348
Cheilodactylus bergi Norman 1937
Cheilodactylus bergi Norman, 1937
cheilodactylus bergi
morwong as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2367
http://eol.org/pages/5265
Pinguipes Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829
pinguipes spp.
sandperch as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2368
pinguipedidae
sandperch family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:227
FAO ASFIS:FVE
ITIS:161963
LANGUAL:B2369
http://eol.org/pages/223193
Coregonus albula
Coregonus albula (Linnaeus, 1758)
coregonus albula
vendace as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:CNS
ITIS:161807
LANGUAL:B2370
http://eol.org/pages/204183
Nematalosa nasus (Bloch, 1795)
gizzard shad
nematalosa nasus
bloch's gizzard shad as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2372
http://eol.org/pages/8247
adrianichthyidae
ricefish family as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:AUC
ITIS:680765
LANGUAL:B2374
http://eol.org/pages/223949
Arius caelatus Valenciennes, 1840
Nemapteryx nenga (Hamilton, 1822)
arius caelatus
arius upsulonothorus
felichthys felis
galeichthys felis
nemapteryx nenga
tachysurus caelatus
sea catfish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:717
FAO ASFIS:STG
ITIS:169241
LANGUAL:B2375
http://eol.org/pages/357147
Cynoscion regalis
Cynoscion regalis (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Cynoscion regalis (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
acaupa
cynoscion regalis
cynoscion acoupa
gray weakfish
gray seatrout as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:POB
FDA RFE 2010:49
ITIS:168785
LANGUAL:B2377
http://eol.org/pages/994621
Parastromateus niger
Parastromateus niger (Bloch, 1795)
apolectus niger
parastromateus niger
black pomfret as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:WKS
ITIS:646597
LANGUAL:B2380
http://eol.org/pages/210895
Cynoscion striatus
Cynoscion striatus (Cuvier, 1829)
cynoscion striatus
south american striped weakfish
striped weakfish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:638
FAO ASFIS:RRU
ITIS:168738
LANGUAL:B2382
http://eol.org/pages/224373
Elagatis bipinnulata
Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)
Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824)
Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825)
elagatis bipinnulata
rainbow runner as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:921
ITIS:171673
LANGUAL:B2383
http://eol.org/pages/206899
Ammodytes americanus
Ammodytes americanus De Kay, 1842
Ammodytes americanus DeKay, 1842
ammodytes americanus
american sand lance as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:NBR
ITIS:168607
LANGUAL:B2384
http://eol.org/pages/597832
Carangoides bartholomaei
Carangoides bartholomaei (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1833)
Caranx bartholomaei Cuvier 1833
carangoides bartholomaei
caranx bartholomaei
yellow jack as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:YSW
ITIS:616427
LANGUAL:B2385
http://eol.org/pages/223364
Paralichthys woolmani Jordan & Williams, 1897
Paralichthys woolmani Jordan and Williams in Gilbert, 1897
paralichthys woolmani
speckled flounder as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1381
FAO ASFIS:HCJ
LANGUAL:B2386
http://eol.org/pages/2310
Meretrix lusoria (Roding, 1798)
Meretrix lusoria (Röding, 1798)
meretrix lusoria
japanese hard clam as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:GSU
LANGUAL:B2388
http://eol.org/pages/5203
Pagrus auratus (Bloch & Schneider 1801)
chrysophrys unicolor
pagrus auratus
squirefish
sea bream as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:834
ITIS:170735
LANGUAL:B2389
http://eol.org/pages/219191
Labrus viridis Linnaeus, 1758
labrus viridis
wrasse as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:MKV
ITIS:167764
LANGUAL:B2390
http://eol.org/pages/207352
Mycteroperca venenosa
Mycteroperca venenosa (Linnaeus, 1758)
mycteroperca venenosa
yellowfin grouper as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:650
FAO ASFIS:AMB
ITIS:168689
LANGUAL:B2391
http://eol.org/pages/993271
Seriola dumerili
Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810)
amberjack, greater
seriola dumerili
greater amberjack as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:526
FAO ASFIS:BAC
ITIS:170433
LANGUAL:B2392
http://eol.org/pages/211500
Sphyraena jello
Sphyraena jello Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829
Sphyraena jello Cuvier, 1829
giant sea pike
sphyraena jello
pickhandle barracuda as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:616423
LANGUAL:B2393
http://eol.org/pages/5174
Paralichthys microps
Paralichthys microps (Günther, 1881)
paralichthys microps
smalleye flounder as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2394
http://eol.org/pages/24020
globefish
sphoeroides spp.
puffer as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:
LANGUAL:B2397
Brassica rapa L. subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt
chinese mustard cabbage
mustard cabbage plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2398
http://eol.org/pages/61097
spondias dulcis
spondias lutea
spondias mombin
spondias purpurea
spondias spp.
ciruela plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:800
FAO ASFIS:SCP
ITIS:169182
LANGUAL:B2399
http://eol.org/pages/212966
Stenotomus chrysops
Stenotomus chrysops (Linnaeus, 1766)
stenotomus chrysops
scup as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2400
maranta arundinacea
arrowroot plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1182
FAO ASFIS:MON
ITIS:164501
LANGUAL:B2401
http://eol.org/pages/206728
Lophius piscatorius
Lophius piscatorius Linnaeus, 1758
allmouth
anglerfish
frogfish
lophius piscatorius
monkfish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:ATO
ITIS:553273
LANGUAL:B2402
http://eol.org/pages/224315
Catostomus commersoni (Lacepède 1803)
Catostomus commersonii
Catostomus commersonii (Lacepède, 1803)
buffalo fish (catostomus)
catostomus commersoni
white sucker as food source
http://langual.org
FISHBASE:
LANGUAL:B2403
Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758)
lepomis gibbosus
pumpkinseed as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2404
http://eol.org/pages/5448
lophiiformes
fish, lophiiform as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2405
http://eol.org/pages/5455
lophiidae
goosefish family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2406
http://eol.org/pages/7664
ursidae
bear as food source
Beefalo are a fertile hybrid offspring of domestic cattle, Bos taurus, and the American bison, Bison bison (generally called buffalo in the US). The breed was created to combine the characteristics of both animals with a view towards beef production.
WIKIPEDIA:Beefalo
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2407
beefalo as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1492
FAO ASFIS:JEL
LANGUAL:B2408
Rhopilema spp
Rhopilema spp.
medusae
rhopilema spp.
jellyfish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2409
coelenterata
coelenterate as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2412
chelonia mydas
green turtle as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2413
malademys spp.
diamondback terrapin as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2414
toor
yellow pea plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8114
GRIN:311416
ITIS:23062
LANGUAL:B2415
MANSFELD:23903
http://eol.org/pages/583899
Brassica oleracea L.
Brassica oleracea L. var. sabauda L.
Brassica oleracea var. sabauda L.
brassica oleracea var. bullata
savoy cabbage plant as food source
The Chinese Chestnut (Castanea mollissima) is a species of chestnut native to China. The fruit is a densely spiny cupule 4-8 cm diameter, containing two or three glossy brown nuts.
WIKIPEDIA:Chinese_chestnut
http://langual.org
GRIN:9442
ITIS:501318
LANGUAL:B2416
MANSFELD:17775
PLANTS:CAMO83
http://eol.org/pages/1148512
Castanea mollissima Blume
castanea mollissima
chinese hairy chestnut
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the chestnut fruit (nut) index both *CHINESE CHESTNUT [B2416]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
chinese chestnut plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:9434
ITIS:506540
LANGUAL:B2417
MANSFELD:17788
PLANTS:CACR27
http://eol.org/pages/1148515
Castanea crenata Sieb. & Zucc.
Castanea crenata Siebold & Zucc.
castanea crenata
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the chestnut fruit (nut) index both *JAPANESE CHESTNUT [B2417]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
japanese chestnut plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7316
GRIN:2276
ITIS:185463
LANGUAL:B2418
MANSFELD:126
PLANTS:ALFI4
http://eol.org/pages/1084499
Allium fistulosum L.
allium fistulosum
japanese bunching onion
spanish onion
welsh onion plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:2409
LANGUAL:B2419
MANSFELD:64
NETTOX:
Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng.
allium tuberosum
chive, chinese
garlic chive
oriental garlic
chinese chive plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2420
coccinea cordifolia
coccinea grandis
coccinea indica
ivy gourd plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8103
GRIN:7670
ITIS:23062
LANGUAL:B2421
PLANTS:BRAL8
http://eol.org/pages/583899
Brassica alboglabra L.H. Bailey
Brassica oleracea L.
Brassica oleracea L. var. alboglabra (L.H.Bailey)
Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra (L. H. Bailey) Musil
brassica oleracea var. alboglabra
chinese broccoli
chinese kale plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2422
http://eol.org/pages/5380
anabantidae
gurami
climbing perch family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2423
http://eol.org/pages/5276
Trichopsis Canestrini, 1860
gouramy
trichopsis spp.
croaking gourami as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2424
http://eol.org/pages/24399
selar spp.
bigeye scad as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2425
http://eol.org/pages/8296
amiiformes
fish, amiiform as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2426
freshwater bass as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:594
FAO ASFIS:MPJ
ITIS:550562
LANGUAL:B2427
http://eol.org/pages/207898
Micropterus dolomieu
Micropterus dolomieu Lacepède, 1802
Micropterus dolomieui Lacepède, 1802
Micropterus dolomieui Lacépède, 1801
micropterus dolomieui
smallmouth bass as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2428
salt-brackish water bass as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:376
FAO ASFIS:SOM
ITIS:164068
LANGUAL:B2431
http://eol.org/pages/224550
Silurus glanis
Silurus glanis Linnaeus, 1758
sheatfish
silurus glanis
wels catfish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2432
http://eol.org/pages/2217
anadara clams nei
anadara spp.
arca spp.
arcidae
barbatia spp.
arkshells as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:TKG
ITIS:158344
LANGUAL:B2433
http://eol.org/pages/597386
Parastichopus californicus (Stimpson, 1857)
Parastichopus californicus Stimpson
cucumaria spp.
parastichopus californicus
sea slug
sea cucumber as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2434
http://eol.org/pages/12679
tilapia spp.
tilapia as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2435
amiidae
bowfin family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:140
FAO ASFIS:AAC
ITIS:161104
LANGUAL:B2436
http://eol.org/pages/223782
Amia calva
Amia calva Linnaeus, 1766
amia calva
mudfish
bowfin as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2438
Crotalus Linnaeus, 1758
crotalus
rattlesnake as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2439
http://eol.org/pages/1658
cebidae
monkey as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2440
alligator spp.
alligator as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2441
crocodylidae
crocodylus spp.
crocodile as food source
Centella asiatica, commonly centella, is a small, herbaceous, annual plant of the family Mackinlayaceae or subfamily Mackinlayoideae of family Apiaceae, and is native to India, Sri Lanka, northern Australia, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Melanesia, Papua New Guinea, and other parts of Asia.[1] It is used as a medicinal herb in Ayurvedic medicine, traditional African medicine, and traditional Chinese medicine. Botanical synonyms include *Hydrocotyle asiatica* L. and *Trisanthus cochinchinensis* (Lour.).
WIKIPEDIA:Centella_asiatica
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8481
GRIN:9831
ITIS:29612
LANGUAL:B2442
PLANTS:CEAS
http://eol.org/pages/581713
Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.
Centella asiatica (L.) Urban
centella asiatica
hydrocotyle
hydrocotyle asiatica
indian pennywort
spadeleaf
asiatic pennywort plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:21959
LANGUAL:B2443
Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
ipil-ipil
jumbie bean
leadtree
leucaena leucocephala
leucaena plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7887
GRIN:6161
ITIS:29012
LANGUAL:B2444
PLANTS:AZIN2
http://eol.org/pages/581909
Azadirachta indica A. Juss.
Azadirachta indica A.Juss.
Azadirachta indica Adr. Juss.
azadirachta indica
neem plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2445
neptunia prostrata
water mimosa plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:7290
ITIS:19122
LANGUAL:B2447
PLANTS:BONI2
http://eol.org/pages/594795
Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaud.
Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich.
boehmeria nivea
china grass
chinese grass
chinese silk plant
white ramie
ramie plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9418
GRIN:14755
ITIS:506099
LANGUAL:B2448
MANSFELD:25525
PLANTS:DUZI
http://eol.org/pages/483665
Durio zibethinus L.
Durio zibethinus Murray
durio zibethinus
durian plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:33013
LANGUAL:B2449
PLANTS:SAKO4
Sandoricum koetjape (Burm. f.) Merr.
red santol
sandoricum koetjape
santol plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2450
brake (plant)
pteridium aquilinum
pteris aquilina
bracken fern plant as food source
Lilium bulbs are starchy and edible as root vegetables, although bulbs of some species may be very bitter. The non-bitter bulbs of L. lancifolium, L. pumilum, and especially L. brownii are grown at large scale in China as a luxury or health food, most often sold in dry form. They are eaten especially in the summer, for their ability to reduce internal heat. They may be reconstituted and stir-fried, grated and used to thicken soup, or processed to extract starch. Their texture and taste draw comparison with the potato, although the individual bulb scales are much smaller (Source:
WIKIPEDIA:Lily).
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2451
lilium spp.
lily plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8653
GRIN:10543
ITIS:36763
LANGUAL:B2452
PLANTS:CIIN
http://eol.org/pages/467862
Cichorium intybus L.
cichorium intybus
radicchio plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2453
pteridophyta
fern plant as food source
*Acacia pennata* (English: Climbing wattle, Thai: Cha-om, Burmese Su pout ywet) is a species of acacia which is native to South and Southeast Asia. In Burma, Laos and Thailand, the feathery shoots of Acacia pennata are used in soups, curries, omelettes and stir-fries. The edible shoots are picked up before they become tough and thorny.
WIKIPEDIA:Cha_om
http://langual.org
GRIN:954
LANGUAL:B2455
Acacia pennata (L.) Willd.
acacia pennata
cha om
climbing wattle plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2456
pak kard plant as food source
*Piper sarmentosum* is a plant in the *Piperaceae* family used in many Southeast Asian cuisines. The leaves are often confused with betel, but they lack the intense taste of the betel leaves and are significantly smaller.
WIKIPEDIA:Piper_sarmentosum
http://langual.org
GRIN:423501
LANGUAL:B2457
http://eol.org/pages/4351
Piper sarmentosum Roxb.
piper sarmentosum
chaa phluu plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2458
sato
sataw plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1344
FAO ASFIS:SCB
ITIS:79737
LANGUAL:B2459
http://eol.org/pages/451516
Argopecten irradians
Argopecten irradians (Lamarck, 1819)
argopecten irradians
bay scallop as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:749
FAO ASFIS:RDM
FDA RFE 2010:60
ITIS:169290
LANGUAL:B2460
http://eol.org/pages/993263
Sciaenops ocellatus
Sciaenops ocellatus (Linnaeus, 1766)
sciaenops ocellatus
red drum as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2461
careya sphaerica
phak kradon
kradon plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10480
GRIN:20138
ITIS:30759
LANGUAL:B2462
MANSFELD:21561
PLANTS:IPAQ
http://eol.org/pages/580959
Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.
Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.
chinese water spinach
ipomoea aquatica
swamp morning glory
swamp morning-glory
swamp morningglory
water spinach
chinese swamp cabbage plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2463
macrotyloma uniflorum
horse gram bean plant as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:AMS
ITIS:83691
LANGUAL:B2464
http://eol.org/pages/1020243
Artemia salina (Linnaeus, 1758)
Artemia salina Linnaeus, 1758
artemia salina
brine shrimp as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2465
http://eol.org/pages/277
artemiidae
brine shrimps
LanguaL curation note: Renamed from Anostraca shrimp family (order Anostraca Sars, 1867).
artemiidae shrimp family as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8701
GRIN:10759
ITIS:506397
LANGUAL:B2468
MANSFELD:7684
PLANTS:CINO3
http://eol.org/pages/4414
Citrus nobilis Lour.
citrus nobilis cv. king
king mandarin orange
king orange plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:314330
LANGUAL:B2469
http://eol.org/pages/4414
Citrus temple hort. ex Yu. Tanaka
citrus nobilis cv. temple
citrus temple
temple orange plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2470
http://eol.org/pages/25488
isurus spp.
longfin mako
shortfin mako
shortfin makos
mako shark as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SMA
FDA RFE 2010:24
ITIS:159924
LANGUAL:B2471
http://eol.org/pages/356797
Isurus oxyrinchus
Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810
isurus oxyrinchus
shortfin mako shark as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:20
FAO ASFIS:LMA
ITIS:159926
LANGUAL:B2472
http://eol.org/pages/206719
Isurus paucus
Isurus paucus Guitart Manday, 1966
isurus paucus
longfin mako shark as food source
Eaten in the immature state in Europe and the Orient.
<SCINAM>Lathyrus aphaca L.
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2473
lathyrus aphaca
matrie plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9597
GRIN:15697
LANGUAL:B2474
MANSFELD:24173
Eruca sativa Mill.
Eruca vesicaria ssp. sativa (P. Mill.) Thellung
arugula
eruca sativa
eruca vesicaria sativa
rocket-salad
rugula
rocket plant as food source
Eragrostis tef, known as Xaafii, (Oromiffa), teff, taf, is an annual grass, a species of lovegrass native to the northern Ethiopian Highlands of Northeast Africa.
WIKIPEDIA:Eragrostis_tef
http://langual.org
GRIN:15320
ITIS:40738
LANGUAL:B2475
PLANTS:ERTE
http://eol.org/pages/1114367
Eragrostis tef (Zuccagni) Trotter
eragrostis tef
teff plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2478
http://eol.org/pages/5490
gasterosteiformes
fish, gasterosteiform as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12296
GRIN:30099
ITIS:24764
LANGUAL:B2479
PLANTS:PRSE2
http://eol.org/pages/791911
Prunus serotina Ehrh.
prunus serotina
wild black cherry
black cherry plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:PVV
ITIS:96391
LANGUAL:B2480
http://eol.org/pages/1021526
Palaemonetes vulgaris
Palaemonetes vulgaris (Say, 1818)
common american prawn
common grass shrimp
marsh grass shrimp
marsh shrimp
palaemonetes vulgaris
grass shrimp as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:WEC
ITIS:168725
LANGUAL:B2481
http://eol.org/pages/205453
Decapterus punctatus
Decapterus punctatus (Cuvier, 1829)
decapterus punctatus
round scad as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:835
FAO ASFIS:LCX
ITIS:170566
LANGUAL:B2482
http://eol.org/pages/212275
Lachnolaimus maximus
Lachnolaimus maximus (Walbaum, 1792)
capitan
lachnolaimus maximus
hogfish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2483
http://eol.org/pages/5494
gasterosteidae
stickleback family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2484
scomberesox spp.
saury as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2485
http://eol.org/pages/27358
genypterus spp.
kingklip as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2486
squat lobster
langostino lobster as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:CRY
FDA RFE 2010:26
ITIS:646548
LANGUAL:B2487
http://eol.org/pages/210576
Larimichthys polyactis
Larimichthys polyactis (Bleeker, 1877)
larimichthys polyactis
little yellow croaker
pseudosciaena manchurica
redlip croaker
yellow croaker as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SEP
ITIS:172534
LANGUAL:B2488
http://eol.org/pages/1012800
Seriolella punctata
Seriolella punctata (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
Seriolella punctata (Forster, 1801)
polysteganus argyrosomus
seriolella maculata
seriolella punctata
silver warehou
silverfish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1142
FAO ASFIS:GSM
ITIS:173021
LANGUAL:B2489
http://eol.org/pages/205189
Buglossidium luteum
Buglossidium luteum (Risso, 1810)
buglossidium luteum
yellow sole as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:PPL
ITIS:168710
LANGUAL:B2490
http://eol.org/pages/356298
Trachinotus goodei
Trachinotus goodei Jordan & Evermann, 1896
Trachinotus goodei Jordan and Evermann, 1896
garrick
glaucus
great pompano
trachinotus glaucus
palometa as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2491
http://eol.org/pages/41589
bay lobster
sand lobster
scyllarides spp.
slipper lobster as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7987
GRIN:6992
ITIS:18837
LANGUAL:B2492
MANSFELD:25732
PLANTS:BEVU
http://eol.org/pages/596556
Berberis vulgaris L.
berberis vulgaris
barberry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13167
GRIN:101310
ITIS:505840
LANGUAL:B2493
PLANTS:SOMU5
http://eol.org/pages/595310
Solanum muricatum Aiton
melon pear
melon shrub
pear melon
solanum muricatum
pepino plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2495
http://eol.org/pages/699
formicidae
ant (insect) as food source
The grasshopper is an insect of the suborder Caelifera in the order Orthoptera. To distinguish it from bush crickets or katydids, it is sometimes referred to as the short-horned grasshopper. Species that change colour and behaviour at high population densities are called locusts.
WIKIPEDIA:Grasshopper
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2496
http://eol.org/pages/2634375
Acheta domesticus
caelifera
grasshopper as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2497
http://eol.org/pages/8250
aulopiformes
fish, aulopiform as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2498
synodontidae
lizardfish family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:290
FAO ASFIS:BUC
ITIS:162425
LANGUAL:B2499
http://eol.org/pages/220324
Harpadon nehereus
Harpadon nehereus (Hamilton, 1822)
Harpadon nehereus Hamilton-Buchanan, 1822
bumalo
bummalow
harpadon nehereus
bombay duck as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2501
arctica spp.
mercenaria spp.
quahog as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9124
GRIN:12901
ITIS:39888
LANGUAL:B2503
MANSFELD:20613
PLANTS:CYES
http://eol.org/pages/1121991
Cyperus esculentus L.
cyperus rotundus
nutgrass
purple nutsedge
nutsedge plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:26917
GRIN:409667
GRIN:409668
ITIS:41040
LANGUAL:B2504
PLANTS:PASC6
PLANTS:PASCB
http://eol.org/pages/1114553
Paspalum scrobiculatum L.
Paspalum scrobiculatum L. var. bispicatum Hack.
Paspalum scrobiculatum var. bispicatum Hack.
Paspalum scrobiculatum var. scrobiculatum
indian paspalum
koda millet
kodra millet
paspalum scrobiculatum
ricegrass
ricegrass paspalum
kodo millet plant as food source
The millets are a group of small-seeded species of cereal crops or grains, widely grown around the world for food and fodder. They do not form a taxonomic group, but rather a functional or agronomic one. Their essential similarities are that they are small-seeded grasses grown in difficult production environments such as those at risk of drought. They have been in cultivation in East Asia for the last 10,000 years.
WIKIPEDIA:Millet
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2505
http://eol.org/pages/8223
poaceae
millet plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12268
GRIN:29866
ITIS:24773
LANGUAL:B2506
MANSFELD:9212
PLANTS:PRCE
http://eol.org/pages/242597
Cerasus vulgaris Austera Group
Prunus cerasus L.
sour cherry
morello cherry plant as food source
The spaghetti squash (*Cucurbita pepo* var. *fastigata*) (also called vegetable spaghetti, noodle squash, vegetable marrow, spaghetti marrow, and squaghetti) is an oblong seed-bearing variety of winter squash. The fruit can range either from ivory to yellow or orange in color. The orange varieties have a higher carotene content. Its center contains many large seeds. Its flesh is bright yellow or orange. When raw, the flesh is solid and similar to other raw squash; when cooked, the flesh falls away from the fruit in ribbons or strands like spaghetti.
WIKIPEDIA:Spaghetti_squash
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2508
cucurbita pepo var. fastigata
vegetable spaghetti
spaghetti squash plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:12601
LANGUAL:B2509
MANSFELD:4090
NETTOX:
Cucurbita moschata Duch.
cucurbita moschata var. butternut
butternut squash plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:
GRIN:311569
LANGUAL:B2510
Cucurbita maxima Duchesne subsp. maxima
cucurbita maxima var. banana
cucurbita maxima var. maxima
banana squash plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2511
cucurbita maxima var. hubbard
hubbard squash plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:26062
ITIS:506651
LANGUAL:B2512
PLANTS:ORGL2
http://eol.org/pages/1115583
Oryza glaberrima Steud.
Oryza glaberrima Steudel
oryza glaberrima
red rice
rice, red
african rice plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7882
GRIN:6157
ITIS:506370
LANGUAL:B2513
PLANTS:AVBI
http://eol.org/pages/483572
Averrhoa bilimbi L.
averrhoa bilimbi
blimbing
cucumber tree
tree sorrel
bilimbi plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2515
aiwain
ajawain
ajwan
carum copticum
trachyspermum copticum
ajowan plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:263
FAO ASFIS:PCA
ITIS:162027
LANGUAL:B2516
http://eol.org/pages/994386
Plecoglossus altivelis
Plecoglossus altivelis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
Plecoglossus altivelis (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846)
Plecoglossus altivelis Temminck and Schlegel, 1846
Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846)
plecoglossus altivelis
ayu as food source
Semecarpus anacardium is a native of India, found in the outer Himalayas to Coromandel Coast. It is closely related to the cashew.It is known as bhallatak in India and was called "marking nut" by Europeans, because it was used by washermen to mark cloth and clothing before washing, as it imparted a water insoluble mark to the cloth. It is also known as ker beeja in Kannada and bibba in Marathi.
WIKIPEDIA:Semecarpus_anacardium
http://langual.org
GRIN:33598
ITIS:506459
LANGUAL:B2517
PLANTS:SEAN7
http://eol.org/pages/483492
Semecarpus anacardium L. f.
markingnut tree
semecarpus anacardium
oriental cashew plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2518
benincasa hispida var.
chinese vegetable marrow
hairy melon
mogwa
fuzzy melon plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2519
groundcherry
husk tomato
physalis spp.
ground cherry plant as food source
A cross between red raspberry and other bramble berry species [The Plant Book, Cambridge University Press 1990, page 571].
Tayberry (Rubus idaeus x fruticosus) is a cultivated shrub in the genus Rubus of the family Rosaceae patented in 1979 as a cross between a loganberry and the black raspberry .
WIKIPEDIA:Tayberry
http://langual.org
GRIN:104968
LANGUAL:B2520
http://eol.org/pages/8097
Rubus loganobaccus L. H. Bailey
rubus idaeus x fructicosus
tayberry plant
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2523
cabocha squash
cucurbita moschata
japanese pumpkin
kabocha squash
nam gwa
japanese squash plant as food source
Seeds of prickly water-lily frequently cultivated in India and China.
http://langual.org
GRIN:16447
ITIS:506588
LANGUAL:B2524
MANSFELD:11779
PLANTS:EUFE6
http://eol.org/pages/485242
Euryale ferox Salisb.
fox nut
gorgon nut
euryale plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:49
FAO ASFIS:GAG
ITIS:160181
LANGUAL:B2525
http://eol.org/pages/217962
Galeorhinus galeus
Galeorhinus galeus (Linnaeus, 1758)
galeorhinus galeus
grey shark
greyboy
school shark
tope shark as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2526
http://eol.org/pages/5415
notacanthidae
spiny eel family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:NNN
ITIS:161690
LANGUAL:B2527
http://eol.org/pages/207980
Notacanthus chemnitzii
Notacanthus chemnitzii Bloch, 1788
notacanthus chemnitzi
spiny eel as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:137
FAO ASFIS:HUH
ITIS:161084
LANGUAL:B2528
http://eol.org/pages/994822
Huso huso
Huso huso (Linnaeus, 1758)
huso huso
beluga as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1028
FAO ASFIS:FPC
ITIS:172585
LANGUAL:B2529
http://eol.org/pages/222264
Anabas testudineus
Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792)
Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1795)
anabas testudineus
climbing perch as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2530
http://eol.org/pages/25902
bembrops spp.
flathead as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:BMQ
ITIS:170997
LANGUAL:B2531
http://eol.org/pages/211203
Bembrops anatirostris Ginsburg, 1955
bembrops anatirostris
duckbill flathead as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:170998
LANGUAL:B2532
http://eol.org/pages/218751
Bembrops gobioides (Goode, 1880)
bembrops gobioides
goby flathead as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2533
http://eol.org/pages/8284
nettastomatidae
duckbill eel family as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:636199
LANGUAL:B2534
http://eol.org/pages/204362
Muraenesox bagio (Hamilton, 1822)
muraenesox bagio
pike-conger as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:636217
LANGUAL:B2535
Hoplunnis diomediana
Hoplunnis diomediana Goode and Bean, 1896
hoplunnis diomediana
pike-conger, blacktail
blacktail pike-conger as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:636218
LANGUAL:B2536
http://eol.org/pages/221427
Hoplunnis macrura
Hoplunnis macrura Ginsburg, 1951
hoplunnis macrura
freckled pike-conger as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2537
spotted pike-conger as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:GEC
ITIS:81779
LANGUAL:B2538
http://eol.org/pages/440073
Panopea abrupta
Panopea abrupta (Conrad, 1849)
clam, pacific geoduck
panopea abrupta
pacific geoduck as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:16772
LANGUAL:B2539
Ficus aspera G. Forst.
ficus aspera
mosaic fig
clown fig plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2541
http://eol.org/pages/17798
goby
periophthalmus spp.
mudskipper as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2542
http://eol.org/pages/5319
gobiidae
goby family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2543
http://eol.org/pages/5483
gonorynchiformes
fish, gonorynchiform as food source
American Fisheries Society.
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2544
http://eol.org/pages/8298
albuliformes
fish, albuliform as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2545
http://eol.org/pages/8295
anguillidae
freshwater eel family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2546
http://eol.org/pages/5348
cheilodactylidae
jackassfish
morwong family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2547
siluridae
sheatfish family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2548
http://eol.org/pages/5487
chanidae
milkfish family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2549
california pepper
chili verde pepper
pepper, anaheim
anaheim pepper plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2550
ancho pepper plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2551
pepper, arbol
arbol pepper plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2552
pepper, cascabel
sleigh bell pepper
cascabel pepper plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2553
http://eol.org/pages/1874
lamniformes
mackerel shark
fish, lamniform as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2554
pepper, guajillo
guajillo pepper plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2555
pepper, habanero
habanero pepper plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2556
bird cherry pepper
capsicum annuum, cerasiforme group
creole cherry pepper
hot cherry pepper
hungarian cherry pepper
pepper, hot cherry
cherry pepper plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2557
pepper, mulato
mulato pepper plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2558
chili de ristra pepper
pepper, new mexico red
wreath chili pepper
new mexico red pepper plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2559
pepper, poblano
poblano pepper plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2560
pepper, pasilla
pasilla pepper plant as food source
Pequin (or Piquin) pepper a hot chili pepper cultivar commonly used as a spice. Taxonomically, it is classified within variety *glabriusculum* of the species *Capsicum annuum*.
WIKIPEDIA:Pequin_pepper
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8332
GRIN:102342
LANGUAL:B2561
PLANTS:CAANG
Capsicum annuum L.
Capsicum annuum L. var. glabriusculum (Dunal) Heiser & Pickersgill
Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum (Dunal) Heiser & Pickersgill
american bird pepper
bird pepper
chile pequin
chilipequin
chiltepin
pepper, pequin
turkey pepper
pequin pepper plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2562
pepper, rocotillo
rocotillo pepper plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2563
pepper, serrano
serrano pepper plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2564
pepper, thai
thai pepper plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:643073
LANGUAL:B2565
http://eol.org/pages/5294
Hoplopagrus guentherii
Hoplopagrus guentherii Gill, 1862
hoplopagrus guentheri
pargo raisero
pargo, striped
striped pargo as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:PKP
ITIS:630214
LANGUAL:B2566
http://eol.org/pages/210376
Plectorhinchus pictus (Tortonese 1936)
Plectorhinchus pictus (Tortonese, 1936)
diagramma pictum
mother-in-law fish
plectorhinchus pictus
plectorhynchus pictus
thicklip bream
painted sweetlips as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:810
FAO ASFIS:MUR
ITIS:169418
LANGUAL:B2567
http://eol.org/pages/207915
Mullus surmuletus
Mullus surmuletus Linnaeus, 1758
mullet, red
mullus surmuletus
red mullet as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:854
FAO ASFIS:JAS
ITIS:170916
LANGUAL:B2568
http://eol.org/pages/213715
Arctoscopus japonicus (Steindachner, 1881)
arctoscopus japonicus
sailfin sandfish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2569
http://eol.org/pages/5193
trichodontidae
sandfish family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2570
http://eol.org/pages/24839
northern flounder
pleuronectes spp.
plaice as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2571
http://eol.org/pages/23904
brama spp.
pomfret as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2572
http://eol.org/pages/5064
Hippocampus Rafinesque, 1810
hippocampus spp.
seahorse as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2573
http://eol.org/pages/5064
syngnathidae
pipefish family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2574
http://eol.org/pages/1206
crangonidae
crangonid shrimp family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:GQS
ITIS:97110
LANGUAL:B2575
http://eol.org/pages/342524
Crangon septemspinosa
Crangon septemspinosa Say, 1818
crangon septemspinosa
shrimp, sand
sand shrimp as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2576
http://eol.org/pages/5049
oreosomatidae
oreo dory family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2577
http://eol.org/pages/26627
allocyttus spp.
oreo dory as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:BOE
ITIS:625296
LANGUAL:B2578
http://eol.org/pages/596474
Allocyttus niger
Allocyttus niger James, Inada & Nakamura, 1988
Allocyttus niger James, Inada and Nakamura, 1988
allocyttus niger
oreo dory, black
black oreo dory as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SSO
ITIS:625280
LANGUAL:B2579
http://eol.org/pages/213217
Pseudocyttus maculatus
Pseudocyttus maculatus Gilchrist 1906
Pseudocyttus maculatus Gilchrist, 1906
oreo dory, smooth
pseudocyttus maculatus
smooth oreo dory as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1204
FAO ASFIS:APS
ITIS:551574
LANGUAL:B2580
http://eol.org/pages/325037
Farfantepenaeus duorarum
Farfantepenaeus duorarum (Burkenroad, 1939)
Penaeus duorarum Burkenroad, 1939
farfantepenaeus duorarum
penaeus duorarum
shrimp, pink
northern pink shrimp as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1122
FAO ASFIS:YES
ITIS:172907
LANGUAL:B2581
http://eol.org/pages/207428
Limanda aspera
Limanda aspera (Pallas, 1811)
Limanda aspera (Pallas, 1814)
Limanda aspera Pallas, 1814
limanda aspera
sole, yellowfin
yellowfin sole as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:IPO
ITIS:164029
LANGUAL:B2582
http://eol.org/pages/221296
Pylodictis olivaris
Pylodictis olivaris (Rafinesque, 1818)
catfish, flathead
pylodictis olivaris
flathead catfish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2583
pepper, cubanelle
cubanelle pepper plant as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1174
FAO ASFIS:MRW
ITIS:173419
LANGUAL:B2584
http://eol.org/pages/205741
Masturus lanceolatus (Lienard, 1840)
Masturus lanceolatus (Liénard, 1840)
mola lanceolata
sharptail mola as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2586
http://eol.org/pages/5059
headfish
molidae
ocean sunfish
trunkfish
mola family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:CFJ
FDA RFE 2010:10
ITIS:167740
LANGUAL:B2588
http://eol.org/pages/206389
Cephalopholis fulva
Cephalopholis fulva (Linnaeus, 1758)
cephalopholis fulva
coney as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:EFC
ITIS:167749
LANGUAL:B2589
http://eol.org/pages/205496
Epinephelus acanthistius
Epinephelus acanthistius (Gilbert, 1892)
coney, gulf
epinephelus acanthistius
rooster hind
gulf coney as food source
http://langual.org
2008 FDA:Seafood List
LANGUAL:B2590
http://eol.org/pages/2294
Mactra sachalinensis
clam, hen
mactra sachalinensis
hen clam as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2591
http://eol.org/pages/1895
bonnethead sharks
hammerhead sharks
sphyrnidae
hammerhead shark family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SPL
ITIS:160508
LANGUAL:B2592
http://eol.org/pages/994497
Sphyrna lewini
Sphyrna lewini (Griffith & Smith, 1834)
Sphyrna lewini (Griffith and Smith, 1834)
hammerhead, scalloped
sphyrna lewini
scalloped hammerhead as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SPK
ITIS:160515
LANGUAL:B2593
http://eol.org/pages/224168
Sphyrna mokarran
Sphyrna mokarran (Rüppell, 1837)
hammerhead, great
sphyrna mokarran
great hammerhead as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SPJ
ITIS:160502
LANGUAL:B2594
http://eol.org/pages/224169
Sphyrna tiburo
Sphyrna tiburo (Linnaeus, 1758)
sphyrna tiburo
bonnethead as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:47
FAO ASFIS:SPZ
ITIS:160505
LANGUAL:B2595
http://eol.org/pages/224170
Sphyrna zygaena
Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus, 1758)
hammerhead, smooth
sphyrna zygaena
smooth hammerhead as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SPQ
ITIS:160519
LANGUAL:B2596
http://eol.org/pages/225538
Sphyrna tudes
Sphyrna tudes (Valenciennes, 1822)
hammerhead, smalleye
shark, smalleye hammerhead
sphyrna tudes
smalleye hammerhead as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2598
http://eol.org/pages/25471
bonnethead shark
shark, bonnethead
shark, hammerhead
sphyrna spp.
hammerhead shark as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2599
fundulus spp.
killifish as food source
A hybrid cross between broccoli and cauliflower having milder taste than cauliflower and a light green color.
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2600
broccoflower plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:2666
LANGUAL:B2601
MANSFELD:3422
http://eol.org/pages/8183
Alpinia galanga (L.) Sw.
Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd.
alpinia galanga
galangal
galangale
java root
kha (spice)
languas
laos (spice)
thai ginger
greater galangal plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2602
http://eol.org/pages/5365
caesionidae
fusilier family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2603
http://eol.org/pages/25241
blue fusilier
caesio spp.
fusilier as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2604
caesio lunaris
fusilier, lunar
lunar fusilier as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:FJR
ITIS:550961
LANGUAL:B2605
http://eol.org/pages/5365
Caesio suevica Klunzinger 1884
Caesio suevica Klunzinger, 1884
caesio suevica
fusilier, suez
suez fusilier as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:550960
LANGUAL:B2606
http://eol.org/pages/5365
Caesio striata Rüppell, 1830
caesio striata
fusilier, striated
striated fusilier as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:ITN
ITIS:164041
LANGUAL:B2607
http://eol.org/pages/995105
Ameiurus natalis
Ameiurus natalis (Lesueur, 1819)
catfish, yellow bullhead
ictalurus natalis
yellow catfish
yellow bullhead as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SGN
ITIS:166820
LANGUAL:B2608
http://eol.org/pages/209579
Scorpaena grandicornis
Scorpaena grandicornis Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829
Scorpaena grandicornis Cuvier, 1829
lionfish
scorpaena grandicornis
turkeyfish
plumed scorpionfish as food source
A black berry that is a cross between the loganberry and the youngberry cultivated in California and Oregon [CFSAN thesaurus].
http://langual.org
GRIN:104971
LANGUAL:B2609
http://eol.org/pages/8097
Rubus Hybr.
rubus hybr.
olallieberry plant
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2610
ewe as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:180715
LANGUAL:B2611
MSW3:14200776
http://eol.org/pages/328660
Capra hircus Linnaeus, 1758
capra hircus
nanny goat
doe (goat) as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1210
FAO ASFIS:GIT
ITIS:95638
LANGUAL:B2612
http://eol.org/pages/1024670
Penaeus monodon
Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798
black tiger prawn
penaeus monodon
giant tiger prawn as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1212
FAO ASFIS:REP
ITIS:551581
LANGUAL:B2613
http://eol.org/pages/993016
Fenneropenaeus penicillatus
Fenneropenaeus penicillatus (Alcock, 1905)
Penaeus penicillatus Alcock, 1905
fenneropenaeus penicillatus
penaeus penicillatus
redtail prawn as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1243
FAO ASFIS:LAA
ITIS:95971
LANGUAL:B2614
http://eol.org/pages/344949
Pleoticus muelleri
Pleoticus muelleri (Bate, 1888)
pleoticus muelleri
argentine red shrimp as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2615
http://eol.org/pages/1715
gekkonidae
gecko as food source
Juglans mandshurica, the Manchurian walnut, is a deciduous tree of the genus Juglans (section Cardiocaryon), native to the Eastern Asiatic Region (China, Russian Far East, North Korea and South Korea). It grows to about 25 m. The kernels of the nuts are edible, but small and difficult to extract.
WIKIPEDIA:Juglans_mandshurica
http://langual.org
GRIN:20758
LANGUAL:B2616
PLANTS:JUMA8
http://eol.org/pages/4299
Juglans mandshurica Maxim.
chinese butternut
juglans mandshurica
manchurian walnut
walnut, chinese
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the chinese walnut fruit (drupe, seed) index both *CHINESE WALNUT [B2616]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
chinese walnut plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2617
http://eol.org/pages/3198
cyprinidae
carp as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2618
http://eol.org/pages/5521
cyprinodontidae
killifish family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2620
catfish as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11140
GRIN:24036
ITIS:32565
LANGUAL:B2621
MANSFELD:16386
PLANTS:MEOF2
http://eol.org/pages/582374
Melissa officinalis L.
balm
lemon balm
melissa officinalis
balm, lemon (plant) as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2622
guinea corn
indian millet (sorghum)
red guinea corn
brown durra plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8695
GRIN:313479
LANGUAL:B2625
PLANTS:CIMA9
http://eol.org/pages/4414
Citrus madurensis Lour.
X Citrofortunella microcarpa (Bunge) Wijnands
citrus madurensis
panama orange
x citrofortunella microcarpa
x citrofortunella mitis
calamondin plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:311784
LANGUAL:B2628
MANSFELD:6120
NETTOX:
Capsicum anuum L.
bell pepper
capsicum frutescens var. grossum
paprika, sweet
sweet pepper
bell pepper or sweet pepper plant as food source
Unripe fruit of red or yellow bell pepper varieties.
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2629
green pepper
pepper, immature
pepper, unripe
green bell pepper plant as food source
Ripe fruit of red bell pepper varieties.
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2630
red bell sweet pepper
red sweet pepper
LanguaL curation note: Do not confuse with *RED PEPPER*.
red bell pepper plant as food source
Ripe fruit of yellow bell pepper varieties.
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2631
yellow bell pepper plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2632
capsicum annuum, conoides group
cone pepper plant as food source
Grouped together because of similar use.
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2633
paprika, hot
red pepper (pungent pepper variety)
pungent pepper variety plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2635
capsicum annuum, fasciculatum group
red cluster pepper
cluster pepper plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:8913
LANGUAL:B2636
MANSFELD:6121
NETTOX:
Capsicum frutescens L.
capsicum frutescens
tabasco pepper plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2637
amorphophallus rivieri var. konjac
konjac plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2642
http://eol.org/pages/25218
seriola spp.
amberjack as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2643
chilean hake as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:448
CEC 1993:449
FAO ASFIS:WHG
ITIS:164758
LANGUAL:B2644
http://eol.org/pages/216882
Merlangius merlangus
Merlangius merlangus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Merlangius merlangus euxinus (Nordmann, 1830)
gadus merlangus
merlangius merlangus
european whiting as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:477
FAO ASFIS:HKS
ITIS:164791
LANGUAL:B2645
http://eol.org/pages/205098
Merluccius bilinearis
Merluccius bilinearis (Mitchill, 1814)
merluccius bilinearis
silver hake as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:CMA
ITIS:81387
LANGUAL:B2646
http://eol.org/pages/395903
Corbicula fluminea (Muller 1774)
Corbicula fluminea (O. F. Müller, 1774)
corbicula fluminea
asian clam as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1128
FAO ASFIS:LEM
ITIS:172888
LANGUAL:B2647
http://eol.org/pages/208740
Microstomus kitt
Microstomus kitt (Walbaum, 1792)
microstomus kitt
lemon sole as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:189
FAO ASFIS:FRS
ITIS:161768
LANGUAL:B2648
http://eol.org/pages/206984
Sardinella fimbriata
Sardinella fimbriata (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1847)
Sardinella fimbriata (Valenciennes, 1847)
sardinella fimbriata
fringescale sardinella as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1125
FAO ASFIS:DAB
ITIS:172881
LANGUAL:B2649
http://eol.org/pages/993992
Limanda limanda
Limanda limanda (Linnaeus, 1758)
Limanda limanda Linnaeus, 1758
common dab
dab
dab, common
limanda limanda
sanddab as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2650
http://eol.org/pages/24568
parupeneus spp.
upeneus spp.
goatfish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2651
http://eol.org/pages/26569
ulua
trevally as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2652
http://eol.org/pages/5260
pomacanthidae
angelfish family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2653
http://eol.org/pages/24478
angelfish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:272
FAO ASFIS:EUL
ITIS:162051
LANGUAL:B2654
http://eol.org/pages/216656
Thaleichthys pacificus
Thaleichthys pacificus (Richardson, 1836)
thaleichthys pacificus
eulachon as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2655
squirrelfish family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2656
holocentrus spp.
menpachi
squirrelfish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2657
http://eol.org/pages/5211
Cynoscion Gill, 1861
cynoscion
weakfish
seatrout as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2658
http://eol.org/pages/5286
mullidae
goatfish family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2659
plantago afra
plantago ovata
plantago psyllium
psyllium plant
spanish psyllium
fleawort plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:BIS
ITIS:168677
LANGUAL:B2660
http://eol.org/pages/215191
Selar crumenophthalmus
Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch, 1793)
akule
selar crumenophthalmus
bigeye scad as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2661
eucalyptus globulus
eucalyptus plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:395
ITIS:34995
LANGUAL:B2662
PLANTS:GEAM
http://eol.org/pages/1096067
Genipa americana L.
genipa americana
genipap
marmalade box plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2665
http://eol.org/pages/25075
micropterus spp.
black bass as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2666
http://eol.org/pages/5172
psettodidae
spiny turbot
psettodid family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SFY
ITIS:166730
LANGUAL:B2667
http://eol.org/pages/211617
Sebastes mystinus
Sebastes mystinus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1881)
Sebastes mystinus (Jordan and Gilbert, 1881)
sebastes mystinus
blue rockfish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:RVT
ITIS:166741
LANGUAL:B2668
http://eol.org/pages/207358
Sebastes saxicola
Sebastes saxicola (Gilbert, 1890)
sebastes saxicola
stripetail rockfish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SFD
ITIS:166716
LANGUAL:B2669
http://eol.org/pages/203882
Sebastes diploproa
Sebastes diploproa (Gilbert, 1890)
sebastes diploproa
splitnose rockfish as food source
*Prunus americana*, commonly called the American plum, wild plum, or Marshall's large yellow sweet plum, is a species of *Prunus* native to North America from Saskatchewan to New Mexico east to New Hampshire and Florida.
WIKIPEDIA:Prunus_americana
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12260
GRIN:29831
ITIS:24763
LANGUAL:B2670
PLANTS:PRAM
http://eol.org/pages/301085
Prunus americana Marsh.
Prunus americana Marshall
august plum
goose plum
hog plum (prunus)
prunus americana
wild plum
yellow plum
american plum plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:BWA
ITIS:172514
LANGUAL:B2671
http://eol.org/pages/219609
Hyperoglyphe antarctica
Hyperoglyphe antarctica (Carmichael, 1819)
hyperoglyphe antarctica
antarctic cutlerfish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:AAQ
ITIS:635476
LANGUAL:B2672
http://eol.org/pages/217086
Anguilla dieffenbachii
Anguilla dieffenbachii Gray 1842
Anguilla dieffenbachii Gray, 1842
anguilla dieffenbachii
new zealand longfin eel
new zealand long-finned eel as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:390
FAO ASFIS:ELU
ITIS:161133
LANGUAL:B2673
http://eol.org/pages/221873
Anguilla australis
Anguilla australis Richardson, 1841
anguilla australis
short-finned eel as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1136
FAO ASFIS:RMP
ITIS:172953
LANGUAL:B2674
http://eol.org/pages/1012814
Rhombosolea plebeia
Rhombosolea plebeia (Richardson, 1843)
rhombosolea plebeia
sand flounder as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:172954
LANGUAL:B2675
http://eol.org/pages/219431
Rhombosolea leporina
Rhombosolea leporina Günther, 1862
rhombosolea leporina
yellowbelly flounder as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:939
FAO ASFIS:GEM
ITIS:550883
LANGUAL:B2676
http://eol.org/pages/205865
Rexea solandri
Rexea solandri (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1832)
Rexea solandri (Cuvier, 1831 )
Rexea solandri (Cuvier, 1832)
rexea solandri
silver gemfish as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:SEO
ITIS:172533
LANGUAL:B2678
http://eol.org/pages/213832
Seriolella porosa Guichenot, 1848
seriolella porosa
silver warehou as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2679
http://eol.org/pages/5356
centrolophidae
warehou family
ruff family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:616113
LANGUAL:B2680
http://eol.org/pages/214952
Peltorhamphus novaezeelandiae
Peltorhamphus novaezeelandiae Günther, 1862
peltorhamphus novaezeelandiae
new zealand sole as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
LANGUAL:B2681
Haliotis iris
haliotis iris
ormer shells
paua
blackfoot abalone as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:AFQ
LANGUAL:B2682
http://eol.org/pages/2295
Paphies australis
Paphies australis (Gmelin 1791)
paphies australis
pipi clam as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:OJO
ITIS:82373
LANGUAL:B2683
http://eol.org/pages/448891
Loligo plei
Loligo plei Blainville, 1823
loligo plei
slender inshore squid
arrow squid as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:EQV
LANGUAL:B2684
Mesodesma ventricosum (Gray 1843)
amphidesma ventricosum
new zealand surf clam
LanguaL curation note: Renamed from New Zealand surf clam based on scientific name.
toheroa wedge clam as food source
Crayfish, often referred to as crawfish or crawdad, are freshwater crustaceans resembling small lobsters, to which they are closely related. They are found in bodies of fresh water that do not freeze to the bottom, and which have shelter against predators. Most crayfish cannot tolerate polluted water, although some species such as the invasive Procambarus clarkii are more hardy. Some crayfish have been found living as much as 3 m (10 feet) underground.
WIKIPEDIA:Crayfish
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2686
http://eol.org/pages/1218
astacoidea
cambarus spp.
crawfish
crayfish
procambarus spp.
crawfish or crayfish as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:232
FAO ASFIS:PLN
ITIS:161950
LANGUAL:B2687
http://eol.org/pages/267571
Coregonus lavaretus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Coregonus lavaretus Dybowski 1874
baltic whitefish
coregonus lavaretus
whitefish, baltic
whitefish, common
common whitefish as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1339
FAO ASFIS:DRY
LANGUAL:B2690
http://eol.org/pages/2248
Ostrea lutaria Hutton 1873
Ostrea lutaria Hutton, 1873
ostrea lutaria
tiostrea lutaria
new zealand dredge oyster as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:CIZ
ITIS:161947
LANGUAL:B2693
http://eol.org/pages/5158
Coregonus reighardi
Coregonus reighardi (Koelz, 1924)
coregonus reighardi
shortnose cisco as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:EFH
ITIS:643197
LANGUAL:B2694
http://eol.org/pages/224316
Epinephelus chlorostigma
Epinephelus chlorostigma (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828)
Epinephelus chlorostigma (Valenciennes, 1828)
epinephelus chlorostigma
brownspotted rockcod as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2695
http://eol.org/pages/10840
lepus spp.
hare as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2696
http://eol.org/pages/7988
Gallinago Brisson, 1760
gallinago spp.
snipe as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2697
http://eol.org/pages/33764
lagopus spp.
ptarmigan as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:625159
LANGUAL:B2698
http://eol.org/pages/331073
Rupicapra rupicapra (Linnaeus, 1758)
rupicapra rupicapra
chamois as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2701
Iguana Laurenti, 1768
iguana spp.
iguana as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2702
kid as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1071
FAO ASFIS:GUG
ITIS:167044
LANGUAL:B2703
http://eol.org/pages/204772
Eutrigla gurnardus (Linnaeus, 1758)
chelidonichthys gurnardus
trigla gurnardus
grey gurnard as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:6
FAO ASFIS:LAU
ITIS:159722
LANGUAL:B2704
http://eol.org/pages/580535
Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus, 1758
petromyzon marinus
sea lamprey as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:327
FAO ASFIS:GOG
ITIS:163658
LANGUAL:B2705
http://eol.org/pages/207392
Gobio gobio (Berg 1949)
Gobio gobio (Linnaeus, 1758)
gobio gobio
gudgeon as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:389
FAO ASFIS:ELE
ITIS:161128
LANGUAL:B2706
http://eol.org/pages/356349
Anguilla anguilla
Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758)
anguilla anguilla
european eel as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:462
FAO ASFIS:RCR
ITIS:164777
LANGUAL:B2707
http://eol.org/pages/223615
Raniceps raninus (Linnaeus, 1758)
forkbeard
raniceps raninus
tadpole fish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1162
FAO ASFIS:BLL
ITIS:172749
LANGUAL:B2708
http://eol.org/pages/994475
Scophthalmus rhombus
Scophthalmus rhombus (Linnaeus, 1758)
scophthalmus rhombus
brill as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1147
FAO ASFIS:MKG
ITIS:173026
LANGUAL:B2709
http://eol.org/pages/211403
Microchirus variegatus
Microchirus variegatus (Donovan, 1808)
microchirus variegatus
thickback sole as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1156
FAO ASFIS:MEG
ITIS:172835
LANGUAL:B2710
http://eol.org/pages/216881
Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis
Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis (Walbaum, 1792)
lepidorhombus whiffiagonis
whiff
megrim as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:262
FAO ASFIS:TLV
ITIS:162022
LANGUAL:B2711
http://eol.org/pages/204590
Thymallus thymallus (Linnaeus, 1758)
thymallus thymallus
grayling as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:307
FAO ASFIS:PTB
ITIS:163619
LANGUAL:B2712
http://eol.org/pages/211593
Barbus barbus (Linnaeus, 1758)
barbus barbus
barbel as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:337
FAO ASFIS:FID
ITIS:163576
LANGUAL:B2713
http://eol.org/pages/207288
Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus, 1758)
golden orfes
leuciscus idus
ide as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:DIY
ITIS:173391
LANGUAL:B2714
http://eol.org/pages/1012692
Diodon hystrix Linnaeus, 1758
diodon hystrix
porcupine fish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1342
FAO ASFIS:QSC
ITIS:79627
LANGUAL:B2715
http://eol.org/pages/448743
Aequipecten opercularis (Linnaeus 1758)
Chlamys opercularis
Chlamys opercularis (Linnaeus, 1758)
aequipecten opercularis
chlamys opercularis
queen scallop as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1396
FAO ASFIS:RAE
ITIS:81018
LANGUAL:B2716
http://eol.org/pages/448701
Solen marginatus
Solen marginatus (Pulteney, 1799)
Solen vagina Linnaeus, 1758
european razor clam
grooved razor
razor clam
solen marginatus
solen vagina
margin jackknife as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:PEE
ITIS:70419
LANGUAL:B2717
http://eol.org/pages/619396
Littorina littorea
Littorina littorea (Linnaeus, 1758)
littorina littorea
periwinkle, common
common periwinkle as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:CCT
ITIS:159888
LANGUAL:B2718
http://eol.org/pages/206680
Carcharias taurus Rafinesque, 1810
carcharias taurus
odontaspis taurus
sand shark
sand tiger as food source
The Emu, *Dromaius novaehollandiae*, is the largest bird native to Australia and the only extant member of the genus *Dromaius*. It is the second-largest extant bird in the world by height, after its ratite relative, the ostrich. There are three subspecies of Emus in Australia. The Emu is common over most of mainland Australia, although it avoids heavily populated areas, dense forest, and arid areas.
WIKIPEDIA:Dromaius_novaehollandiae
http://langual.org
ITIS:174385
LANGUAL:B2719
http://eol.org/pages/1178369
Dromaius novaehollandiae (Latham, 1790)
dromaius novaehollandiae
emu as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12277
GRIN:29890
ITIS:24775
LANGUAL:B2720
http://eol.org/pages/231567
Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb
Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb var. dulcis
Prunus dulcis (P. Mill.) D.A. Webber
prunus amygdalus var. dulcis
prunus dulcis var. dulcis
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the almond fruit (drupe), index both *ALMOND, SWEET [B2720]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
almond, sweet (plant) as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12276
GRIN:29890
ITIS:24775
LANGUAL:B2721
http://eol.org/pages/231567
Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb
Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb var. amara (DC.) Buchheim
Prunus dulcis (P. Mill.) D.A. Webber
bitter almond
prunus dulcis var. amara
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the almond fruit (drupe), index both *ALMOND, BITTER [B2721]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
almond, bitter (plant) as food source
A hort. class of mandarin oranges from Japan (Hortus) [CFSAN thesaurus].
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8705
GRIN:10793
LANGUAL:B2722
PLANTS:CIREU
http://eol.org/pages/4414
Citrus reticulata Blanco ssp. unshiu (Marcow.) D.Rivera Núñez et al.
Citrus unshiu Marcow.
citrus reticulata cv. owan
citrus unshiu
satsuma mandarin
unshu orange
satsuma orange plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12274
LANGUAL:B2733
MANSFELD:9350
http://eol.org/pages/8097
Prunus domestica L. subsp. syriaca (Borkh.) Janch.
prunus domestica var. syriaca
prunus insititia var. syriaca
syrian plum
mirabelle plum plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:409748
ITIS:29817
LANGUAL:B2734
MANSFELD:1265
http://eol.org/pages/4200
Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman ex A. W. Hill var. tuberosum (Bernh.) Mart. Crov.
Petroselinum crispum (P. Mill.) Nyman ex A.W. Hill
Petroselinum crispum convar. radicosum (Alef.) Danert
petroselinum crispum convar. radicosum
petroselinum crispum var. tuberosum
turnip-rooted parsley plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12294
GRIN:30091
ITIS:506232
LANGUAL:B2736
MANSFELD:9360
PLANTS:PRSA3
http://eol.org/pages/231338
Prunus salicina Lindl.
Prunus salicina Lindley
prunus salicina
susina
japanese plum plant as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:625028
LANGUAL:B2741
http://eol.org/pages/309018
Lama glama (Linnaeus, 1758)
lama glama
llama as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:24768
LANGUAL:B2743
PLANTS:PRAN3
PLANTS:PRANA
PLANTS:PRANW
http://eol.org/pages/231184
Prunus angustifolia Marsh.
Prunus angustifolia Marsh. var. angustifolia
Prunus angustifolia Marsh. var. watsonii (Sarg.) Waugh
prunus angustifolia
chickasaw plum plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13207
GRIN:310534
ITIS:25320
LANGUAL:B2746
MANSFELD:8932
PLANTS:SOAU
http://eol.org/pages/241042
Sorbus aucuparia L.
european mountain-ash
rowan
sorbus aucuparia
european rowan plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:19177
ITIS:503044
LANGUAL:B2748
PLANTS:HIRH80
http://eol.org/pages/488204
Hippophae rhamnoides L.
hippophae rhamnoides
sea buckthorn plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7860
GRIN:6017
ITIS:20538
LANGUAL:B2751
MANSFELD:553
PLANTS:ATHO
http://eol.org/pages/586486
Atriplex hortensis L.
atriplex hortensis
mountain spinach
orach
garden orach plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:31803
ITIS:24466
LANGUAL:B2752
PLANTS:RIGL
http://eol.org/pages/583185
Ribes glandulosum Grauer
ribes glandulosum
skunk currant
white currant plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2753
http://eol.org/pages/1903
petromyzontiformes
fish, petromyzontiform as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2754
http://eol.org/pages/1876
odontaspididae
sand tiger family as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7138
GRIN:1433
ITIS:21591
LANGUAL:B2759
PLANTS:ADDI3
http://eol.org/pages/584789
Adansonia digitata L.
adansonia digitata
adansonia somalensis
adansonia sphaerocarpa
adansonia sulcata
dead-rat tree
monkey-bread tree
upside-down tree
baobab plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2760
aframomum alboviolaceum
aframomum angustifolium
aframomum giganteum
aframomum latifolium
aframomum melegueta
aframomum stipulatum
aframomum plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7647
GRIN:3849
ITIS:23629
LANGUAL:B2761
MANSFELD:18141
PLANTS:ARUN4
http://eol.org/pages/583608
Arbutus unedo L.
arbutus
arbutus unedo
cane apple
strawberry tree as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:3501
ITIS:506201
LANGUAL:B2762
PLANTS:ANSE16
http://eol.org/pages/1054183
Annona senegalensis Pers.
annona chrysophylla
annona porpetac
annona senegalensis
annona senegalensis var. latifolia
annona senegalensis var. porpetac
wild bullock's heart
wild soursop
wild custard apple plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8637
GRIN:10397
ITIS:25148
LANGUAL:B2763
PLANTS:CHIC
http://eol.org/pages/629655
Chrysobalanus icaco L.
chrysobalanus
chrysobalanus elipticus
chrysobalanus icaco
chrysobalanus orbicularis
chrysobalanus purpureus
cocoplum
fat prof
icaco
coco plum plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:400210
ITIS:505966
LANGUAL:B2764
PLANTS:CHAL19
http://eol.org/pages/4187
Chrysophyllum albidum G. Don
chrysophyllum albidum
white apple
white star apple plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9319
GRIN:14293
ITIS:505970
LANGUAL:B2766
MANSFELD:18485
PLANTS:DIKA2
http://eol.org/pages/4262
Diospyros kaki L. f.
Diospyros kaki Thunb.
date plum
diospyros chinensis
diospyros kaki
japanese persimmon
kaki persimmon
keg fig
persimmon, japanese
sharon fruit
common kaki plant as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:506165
LANGUAL:B2767
MANSFELD:12137
PLANTS:FESE2
http://eol.org/pages/8095
Feijoa sellowiana (O. Berg) O. Berg
acca sellowiana
brazilian guava
feijoa
feijoa sellowiana
orthostemon sellowiana
pineapple guava plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:310587
ITIS:506419
LANGUAL:B2768
PLANTS:DAED
http://eol.org/pages/483480
Dacryodes edulis (G. Don) H. J. Lam
Dacryodes edulis (G. Don) H.J. Lam
bush buttertree
bushbutter
dacryodes edulis
pachylobus edulis
eben tree as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2769
http://eol.org/pages/61089
dacryodes spp.
dacryodes plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2770
detarium spp.
detarium plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:411953
LANGUAL:B2771
Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr.
detarium microcarpum
sweet dattock plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:13690
LANGUAL:B2772
Detarium senegalense J. F. Gmel.
dattock tree
deta
detar
detarium senegalense
senegal dattock
tallow tree (detarium) plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:13792
ITIS:506249
LANGUAL:B2773
PLANTS:DIGU2
http://eol.org/pages/417260
Dialium guineense Willd.
dialium guineense
sierra leone tree
velvet berry
velvet tamarind plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9855
GRIN:238
LANGUAL:B2774
MANSFELD:7546
PLANTS:FOMA2
http://eol.org/pages/4414
Fortunella margarita (Lour.) Swingle
fortunella margarita
nagami kumquat
oval kumquat plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9854
GRIN:237
ITIS:502643
LANGUAL:B2775
MANSFELD:7544
PLANTS:FOJA
http://eol.org/pages/483556
Fortunella japonica (Thunb.) Swingle
fortunella japonica
marumi kumquat
round kumquat plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11261
GRIN:24619
ITIS:19069
LANGUAL:B2776
MANSFELD:12919
PLANTS:MONI
http://eol.org/pages/596202
Morus nigra L.
morus nigra
black mulberry plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:50068
ITIS:506166
LANGUAL:B2777
PLANTS:SYAQ
http://eol.org/pages/2508664
Syzygium aqueum (Burm. f.) Alston
Syzygium aqueum (Burman f.) Alston
eugenia aqua
jambu fruit
syzygium aqueum
water apple
water rose
water roseapple plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2778
eugenia capensis plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9825
GRIN:17000
ITIS:506546
LANGUAL:B2779
PLANTS:FISY2
http://eol.org/pages/491538
Ficus sycomorus L.
egyptian sycamore
ficus gnaphalocarpa
ficus sycomorus
ficus trachophylla
mulberry fig
sycomorus ghaphalocarpa
sycamore fig plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9929
GRIN:420224
LANGUAL:B2780
Garcinia cambogia (Gaertn.) Desr.
Garcinia gummi-gutta (L.) N. Robson
brindall berry
brindleberry
gambooge
garcinia cambogia
garcinia gummi-gutta
goraka
kodumpuli
malabar tamarind
sweet garcinia plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10400
GRIN:19487
ITIS:503101
LANGUAL:B2781
PLANTS:HYUN3
http://eol.org/pages/487275
Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britt. & Rose
Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rose
dragon fruit
hylocereus triangularis
hylocereus undatus
pitahaya
red pitaya
pitaya plant as food source
Hyphaene thebaica, with common names doum palm and gingerbread tree, is a type of palm tree with edible oval fruit. It is native to the Nile valley in Egypt and Sudan, and in riverine areas of northwestern Kenya.
WIKIPEDIA:Hyphaene_thebaica
http://langual.org
GRIN:19615
ITIS:506725
LANGUAL:B2782
PLANTS:HYTH2
http://eol.org/pages/1142755
Hyphaene thebaica (L.) C. Martius
Hyphaene thebaica (L.) Mart.
corypha thebaica
doom palm
egyptian doum
gingerbread palm
gingerbread tree
hyphaene dahomeensis
hyphaene guineensis
hyphaene thebaica
hyphaene togoensis
vegetable ivory palm
doum palm plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:451886
LANGUAL:B2783
Lantana strigocamara R. W. Sanders
lantana
lantana camara
lantana strigocamara
the' de gambie
yellow sage plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:103235
LANGUAL:B2784
Sarcocephalus latifolius (Sm.) Bruce
nauclea latifolia
sarcocephalus
sarcocephalus esculentus
sarcocephalus latifolius
african peach plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11666
GRIN:27001
ITIS:22243
LANGUAL:B2785
PLANTS:PAQU3
http://eol.org/pages/581884
Passiflora quadrangularis L.
passiflora macrocarpa
passiflora quadrangularis
passiflora quadrangularis var. variegata
giant granadilla plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:28054
ITIS:504334
LANGUAL:B2786
PLANTS:PHRE
http://eol.org/pages/1135083
Phoenix reclinata Jacq.
phoenix
phoenix reclinata
senegal date palm plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:35855
ITIS:505393
LANGUAL:B2787
PLANTS:STSP8
http://eol.org/pages/482140
Strychnos spinosa Lam.
brehmia spinosa
elephant orange
kaffir orange
monkey ball
strychnos laxa
strychnos spinosa
natal orange plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9837
GRIN:17118
ITIS:502628
LANGUAL:B2789
PLANTS:FLIN
http://eol.org/pages/487574
Flacourtia indica (Burm. f.) Merr.
Flacourtia indica (Burm. fil.) Merr.
batoka plum
flacourtia hirtiuscula
flacourtia indica
flacourtia latifolia
flacourtia ramontchi
flacourtia sepiaria
gmelina indica
indian plum
madagascar plum
governor's plum plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2790
african apricot
chrysophyllum autranianum
gambeya lacourtiana
longhi
gambeya plant as food source
Ancylobotrys capensis (Oliv.) Pichon, or Wild Apricot, is a tangled, sprawling, multi-stemmed South African creeper of the Apocynaceae family.
WIKIPEDIA:Ancylobotrys_capensis
http://langual.org
GRIN:102220
LANGUAL:B2791
AncyloboInOwltrys capensis (Oliv.) Pichon
ancyloboInOwltrys capensis
wild apricot plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:102255
ITIS:505997
LANGUAL:B2792
PLANTS:SASE15
http://eol.org/pages/4280
Saba senegalensis (A. DC.) Pichon
landolphia senegalensis
saba
saba senegalensis
senegal saba
gumvine plant as food source
Quassia amara is a species in the genus Quassia, with some botanists treating it as the sole species in the genus. It is famous and used for the bitterwood or quassia, its heartwood, used as a febrifuge; this contains quassin, a bitter-tasting substance (it is, in fact, the bitterest substance found in nature). Extracts of Q. amara bark containing quassinoids are used as insecticides, being particularly useful against aphids on crop plants [1]. It is also used to flavor aperitifs and bitters which are added to cocktails.
WIKIPEDIA:Bitterwood
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12404
GRIN:30632
ITIS:28841
LANGUAL:B2793
PLANTS:QUAM
http://eol.org/pages/582215
Quassia amara L.
mafourere
quassia amara
quassia-wood
surinam quassia
bitterwood plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:42285
ITIS:28595
LANGUAL:B2794
PLANTS:ZIMA
http://eol.org/pages/582336
Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.
ber
cottony jujuba
indian cherry
indian plum (ziziphus)
ziziphus abyssinicus
ziziphus mauritiana
ziziphus orthacantha
indian jujube plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13993
GRIN:42295
LANGUAL:B2795
Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Desf.
kurna
rhamnus spina-christi
syrian christ-thorn
ziziphus spina-christi
christ's thorn plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:9161
ITIS:30165
LANGUAL:B2796
PLANTS:CAED8
http://eol.org/pages/581123
Carissa edulis (Forssk.) Vahl
Carissa edulis Vahl
carissa edulis
carissa edulis var. candolleana
carissa edulis var. cornifolia
carissa edulis var. tomentosa
egyptian carissa
wild plum (carissa edulis)
arabian mummum plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8383
GRIN:418402
LANGUAL:B2797
Carica x heilbornii V.M.Badillo nothovar. pentagona (Heilborn) V.M.Badillo
Vasconcellea x heilbornii (V. M. Badillo) V. M. Badillo
carica pentagona
carica x heilbornii
babaco plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2798
http://eol.org/pages/29273
canthium spp.
canthium plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:7424
ITIS:506708
LANGUAL:B2799
PLANTS:BOAE
http://eol.org/pages/1123540
Borassus aethiopum C. Martius
Borassus aethiopum Mart.
borassus aethiopum
palmyra palm
african fan palm plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:410180
LANGUAL:B2800
Fadogia homblei De Wild.
fadogia homblei
fadogia triphylla
wild date
fadogia plant as food source
Fadogiella is a genus of flowering plants in the Rubiaceae family. It was descripted by Walter Robyns in 1928.[1] This genus is morphologically similar to Fadogia and is related to the latter genus.[2] It is found in central and east tropical Africa.
WIKIPEDIA:Fadogiella
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2801
fadogiella spp.
fadogiella plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2802
feretia spp.
feretia plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:70994
LANGUAL:B2803
Garcinia buchananii Baker
garcinia buchananii
garcinia huillensis
granite garcinia
granite mangosteen
mutunduru
garcinia plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2804
http://eol.org/pages/61019
grewia spp.
grewia plant as food source
Guarea is a genus of evergreen trees in the mahogany family Meliaceae, native to tropical Africa and Central and South America. They are large trees 20-45 m tall, with a trunk over 1 m trunk diameter, often buttressed at the base. The leaves are pinnate, with 4-6 pairs of leaflets, the terminal leaflet present. The flowers are produced in loose inflorescences, each flower small, with 4-5 yellowish petals. The fruit is a four or five-valved capsule, containing several seeds, each surrounded by a yellow-orange fleshy aril; the seeds are dispersed by hornbills and monkeys which eat the fleshy aril.
WIKIPEDIA:Guarea
http://langual.org
GRIN:459726
LANGUAL:B2805
PLANTS:GUARE
http://eol.org/pages/4413
Guarea Allam. ex L.
Guarea sp.
guarea spp.
guarea plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:20449
LANGUAL:B2806
Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex O'Rorke) Baill.
african wild mango
bush mango
irvingia gabonensis
african mango plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:21431
ITIS:505993
LANGUAL:B2807
PLANTS:LAHE6
http://eol.org/pages/4280
Landolphia heudelotii A. DC.
guinea gumvine
landolphia heudelotti
landolphia rubber plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2808
carpodinus hirsuta
landolphia poilu
landolphia hirsuta
hairy landolphia plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:21435
ITIS:505996
LANGUAL:B2809
PLANTS:LAOW
http://eol.org/pages/4280
Landolphia owariensis P. Beauv.
landolphia owariensis
white ball rubber
white rubber vine plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:311301
ITIS:506122
LANGUAL:B2810
PLANTS:MAAF2
http://eol.org/pages/483625
Mammea africana Sabine
african mammee-apple
african mammyapple
mammea africana
mammea plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:24461
LANGUAL:B2811
Mimusops zeyheri Sond.
mimusops zeyheri
transvaal red milkwood
mimusops plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2812
olax obtusifolia
olax plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:27035
ITIS:28694
LANGUAL:B2813
PLANTS:PAPI4
http://eol.org/pages/595739
Paullinia pinnata L.
barbasco
bread and cheese
paullinia pinnata
paulinia plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2814
pachylobus balsamiflora
pachylobus trimera
santiria
santiria trimera
tooth-brush tree as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2815
sorindeia juglandifolia
sorindeia katangensis
sorindeia plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:417928
LANGUAL:B2816
Zanha africana (Radlk.) Exell
zanha africana plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2817
zanha golungensis
zanha golungensis plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:14301
LANGUAL:B2818
PLANTS:DIME8
Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. ex A. DC.
diospyros bicolor
diospyros mespiliformis
diospyros senegalensis
jackal berry
monkey guava
nigerian ebony
swamp ebony
african ebony plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:32418
LANGUAL:B2819
Rubus pinnatus Willd.
rubus pinnatus var. afrotropicus
rubus plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:12328
LANGUAL:B2820
Trichoscypha Hook. f.
trichoscypha spp.
trichoscypha plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2821
uapaca paludosa
uapaca plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:404097
LANGUAL:B2822
http://eol.org/pages/61095
Sclerocarya sp.
cat thorn
cider tree
maroola nut
marula
morula
poupartia birrea
pourpartia caffra
sclerocarya birrea
sclerocarya caffra
spondias birrea
sclerocarya plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:16936
LANGUAL:B2823
Ficus platyphylla Delile
ficus bibracteata
ficus umbrosa
ficus platyphylla plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:429040
ITIS:565194
LANGUAL:B2824
PLANTS:FITH2
http://eol.org/pages/20701892
Ficus thonningii Blume
ficus bongoensis
ficus dekdekena
ficus sassandrensis
ficus spragueana
ficus thonning
ficus thonningii
small figtree
chinese banyan plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:21444
LANGUAL:B2825
Lannea edulis (Sond.) Engl.
broom druif
grape, wild
lannea edulis
lannea velutuna
odina edulis
wild grape plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:26768
LANGUAL:B2827
Parinari curatellifolia Planch. ex Benth.
cork tree (parinari)
hissing tree
marbola plum
parinari curatellifolia
parinari moboInOwlla
sand apple
mobola plum plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:26769
LANGUAL:B2828
Parinari excelsa Sabine
guinea-plum
parinari excelsa
parinari holstii
parinarium
gray plum plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:449464
LANGUAL:B2829
Neocarya macrophylla (Sabine) Prance
neocarya macrophylla
parinari macrophylla
gingerbread plum plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:459882
LANGUAL:B2830
Syzygium guineense (Willd.) DC.
eugenia guineensis
syzygium guineense
water pear
water berry plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:70774
ITIS:505421
LANGUAL:B2831
PLANTS:SYMA2
http://eol.org/pages/2508662
Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L. M. Perry
Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry
Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & Perry
eugenia malaccensis
jambosa malaccensis
malay apple
malaysian apple
mamiew pomerac
ohia
pinkapple
pomerac
roseapple (syzygium malaccense)
saraek pomerac
syzygium malaccense
mountain apple plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:42111
LANGUAL:B2832
Ximenia caffra Sond.
ximenia caffra
sourplum plant as food source
Anonidium mannii (Junglesop) is a tropical African tree. It has both large leaves (can be over a foot long) and edible fruits of similar length. Although rare the fruits are in demand where available.
WIKIPEDIA:Anonidium_mannii
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2833
annona manii
anonidium mannii
anonidium plant as food source
Antidesma is a tropical plant genus of about 170 species from the family Phyllanthaceae.
WIKIPEDIA:Antidesma
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2834
phyllanthaceae
antidesma plant as food source
Antrocaryon micraster (also called Antrocaryon) is a species of plant in the Anacardiaceae family.
WIKIPEDIA:Antrocaryon
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2835
antrocaryon klaineanum
antrocaryon plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:417692
LANGUAL:B2836
Lepisanthes senegalensis (Juss. ex Poir.) Leenh.
aphania senegalensis
lepisanthes senegalensis
sapindus senegalensis
soapberry plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7904
GRIN:6322
ITIS:506376
LANGUAL:B2837
PLANTS:BAAE
http://eol.org/pages/4418
Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del.
Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile
Balanites aegyptiacus (L.) Delile
agialida barteri
agialida senegalensis
agialida tombuctensis
balanites aegyptiaca
balanites ziziphoides
betu
bitu
egyptian myroboInOwllan
jericho balsam
soapberry (balanites aegyptiaca)
torchwood
ximenia aegyptiaca
desert date plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2838
http://eol.org/pages/61427
boscia spp.
boscia plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2839
bridelia spp.
bridelia plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:310568
ITIS:506415
LANGUAL:B2840
PLANTS:CASC28
http://eol.org/pages/484974
Canarium schweinfurthii Engl.
Canarium schweinfurthii Engler
canarium schweinfurthii
papo canary tree
incense tree as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:435926
LANGUAL:B2841
PLANTS:COAF2
Cordyla africana Lour.
cordyla africana
cordyla plant as food source
The horned melon (*Cucumis metuliferus*), also called African horned cucumber or melon, jelly melon, hedged gourd, English tomato, melano, kiwano, or cherie, is an annual vine in the cucumber and melon family.
WIKIPEDIA:Cucumis_metuliferus
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9045
ITIS:501835
LANGUAL:B2842
PLANTS:CUME3
http://eol.org/pages/488083
Cucumis metuliferus E. Mey. ex Naud.
Cucumis metuliferus E.Mey. ex Naudin
cucumis metuliferus
kiwano
african horned cucumber plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2843
http://eol.org/pages/66462
chrysophyllum spp.
chrysophyllum plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2844
http://eol.org/pages/1280
euphausiidae
krill as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10861
GRIN:22253
ITIS:506392
LANGUAL:B2845
PLANTS:LIAC5
http://eol.org/pages/483559
Limonia acidissima L.
elephant apple
feronia limonia
indian wood apple
limonia acidissima
wood apple plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2857
http://eol.org/pages/23968
dentex spp.
dentex as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:793
FAO ASFIS:SBG
ITIS:647901
LANGUAL:B2858
http://eol.org/pages/587825
Sparus aurata
Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758
sparus aurata
gilt headed bream as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2859
http://eol.org/pages/24724
lethrinus spp.
emperor as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:TLA
ITIS:162016
LANGUAL:B2860
http://eol.org/pages/204794
Thymallus arcticus
Thymallus arcticus (Pallas 1776)
Thymallus arcticus (Pallas, 1776)
thymallus arcticus
arctic grayling as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:949
FAO ASFIS:LHT
FDA RFE 2010:91
ITIS:172385
LANGUAL:B2861
http://eol.org/pages/219637
Trichiurus lepturus
Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758
trichiurus lepturus
atlantic cutlassfish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:ZCN
ITIS:625303
LANGUAL:B2862
http://eol.org/pages/5051
Cyttus novaezealandiae
Cyttus novaezealandiae (Arthur, 1885)
cyttus novaezealandiae
silver dory as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:709
FAO ASFIS:MGR
ITIS:169366
LANGUAL:B2863
http://eol.org/pages/203937
Argyrosomus regius
Argyrosomus regius (Asso, 1801)
sciaena aquila
meagre as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:454
FAO ASFIS:BLI
ITIS:164761
LANGUAL:B2864
http://eol.org/pages/215832
Molva dipterygia dipterygia (Pennant, 1784)
Molva dypterygia
Molva dypterygia (Pennant, 1784)
molva dypterygia
blue ling as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:442
FAO ASFIS:GRC
ITIS:164717
LANGUAL:B2865
http://eol.org/pages/206695
Gadus ogac
Gadus ogac Richardson, 1836
gadus ogac
greenland cod as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2866
http://eol.org/pages/5296
lethrinidae
emperor family as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:324
ITIS:163537
LANGUAL:B2867
http://eol.org/pages/212044
Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1844)
Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844)
ctenopharyngodon idella
grass carp as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2868
http://eol.org/pages/24659
pterois spp.
butterfly cod as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:249
FAO ASFIS:ONC
ITIS:161983
LANGUAL:B2869
http://eol.org/pages/212910
Oncorhynchus clarki (Richardson 1836)
Oncorhynchus clarkii
Oncorhynchus clarkii (Richardson, 1836)
Salmo clarki Richardson, 1836
oncorhynchus clarki
salmo clarki
cutthroat trout as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:264
FAO ASFIS:PSM
ITIS:162031
LANGUAL:B2870
http://eol.org/pages/220325
Hypomesus olidus (Pallas, 1811)
Hypomesus olidus (Pallas, 1814)
hypomesus olidus
pond smelt as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:783
FAO ASFIS:PAC
ITIS:169215
LANGUAL:B2871
http://eol.org/pages/223570
Pagellus erythrinus
Pagellus erythrinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
pagellus erythrinus
pandora as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:557
FAO ASFIS:GIP
ITIS:167669
LANGUAL:B2872
http://eol.org/pages/204766
Lates calcarifer
Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790)
lates calcarifer
barramundi perch as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7917
GRIN:105428
ITIS:22743
LANGUAL:B2873
PLANTS:BAVE
http://eol.org/pages/584060
Barbarea verna (Mill.) Asch.
Barbarea verna (P. Mill.) Aschers.
american cress
american winter cress
barbarea verna
creecy greens
early winter cress
early yellowrocket
normandy cress
upland cress
land cress plant as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1237
FAO ASFIS:CSH
ITIS:97118
LANGUAL:B2874
http://eol.org/pages/1039673
Crangon crangon (Linnaeus, 1758)
brown shrimp
crangon crangon
crangon vulgaris
common shrimp as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1360
FAO ASFIS:MUS
ITIS:79454
LANGUAL:B2875
http://eol.org/pages/449959
Mytilus edulis
Mytilus edulis Linnaeus, 1758
common mussel
edible mussel
mytilus edulis
blue mussel as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:ODW
LANGUAL:B2876
http://eol.org/pages/2248
Ostrea denselamellosa Lischke 1869
ostrea denselamellosa
ostrea laperousei
japanese flat oyster as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:STZ
ITIS:171064
LANGUAL:B2877
http://eol.org/pages/220079
Kathetostoma giganteum
Kathetostoma giganteum Haast, 1873
kathetostoma giganteum
giant stargazer as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:121
FAO ASFIS:CMO
ITIS:161022
LANGUAL:B2878
http://eol.org/pages/227516
Chimaera monstrosa Linnaeus, 1758
chimaera monstrosa
hydrolagus novaezelandiae
hydrolagus spp.
ratfish as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:EQH
LANGUAL:B2879
http://eol.org/pages/2298
Ensis macha (Molina 1782)
ensis macha
giant jackknife
razor shell clam as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1234
FAO ASFIS:CPR
ITIS:96451
LANGUAL:B2880
http://eol.org/pages/1022774
Palaemon serratus
Palaemon serratus (Pennant, 1777)
leander serratus
palaemon serratus
common prawn as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:TQE
LANGUAL:B2881
http://eol.org/pages/2266
Atrina pectinata
Atrina pectinata (Linnaeus 1767)
atrina pectinata
comb penshell as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2882
http://eol.org/pages/8904
chimaeridae
shortnose chimaera family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2883
Beryx Cuvier, 1829
beryx spp.
alfonsinos as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2884
http://eol.org/pages/8239
berycidae
alfonsino family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:603
FAO ASFIS:EPI
ITIS:168298
LANGUAL:B2885
http://eol.org/pages/994787
Epigonus telescopus
Epigonus telescopus (Risso, 1810)
epigonus telescopus
bigeye cardinalfish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2886
http://eol.org/pages/5377
apogonidae
cardinalfish family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:MKH
ITIS:167763
LANGUAL:B2887
http://eol.org/pages/207922
Mycteroperca phenax
Mycteroperca phenax Jordan & Swain, 1884
Mycteroperca phenax Jordan and Swain, 1884
mycteroperca phenax
scamp as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:NDD
ITIS:96995
LANGUAL:B2888
http://eol.org/pages/343371
Pandalopsis dispar
Pandalopsis dispar M. J. Rathbun, 1902
Pandalopsis dispar M.J. Rathbun, 1902
pandalopsis dispar
sidestriped shrimp as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2889
burdock, gobo (plant) as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2890
http://eol.org/pages/2310
veneridae
venus clam family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SLT
ITIS:172460
LANGUAL:B2891
http://eol.org/pages/224134
Allothunnus fallai
Allothunnus fallai Serventy, 1948
allothunnus fallai
slender tuna as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:RIB
ITIS:164687
LANGUAL:B2892
http://eol.org/pages/214998
Mora moro
Mora moro (Risso, 1810)
common mora
mora moro
pseudophycis breviusculus
morid cod as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:644521
LANGUAL:B2893
http://eol.org/pages/5126
Scorpaena papillosa
Scorpaena papillosa (Schneider and Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
helicolenus papillosus
rockfish as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:SEU
ITIS:642977
LANGUAL:B2894
http://eol.org/pages/217245
Seriolella caerulea Guichenot, 1848
seriolella caerulea
white warehou as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1030
FAO ASFIS:CEO
ITIS:172520
LANGUAL:B2895
http://eol.org/pages/205156
Centrolophus niger
Centrolophus niger (Gmelin, 1788)
Centrolophus niger (Gmelin, 1789)
centrolophus niger
black ruff as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:MAD
ITIS:170374
LANGUAL:B2896
http://eol.org/pages/1012810
Aldrichetta forsteri
Aldrichetta forsteri (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1836)
Aldrichetta forsteri (Valenciennes, 1836)
aldrichetta forsteri
yelloweye mullet as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2897
http://eol.org/pages/24096
macrourus spp.
grenadier as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LDE
ITIS:165425
LANGUAL:B2898
http://eol.org/pages/5502
Lepidorhynchus denticulatus
Lepidorhynchus denticulatus Richardson, 1846
lepidorhynchus denticulatus
deepsea whiptail as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2899
http://eol.org/pages/5502
macrouridae
grenadier family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:166844
LANGUAL:B2900
http://eol.org/pages/216476
Scorpaena cardinalis
Scorpaena cardinalis Solander and Richardson in Richardson, 1842
scorpaena cardinalis
red rockfish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:661
FAO ASFIS:CJM
ITIS:168597
LANGUAL:B2901
http://eol.org/pages/224921
Trachurus murphyi
Trachurus murphyi Nichols, 1920
inca scad
trachurus murphyi
chilean horse mackerel as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:946
FAO ASFIS:SFS
ITIS:172391
LANGUAL:B2902
http://eol.org/pages/216769
Lepidopus caudatus
Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen, 1788)
lepidopus caudatus
silver scabbardfish as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:ZCT
ITIS:625276
LANGUAL:B2903
http://eol.org/pages/219069
Cyttus traversi Hutton, 1872
cyttus traversi
lookdown dory as food source
Eschmeyer, Catalog of the Genera of recent Fishes, California Academy of Sciences, 1990, p.458. Scientific name verifiable, common name unverified.
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:MCK
ITIS:550608
LANGUAL:B2905
http://eol.org/pages/216574
Caelorinchus kaiyomaru Arai & Iwamoto 1979
Caelorinchus kaiyomaru Arai and Iwamoto, 1979
caelorinchus kaiyomaru
kaiyomaru rattail as food source
Eschmeyer, Catalog of the Genera of recent Fishes, California Academy of Sciences, 1990, p.458. Scientific name verifiable, common name unverified.
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:CQS
ITIS:550599
LANGUAL:B2906
http://eol.org/pages/209566
Caelorinchus aspercephalus Waite 1911
Caelorinchus aspercephalus Waite, 1911
caelorinchus aspercephalus
smooth rattail as food source
Eschmeyer, Catalog of the Genera of recent Fishes, California Academy of Sciences, 1990, p.455. Scientiric name verifiable, common name unverified.
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2907
http://eol.org/pages/24501
alepocephalus spp.
large scaled brown slickhead as food source
Eschmeyer, Catalog of the Genera of recent Fishes, California Academy of Sciences, 1990, p.455. Scientific name verifiable, common name unverified.
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:AVS
ITIS:162312
LANGUAL:B2908
http://eol.org/pages/344799
Alepocephalus australis Barnard 1923
Alepocephalus australis Barnard, 1923
alepocephalus australis
small scaled brown slickhead as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2909
http://eol.org/pages/5407
alepocephalidae
slickhead family as food source
http://langual.org
FISHBASE:54017
ITIS:160674
LANGUAL:B2910
http://eol.org/pages/994319
Etmopterus baxteri Garrick, 1957
baxters dogfish
etmopterus baxteri
new zealand lanternshark as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:HYI
ITIS:616686
LANGUAL:B2911
Hyporhamphus ihi Phillipps, 1932
hyporhamphus ihi
new zealand garfish as food source
Eschmeyer, Catalog of the Genera of recent Fishes, California Academy of Sciences, 1990, p.464. Scientific name verifiable, common name unverified.
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2912
http://eol.org/pages/8244
hemiramphidae
halfbeak family as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:550805
LANGUAL:B2913
http://eol.org/pages/5502
Trachyrincus longirostris (Günther, 1878)
trachyrhynchus longirostris
unicorn rattail as food source
Eschmeyer, Catalog of the Genera of recent Fishes, California Academy of Sciences, 1990, p.455. Scientific name verifiable, common name unverified.
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2914
http://eol.org/pages/24139
xenodermichthys spp.
black slickhead as food source
Eschmeyer, Catalog of the Genera of recent Fishes, California Academy of Sciences, 1990, p.470. Scientific name verifiable, common name inverified.
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:NEG
LANGUAL:B2915
http://eol.org/pages/5128
Neophrynichthys angustus Nelson 1977
neophrynichthys angustus
pale toadfish as food source
Eschmeyer, Catalog of the Genera of recent Fishes, California Academy of Sciences, 1990, p.470. Scientific name verifiable, common name unverified.
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2916
http://eol.org/pages/5128
psychrolutidae
fathead family as food source
Spelt (Triticum spelta) is a hexaploid species of wheat. Spelt was an important staple in parts of Europe from the Bronze Age to medieval times; it now survives as a relict crop in Central Europe and has found a new market as a health food.[]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13673
GRIN:406903
ITIS:42243
LANGUAL:B2917
MANSFELD:34190
PLANTS:TRSP3
http://eol.org/pages/1115243
Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta (L.) Thell.
Triticum spelta L.
german wheat
triticum aestivum subsp. spelta
triticum aestivum, spelta group
triticum spelta
spelt plant as food source
Eschmeyer, Catalog of the Genera of recent Fishes, California Academy of Sciences, 1990, p.441. Scientific name verifiable, common name unverified.
http://langual.org
ITIS:635910
LANGUAL:B2918
http://eol.org/pages/223764
Bassanago bulbiceps Whitley, 1948
bassanago bulbiceps
pseudoxenamystax bulbiceps
swollenhead conger eel as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2919
ocimum frutescens
perilla frutescens
perilla ocimoides
perilla plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:41819
LANGUAL:B2920
Vitex doniana Sweet
vitex doniana
black plum plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2921
http://eol.org/pages/83701
eugenia spp.
stopper
eugenia plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2922
ficus, wild
ficus spp. plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2923
pseudospondias longifolia
pseudospondias plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2925
http://eol.org/pages/2501
littorinidae
periwinkle family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2926
nere
parkia filicoidea
african locust bean plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2928
http://eol.org/pages/28239
dialium spp.
dialium plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2929
http://eol.org/pages/60887
salacia spp.
salacia plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2930
http://eol.org/pages/60775
strychnos spp.
strychnos plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:438178
LANGUAL:B2931
Bobgunnia fistuloides (Harms) J. H. Kirkbr. & Wiersema
swartzia fistuloides
swartzia plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2932
vangueriopsis lanciflora
vangueriopsis plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:312482
LANGUAL:B2933
http://eol.org/pages/38870
Vitex sp.
chastetree
vitex spp.
vitex plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:965
FAO ASFIS:RAG
ITIS:172462
LANGUAL:B2934
http://eol.org/pages/208604
Rastrelliger kanagurta
Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816)
rastrelliger kanagurta
indian mackerel as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:977
FAO ASFIS:COM
ITIS:172441
LANGUAL:B2935
http://eol.org/pages/205201
Scomberomorus commerson
Scomberomorus commerson (Lacepède, 1800)
Scomberomorus commerson (Lacépède, 1802)
narrow-barred king mackerel
narrow-barred spanish mackerel
scomberomorus commerson
narrow-barred mackerel as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2936
http://eol.org/pages/25359
epigonus spp.
cardinalfish as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:101035
LANGUAL:B2938
MANSFELD:3440
NETTOX:
Alpinia officinarum Hance
lesser galangal plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7537
GRIN:3484
ITIS:18101
LANGUAL:B2939
MANSFELD:28730
PLANTS:ANGL4
http://eol.org/pages/1054891
Annona glabra L.
pond apple plant as food source
The beetroot, also known as the table beet, garden beet, red beet or informally simply as beet, is one of the many cultivated varieties of beets (Beta vulgaris) and arguably the most commonly encountered variety in North America, Central America and Britain.
WIKIPEDIA:Red_beet
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8011
GRIN:7057
LANGUAL:B2940
MANSFELD:330
Beta vulgaris L. var. vulgaris
Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris L.
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris
beetroot
beta vulgaris var. conditiva
beta vulgaris var. vulgaris
red beet plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8651
GRIN:10542
ITIS:501522
LANGUAL:B2941
MANSFELD:31983
PLANTS:CIEN
http://eol.org/pages/488332
Cichorium endivia L.
curled endive plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8651
GRIN:10542
ITIS:501522
LANGUAL:B2942
MANSFELD:31979
PLANTS:CIEN
http://eol.org/pages/488332
Cichorium endivia L.
cichorium endivia
escarole
broadleaved endive plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8653
GRIN:10543
ITIS:36763
LANGUAL:B2943
MANSFELD:31958
PLANTS:CIIN
http://eol.org/pages/467862
Cichorium intybus L.
cichorium intybus ssp. intybus
coffee chicory plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:10577
LANGUAL:B2944
MANSFELD:15067
NETTOX:
Cinnamomum burmanii Bl.
padang cassia plant as food source
Scurvy-grass (Cochlearia species; a.k.a. Scurvy grass, Scurvygrass, or Spoonwort) is a genus of about 30 species of annual and perennial herbs in the cabbage family Brassicaceae. They are widely distributed in temperate and arctic areas of the northern hemisphere, most commonly found in coastal regions, on cliff-tops and salt marshes where their high tolerance of salt enables them to avoid competition from larger, but less salt-tolerant plants; they also occur in alpine habitats in mountains and tundra.
Scurvy-grass was extensively eaten in the past by sailors suffering from scurvy after returning from long voyages, as the leaves are rich in vitamin C, which cures this deficiency disease resulting from a lack of fresh vegetables in the diet. The leaves, which have a strong peppery taste similar to the related horseradish and watercress, are also sometimes used in salads.
WIKIPEDIA:Cochlearia
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8761
GRIN:11010
ITIS:22816
LANGUAL:B2945
MANSFELD:23616
PLANTS:COOF4
http://eol.org/pages/584102
Cochlearia officinalis L.
cochlearia officinalis
scurvygrass
spoonwort
scurvy-grass plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8849
GRIN:11563
ITIS:565094
LANGUAL:B2946
MANSFELD:24774
PLANTS:COMA21
http://eol.org/pages/591119
Cornus mas L.
cornelian cherry plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:12678
LANGUAL:B2947
MANSFELD:3231
NETTOX:
Curcuma zedoaria (Bergius) Rosc.
curcuma zedoaria
zedoary plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9865
GRIN:264
ITIS:24634
LANGUAL:B2948
MANSFELD:8594
PLANTS:FRVE
http://eol.org/pages/229659
Fragaria vesca L.
european wild strawberry
fragaria vesca
wild strawberry
woodland strawberry
european strawberry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9866
GRIN:267
ITIS:24639
LANGUAL:B2949
MANSFELD:8610
PLANTS:FRVI
http://eol.org/pages/234385
Fragaria virginiana Duchesne
Fragaria virginiana Mill.
fragaria virginiana
scarlet strawberry
wild strawberry
virginia strawberry plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:19644
LANGUAL:B2950
MANSFELD:16171
NETTOX:
Hyssopus officinalis L.
hyssop plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10661
GRIN:21365
ITIS:36608
LANGUAL:B2951
MANSFELD:32046
PLANTS:LASE
http://eol.org/pages/468149
Lactuca serriola L.
prickly lettuce plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:22014
LANGUAL:B2952
MANSFELD:1731
NETTOX:
Levisticum officinale W. Koch
lovage plant as food source
*Aloysia citrodora* is a species of flowering plant in the verbena family *Verbenaceae*, native to Argentina, Paraguay, Brazil, Uruguay, Chile, Bolivia, and Peru. Common names include lemon verbena and lemon beebrush. It was brought to Europe by the Spanish and the Portuguese in the 17th century.
Lemon verbena leaves are used to add a lemon flavor to fish and poultry dishes, vegetable marinades, salad dressings, jams, puddings, greek yogurt and beverages. It also is used to make herbal teas, or added to standard tea in place of actual lemon (as is common with Moroccan tea). It can also be used to make a sorbet. In addition, it has anti-Candida albicans activity. In the European Union, Verbena essential oils (Lippia citriodora Kunth.) and derivatives other than absolute are prohibited when used as a fragrance ingredient (Commission Directive 2009/164/EU of 22 December 2009).
WIKIPEDIA:Lemon_verbena
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7394
GRIN:317750
LANGUAL:B2953
MANSFELD:4474
http://eol.org/pages/4304
Aloysia citrodora Palau
aloysia citrodora
lemon beebush
lippia triphylla
lemon verbena plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11260
GRIN:24607
ITIS:19066
LANGUAL:B2954
MANSFELD:12894
PLANTS:MOAL
http://eol.org/pages/594885
Morus alba L.
morus alba
white mulberry plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:102387
ITIS:30589
LANGUAL:B2955
MANSFELD:5594
PLANTS:PHAL5
http://eol.org/pages/581063
Physalis alkekengi L.
chinese lantern plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:400109
LANGUAL:B2956
MANSFELD:9956
NETTOX:
Piper longum L.
indian long pepper plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12264
LANGUAL:B2957
MANSFELD:9193
http://eol.org/pages/8097
Prunus avium (L.) L. subsp. duracina (L.) D.Rivera & al.
hard-fleshed cherry plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12336
GRIN:30208
ITIS:506172
LANGUAL:B2958
MANSFELD:12292
PLANTS:PSGU3
http://eol.org/pages/2508601
Psidium guineense Sw.
psidium guineense
brasilian guava plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:319665
LANGUAL:B2959
MANSFELD:24313
NETTOX:
Raphanus sativus L. var. niger (Mill.) Kerner
black radish plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:319668
LANGUAL:B2960
MANSFELD:24314
NETTOX:
Raphanus sativus L. var. sativus
little radish plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12609
GRIN:5309
ITIS:24819
LANGUAL:B2961
PLANTS:ROCA3
http://eol.org/pages/234403
Rosa canina L.
dog rose plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:33412
LANGUAL:B2962
MANSFELD:32155
NETTOX:
Scorzonera hispanica L.
scorzonera hispanica
spanish salsify
black salsify plant as food source
The fruit is a component of a cider-like drink which is still made in parts of Europe. Picked straight off the tree it tastes highly unpleasant.
WIKIPEDIA:Service_tree
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13211
GRIN:35018
ITIS:505296
LANGUAL:B2963
MANSFELD:8924
PLANTS:SODO5
http://eol.org/pages/636879
Sorbus domestica L.
sorbus domestica
service tree as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13279
GRIN:35337
ITIS:28817
LANGUAL:B2964
MANSFELD:28353
PLANTS:SPPU
http://eol.org/pages/582278
Spondias purpurea L.
hog-plum
purple mombin
red mombin
spondias purpurea
spanish plum plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:35402
LANGUAL:B2965
MANSFELD:16641
NETTOX:
Stachys affinis Bunge
japanese artichoke
stachys affinis
stachys sieboldii
chinese artichoke plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:36675
LANGUAL:B2966
MANSFELD:4863
NETTOX:
Tilia cordata Mill.
littleleaf linden plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:36695
LANGUAL:B2967
MANSFELD:4863
NETTOX:
Tilia platyphyllos Scop.
bigleaf linden plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13681
GRIN:40686
ITIS:505615
LANGUAL:B2968
MANSFELD:4811
PLANTS:TRMA7
http://eol.org/pages/484394
Tropaeolum majus L.
garden nasturtium
nasturtium
tropaeolum majus
indian cress plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13740
GRIN:41047
ITIS:505635
LANGUAL:B2969
MANSFELD:18288
PLANTS:VAOX
http://eol.org/pages/484408
Vaccinium oxycoccos L.
european cranberry
mossberry
northern cranberry
small cranberry
vaccinium microcarpum
vaccinium oxycoccos
vaccinium oxycoccus
common cranberry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13741
GRIN:41063
ITIS:23574
LANGUAL:B2970
MANSFELD:18312
PLANTS:VAUL
http://eol.org/pages/583654
Vaccinium uliginosum L.
bog blueberry
vaccinium uliginosum
bog bilberry plant
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B2971
galangal plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12299
GRIN:30116
ITIS:24802
LANGUAL:B3325
PLANTS:PRSP
http://eol.org/pages/632461
Prunus spinosa L.
blackthorn
prunus spinosa
sloe plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9318
GRIN:14280
ITIS:505968
LANGUAL:B3326
PLANTS:DIDI15
http://eol.org/pages/483959
Diospyros digyna Jacq.
black sapote
diospyros digyna
black persimmon plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:14204
ITIS:502073
LANGUAL:B3327
MANSFELD:18717
PLANTS:DIES2
http://eol.org/pages/1121044
Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill
asiatic yam
chinese sweet potato
chinese yam
dioscorea esculenta
lesser yam plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9320
GRIN:14296
ITIS:505971
LANGUAL:B3328
PLANTS:DILO8
http://eol.org/pages/482113
Diospyros lotus L.
date-plum
diospyros lotus
lotus persimmon
lotus tree
date plum plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9321
GRIN:14329
ITIS:23855
LANGUAL:B3329
PLANTS:DIVI5
http://eol.org/pages/595775
Diospyros virginiana L.
common persimmon
diospyros virginiana
eastern persimmon
american persimmon plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3330
elaeis guineensis
african oil palm plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9803
GRIN:16785
ITIS:19083
LANGUAL:B3331
PLANTS:FIBE
http://eol.org/pages/594918
Ficus benjamina L.
ficus benjamina
java fig
javatree
benjamin tree as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9819
GRIN:16951
ITIS:502618
LANGUAL:B3332
PLANTS:FIPU2
http://eol.org/pages/489706
Ficus pumila L.
ficus pumila
climbing fig plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:405602
LANGUAL:B3333
MANSFELD:1564
http://eol.org/pages/4200
Foeniculum vulgare var. azoricum (Mill.) Thell.
finocchio
foeniculum vulgare subsp. vulgare var. azoricum
florence fennel plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:102104
ITIS:29509
LANGUAL:B3334
MANSFELD:1559
PLANTS:FOVU
http://eol.org/pages/585008
Foeniculum vulgare P. Mill.
Foeniculum vulgare Mill.
Foeniculum vulgare var. dulce (Mill.) Batt.
Foeniculum vulgare var. dulce (Mill.) Battand. & Trabut
foeniculum vulgare subsp. vulgare var. dulce
roman fennel
sweet fennel plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9867
GRIN:268
LANGUAL:B3335
http://eol.org/pages/8097
Fragaria viridis Duchesne
Fragaria viridis Weston
fragaria viridis
green strawberry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9868
GRIN:244
ITIS:24630
LANGUAL:B3336
MANSFELD:8618
PLANTS:FRAN
http://eol.org/pages/245515
Fragaria X ananassa Duchesne (pro sp.)
Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne
Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier
Fragaria ×ananassa (Weston) Duchesne ex Rozier (pro sp.)
cultivated strawberry
fragaria x ananassa
garden strawberry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9864
GRIN:257
LANGUAL:B3337
http://eol.org/pages/8097
Fragaria moschata Duchesne
Fragaria moschata Weston
fragaria eliator
fragaria moschata
hautbois strawberry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9863
GRIN:246
ITIS:24625
LANGUAL:B3338
PLANTS:FRCH
http://eol.org/pages/230224
Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Mill.
Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill.
Fragaria chiloënsis (L.) Mill.
beach strawberry
chiloe strawberry
fragaria chiloensis
chilean strawberry plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:104709
LANGUAL:B3339
Fragaria vesca f. semperflorens (Duchesne) Staudt
fragaria semperflorens
fragaria vesca subsp. vesca f. semperflorens
alpine strawberry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10323
DPNL 2003:10324
GRIN:317403
ITIS:40874
LANGUAL:B3340
PLANTS:HOVU
http://eol.org/pages/1114455
Hordeum vulgare L.
Hordeum vulgare L. convar. distichon (L.) Alef.
hordeum distichum
hordeum vulgare l. convar. distichon
hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare
two row barley plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10325
GRIN:19333
ITIS:40874
LANGUAL:B3341
MANSFELD:37920
PLANTS:HOVU
http://eol.org/pages/1114455
Hordeum vulgare L.
Hordeum vulgare L. convar. vulgare
Hordeum vulgare convar. hexastichon Alef.
Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare
hordeum hexastichum
hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare convar. vulgare
hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare
six row barley plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10654
GRIN:21341
ITIS:505918
LANGUAL:B3342
PLANTS:LAIN13
http://eol.org/pages/590834
Lactuca indica L.
lactuca indica
indian lettuce plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10659
GRIN:404618
ITIS:36607
LANGUAL:B3343
PLANTS:LASA3
http://eol.org/pages/468144
Lactuca sativa L.
Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa L.
lactuca sativa var. crispa
leaf lettuce
curled lettuce plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11048
GRIN:23219
ITIS:25256
LANGUAL:B3344
PLANTS:MABA
http://eol.org/pages/230643
Malus baccata (L.) Borkh.
malus baccata
malus baccata var. baccata
chinese crabapple plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11051
GRIN:104672
ITIS:565975
LANGUAL:B3345
PLANTS:MAMA37
http://eol.org/pages/2508061
Malus mandshurica (Maxim.) Kom.
Malus mandshurica (Maxim.) Kom. ex Skvortsov
malus baccata var. mandshurica
malus mandshurica
mandchurian crabapple plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11052
GRIN:23261
ITIS:25262
LANGUAL:B3346
PLANTS:MAPU
http://eol.org/pages/629943
Malus pumila Mill.
Malus pumila P. Mill.
malus pumila
malus pumila var. niedzwetzkyana
malus sylvestris var. niedzwetskyana
malus sylvestris var. paradisiaca
paradise apple plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11055
GRIN:23279
ITIS:25264
LANGUAL:B3347
MANSFELD:8846
PLANTS:MASY2
http://eol.org/pages/8097
Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill.
Malus sylvestris Mill.
Malus sylvestris P. Mill.
crab apple
crabapple
malus sylvestris
european crabapple plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3348
medicago sativa nothosubsp. varia
medicago ×varia
sand lucerne
variegated lucerne
bastard medic plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11358
GRIN:313511
ITIS:506074
LANGUAL:B3349
PLANTS:NEMU5
http://eol.org/pages/4415
Nephelium mutabile Blume
Nephelium ramboutan-ake (Labill.) Leenh.
nephelium mutabile
nephelium ramboutan-ake
pulasan plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:907
FAO ASFIS:CAS
ITIS:171342
LANGUAL:B3350
http://eol.org/pages/224648
Anarhichas minor
Anarhichas minor Olafsen, 1772
anarhichas minor
spotted wolffish as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:409
FAO ASFIS:GAR
ITIS:165594
ITIS:645292
ITIS:645293
ITIS:645294
LANGUAL:B3351
http://eol.org/pages/212567
Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761)
Belone belone acus Risso, 1827
Belone belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761)
Belone belone euxini Günther, 1866
belone belone
belone belone belone
garpike
garfish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SFV
ITIS:166779
LANGUAL:B3352
http://eol.org/pages/209615
Sebastes viviparus
Sebastes viviparus Krøyer, 1845
norway redfish
sebastes viviparus
norway haddock as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1129
FAO ASFIS:FLE
ITIS:172894
LANGUAL:B3353
http://eol.org/pages/994631
Platichthys flesus
Platichthys flesus (Linnaeus, 1758)
flounder, european
platichthys flesus
european flounder as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:465
FAO ASFIS:NOP
ITIS:164756
LANGUAL:B3354
http://eol.org/pages/206050
Trisopterus esmarki (Nilsson, 1855)
Trisopterus esmarkii (Nilsson, 1855)
pout, norway
trisopterus esmarkii
norway pout as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8105
GRIN:7668
ITIS:23062
LANGUAL:B3355
MANSFELD:23907
http://eol.org/pages/583899
Brassica oleracea L.
Brassica oleracea L. var. conica DC.
brassica oleracea convar. capitate var. conica
cabbage, pointed headed
sugar loaf
sugarloaf
pointed headed cabbage plant as food source
*Lathyrus sativus*, is a legume (family *Fabaceae*) commonly grown for human consumption and livestock feed in Asia and East Africa. It is a particularly important crop in areas that are prone to drought and famine, and is thought of as an 'insurance crop' as it produces reliable yields when all other crops fail. Like other grain legumes, *Lathyrus sativus* produces a high-protein seed. The seeds also contain variable amounts of a neurotoxic amino acid ß-N-Oxalyl-L-a,ß-diaminopropionic acid or ODAP or BOAA.
WIKIPEDIA:Lathyrus_sativus
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10714
GRIN:21613
ITIS:25877
LANGUAL:B3356
PLANTS:LASA2
http://eol.org/pages/703183
Lathyrus sativus L.
cicerchia
grass pea
lathyrus sativus
white pea
chickling vetch plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3357
LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term.
plant according to family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3358
feed plant
fodder
fodder plant
forage
plant used as fodder as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3359
medicinal plant
plant for medicinal use as food source
Diadromous fish travel between salt and fresh water. Anadromous fish live in the sea mostly, breed in fresh water; the best-known are salmon, which hatch in small freshwater streams, go down to the sea and live there for several years, then return to the same streams where they were hatched, spawn, and die shortly thereafter. Salmon are capable of going hundreds of kilometers upriver, and humans must install fish ladders in dams to enable the salmon to get past. Catadromous fish live in fresh water, breed in the sea; the most remarkable are freshwater eels of genus Anguilla, whose larvae drift on the open ocean, sometimes for months or years, before travelling thousands of kilometres back to their original streams. Amphidromous fish move between fresh and salt water during some part of life cycle, but not for breeding. (
WIKIPEDIA:Diadromous_fish)
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3360
diadromous fish as food source
Potamodromous fish migrate within fresh water only. (
WIKIPEDIA:Potamodromous)
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3361
potamodromous fish
freshwater fish as food source
Oceanodromous fish migrate within salt water only (
WIKIPEDIA:Oceanodromous)
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3362
oceanodromous fish
marine fish as food source
Dolphins are aquatic mammals related to whales and porpoises
Any member of the families Delphinidae and Platanistoidea (oceanic and river dolphins). Porpoises (suborder Odontoceti, family Phocoenidae) are thus not dolphins in this sense. Orcas and some related species belong to the Delphinidae family and therefore qualify as dolphins, even though they are called whales in common language. There are almost 40 species of dolphin in 17 genera. They vary in size from 1.2 m (4 ft) and 40 kg (88 lb) (Maui's Dolphin), up to 9.5 m (30 ft) and 10 tonnes (the Orca). However, the average length for most North American Species is 13.89 feet in length. Most species weigh about 50 to 200 kg (110 to 440 lb). They are found worldwide, mostly in the shallower seas of the continental shelves, and are carnivores, mostly eating fish and squid. Bottlenose Dolphin is the most common and familiar species of dolphin. (
WIKIPEDIA:Dolphin)
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3363
http://eol.org/pages/7659
bottlenose dolphin
humpback dolphin
spinner dolphin
dolphin family as food source
The porpoises are small cetaceans of the family Phocoenidae; they are related to whales and dolphins. They are however distinct from dolphins, although the word "porpoise" is often used to refer to any small dolphin, especially in North America. A key difference is the shape of the teeth and of the head. Porpoises, divided into six species, live in all oceans, mostly near the shore. Probably best known is the Harbour Porpoise, which can be found across the Northern Hemisphere. (
WIKIPEDIA:Porpoise)
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3364
http://eol.org/pages/7653
phocoenidae
porpoise family as food source
The yak (Bos grunniens) is a long-haired humped domestic bovine found in Tibet and throughout the Himalayan region of south central Asia. In Tibetan, the word yak refers only to the male of the species; a female is a dri or nak. In English, however, yak is usually used for both sexes. Wild yaks (Bos mutus) stand about two meters tall at the shoulder. Domestic yaks are about half that height. Both types have long shaggy hair to insulate them from the cold. Wild yaks can be either brown or black. Domesticated ones can also be white. Both males and females have horns. The word Yak is also used to describe an irritating or disagreeable individual.
WIKIPEDIA:Yak
http://langual.org
ITIS:183840
LANGUAL:B3365
MSW3:14200680
http://eol.org/pages/328700
Bos grunniens Linnaeus, 1766
bos grunniens
grunting ox
yak as food source
There are two species of Roe Deer. The European Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus), a deer species of Europe and Asia Minor, and the Siberian Roe Deer (Capreolus pygargus), found from the Ural Mountains to as far east as China and Siberia. The two species met at the Caucasus Mountains, with the European species occupying the southern flank of the mountain ranges and adjacent Asia Minor and the Siberian species occupying the northern flank of the mountain ranges. Within Europe, the European Roe Deer occurs in most areas, with the exception of northern Scandinavia and some of the islands, notably Iceland, Ireland, and the Mediterranean Sea islands; in the Mediterranean region it is largely confined to mountainous regions, and is absent or rare at low levels. The Roe Deer is a relatively small deer, with a body length of 95-135 cm, a shoulder height of 65-75 cm, and a weight of 15-30 kg. It has rather short, erect antlers and a reddish body with a grey face. Its hide is golden red in summer, darkening to brown or even black in winter, with lighter undersides and a white rump patch; the tail is very short (2-3 cm), and barely visible. Only the males have antlers, which are lost during winter, but which re-grow in time for the mating season.
WIKIPEDIA:Roe_deer
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3366
http://eol.org/pages/15610
capreolus spp.
roe deer as food source
Zebus (Bos taurus indicus), sometimes known as 'nothing cattle', are better-adapted to tropical environments than other domestic cattle. Their scientific name was originally Bos indicus, but this name is now deemed invalid by ITIS, who classify the zebu under Bos taurus along with all other domestic cattle, and their aurochs ancestors, domesticated in India about 10,000 years ago. The ancient species of Bos nomadicus cattle or even gaur may have contributed to the development of the zebus. There are some 75 known breeds, split about evenly between African breeds and South Asian ones. The major Zebu cattle breeds of the world include Gyr, Guzerat, Indu-Brazilian, Nellore, Ongole and Brahman. Zebu have humps, large dewlaps and ears. They have more sweat glands than European cattle (Bos taurus). They handle hot, humid climates well and have pest resistances not seen in European cattle. (
WIKIPEDIA:Zebu)
http://langual.org
ITIS:183838
LANGUAL:B3367
MSW3:14200689
http://eol.org/pages/328699
Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758
Bos taurus indicus Linnaeus, 1758
bos indicus
bos taurus indicus
zebu as food source
The white crappie, Pomoxis annularis Rafinesque, 1818, is native throughout the eastern half of Canada and the United States, and has been widely introduced in the west as well. The white crappie is generally deep-bodied and silvery in color, with darker vertical stripes. The dorsal fin of the white crappie has six spines. The maximum recorded length for a white crappie in 53.0 cm (21 in), with a maximum weight of almost 2.35 kg (more than 5.18 lb); it can live as long as thirty years. This species prefers slower-moving water, whether a backwater of a small creek or a large lake. Some sources say the White Crappie will overpopulate in lakes less than 1000 acres (4 km²). White Crappie often school around structure such as submerged trees. (
WIKIPEDIA:White_crappie)
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:596
FAO ASFIS:PXR
ITIS:168166
LANGUAL:B3368
http://eol.org/pages/218001
Pomoxis annularis
Pomoxis annularis Rafinesque, 1818
aspledinotus grunniens
pomoxis annularis
white crappie as food source
WIKIPEDIA:Murray_cod)
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:MCP
ITIS:641894
LANGUAL:B3369
http://eol.org/pages/357118
Maccullochella peelii (Mitchell 1839)
Maccullochella peelii (Mitchell, 1838)
goodoo
greenfish
maccullochella peeli
murray cod as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:757
FAO ASFIS:BOG
ITIS:169218
LANGUAL:B3370
http://eol.org/pages/203866
Boops boops
Boops boops (Linnaeus, 1758)
boops boops
bogue as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:AKU
ITIS:647905
LANGUAL:B3371
http://eol.org/pages/206982
Acanthopagrus australis (Günther, 1859)
acanthopagrus australis
surf bream
silver bream as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
DPNL 2003:8093
GRIN:30008
GRIN:300085
LANGUAL:B3372
PLANTS:BRASS2
http://eol.org/pages/4219
Brassica
Brassica L.
Brassica sp.
Brassica spp.
brassica spp.
brassica species as food source
Komatsuna (*Brassica rapa* var. *perviridis* or komatsuna) is a type of leaf vegetable. It is a variant of the same species as the common turnip. It is grown commercially in Japan, Taiwan and Korea; the name is from Japanese komatsuna. It is also known as Japanese Mustard Spinach and is usually stir-fried, pickled, boiled and added to soups or used fresh in salads.
WIKIPEDIA:Komatsuna
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8123
GRIN:7687
ITIS:23063
LANGUAL:B3373
http://eol.org/pages/583898
Brassica rapa L.
Brassica rapa L. subsp. perviridis L.H.Bailey
Brassica rapa var. perviridis L. H. Bailey
brassica rapa var. perviridis
japanese mustard spinach
komatsuma plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:319637
ITIS:506222
LANGUAL:B3374
PLANTS:BRPA13
http://eol.org/pages/4219
Brassica campestris L., var. parachinensis (Bailey) Sinsk.
Brassica parachinensis L. H. Bailey
Brassica parachinensis L.H. Bailey
Brassica rapa var. parachinensis (L. H. Bailey) Hanelt
brassica parachinensis
brassica rapa parachinensis
choisum
false pak-choi
tsai shim
tsoi sum
tsai shim plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
DPNL 2003:8110
GRIN:319632
ITIS:23062
LANGUAL:B3375
http://eol.org/pages/583899
Brassica oleracea L.
Brassica oleracea L. var. medullosa Thell.
Brassica oleracea L., convar, acephala (D.C.) Alef, var. medullosa Thell.
Brassica oleracea var. medullosa Thell.
brassica oleracea var. medullosa
marrow-stem cabbage
marrow-stem kale plant as food source
Kale or borecole is a form of cabbage (*Brassica oleracea* Acephala Group), green or purple, in which the central leaves do not form a head. It is considered to be closer to wild cabbage than most domesticated forms. The species *Brassica oleracea* contains a wide array of vegetables including broccoli, cauliflower, collard greens, and brussels sprouts. The cultivar group Acephala also includes spring greens and collard greens, which are extremely similar genetically.
WIKIPEDIA:Borecole
http://langual.org
CCPR:
DPNL 2003:8115
GRIN:319629
ITIS:23062
LANGUAL:B3376
http://eol.org/pages/583899
Brassica oleracea L.
Brassica oleracea L. var. sabellica L.
Brassica oleracea L., convar. acephala (D. C.) Alef., var. sabellica L.
Brassica oleracea var. sabellica L.
borecole
brassica oleracea sabellica
curly kale plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3377
legume animal feed plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3378
straw, fodder or forage of cereal grains and grasses
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:314966
LANGUAL:B3379
Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi; P. thunbergiana (Sieb. & Zucc.) Benth. ; P. phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth.
pueraria montana lobata
kudzu plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:21856
LANGUAL:B3380
Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don ; L. sericea Miq.
lespedeza plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:25737
LANGUAL:B3381
Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.; O. sativa Lamk.
sainfoin plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:300317
LANGUAL:B3382
Lotus corniculatus, L.; other Lotus spp.
trefoil plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:1284
LANGUAL:B3383
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.
cynodon dactylon
bermuda grass plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:28896
LANGUAL:B3384
Poa spp.
poa spp.
bluegrass plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:300088
LANGUAL:B3385
Bromus spp.
bromus spp.
brome grass plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:22502
LANGUAL:B3386
Lolium spp.
lollium spp.
darnel plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3387
tropical or subtropical fruit - edible peel plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:9159
ITIS:30164
LANGUAL:B3388
PLANTS:CACA74
http://eol.org/pages/581122
Carissa carandas L.
carissa carandas
karanda
caranda plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:10993
ITIS:21039
LANGUAL:B3389
PLANTS:COUV
http://eol.org/pages/585315
Coccoloba uvifera (L.) L.
Coccoloba uvifera Jacq.
coccoloba uvifera
jamaican kino
platterleaf
sea-grape plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:409501
ITIS:506414
LANGUAL:B3390
PLANTS:CAPI16
http://eol.org/pages/396430
Canarium pimela Koenig; syn: C. nigrum Engl.; Canarium album (Lour.) Taeusch.
Canarium pimela Konig
Canarium vulgare Leenh.
canarium pimela
canarium vulgare
chinese olive
kenarinut-tree
java-almond plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3391
tropical or subtropical fruit - inedible peel plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:7249
ITIS:22251
LANGUAL:B3392
PLANTS:BIOR
http://eol.org/pages/584439
Bixa orellana L.
annato
arnatto
lipsticktree
annatto plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
DPNL 2003:12193
GRIN:102607
ITIS:23830
LANGUAL:B3393
PLANTS:POCA23
http://eol.org/pages/1152194
Pouteria campechiana (HBK.) Baenhi; this species includes former Lacuma nervosa A.DC. and L. salicifolia HBK.
Pouteria campechiana (Kunth) Baehni
egg-fruit tree
pouteria campechiana
yellow sapote
canistel plant as food source
The ilama (also known as the tree of the ilama, Annona diversifolia) is a tropical fruit tree found in Central America.
WIKIPEDIA:Annona_diversifolia
http://langual.org
CCPR:
ITIS:506199
LANGUAL:B3394
PLANTS:ANDI11
http://eol.org/pages/1546
Annona diversifolia Saff.
annona diversifolia
ilama plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
DPNL 2003:13410
GRIN:312990
ITIS:506170
LANGUAL:B3395
PLANTS:SYSA3
http://eol.org/pages/2508668
Eugenia javanica Lam; Syn: Syzigium samarangense (Bl.) Merr. & Perry
Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L. M. Perry
Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L.M. Perry
Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L.M.Perry
Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & Perry
eugenia javanica
java apple plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:300191
LANGUAL:B3396
Dioscorea L.
yam plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:14263
ITIS:43378
LANGUAL:B3397
PLANTS:DITR3
http://eol.org/pages/1120635
Dioscorea trifida L.
Dioscorea trifida L. f.
dioscorea trifida
indian yam
cush-cush yam plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:14249
ITIS:43376
LANGUAL:B3398
MANSFELD:18876
PLANTS:DIRO
http://eol.org/pages/1294852
Dioscorea rotundata Poir.
common yam
eight-months yam
guinea yam
white yam
white guinea yam plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:14189
ITIS:506485
LANGUAL:B3399
MANSFELD:18799
PLANTS:DICA25
http://eol.org/pages/1121127
Dioscorea cayenensis Lam.
twelve-months yam
yellow yam
yellow guinea yam plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:8827
LANGUAL:B3400
Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC.
giant stock-bean
jack-bean plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:882
LANGUAL:B3401
Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC.
dolichos gladiatus
sword-bean plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:27549
LANGUAL:B3402
Phaseolus acutifolius Gray, var. latifolius Freem.
tepary plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:24652
LANGUAL:B3403
Mucuna deeringiana (Bort.) Merr.; Stizolobium deeringianum Bort.; other Stizolobium spp.
velvet bean plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7658
GRIN:3866
ITIS:23530
LANGUAL:B3404
PLANTS:ARUV
http://eol.org/pages/583640
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.
arctostaphylos uva-ursi
bear-grape
hog-cranberry
bearberry plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:26276
ITIS:21605
LANGUAL:B3405
PLANTS:PAIN7
http://eol.org/pages/584766
Pachira insignis (Sw.) Savigny
Pachira insignis (Sw.) Sw. ex Savigny
malabar chestnut
pachira nut
wild chestnut
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the chestnut fruit (nut) index both *WILD CHESTNUT [B3405]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
pachira plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:103582
GRIN:400366
GRIN:410702
LANGUAL:B3406
PLANTS:ZEMAH
PLANTS:ZEMAP
http://eol.org/pages/8223
Zea mays L. ssp. parviglumis Iltis & Doebley
Zea mays L. ssp. parviglumis Iltis & Doebley var. huehuetenangensis Iltis & Doebley
Zea mays ssp. mexicana (Schrader) Iltis; Zea mexicana (Schrader) Kunze; Euchlaena mexicana Schrader.
Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Iltis & Doebley
Zea mays subsp. huehuetenangensis (H. H. Iltis & Doebley) Doebley
Zea mays subsp. mexicana (Schrad.) H. H. Iltis
Zea mays subsp. parviglumis H. H. Iltis & Doebley
Zea mays var. huehuetenangensis Iltis & Doebley
teosinte plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:12546
LANGUAL:B3407
Cucumis sativus L.; pickling cucumber cultivars
bur cucumber
bur gherkin
cucumis anguria
west indian gherkin plant as food source
*Chenopodium pallidicaule*, sometimes known as Cañihua, Canihua, Kañiwa, Cañahua is a species of goosefoot, similar in character and uses to the closely related quinoa.
WIKIPEDIA:Chenopodium_pallidicaule
http://langual.org
GRIN:10193
ITIS:506566
LANGUAL:B3408
PLANTS:CHPA23
http://eol.org/pages/489446
Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen
cañahua
cañihua
chenopodium pallidicaule
kañiwa
canihua plant as food source
*Solanum nigrum* (European Black Nightshade or locally just "black nightshade", Duscle, Garden Nightshade, Hound's Berry, Petty Morel, Wonder Berry, Small-fruited black nightshade or popolo) is a species in the *Solanum* genus, native to Eurasia and introduced in the Americas, Australasia and South Africa. Parts of this plant can be highly toxic to livestock and humans, and it's considered a weed. Nonetheless, ripe berries and cooked leaves of edible strains are used as food in some locales; and plant parts are used as a traditional medicine.
WIKIPEDIA:Solanum_nigrum
http://langual.org
CCPR:
DPNL 2003:13168
GRIN:310124
ITIS:565525
LANGUAL:B3409
PLANTS:SONI
http://eol.org/pages/418543
Solanum nigrum L.
solanum nigrum
black nightshade plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:7169
ITIS:35731
LANGUAL:B3410
PLANTS:BIPI
http://eol.org/pages/579063
Bidens pilosa L.
bidens pilosa
hairy beggar-ticks
spanish-needles
blackjack plant as food source
Wolfberry, commercially called goji berry, is the common name for the fruit of two very closely related species: *Lycium barbarum* and *Lycium chinense*, two species of boxthorn in the family *Solanaceae* (which also includes the potato, tomato, eggplant, deadly nightshade, chili pepper, and tobacco). It is native to southeastern Europe and Asia.
WIKIPEDIA:Lycium_chinense
http://langual.org
CCPR:
DPNL 2003:10983
GRIN:22942
ITIS:30538
LANGUAL:B3411
PLANTS:LYCH
http://eol.org/pages/581046
Lycium chinense Mill.
Lycium chinense P. Mill.
chinese boxthorn
chinese desert-thorn
chinese wolfberry
lycium chinense
chinese box thorn plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:23312
ITIS:21841
LANGUAL:B3413
PLANTS:MAVE
http://eol.org/pages/584649
MaMalva verticillata L.; syn: M. crispa L.; M. mohileviensis Graebn., M. pamiroalaica Ilj. and M. sylvestris L.
Malva verticillata L.
cluster mallow
malva verticillata
mallow plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
DPNL 2003:8266
GRIN:8657
ITIS:18454
LANGUAL:B3414
PLANTS:CAPA5
http://eol.org/pages/596646
Caltha palustris L.
caltha palustris
cowflock
cowslip
marsh marigold plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
DPNL 2003:13194
GRIN:34939
ITIS:38427
LANGUAL:B3415
PLANTS:SOOL
http://eol.org/pages/492350
Sonchus oleraceus L.
sowthistle plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:9703
LANGUAL:B3416
Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn.
kapok plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:101417
LANGUAL:B3417
Allium chinense Don.
allium bakeri
chinese scallion
rakkyo
chinese onion plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
DPNL 2003:13838
GRIN:105107
ITIS:506274
LANGUAL:B3418
PLANTS:VISU7
http://eol.org/pages/655134
Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.
Voandzeia subterranea (L.) Thou.
bambara bean
congo goober
ground-bean
hog-peanut
vigna subterranea
voandzeia subterranea
bambara groundnut plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:311411
LANGUAL:B3419
Macrostyloma geocarpum (Harms) Marcechal & Baudet; Kerstingiella geocarpa Harms.; Voandzeia poissoinii Chev.
geocarpa bean
geocarpa groundnut
kersting's groundnut plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
DPNL 2003:8715
GRIN:316941
ITIS:20395
LANGUAL:B3420
PLANTS:CLPE
http://eol.org/pages/586874
Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willd.
Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willd.; Montia perfoliata Howell
claytonia perfoliata
cuban-spinach
miner's-lettuce
winter-purslane plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:33026
LANGUAL:B3421
Great burnet (Sanguisorba officinalis L.; Poterium officinala A. Gray) ; Salad burnet (Sanguisorba minor Scop.; syn: Poterium sanguisorba L.)
burnet plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:1392
LANGUAL:B3422
Dictamnus albus L. ; D. fraxinella Pers.
cretan dittany
dittany
burning-bush plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:1358
LANGUAL:B3423
Acorus calamus L.
flagroot
calamus plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:24703
LANGUAL:B3424
Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng.
curryleaf plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:20121
LANGUAL:B3425
Inula helenium L.
elecampane plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:23450
LANGUAL:B3426
Marrubium vulgare L.
horehound plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:21677
LANGUAL:B3427
Lavandula angustifolia Mill..; L. officinalis Chaix; L. spica L.; L. vera DC.
lavender plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:8457
LANGUAL:B3428
Calendula officinalis L.
calendula
marigold plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:32578
LANGUAL:B3429
Ruta graveolens L.
rue plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:102117
LANGUAL:B3430
Myrrhis odorata (L.) Scop.
myrrh
sweet cicely plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:80037
LANGUAL:B3431
Tanacetum balsamita L.; Chrysanthemum balsamita L.
tansy plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:103279
LANGUAL:B3432
Asperula odorata L.
galium odoratum
woodruff plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:427
LANGUAL:B3433
Artemisia absinthium L.; A. abrotanum L.; A. vulgaris L.
mugwort
southernwood
wormwood plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:12569
LANGUAL:B3434
Trichosanthes cucumerina L.; syn: T. anguina L.
cucumis melo flexuosus
serpent melon
snake melon
snake gourd plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
LANGUAL:B3435
Hybrids of Grapefruit x Tangelo
tangelolo plant as food source
The Lecythidaceae comprise a family of about 20 genera and 250-300 species of woody plants native to tropical South America and Madagascar. The most important member of the family in world trade is the Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa), valued for its edible nuts; the Paradise nut (Lecythis species) is also eaten.
WIKIPEDIA:Lecythidaceae
http://langual.org
CCPR:
LANGUAL:B3436
http://eol.org/pages/34921
Lecythis zabucajo Aubl.; L. elliptica Kunth; L. ollaria L.; L. usitatis Miers
lecythis spp.
paradise nut
sapucaia-nut plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:36334
ITIS:27762
LANGUAL:B3437
PLANTS:TECA
http://eol.org/pages/582724
Terminalia catappa L.
indian-almond
malabar-almond
sea-almond
terminalia catappa
tropical almond plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:2492
LANGUAL:B3438
Alocasia macrorrhiza (L.) Schott
alocasia indica
alocasia macrorrhizos
alocasia plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:4256
LANGUAL:B3439
Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancr.; A. esculenta DC.
peruvian-carrot
arracacha plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:10020
LANGUAL:B3440
Chaerophyllum bulbosum L.
turnip-rooted chervil
bulbous chervil plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:8858
LANGUAL:B3441
Canna edulis Ker.
achira
canna indica
gruya
queensland arrowroot
edible canna plant as food source
*Allium ampeloprasum* is a member of the onion genus *Allium. The wild plant is commonly known as wild leek or broadleaf wild leek. Its native range is southern Europe to western Asia, but it is cultivated in many other places and has become naturalized in many countries.
WIKIPEDIA:Allium_ampeloprasum
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:405537
LANGUAL:B3442
Allium ampeloprasum L., var. kurrat Schweinf. ex Krause
allium ampeloprasum
allium kurrat
broadleaf wild leek
salad leek
wild leek
kurrat plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:26219
LANGUAL:B3443
Oxalis tuberosa Mol.
oca plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:8778
LANGUAL:B3444
Campanula rapunculus L.
rampion plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:34477
LANGUAL:B3445
Sium sisarum L.
skirret
skirrit plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:8405
LANGUAL:B3446
Calathea allouia (Aubl.) Lindl.
guinea arrowroot
leren
topee tambu plant as food source
http://langual.org
CCPR:
GRIN:40814
LANGUAL:B3447
Ullucus tuberosus Caldas
ullucu plant as food source
Anadromous fish live in the sea mostly, breed in fresh water; the best-known are salmon, which hatch in small freshwater streams, go down to the sea and live there for several years, then return to the same streams where they were hatched, spawn, and die shortly thereafter.
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3448
anadromous fish as food source
Catadromous fish live in fresh water, breed in the sea; the most remarkable are freshwater eels of genus Anguilla, whose larvae drift on the open ocean, sometimes for months or years, before travelling thousands of kilometres back to their original streams.
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3449
catadromous fish as food source
Amphidromous fish move between fresh and salt water during some part of life cycle, but not for breeding.
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3450
amphidromous fish as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:EWN
ITIS:161131
LANGUAL:B3451
http://eol.org/pages/222625
Anguilla nebulosa McClelland, 1844
anguilla nebulosa
mottled eel
long-finned eel as food source
Astacus astacus, the European crayfish, noble crayfish or broad-fingered crayfish, is the most common species of crayfish in Europe. Like other crayfish, The European crayfish is restricted to freshwater, living only in unpolluted streams, rivers and lakes. It is found from France throughout central Europe, to the Balkan peninsula, and north as far as parts of the British Isles, Scandinavia, and the western parts of the former Soviet Union.
Astacus astacus is susceptible to the crayfish plague carried by the invasive American species Pacifastacus leniusculus, and is therefore listed as "vulnerable" by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Citation: Sket, B. 1996. Astacus astacus. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 26 January 2007.
WIKIPEDIA:Astacus_astacus
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1263
FAO ASFIS:AAS
ITIS:97333
LANGUAL:B3453
http://eol.org/pages/1021866
Astacus astacus (Linnaeus, 1758)
astacus astacus
braod-fingered crayfish
european crayfish
noble crayfish as food source
Astacus leptodactylus, the Danube crayfish or Galician crayfish, is a species of crayfish native to eastern Europe. It can be distinguished most easily from the commoner European or broad-fingered crayfish (Astacus astacus) by the relatively thinner "fingers" of the claws.
WIKIPEDIA:Astacus_leptodactylus
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1264
FAO ASFIS:CRD
LANGUAL:B3454
Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823
Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholz, 1823
astacus leptodactylus
galician crayfish
danube crayfish as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7720
GRIN:4247
LANGUAL:B3455
http://eol.org/pages/8097
Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott
aronia melanocarpa
black chokeberry plant
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3456
tropaeolum majus
garden nasturtium plant as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:QSH
ITIS:645493
LANGUAL:B3457
http://eol.org/pages/207636
Polydactylus macrochir (Günther, 1867)
king salmon
king threadfin salmon
polydactylus macrochir
polydactylus sheridani
threadfin salmon
king threadfin as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3458
piber auritum
piper sanctum
piper umbellatum
pepper leaves plant as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:FOK
ITIS:775084
LANGUAL:B3459
http://eol.org/pages/330963
Lithobates catesbeianus (Shaw, 1802)
Rana catesbeiana Shaw 1802
lithobates catesbeianus
rana catesbeiana
american bullfrog as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:FRT
LANGUAL:B3460
Rana tigrina Daudin 1802
asiatic bullfrog
rana tigrina
indian bullfrog as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:FGM
ITIS:665296
LANGUAL:B3461
http://eol.org/pages/1019739
Rana dalmatina Bonaparte 1840
Rana dalmatina Fitzinger in Bonaparte, 1839
rana dalmatina
agile frog as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:FGT
ITIS:173444
LANGUAL:B3462
http://eol.org/pages/331133
Rana temporaria Linnaeus 1758
Rana temporaria Linnaeus, 1758
european frog
rana temporaria
common frog as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:FGK
LANGUAL:B3463
Rana esculenta Linnaeus 1758
common water frog
green frog
rana esculenta
edible frog as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:FGI
ITIS:775195
LANGUAL:B3464
http://eol.org/pages/320013
Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771)
Rana ridibunda Pallas, 1771
pelophylax ridibundus
rana ridibunda
marsh frog as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:FGL
ITIS:775190
LANGUAL:B3465
http://eol.org/pages/332998
Pelophylax lessonae (Camerano, 1882)
Rana lessonae Camerano 1882
rana lessonae
pool frog as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3466
eretmochelys imbricate
hawksbill turtle as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1476
FAO ASFIS:TTL
ITIS:173830
LANGUAL:B3467
http://eol.org/pages/1056566
Caretta caretta (Linnaeus, 1758)
caretta caretta
thalasochelys caretta
loggerhead turtle as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3468
amphibian or reptile as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LRH
ITIS:163681
LANGUAL:B3469
http://eol.org/pages/216382
Labeo rohita
Labeo rohita (Hamilton 1822)
Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822)
catla catla
indian carp
labeo calbassa
labeo rohita
rohu as food source
Morinda citrifolia, commonly known as great morinda, Indian mulberry, nunaakai (Tamil Nadu, India) , dog dumpling (Barbados), mengkudu (Indonesia and Malaysia), Kumudu (Balinese), pace (Javanese), beach mulberry, cheese fruit[1] or noni (from Hawaiian) is a tree in the coffee family, Rubiaceae.
WIKIPEDIA:Morinda_citrifolia
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11258
GRIN:318237
ITIS:35071
LANGUAL:B3470
PLANTS:MOCI3
http://eol.org/pages/1095628
Morinda citrifolia L.
gret morinda
hog apple
indian mulberry
morinda citrifolia
noni
rotten cheesefruit
indian mulberry tree
http://langual.org
GRIN:14027
ITIS:40635
LANGUAL:B3471
PLANTS:DIIB2
http://eol.org/pages/8223
Digitaria iburua Stapf
digitaria iburua
black fonio plant as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:ALR
ITIS:163663
LANGUAL:B3472
http://eol.org/pages/203970
Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus, 1758)
alburnus alburnus
bleak as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:ROR
ITIS:163607
LANGUAL:B3473
http://eol.org/pages/204542
Rhodeus sericeus (Pallas 1776)
Rhodeus sericeus (Pallas, 1776)
rhodeus sericeus
amur bitterling as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:314
FAO ASFIS:FCC
ITIS:163352
LANGUAL:B3474
http://eol.org/pages/205155
Carassius carassius
Carassius carassius (Linnaeus, 1758)
carassius carassius
crucian carp as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:335
FAO ASFIS:LUH
ITIS:163581
LANGUAL:B3475
http://eol.org/pages/2778689
Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758)
leuciscus cephalus
european chub as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:318
FAO ASFIS:HON
ITIS:639383
LANGUAL:B3476
http://eol.org/pages/339806
Chondrostoma nasus (Linnaeus, 1758)
chondrostoma nasus
sneep as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
LANGUAL:B3477
http://eol.org/pages/3198
Scardinius erythrophthalmus
scardinius erythrophthalmus
rudd as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:ACC
ITIS:168520
LANGUAL:B3478
http://eol.org/pages/203972
Gymnocephalus cernuus (Linnaeus, 1758)
gymnocephalus cernuus
ruffe as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13782
GRIN:300653
LANGUAL:B3479
PLANTS:VERBE
http://eol.org/pages/4304
Verbena
Verbena L.
Verbena sp.
verbena ssp.
vervain
verbena plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13787
GRIN:41164
ITIS:32110
LANGUAL:B3480
PLANTS:VEOF
http://eol.org/pages/579851
Verbena officinalis L.
common vervain
verbena officinalis
common verbena plant as food source
See also [http://www.marlin.ac.uk/species/pectenmaximus.htm]
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1348
FAO ASFIS:SCE
ITIS:79683
LANGUAL:B3481
http://eol.org/pages/449733
Pecten maximus
Pecten maximus (Linnaeus, 1758)
coquille saint-jacques
pecten maximus
great atlantic scallop as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:177152
LANGUAL:B3482
http://eol.org/pages/914623
Columbina passerina (Linnaeus, 1758)
columbina passerina
common ground dove as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3483
pod or seed vegetable, poisonous cultivars as food source
The pea is most commonly the small spherical seed or the seed-pod of the pod fruit *Pisum sativum*.
Green "garden" peas, eaten immature and fresh, were an innovative luxury of Early Modern Europe. In England, the distinction between "field peas" and "garden peas" dates from the early 17th century.
WIKIPEDIA:Pisum_sativum
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12010
GRIN:300472
ITIS:26867
LANGUAL:B3484
PLANTS:PISA6
http://eol.org/pages/703192
Pisum sativum L.
garden pea plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:UDQ
LANGUAL:B3485
http://eol.org/pages/7125
Munida gregaria
Munida gregaria (Fabricius 1793)
lobster krill
munida gregaria
red whalefeed
squat lobster
swarming squat lobster
new zealand langostino as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7306
GRIN:2217
ITIS:42708
LANGUAL:B3486
PLANTS:ALAM
http://eol.org/pages/8790855
Allium ampeloprasum L.
allium ampeloprasum
broadleaf wild leek
levant garlic
wild leek
great-headed garlic plant as food source
Tree onions, also commonly called top onions or Egyptian onions, are a strong-growing onion with a bunch of bulblets where a normal onion would have flowers. In some varieties these bulblets will sprout and grow while still on the original stalk, which may bend down under the weight of the new growth, giving rise to the name, walking onion. [Source: Wikipedia]
http://langual.org
GRIN:
GRIN:404736
LANGUAL:B3487
Allium ×proliferum (Moench) Schrad. ex Willd.
beltsville bunching onion
catawissa onion
egyptian onion
top onion
wakegi onion
tree onion plant as food source
*Luffa acutangula* (Angled luffa, Ridged luffa, Vegetable Gourd, Silk squash, Sin qua) is a species of *Luffa*. It is commercially grown for its unripe fruits as a vegetable. Mature fruits are used to make cleaning sponges. Its fruit slightly resembles a cucumber with ridges. It ranges from central Asia and eastern Asia to southeastern Asia.
WIKIPEDIA:Luffa_acutangula
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10954
GRIN:22787
ITIS:503569
LANGUAL:B3488
PLANTS:LUAC2
http://eol.org/pages/487004
Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb.
chinese-okra
luffa acutangula
ribbed gourd
ribbed loofah
ridged gourd
silky gourd
angled loofah plant as food source
Vaccinium parvifolium (Red Huckleberry) is a species of Vaccinium native to the Pacific Northwest of North America. Indigenous peoples found the plant and its fruit very useful. The bright red, acidic berries were used extensively for food throughout the year.
WIKIPEDIA:Vaccinium_parvifolium
http://langual.org
GRIN:41050
ITIS:23612
LANGUAL:B3489
PLANTS:VAPA
http://eol.org/pages/583641
Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.
vaccinium parvifolium
red huckleberry plant
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1207
FAO ASFIS:TGS
ITIS:551590
LANGUAL:B3490
http://eol.org/pages/999884
Melicertus kerathurus
Melicertus kerathurus (Forskål, 1775)
Penaeus kerathurus (Forsskål 1775)
Penaeus kerathurus (Forsskål, 1775)
melicertus kerathurus
penaeus caramote
penaeus kerathurus
penaeus trisulcatus
tripple-grooved shrimp
caramote prawn as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:PNP
ITIS:551593
LANGUAL:B3491
http://eol.org/pages/325036
Melicertus plebejus
Melicertus plebejus (Hess, 1865)
Penaeus plebejus Hess 1865
melicertus plebejus
ocean king prawn
penaeus plebejus
eastern king prawn as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1194
FAO ASFIS:ENS
ITIS:95812
LANGUAL:B3492
http://eol.org/pages/7184
Metapenaeus endeavouri (Schmitt, 1926)
Metapenaeus endeavouri Schmitt, 1926
endeavour prawn
endeavour shrimp
metapenaeus endeavouri
brown prawn as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1213
FAO ASFIS:TIP
ITIS:95644
LANGUAL:B3493
http://eol.org/pages/321430
Penaeus semisulcatus
Penaeus semisulcatus De Haan, 1844
Penaeus semisulcatus de Haan, 1844
penaeus semisulcatus
green tiger prawn as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1206
FAO ASFIS:KUP
ITIS:551588
LANGUAL:B3494
http://eol.org/pages/1022155
Marsupenaeus japonicus
Marsupenaeus japonicus (Bate, 1888)
Penaeus japonicus Bate, 1888
japanese tiger shrimp
kuruma shrimp
marsupenaeus japonicus
penaeus canaliculatus japonicus
penaeus japonicus
kuruma prawn as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1208
FAO ASFIS:WKP
ITIS:551687
LANGUAL:B3495
http://eol.org/pages/1021965
Melicertus latisulcatus
Melicertus latisulcatus (Kishinouye, 1896)
Penaeus latisulcatus Kishinouye, 1896
melicertus latisulcatus
melicertus latisulcatus latisulcatus
penaeus latisulcatus
western king prawn as food source
FAO Species fact sheet [http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2598].
http://langual.org
CEC 1993 :1199
FAO ASFIS:DPS
ITIS:95733
LANGUAL:B3496
http://eol.org/pages/343935
Parapenaeus longirostris (Lucas 1846)
Parapenaeus longirostris (Lucas, 1846)
deepwater rose shrimp
gamba
neopenaeopsis paradoxus
parapenaeus paradoxus
penaeopsis paradoxus
penaeus bocagei
penaeus cocco
penaeus longirostris
deep-water rose shrimp as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:392
FAO ASFIS:ELJ
ITIS:161134
LANGUAL:B3497
http://eol.org/pages/206835
Anguilla japonica
Anguilla japonica Temminck & Schlegel, 1847
Anguilla japonica Temminck and Schlegel, 1846
anguilla japonica
japanese eel as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:268
FAO ASFIS:SME
ITIS:162039
LANGUAL:B3498
http://eol.org/pages/204828
Osmerus eperlanus
Osmerus eperlanus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Osmerus eperlanus Linnaeus, 1758
osmerus eperlanus
european smelt as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:269
CEC 1993:270
FAO ASFIS:SMR
ITIS:162041
LANGUAL:B3499
http://eol.org/pages/357054
Osmerus mordax
Osmerus mordax (Mitchill, 1814)
Osmerus mordax Mitchill, 1814
Osmerus mordax Steindachner & Kner 1870
Osmerus mordax dentex
Osmerus mordax dentex Steindachner, 1870
Osmerus mordax mordax (Mitchill, 1814)
osmerus mordax
LanguaL curation note: According to FISHBASE, the taxonomic status of the scientific name is not valid. Valid entry is *ATLANTIC RAINBOW SMELT [B1905]* (Osmerus mordax mordax (Mitchill, 1814)).
Status of scientific name in ITIS is valid, in which , Osmerus mordax mordax (Mitchill, 1814) is a subspecies.
rainbow smelt as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:AMU
ITIS:623349
LANGUAL:B3500
http://eol.org/pages/1015234
Esox reichertii Dybowski, 1869
blackspotted pike
esox reichertii
amur pike as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:MCA
ITIS:641895
LANGUAL:B3501
http://eol.org/pages/211386
Macquaria ambigua (Richardson, 1845)
macquaria ambigua
golden perch as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:791
FAO ASFIS:SLM
ITIS:182942
LANGUAL:B3502
http://eol.org/pages/205278
Sarpa salpa (Linnaeus, 1758)
boops salpa
sarpa salpa
sparus salpa
salema as food source
Gulls or seagulls are seabirds of the family *Laridae* in the sub-order *Lari*. They are most closely related to the terns (family *Sternidae*) and only distantly related to auks, skimmers, and more distantly to the waders. Until the twenty-first century most gulls were placed in the genus *Larus*, but this arrangement is now known to be polyphyletic, leading to the resurrection of several genera. An older name for gulls is mew, cognate with German "Möwe", Danish "måge", Dutch "meeuw" and French "mouette"; this term can still be found in certain regional dialects.].
WIKIPEDIA:Gull
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3503
http://eol.org/pages/8001
guillemots
seagull
tern
gull as food source
See also Wikipedia .
WIKIPEDIA:Plover
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3504
http://eol.org/pages/8011
oystercatcher
plover as food source
Emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum), also known as farro especially in Italy, is a low yielding, awned wheat. It was one of the first crops domesticated in the Near East. It was widely cultivated in the ancient world, but is now a relict crop in mountainous regions of Europe and Asia.
WIKIPEDIA:Emmer
http://langual.org
ITIS:506639
LANGUAL:B3505
http://eol.org/pages/1114086
Triticum dicoccon Schrank
farro
triticum dicoccum
ttiticum turgidum subsp. dicoccon
emmer plant as food source
Einkorn wheat (from German Einkorn, literally "single grain") can refer either to the wild species of wheat, Triticum boeoticum (the spelling baeoticum is also common), or to the domesticated form, Triticum monococcum. The wild and domesticated forms are either considered separate species, as here, or as subspecies of T. monococcum. Einkorn is a diploid species of hulled wheat, with tough glumes ('husks') that tightly enclose the grains. The cultivated form is similar to the wild, except that the ear stays intact when ripe and the seeds are larger.
WIKIPEDIA:Einkorn
http://langual.org
GRIN:410367
ITIS:42241
LANGUAL:B3506
PLANTS:TRMO22
http://eol.org/pages/1115242
Triticum monococcum L.
einkorn plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13671
GRIN:40544
GRIN:410383
ITIS:42237
LANGUAL:B3507
MANSFELD:34204
PLANTS:TRAE
http://eol.org/pages/1115240
Triticum aestivum L.
Triticum aestivum subsp. aestivum
triticum aestivum
common wheat plant as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:176985
LANGUAL:B3508
http://eol.org/pages/1049817
Cepphus grylle (Linnaeus, 1758)
cepphus grylle
guillemot
black guillemot as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3509
http://eol.org/pages/8892
etmopteridae
lantern sharks
lantern shark family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3510
http://eol.org/pages/1888
houndsharks
smooth dogfishes
smooth-hounds
topes
triakidae
whiskery sharks
hound shark family as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:52
FAO ASFIS:SMD
ITIS:160242
LANGUAL:B3511
http://eol.org/pages/221103
Mustelus mustelus (Linnaeus, 1758)
mustelus mustelus
smooth hound
smooth-hound as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:50
FAO ASFIS:CTU
ITIS:160249
LANGUAL:B3512
http://eol.org/pages/988264
Mustelus antarcticus
Mustelus antarcticus Günther, 1870
lemonfish
mustelus antarcticus
gummy shark as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:MTL
ITIS:160258
LANGUAL:B3513
http://eol.org/pages/2775242
Mustelus lenticulatus
Mustelus lenticulatus Phillipps, 1932
lemonfish
mustelus lenticulatus
rig
spotted estuary smooth-hound as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:65
FAO ASFIS:QUB
ITIS:160621
LANGUAL:B3514
http://eol.org/pages/339916
Squalus blainville
Squalus blainville (Risso, 1827)
Squalus blainvillei (Risso, 1826)
Squalus blainvillei (Risso, 1827)
northern spurdog
squalus blainville
longnose spurdog as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3515
http://eol.org/pages/1887
carcharhiniformes
ground sharks
fish, carcharhiniform as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3516
http://eol.org/pages/1896
cat sharks
catsharks
scyliorhinidae
cat shark family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:33
FAO ASFIS:SYT
ITIS:160067
LANGUAL:B3517
http://eol.org/pages/994481
Scyliorhinus stellaris
Scyliorhinus stellaris (Linnaeus, 1758)
greater spotted dogfish
large spotted dogfish
scyliorhinus stellaris
squalus stellaris
nursehound as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:31
FAO ASFIS:SYC
ITIS:160065
LANGUAL:B3518
http://eol.org/pages/994476
Scyliorhinus canicula
Scyliorhinus canicula (Linnaeus, 1758)
rock salmon
scyliorhinus canicula
small-spotted catshark as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3519
squatiniformes
fish, squantiniform as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SUD
ITIS:160787
LANGUAL:B3520
http://eol.org/pages/206815
Squatina dumeril
Squatina dumeril Lesueur, 1818
atlantic angelshark
monkfish
nurse fish
sand devil
squatina dumeril
atlantic angel shark as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SUC
ITIS:160785
LANGUAL:B3521
http://eol.org/pages/206814
Squatina californica
Squatina californica Ayres, 1859
california angel shark
monkfish
northern angelshark
pacific angelshark
squatina californica
pacific angel shark as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3522
http://eol.org/pages/24907
lamna spp.
mackerel shark as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3523
http://eol.org/pages/26898
carcharodon spp.
carcharodon as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:21
FAO ASFIS:LMD
ITIS:159910
LANGUAL:B3524
http://eol.org/pages/209379
Lamna ditropis
Lamna ditropis Hubbs & Follett, 1947
Lamna ditropis Hubbs and Follett, 1947
lamna ditropis
shark, salmon
salmon shark as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:18
FAO ASFIS:WSH
ITIS:159903
LANGUAL:B3525
http://eol.org/pages/213726
Carcharodon carcharias
Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus, 1758)
carcharodon carcharias
maneater
great white shark as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3526
http://eol.org/pages/23812
carcharhinus spp.
gray sharks
grey sharks as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:40
FAO ASFIS:CCP
ITIS:160289
LANGUAL:B3527
http://eol.org/pages/218733
Carcharhinus plumbeus
Carcharhinus plumbeus (Nardo, 1827)
carcharhinus plumbeus
sandbar shark as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:CCS
ITIS:160413
LANGUAL:B3528
http://eol.org/pages/203973
Carcharhinus signatus
Carcharhinus signatus (Poey, 1868)
carcharhinus signatus
night shark as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:CCR
ITIS:160340
LANGUAL:B3529
http://eol.org/pages/212086
Carcharhinus porosus
Carcharhinus porosus (Ranzani, 1839)
Carcharhinus porosus (Ranzani, 1840)
carcharhinus porosus
smalltail shark as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:160336
LANGUAL:B3530
http://eol.org/pages/845614
Carcharhinus perezii
Carcharhinus perezii (Poey, 1876)
carcharhinus perezii
carribean reef shark as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:39
FAO ASFIS:DUS
ITIS:160268
LANGUAL:B3531
http://eol.org/pages/212281
Carcharhinus obscurus
Carcharhinus obscurus (Lesueur, 1818)
carcharhinus obscurus
dusky shark as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1309
FAO ASFIS:ABG
LANGUAL:B3532
Haliotis gigantea
Haliotis gigantea Gmelin, 1791
haliotis gigantea
giant abalone as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1310
FAO ASFIS:ABP
LANGUAL:B3533
Haliotis midae (Linnaeus 1758)
haliotis midae
perlemoen abalone as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1311
FAO ASFIS:ABR
LANGUAL:B3534
Haliotis ruber Leach, 1814
Haliotis rubra
Haliotis rubra Leach 1814
haliotis ruber
haliotis rubra
blacklip abalone as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1313
FAO ASFIS:HLT
ITIS:69508
LANGUAL:B3535
http://eol.org/pages/620404
Haliotis tuberculata
Haliotis tuberculata Linnaeus, 1758
haliotis tuberculata
tube abalone
tuberculate abalone as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:HRW
ITIS:69500
LANGUAL:B3536
http://eol.org/pages/620393
Haliotis fulgens
Haliotis fulgens Philippi, 1845
haliotis fulgens
southern green abalone
green abalone as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:HAZ
ITIS:69498
LANGUAL:B3537
http://eol.org/pages/620397
Haliotis cracherodii
Haliotis cracherodii Leach, 1814
haliotis cracherodii
black abalone as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:ABF
ITIS:69497
LANGUAL:B3538
http://eol.org/pages/620396
Haliotis rufescens
Haliotis rufescens Swainson, 1822
haliotis rufescens
red abalone as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:HJV
ITIS:69499
LANGUAL:B3539
http://eol.org/pages/620395
Haliotis corrugata
Haliotis corrugata Gray, 1828
Haliotis corrugata W. Wood, 1828
haliotis corrugata
pink abalone as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:HSW
ITIS:69502
LANGUAL:B3540
http://eol.org/pages/462646
Haliotis sorenseni
Haliotis sorenseni Bartsch, 1940
haliotis sorenseni
white abalone as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:LIY
ITIS:69507
LANGUAL:B3541
http://eol.org/pages/462648
Haliotis asinina Linnaeus, 1758
haliotis asinina
donkeys ear abalone as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:HTW
ITIS:69509
LANGUAL:B3542
Haliotis assimilis
Haliotis assimilis Dall, 1878
haliotis assimilis
threaded abalone as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
LANGUAL:B3543
Haliotis australis
haliotis australis
queen paua
australian abalone as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:69501
LANGUAL:B3544
http://eol.org/pages/620394
Haliotis walallensis
Haliotis walallensis Stearns, 1899
haliotis walallensis
flat abalone as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:69494
LANGUAL:B3545
http://eol.org/pages/620425
Haliotis kamtschatkana
Haliotis kamtschatkana Jonas, 1845
haliotis kamtschatkana
pinto abalone as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:79380
LANGUAL:B3546
http://eol.org/pages/450168
Barbatia cancellaria
Barbatia cancellaria (Lamarck, 1819)
barbatia cancellaria
red-brown ark as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:RQZ
ITIS:79368
LANGUAL:B3547
http://eol.org/pages/452127
Arca zebra
Arca zebra (Swainson, 1833)
arca zebra
turkey wing as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:RKQ
LANGUAL:B3548
Arca noae
Arca noae Linnaeus, 1758
arca noae
noahs ark as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:RKM
ITIS:79370
LANGUAL:B3549
http://eol.org/pages/452058
Arca imbricata
Arca imbricata Bruguiere, 1789
arca imbricata
mossy ark as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
LANGUAL:B3550
Anadara subcrenata
anadara subcrenata
mogai clam as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:79351
LANGUAL:B3551
http://eol.org/pages/2217
Anadara baughmani
Anadara baughmani Hertlein, 1951
anadara baughmani
skewed ark
baughman ark as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:89566
LANGUAL:B3552
http://eol.org/pages/1020447
Lepas anserifera Linnaeus, 1758
lepas anserifera
goose barnacle as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:ESF
ITIS:89561
LANGUAL:B3553
http://eol.org/pages/1020694
Lepas anatifera Linnaeus 1767
Lepas anatifera Linnaeus, 1758
lepas anatifera
duck barnacle as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:98888
LANGUAL:B3554
http://eol.org/pages/1040970
Eriphia gonagra (J. C. Fabricius, 1781)
eriphia gonagra
warty crab
redfinger rubble crab as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:EIK
ITIS:199975
LANGUAL:B3555
http://eol.org/pages/344746
Eriphia verrucosa (Forskal, 1775)
Eriphia verrucosa (Forsskål, 1775)
eriphia verrucosa
warty crab as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:MIQ
ITIS:98813
LANGUAL:B3556
http://eol.org/pages/1021197
Menippe nodifrons Stimpson 1859
Menippe nodifrons Stimpson, 1859
lumpy stone crab
menippe nodifrons
cuban stone crab as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:98812
LANGUAL:B3557
http://eol.org/pages/312903
Menippe adina
Menippe adina A. B. Williams and Felder, 1986
menippe adina
gulf stone crab as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:MHZ
LANGUAL:B3558
Menippe rumphii (Fabricius, 1798)
menippe rumphii
maroon stone crab as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:ENF
LANGUAL:B3559
http://eol.org/pages/7156
Menippe frontalis A. Milne Edwards, 1879
menippe frontalis
stridulating stone crab as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1273
FAO ASFIS:CRJ
ITIS:98678
LANGUAL:B3560
http://eol.org/pages/342191
Cancer borealis
Cancer borealis Stimpson, 1859
cancer borealis
jonah crab as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:ROC
ITIS:98672
LANGUAL:B3561
http://eol.org/pages/317369
Cancer productus
Cancer productus J. W. Randall, 1840
Cancer productus Randall, 1839
cancer productus
red rock crab
pacific rock crab as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:KKM
ITIS:98684
LANGUAL:B3562
http://eol.org/pages/313334
Cancer amphioetus M. J. Rathbun, 1898
Cancer amphioetus Rathbun 1898
cancer amphioetus
japanese rock crab
bigtooth rock crab as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:ROC
ITIS:98672
LANGUAL:B3563
http://eol.org/pages/317369
Cancer productus
Cancer productus J. W. Randall, 1840
Cancer productus Randall, 1839
california red rock crab
cancer productus
red rock crab as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:KCB
LANGUAL:B3564
http://eol.org/pages/1215
Cancer bellianus Johnston 1861
cancer bellianus
toothed rock crab as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:KKJ
LANGUAL:B3565
Cancer johngarthi Carvacho, 1989
cancer johngarthi
northern lemon rock crab as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:YGT
ITIS:99047
LANGUAL:B3566
http://eol.org/pages/344572
Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes, 1850)
african matchbox crab
pachygrapsus transversus
mottled shore crab as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:660438
LANGUAL:B3567
http://eol.org/pages/1188
Cryptodromiopsis plumosa (Lewinsohn, 1984)
cryptodromiopsis plumosa
shaggy sponge crab as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1293
FAO ASFIS:KCT
ITIS:97943
LANGUAL:B3568
http://eol.org/pages/1021868
Lithodes maja (Linnaeus, 1758)
lithodes maia
lithodes maja
norway king crab
stone king crab as food source
http://langual.org
CEC:1295
FAO ASFIS:KCR
LANGUAL:B3569
Lithodes antarcticus Jacquinot 1853
Lithodes santolla Molina, 1782
lithodes antarcticus
lithodes santolla
southern king crab as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3570
http://eol.org/pages/36228
callinectes spp.
swim crab (callinectes spp.) as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1280
FAO ASFIS:CRZ
ITIS:98698
LANGUAL:B3571
http://eol.org/pages/313352
Callinectes danae (Smith, 1869)
Callinectes danae S. I. Smith, 1869
Callinectes danae Smith, 1869
callinectes danae
dana swimcrab
dana swimming crab as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:PCC
ITIS:97492
LANGUAL:B3572
http://eol.org/pages/344568
Procambarus acutus
Procambarus acutus (Girard 1852)
Procambarus acutus (Girard, 1852)
procambarus acutus
white crawfish
white river crayfish as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:RQA
ITIS:97498
LANGUAL:B3573
http://eol.org/pages/344648
Procambarus alleni (Faxon 1884)
Procambarus alleni (Faxon, 1884)
procambarus alleni
florida crayfish as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:RKT
LANGUAL:B3574
http://eol.org/pages/1219
Procambarus bivitattus Hobbs, 1942
procambarus bivitattus
ribbon crayfish as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1267
FAO ASFIS:UTT
LANGUAL:B3575
http://eol.org/pages/1233
Austropotamobius torrentium (Schrank, 1803)
Austropotamobius torrentium Schrank, 1803
austropotamobius torrentium
stone crayfish as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1266
FAO ASFIS:AUP
LANGUAL:B3576
http://eol.org/pages/1233
Austropotamobius pallipes (Lereboullet, 1858)
austropotamobius pallipes
river crayfish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1192
FAO ASFIS:NKR
ITIS:95534
LANGUAL:B3577
http://eol.org/pages/509431
Meganyctiphanes norvegica
Meganyctiphanes norvegica (M. Sars 1857)
Meganyctiphanes norvegica (M. Sars, 1857)
Meganyctiphanes norvegica (Sars, 1857)
meganyctiphanes norvegica
norwegian krill as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:KRC
ITIS:95520
LANGUAL:B3578
http://eol.org/pages/509402
Euphausia crystallorophias Holt & Tattersall, 1906
Euphausia crystallorophias Holt and Tattersall, 1906
euphausia crystallorophias
ice krill as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:KRF
ITIS:95517
LANGUAL:B3579
http://eol.org/pages/509407
Euphausia frigida Hansen, 1911
euphausia frigida
pygmy krill as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:KRV
ITIS:95515
LANGUAL:B3580
http://eol.org/pages/509430
Euphausia vallentini Stebbing, 1900
euphausia vallentini
northern krill as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:KRT
ITIS:95518
LANGUAL:B3581
http://eol.org/pages/1280
Euphausia triacantha Holt & Tattersall, 1906
Euphausia triacantha Holt and Tattersall, 1906
euphausia triacantha
spiny krill as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:UFP
ITIS:95502
LANGUAL:B3582
http://eol.org/pages/509419
Euphausia pacifica Hansen, 1911
euphausia pacifica
isada krill as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:HCW
ITIS:677531
LANGUAL:B3583
http://eol.org/pages/345041
Homarinus capensis (Herbst, 1792)
Homarus capensis (Herbst 1792)
homarus capensis
cape lobster as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1305
FAO ASFIS:NEA
ITIS:552930
LANGUAL:B3584
http://eol.org/pages/1021411
Metanephrops andamanicus (Wood-Mason, 1891)
metanephrops andamanicus
southern langoustine
andaman lobster as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1291
FAO ASFIS:SCY
ITIS:97666
LANGUAL:B3585
http://eol.org/pages/128511
Scyllarus arctus (Linnaeus, 1758)
lesser slipper lobster
scyllarus arctus
small european locust lobster as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:IBA
ITIS:553009
LANGUAL:B3586
http://eol.org/pages/7208
Ibacus alticrenatus Bate, 1888
Ibacus altricrenatus Bate, 1888
ibacus alticrenatus
ibacus altricrenatus
velvet fan lobster as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:MFU
ITIS:552931
LANGUAL:B3587
http://eol.org/pages/1038468
Metanephrops arafurensis (De Man, 1905)
metanephrops arafurensis
arafura lobster as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:MFT
ITIS:552932
LANGUAL:B3588
http://eol.org/pages/324950
Metanephrops armatus Chan & Yu, 1991
Metanephrops armatus Chan and Yu, 1991
metanephrops armatus
armoured lobster as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:MFL
ITIS:552933
LANGUAL:B3589
http://eol.org/pages/324948
Metanephrops australiensis (Bruce, 1966)
metanephrops australiensis
northwest lobster as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:MFI
ITIS:97323
LANGUAL:B3590
http://eol.org/pages/343993
Metanephrops binghami
Metanephrops binghami (Boone, 1927)
carribean lobsterette
metanephrops binghami
caribbean lobster as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:MFO
ITIS:552934
LANGUAL:B3591
http://eol.org/pages/324946
Metanephrops boschmai (Holthuis, 1964)
metanephrops boschmai
bight lobster as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:MEC
ITIS:552935
LANGUAL:B3592
http://eol.org/pages/346024
Metanephrops challengeri
Metanephrops challengeri (Balss, 1914)
Metanephrops challengeri (Blass, 1914)
metanephrops challengeri
new zealand lobster as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:MFM
ITIS:552936
LANGUAL:B3593
http://eol.org/pages/289777
Metanephrops formosanus Chan & Yu 1987
Metanephrops formosanus Chan and Yu, 1987
metanephrops formosanus
formosa lobster as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:MFJ
ITIS:552937
LANGUAL:B3594
http://eol.org/pages/999954
Metanephrops japonicus (Tapparone-Canefri, 1873)
metanephrops japonicus
japanese lobster as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:NEM
ITIS:552938
LANGUAL:B3595
http://eol.org/pages/324954
Metanephrops mozambicus Macpherson, 1990
african lobster
metanephrops mozambicus
mozambique lobster as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:MFN
ITIS:552939
LANGUAL:B3596
http://eol.org/pages/324947
Metanephrops neptunus (Bruce, 1965)
metanephrops neptunus
neptune lobster as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:MFS
ITIS:552940
LANGUAL:B3597
http://eol.org/pages/324944
Metanephrops rubellus
Metanephrops rubellus (Moreira, 1903)
metanephrops rubellus
urugayian lobster
urugavian lobster as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:MFQ
ITIS:552941
LANGUAL:B3598
http://eol.org/pages/324945
Metanephrops sagamiensis (Parisi, 1917)
metanephrops sagamiensis
okinawa sculptured lobster
sculpted lobster as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:MFK
ITIS:552942
LANGUAL:B3599
http://eol.org/pages/1038421
Metanephrops sibogae (De Man, 1916)
metanephrops sibogae
siboga lobster as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:MFD
ITIS:552943
LANGUAL:B3600
http://eol.org/pages/324949
Metanephrops sinensis (Bruce, 1966)
metanephrops sinensis
china lobster as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:MFH
ITIS:552944
LANGUAL:B3601
http://eol.org/pages/344964
Metanephrops thomsoni
Metanephrops thomsoni (Bate, 1888)
metanephrops thomsoni
red-banded lobster as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:MFV
ITIS:552945
LANGUAL:B3602
http://eol.org/pages/1038467
Metanephrops velutinus Chan & Yu 1991
Metanephrops velutinus Chan and Yu, 1991
metanephrops velutinus
velvet lobster as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1246
FAO ASFIS:LOR
ITIS:660225
LANGUAL:B3603
http://eol.org/pages/324114
Jasus edwardsii
Jasus edwardsii (Hutton, 1875)
jasus edwardsii
red rock lobster as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1247
FAO ASFIS:LOF
ITIS:552952
LANGUAL:B3604
http://eol.org/pages/317430
Jasus frontalis (H. Milne Edwards, 1837)
Jasus frontalis (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837)
Jasus frontalis (Milne Edwards, 1837)
jasus frontalis
juan fernandez rock lobster as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1249
FAO ASFIS:LBT
ITIS:552956
LANGUAL:B3605
http://eol.org/pages/343861
Jasus tristani Holthuis, 1963
jasus tristani
tristan rock lobster as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1250
FAO ASFIS:LOG
ITIS:552957
LANGUAL:B3606
http://eol.org/pages/128857
Jasus verreauxi
Jasus verreauxi (H. Milne Edwards, 1851)
Jasus verreauxi (H. Milne-Edwards, 1851)
Jasus verreauxi (Milne Edwards, 1851)
jasus verreauxi
green rock lobster as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3607
http://eol.org/pages/15300
jasus spp.
jasid spiny lobster as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:JSP
ITIS:552955
LANGUAL:B3608
http://eol.org/pages/347038
Jasus paulensis
Jasus paulensis (Heller, 1862)
jasus paulensis
st.paul rock lobster as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:JSN
LANGUAL:B3609
http://eol.org/pages/7174
Jasus novaehollandiae Holthuis 1963
jasus novaehollandiae
southern rock lobster as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3610
http://eol.org/pages/14974
panulirus spp.
panulirid spiny lobster as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1252
FAO ASFIS:SLN
ITIS:552964
LANGUAL:B3611
http://eol.org/pages/128820
Palinurus delagoae
Palinurus delagoae Barnard, 1926
palinurus delagoae
natal spiny lobster as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:NRH
ITIS:552963
LANGUAL:B3612
http://eol.org/pages/324109
Palinurus charlestoni Forest & Postel, 1964
Palinurus charlestoni Forest and Postel, 1964
palinurus charlestoni
cape verde spiny lobster as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1255
FAO ASFIS:PSL
ITIS:552966
LANGUAL:B3613
http://eol.org/pages/324107
Palinurus mauritanicus
Palinurus mauritanicus Gruvel, 1911
palinurus mauritanicus
pink spiny lobster as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1257
FAO ASFIS:LOA
ITIS:552970
LANGUAL:B3614
http://eol.org/pages/128255
Panulirus cygnus
Panulirus cygnus George, 1962
panulirus cygnus
australian spiny lobster as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LQL
ITIS:98056
LANGUAL:B3615
http://eol.org/pages/1021195
Pleuroncodes planipes
Pleuroncodes planipes Stimpson, 1860
pelagic crab
pleuroncodes planipes
pelagic red crab as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3616
branchiopods
branchiopod as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1231
FAO ASFIS:MBK
ITIS:96227
LANGUAL:B3617
http://eol.org/pages/128503
Macrobrachium carcinus
Macrobrachium carcinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
bigclaw river shrimp
macrobrachium carcinus
painted river prawn as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1225
FAO ASFIS:AES
ITIS:96971
LANGUAL:B3618
http://eol.org/pages/344445
Pandalus montagui Leach ,1814
Pandalus montagui Leach, 1814
pandalus montagui
aesop shrimp as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1242
FAO ASFIS:KNS
ITIS:96024
LANGUAL:B3619
http://eol.org/pages/7212
Haliporoides triarthrus Stebbing, 1914
Hymenopenaeus triarthrus (Stebbing, 1914)
haliporoides triarthrus
hymenopenaeus triarthrus
knife shrimp as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3620
http://eol.org/pages/7212
solenocerid shrimps
solenoceridae
solenocerid shrimp family as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1193
FAO ASFIS:ASH
ITIS:95781
LANGUAL:B3621
http://eol.org/pages/1039896
Artemesia longinaris Bate, 1888
artemesia longinaris
argentine stiletto shrimp as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1195
FAO ASFIS:SHI
ITIS:95829
LANGUAL:B3622
http://eol.org/pages/343596
Metapenaeus joyneri (Miers, 1880)
metapenaeus joyneri
shiba shrimp as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1197
FAO ASFIS:GUS
ITIS:95859
LANGUAL:B3623
http://eol.org/pages/7184
Parapenaeopsis atlantica Balss, 1914
parapenaeopsis atlantica
guinea shrimp as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1202
FAO ASFIS:YPS
ITIS:551573
LANGUAL:B3624
http://eol.org/pages/344236
Farfantepenaeus californiensis (Holmes, 1900)
Penaeus californiensis Holmes, 1900
farfantepenaeus californiensis
penaeus californiensis
yellowleg shrimp as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:EKU
ITIS:551589
LANGUAL:B3625
http://eol.org/pages/128591
Melicertus canaliculatus (Olivier, 1811)
Penaeus canaliculatus (Olivier, 1811)
melicertus canaliculatus
penaeus canaliculatus
witch prawn as food source
http://langual.org
CEC:1201
FAO ASFIS:CSP
ITIS:551572
LANGUAL:B3626
http://eol.org/pages/1021967
Farfantepenaeus brevirostris (Kingsley, 1878)
Penaeus brevirostris Kingsley 1878
Penaeus brevirostris Kingsley, 1878
penaeus brevirostris
crystal shrimp as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1203
FAO ASFIS:FLP
ITIS:551578
LANGUAL:B3627
http://eol.org/pages/344332
Fenneropenaeus chinensis
Fenneropenaeus chinensis (Osbeck, 1765)
Penaeus chinensis (Osbeck, 1765)
fenneropenaeus chinensis
penaeus chinensis
fleshy prawn as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1205
FAO ASFIS:PRB
ITIS:95625
LANGUAL:B3628
http://eol.org/pages/344525
Penaeus esculentus
Penaeus esculentus Haswell 1879
Penaeus esculentus Haswell, 1879
brown tiger shrimp
penaeus esculentus
brown tiger prawn as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1209
FAO ASFIS:PBA
ITIS:551580
LANGUAL:B3629
http://eol.org/pages/344689
Fenneropenaeus merguiensis
Fenneropenaeus merguiensis (De Man, 1888)
Penaeus merguiensis De Man, 1888
Penaeus merguiensis de Man, 1888
fenneropenaeus merguiensis
penaeus merguiensis
banana prawn as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1211
FAO ASFIS:SOP
ITIS:551575
LANGUAL:B3630
http://eol.org/pages/1033937
Farfantepenaeus notialis (Pérez Farfante, 1967)
Penaeus notialis Perez Farfante, 1967
farfantepenaeus notialis
penaeus notialis
southern pink shrimp as food source
Xiphopenaeus kroyeri was first described by Camill Heller in 1862, under the name Penaeus kroyeri. It was transferred to the genus Xiphopenaeus in 1869 by Sidney Irving Smith. X. kroyeri has been considered conspecific with the Pacific species X. riveti, but recent genetic analysis indicates that the two are separate species, and that X. kroyeri (sensu stricto) may even constitute two cryptic species.
WIKIPEDIA:Xiphopenaeus_kroyeri
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:TIT
LANGUAL:B3631
http://eol.org/pages/7184
Xiphopenaeus riveti Bouvier 1907
xiphopenaeus kroyeri
xiphopenaeus riveti
pacific seabob as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1244
FAO ASFIS:RRS
ITIS:95966
LANGUAL:B3632
http://eol.org/pages/317682
Pleoticus robustus
Pleoticus robustus (S. I. Smith, 1885)
Pleoticus robustus (Smith, 1885)
pleoticus robustus
royal red shrimp as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1245
FAO ASFIS:SKM
ITIS:96005
LANGUAL:B3633
http://eol.org/pages/347713
Solenocera membranacea (Risso, 1816)
Solenocera membranacea Risso, 1816
solenocera membranacea
atlantic mud shrimp as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1390
FAO ASFIS:CLR
ITIS:81022
LANGUAL:B3634
http://eol.org/pages/448700
Ensis directus
Ensis directus (Conrad, 1843)
Ensis directus Conrad, 1843
atlantic jackknife clam
ensis directus
atlantic jackknife as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:EKK
ITIS:81499
LANGUAL:B3635
http://eol.org/pages/448968
Mercenaria campechiensis
Mercenaria campechiensis (Gmelin, 1791)
gulf quahog
hard clam
mercenaria campechiensis
southern quahog as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:TCL
ITIS:81472
LANGUAL:B3636
http://eol.org/pages/493294
Protothaca thaca
Protothaca thaca (Molina, 1782)
hardshell
protothaca thaca
quahog
hardshell clam as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:GQF
ITIS:97114
LANGUAL:B3637
http://eol.org/pages/1021223
Crangon franciscorum
Crangon franciscorum Stimpson, 1856
california shrimp
crangon franciscorum
california bay shrimp as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1391
FAO ASFIS:EQE
ITIS:81024
LANGUAL:B3638
http://eol.org/pages/448704
Ensis ensis
Ensis ensis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Ensis ensis Linnaeus, 1758
ensis ensis
pod razor as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:KID
ITIS:81559
LANGUAL:B3639
http://eol.org/pages/2310
Chione undatella
Chione undatella (G. B. Sowerby I, 1835)
Chione undatella (Sowerby, 1835)
chione undatella
frilled venus as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:567356
LANGUAL:B3640
http://eol.org/pages/592405
Chionista fluctifraga
Chionista fluctifraga (G. B. Sowerby II, 1853)
chionista fluctifraga
smooth venus as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:KSN
ITIS:81579
LANGUAL:B3641
http://eol.org/pages/440077
Macrocallista nimbosa
Macrocallista nimbosa (Lightfoot, 1786)
macrocallista nimbosa
sunray venus as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:KIK
ITIS:81537
LANGUAL:B3642
http://eol.org/pages/2310
Chione californiensis
Chione californiensis (Broderip, 1835)
chione californiensis
california venus as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:KNU
LANGUAL:B3643
http://eol.org/pages/2310
Austrovenus stutchburyi
Chione stutchburyi (Wood 1828)
austrovenus stutchburyi
new zealand cockle as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:GCJ
LANGUAL:B3644
Glycymeris pilosa
Glycymeris pilosa (Linnaeus 1767)
glycymeris pilosa
pilose bittersweet
dock cockle as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1368
FAO ASFIS:GKL
ITIS:79429
LANGUAL:B3645
http://eol.org/pages/449946
Glycymeris glycymeris
Glycymeris glycymeris (Linnaeus, 1758)
Glycymeris glycymeris (Linnaeus, 1767)
common european bittersweet
dog cockle
glycymeris glycymeris
pectunculus glycymeris
european bittersweet as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
LANGUAL:B3646
Glycymeris violacescens
glycymeris violacescens
purple bittersweet
violet bittersweet as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1373
FAO ASFIS:COC
ITIS:80901
LANGUAL:B3647
http://eol.org/pages/395985
Cerastoderma edule
Cerastoderma edule (Linnaeus, 1758)
cerastoderma edule
common cockle as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:KTS
LANGUAL:B3648
Acanthocardia spinosa (Solander 1786)
Cardium tuberculatum
acanthocardia spinosa
cardium tuberculatum
knotted cockle as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:80876
LANGUAL:B3649
http://eol.org/pages/449114
Clinocardium californiense
Clinocardium californiense (Deshayes, 1839)
clinocardium californiense
california cockle as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:DKR
ITIS:80913
LANGUAL:B3650
http://eol.org/pages/449039
Dinocardium robustum
Dinocardium robustum (Lightfoot, 1786)
dinocardium robustum
giant atlantic cockle
atlantic giant cockle as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:80879
LANGUAL:B3651
http://eol.org/pages/449116
Serripes groenlandicus
Serripes groenlandicus (Mohr, 1786)
greenland smoothcockle
serripes groenlandicus
greenland cockle as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:KCL
ITIS:80873
LANGUAL:B3652
http://eol.org/pages/449112
Clinocardium nuttallii
Clinocardium nuttallii (Conrad 1837)
Clinocardium nuttallii (Conrad, 1837)
basket cockle
clinocardium nuttallii
heart cockle
nuttall cockle as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1358
FAO ASFIS:MYC
LANGUAL:B3653
http://eol.org/pages/2235
Mytilus chilensis (Hupé, 1854)
Mytilus chilensis Hupe, 1854
mytilus chilensis
chilean blue mussel as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1359
LANGUAL:B3654
http://eol.org/pages/2235
Mytilus crassitesta
mytilus crassitesta
korean mussel as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1361
FAO ASFIS:MSM
ITIS:79456
LANGUAL:B3655
http://eol.org/pages/449961
Mytilus galloprovincialis
Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819
mytilus galloprovincialis
mediterranean mussel as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1362
FAO ASFIS:MYA
LANGUAL:B3656
http://eol.org/pages/2235
Mytilus planulatus
Mytilus planulatus Lamarck, 1819
mytilus planulatus
australian mussel as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1363
FAO ASFIS:MSR
LANGUAL:B3657
http://eol.org/pages/2235
Mytilus platensis Orbigny, 1846
Mytilus platensis dOrbigny 1846
mytilus platensis
river plata mussel as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1364
LANGUAL:B3658
http://eol.org/pages/2235
Mytilus smaragdinus
mytilus smaragdinus
green mussel as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:YUS
ITIS:567928
LANGUAL:B3659
http://eol.org/pages/578868
Mytilus trossulus Gould, 1850
foolish mussel
mytilus trossulus
northern blue mussel as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:YUD
LANGUAL:B3660
http://eol.org/pages/2235
Mytilus desolationis Lamy 1936
mytilus desolationis
kerguelen mussel as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:77905
LANGUAL:B3661
http://eol.org/pages/449904
Helix aperta Born, 1778
helix aperta
green gardensnail as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:77906
LANGUAL:B3662
http://eol.org/pages/449907
Helix aspersa Muller, 1774
helix aspersa
brown gardensnail as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:77907
LANGUAL:B3663
http://eol.org/pages/449906
Helix pomatia
Helix pomatia Linnaeus, 1758
helix pomatia
escargot as food source
WIKIPEDIA:Helix_lucorum
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3664
http://eol.org/pages/2640
helix lucorum
turkish snail as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:72556
LANGUAL:B3665
http://eol.org/pages/455232
Strombus alatus
Strombus alatus Gmelin, 1791
strombus alatus
florida fighting conch as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:74187
LANGUAL:B3666
http://eol.org/pages/403425
Pleuroploca gigantea
Pleuroploca gigantea (Kiener, 1840)
pleuroploca gigantea
horse conch as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:MBQ
ITIS:72557
LANGUAL:B3667
http://eol.org/pages/455239
Strombus costatus
Strombus costatus Gmelin, 1791
strombus costatus
milk conch as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:COO
ITIS:72558
LANGUAL:B3668
http://eol.org/pages/455238
Strombus gigas
Strombus gigas Linnaeus, 1758
strombus gigas
queen conch as food source
WIKIPEDIA:Lambis_lambis
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:BQA
LANGUAL:B3669
Lambis lambis
Lambis lambis (Linnaeus, 1758)
common spider conch
lambis lambis
spider conch as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:RXU
ITIS:72560
LANGUAL:B3670
http://eol.org/pages/480624
Strombus pugilis
Strombus pugilis Linnaeus, 1758
strombus pugilis
west indian fighting conch as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1335
FAO ASFIS:OCH
LANGUAL:B3671
http://eol.org/pages/2248
Ostrea chilensis Philippi 1845
Ostrea chilensis Philippi, 1847
ostrea chilensis
chilean flat oyster as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1337
FAO ASFIS:OYF
ITIS:79885
LANGUAL:B3672
http://eol.org/pages/449502
Ostrea edulis
Ostrea edulis Linnaeus, 1758
edible oyster
european flat oyster
ostrea edulis
european oyster as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1332
FAO ASFIS:OYM
ITIS:79881
LANGUAL:B3673
http://eol.org/pages/449549
Crassostrea rhizophorae (Guilding, 1828)
Crassostrea rhizophorae Guilding
crassostrea rhizophorae
pacific cupped oyster
mangrove cupped oyster as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1341
FAO ASFIS:CSC
ITIS:79893
LANGUAL:B3674
http://eol.org/pages/449497
Saccostrea cuccullata
Saccostrea cuccullata (Born, 1778)
crassostrea commercialis
saccostrea cuccullata
sydney cupped oyster as food source
http://langual.org
CEC:1336
FAO ASFIS:ODE
LANGUAL:B3675
http://eol.org/pages/2248
Ostrea denticulata Born 1778
Ostrea denticulata Born, 1778
ostrea denticulata
denticulate rock oyster as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:79869
LANGUAL:B3676
http://eol.org/pages/2248
Crassostrea gigas kumamoto
crassostrea gigas kumamoto
kumamoto oyster as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3677
http://eol.org/pages/2266
pinnidae
penshell as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1401
FAO ASFIS:CTC
ITIS:82363
LANGUAL:B3678
http://eol.org/pages/448836
Sepia officinalis Linnaeus, 1758
sepia officinalis
common cuttlefish as food source
http://langual.org
CEC:1417
FAO ASFIS:EDT
ITIS:556275
LANGUAL:B3679
http://eol.org/pages/491494
Eledone moschata (Lamarck 1798)
Eledone moschata (Lamarck, 1798)
eledone moschata
white octopus as food source
http://langual.org
CEC:1421
FAO ASFIS:OCC
ITIS:82603
LANGUAL:B3680
http://eol.org/pages/492280
Octopus vulgaris Cuvier 1797
Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797
octopus vulgaris
common octopus as food source
http://langual.org
CEC:1416
FAO ASFIS:EOI
ITIS:82646
LANGUAL:B3681
http://eol.org/pages/492409
Eledone cirrhosa (Lamarck, 1798)
Eledone cirrosa (Lamarck 1798)
Eledone cirrosa (Lamarck, 1798)
eledone cirrhosa
eledone cirrosa
horned octopus
curled octopus as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1404
FAO ASFIS:OUM
ITIS:556291
LANGUAL:B3682
http://eol.org/pages/591526
Alloteuthis media (Linnaeus, 1758)
Loligo media
Loligo media (Linnaeus, 1758)
alloteuthis media
loligo media
little squid as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1406
FAO ASFIS:SQL
ITIS:82372
LANGUAL:B3683
http://eol.org/pages/448839
Loligo pealei Lesueur, 1821
Loligo pealeii
Loligo pealeii Lesueur 1821
Loligo pealeii Lesueur, 1821
loligo pealei
longfin inshore squid
long-fin squid as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3684
http://eol.org/pages/5092
pangasiidae
giant catfishes as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:PGS
ITIS:639954
LANGUAL:B3685
http://eol.org/pages/570181
Pangasius hypophthalmus
Pangasius hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878)
pangasius hypophthalmus
striped catfish
sutchi catfish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:PNG
ITIS:681698
LANGUAL:B3686
http://eol.org/pages/848907
Pangasius gigas
Pangasius gigas (Chevey, 1931)
giant catfish
pangasius gigas
mekong giant catfish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:PGJ
ITIS:681703
LANGUAL:B3687
http://eol.org/pages/220771
Pangasius larnaudii
Pangasius larnaudii Bocourt, 1866
pangasius larnaudii
spot pangasius as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:PGK
ITIS:681708
LANGUAL:B3688
http://eol.org/pages/206980
Pangasius micronemus
Pangasius micronemus Bleeker, 1847
pangasius micronemus
shortbarbel pangasius as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:PGP
ITIS:681712
LANGUAL:B3689
http://eol.org/pages/205253
Pangasius pangasius
Pangasius pangasius (Hamilton, 1822)
pangasius pangasius
yellowtail catfish
pangas catfish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:PNW
ITIS:201966
LANGUAL:B3690
http://eol.org/pages/212455
Pangasius sanitwongsei
Pangasius sanitwongsei Smith, 1931
pangasius sanitwongsei
giant pangasius as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1407
FAO ASFIS:CHO
LANGUAL:B3691
http://eol.org/pages/2351
Loligo reynaudi Orbigny, 1845
Loligo reynaudi dOrbigny 1845
chokker squid
loligo reynaudi
cape hope squid as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1408
FAO ASFIS:SQR
ITIS:82375
LANGUAL:B3692
http://eol.org/pages/451497
Loligo vulgaris
Loligo vulgaris Lamarck 1798
Loligo vulgaris Lamarck, 1798
loligo vulgaris
common squid as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3693
http://eol.org/pages/2357
flying squids
ommastrephidae
shortfin squids
flying squid as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1410
FAO ASFIS:SQA
ITIS:556070
LANGUAL:B3694
http://eol.org/pages/591440
Illex argentinus
Illex argentinus (Castellanos, 1960)
illex argentinus
argentine shortfin squid as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SQM
ITIS:82523
LANGUAL:B3695
http://eol.org/pages/451353
Illex coindetii
Illex coindetii (Verany, 1839)
broadtail shortfin squid
illex coindetii
southern shortfin squid as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1412
FAO ASFIS:SQI
ITIS:82521
LANGUAL:B3696
http://eol.org/pages/451352
Illex illecebrosus
Illex illecebrosus (Lesueur, 1821)
illex illecebrosus
northern shortfin squid as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:IXO
ITIS:82524
LANGUAL:B3697
http://eol.org/pages/451354
Illex oxygonius Roper, Lu & Mangold 1969
Illex oxygonius Roper, Lu and Mangold, 1969
illex oxygonius
sharptail shortfin squid as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1413
FAO ASFIS:TSQ
ITIS:556164
LANGUAL:B3698
http://eol.org/pages/591402
Nototodarus sloani (Gray, 1849)
Nototodarus sloanii
Nototodarus sloanii (Gray, 1849)
arrow squid
nototodarus sloani
wellington flying squid as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SQG
ITIS:555983
LANGUAL:B3699
http://eol.org/pages/399986
Todarodes angolensis
Todarodes angolensis Adam, 1962
todarodes angolensis
angolan flying squid as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:TFP
ITIS:555986
LANGUAL:B3700
http://eol.org/pages/491913
Todarodes filippovae Adam 1975
Todarodes filippovae Adam, 1975
todarodes filippovae
antarctic flying squid as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1414
FAO ASFIS:SQJ
ITIS:557230
LANGUAL:B3701
http://eol.org/pages/590939
Todarodes pacificus (Steenstrup, 1880)
todarodes pacificus
japanese flying squid as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1415
FAO ASFIS:SQE
ITIS:205726
LANGUAL:B3702
http://eol.org/pages/586266
Todarodes sagittatus
Todarodes sagittatus (Lamarck, 1798)
Todarodes sagittatus sagittatus (Lamarck, 1798)
ommastrephes sagittatus
red squid
sea squid
todarodes sagittatus
european flying squid as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:TDQ
ITIS:205728
LANGUAL:B3703
http://eol.org/pages/586269
Todaropsis eblanae (Ball 1841)
Todaropsis eblanae (Ball, 1841)
todaropsis eblanae
lesser flying squid as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:NDG
ITIS:556308
LANGUAL:B3704
http://eol.org/pages/491462
Nototodarus gouldi (McCoy 1888)
Nototodarus gouldi (McCoy, 1888)
nototodarus gouldi
gould's flying squid as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3705
http://eol.org/pages/2379
fissurellidae
keyhole limpets
keyhole limpet as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:409749
LANGUAL:B3706
Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman ex A. W. Hill var. neapolitanum Danert
broadleaved parsley
petrosellinum crispum var. neapolitanum
italian parsley plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:411921
LANGUAL:B3707
MANSFELD:1246
Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nym.
Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman ex A. W. Hill var. crispum
curly parsley
double-curled parsley
garden parley plant as food source
*Silene vulgaris* or Bladder Campion is a plant species of the genus *Silene*. The young shoots are edible, but saponin gives them a bitter flavor.
WIKIPEDIA:Silene_vulgaris
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13111
GRIN:105074
ITIS:20142
LANGUAL:B3708
PLANTS:SIVU
http://eol.org/pages/581986
Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke
bladder silene
cowbell
maiden's tears
maiden's-tears
maidenstears
rattleweed
silene vulgaris
bladder campion plant as food source
Papaver rhoeas is a species of flowering plant in the family Papaveraceae. It has a variety of common names, including the Corn Poppy, Field Poppy, Flanders Poppy, or Red Poppy, one of the many species and genera named poppy. The four petals are vivid red, most commonly with a black spot at their base. Its seed is a moderately useful commodity, used in bread dough, for example, and to decorate bread. The red petals are used to make syrups and alcoholic/non-alcoholic drinks. Red poppy syrup is a traditional beverage of Mediterranean regions. [Wikipedia]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11623
GRIN:26703
ITIS:18893
LANGUAL:B3709
PLANTS:PARH2
http://eol.org/pages/596241
Papaver rhoeas L.
common poppy
coquelicot
field poppy
flanders poppy
papaver rhoeas
shirley poppy
corn poppy plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11624
GRIN:406377
ITIS:18894
LANGUAL:B3710
PLANTS:PASO2
http://eol.org/pages/594796
Papaver somniferum L.
papaver somniferum
opium poppy plant as food source
*Tordylium apulum*, commonly known as the Mediterranean Hartwort, is an annual forb or herb. It is classified within the family *Apiaceae*, the carrot family. It is located in a range from Europe to west Asia, but was introduced to the United States. It is now found only in Arizona. The hartwort does have edible leaves. In Italy it is used as a condiment.
WIKIPEDIA:Tordylium_apulum
http://langual.org
GRIN:36756
ITIS:505532
LANGUAL:B3711
http://eol.org/pages/485022
Tordylium apulum L.
Tordylium maximum L.
tordylium apulum
tordylium maximum
hartwort plant as food source
*Plantago* is a genus of about 200 species of small, inconspicuous plants commonly called plantains. *Plantago* species have been used since prehistoric times as herbal remedies. The herb is astringent, anti-toxic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-histamine, as well as demulcent, expectorant, styptic and diuretic. Externally, a poultice of the leaves is useful for insect bites, poison-ivy rashes, minor sores, and boils. In folklore it is even claimed to be able to cure snakebite. Internally, it is used for coughs and bronchitis, as a tea, tincture, or syrup. The broad-leaved varieties are sometimes used as a leaf vegetable for salads, green sauce, et cetera. Plantain seed husks expand and become mucilaginous when wet, especially those of *Plantago psyllium*, which is used in common over-the-counter bulk laxative and fiber supplement products. []
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12024
GRIN:317089
LANGUAL:B3712
PLANTS:PLANT
http://eol.org/pages/4354
Plantago
Plantago L.
Plantago sp.
indianwheat
plantago spp.
plantain plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:316475
ITIS:32908
LANGUAL:B3713
http://eol.org/pages/579236
Plantago afra L.
Plantago psyllium L.
plantago afra
plantago psyllium
psyllium
african plantain plant as food source
PlantLife [http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uk/assets/saving-species/saving-species-dossier/Scandix_pecten-veneris_dossier.pdf]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12893
GRIN:70632
ITIS:29865
LANGUAL:B3714
PLANTS:SCPE
http://eol.org/pages/581457
Scandix pecten-veneris L.
scandix pecten-veneris
shepherdsneedle
venus'-comb
shepherd's needle plant as food source
Sow thistles have been used as fodder, particularly for rabbits, hence the other common names of "hare thistle" or "hare lettuce". They are also edible to humans as a leaf vegetable; old leaves and stalks can be bitter but young leaves have a flavour similar to lettuce. Going by the name puha or rareke (raraki) it is frequently eaten in New Zealand as a vegetable, particularly by the native Maori. When cooked it tastes a little similar to chard. [Wikipedia]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13194
GRIN:34939
ITIS:38427
LANGUAL:B3715
PLANTS:SOOL
http://eol.org/pages/492350
Sonchus oleraceus L.
annual sow thistle
common sow thistle
common sowthistle
hare's lettuce
sonchus oleraceus
sow thistle
annual sowthistle plant as food source
Allium ampeloprasum is a member of the onion genus Allium, in the family Alliaceae (Liliaceae). The wild plant is commonly known as (Broadleaf) Wild Leek - not to be confused with the N. American Allium tricoccum of the same name. Its native range is S. Europe to W. Asia. It has been differentiated into three cultivated vegetables, namely leek, elephant garlic and kurrat.. [Wikipedia]
http://langual.org
GRIN:400394
ITIS:185435
ITIS:185436
ITIS:42708
LANGUAL:B3716
http://eol.org/pages/8790855
Allium ampeloprasum L.
Allium ampeloprasum L. var. ampeloprasum
Allium ampeloprasum var. ampeloprasum L.
Allium ampeloprasum var. atroviolaceum (Boiss.) Regel
allium ampeloprasum
allium ampeloprasum var. ampeloprasum
allium ampeloprasum var. atroviolaceum
broadleaf wild leek
great-headed garlic
broadleaf wild leek plant as food source
The sea beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima) is a member of the family Chenopodiaceae, and is the wild ancestor of common vegetables such as beetroot, sugar beet, and Swiss chard. Its leaves have a pleasant texture and taste when served raw or cooked.
WIKIPEDIA:Sea_beet
http://langual.org
GRIN:103151
ITIS:20681
LANGUAL:B3717
http://eol.org/pages/585884
Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima (L.) Arcang.
Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima (L.) Arcang.
beta vulgaris
beta vulgaris subsp. maritima
sea beet plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3718
http://eol.org/pages/4267
vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus
northern mountain cranberry plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:400138
ITIS:27170
LANGUAL:B3719
MANSFELD:4856
http://eol.org/pages/582969
Trapa natans L.
Trapa natans L. var. natans
caltrop
trapa natans
waternut
waterchestnut plant as food source
Rapini (also known as Broccoli Rabe (or Raap or Raab), Broccoletti, Broccoli di Rape, Cime di Rapa, Rape, Rappi, Friarielli (in Naples) is a common vegetable in the cuisines of southern Italy (in particular Basilicata, Puglia, and Sicily), Galicia (northwestern Spain), Portugal, the Netherlands and China. The plant is a member of the tribe *Brassiceae* of the *Brassicaceae* (mustard family). Rapini is classified scientifically as *Brassica rapa* subspecies *rapa*, in the same subspecies as the turnip, but has also been treated as *Brassica rapa ruvo*, *Brassica rapa rapifera*, *Brassica ruvo*, and *Brassica campestris ruvo*.
WIKIPEDIA:Brassica_ruvo
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8126
GRIN:100916
ITIS:506216
LANGUAL:B3720
PLANTS:BRRU4
http://eol.org/pages/483604
Brassica ruvo L. H. Bailey
Brassica ruvo L.H. Bailey
Brassica ruvo L.H.Bailey
brassica raab
brassica rabe
brassica ruvo
broccoletti
broccoli di rape
friarielli
italian turnip broccoli
nabana
rape
rapini
rappi
saishin
ruvo kale plant as food source
Sweet onion is a variety of onion that is not pungent. There are several varieties of sweet onion. The term sweet onion comes from the perceived sweetness of the onion compared to other varieties. This perceived sweetness is derived from a low sulfur content and and high water content when compared to other onion varieties.
WIKIPEDIA:Sweet_onion
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7309
GRIN:2244
ITIS:42720
LANGUAL:B3721
PLANTS:ALCE
http://eol.org/pages/1084354
Allium cepa L.
white onion
sweet onion plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:311784
LANGUAL:B3722
Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum
capsicum annuum var. annuum
banana pepper plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:410680
ITIS:27285
LANGUAL:B3725
PLANTS:CHANA2
http://eol.org/pages/479009
Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub
Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub ssp. angustifolium
Epilobium angustifolium ssp. angustifolium L.
chamerion angustifolium
chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium
epilobium angustifolium
epilobium angustifolium ssp. angustifolium
fireweed plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:319648
LANGUAL:B3727
MANSFELD:23939
Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera (DC.) Metzg.
canola
field mustard
polish canola
turnip-rape
winter turnip rape plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:409366
LANGUAL:B3728
MANSFELD:1235
Apium graveolens var. secalinum (Alef.) Mansf.
Apium graveolens var. secalinum Alef.
apium graveolens var. secalinum
chinese cellery
leaf celery plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:102051
ITIS:182185
LANGUAL:B3729
MANSFELD:1236
PLANTS:APGRD
http://eol.org/pages/1245043
Apium graveolens L. var. dulce (Mill.) DC.
Apium graveolens var. dulce (Mill.) Pers.
Apium graveolens var. dulce (P. Mill.) DC.
apium graveolens var. dulce
stalk celery plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:6398
LANGUAL:B3730
MANSFELD:19198
Bambusa oldhamii Munro
bambusa oldhamii
giant timber bamboo
oldham's bamboo plant as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:506663
LANGUAL:B3731
MANSFELD:19296
PLANTS:DEAS
http://eol.org/pages/1115595
Dendrocalamus asper (Schult. & Schult.f.) Backer ex Heyne
Dendrocalamus asper (Schult. f.) Backer ex Heyne
dendrocalamus asper
giant bamboo plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:13523
ITIS:556521
LANGUAL:B3732
MANSFELD:19310
PLANTS:SILA23
http://eol.org/pages/490702
Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro
Sinocalamus latiflorus (Munro) McClure
dendrocalamus latiflorus
ma bamboo
sinocalamus latifloru
sweet bamboo
sweet giant bamboo
wideleaf bamboo
taiwan giant bamboo plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:403384
LANGUAL:B3733
MANSFELD:19259
http://eol.org/pages/8223
Gigantochloa albociliata (Munro) Kurz
gigantochloa albociliata
white-fringe gigantochloa plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:17528
LANGUAL:B3734
MANSFELD:19275
http://eol.org/pages/8223
Gigantochloa levis (Blanco) Merr.
Gigantochloa levis (Blanco) Merrill
gigantochloa levis
smooth giant grass
smooth-shoot gigantochloa
poring bamboo plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:28158
ITIS:565400
LANGUAL:B3735
MANSFELD:19092
http://eol.org/pages/1115855
Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) Houz.
Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) Lehaie
Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J. Houz.
moso bamboo
phyllostachys edulis
pubescent bamboo
tortoise shell bamboo plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:36634
LANGUAL:B3736
http://eol.org/pages/8223
Thyrsostachys siamensis Gamble
monastery bamboo
thyrsostachys siamensis
umbrella-handle bamboo
thailand bamboo plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:316651
ITIS:502098
LANGUAL:B3737
MANSFELD:23755
PLANTS:DITE4
http://eol.org/pages/487913
Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC.
lincoln's-weed
sand mustard
sand rocket
wall rocket
perennial wallrocket plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10082
GRIN:17915
ITIS:506096
LANGUAL:B3738
MANSFELD:13708
http://eol.org/pages/483662
Gossypium herbaceum L.
arabian cotton
gossypium herbaceum
maltese cotton
short-staple cotton
syrian cotton
levant cotton plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10083
GRIN:17917
ITIS:21711
LANGUAL:B3739
MANSFELD:13760
PLANTS:GOHI
http://eol.org/pages/584705
Gossypium hirsutum L.
american cotton
american upland cotton
bourbon cotton
cotton
gossypium hirsutum
upland cotton plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:101304
LANGUAL:B3740
MANSFELD:5835
http://eol.org/pages/4437
Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. andigenum (Juz. & Bukasov) Hawkes
Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena (Juz. & Buk.) Hawkes
solanum tuberosum l. subsp. andigenum
andean potato plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13736
GRIN:40981
ITIS:23579
LANGUAL:B3741
MANSFELD:18251
PLANTS:VAAN
http://eol.org/pages/583661
Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.
Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton
sugar berry
sweet lowbush blueberry
vaccinium angustifolium
lowbush blueberry plant
A plum tomato, also known as a processing tomato or paste tomato, is a type of tomato bred for sauce and packing purposes. Varieties commonly available in markets include Roma VF and San Marzano (semi-determinate; a signature tomato of Italian cuisine), though there are many other varieties, such as the short-season Ropreco Paste and the larger Amish Paste and Big Mama. Five hybrid cultivars grown in California constitute over 60% of total production of processing tomatoes. Small plum tomatoes (similar in size to cherry tomatoes) are known as grape tomatoes.
WIKIPEDIA:Plum_tomato
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3742
paste tomato
processing tomato
plum tomato plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10985
GRIN:101442
ITIS:521671
ITIS:529044
LANGUAL:B3745
PLANTS:SOLY2
http://eol.org/pages/392557
Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.
Lycopersicon esculentum var. esculentum P. Mill.
Solanum lycopersicum L.
lycopersicon esculentum
cocktail tomato plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3746
frillice lettuce plant as food source
Mizuna (Japanese: 'water greens'), also called Xiu Cai, Kyona, Japanese Mustard, Potherb Mustard, Japanese Greens, California Peppergrass, Spider Mustard, etc., is a Japanese name used primarily for cultivated varieties of Brassica rapa nipposinica but also for Brassica juncea var. japonica.
WIKIPEDIA:Mizuna
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8120
GRIN:319651
ITIS:23063
LANGUAL:B3747
PLANTS:BRRA
http://eol.org/pages/583898
Brassica rapa L.
Brassica rapa L. subsp. nipposinica (L.H.Bailey) Hanelt
Brassica rapa subsp. nipposinica (L. H. Bailey) Hanelt
brassica juncea var. japonica
brassica rapa nipposinica
california peppergrass
japanese greens
kyona
mizuna
potherb mustatd
spider mustard
water greens
xiu cai
japanese mustard plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7309
GRIN:2244
ITIS:42720
LANGUAL:B3748
PLANTS:ALCE
http://eol.org/pages/1084354
Allium cepa L.
red onion plant as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:ATG
ITIS:164704
LANGUAL:B3789
http://eol.org/pages/223486
Arctogadus glacialis
Arctogadus glacialis (Peters, 1872)
arctogadus glacialis
arctic cod as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1480
FAO ASFIS:AGM
ITIS:551771
LANGUAL:B3799
http://eol.org/pages/796029
Alligator mississippiensis
Alligator mississippiensis (Daudin, 1801)
Alligator mississippiensis (Daudin, 1803)
Alligator mississippiensis Daudin, 1802
alligator mississippiensis
gator
american alligator as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:GTW
ITIS:202209
LANGUAL:B3800
http://eol.org/pages/796028
Alligator sinensis
Alligator sinensis Fauvel, 1879
alligator sinensis
chinese alligator as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:YUU
ITIS:174361
LANGUAL:B3801
http://eol.org/pages/1056415
Crocodylus acutus (Cuvier, 1807)
Crocodylus acutus Cuvier, 1807
central-american alligator
crocodylus acutus
american crocodile as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1484
FAO ASFIS:CNG
ITIS:174363
LANGUAL:B3802
http://eol.org/pages/795276
Crocodylus novaeguineae (Schmidt, 1928)
Crocodylus novaeguineae Schmidt, 1928
crocodylus novaeguineae
new guinea crocodile as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1485
FAO ASFIS:CDP
ITIS:174364
LANGUAL:B3803
http://eol.org/pages/454963
Crocodylus porosus (Schneider, 1801)
Crocodylus porosus Schneider 1801
Crocodylus porosus Schneider, 1801
crocodylus porosus
estuarine crocodile as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:CRI
ITIS:202200
LANGUAL:B3804
http://eol.org/pages/795278
Crocodylus niloticus Laurenti, 1768
crocodylus niloticus
nile crocodile as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1486
FAO ASFIS:CDS
ITIS:202202
LANGUAL:B3805
http://eol.org/pages/795275
Crocodylus siamensis (Schneider, 1801)
Crocodylus siamensis Schneider, 1801
crocodylus siamensis
siamese crocodile as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:173930
LANGUAL:B3806
http://eol.org/pages/793235
Iguana iguana (Linnaeus, 1758)
common green iguana
iguana iguana
green iguana as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3807
Salmoninae
salmoninae
salmonins as food source
*Esociformes* are a small order of ray-finned fish, with two families, the *Umbridae* (mudminnows) and the *Esocidae* (pikes). The pikes of genus *Esox* give the order its name.
WIKIPEDIA:Esociformes
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3808
Esociformes
esciformes
fish, esociform as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3809
Osmeriformes
osmeriformes
fish, osmeriform as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3810
http://eol.org/pages/5484
phractolaemidae
african mudfish family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:APG
ITIS:161073
LANGUAL:B3811
http://eol.org/pages/356566
Acipenser gueldenstaedtii
Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Brandt & Ratzeberg 1833
Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Brandt and Ratzeburg, 1833
acipenser gueldenstaedti
acipenser güldenstädti
danube sturgeon
russian sturgeoun as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:APU
ITIS:161072
LANGUAL:B3812
http://eol.org/pages/206890
Acipenser sturio
Acipenser sturio Linnaeus, 1758
acipenser sturio
common sturgeon
sturgeon
european sturgeon as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:APE
ITIS:161078
LANGUAL:B3813
http://eol.org/pages/206889
Acipenser stellatus
Acipenser stellatus Pallas, 1771
acipenser stellatus
starry surgeon
sevruga as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:APR
ITIS:161079
LANGUAL:B3814
http://eol.org/pages/211359
Acipenser ruthenus
Acipenser ruthenus Linnaeus, 1758
acipenser ruthenus
siberian sterlet
sterlet as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:AAN
ITIS:161077
LANGUAL:B3815
http://eol.org/pages/206888
Acipenser nudiventris
Acipenser nudiventris Lovetsky, 1828
Acipenser nudiventris Lovetzky, 1828
acipenser nudiventris
ship
fringe-barbel sturgeon as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:131
FAO ASFIS:AAA
ITIS:161076
LANGUAL:B3816
http://eol.org/pages/206887
Acipenser naccarii
Acipenser naccarii Bonaparte 1836
Acipenser naccarii Bonaparte, 1830
Acipenser naccarii Bonaparte, 1836
acipenser naccarii
adriatic sturgeon as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:400
FAO ASFIS:DPC
ITIS:161296
LANGUAL:B3817
http://eol.org/pages/205526
Muraenesox cinereus (Forsskål, 1775)
muraenesox cinereus
sharp-toothed eel
daggertooth pike-conger as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3818
muraenesocidae
pike-conger family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3819
http://eol.org/pages/8276
atherinopsidae
new world silversides
neotropical silverside family as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:541
FAO ASFIS:ATB
ITIS:166024
LANGUAL:B3820
http://eol.org/pages/206981
Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810
atherina boyeri
capsian sandsmelt
small sandsmelt
boyer's sandsmelt as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:542
FAO ASFIS:AHH
ITIS:166023
LANGUAL:B3821
http://eol.org/pages/206989
Atherina hepsetus Linnaeus, 1758
atherina hepsetus
mediterranean sandsmelt
sand-smelt
silverside
smelt as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:543
FAO ASFIS:ATP
ITIS:166025
LANGUAL:B3822
http://eol.org/pages/340190
Atherina presbyter Cuvier, 1829
atherina presbyter
sandsmelt as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:545
FAO ASFIS:SSA
ITIS:165994
LANGUAL:B3823
http://eol.org/pages/205984
Menidia menidia
Menidia menidia (Linnaeus, 1766)
menidia menidia
atlantic silverside as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3824
http://eol.org/pages/8265
aulopidae
flagfin family as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:383
FAO ASFIS:ULF
ITIS:644695
LANGUAL:B3825
http://eol.org/pages/211393
Aulopus filamentosus (Bloch, 1792)
aulopus filamentosus
mediterranean flagfin as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:LIG
ITIS:162414
LANGUAL:B3826
http://eol.org/pages/215089
Saurida tumbil (Bloch, 1795)
saurida tumbil
greater lizardfish as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:385
FAO ASFIS:LIB
ITIS:162417
LANGUAL:B3827
http://eol.org/pages/993261
Saurida undosquamis (Richardson, 1848)
large-scale lizardfish
saurida undosquamis
brushtooth lizardfish as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:387
FAO ASFIS:SDR
ITIS:162380
LANGUAL:B3828
http://eol.org/pages/212055
Synodus saurus (Linnaeus, 1758)
lizardfish
synodus saurus
atlantic lizardfish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:512
FAO ASFIS:BXD
ITIS:166155
LANGUAL:B3829
http://eol.org/pages/211204
Beryx decadactylus
Beryx decadactylus Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829
Beryx decadactylus Cuvier, 1829
alfonsino
beryx decadactylus
red bream as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:206
FAO ASFIS:ENP
ITIS:161838
LANGUAL:B3830
http://eol.org/pages/339468
Anchoa hepsetus
Anchoa hepsetus (Linnaeus, 1758)
anchoa hepsetus
broad-striped anchovy
striped anchovy as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:207
FAO ASFIS:ANB
ITIS:161839
LANGUAL:B3831
http://eol.org/pages/223306
Anchoa mitchilli
Anchoa mitchilli (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1848)
Anchoa mitchilli (Valenciennes, 1848)
anchoa mitchilli
bay anchovy as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:208
FAO ASFIS:AVA
ITIS:161861
LANGUAL:B3832
http://eol.org/pages/211953
Cetengraulis edentulus (Cuvier, 1829)
cetengraulis edentulus
atlantic anchoveta as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:209
FAO ASFIS:VEP
ITIS:161862
LANGUAL:B3833
http://eol.org/pages/211952
Cetengraulis mysticetus
Cetengraulis mysticetus (Günther, 1867)
cetengraulis mystecetus
pacific anchoveta as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:210
FAO ASFIS:RAA
ITIS:551439
LANGUAL:B3834
http://eol.org/pages/357148
Coilia mystus (Linnaeus, 1758)
coilia mystus
osbeck's grenadier anchovy
rat-tail anchovy as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:213
ITIS:161834
LANGUAL:B3835
http://eol.org/pages/205026
Engraulis australis
Engraulis australis (Shaw, 1790)
Engraulis australis (White, 1790)
engraulis australis
australian anchovy as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:214
FAO ASFIS:ANC
LANGUAL:B3836
http://eol.org/pages/3191
Engraulis capensis Gilchrist 1913
Engraulis capensis Gilchrist, 1913
engraulis capensis
southern africa anchovy
stet anchovy as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:215
FAO ASFIS:ANE
ITIS:161831
LANGUAL:B3837
http://eol.org/pages/223061
Engraulis encrasicolus
Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758)
anchovy
engraulis encrasiolus
european anchovy as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:216
FAO ASFIS:JAN
ITIS:161835
LANGUAL:B3838
http://eol.org/pages/207206
Engraulis japonicus
Engraulis japonicus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846)
Engraulis japonicus Temminck & Schlegel 1846
Engraulis japonicus Temminck and Schlegel, 1846
engraulis japonicus
japanese anchovy as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:VET
ITIS:551340
LANGUAL:B3839
http://eol.org/pages/206650
Engraulis ringens
Engraulis ringens Jenyns, 1842
engraulis ringens
peruvian anchovy
anchoveta as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:219
FAO ASFIS:ANR
ITIS:161865
LANGUAL:B3840
http://eol.org/pages/207083
Lycengraulis grossidens (Agassiz in Spix and Agassiz, 1829)
Lycengraulis grossidens (Agassiz, 1829)
lycengraulis grossidens
river anchoita as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:161726
LANGUAL:B3841
http://eol.org/pages/6893
Clupea harengus membras Linnaeus, 1761
clupea harengus membras
baltic herring as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3842
http://eol.org/pages/6893
Dorosomatinae
dorosomatinae
gizzard shad as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:161791
LANGUAL:B3845
Sprattus sprattus balticus (Schneider, 1908)
sprattus sprattus balticus
baltic sprat as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3846
http://eol.org/pages/2776970
round herring as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3847
http://eol.org/pages/6893
clupea pallasii marisalbi
white sea herring as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3848
http://eol.org/pages/6893
clupea pallasii suworowi
chosa herring as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:174
LANGUAL:B3849
http://eol.org/pages/6893
Etrumeus acuminatus Gilbert, 1891
etrumeus acuminatus
californian round herring as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:175
LANGUAL:B3850
http://eol.org/pages/6893
Etrumeus sadina (Mitchill, 1814)
etrumeus sardina
atlantic round herring as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:177
FAO ASFIS:RRH
ITIS:161743
LANGUAL:B3851
http://eol.org/pages/205036
Etrumeus teres
Etrumeus teres (DeKay, 1842)
Etrumeus teres De Kay, 1842
etrumeus teres
red-eyed round herring as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:WRR
ITIS:551211
LANGUAL:B3852
http://eol.org/pages/207276
Etrumeus whiteheadi Wongratana, 1983
etrumeus whiteheadi
whitehead's round herring as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3853
http://eol.org/pages/28522
sardinops spp.
pilchard as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:HCC
ITIS:161753
LANGUAL:B3854
http://eol.org/pages/206572
Harengula clupeola
Harengula clupeola (Cuvier, 1829)
false herring
harengula clupeola
false herring as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:HCU
ITIS:161754
LANGUAL:B3855
http://eol.org/pages/206573
Harengula humeralis
Harengula humeralis (Cuvier, 1829)
harengula humeralis
redear herring
redear sardine as food source
Harengula is a genus of herrings that occur mostly in the western Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, with one species in the eastern Pacific Ocean. There are currently four described species.
WIKIPEDIA:Harengula
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3856
http://eol.org/pages/6893
Harengula Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1847
harengula as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:196
FAO ASFIS:SRP
ITIS:551223
LANGUAL:B3857
http://eol.org/pages/2777000
Sardinops neopilchardus
Sardinops neopilchardus (Steindachner, 1879)
sardinops neopilchardus
picton herring as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:PIA
ITIS:551224
LANGUAL:B3858
http://eol.org/pages/2777001
Sardinops ocellatus
Sardinops ocellatus (Pappe, 1853)
sardinops ocellatus
southern african pilchard as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:191
FAO ASFIS:SAE
ITIS:161767
LANGUAL:B3859
http://eol.org/pages/223233
Sardinella maderensis (Lowe, 1838)
Sardinella maderensis (Lowe, 1839)
sardinella maderensis
short-body sardinella as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:193
FAO ASFIS:JSS
ITIS:551460
LANGUAL:B3860
http://eol.org/pages/204826
Sardinella zunasi (Bleeker, 1854)
sardinella zunasi
japanese sardinella as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:NCO
ITIS:161803
LANGUAL:B3861
http://eol.org/pages/213499
Nematalosa come (Richardson, 1846)
nematalosa come
western pacific gizzard shad as food source
http://langual.org
FISHBASE 2004:1614
ITIS:161805
LANGUAL:B3862
http://eol.org/pages/6893
Nematalosa galatheae Nelson & Rothman, 1973
Nematalosa galatheae Nelson and Rothman, 1973
nematalosa galatheae
galathea gizzard shad as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:153
FAO ASFIS:ASD
ITIS:161708
LANGUAL:B3863
http://eol.org/pages/225607
Alosa alosa
Alosa alosa (Linnaeus, 1758)
alewife
allice shad
alosa alosa
alosa vulgaris
clupea alosa
rock herring
allis shad as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:154
FAO ASFIS:TSD
LANGUAL:B3864
http://eol.org/pages/6893
Alosa fallax (Lacepède, 1803)
Alosa fallax Lacépède, 1803
alosa fallax
twaite shad as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:155
LANGUAL:B3865
http://eol.org/pages/6893
Alosa fallax nilotica (Lacépède, 1803)
alosa fallax nilotica
nile twaite shad as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:156
FAO ASFIS:SHH
ITIS:161704
LANGUAL:B3866
http://eol.org/pages/343495
Alosa mediocris
Alosa mediocris (Mitchill, 1814)
alosa mediocris
hickory shad as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:157
FAO ASFIS:SHC
ITIS:161719
LANGUAL:B3867
http://eol.org/pages/6893
Alosa pontica (Eichwald, 1838)
alosa pontica
black sea shad as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:345
LANGUAL:B3868
http://eol.org/pages/3198
Phoxinus percnurus (Pallas, 1811)
phoxinus percnurus
swamp minnow as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:346
FAO ASFIS:PXP
ITIS:163596
LANGUAL:B3869
http://eol.org/pages/204013
Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
phoxinus phoxinus
pink minnow as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:357
ITIS:690020
LANGUAL:B3870
http://eol.org/pages/994590
Scardinius graecus (Stephanidis, 1937)
Scardinius graecus Stephanidis, 1937
scardinius graecus
greek rudd as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:359
FAO ASFIS:VIV
ITIS:639696
LANGUAL:B3871
http://eol.org/pages/994546
Vimba vimba (Linnaeus, 1758)
vimba vimba
vimba bream as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:281
LANGUAL:B3872
http://eol.org/pages/5509
Esox americanus vermiculatus
Esox americanus vermiculatus Lesueur
Esox americanus vermiculatus Lesueur, 1846
esox americanus vermiculatus
grass pickerel as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:468
FAO ASFIS:HKU
ITIS:164738
LANGUAL:B3873
http://eol.org/pages/210306
Urophycis brasiliensis
Urophycis brasiliensis (Kaup, 1858)
brazilian hake
urophycis brasiliensis
brazilian codling as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3874
http://eol.org/pages/24269
molva spp.
european ling as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:455
FAO ASFIS:BVM
ITIS:623033
LANGUAL:B3875
http://eol.org/pages/220820
Molva dipterygia macrophthalma (Rafinesque, 1810)
Molva macrophthalma
Molva macrophthalma (Rafinesque 1810)
Molva macrophthalma (Rafinesque, 1810)
molva dipterygia macrophthalma
molva macrophthalma
spanish ling
mediterranean ling as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3876
http://eol.org/pages/5503
Pollachius Nilsson, 1832
pollacchius spp
pollock as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:460
FAO ASFIS:POL
ITIS:164728
LANGUAL:B3877
http://eol.org/pages/2788745
Pollachius pollachius
Pollachius pollachius (Linnaeus, 1758)
green pollack
pollachius pollachius
pollack lythe
pollock
european pollock as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3878
http://eol.org/pages/5500
Merluccius Rafinesque, 1810
merluccius spp.
hake as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3879
http://eol.org/pages/5500
merlucciidae
merlucid hakes
hake family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3880
http://eol.org/pages/5503
Micromesistius Gill, 1863
micromesistius spp.
blue whiting as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:449
LANGUAL:B3881
http://eol.org/pages/5503
Merlangius merlangus euxinus (Nordmann, 1830)
black sea whiting as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:920
FAO ASFIS:OOA
ITIS:164846
LANGUAL:B3882
http://eol.org/pages/5410
Ophidion barbatum Linnaeus, 1758
ophidion barbatum
snake blenny as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3883
http://eol.org/pages/5410
Ophidion Linnaeus, 1758
ophidion spp.
cusk-eel as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:164856
LANGUAL:B3884
http://eol.org/pages/205861
Ophidion scrippsae (Hubbs, 1916)
ophidion scrippsae
basketweave cusk-eel as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:471
FAO ASFIS:GRM
ITIS:550662
LANGUAL:B3885
http://eol.org/pages/206739
Macruronus magellanicus
Macruronus magellanicus Lönnberg, 1907
macruronus magellanicus
patagonian grenadier as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3886
http://eol.org/pages/5500
Macruronus Günther, 1873
macruronus spp.
blue grenadier as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:475
FAO ASFIS:HOF
ITIS:164793
LANGUAL:B3887
http://eol.org/pages/212900
Merluccius albidus (Mitchill 1818)
Merluccius albidus (Mitchill, 1817)
Merluccius albidus (Mitchill, 1818)
merluccius albidus
offshore silver hake as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:476
FAO ASFIS:HKN
ITIS:164797
LANGUAL:B3888
http://eol.org/pages/205985
Merluccius australis
Merluccius australis (Hutton 1872)
Merluccius australis (Hutton, 1872)
merluccius australis
southern hake as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:478
FAO ASFIS:HKK
ITIS:164798
LANGUAL:B3889
http://eol.org/pages/207888
Merluccius capensis
Merluccius capensis Castelnau 1861
Merluccius capensis Castelnau, 1861
merluccius capensis
shallow-water hake
cape hake as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:479
FAO ASFIS:PHA
ITIS:164799
LANGUAL:B3890
http://eol.org/pages/357052
Merluccius gayi
Merluccius gayi (Guichenot, 1848)
merluccius gayi
chilean hake as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:480
FAO ASFIS:HKP
ITIS:164800
LANGUAL:B3891
http://eol.org/pages/589820
Merluccius hubbsi
Merluccius hubbsi Marini 1933
Merluccius hubbsi Marini, 1932
Merluccius hubbsi Marini, 1933
merluccius hubbsi
argentine hake as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:481
FAO ASFIS:HKE
ITIS:164795
LANGUAL:B3892
http://eol.org/pages/208465
Merluccius merluccius
Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758)
merluccius merluccius
european hake as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:482
FAO ASFIS:HKO
ITIS:164796
LANGUAL:B3893
http://eol.org/pages/207889
Merluccius paradoxus Franca 1960
Merluccius paradoxus Franca, 1960
merluccius paradoxus
deepwater hake as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:483
FAO ASFIS:HKB
ITIS:550664
LANGUAL:B3894
http://eol.org/pages/338207
Merluccius polli Cadenat 1950
Merluccius polli Cadenat, 1950
merluccius polli
benguela hake as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:484
FAO ASFIS:NHA
ITIS:164792
LANGUAL:B3895
http://eol.org/pages/205099
Merluccius productus
Merluccius productus (Ayres 1855)
Merluccius productus (Ayres, 1855)
merluccius productus
north pacific hake as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:485
FAO ASFIS:HKM
ITIS:550665
LANGUAL:B3896
http://eol.org/pages/338208
Merluccius senegalensis Cadenat 1950
Merluccius senegalensis Cadenat, 1950
black hake
merluccius senegalensis
senegalese hake as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:491
FAO ASFIS:RHG
ITIS:165421
LANGUAL:B3897
http://eol.org/pages/206738
Macrourus berglax Lacepède 1801
Macrourus berglax Lacepède, 1801
Macrourus berglax Lacépède, 1801
macrourus berglax
rough-head grenadier as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:221
FAO ASFIS:ALC
ITIS:162315
LANGUAL:B3898
http://eol.org/pages/224139
Alepocephalus bairdii Goode & Bean, 1879
Alepocephalus bairdii Goode and Bean, 1879
alepocephalus bairdii
baird's smmoth-head as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:270
LANGUAL:B3899
http://eol.org/pages/5399
Osmerus mordax dentex
Osmerus mordax dentex Steindachner, 1870
asiatic smelt
boreal smelt
arctic smelt as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3900
http://eol.org/pages/24396
seriolella spp.
silverfish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:724
FAO ASFIS:KGB
ITIS:169274
LANGUAL:B3901
http://eol.org/pages/994838
Menticirrhus americanus
Menticirrhus americanus (Linnaeus, 1758)
menticirrhus americanus
southern kingfish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:725
FAO ASFIS:KGG
ITIS:169275
LANGUAL:B3902
http://eol.org/pages/994839
Menticirrhus littoralis
Menticirrhus littoralis (Holbrook 1855)
Menticirrhus littoralis (Holbrook, 1847)
Menticirrhus littoralis (Holbrook, 1855)
gulf kingcroaker
menticirrhus littoralis
gulf kingfish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:726
FAO ASFIS:KGF
ITIS:169276
LANGUAL:B3903
http://eol.org/pages/994840
Menticirrhus saxatilis
Menticirrhus saxatilis (Bloch & Schneider 1801)
Menticirrhus saxatilis (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
menticirrhus saxatilis
northern kingfish as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:715
LANGUAL:B3904
http://eol.org/pages/5211
Cynoscion macdonaldi (Gilbert, 1890)
conyscion macdonaldi
macdonald's weakfish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3905
http://eol.org/pages/25491
leiostomus spp.
spot as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3906
http://eol.org/pages/17542
atractoscion spp.
atractoscion as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:710
FAO ASFIS:AWE
ITIS:169389
LANGUAL:B3907
http://eol.org/pages/203945
Atractoscion aequidens (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830)
Atractoscion aequidens (Cuvier, 1830)
atractoscion aequidens
atractoscion atelodus
african weakfish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3908
http://eol.org/pages/27313
cilus spp.
cilus as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3909
http://eol.org/pages/5211
Micropogonias Bonaparte, 1831
micropogonias spp.
finebarbel croaker as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:CKM
ITIS:169285
LANGUAL:B3910
http://eol.org/pages/213345
Micropogonias furnieri
Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest, 1823)
micropoginias furnieri
white-mouth croaker as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:169347
LANGUAL:B3911
http://eol.org/pages/5211
Paralonchurus goodei Gilbert in Jordan and Evermann, 1898
paralonchurus goodei
angel croaker as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3912
http://eol.org/pages/25345
genyonemus spp.
genyonemus as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3913
http://eol.org/pages/5211
Larimichthys Jordan and Starks, 1905
larimichthys spp.
larimichthys as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:LYC
ITIS:646547
LANGUAL:B3914
http://eol.org/pages/204617
Larimichthys crocea
Larimichthys crocea (Richardson, 1846)
Larimichthys croceus (Richardson, 1846)
large yellow croaker
croceine croaker as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:646626
LANGUAL:B3915
http://eol.org/pages/5211
Larimichthys pamoides (Munro, 1964)
larimichthys pamoide
southern yellow croaker as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3916
http://eol.org/pages/24569
mullus spp.
mullet as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:807
ITIS:169417
LANGUAL:B3917
http://eol.org/pages/207914
Mullus auratus
Mullus auratus Jordan and Gilbert, 1882
mullus auratus
golden goatfish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:808
FAO ASFIS:MUT
ITIS:169419
LANGUAL:B3918
http://eol.org/pages/1156454
Mullus barbatus
Mullus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758
bluntsnouted mullet
mullus barbatus
striped goatfish
striped mullet as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:811
FAO ASFIS:GOA
ITIS:620958
LANGUAL:B3919
http://eol.org/pages/206766
Pseudupeneus prayensis (Cuvier 1829)
Pseudupeneus prayensis (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829)
Pseudupeneus prayensis (Cuvier, 1829)
pseudupeneus prayensis
west african goatfish as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:812
ITIS:620959
LANGUAL:B3920
http://eol.org/pages/5286
Upeneus asymmetricus Lachner, 1954
upeneus asymmetricus
golden-striped goatfish as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:RPB
LANGUAL:B3921
http://eol.org/pages/5286
Parupeneus bifasciatus (Lacepède 1801)
parupeneus bifasciatus
doublebar goatfish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:RPY
ITIS:169456
LANGUAL:B3922
http://eol.org/pages/211691
Parupeneus cyclostomus
Parupeneus cyclostomus (Lacepède 1801)
Parupeneus cyclostomus (Lacepède, 1801)
parupeneus cyclostomus
goldsaddle goatfish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3923
http://eol.org/pages/23821
gobius spp.
freshwater goby as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1040
ITIS:171838
LANGUAL:B3924
http://eol.org/pages/211551
Gobius auratus Risso, 1810
gobius auratus
golden goby as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1041
FAO ASFIS:GBC
ITIS:171841
LANGUAL:B3925
http://eol.org/pages/2802148
Gobius cobitis Pallas, 1811
Gobius cobitis Pallas, 1814
gobius cobitis
giant goby as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1042
FAO ASFIS:GBN
ITIS:171850
LANGUAL:B3926
http://eol.org/pages/206703
Gobius niger Linnaeus, 1758
gobius niger
black goby as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1043
FAO ASFIS:GON
ITIS:171854
LANGUAL:B3927
http://eol.org/pages/2802153
Gobius paganellus Linnaeus, 1758
gobius paganellus
rock goby as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:172058
LANGUAL:B3928
http://eol.org/pages/206041
Periophthalmus barbarus (Linnaeus, 1766)
atlantic mudskipper
periophthalmus barbarus
mudskipper as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3929
http://eol.org/pages/24507
pomatoschistus spp.
pomatoschistus as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1047
ITIS:171984
LANGUAL:B3930
http://eol.org/pages/223790
Pomatoschistus canestrinii (Ninni, 1883)
pomatoschistus canestrinii
canestrini's goby as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1048
ITIS:171978
LANGUAL:B3931
http://eol.org/pages/994642
Pomatoschistus minutus (Pallas, 1770)
pomatoschistus minutus
sand goby as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3932
http://eol.org/pages/24389
knipowitschia
knipowitschia as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1045
ITIS:172140
LANGUAL:B3933
http://eol.org/pages/356819
Knipowitschia panizzae (Verga, 1841)
knipowitschia pannizzae
lagoon goby as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3934
http://eol.org/pages/5319
Neogobius Iljin, 1927
neogobius
round goby as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1046
ITIS:172071
LANGUAL:B3935
http://eol.org/pages/356813
Neogobius kessleri (Günther, 1861)
neogobius kessleri
bighead goby as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:NBU
ITIS:172072
LANGUAL:B3936
http://eol.org/pages/218104
Neogobius melanostomus
Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas 1814)
Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814)
round goby as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3937
http://eol.org/pages/5319
Proterorhinus Smitt, 1900
proterorhinus spp.
tubenose goby as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1049
FAO ASFIS:RSO
ITIS:172080
LANGUAL:B3938
http://eol.org/pages/218110
Proterorhinus marmoratus (Pallas, 1811)
Proterorhinus marmoratus (Pallas, 1814)
tubenose goby as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3939
http://eol.org/pages/5319
Zosterisessor Whitley, 1935
zosterisessor spp.
zosterisessor as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1050
FAO ASFIS:GBO
ITIS:172086
LANGUAL:B3940
http://eol.org/pages/1012834
Zosterisessor ophiocephalus (Pallas, 1811)
Zosterisessor ophiocephalus (Pallas, 1814)
zosterisessor ophiocephalus
grass goby as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3941
http://eol.org/pages/5276
osphronemidae
giant gourami family as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1034
FAO ASFIS:FGG
ITIS:638762
LANGUAL:B3942
http://eol.org/pages/206862
Osphronemus goramy Lacepède, 1801
Osphronemus goramy Lacépède, 1801
osphronemus goramy
giant gourami as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:696
FAO ASFIS:BRG
ITIS:169090
LANGUAL:B3943
http://eol.org/pages/357150
Conodon nobilis
Conodon nobilis (Linnaeus, 1758)
conodon nobilis
barred grunt as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:694
FAO ASFIS:HNR
ITIS:169086
LANGUAL:B3944
http://eol.org/pages/218029
Anisotremus virginicus
Anisotremus virginicus (Linnaeus, 1758)
anisostremus virginicus
porkfish as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:695
FAO ASFIS:GRB
ITIS:169108
LANGUAL:B3945
http://eol.org/pages/211778
Brachydeuterus auritus (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1832)
Brachydeuterus auritus (Valenciennes, 1831)
brachydeuterus auritus
bigeye grunt as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:698
FAO ASFIS:GRP
ITIS:630254
LANGUAL:B3946
http://eol.org/pages/204763
Isacia conceptionis (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830)
Isacia conceptionis (Cuvier, 1830)
Isacia conceptionis (Valenciennes, 1830)
isacia conceptionis
southeast pacific grunt as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:699
FAO ASFIS:PIG
ITIS:169077
LANGUAL:B3947
http://eol.org/pages/356344
Orthopristis chrysoptera
Orthopristis chrysoptera (Linnaeus, 1766)
orthopristis chrysoptera
pigfish as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:700
FAO ASFIS:GRA
ITIS:630262
LANGUAL:B3948
http://eol.org/pages/221261
Parapristipoma octolineatum (Valenciennes 1833)
Parapristipoma octolineatum (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1833)
Parapristipoma octolineatum (Valenciennes, 1833)
parapristipoma octolineatum
african striped grunt as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:701
FAO ASFIS:GBL
ITIS:630211
LANGUAL:B3949
http://eol.org/pages/219230
Plectorhinchus macrolepis (Boulenger, 1899)
plectorhincus macrolepis
biglip grunt as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3950
http://eol.org/pages/25570
carangoides
island jack as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3951
http://eol.org/pages/28407
elagatis spp.
runner as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:666
LANGUAL:B3952
http://eol.org/pages/5361
Trachurus trachurus capensis (Castelnau, 1861)
trachurus trachurus capensis
cape horse mackerel as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:662
FAO ASFIS:JAA
ITIS:168593
LANGUAL:B3953
http://eol.org/pages/206047
Trachurus picturatus
Trachurus picturatus (Bowdich, 1825)
blue jack mackerel
blue scad
trachurus picturatus
offshore jack mackerel as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:664
FAO ASFIS:PJM
ITIS:168586
LANGUAL:B3954
http://eol.org/pages/210305
Trachurus symmetricus
Trachurus symmetricus (Ayres, 1855)
trachurus symmetricus
pacific jack mackerel as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:667
FAO ASFIS:HMZ
ITIS:168595
LANGUAL:B3955
http://eol.org/pages/224922
Trachurus trecae Cadenat, 1949
Trachurus trecae Cadenat, 1950
trachurus trecae
cunene horse mackerel as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:657
FAO ASFIS:HMG
ITIS:168596
LANGUAL:B3956
http://eol.org/pages/210303
Trachurus declivis
Trachurus declivis (Jenyns, 1841 )
Trachurus declivis (Jenyns, 1841)
greenback scad
trachurus declivis
green-back horse mackerel as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:658
FAO ASFIS:JJM
ITIS:642012
LANGUAL:B3957
http://eol.org/pages/210304
Trachurus japonicus
Trachurus japonicus (Temminck & Schlegel 1844)
Trachurus japonicus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1844)
Trachurus japonicus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1845)
japanese horse mackerel
japanese scad
trachurus japonicus
japanese jack mackerel as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:659
FAO ASFIS:RSC
ITIS:168587
LANGUAL:B3958
http://eol.org/pages/356299
Trachurus lathami
Trachurus lathami Nichols, 1920
trachurus lathami
rough scad as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:LRO
ITIS:621131
LANGUAL:B3959
http://eol.org/pages/993268
Selar boops (Cuvier 1833)
Selar boops (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1833)
selar boops
oxeye scad as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3960
http://eol.org/pages/24015
decapterus spp.
round scad
mackerel scad as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:DCC
ITIS:168735
LANGUAL:B3961
http://eol.org/pages/993841
Decapterus macrosoma Bleeker, 1851
decapterus macrosoma
shortfin scad as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:633
FAO ASFIS:MSD
ITIS:168724
LANGUAL:B3962
http://eol.org/pages/203982
Decapterus macarellus
Decapterus macarellus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1833)
Decapterus macarellus (Cuvier, 1833)
decapterus macarellus
mackerel scad as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:634
FAO ASFIS:RSA
ITIS:168729
LANGUAL:B3963
http://eol.org/pages/205139
Decapterus maruadsi (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)
Decapterus maruadsi (Temminck and Schlegel, 1842)
Decapterus maruadsi (Temminck and Schlegel, 1843)
decapterus maruadsi
japanese scad as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:636
FAO ASFIS:RUS
ITIS:168730
LANGUAL:B3964
http://eol.org/pages/211717
Decapterus russelli
Decapterus russelli (Rüppell, 1830)
decapterus russelli
indian scad as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:OLI
ITIS:168673
LANGUAL:B3965
http://eol.org/pages/205903
Oligoplites saurus
Oligoplites saurus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Oligoplites saurus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
oligoplites saurus
leatherjacket as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:OLG
ITIS:641990
LANGUAL:B3966
http://eol.org/pages/5361
Oligoplites refulgens Gilbert & Starks 1904
Oligoplites refulgens Gilbert and Starks, 1904
oligoplites refulgens
shortjaw leatherjacket as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3967
http://eol.org/pages/26908
alectis spp.
threadfish
cobblerfish as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:624
FAO ASFIS:ALA
ITIS:641972
LANGUAL:B3968
http://eol.org/pages/343488
Alectis alexandrinus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817)
Alectis alexandrinus (Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1817)
Alectis alexandrinus (Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, 1817)
alectis alexandrinus
alexandria pompano as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3969
http://eol.org/pages/5361
Parastromateus Bleeker, 1865
parastromateus spp.
parastromateus as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:SXW
ITIS:621129
LANGUAL:B3970
http://eol.org/pages/211643
Pseudocaranx wrighti (Whitley, 1931)
pseudocaranx wrighti
skipjack trevally as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:SXC
ITIS:621128
LANGUAL:B3971
http://eol.org/pages/213914
Pseudocaranx chilensis (Guichenot, 1848)
pseudocaranx chilensis
juan fernandez trevally as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:967
FAO ASFIS:BAU
ITIS:202018
LANGUAL:B3972
http://eol.org/pages/208606
Sarda australis
Sarda australis (Macleay, 1880)
Sarda australis (Macleay, 1881)
sarda australis
australian bonito as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3973
http://eol.org/pages/24721
cybium spp.
scomberomorus spp.
seerfish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3974
http://eol.org/pages/25976
indian mackerel
rastrelliger spp.
chub mackerel as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:964
FAO ASFIS:RAF
ITIS:202055
LANGUAL:B3975
http://eol.org/pages/592581
Rastrelliger faughni Matsui, 1967
rastrelliger faugni
island mackerel as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:963
FAO ASFIS:RAB
ITIS:172463
LANGUAL:B3976
http://eol.org/pages/208603
Rastrelliger brachysoma (Bleeker, 1850)
Rastrelliger brachysoma (Bleeker, 1851)
rastrelliger brachysoma
short mackerel as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:978
FAO ASFIS:MOS
ITIS:172438
LANGUAL:B3977
http://eol.org/pages/205202
Scomberomorus concolor
Scomberomorus concolor (Lockington, 1879)
scomberomorus concolor
monterey spanish mackerel as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:979
FAO ASFIS:GUT
ITIS:172442
LANGUAL:B3978
http://eol.org/pages/205203
Scomberomorus guttatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Scomberomorus guttatus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
scomberomorus guttatus
indo-pacific king mackerel as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:980
FAO ASFIS:KOS
ITIS:172443
LANGUAL:B3979
http://eol.org/pages/205204
Scomberomorus koreanus (Kishinouye, 1915)
Scomberomorus koreanus (Kishinouye, 1915) ES carite coreano
scomberomorus koreanus
korean seerfish as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:981
FAO ASFIS:STS
ITIS:172445
LANGUAL:B3980
http://eol.org/pages/5210
Scomberomorus lineolatus (Cuvier, 1829)
Scomberomorus lineolatus (Cuvier, 1831)
scomberomorus lineolatus
streaked seerfish as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:983
FAO ASFIS:PAP
ITIS:202046
LANGUAL:B3981
http://eol.org/pages/5210
Scomberomorus multiradiatus Munro 1964
Scomberomorus multiradiatus Munro, 1964
scomberomorus multiradiatus
papuan seerfish as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:984
FAO ASFIS:ASM
ITIS:202047
LANGUAL:B3982
http://eol.org/pages/206787
Scomberomorus munroi Colette and Russo, 1980
Scomberomorus munroi Collette & Russo 1980
Scomberomorus munroi Collette and Russo, 1980
scomberomorus munroi
australian spotted mackerel as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:985
FAO ASFIS:NPH
ITIS:172446
LANGUAL:B3983
http://eol.org/pages/205207
Scomberomorus niphonius
Scomberomorus niphonius (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1832)
Scomberomorus niphonius (Cuvier, 1831)
Scomberomorus niphonius (Cuvier, 1832)
scomberomorus niphonius
japanese spanish mackerel as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:986
FAO ASFIS:KAK
ITIS:202048
LANGUAL:B3984
http://eol.org/pages/206788
Scomberomorus plurilineatus Fourmanoir 1966
Scomberomorus plurilineatus Fourmanoir, 1966
scomberomorus plurilineatus
kanadi kingfish as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:987
FAO ASFIS:QUM
ITIS:172447
LANGUAL:B3985
http://eol.org/pages/222539
Scomberomorus queenslandicus Munro, 1943
scomberomorus queenslandicus
queensland school mackerel as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:988
FAO ASFIS:CER
ITIS:172437
LANGUAL:B3986
http://eol.org/pages/205208
Scomberomorus regalis
Scomberomorus regalis (Bloch, 1793)
scomberomorus regalis
cero as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:989
FAO ASFIS:BBM
ITIS:172448
LANGUAL:B3987
http://eol.org/pages/205209
Scomberomorus semifasciatus (Macleay, 1883)
Scomberomorus semifasciatus (Macleay, 1884)
scomberomorus semifasciatus
broad-barred king mackerel as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:991
FAO ASFIS:CHY
ITIS:172449
LANGUAL:B3988
http://eol.org/pages/205210
Scomberomorus sinensis (Lacepède, 1800)
Scomberomorus sinensis (Lacépède, 1800)
scomberomorus sinensis
chinese seerfish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3989
http://eol.org/pages/25172
thunnus spp.
albacore and tuna as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3990
http://eol.org/pages/25067
euthynnus spp.
lesser tuna as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3991
http://eol.org/pages/25843
auxis spp.
frigate tuna
frigate mackerel as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3992
http://eol.org/pages/25068
katsuwonus spp.
skipjack tuna
oceanic bonito as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:849
FAO ASFIS:HAW
ITIS:645626
LANGUAL:B3993
http://eol.org/pages/1004126
Cheilodactylus variegatus (Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1833)
Cheilodactylus variegatus Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1833
Cheilodactylus variegatus Valenciennes, 1833
cheilodactylus variegatus
pintadilla as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3994
http://eol.org/pages/13855
agonostomus spp.
mountain mullet as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3995
http://eol.org/pages/25496
valamugil spp.
bluespot mullet as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B3996
http://eol.org/pages/27864
aldrichetta spp.
aldrichetta as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:170289
LANGUAL:B3997
http://eol.org/pages/207041
Brama japonica Hilgendorf, 1878
brama japonica
pacific pomfret as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:170292
LANGUAL:B3998
http://eol.org/pages/356302
Brama dussumieri Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1831
brama dussumieri
lowfin pomfret as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:765
FAO ASFIS:DEC
ITIS:169224
LANGUAL:B3999
http://eol.org/pages/205454
Dentex dentex
Dentex dentex (Linnaeus, 1758)
dentex dentex
common dentex as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:762
FAO ASFIS:DEA
ITIS:647934
LANGUAL:B4000
http://eol.org/pages/206644
Dentex angolensis Poll & Maul, 1953
Dentex angolensis Poll and Maul, 1953
dentex angolensis
angola dentex as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:763
FAO ASFIS:DEN
ITIS:169223
LANGUAL:B4001
http://eol.org/pages/211147
Dentex canariensis Steindachner, 1881
dentex canariensis
canary dentex as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:764
FAO ASFIS:DNC
ITIS:647936
LANGUAL:B4002
http://eol.org/pages/5203
Dentex congoensis Poll, 1954
dentex congoensis
congo dentex as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:766
FAO ASFIS:DEP
ITIS:169222
LANGUAL:B4003
http://eol.org/pages/210976
Dentex gibbosus
Dentex gibbosus (Rafinesque, 1810)
dentex gibbosus
pink dentex as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:767
FAO ASFIS:DEL
ITIS:169221
LANGUAL:B4004
http://eol.org/pages/205455
Dentex macrophthalmus (Bloch, 1791)
dentex macrophtalmus
large-eyed dentex as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:768
FAO ASFIS:DEM
ITIS:169220
LANGUAL:B4005
http://eol.org/pages/211146
Dentex maroccanus Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830
Dentex maroccanus Valenciennes, 1830
dentex maroccanus
morocco dentex as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:922
ITIS:171674
LANGUAL:B4006
http://eol.org/pages/206900
Ammodytes dubius
Ammodytes dubius Reinhardt, 1837
Ammodytes dubius Reinhardt, 1838
ammodytes dubius
northern sand lance as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:923
ITIS:171672
LANGUAL:B4007
http://eol.org/pages/206901
Ammodytes hexapterus
Ammodytes hexapterus Pallas, 1811
Ammodytes hexapterus Pallas, 1814
ammodytes hexapteru
pacific sand lance as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:924
ITIS:171677
LANGUAL:B4008
http://eol.org/pages/224136
Ammodytes marinus Raitt, 1934
ammodytes marinus
raitt's sandeel as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:926
FAO ASFIS:ABZ
ITIS:171676
LANGUAL:B4009
http://eol.org/pages/224138
Ammodytes tobianus Linnaeus, 1758
ammodytes tobianus
sandeel as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:929
ITIS:171682
LANGUAL:B4010
http://eol.org/pages/344930
Hyperoplus lanceolatus (Le Sauvage, 1824)
hyperoplus lanceolatus
greater sandeel as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:928
LANGUAL:B4011
http://eol.org/pages/5381
Gymnammodytes cicerellus (Rafinesque, 1810)
gymnammodytes cicerellus
mediterranean sandeel as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:TDC
ITIS:170919
LANGUAL:B4012
http://eol.org/pages/338580
Trichodon trichodon (Tilesius, 1813)
trichodon trichodon
pacific sandfish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4013
http://eol.org/pages/5128
psychrolutidae
flathead sculpin as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4014
http://eol.org/pages/24210
mycteroperca spp.
mycteroperca as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4015
http://eol.org/pages/5206
Cephalopholis Bloch and Schneider, 1801
cephalopholis spp.
cephalopholis as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:565
FAO ASFIS:GPW
ITIS:551036
LANGUAL:B4016
http://eol.org/pages/215496
Epinephelus aeneus
Epinephelus aeneus (E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817)
Epinephelus aeneus (Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1817)
Epinephelus aeneus (Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, 1817)
epinephelus aeneus
white grouper as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:566
FAO ASFIS:EEA
ITIS:167709
LANGUAL:B4017
http://eol.org/pages/597168
Epinephelus alexandrinus (Valenciennes, 1828)
Epinephelus fasciatus
Epinephelus fasciatus (Forsskål 1775)
Epinephelus fasciatus (Forsskål, 1775)
epinephelus alexandrinus
epinephelus fasciatus
golden grouper as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:567
FAO ASFIS:GPS
ITIS:167697
LANGUAL:B4018
http://eol.org/pages/206651
Epinephelus analogus
Epinephelus analogus (Gill, 1863)
Epinephelus analogus Gill, 1863
epinephelus analogus
spotted grouper as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:568
FAO ASFIS:EFJ
ITIS:551046
LANGUAL:B4019
http://eol.org/pages/209889
Epinephelus caninus (Valenciennes, 1843)
epinephelus caninus
dogtooth grouper as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:569
FAO ASFIS:GPD
ITIS:551078
LANGUAL:B4020
http://eol.org/pages/206618
Epinephelus guaza (Linnaeus, 1758)
Epinephelus marginatus
Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834)
epinephelus guaza
epinephelus marginatus
dusky sea perch as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:571
FAO ASFIS:MAR
ITIS:551076
LANGUAL:B4021
http://eol.org/pages/2793766
Epinephelus malabaricus
Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
epinephelus malabaricus
malabar grouper as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:574
FAO ASFIS:GPN
ITIS:167706
LANGUAL:B4022
http://eol.org/pages/1015634
Epinephelus striatus
Epinephelus striatus (Bloch, 1792)
epinephelus striatus
nassau grouper as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4023
http://eol.org/pages/24685
diplectrum
diplectrum as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4024
http://eol.org/pages/5206
Paralabrax Girard, 1856
paralabrax spp.
sand bass as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4025
http://eol.org/pages/5206
Acanthistius Gill, 1862
acanthistius spp.
acanthistius as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4026
http://eol.org/pages/5194
hairtail
trichiuridae
cutlassfish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4027
http://eol.org/pages/24704
ambloplites spp.
rock bass as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4028
http://eol.org/pages/25735
lepomis spp.
common sunfish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:593
FAO ASFIS:LEJ
ITIS:168144
LANGUAL:B4029
http://eol.org/pages/995125
Lepomis gibbosus
Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758)
lepomis gibbosus
pumpkin-seed as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:MTT
ITIS:168161
LANGUAL:B4030
http://eol.org/pages/205773
Micropterus punctulatus
Micropterus punctulatus (Rafinesque, 1819)
micropterus punctulatus
spotted bass as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4031
http://eol.org/pages/5261
polyprionidae
wreckfish family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4032
http://eol.org/pages/5302
lateolabracidae as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:546
FAO ASFIS:FOT
ITIS:645505
LANGUAL:B4033
http://eol.org/pages/220322
Eleutheronema tetradactylum
Eleutheronema tetradactylum (Shaw, 1804)
eleutheronema tetradactylum
four-finger threadfin as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:547
FAO ASFIS:PET
ITIS:170475
LANGUAL:B4034
http://eol.org/pages/205258
Pentanemus quinquarius (Linnaeus, 1758)
pentanemus quinquarius
royal threadfin as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:549
FAO ASFIS:TGA
ITIS:645936
LANGUAL:B4035
http://eol.org/pages/5262
Polydactylus quadrifilis
Polydactylus quadrifilis (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829)
Polydactylus quadrifilis (Cuvier, 1829)
Polynemus quadrifilis (Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829)
giant african threadfin
polydactylus quadrifilis
polynemus quadrifilis
threadfin
five-rayed threadfin as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:905
FAO ASFIS:CAB
ITIS:550561
LANGUAL:B4036
http://eol.org/pages/224968
Anarhichas denticulatus
Anarhichas denticulatus Krøyer, 1845
anarhichas denticulatus
northern wolffish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4037
http://eol.org/pages/5170
scophthalmidae
turbot family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1108
FAO ASFIS:YSO
ITIS:172783
LANGUAL:B4038
http://eol.org/pages/208245
Hippoglossina oblonga
Hippoglossina oblonga (Mitchill, 1815)
Paralichthys oblongus (Mitchill, 1815)
paralichthys oblongus
four-spot flounder as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1106
FAO ASFIS:BAH
ITIS:172744
LANGUAL:B4039
http://eol.org/pages/224379
Paralichthys olivaceus
Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846)
bastard halibut
paralichthys olivaceus
olive flounder as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1098
FAO ASFIS:SOT
ITIS:616137
LANGUAL:B4040
http://eol.org/pages/988103
Psettodes belcheri
Psettodes belcheri Bennett, 1831
psettodes belcheri
spottettail turbot
spot-tail spiny turbot as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:PSB
ITIS:616138
LANGUAL:B4041
http://eol.org/pages/211693
Psettodes bennettii
Psettodes bennettii Steindachner, 1870
psettodes bennetti
spring turbot
spiny turbot as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4042
http://eol.org/pages/2805725
rhombosoleidae
rhombosoleidae as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4043
http://eol.org/pages/24508
limanda spp.
mud dab as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4044
http://eol.org/pages/5179
achiridae
scrawled sole
freshwater sole as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4045
http://eol.org/pages/10955
thymallus spp.
grayling as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4047
http://eol.org/pages/24585
hucho spp.
danube salmon as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:HUP
LANGUAL:B4048
Hucho perryi (Brevoort, 1856)
stringfish
japanese huchen as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:623484
LANGUAL:B4049
http://eol.org/pages/212945
Hucho taimen (Pallas, 1773)
hucho taimen
taimen as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:623483
LANGUAL:B4050
http://eol.org/pages/5158
Hucho ishikawae Mori, 1928
hucho ishikawae
korean taimen as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4051
http://eol.org/pages/5158
Salvelinus Richardson, 1836
salvelinus spp.
char as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:228
FAO ASFIS:CIP
LANGUAL:B4052
http://eol.org/pages/5158
Coregonus altior
Coregonus pollan Thompson 1835
Coregonus pollan Thompson, 1835
coregonus altior
coregonus elegans
coregonus pollan
freshwater herring
pollan as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:231
FAO ASFIS:CIH
ITIS:623413
LANGUAL:B4053
http://eol.org/pages/5158
Coregonus hiemalis
Coregonus hiemalis Jurine, 1825
coregonus hiemalis
lake geneva whitefish as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:233
FAO ASFIS:CIR
ITIS:623416
LANGUAL:B4054
http://eol.org/pages/845285
Coregonus macrophthalmus (Nusslin, 1882)
Coregonus macrophthalmus Nüsslin 1882
Coregonus macrophthalmus Nüsslin, 1882
coregonus macrophthalmus
lake neuchâtel whitefish as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:234
FAO ASFIS:CIQ
ITIS:161936
LANGUAL:B4055
http://eol.org/pages/994758
Coregonus nasus (Pallas, 1776)
coregonus nasus
large-bottom pollan as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:235
FAO ASFIS:HOU
ITIS:161955
LANGUAL:B4056
http://eol.org/pages/994186
Coregonus oxyrinchus (Linnaeus, 1758)
coregonus oxyrinchus
houting as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:CIJ
ITIS:161969
LANGUAL:B4057
http://eol.org/pages/206427
Coregonus peled (Gmelin, 1789)
coregonus peled
big powan as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:239
FAO ASFIS:CIG
ITIS:623435
LANGUAL:B4058
http://eol.org/pages/1156777
Coregonus wartmanni
Coregonus wartmanni (Bloch, 1784)
coregonus wartmanni
blue whitefish as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:ONH
ITIS:553425
LANGUAL:B4059
http://eol.org/pages/5158
Oncorhynchus apache (Miller, 1972)
Oncorhynchus gilae apache (Miller, 1972)
oncorhynchus apache
arizona trout as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:ONA
ITIS:553419
LANGUAL:B4060
http://eol.org/pages/5158
Oncorhynchus aguabonita (Jordan 1892)
Oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita
Oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita (Jordan, 1892)
ancorhynchus aguabonita
golden trout as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:ONY
ITIS:161992
LANGUAL:B4061
http://eol.org/pages/204570
Oncorhynchus chrysogaster (Needham & Gard 1964)
Oncorhynchus chrysogaster (Needham and Gard, 1964)
oncorhynchus chrysogaster
mexican golden trout as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:ONG
ITIS:161985
LANGUAL:B4062
http://eol.org/pages/213575
Oncorhynchus gilae
Oncorhynchus gilae (Miller, 1950)
oncorhynchus gilae
gila trout as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:ONR
ITIS:623486
LANGUAL:B4063
http://eol.org/pages/5158
Oncorhynchus rhodurus Jordan & McGregor 1925
Oncorhynchus rhodurus Jordan and McGregor in Jordan and Hubbs, 1925
oncorhynchus rhodurus
biwa as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:253
LANGUAL:B4064
Salmo trutta fario Linnaeus, 1758
salmo trutta fario
river trout as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:254
LANGUAL:B4065
Salmo trutta lacustris Linnaeus, 1758
salmo trutta lacustris
lake trout as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4066
http://eol.org/pages/24532
ameiurus spp.
bullhead as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4067
http://eol.org/pages/28014
pylodictis spp.
flathead catfish as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:375
ITIS:681957
LANGUAL:B4068
http://eol.org/pages/1156756
Silurus aristotelis (Agassiz, 1856)
Silurus aristotelis Garman, 1890
silurus aristotelis
greek sheatfish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4069
http://eol.org/pages/5088
schilbeidae
glass catfish family as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1175
FAO ASFIS:MOX
ITIS:173414
LANGUAL:B4070
http://eol.org/pages/213810
Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758)
mola mola
ocean sunfish as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1176
FAO ASFIS:RZV
ITIS:173417
LANGUAL:B4071
http://eol.org/pages/214643
Ranzania laevis (Pennant, 1776)
ranzania laevis
slender sunfish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4072
http://eol.org/pages/5060
diodontidae
porcupinefish
burrfish family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1180
FAO ASFIS:ANG
ITIS:164499
LANGUAL:B4073
http://eol.org/pages/206727
Lophius americanus
Lophius americanus Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1837
Lophius americanus Valenciennes, 1837
amercan angler
lophius americanus
goosefish as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1181
FAO ASFIS:ANK
ITIS:164502
LANGUAL:B4074
http://eol.org/pages/223471
Lophius budegassa Spinola, 1807
lophius budegassa
black-bellied angler as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1183
FAO ASFIS:MVO
ITIS:690539
LANGUAL:B4075
http://eol.org/pages/218352
Lophius upsicephalus A. Smith, 1841
Lophius vomerinus Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1837
Lophius vomerinus Valenciennes, 1837
cape monk
lophius upsicephalus
lophius vomerinus
devil anglerfish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4076
http://eol.org/pages/5051
cyttidae
bigeye dory family as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:ZCU
ITIS:166292
LANGUAL:B4077
http://eol.org/pages/206432
Cyttus australis (Richardson, 1843)
cyttus australis
silver dory
boar fish as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:625294
LANGUAL:B4078
http://eol.org/pages/222462
Allocyttus folletti Myers, 1960
allocyttus folletti
oxeye oreo as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:ALL
ITIS:166306
LANGUAL:B4079
http://eol.org/pages/211947
Allocyttus verrucosus (Gilchrist, 1906)
allocyttus verrucosus
warty dory as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:RJA
ITIS:564123
LANGUAL:B4080
http://eol.org/pages/217968
Raja alba Lacepède, 1803
Rostroraja alba (Lacepède, 1803)
raja alba
rostroraja alba
white skate as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:94
FAO ASFIS:JRS
ITIS:160879
LANGUAL:B4081
http://eol.org/pages/215169
Raja asterias Delaroche 1809
Raja asterias Delaroche, 1809
raja asterias
mediterranean starry ray as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:RJB
ITIS:564126
LANGUAL:B4082
http://eol.org/pages/217969
Dipturus batis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Raja batis Linnaeus, 1758
blue skate
common european skate
dipturus batis
flapper skate
raja batis
skate as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:RJH
ITIS:160880
LANGUAL:B4083
http://eol.org/pages/218668
Raja brachyura Lafont 1873
Raja brachyura Lafont, 1873
raja brachyura
blond ray as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:RJI
ITIS:564128
LANGUAL:B4084
http://eol.org/pages/345060
Leucoraja circularis (Couch, 1838)
Raja circularis Couch 1838
leucoraja circularis
raja circularis
sandy ray as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:RJC
ITIS:160901
LANGUAL:B4085
http://eol.org/pages/209174
Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758
raja clavata
thornback ray as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:95
FAO ASFIS:RJD
ITIS:564130
LANGUAL:B4086
http://eol.org/pages/217228
Leucoraja erinacea
Leucoraja erinacea (Mitchill, 1825)
Raja erinacea (Mitchill 1852)
Raja erinacea Mitchill, 1825
leucoraja erinacea
raja erinacea
little skate as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:RJF
ITIS:564134
LANGUAL:B4087
http://eol.org/pages/345059
Leucoraja fullonica (Linnaeus, 1758)
Raja fullonica Linnaeus, 1758
leucoraja fullonica
raja fullonica
shagreen ray as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:96
FAO ASFIS:RJK
ITIS:564141
LANGUAL:B4088
http://eol.org/pages/218418
Dipturus linteus (Fries, 1838)
Raja lintea Fries, 1838
Raja lintea Fries, 1839
dipturus lintea
raja lintea
sailray
sharpnose skate as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:RJE
ITIS:160882
LANGUAL:B4089
http://eol.org/pages/1012918
Raja microocellata Montagu 1818
Raja microocellata Montagu, 1818
raja microocellata
small-eyed ray
painted ray as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:JAI
ITIS:160878
LANGUAL:B4090
http://eol.org/pages/979293
Raja miraletus Linnaeus, 1758
raja miraletus
brown ray as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:RJM
ITIS:160883
LANGUAL:B4091
http://eol.org/pages/211505
Raja montagui Fowler, 1910
homelyn ray
raja montagui
spotted ray as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:RJN
ITIS:564143
LANGUAL:B4092
http://eol.org/pages/345058
Leucoraja naevus (Müller and Henle, 1841)
Raja naevus Müller & Henle 1841
butterfly skate
leucoraja naevus
raja naevus
cuckoo ray as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:97
FAO ASFIS:RJT
ITIS:564145
LANGUAL:B4093
http://eol.org/pages/217218
Leucoraja ocellata
Leucoraja ocellata (Mitchill, 1815)
Raja ocellata Mitchill, 1815
big skate
eyed skate
leucoraja ocellata
raja ocellata
winter skate as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:RJO
ITIS:564148
LANGUAL:B4094
http://eol.org/pages/217203
Dipturus oxyrinchus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Raja oxyrinchus Linnaeus, 1758
dipturus oxyrinchus
long-nose skate
raja oxyrinchus
long-nosed skate as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:RJR
ITIS:564149
LANGUAL:B4095
http://eol.org/pages/217212
Amblyraja radiata
Amblyraja radiata (Donovan, 1808)
Raja radiata Donovan 1808
amblyraja radiata
atlantic pricly skate
raja radiata
thorny skate
tarry skate as food source
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:JAR
ITIS:160898
LANGUAL:B4096
http://eol.org/pages/215259
Raja radula Delaroche, 1809
raja radula
rough skate as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:80
FAO ASFIS:RJQ
ITIS:160932
LANGUAL:B4097
http://eol.org/pages/1156433
Bathyraja spinicauda
Bathyraja spinicauda (Jensen, 1914)
bathyraja spinicauda
spiny-tail skate as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:99
FAO ASFIS:RFT
ITIS:160854
LANGUAL:B4098
http://eol.org/pages/211773
Raja stellulata
Raja stellulata (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)
Raja stellulata Jordan and Gilbert, 1880
raja stellulata
starry skate as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:100
FAO ASFIS:RJU
ITIS:160900
LANGUAL:B4099
http://eol.org/pages/213487
Raja undulata Lacepede, 1802
Raja undulata Lacepède, 1802
Raja undulata Lacépède, 1802
marbled ray
painted ray
raja undulata
undulate ray as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4100
http://eol.org/pages/2774882
arhynchobatidae
softnose skate family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4101
http://eol.org/pages/26926
leucoraja spp.
rough skate as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4102
http://eol.org/pages/26097
dipturus spp.
long-nosed skate as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4103
http://eol.org/pages/25060
amblyraja spp.
stout skate as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:51
FAO ASFIS:SDS
ITIS:160240
LANGUAL:B4104
http://eol.org/pages/988269
Mustelus asterias Cloquet, 1821
mustelus asterias
stellate smooth-hound
starry smooth-hound as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:53
FAO ASFIS:SDP
ITIS:160265
LANGUAL:B4105
http://eol.org/pages/988268
Mustelus schmitti Springer, 1939
Mustelus schmitti Springer, 1940
mustelus schmitti
patagonian smooth-hound as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4106
http://eol.org/pages/8894
somniosidae
sleeper shark family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4107
http://eol.org/pages/25171
somniosus spp.
sleeper shark as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:62
FAO ASFIS:GSK
ITIS:160611
LANGUAL:B4108
http://eol.org/pages/205932
Somniosus microcephalus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Somniosus microcephalus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
ground shark
sleeper shark
somniosus microcephalus
greenland shark as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4109
http://eol.org/pages/24297
mustelus spp.
smoot hound shark
smooth-hound as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4110
http://eol.org/pages/24344
triakis spp.
leopard shark as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:56
FAO ASFIS:LES
ITIS:160448
LANGUAL:B4111
http://eol.org/pages/218711
Triakis semifasciata
Triakis semifasciata Girard, 1854
Triakis semifasciata Girard, 1855
triakis semifasciata
leopard shark as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4112
http://eol.org/pages/8889
centrophoridae
gulper shark family as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:57
FAO ASFIS:GUP
ITIS:160633
LANGUAL:B4113
http://eol.org/pages/214440
Centrophorus granulosus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Centrophorus granulosus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
centrophorus granulosus
rough shark
gulper shark as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:58
FAO ASFIS:GUQ
ITIS:160635
LANGUAL:B4114
http://eol.org/pages/223207
Centrophorus squamosus
Centrophorus squamosus (Bonnaterre 1788)
Centrophorus squamosus (Bonnaterre, 1788)
catshark
centrophorus squamosus
leaf-scale gulper shark as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4115
http://eol.org/pages/8890
dalatiidae
sleeper shark
kitefin shark familie as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:59
FAO ASFIS:SCK
ITIS:160651
LANGUAL:B4116
http://eol.org/pages/210896
Dalatias licha (Bonnaterre, 1788)
dalatias licha
kitefin shark
darkie charlie as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:60
FAO ASFIS:ETX
ITIS:160670
LANGUAL:B4117
http://eol.org/pages/215489
Etmopterus spinax (Linnaeus, 1758)
black centrina
etmopterus spinax
lantern shark
velvet belly as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:66
FAO ASFIS:DOP
ITIS:160628
LANGUAL:B4118
http://eol.org/pages/215099
Squalus megalops (Macleay, 1881)
squalus megalops
shortnose spurdog as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:67
FAO ASFIS:AGN
ITIS:160788
LANGUAL:B4119
http://eol.org/pages/212965
Squatina squatina (Linnaeus, 1758)
angelfish
monkfish
squatina squatina
angel shark as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4120
http://eol.org/pages/8893
oxynotidae
rough shark family as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:70
FAO ASFIS:OXY
ITIS:160690
LANGUAL:B4121
http://eol.org/pages/223564
Oxynotus centrina (Linnaeus, 1758)
angular rough shark
centrina shark
oxynotus centrina
prickly dogfish
humantin as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4122
http://eol.org/pages/8891
echinorhinidae
bramble shark as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:71
FAO ASFIS:SHB
ITIS:160713
LANGUAL:B4123
http://eol.org/pages/215490
Echinorhinus brucus (Bonnaterre, 1788)
echinorhinus brucus
spinous shark
spiny shark
bramble shark as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4124
guitarfishes
rhinobatiformes
fish, rhinobatiform as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4125
http://eol.org/pages/8886
rhinobatidae
guitarfish family as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:73
FAO ASFIS:GUB
ITIS:564441
LANGUAL:B4126
http://eol.org/pages/8886
Rhinobatos albomaculatus (Norman, 1930)
Rhinobatos albomaculatus Norman, 1930
rhinobatos albomaculatus
white-spotted guitarfish as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:74
FAO ASFIS:GUD
ITIS:160817
LANGUAL:B4127
http://eol.org/pages/208605
Rhinobatos percellens (Walbaum, 1792)
Rhinobatos percellens Walbaum, 1792
rhinobatos percellens
chola guitarfish as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:75
FAO ASFIS:GUF
ITIS:564464
LANGUAL:B4128
http://eol.org/pages/8886
Rhinobatos planiceps Garman, 1880
rhinobatos planiceps
peruvian guitarfish as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:76
FAO ASFIS:RBX
ITIS:160819
LANGUAL:B4129
http://eol.org/pages/339123
Rhinobatos rhinobatos (Linnaeus, 1758)
common guitarfish
rhinobatos rhinobatos
guitarfish as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4130
http://eol.org/pages/24252
rhinobatos spp.
guitarfish as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:110
FAO ASFIS:RMB
ITIS:160992
LANGUAL:B4131
http://eol.org/pages/206970
Manta birostris
Manta birostris (Donndorff, 1798)
Manta birostris (Walbaum, 1792)
manta birostris
atlantic manta as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:111
ITIS:160993
LANGUAL:B4132
Manta hamiltoni
Manta hamiltoni (Hamilton and Newman in Newman, 1849)
Manta hamiltoni (Newman, 1849)
manta hamiltoni
pacific manta as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4133
http://eol.org/pages/1904
petromyzontidae
lamprey family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4134
cheiragonidae
helmet crab family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4135
http://eol.org/pages/7156
menippidae
stone crab family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1279
FAO ASFIS:STC
ITIS:98811
LANGUAL:B4136
http://eol.org/pages/1021778
Menippe mercenaria
Menippe mercenaria (Say, 1818)
menippe mercenaria
black stone crab as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1294
FAO ASFIS:KCM
LANGUAL:B4137
Lithodes murrayi
Lithodes murrayi Henderson 1888
Lithodes murrayi Henderson, 1888
lithodes murrayi
murray king crab as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4138
http://eol.org/pages/7169
oregoniidae
oregoniid family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4139
http://eol.org/pages/1233
astacidae
european crayfish family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4140
http://eol.org/pages/1219
cambaridae
american crayfish family as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1269
FAO ASFIS:ORL
ITIS:97423
LANGUAL:B4141
http://eol.org/pages/344149
Orconectes limosus (Rafinesque, 1817)
orconectes limosus
spinycheek crayfish as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1323
FAO ASFIS:BLC
LANGUAL:B4142
Anadara granosa (Linnaeus, 1758)
anadara granosa
blood cockle as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4143
http://eol.org/pages/2298
pharidae
razor shell family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1392
FAO ASFIS:EQI
ITIS:81026
LANGUAL:B4144
http://eol.org/pages/448706
Ensis siliqua
Ensis siliqua (Linnaeus, 1758)
ensis siliqua
sword razor as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4145
http://eol.org/pages/2294
mactridae
mactra surf shell family as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1347
FAO ASFIS:SJA
LANGUAL:B4146
http://eol.org/pages/2249
Pecten jacobaeus
Pecten jacobaeus (Linnaeus, 1758)
great mediterranean scallop
pecten jacobaeus
great scallop as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1346
FAO ASFIS:VSC
ITIS:79628
LANGUAL:B4147
http://eol.org/pages/449769
Chlamys varia
Chlamys varia (Linnaeus, 1758)
chlamys varia
variegated scallop as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1349
LANGUAL:B4148
http://eol.org/pages/2249
Pecten meridionalis
Pecten meridionalis Tate, 1887
pecten meridionalis
australian scallop as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1351
FAO ASFIS:PSU
LANGUAL:B4149
http://eol.org/pages/2249
Pecten sulcicostatus Sowerby 1842
Pecten sulcicostatus Sowerby, 1842
groovesided scallop
pacten culcicostatus
south atlantic scallop as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1354
FAO ASFIS:MSC
LANGUAL:B4150
http://eol.org/pages/2235
Aulacomya ater (Molina, 1782)
aulacomya ater
ribbed mussel
magellan mussel as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1355
FAO ASFIS:LFF
LANGUAL:B4151
http://eol.org/pages/2235
Lithophaga lithophaga (Linnaeus, 1758)
date mussel
european date mussel
lithophaga lithophaga
date shell as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4152
http://eol.org/pages/57674
modiolus spp.
horse mussel as food source
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1366
FAO ASFIS:MSL
ITIS:568077
LANGUAL:B4153
http://eol.org/pages/468743
Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758)
Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1767)
perna perna
south american rock mussel as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:180706
LANGUAL:B4154
MSW3:14200669
http://eol.org/pages/328109
Bison bison (Linnaeus, 1758)
Bison bison Linnaeus, 1758
american buffalo
bison bison
american bison as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:183836
LANGUAL:B4155
MSW3:14200670
http://eol.org/pages/328110
Bison bonasus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Bison bonasus Linnaeus, 1758
bison bonasus
wisent
european bison as food source
The African buffalo, affalo, nyati, mbogo or Cape buffalo (*Syncerus caffer*), is a large African bovine. It is not closely related to the slightly larger wild Asian water buffalo, but its ancestry remains unclear. Owing to its unpredictable nature, which makes it highly dangerous to humans, it has not been domesticated unlike its Asian counterpart the domestic Asian water buffalo.
WIKIPEDIA:Syncerus_caffer
http://langual.org
ITIS:183847
LANGUAL:B4156
MSW3:14200707
http://eol.org/pages/328707
Syncerus caffer (Sparrman, 1779)
Syncerus caffer Sparrman, 1779
cape buffalo
syncerus caffer
african buffalo as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:625063
LANGUAL:B4157
MSW3:14200217
http://eol.org/pages/308479
Capreolus capreolus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Capreolus capreolus Linnaeus, 1758
capreolus capreolus
european roe deer as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:625064
LANGUAL:B4158
MSW3:14200222
http://eol.org/pages/129573
Capreolus pygargus (Pallas, 1771)
Capreolus pygargus Pallas, 1771
capreolus pygargus
eastern roe
siberian roe deer as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:552472
LANGUAL:B4159
MSW3:14200389
http://eol.org/pages/313992
Dama dama (Linnaeus, 1758)
Dama dama Linnaeus, 1758
dama dama
fallow deer as food source
Odocoileus is a genus of medium-sized deer (family Cervidae) containing two species native to the Americas. The name is sometimes spelt odocoeleus; it is from a contraction of the roots odonto- and coelus meaning "hollow-tooth".
WIKIPEDIA:Odocoileus
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4160
http://eol.org/pages/34547
odocoileus spp.
odocoileus deer as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:552501
LANGUAL:B4161
http://eol.org/pages/118009
Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778
brown hare
lepus europaeus
european hare as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:552511
LANGUAL:B4162
http://eol.org/pages/988114
Lepus arcticus Ross, 1819
arctic hare as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4163
http://eol.org/pages/7667
fur seal
otariidae
sea lion
eared seal family as food source
The order Cetacea includes the marine mammals commonly known as whales, dolphins, and porpoises. Cetus is Latin and is used in biological names to mean "whale"; its original meaning, "large sea animal", was more general.
WIKIPEDIA:Cetacea
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4164
http://eol.org/pages/7649
cetacea
cetacean marine mammal as food source
Pinnipeds (from Latin pinna, wing or fin, and ped-, foot) or fin-footed mammals are a widely distributed and diverse group of semiaquatic marine mammals comprising the families Odobenidae (the walrus), Otariidae (eared seals, including sea lions and fur seals), and Phocidae (earless seals).
WIKIPEDIA:Pinniped
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4165
pinniped group as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:176136
LANGUAL:B4166
http://eol.org/pages/1049266
Meleagris gallopavo Linnaeus, 1758
meleagris gallopavo
wild turkey as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:553897
LANGUAL:B4167
http://eol.org/pages/915307
Meleagris ocellata Cuvier, 1820
meleagris ocellata
ocellated turkey as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4168
plant used for dietary supplements as food source
*Aloe ferox*, also known as Cape Aloe, Bitter Aloe, Red Aloe and Tap Aloe, is a species of aloe indigenous to South Africa's Western Cape, Eastern Cape, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, and Lesotho.
WIKIPEDIA:Cape_Aloe
http://langual.org
GRIN:2541
ITIS:505880
LANGUAL:B4169
PLANTS:ALFE2
http://eol.org/pages/1085297
Aloe ferox Mill.
Aloe ferox Miller
aloe ferox
cape aloe plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:7458
ITIS:506410
LANGUAL:B4188
PLANTS:BOSE5
http://eol.org/pages/483516
Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr.
boswellia
boswellia serrata
indian frankincense plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13050
GRIN:100067
ITIS:505142
LANGUAL:B4189
PLANTS:SEAL5
http://eol.org/pages/418313
Senna alexandrina Mill.
Senna alexandrina P. Mill.
alexandrian senna
senna alexandrina
true senna plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:100044
ITIS:505165
LANGUAL:B4190
PLANTS:SEOB4
http://eol.org/pages/418460
Senna obtusifolia (L.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby
Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin & Barneby
senna obtusifolia
java-bean plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:313456
ITIS:505182
LANGUAL:B4191
PLANTS:SETO4
http://eol.org/pages/418194
Senna tora (L.) Roxb.
senna tora
wild senna plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:70237
ITIS:37279
LANGUAL:B4192
PLANTS:ECPA
http://eol.org/pages/467542
Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt.
echinacea pallida
pale echinacea
pale purple cone-flower plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9441
GRIN:14799
ITIS:37281
LANGUAL:B4193
PLANTS:ECPU
http://eol.org/pages/467544
Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench
echinacea purpurea
eastern purple coneflower plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:27841
LANGUAL:B4194
Epimedium sagittatum (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim.
epimedium sagittatum
bishop's hat species as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10168
GRIN:18252
LANGUAL:B4195
PLANTS:HAPR3
Harpagophytum procumbens (Burch.) DC. ex Meisn.
harpagophytum procumbens
devil's-claw plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10419
GRIN:19600
ITIS:21454
LANGUAL:B4196
PLANTS:HYPE
http://eol.org/pages/584888
Hypericum perforatum L.
hypericum perforatum
perforate st. john's-wort plant as food source
Wolfberry, commercially called goji berry, is the common name for the fruit of two very closely related species: *Lycium barbarum* and *Lycium chinense*, two species of boxthorn in the family *Solanaceae* (which also includes the potato, tomato, eggplant, deadly nightshade, chili pepper, and tobacco). It is native to southeastern Europe and Asia.
WIKIPEDIA:Lycium_chinense
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10982
GRIN:22939
ITIS:503599
LANGUAL:B4197
PLANTS:LYBA4
http://eol.org/pages/487010
Lycium barbarum L.
chinese boxthorn
common matrimonyvine
gojiberry
lycium barbarum
lycium halimifolium
wolfberry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11661
GRIN:26977
ITIS:504139
LANGUAL:B4198
PLANTS:PAIN6
http://eol.org/pages/486617
Passiflora incarnata L.
passiflora incarnata
purple passionflower plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:27471
ITIS:506789
LANGUAL:B4199
PLANTS:PEBO5
http://eol.org/pages/392758
Peumus boldus Molina
peumus boldus
boldo plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:28790
ITIS:504438
LANGUAL:B4200
PLANTS:PLOV
http://eol.org/pages/484480
Plantago ovata Forsk.
Plantago ovata Forssk.
blond psyllium
pantago ovata
desert indianwheat plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:103108
ITIS:42508
LANGUAL:B4202
PLANTS:SERE2
http://eol.org/pages/1130738
Serenoa repens (Bartr.) Small
Serenoa repens (Bartram) Small
Serenoa repens (W. Bartram) Small
serenoa repens
saw palmetto plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13113
GRIN:33952
ITIS:38413
LANGUAL:B4203
PLANTS:SIMA3
http://eol.org/pages/509366
Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.
silybum marianum
blessed milkthistle plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13745
GRIN:400139
ITIS:35363
LANGUAL:B4204
PLANTS:VAOF
http://eol.org/pages/488753
Valeriana officinalis L.
common valerian
garden-heliotrope
valerian
valeriana officinalis
garden valerian plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:41813
ITIS:32221
LANGUAL:B4205
PLANTS:VIAG
http://eol.org/pages/579727
Vitex agnus-castus L.
abraham's balm
chasteberry
monk's pepper
vitex agnus-castus
chaste tree as food source
The blackberry is an edible fruit produced by any of several species in the Rubus genus of the Rosaceae family. The fruit is not a true berry; botanically it is termed an aggregate fruit, composed of small drupelets.
WIKIPEDIA:Blackberry
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4206
PLANTS:RUBUS
http://eol.org/pages/8097
Rubus L.
rubus spp.
blackberry plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:32482
GRIN:415605
GRIN:415606
ITIS:25073
ITIS:524637
ITIS:524638
ITIS:530962
ITIS:566767
ITIS:566768
LANGUAL:B4207
PLANTS:RUUR
PLANTS:RUURM
PLANTS:RUURS
PLANTS:RUURU
PLANTS:RUURU2
http://eol.org/pages/244332
Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schlecht.
Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schltdl.
Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schltdl. ssp. macropetalus (Douglas ex Hook.) Roy L. Taylor & MacBryde
Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schltdl. ssp. ursinus
Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schltdl. ssp. ursinus var. sirbenus (L.H. Bailey) J.T. Howell
Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schltdl. ssp. ursinus var. ursinus
Rubus ursinus ssp. macropetalus (Dougl. ex Hook.) Taylor & MacBryde
Rubus ursinus ssp. ursinus Cham. & Schlecht.
Rubus ursinus subsp. macropetalus (Douglas ex Hook.) Roy L. Taylor & MacBryde
Rubus ursinus subsp. ursinus
Rubus ursinus var. sirbenus (Bailey) J.T. Howell
Rubus ursinus var. ursinus Cham. & Schldl.
Rubus ursinus var. ursinus Cham. & Schlecht.
pacific blackberry
pacific dewberry
rubus ursinus
california blackberry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12664
GRIN:32278
ITIS:24898
LANGUAL:B4208
PLANTS:RUCA
http://eol.org/pages/623336
Rubus caesius L.
rubus caesius
european dewberry plant
Cranberries are a group of evergreen dwarf shrubs or trailing vines in the subgenus Oxycoccus of the genus Vaccinium. In some methods of classification, Oxycoccus is regarded as a genus in its own right. They can be found in acidic bogs throughout the cooler regions of the Northern Hemisphere.
WIKIPEDIA:Cranberry
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4209
http://eol.org/pages/38372
cranberry plant
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4210
small cranberry plant
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4211
http://eol.org/pages/38451
sambuccus spp.
elderberry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12779
GRIN:313652
GRIN:32983
ITIS:35318
LANGUAL:B4212
PLANTS:SANIC4
Sambucus canadensis L.
Sambucus canadensis canadensis Linnaeus
Sambucus canadensis var. canadensis
Sambucus nigra L. ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
american black elderberry
canadian elderberry
sambucus canadensis
canadian elder plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:316284
LANGUAL:B4213
PLANTS:VIROM
http://eol.org/pages/4382
Vitis rotundifolia Michx. var. munsoniana (Simpson ex Munson) M.O. Moore
Vitis rotundifolia var. munsoniana (J. Simpson ex Munson) M. O. Moore
Vitis rotundifolia var. munsoniana (Simpson ex Munson) M.O. Moore
vitis rotundifolia
munson's grape plant as food source
Rangpur, Citrus × limonia, also known as lemandarin, is a hybrid between the mandarin orange and the lemon. It is a citrus fruit with a very acidic taste and an orange peel and flesh.
WIKIPEDIA:Mandarin_Lime
http://langual.org
GRIN:10733
ITIS:501573
LANGUAL:B4214
PLANTS:CILI3
http://eol.org/pages/488255
Citrus X limonia Osbeck (pro sp.)
Citrus limonia Osbeck
Citrus ×limonia Osbeck (pro sp.)
citrus × limonia
lemandarin
mandarin lime plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8693
GRIN:10730
ITIS:501572
LANGUAL:B4215
PLANTS:CILI2
http://eol.org/pages/488252
Citrus limetta Risso
bitter orange
sweet lime plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8691
GRIN:314340
LANGUAL:B4216
http://eol.org/pages/4414
Citrus deliciosa Ten.
citrus deliciosa
mediterranean mandarin
willow-leaf mandarin
italian tangerine plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8704
GRIN:314342
LANGUAL:B4217
Citrus tangerina Tanaka
Citrus tangerina hort. ex Tanaka
citrus tangerina
dancy tangerine
tangerine plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8700
GRIN:10756
LANGUAL:B4218
http://eol.org/pages/4414
Citrus myrtifolia Raf.
myrtle-leaf orange plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9099
GRIN:12779
ITIS:25159
LANGUAL:B4219
MANSFELD:8647
PLANTS:CYOB2
http://eol.org/pages/245489
Cydonia oblonga Mill.
Cydonia oblonga P. Mill.
cydonia oblonga
common quince plant as food source
The Galia is a type of hybrid melon originating from a cantaloupe-honeydew cross, larger than a cantaloupe, and with deep green flesh. The name Galia is the feminine form of the Israeli name Gal (meaning 'wave').
WIKIPEDIA:Galia_(melon)
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4220
galia melon plant as food source
Melons with netted skin.
WIKIPEDIA:Melon
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9043
LANGUAL:B4221
Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus Ser.
true muskmelon plant as food source
The North American cantaloupe, common in the United States, Mexico, and in some parts of Canada, has a net-like (or reticulated) skin covering. It is a round melon with firm, orange, moderately sweet flesh and a thin, reticulated, light-brown rind. Varieties with redder and yellower flesh exist but are not common in the U.S. market.
WIKIPEDIA:Cantaloupe
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4222
north american cantaloupe plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4223
muskmelon, inodorus group (plant) as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4224
muskmelon, cantaloupe group (plant) as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4225
muskmelon, crossbred varieties (plant) as food source
A sugar melon is a type of cantaloupe that is about five to six inches (12-15 cm) in diameter and weighing between two and a half to four pounds (1-2 kg). Nearly round in shape, it has thick, sweet, orange flesh and a ribbed exterior that is a silvery gray.
WIKIPEDIA:Sugar_melon
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9044
LANGUAL:B4226
Cucumis melo L. var. saccharinus Naudin
sugar melon plant as food source
The Canary melon (C. melo (Indorus group)) is a large, bright-yellow melon with a pale green to white inner flesh. This melon has a distinctively sweet flavor that is slightly tangier than a honeydew melon.
WIKIPEDIA:Canary_melon
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4227
canary melon plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12484
GRIN:311395
ITIS:504747
LANGUAL:B4228
PLANTS:RHRH2
http://eol.org/pages/485576
Rheum rhabarbarum L.
rheum rhabarbarum
garden rhubarb plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12483
GRIN:31118
ITIS:506564
LANGUAL:B4229
PLANTS:RHPA7
http://eol.org/pages/489443
Rheum palmatum L.
rheum palmatum
chinese rhubarb plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12482
GRIN:31117
ITIS:506563
LANGUAL:B4230
PLANTS:RHOF
http://eol.org/pages/489444
Rheum officinale Baill.
Rheum officinale Baillon
rheum officinale
tibetian rhubarb plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:27394
ITIS:530950
LANGUAL:B4231
PLANTS:PEAMD
http://eol.org/pages/4308
Persea americana Mill. var. drymifolia (Schltdl. & Cham.) S.F. Blake
Persea americana var. drymifolia (Schldl. & Cham.) S. F. Blake
Persea americana var. drymifolia (Schltdl. & Cham.) S. F. Blake
mexican avocado plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:319434
ITIS:530949
LANGUAL:B4232
PLANTS:PEAMA2
http://eol.org/pages/4308
Persea americana Mill. var. americana
Persea americana var. americana
Persea americana var. americana Miller
lowland avocado
persea americana var. americana
west indian avocado
trapp avocado plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13277
GRIN:35331
ITIS:182142
LANGUAL:B4234
PLANTS:SPDU3
http://eol.org/pages/596822
Spondias dulcis Parkinson
Spondias dulcis Sol. ex Parkinson
spondias dulcis
jewish plum plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:13793
LANGUAL:B4236
Dialium indum L.
dialium indum
tamarind plum plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:16148
ITIS:506183
LANGUAL:B4237
PLANTS:EUBR7
http://eol.org/pages/2508574
Eugenia brasiliensis Lam.
eugenia brasiliensis
brazil cherry plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12194
GRIN:1303
ITIS:23836
LANGUAL:B4238
PLANTS:POSA13
http://eol.org/pages/1151976
Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H. E. Moore & Stearn
Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H.E. Moore & Stearn
Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H.E.Moore & Stearn
pouteria sapota
mamey sapote plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:102619
ITIS:505963
LANGUAL:B4239
PLANTS:POVI21
http://eol.org/pages/4187
Pouteria viridis (Pittier) Cronq.
Pouteria viridis (Pittier) Cronquist
pouteria
pouteria viridis
green sapote plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:14325
ITIS:23854
LANGUAL:B4240
PLANTS:DITE3
http://eol.org/pages/583558
Diospyros texana Scheele
chapote
diospyros texana
mexican persimmon
texas persimmon plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8412
GRIN:9292
ITIS:506385
LANGUAL:B4241
PLANTS:CAED6
http://eol.org/pages/483587
Casimiroa edulis La Llave & Lex.
Casimiroa edulis Llave & Lex.
casimiroa edulis
white sapote plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:317384
LANGUAL:B4242
http://eol.org/pages/8223
Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum (K. Koch) Thell.
wild barley plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13072
GRIN:33817
GRIN:430572
ITIS:41248
ITIS:530348
LANGUAL:B4243
PLANTS:SEIT
http://eol.org/pages/1114673
Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.
Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.
Setaria italica (L.) P.Beauv.
Setaria italica subsp. italica
Setaria italica var. italica (L.) Beauv.
german millet
hungarian millet
italian millet
setaria italica
foxtail millet plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:430573
LANGUAL:B4244
Setaria italica subsp. viridis (L.) Thell.
setaria italica subsp. viridis
green foxtail millet plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13989
GRIN:42267
ITIS:41319
LANGUAL:B4245
PLANTS:ZIAQ
http://eol.org/pages/1114723
Zizania aquatica L.
annual wild rice
annual wildrice
zizania aquatica
canadian wild rice plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13990
GRIN:42268
ITIS:41320
LANGUAL:B4246
PLANTS:ZILA3
http://eol.org/pages/1114724
Zizania latifolia (Griseb.) Turcz. ex Stapf
zizania latifolia
manchurian wild rice plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:42269
ITIS:505807
LANGUAL:B4247
PLANTS:ZIPA3
http://eol.org/pages/1115563
Zizania palustris L.
northern wild rice plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9762
GRIN:16557
ITIS:502590
LANGUAL:B4248
PLANTS:FASY
http://eol.org/pages/1143547
Fagus sylvatica L.
fagus sylvatica
LanguaL curation note: When indexing beech nut index both *EUROPEAN BEECH [B4248]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
european beech plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:100831
ITIS:19462
LANGUAL:B4249
PLANTS:FAGR
http://eol.org/pages/1143553
Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.
fagus grandifolia
LanguaL curation note: When indexing beech nut index both *AMERICAN BEECH [B4249]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
american beech plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:16544
LANGUAL:B4250
http://eol.org/pages/4197
Fagus japonica Maxim.
fagus japonica
LanguaL curation note: When indexing beech nut index both *JAPANESE BEECH [B4250]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
japanese beech plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:404238
LANGUAL:B4251
http://eol.org/pages/4219
Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. subsp. integrifolia (H. West) Thell. var. rugosa (Roxb.) M. Tsen & S. H. Lee
brassica juncea var. rugosa
head mustard
red mustard
swatow mustard
cabbage-leaf mustard plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10536
GRIN:20668
ITIS:503238
LANGUAL:B4252
PLANTS:JAOF
http://eol.org/pages/4426
Jasminum officinale L.
common jasmine
jasminum officinale
jasmine plant as food source
Pachyrhizus is a small genus of five or six species of tropical and subtropical plants growing from large, often edible taproots.
WIKIPEDIA:Pachyrhizus
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4254
http://eol.org/pages/29378
pachyrhizus spp.
yam bean plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11587
GRIN:26290
ITIS:506306
LANGUAL:B4255
PLANTS:PATU7
http://eol.org/pages/641586
Pachyrhizus tuberosus (Lam.) Spreng.
Pachyrhizus tuberosus (Lam.) Sprengel
ajipo
amazonian yam bean
goiteño
jacatupe
nupe
pachyrhizus tuberosus
potato bean
goitenyo plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11585
GRIN:26283
ITIS:506305
LANGUAL:B4256
PLANTS:PAAH4
http://eol.org/pages/641703
Pachyrhizus ahipa (Wedd.) L. Parodi
Pachyrhizus ahipa (Wedd.) Parodi
andean yam bean
pachyrhizus ahipa
yam bean
ahipa plant as food source
*Camelina sativa*, usually known in English as camelina, gold-of-pleasure, or false flax, also occasionally wild flax, linseed dodder, German sesame, and Siberian oilseed, is a flowering plant in the family *Brassicaceae*. It has been traditionally cultivated as an oilseed crop to produce vegetable oil and animal feed. The crop is now being researched due to its exceptionally high levels (up to 45%) of omega-3 fatty acids, which is uncommon in vegetable sources.
WIKIPEDIA:Camelina_sativa
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8278
GRIN:8700
ITIS:22600
LANGUAL:B4257
PLANTS:CASA2
PLANTS:CASAA
PLANTS:CASAS2
http://eol.org/pages/584191
Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz
Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz ssp. alyssum (Mill.) E. Schmid
Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz ssp. sativa
big-seed
camelina
camelina sativa
false flax
gold-of-pleasure plant as food source
*Crataegus azarolus* is a species of hawthorn known by the common names azarole, mosphilla, and Mediterranean medlar. It is native to the Mediterranean Basin and it is grown there and elsewhere as an ornamental tree and for its fruit. It has been used historically for a number of medicinal purposes.
WIKIPEDIA:Crataegus_azarolus
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8959
GRIN:12083
LANGUAL:B4258
PLANTS:CRAZ
Crataegus azarolus L.
crataegus azarolus
mediterranean-medlar
azarole plant as food source
*Rubus spectabilis* (Salmonberry) is a species of *Rubus* native to the west coast of North America from west central Alaska to California. Salmonberries are edible and share the fruit structure of the raspberry, with the fruit pulling away from its receptacle. Books often call the fruit "insipid", but depending on ripeness and site, they are good eaten raw and when processed into jam, candy, jelly and wine. They were an important food for indigenous peoples. Traditionally, the berries were eaten with salmon or mixed with oolichan grease or salmon roe. They were not dried because of their high moisture content.
WIKIPEDIA:Salmonberry
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12677
GRIN:32449
ITIS:25051
LANGUAL:B4259
PLANTS:RUSP
http://eol.org/pages/244454
Rubus spectabilis Pursh
rubus spectabilis
salmonberry plant
*Rubus parviflorus*, commonly called thimbleberry or salmonberry, is a species of *Rubus*, native to western and northern North America. Thimbleberry fruits are larger, flatter, and softer than raspberries, and have many small seeds. Because the fruit is so soft, it does not pack or ship well, so thimbleberries are rarely cultivated commercially. However, wild thimbleberries make an excellent jam which is sold as a local delicacy. The fruits can be eaten raw or dried.
WIKIPEDIA:Rubus_parviflorus
http://langual.org
GRIN:32408
ITIS:25007
LANGUAL:B4260
PLANTS:RUPA
PLANTS:RUPAP2
PLANTS:RUPAV
http://eol.org/pages/237187
Rubus parviflorus Nutt.
Rubus parviflorus Nutt. var. parviflorus
Rubus parviflorus Nutt. var. velutinus (Hook. & Arn.) Greene
rubus parviflorus
salmonberry
thimbleberry plant
*Rubus phoenicolasius* (Japanese Wineberry, Wineberry, or Wine Raspberry) is a species of raspberry (*Rubus* subgenus *Idaeobatus*) native to northern China, Japan, and Korea. The species was introduced to Europe and North America as an ornamental plant and for its potential in breeding hybrid raspberries. It has subsequently escaped from cultivation and become naturalised and sometimes invasive in parts of Europe and eastern North America.
WIKIPEDIA:Rubus_phoenicolasius
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12674
GRIN:32416
ITIS:25017
LANGUAL:B4261
PLANTS:RUPH
http://eol.org/pages/632717
Rubus phoenicolasius Maxim.
japanese wineberry
rubus phoenicolasius
wine raspberry
wineberry plant
Crowberry (*Empetrum*) is a small genus of dwarf evergreen shrubs that bear edible fruit. Species of crowberry include: *E. nigrum* (Crowberry), *E. eamesii* (Rockberry), *E.rubrum* and *E. hermaphroditum*. In subarctic areas. Crowberry has been a vital addition to the diet of the Inuit and the Sami. After waning popularity, the crowberry is regaining its reputation as an edible berry. It provides a steady crop and the gathering is relatively easy. The high concentration of anthocyanin pigment can be used as a natural food dye.
WIKIPEDIA:Crowberry
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4262
http://eol.org/pages/61890
empetrum spp.
crowberry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9514
GRIN:15127
ITIS:23743
LANGUAL:B4263
PLANTS:EMNI
PLANTS:EMNIH
PLANTS:EMNIN
http://eol.org/pages/586630
Empetrum nigrum L.
Empetrum nigrum L. ssp. hermaphroditum (Lange ex Hagerup) Böcher
Empetrum nigrum L. ssp. nigrum
empetrum nigrum
black crowberry plant
http://langual.org
ITIS:502294
ITIS:524042
ITIS:524043
LANGUAL:B4264
PLANTS:EMEA
PLANTS:EMEAA
PLANTS:EMEAE
Empetrum eamesii Fern. & Wieg.
Empetrum eamesii Fernald & Wiegand
Empetrum eamesii Fernald & Wiegand ssp. atropurpureum (Fernald & Wiegand) D. Löve
Empetrum eamesii Fernald & Wiegand ssp. eamesii
Empetrum eamesii ssp. atropurpureum (Fern. & Wieg.) D. Löve
Empetrum eamesii ssp. eamesii Fern. & Wieg.
eames' purple crowberry
empetrum eamesii
rockberry
purple crowberry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9515
LANGUAL:B4265
Empetrum rubrum Vahl ex Willd.
empetrum rubrum
red crowberry plant
The Jabuticaba (*Myrciaria cauliflora* (Mart.) O.Berg.) (also called Brazilian Grape Tree, Jaboticaba, Jabotica, Guaperu, Guapuru, Hivapuru, Sabará and Ybapuru) is a fruit-bearing tree in the family Myrtaceae native to Minas Gerais in southeastern Brazil grown for the purple, grape-like fruits it produces. Other related species in the genus *Myrciaria*>, often referred to by the same common name, are native to Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Bolivia. The fruit is purplish black, with a white pulp; it can be eaten raw or be used to make jellies and drinks (plain juice or wine).
WIKIPEDIA:Myrciaria_cauliflora
http://langual.org
GRIN:24830
ITIS:506174
LANGUAL:B4266
PLANTS:MYCA9
http://eol.org/pages/8095
Myrciaria cauliflora (C. Martius) O. Berg
Myrciaria cauliflora (Mart.) O. Berg
brazilian grapetree
myrciaria cauliflora
jaboticaba plant as food source
*Carissa* is a genus of about 20-30 species of shrubs or small trees native to tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Australia and Asia. The fruit are edible but tart, and taste like a giant cranberry and rich in Vitamin C, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus. The fruit of *C. macrocarpa* is especially delicious and is used to make jelly. They are eagerly consumed by birds, which also distribute the seed. If eaten before fully ripe, a bitter, latex-like substance is released from the skin. Other than the fruit, the plant is poisonous.
WIKIPEDIA:Carissa
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4267
PLANTS:CARIS
http://eol.org/pages/4280
Carissa L.
carissa spp.
carissa plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12673
GRIN:32402
ITIS:24997
LANGUAL:B4268
PLANTS:RUOD
http://eol.org/pages/628233
Rubus odoratus L.
rubus odoratus
purple-flowered raspberry plant
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12669
GRIN:32354
ITIS:504856
LANGUAL:B4269
PLANTS:RUIL
http://eol.org/pages/239134
Rubus illecebrosus Focke
rubus illecebrosus
strawberry raspberry plant
Banana is the common name for herbaceous plants of the genus Musa and for the fruit they produce.
WIKIPEDIA:Banana
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11276
GRIN:312415
LANGUAL:B4270
PLANTS:MUSA2
http://eol.org/pages/4249
Musa
Musa L.
Musa sp.
musa spp.
banana plant as food source
*Ensete*, or Enset, is a genus of plants, native to tropical regions of Africa and Asia. It is one of the three genera in the banana family, $em$Musaceae$/em$.
WIKIPEDIA:Ensete
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9519
LANGUAL:B4271
PLANTS:ENSET
http://eol.org/pages/4249
Ensete
Ensete Horan.
enset
ensete spp.
false banana
ensete plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:404699
LANGUAL:B4272
http://eol.org/pages/4249
Ensete glaucum (Roxb.) Cheesman
ensete glaucum
snow banana plant as food source
Amorphophallus paeoniifolius, the Elephant foot yam or Whitespot giant arum or Stink lily, is a tropical tuber crop that offers excellent scope for adoption in the tropical countries as a cash crop due to its production potential and popularity as a vegetable in various delicious cuisines.
WIKIPEDIA:Amorphophallus_paeoniifolius
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7462
GRIN:102457
ITIS:506752
LANGUAL:B4274
PLANTS:AMPA13
http://eol.org/pages/1098928
Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson
amorphophallus paeoniifolius
elephant foot yam
elephant yam
telinga-potato
whitespot giant arum plant as food source
The splendid alfonsino, Beryx splendens, is an alfonsino of the genus Beryx, found around the world at depths of between 25 and 1,300 m. Their length is between 30 and 70 cm.<BR />It is known as kinmedai in sushi and Japanese cuisine.
WIKIPEDIA:Splendid_alfonsino
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
AFNS 2009 37:258002
FAO ASFIS:BYS
ITIS:166156
LANGUAL:B4275
http://eol.org/pages/207037
Beryx splendens
Beryx splendens Lowe, 1834
beryx splendens
splendid alfonsino as food source
The Javan Rusa or Sunda Sambar (Rusa timorensis) is a deer native to the islands of Java, Bali and Timor (shared with East Timor) in Indonesia. It is also an introduced species in Irian Jaya, Borneo (Kalimantan), the Lesser Sunda Islands, Maluku, Sulawesi, Australia, Mauritius, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, and Réunion.
WIKIPEDIA:Cervus_timorensis
http://langual.org
ITIS:625050
LANGUAL:B4276
http://eol.org/pages/7685
Cervus timorensis Blainville, 1822
cervus timorensis
rusa deer
timor deer as food source
The New Zealand queen scallop (Zygochlamys delicatula) is also known as the southern queen scallop, southern fan scallop, and gem scallop. This small pectinid species is distributed on the outer continental shelf along the east coast of the South Island, from Kaikoura down to Macquarie Island.<br />
There are nine other species in the genus, none of which have attracted commercial interest, probably because of their small size.[http://fs.fish.govt.nz/Doc/21772/74_QSC_09.pdf.ashx]
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
LANGUAL:B4277
Zygochlamys delicatula
chlamys delicatula
gem scallop
gem shellfish
tipa
zygochlamys delicatula
southern queen scallop as food source
Iaraj (*Cyrtosperma chamissonis - Araceae*). This large, cultivated "hard" or "swamp" taro has been a very important starchy, staple food source. It reaches heights up to 4-6 m (15-20 ft) and produces huge green to yellowish-green, heart-shaped leaves with tips that point upward.
Iaraj is an aroid "root crop" species probably native to Southeast Asia or wetern Melanesia. Early settlers brought it by canoe to many islands of the tropical Pacific, including the Marshall Islands, in prehistoric times.[http://www.hawaii.edu/cpis/MI/plants/iaraj.html]
http://langual.org
ITIS:506753
LANGUAL:B4278
PLANTS:CYCH7
http://eol.org/pages/8191
Cyrtosperma chamissonis (Schott) Merr.
cyrtosperma chamissonis
swamp taro plant as food source
Pulaka (Cyrtosperma merkusii), or swamp taro, is a crop grown in Oceania (especially Tuvalu) and an important source of carbohydrates for the area's inhabitants. It is a "swamp crop" similar to taro, but "with bigger leaves and larger, coarser roots." Pulaka roots need to be cooked for hours to reduce toxicity in the corms, but are rich in nutrients, especially calcium. Pulaka is an important part of Tuvalu cultural and culinary tradition, now under threat from rising sea level and displacement from the growing use of imported food products.
WIKIPEDIA:Pulaka
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9149
GRIN:12943
ITIS:506754
LANGUAL:B4279
PLANTS:CYME10
http://eol.org/pages/1094951
Cyrtosperma merkusii (Hassk.) Schott
cyrtosperma merkusii
giant swamp taro
pulaka plant as food source
http://langual.org
AFNS 2009 37:361007
FAO ASFIS:GIY
ITIS:169518
LANGUAL:B4280
http://eol.org/pages/1015618
Girella tricuspidata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)
Girella tricuspidata (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824)
Girella tricuspidata Quoy & Gaimard, 1824
black bream
blackfish
girella tricuspidata
luderick
parore as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4281
http://eol.org/pages/5306
kyphosidae
pilot fish
rudderfishes
sea chubs
sea chub family as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4282
http://eol.org/pages/4321
malvaceae
mallows plant as food source
The aibika (Abelmoschus manihot) is a flowering plant in the mallow family Malvaceae. It was formerly considered a species of Hibiscus, but is now classified in the genus Abelmoschus. The plant is also known as the sunset muskmallow, sunset hibiscus, or hibiscus manihot.
In Japanese, this plant is known as tororo aoi and is used to make neri, a starchy substance used in making washi. In Korean, this plant is known as hwang chok kyu and is used to make dak pul, which assists in making hanji.
WIKIPEDIA:Abelmoschus_manihot
http://langual.org
GRIN:621
ITIS:21771
LANGUAL:B4283
PLANTS:ABMA9
http://eol.org/pages/584457
Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik.
abelmoschus manihot
aibika
hibiscus manihot
sunset hibiscus
sunset muskmallow plant as food source
Abelmoschus moschatus (Abelmosk, Ambrette seeds, Annual hibiscus, Bamia Moschata, Galu Gasturi, Muskdana, Musk mallow, Musk okra, Musk seeds, Ornamental okra, Rose mallow seeds, Tropical jewel hibiscus, Yorka okra; syn. Hibiscus abelmoschus L.) is an aromatic and medicinal plant in the Malvaceae family, which is native to India.[]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7007
GRIN:623
ITIS:21772
LANGUAL:B4284
PLANTS:ABMO
http://eol.org/pages/584456
Abelmoschus moschatus Medik.
abelmoschus moschatus
abelmosk
annual hibiscus
musk okra
muskmallow plant as food source
Opah (also commonly known as moonfish, sunfish, kingfish, redfin ocean pan, and Jerusalem haddock) are large, colorful, deep-bodied pelagic *Lampriform* fish comprising the small family *Lampridae* (also spelled *Lamprididae*).
WIKIPEDIA:Opah
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
AFNS 2009 37:268001
AFNS 2009 37:268900
CEC 1993:503
FAO ASFIS:LAG
ITIS:166326
LANGUAL:B4285
http://eol.org/pages/212278
Lampris guttatus
Lampris guttatus & Lampris immaculatus
Lampris guttatus (Brünnich 1788)
Lampris guttatus (Brünnich, 1788)
Lampris guttatus Brunnich, 1788
jerusalem haddock
kingfish
lampris guttatus
opah
redfin ocean pan
sunfish
moonfish as food source
The ridge scaled rattail, *Macrourus carinatus*, is a rattail of the genus *Macrourus*, found in the Great Southern Ocean at depths of between 200 and 1,200 m. Its length is between 30 to 65 cm, although Fishbase records lengths up to 1 m.
WIKIPEDIA:Macrourus_carinatus
http://langual.org
AFNS 2009 37:232036
FAO ASFIS:MCC
ITIS:550628
LANGUAL:B4286
http://eol.org/pages/1002768
Macrourus carinatus (Günther 1878)
Macrourus carinatus (Günther, 1878)
Macrourus carinatus Günther, 1878
macrourus carinatus
ridge scaled rattail as food source
The porae or blue morwong, *Nemadactylus douglasii*, is a morwong of the genus *Nemadactylus*, found around south eastern Australia and the north eastern coast of the North Island of New Zealand at depths of about 10 to 100 metres, on sandy and rocky coasts. Its length is between 40 and 100 cm. Max weight is at least 12 kg.
WIKIPEDIA:Nemadactylus_douglasii
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
AFNS 2009 37:377002
FAO ASFIS:CDD
ITIS:645482
LANGUAL:B4287
http://eol.org/pages/224006
Nemadactylus douglasii
Nemadactylus douglasii (Hector 1875)
Nemadactylus douglasii (Hector, 1875)
Nemadactylus douglasii Hector, 1875
grey morwong
nemadactylus douglasii
porae as food source
*Odacidae* is a small family of fishes in the order *Perciformes*, commonly known as butterfish, cales, and weed-whitings. They are related to the much larger families of the wrasses and parrotfish.
WIKIPEDIA:Odacidae
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4288
http://eol.org/pages/5280
butterfish
cales
weed-whitings
odacidae as food source
The greenbone or butterfish, *Odax pullus*, a cale of the genus *Odax*, is found around New Zealand.
WIKIPEDIA:Greenbone
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:OXP
ITIS:614973
LANGUAL:B4289
http://eol.org/pages/222798
Odax pullus
Odax pullus (Forster 1801)
Odax pullus (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
butterfish
greenbone
odax pullus
new zealand butterfish as food source
The smooth leatherjacket or velvet leatherjacket, *Meuschenia scaber*, is a filefish of the family *Monacanthidae*, found off eastern Australia and all around New Zealand to depths of about 100 m, on rocky weedy reef areas. Its length is between 25 and 35 cm. In New Zealand it is simply known as leatherjacket as it is the only fish of this family commonly found there.
WIKIPEDIA:Velvet_Leatherjacket
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
AFNS 2009 37:465005
FAO ASFIS:PKB
ITIS:646154
LANGUAL:B4290
http://eol.org/pages/217899
Meuschenia scaber
Meuschenia scaber (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
Meuschenia scaber Forster, 1801
Parika scaber (Forster, 1801)
meuschenia scaber
new zealand leatherjacket
parika scaber
velvet leatherjacket as food source
Puffins are any of three small species of auk (or alcids) in the bird genus *Fratercula* with a brightly coloured beak during the breeding season. These are pelagic seabirds that feed primarily by diving in the water. They breed in large colonies on coastal cliffs or offshore islands, nesting in crevices among rocks or in burrows in the soil. Two species, the Tufted Puffin and Horned Puffin, are found in the North Pacific Ocean, while the Atlantic Puffin is found in the North Atlantic Ocean.
WIKIPEDIA:Puffin
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4292
http://eol.org/pages/84465
fratercula
puffin as food source
The Tufted Puffin (Fratercula cirrhata) also known as Crested Puffin, is a relatively abundant medium-sized pelagic seabird in the auk (Alcidae) family found throughout the North Pacific Ocean. It is one of three species of puffin that make up the Fratercula genus and is easily recognizable by its thick red bill and yellow tufts.
WIKIPEDIA:Tufted_Puffin
http://langual.org
ITIS:177032
LANGUAL:B4293
http://eol.org/pages/1049982
Fratercula cirrhata (Pallas, 1769)
crested puffin
fratercula cirrhata
tufted puffin as food source
The Atlantic Puffin (Fratercula arctica) is a seabird species in the auk family. It is a pelagic bird that feeds primarily by diving for fish, but also eats other sea creatures, such as squid and crustaceans. Its most obvious characteristic during the breeding season is its brightly coloured bill. Also known as the Common Puffin, it is the only puffin species which is found in the Atlantic Ocean. The curious appearance of the bird, with its large colourful bill and its striking piebald plumage, has given rise to nicknames such as '"clown of the ocean" and "sea parrot".
WIKIPEDIA:Atlantic_Puffin
http://langual.org
ITIS:177025
LANGUAL:B4294
http://eol.org/pages/1049938
Fratercula arctica (Linnaeus, 1758)
fratercula arctica
atlantic puffin as food source
The Horned Puffin (*Fratercula corniculata*) is an auk, similar in appearance to the Atlantic Puffin; this bird's bill is yellow at the base and red at the tip. It is a pelagic seabird that feeds primarily by diving for fish. It nests in colonies, often with other auks.
WIKIPEDIA:Horned_Puffin
http://langual.org
ITIS:177029
LANGUAL:B4295
http://eol.org/pages/1049960
Fratercula corniculata (Naumann, 1821)
fratercula corniculata
horned puffin as food source
Shearwaters are medium-sized long-winged seabirds. There are more than 30 species of shearwaters, a few larger ones in the genus *Calonectris* and many smaller species in the genus *Puffinus*.
WIKIPEDIA:Shearwater
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4296
http://eol.org/pages/19902
calonectris
puffinus
shearwater as food source
The Sooty Shearwater (*Puffinus griseus*) is a medium-large shearwater in the seabird family *Procellariidae*. In New Zealand it is also known by its Maori name titi and as "muttonbird", like its relatives the Wedge-tailed Shearwater *(P. pacificus*) and the Australian Short-tailed Shearwater (*P. tenuirostris*).
WIKIPEDIA:Sooty_Shearwater
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:PFG
ITIS:174553
LANGUAL:B4297
http://eol.org/pages/1047364
Puffinus griseus
Puffinus griseus (Gmelin, 1789)
muttonbird
puffinus griseus
titi
sooty shearwater as food source
*Rubus ulmifolius* is a species of wild blackberry known by the English common name elmleaf blackberry or thornless blackberry and the Spanish common name zarzamora. It is native to Europe and North Africa, and it is widely known elsewhere as an introduced species and sometimes a noxious weed. It is a brambly shrub with compound leaves and small, white or pink flowers. The fruit is a blackberry.
WIKIPEDIA:Rubus_ulmifolius
http://langual.org
GRIN:313548
ITIS:504890
LANGUAL:B4298
PLANTS:RUUL
http://eol.org/pages/625649
Rubus ulmifolius Schott
rubus ulmifolius
thornless blackberry
zarzamora
elmleaf blackberry plant
*Sonchus asper* (Sharp-fringed Sow Thistle, Prickly Sow Thistle, Spiny Sow Thistle, or Spiny-leaved Sow Thistle) is an annual plant with spiny leaves and yellow flowers resembling those of the dandelion. The leaves are bluish-green, simple, lanceolate, with wavy and sometimes lobed margins, covered in spines on both the margins and beneath. The base of the leaf surrounds the stem. The plant can reach 180 cm (6 ft) in height. The leaves and stems emit a milky sap when cut. The flowers grow in clusters and the end of the stems.
This plant is native to Europe, but is also a common weed in North American roadsides, landscapes, and pastures. Its edible leaves make a palatable and nutritious leaf vegetable.
WIKIPEDIA:Sonchus_asper
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13193
GRIN:34933
ITIS:38424
LANGUAL:B4299
PLANTS:SOAS
http://eol.org/pages/492388
Sonchus asper (L.) Hill
prickly sow thistle
rough sow thistle
sharp-fringed sow thistle
sonchus asper
spiny leaved sow thistle
spiny-leaf sow thistle
spiny-leaf sowthistle
spinu sowthistle plant as food source
The yellowtail horse mackerel, Trachurus novaezelandiae, is a jack in the family Carangidae found around Australia and New Zealand at depths of up to 500 m. Its length is up to 50 cm.
The yellowtail horse mackerel is very similar to the greenback horse mackerel but has 68 to 73 lateral line scutes, compared with 76 to 82 for the greenback horse mackerel.
WIKIPEDIA:Trachurus_novaezelandiae
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
AFNS 2009 37:337003
FAO ASFIS:TUZ
ITIS:642029
LANGUAL:B4300
http://eol.org/pages/206046
Trachurus novaezelandiae
Trachurus novaezelandiae (Richardson 1843)
Trachurus novaezelandiae Richardson, 1843
trachurus novaezelandiae
yellowtail horse mackerel as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4302
http://eol.org/pages/17858
allium
allium species as food source
*Abelmoschus moschatus* is a perennial species comprising two recognised subspecies. Subsp. *moschatus* occurs in India, parts of Asia and the Pacific Islands. There are also naturalised occurrences of subsp. *moschatus* in northern New South Wales. Subsp. *tuberosus* is found in northern Australia and in islands to the north. It is a delightful, soft, herbaceous trailing plant to 2 metres in diameter with soft hairy stems. It has an underground tuber and dies back to this tuber in the dry season, emerging again with the first substantial rains of the wet season. It is a relative of the edible okra and tubers and foliage were a source of food for Aborigines.[http://anpsa.org.au/a-mos.html]
http://langual.org
GRIN:105540
LANGUAL:B4303
http://eol.org/pages/4321
Abelmoschus moschatus subsp. tuberosus (Span.) Borss. Waalk.
abelmoschus moschatus subsp. tuberosus
native rosella plant as food source
Round lime (*Citrus australis*), also known as Australian lime or Australian round lime, is a large shrub or small tree of a height of up to 12m. It grows in the Beenleigh area, Queensland, Australia.
WIKIPEDIA:Round_lime
http://langual.org
GRIN:24248
ITIS:506394
LANGUAL:B4304
PLANTS:MIAU5
http://eol.org/pages/483562
Microcitrus australis (A. Cunn. ex Mudie) Swingle
Microcitrus australis (Planch.) Swingle
Microcitrus australis (Planchon) Swingle
australian lime
citrus australis
microcitrus australis
native lime
australian round lime plant as food source
The Finger Lime plant, *Citrus australasica* (syn. *Microcitrus australasica*) is a thorny understorey shrub or small tree of lowland subtropical rainforest and dry rainforest in the coastal border region of Queensland and New South Wales, Australia.
The plant is 2-7 metres in height. Leaves are small, 1-6 cm long and 3-25 mm wide, glabrous, with a notched tip and crenate towards the apex. Flowers are white with petals 6-9 mm long. The fruit is cylindrical, 4-8 cm long, sometimes slightly curved, coming in different colours, including pink and green.
Early settlers consumed the fruit and retained the trees when clearing for agriculture. Colonial botanists suggested that they should be cultivated.
The finger lime has been recently popularised as a gourmet bushfood. The globular juice vesicles have been likened to a "lime caviar", which can be used as a garnish or added to various recipes. The fresh vesicles have the effect of a burst of effervescent tangy flavour as they are chewed. The fruit juice is acidic and similar to that of a lime. Marmalade and pickles are also made from finger lime. The finger lime peel can be dried and used as a flavouring spice.
There is a wide range of different coloured variants of finger lime fruit, including green, yellow, orange, red, purple, black and brown. Finger lime is thought to have the widest range of colour variation within any *Citrus* species.
WIKIPEDIA:Citrus_australasica
http://langual.org
GRIN:24247
ITIS:506393
LANGUAL:B4305
PLANTS:MIAU4
http://eol.org/pages/483557
Microcitrus australasica (F. Muell.) Swingle
citrus australasica
microcitrus australasica
australian finger lime plant as food source
A hybrid cross of Finger Lime and a calomondin which is pear shaped and orange inside.
The Australian Sunrise lime is a seedling of a Faustrimedin (originally bred in California in 1911), a hybrid of the Finger lime (Citrus australasica) and the Calamondin (Citrus × microcarpa), itself a hybrid between the Nagami kumquat (Citrus japonica 'Nagami') and the sour mandarin (Citrus sunki). Australian Sunrise produces attractive golden-coloured fruit on an upright shrub to small tree, usually 2 to 3 m high and 1.5 to 2.5 m wide. Foliage is dark, glossy-green. The oval leaves are approximately 40 to 45 mm long by 20 to 30 mm wide.
The cream-coloured flowers occur in spring to early summer. Fruits ripen in winter, are pearshaped and usually 30 to 45 mm long by 20 to 40 mm wide. Seeds are small and plump.
Juice squeezed from the fruit has a sharp, clean flavour and a light "floral" aroma. The fruit may be eaten whole and like a kumquat, have a sharpish flesh and a sweet albedo and skin. They can be used in products such as in cordials, beverages, conserves, puree, pastes, sauces, marmalade, syrups and garnishes.[http://users.kymp.net/citruspages/australian.html#sunrise]
WIKIPEDIA:Australian_lime
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4306
http://eol.org/pages/4414
citrus × oliveri
australian sunrise lime plant as food source
*Argyrosomus* is a genus of fish in the drum family, *Sciaenidae*. They are large fish, with the largest, *Argyrosomus regius* growing up to 230 cm in length. They are commonly targeted as game fish.
WIKIPEDIA:Argyrosomus
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4307
http://eol.org/pages/23966
argyrosomus as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
AFNS 2009 37:354001
CEC 1993:708
FAO ASFIS:KOB
ITIS:646511
LANGUAL:B4308
http://eol.org/pages/213034
Argyrosomus hololepidotus
Argyrosomus hololepidotus (Lacepède, 1801)
Argyrosomus hololepidotus (Lacépède, 1801)
Argyrosomus hololepidotus Lacépède, 1802
madagascar meagre
southern meagre as food source
Grunters or tigerperches are fishes in the family *Terapontidae* (also spelled *Teraponidae*, *Theraponidae* or *Therapontidae*). They are found in shallow coastal waters in the Indian Ocean and western Pacific, where they live in saltwater, brackish and freshwater habitats. They grow up to 80 cm in length and feed on fishes, insects and other invertebrates.
When caught, grunters make the characteristic grunting sounds that give them their name.
WIKIPEDIA:Terapontidae
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4309
grunters
teraponidae
terapontidae
theraponidae
therapontidae
tigerperch
grunter family as food source
Silver perch (*Bidyanus bidyanus*) is a medium sized freshwater fish endemic to the Murray-Darling river system in south-eastern Australia. The scientific name comes from an aboriginal name for the species recorded by Major Mitchell on his 1832 expedition. It is not a perch, being a grunter in the family *Terapontidae*. It is the largest of the Australian grunters, capable of growing to 40 cm and 8 kg, more usually around 30 cm and up to 1.5 kg.
WIKIPEDIA:Bidyanus_bidyanus
http://langual.org
AFNS 2009 37:321008
FAO ASFIS:BYB
ITIS:168040
LANGUAL:B4310
http://eol.org/pages/205881
Bidyanus bidyanus (Mitchell 1838)
Bidyanus bidyanus (Mitchell, 1838)
Bidyanus bidyanus Mitchell, 1838
bidyan perch
bidyanus bidyanus
silver perch as food source
The *Sillaginidae*, commonly known as the smelt-whitings, whitings, sillaginids, sand borers and sand-smelts, are a family of benthic coastal marine fishes in the order Perciformes. The smelt-whitings inhabit a wide region covering much of the Indo-Pacific, from the west coast of Africa east to Japan and south to Australia. The family comprises only three genera and thirty one species, of which a number are dubious, with the last major revision of the family in 1992 unable to confirm the validity of a number of species. They are elongate, slightly compressed fish often light brown to silver in colour with a variety of markings and patterns on their upper body. The Sillaginidae are not related to a number of fishes commonly called 'whiting' in the Northern Hemisphere, including the fish originally called whiting, *Merlangius merlangus*.
WIKIPEDIA:Sillaginidae
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4311
sand borers
sand-smelts
sillaginidae
slillaginids
smelt whitings
smelt-whitings
whitings
sillago-whiting family as food source
The King George whiting, *Sillaginodes punctatus* (also known as the spotted whiting or spotted sillago), is a coastal marine fish of the smelt-whitings family *Sillaginidae*. The King George whiting is endemic to Australia, inhabiting the south coast of the country from Jurien Bay, Western Australia to Botany Bay, New South Wales in the east. The King George whiting is the only member of the genus *Sillaginodes* and the largest member of the smelt-whiting family *Sillaginidae*, growing to a length of 72 cm and 4.8 kg in weight. The species is readily distinguishable from other Australian whitings by its unique pattern of spots, as well as its highly elongate shape. King George whiting are often found in bays and protected waterways over sand and seagrass beds, also venturing out onto deep continental shelf reefs during adulthood. The species is a benthic carnivore, consuming a variety of crustaceans, polychaete worms, molluscs and fish. The King George whiting forms the basis of one of southern Australia's most important commercial fisheries, reportedly worth over five million Australian dollars per year. The species is also heavily targeted by recreational anglers, who value the whiting for its sporting and eating qualities.
WIKIPEDIA:Sillaginodes_punctatus
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
AFNS 2009 37:330001
FAO ASFIS:SIV
ITIS:551124
LANGUAL:B4312
http://eol.org/pages/214420
Sillaginodes punctata (Cuvier, 1829)
Sillaginodes punctata Cuvier, 1829
Sillaginodes punctatus
Sillaginodes punctatus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829)
australian whiting
sillaginodes punctatus
south australian whiting
spotted sillago
spotted whiting
king george whiting as food source
The blood orange is a variety of orange (Citrus sinensis) with crimson, almost-blood-colored flesh. The fruit is smaller than an average orange; its skin is usually pitted, but can be smooth. The distinctive dark flesh color is due to the presence of anthocyanins, a family of pigments common to many flowers and fruit, but uncommon in citrus fruits. The flesh develops its characteristic maroon color when the fruit develops with low temperatures during the night. Sometimes there is dark coloring on the exterior of the rind as well, depending on the variety of blood orange. The skin can also be more tough and harder to peel than other oranges.
While all oranges are likely of hybrid origin between the pomelo and the tangerine, blood oranges originated as a mutation of the sweet orange.
Within Europe, the Arancia Rossa di Sicilia (Red Orange of Sicily) has Protected Geographical Status.
WIKIPEDIA:Blood_orange
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8703
GRIN:10782
ITIS:28889
LANGUAL:B4313
MANSFELD:7673
PLANTS:CISI3
http://eol.org/pages/4414
Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck
Citrus ×sinensis (L.) Osbeck (pro sp.)
citrus sinensis
blood orange plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7309
GRIN:2244
ITIS:42720
LANGUAL:B4314
PLANTS:ALCE
http://eol.org/pages/1084354
Allium cepa L.
yellow onion plant as food source
http://langual.org
ISTA:
LANGUAL:B4315
http://eol.org/pages/8223
Avena byzantina K. Koch
avena byzantina
LanguaL curation note: Some sources (ITS, GRIN, and USDA PLANTS) list *RED OAT* ($i$Avena byzantina$/i$ K. Koch) as being a synonym of *COMMON OAT* ($i$Avena sativa$/i$ L.).
red oat plant as food source
Eleusine coracana, including African finger millet and caracan millet (koracan), is an annual plant widely grown as a cereal in the arid areas of Africa and Asia. E. coracana is native to the Ethiopian Highlands. It is very adaptable to higher elevations and is grown in the Himalaya up to 2,300 metres in elevation.
WIKIPEDIA:Eleusine_coracana
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9496
GRIN:14992
ITIS:41691
LANGUAL:B4316
PLANTS:ELCO3
http://eol.org/pages/1114925
Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.
eleusine coracana
finger millet plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:400470
LANGUAL:B4317
PLANTS:ELCOA
http://eol.org/pages/8223
Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. ssp. africana (Kennedy & O'Byrne) Hilu & de Wet
Eleusine coracana ssp. africana (Kennedy & O'Byrne) Hilu & de Wet
Eleusine coracana subsp. africana (Kenn.-O'Byrne) Hilu & de Wet
eleusine coracana ssp. africana
african finger millet plant as food source
Little Millet (Panicum sumatrense, Syn.: Panicum miliare auct. non Lam.) is a species of millet in the family Poaceae.
WIKIPEDIA:Panicum_sumatrense
http://langual.org
GRIN:103520
ITIS:506649
LANGUAL:B4318
PLANTS:PASU34
http://eol.org/pages/1115581
Panicum sumatrense Roth
Panicum sumatrense Roth ex Roem. & Schult.
Panicum sumatrense Roth ex Roemer & Schultes
panicum sumatrense
little millet plant as food source
Species belonging to the taxonomic group *Avena* spp.
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4319
avena spp.
oat plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:317845
ITIS:506954
LANGUAL:B4320
PLANTS:ECES
http://eol.org/pages/1115636
Echinochloa esculenta (A. Braun) H. Scholz
LanguaL curation note: *JAPANESE MILLET* may refer to Echinochloa esculenta or Echinochloa frumentacea according to ITIS.
japanese millet plant as food source
Tetraploid wheat species (28 chromosomes). Khorasan wheat is an ancient grain type. This grain is two times larger than modern-day wheat and is known for its rich nutty flavor. KAMUT is the product name for the wheat variety Q-77 of this species.
WIKIPEDIA:Kamut
http://langual.org
GRIN:406899
LANGUAL:B4321
PLANTS:TRTU3
http://eol.org/pages/8223
Triticum turanicum Jakubz.
Triticum turgidum subsp. turanicum (Jakubz.) A. Love & D. Love
kamut
khorasan wheat
oriental wheat plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8106
GRIN:105448
ITIS:530958
LANGUAL:B4322
PLANTS:BROLC2
http://eol.org/pages/4219
Brassica oleracea L. var. costata DC.
Brassica oleracea var. costata DC.
bedford cabbage
braganza
brassica oleracea var. costata
portuguese cole
tronchuda cabbage
tronchuda kale plant as food source
The silverskin onion is a small variety of the onion, *Allium cepa* L.
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7309
GRIN:2244
ITIS:42720
LANGUAL:B4323
PLANTS:ALCE
http://eol.org/pages/1084354
Allium cepa L.
allium cepa
pickling onion
silverskin onion plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:316541
ITIS:42635
LANGUAL:B4324
PLANTS:ALCA3
http://eol.org/pages/1084338
Allium canadense L.
allium canadense
canada onion
wild garlic
wild onion
canadian onion plant as food source
A beefsteak tomato (American English) or beef tomato (British English) is any of the largest varieties of cultivated tomatoes, some weighing 1 pound (450 g) or more.
WIKIPEDIA:Beefsteak_tomato
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:10985
GRIN:101442
ITIS:521671
ITIS:529044
LANGUAL:B4325
MANSFELD:6054
PLANTS:SOLY2
http://eol.org/pages/392557
Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.
Lycopersicon esculentum var. esculentum P. Mill.
Solanum lycopersicum L.
beefsteak tomato plant as food source
Corn salad is several species in the *Valeriana* genus (*Valerianella locusta* (Linnaeus), *Valerianella olitoria* (Moench), *Valeriana eriocarpa*, etc Desv. - the synonym Valeriana is obsolete but appears frequently in older texts). It is small dicot annual plants of the family *Valerianaceae*. It is also called Lewiston cornsalad, lamb's lettuce, fetticus, field salad, mâche, feldsalat, nut lettuce and rapunzel.
WIKIPEDIA:Cornsalad
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13747
GRIN:317121
LANGUAL:B4326
PLANTS:VALER2
http://eol.org/pages/4260
Valerianella
Valerianella Mill.
Valerianella P. Mill.
Valerianella sp.
valerianella spp.
cornsalad plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13751
GRIN:41091
ITIS:506066
LANGUAL:B4327
PLANTS:VAER2
http://eol.org/pages/484990
Valerianella eriocarpa Desv.
valerianella eriocarpa
italian cornsalad plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13750
GRIN:316856
ITIS:35390
LANGUAL:B4328
PLANTS:VADE3
http://eol.org/pages/467518
Valerianella dentata (L.) Pollich
valerianella dentata
narrowfruit cornsalad plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8653
GRIN:10543
ITIS:36763
LANGUAL:B4329
PLANTS:CIIN
http://eol.org/pages/467862
Cichorium intybus L.
cichorium intybus ssp. intybus
sugar loaf chicory plant as food source
*Salsola soda*, more commonly known in English as Opposite Leaved Saltwort, Oppositeleaf Russian Thistle, or Barilla Plant, is a small (to 0.7 m tall), annual, succulent shrub that is native to the Mediterranean Basin. It is a halophyte (a salt-tolerant plant) that typically grows in coastal regions and can be irrigated with salt water. The Italian name agretti is commonly used in English to refer to the edible leaves of *Salsola soda*.
WIKIPEDIA:Salsola_soda
http://langual.org
GRIN:32815
ITIS:504989
LANGUAL:B4330
PLANTS:SASO3
http://eol.org/pages/485330
Salsola soda L.
barilla plant
opposite leaved saltwort
oppositeleaf russian thistle
salsola soda
agretti plant as food source
*Kali turgida* (Synonym *Salsola kali* subsp. *kali*), commonly known as prickly saltwort, or prickly glasswort, is an annual plant that grows in salty sandy coastal soils.
Its distributional range is in Europe along the shores of Baltic Sea, North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. In the Mediterranean and at dry inland places it is replaced by Kali tragus, which is less tolerant to salty soils, and has spread from Eurasia to other continents. Kali turgida does not seem to occur as an introduced species in America.
WIKIPEDIA:Salsola_kali
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12759
GRIN:310094
ITIS:20655
LANGUAL:B4331
PLANTS:SAKA
PLANTS:SAKAK
PLANTS:SAKAP
http://eol.org/pages/585945
Salsola kali L.
Salsola kali L. ssp. kali
Salsola kali L. ssp. pontica (Pall.) Mosyakin
common saltwort
prickly russian thistle
russian thistle
tumbleweed
prickly saltwort plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:301022
LANGUAL:B4332
PLANTS:SALIC
Salicornia L.
Salicornia sp.
pickleweed
salicornia spp.
glasswort plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:412197
LANGUAL:B4333
Salicornia europaea L.
salicornia europaea
common glasswort plant as food source
Plantago major ("broadleaf plantain" or "greater plantain") is a species of Plantago, family Plantaginaceae. The plant is native to most of Europe and northern and central Asia,[1][2][3] but has widely naturalised elsewhere in the world.
Plantago major is one of the most abundant and widely distributed medicinal crops in the world. A poultice of the leaves can be applied to wounds, stings, and sores in order to facilitate healing and prevent infection.
WIKIPEDIA:Plantago_major
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12028
GRIN:28788
ITIS:32887
LANGUAL:B4334
PLANTS:PLMA2
http://eol.org/pages/579221
Plantago major L.
broadleaf plantain
common plantain
plantago major
greater plantain plant as food source
Gentiana lutea (Great Yellow Gentian) is a species of gentian native to the mountains of central and southern Europe. Other names include 'Yellow Gentian', 'Bitter Root', 'Bitterwort', 'Centiyane', and 'Genciana'.
Gentian root has a long history of use as a herbal bitter in the treatment of digestive disorders and is an ingredient of many proprietary medicines.
WIKIPEDIA:Gentiana_lutea
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9966
GRIN:17392
ITIS:505985
LANGUAL:B4335
PLANTS:GELU2
http://eol.org/pages/483956
Gentiana lutea L.
gentian, yellow
gentiana lutea
great yellow gentian
yellow gentian plant as food source
*Anetholea anisata* (Vickery) Peter G.Wilson (formerly *Syzygium anisatum*, *Backhousia anisata*), ringwood or aniseed tree is a rare Australian rainforest tree with an aromatic leaf that has an essential oil profile comparable to true aniseed. The leaf from cultivated plantations is used as a bushfood spice and distilled for the essential oil, and is known in the trade as aniseed myrtle or anise myrtle.
WIKIPEDIA:Syzygium_anisatum
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4338
anetholea anisata
aniseed tree
backhousia anisata
ringwood
syzygium anisatum
aniseed myrtle plant as food source
The kaffir lime (*Citrus × hystrix*, *Rutaceae*) is also known as combava, kieffer lime, limau purut, jeruk purut or makrut lime, Kabuyao (Cabuyao). It is a lime native to Indochinese and Malesian ecoregions in India, Laos, Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand, and adjacent countries. It is used in Southeast Asian cuisine.
WIKIPEDIA:Citrus_hystrix
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:8692
GRIN:10714
ITIS:825206
LANGUAL:B4339
PLANTS:CIHY2
http://eol.org/pages/2906075
Citrus hystrix DC.
citrus hystrix
mauritius papeda
papeda
kaffir lime plant as food source
*Backhousia citriodora* (common names lemon myrtle, lemon scented myrtle, lemon scented ironwood) is a flowering plant in the family *Myrtaceae*, genus *Backhousia*. It is endemic to subtropical rainforests of central and south-eastern Queensland, Australia, with a natural distribution from Mackay to Brisbane. Other common names are sweet verbena tree, sweet verbena myrtle, lemon scented verbena, and lemon scented backhousia.
WIKIPEDIA:Backhousia_citriodora
http://langual.org
GRIN:6250
LANGUAL:B4340
Backhousia citriodora F. Muell.
australian lemon myrtle
backhousia citriodora
lemon ironwood
lemon scented backhousia
lemon scented ironwood
lemon scented myrtle
lemon scented verbena
sweet verbena myrtle
sweet verbena tree
lemon myrtle plant as food source
Pennyroyal refers to two plants in the mint family, *Lamiaceae*. The European pennyroyal, *Mentha pulegium*, (also called Squaw Mint, Mosquito Plant, and Pudding Grass), is a plant in the mint genus, within the family *Lamiaceae*. Crushed Pennyroyal leaves exhibit a very strong fragrance similar to spearmint. Pennyroyal is a traditional culinary herb, folk remedy, and abortifacient. The essential oil of pennyroyal is used in aromatherapy, and is also high in pulegone, a highly toxic volatile organic compound affecting liver and uterine function.
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11152
GRIN:24079
ITIS:32270
LANGUAL:B4341
PLANTS:MEPU
http://eol.org/pages/579696
Mentha pulegium L.
mentha pulegium
pennyroyal
european pennyroyal plant as food source
*Satureja* is a genus of aromatic plants of the family *Lamiaceae*, related to rosemary and thyme. There are about 30 species called savories, of which Summer savory and Winter savory are the most important in cultivation.
WIKIPEDIA:Satureja
http://langual.org
GRIN:313197
LANGUAL:B4342
PLANTS:SATUR
http://eol.org/pages/4302
Satureja L.
Satureja sp.
satureja spp.
savory plant as food source
*Persicaria odorata*, the Vietnamese coriander, is an herb whose leaves are used in Southeast Asian cooking. Other English names for the herb include Vietnamese mint, Vietnamese cilantro, Cambodian mint and hot mint.
http://langual.org
GRIN:407755
LANGUAL:B4343
Persicaria odorata (Lour.) Sojak
cambodian mint
hot mint
persicaria odorata
vietnamese cilantro
vietnamese mint
vietnamese mint palm
vietnamese coriander plant as food source
The White ginger lily (*Hedychium coronarium*) is originally from the Himalayas region of Nepal and India where it is known as dolan champa.
WIKIPEDIA:Hedychium_coronarium
http://langual.org
GRIN:18576
ITIS:42396
LANGUAL:B4344
PLANTS:HECO11
http://eol.org/pages/1118165
Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig
Hedychium coronarium Koenig
hedychium coronarium
white ginger plant as food source
*Barbarea vulgaris*, also called as bittercress, herb barbara, rocketcress, yellow rocketcress, winter rocket, and wound rocket, is a biennial herb of the genus *Barbarea*, belonging to the family *Brassicaceae*.
WIKIPEDIA:Barbarea_vulgaris
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:7918
GRIN:6491
ITIS:22741
LANGUAL:B4345
PLANTS:BAVU
http://eol.org/pages/584058
Barbarea vulgaris Ait. f.
Barbarea vulgaris R.Br.
Barbarea vulgaris W. T. Aiton
Barbarea vulgaris W.T. Aiton
barbarea vulgaris
rocket cress
yellow rocket
winter cress plant as food source
*Astrocaryum vulgare* (common names Tucum or Tucumã-do-Pará in Brazil, Aouara in French Guiana, Wara awara in Guyana, awarra in Suriname, Chontilla in Ecuador) is a palm native to Amazon Rainforest vegetation, typical of the Pará state in Brazil. This plant has edible fruit, which are also used for biodiesel production. This plant is cited in Flora Brasiliensis by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius.[]
http://langual.org
GRIN:5941
LANGUAL:B4346
Astrocaryum vulgare Mart.
astrocaryum vulgare
awarra palm
tucuma
tucum plant as food source
*Schinus* is a genus of flowering trees and tall shrubs in the sumac family, *Anacardiaceae*. Members of the genus are commonly known as pepper trees.
WIKIPEDIA:Schinus
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12902
GRIN:300533
LANGUAL:B4347
PLANTS:SCHIN
http://eol.org/pages/4410
Schinus
Schinus L.
Schinus sp.
pepper tree
scinus spp.
peppertree plant as food source
Peruvian Pepper (*Schinus molle*, also known as American pepper, Peruvian peppertree, escobilla, false pepper, molle del Peru, pepper tree, peppercorn tree, Californian pepper tree, pirul and Peruvian mastic) is an evergreen tree that grows to 15 meters (50 feet). It is native to the Peruvian Andes. The bright pink fruits of Schinus molle are often sold as "pink peppercorns" although S. molle is unrelated to true pepper (Piper nigrum).
Although not related to commercial pepper (*Piper nigrum*) the pink/red berries, like the berries of its close relative the Brazilian pepper (*Schinus terebinthifolius*), are sold as pink peppercorns and often blended with commercial pepper.
WIKIPEDIA:Schinus_molle
http://langual.org
GRIN:70668
ITIS:28811
LANGUAL:B4348
PLANTS:SCMO
http://eol.org/pages/582275
Schinus molle L.
schinus molle
peruvian peppertree
West African Pepper, also known as Ashanti Pepper, Benin Pepper, False Cubeb, Guinea Cubeb, Uziza Pepper or (ambiguously) "Guinea pepper", called locally kale, kukauabe, masoro, sasema and soro wisa, is a West African spice that corresponds to the dried fruit of *Piper guineense*.
WIKIPEDIA:Piper_guineense
http://langual.org
GRIN:28582
ITIS:506522
LANGUAL:B4349
PLANTS:PIGU3
http://eol.org/pages/402261
Piper guineense Schumach. & Thonn.
Piper guineense Schumacher & Thonn.
Piper guineense Thonn.
ashanti pepper
benin pepper
guinea cubeb
piper guineense
west african pebber plant as food source
Cubeb (*Piper cubeba*), or tailed pepper, is a plant in genus *Piper, cultivated for its fruit and essential oil. It is mostly grown in Java and Sumatra, hence sometimes called Java pepper. The fruits are gathered before they are ripe, and carefully dried. Commercial cubebs consist of the dried berries, similar in appearance to black pepper, but with stalks attached - the "tails" in "tailed pepper".
WIKIPEDIA:Piper_cubeba
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11995
GRIN:28578
ITIS:506521
LANGUAL:B4350
PLANTS:PICU
http://eol.org/pages/491342
Piper cubeba L. f.
Piper cubeba L. fil.
java pepper
piper cubeba
tailed pepper
cubeb plant as food source
*Aleurites moluccana*, the Candlenut, is a flowering tree in the spurge family, *Euphorbiaceae*, also known as Candleberry, Indian walnut, Kemiri, Varnish tree, Nuez de la India, Buah keras or Kukui nut tree.
WIKIPEDIA:Aleurites_moluccana
http://langual.org
ITIS:28208
LANGUAL:B4351
PLANTS:ALMO2
http://eol.org/pages/4198
Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
aleurites moluccana
candleberry
indian walnut
kukui nut tree
varnish tree
candlenut plant as food source
This species is the chota or billi kichili of India and the Cleopatra mandarin of the United States. The tree is attractive, round-topped, symmetrical, and thornless, with small, dark-green leaves. The fruit is orange-red, small, oblate, and highly depressed at the apex, with thin, somewhat rough rind. The flesh texture is soft and juicy and the flavor is somewhat acid. Seeds are small, polyembryonic, and have green cotyledons.<br/>
Considered to be native to India and said to have been introduced into Florida from Jamaica sometime prior to 1888, Citrus reshni is increasingly important as a rootstock in the United States and elsewhere. It is an attractive ornamental and bears fruit the year round.[http://websites.lib.ucr.edu/agnic/webber/Vol1/Chapter4.html]
http://langual.org
GRIN:314357
LANGUAL:B4353
http://eol.org/pages/4414
Citrus reshni hort. ex Tanaka
citrus reshni
spice mandarin
cleopatra orange plant as food source
An orangelo (Spanish chironja) is a hybrid citrus fruit believed to have originated in Puerto Rico. The fruit, a cross between a grapefruit and an orange, had spontaneously appeared in the shade-providing trees grown on coffee plantations in the Puerto Rican highlands.
WIKIPEDIA:Orangelo
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4354
chironja
orangelo plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:314329
LANGUAL:B4355
http://eol.org/pages/4414
Citrus tankan Hayata
citrus tankan
tankan mandarin plant as food source
*Vaccinium virgatum* (commonly known as either rabbit-eye blueberry or southern black blueberry) is a species of blueberry native to the Southeastern United States, from North Carolina south to Florida and west to Texas.
WIKIPEDIA:Vaccinium_virgatum
http://langual.org
GRIN:41068
ITIS:505636
LANGUAL:B4356
PLANTS:VAVI2
http://eol.org/pages/4267
Vaccinium virgatum Ait.
Vaccinium virgatum Aiton
blueberry, rabbiteye
blueberry, smallflower
blueberry, southern black
smallflower blueberry
southern black blueberry
vaccinium virgatum
rabbiteye blueberry plant
*Sorbus* is a genus of about 100 - 200 species of trees and shrubs in the Rose family, *Rosaceae*. Species of *Sorbus* (s.l.) are commonly known as whitebeam, rowan, service tree, and mountain-ash.
WIKIPEDIA:Sorbus
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4357
http://eol.org/pages/29929
sorbus spp.
sorbus plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:407718
ITIS:502078
LANGUAL:B4358
PLANTS:DISI3
http://eol.org/pages/489615
Diospyros sintenisii (Krug & Urb.) Standl.
Diospyros sintenisii (Krug & Urban) Standl.
diospyros sintenisii
chinese persimmon plant as food source
The Bactrian camel (*Camelus bactrianus*) is a large, even-toed ungulate native to the steppes of central Asia. The Bactrian camel has two humps on its back, in contrast to the single-humped dromedary camel.
WIKIPEDIA:Camelus_bactrianus
http://langual.org
ITIS:625026
LANGUAL:B4359
MSW3:14200112
http://eol.org/pages/344581
Camelus bactrianus Linnaeus, 1758
camelus bactrianus
bactrian camel as food source
The dromedary camel or Arabian camel (*Camelus dromedarius*) is a large, even-toed ungulate with one hump on its back. It was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. The dromedary camel is the second largest member of the camel family after the larger Bactrian camel.
WIKIPEDIA:Camelus_dromedarius
http://langual.org
ITIS:625027
LANGUAL:B4360
MSW3:14200115
http://eol.org/pages/309019
Camelus dromedarius Linnaeus, 1758
arabian camel
camelus dromedarius
dromedary camel as food source
The mouflon (*Ovis aries orientalis* group) is a subspecies group of the wild sheep *Ovis aries*. Populations of *Ovis aries* can be partitioned into the mouflons (*orientalis* group) and urials or arkars (*vignei* group). The mouflon is thought to be one of the two ancestors for all modern domestic sheep breeds.
WIKIPEDIA:Ovis_aries_orientalis
http://langual.org
ITIS:552475
LANGUAL:B4361
MSW3:14200833
http://eol.org/pages/311906
Ovis aries Linnaeus, 1758
Ovis aries orientalis Gmelin, 1774
moufflon
ovis aries orientalis
mouflon as food source
A ratite is any of a diverse group of large, flightless birds of Gondwanan origin, most of them now extinct. There is still some controversy regarding the systematics involved. Some sources state that Ratites are synonymous with *Struthioiniformes*, while other sources state that Ratites are the same group, only that the order *Struthioniformes* contains only the Ostrich and possibly the Elephant Bird. Unlike other flightless birds, the ratites have no keel on their sternum - hence the name from the Latin ratis (for raft). Without this to anchor their wing muscles, they could not fly even if they were to develop suitable wings.
WIKIPEDIA:Ratite
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4362
http://eol.org/pages/8662
struthioniformes
ratite as food source
Kiwi are flightless birds endemic to New Zealand, in the genus *Apteryx* and family *Apterygidae*. At around the size of a domestic chicken, kiwi are by far the smallest living ratites and lay the largest egg in relation to their body size of any species of bird in the world.
WIKIPEDIA:Kiwi
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4363
http://eol.org/pages/8663
Apteryx Shaw, 1813
apteryx
kiwi as food source
The Northern Bobwhite, Virginia Quail or (in its home range) Bobwhite Quail (*Colinus virginianus*) is a ground-dwelling bird native to the United States, Mexico, and the Caribbean. It is a member of the group of species known as New World quails (*Odontophoridae*). They were initially placed with the Old World quails in the pheasant family (*Phasianidae*), but are not particularly closely related. The name "bobwhite" derives from its characteristic whistling call.
WIKIPEDIA:Bobwhite_Quail
http://langual.org
ITIS:175863
LANGUAL:B4364
http://eol.org/pages/1049187
Colinus virginianus (Linnaeus, 1758)
bobwhite quail
colinus virginianus
virginia quail
northern bobwhite as food source
The California Quail, *Callipepla californica*, also known as the California Valley Quail or Valley Quail, is a small ground-dwelling bird in the New World quail family. It is the state bird of California.
WIKIPEDIA:California_Quail
http://langual.org
ITIS:175876
LANGUAL:B4365
http://eol.org/pages/1049189
Callipepla californica (Shaw, 1798)
callipepla californica
california quail as food source
The Common Quail, *Coturnix coturnix*, is a small bird in the pheasant family *Phasianidae*. It is widespread and is found in parts of Europe, (should not be confused with the domesticated Japanese Quail, *Coturnix japonica*, original from Asia that although visually similar have very distinct calls).
WIKIPEDIA:Common_Quail
http://langual.org
ITIS:553871
LANGUAL:B4366
http://eol.org/pages/914847
Coturnix coturnix (Linnaeus, 1758)
coturnix coturnix
common quail as food source
The Mallard or Wild Duck (*Anas platyrhynchos*) is a dabbling duck which breeds throughout the temperate and subtropical Americas, Europe, Asia, and North Africa, and has been introduced to New Zealand and Australia. This duck belongs to the subfamily *Anatinae* of the waterfowl family *Anatidae*.
http://langual.org
ITIS:175063
LANGUAL:B4367
http://eol.org/pages/1047918
Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus, 1758
anas platyrhynchos
duck, wild
wild duck
mallard as food source
The Muscovy Duck (*Cairina moschata*) is a large duck native to Mexico, Central, and South America. Small wild and feral breeding populations have established themselves in the United States, particularly in the lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas, as well as in many other parts of North America, including southern Canada. Feral Muscovy Ducks have also been reported in parts of Europe.
WIKIPEDIA:Muscovy_Duck
http://langual.org
ITIS:175246
LANGUAL:B4368
http://eol.org/pages/1048537
Cairina moschata (Linnaeus, 1758)
barbary duck
cairina moschata
muscovy duck as food source
Pekin duck, or Long Island duck (*Anas platyrhynchos domestica*, or *Anas peking*), is a breed of domesticated duck used primarily for egg and meat production. It was bred from the Mallard in China.
WIKIPEDIA:Pekin_duck
http://langual.org
ITIS:175063
LANGUAL:B4369
http://eol.org/pages/1047918
Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus, 1758
anas platyrhynchos dom.
long island duck
pekin duck as food source
The Mulard (or Moulard) is a hybrid variety of domestic duck produced by crossing a female Pekin with a male Muscovy Duck. Since the domestic Pekin is descended from the Mallard Duck (*Anas platyrhynchos*) and the Muscovy (*Cairina moschata*) is a separate species, all Mulards are sterile F1 hybrids. Most are bred through artificial insemination, and are sometimes also called "mule ducks".
WIKIPEDIA:Mulard_duck
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4370
mule duck
mulard duck as food source
The red deer (*Cervus elaphus*) is one of the largest deer species. The red deer inhabits most of Europe, the Caucasus Mountains region, Asia Minor, parts of western Asia, and central Asia. It also inhabits the Atlas Mountains region between Morocco and Tunisia in northwestern Africa, being the only species of deer to inhabit Africa. Red deer have been introduced to other areas, including Australia, New Zealand and Argentina. In many parts of the world, the meat (venison) from red deer is used as a food source.
WIKIPEDIA:Red_deer
http://langual.org
ITIS:180695
LANGUAL:B4371
MSW3:14200352
http://eol.org/pages/328649
Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758
cervus elaphus
red deer as food source
*Aesculus turbinata*, common name "Japanese horse-chestnut" is native to Japan but cultivated elsewhere. It is a tree up to 30 m tall. Flowers are white to pale yellowish with red spots. Capsules are dark brown, obovoid to pyriform. The seeds were traditionally eaten, after leaching, by the Jomon people of Japan over about four millennia, until 300 AD.
WIKIPEDIA:Aesculus_turbinata
http://langual.org
GRIN:1637
ITIS:506070
LANGUAL:B4372
PLANTS:AETU
http://eol.org/pages/483851
Aesculus turbinata Blume
aesculus turbinata
japanese horse chestnut
japanese horse-chestnut plant as food source
*Vicia sativa*, known as the Common Vetch, Tare or simply "the vetch", is a nitrogen fixing leguminous plant. Although considered a weed when found growing in a cultivated grainfield, this hardy plant is often grown as green manure or livestock fodder.
WIKIPEDIA:Vicia_sativa
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13830
GRIN:300667
ITIS:26355
LANGUAL:B4373
PLANTS:VISA
http://eol.org/pages/703227
Vicia sativa L.
garden vetch
narrowleaf vetch
sweetpea (garden vetch)
vicia sativa
common vetch plant as food source
The biological subfamily Bovinae includes a diverse group of 10 genera of medium- to large-sized ungulates, including domestic cattle, the bison, African buffalo, the water buffalo, the yak, and the four-horned and spiral-horned antelopes. The evolutionary relationship between the members of the group is obscure, and their classification into loose tribes rather than formal subgroups reflects this uncertainty. General characteristics include cloven hoofs and usually at least one of the sexes of a species having true horns.
WIKIPEDIA:Bovinae
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4374
http://eol.org/pages/2851454
bovinae
bovine as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4375
http://eol.org/pages/103531
tragelaphus spp.
spiral-horned bovine as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:625128
LANGUAL:B4376
MSW3:14200727
http://eol.org/pages/1038786
Tragelaphus angasii Angas, 1848
Tragelaphus angasii Gray, 1849
tragelaphus angasii
nyala as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:625129
LANGUAL:B4377
MSW3:14200728
http://eol.org/pages/1038787
Tragelaphus buxtoni (Lydekker, 1910)
Tragelaphus buxtoni Lydekker, 1910
tragelaphus buxtoni
mountain nyala as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:625131
LANGUAL:B4378
MSW3:14200730
http://eol.org/pages/1038789
Tragelaphus imberbis (Blyth, 1869)
Tragelaphus imberbis Blyth, 1869
tragelaphus imberbis
lesser kudu as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:625134
LANGUAL:B4379
MSW3:14200746
http://eol.org/pages/1038792
Tragelaphus strepsiceros (Pallas, 1766)
Tragelaphus strepsiceros Pallas, 1766
tragelaphus strepsiceros
greater kudu as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:625122
LANGUAL:B4380
http://eol.org/pages/2851454
Bubalus mephistopheles Hopwood, 1925
bubalus mephistopheles
short-horned water buffalo as food source
A bovid (family *Bovidae*) is any of almost 140 species of cloven-hoofed, ruminant mammal which has males with characteristic unbranching horns covered in a permanent sheath of keratin.
The family is widespread, being native to Asia, Africa, Europe and North America, and diverse: members include bison, African buffalo, water buffalo, antelopes, gazelles, sheep, goats, muskoxen, and domestic cattle.
WIKIPEDIA:Bovidae
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4381
http://eol.org/pages/7687
bovidae
bovid as food source
Chinese mud carp (Cirrhinus chinensis) is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Cirrhinus. Chinese mud carp is an important food fish in Guangdong Province. It is also cultured in this area and Taiwan.
Cantonese and Shunde cuisines often use this fish to make fish balls and dumplings.
WIKIPEDIA:Cirrhinus_chinensis
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4382
http://eol.org/pages/3198
cirrhinus chinensis
chinese mud carp as food source
Alaska plaice (Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus) is a saltwater fish that live in the North Pacific Ocean. Like most flatfish, they live on the bottom of the continental shelf, up to 600 metres deep. Their geographic range is from the Gulf of Alaska in the east, to the Chukchi Sea in the north, to the Sea of Japan in the west.
WIKIPEDIA:Pleuronectes_quadrituberculatus
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
CEC 1993:1132
ITIS:172901
LANGUAL:B4383
http://eol.org/pages/221039
Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus
Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus Pallas, 1814
pleuronectes quadrituberculatus
alaska plaice as food source
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
FAO ASFIS:SCG
ITIS:79757
LANGUAL:B4384
http://eol.org/pages/449725
Patinopecten caurinus
Patinopecten caurinus (Gould 1850)
Patinopecten caurinus (Gould, 1850)
patinopecten caurinus
weathervane scallop as food source
The common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) is a large freshwater turtle of the family Chelydridae. Its natural range extends from southeastern Canada, southwest to the edge of the Rocky Mountains, as far east as Nova Scotia and Florida and as far southwest as northeastern Mexico. This species and the larger alligator snapping turtle are the only two species in this family found in North America (though the common snapping turtle, as its name implies, is much more widespread).
WIKIPEDIA:Chelydra_serpentina
http://langual.org
ITIS:173752
LANGUAL:B4385
http://eol.org/pages/795409
Chelydra serpentina (Linnaeus, 1758)
chelydra serpentina
snapping turtle as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4386
achatina
giant snail as food source
*Stevia* is a genus of about 240 species of herbs and shrubs in the sunflower family (Asteraceae), native to subtropical and tropical regions from western North America to South America. The species *Stevia rebaudiana*, commonly known as sweetleaf, sweet leaf, sugarleaf, or simply stevia, is widely grown for its sweet leaves. As a sweetener and sugar substitute, stevia's taste has a slower onset and longer duration than that of sugar, although some of its extracts may have a bitter or licorice-like aftertaste at high concentrations.
With its steviol glycoside extracts having up to 300 times the sweetness of sugar, stevia has garnered attention with the rise in demand for low-carbohydrate, low-sugar food alternatives.
WIKIPEDIA:Stevia_rebaudiana
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13323
GRIN:35581
ITIS:505914
LANGUAL:B4455
PLANTS:STRE2
http://eol.org/pages/483967
Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni
candyleaf
stevia rebaudiana
sugarleaf
sweet leaf
sweetleaf
stevia plant as food source
Cupuaçu (*Theobroma grandiflorum*), also spelled cupuassu, cupuazú, and copoasu, is a tropical rainforest tree related to cacao. Common throughout the Amazon basin, it is widely cultivated in the jungles of Colombia, Bolivia and Peru and in the north of Brazil, with the largest production in Pará, followed by Amazonas, Rondônia and Acre.
The white pulp of the cupuaçu is uniquely fragrant (described as a mix of chocolate and pineapple), and it contains theacrine (1,3,7,9-tetramethyluric acid) instead of the xanthines (caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline) found in cacao.[1] It is frequently used in desserts, juices and sweets. The juice tastes primarily like a pear, with a hint of banana.
WIKIPEDIA:Cupuacu
http://langual.org
GRIN:101891
ITIS:506108
LANGUAL:B4457
PLANTS:THGR7
http://eol.org/pages/482162
Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng.) K. Schum.
Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng.) Schum.
Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Sprengel) Schumann
theobroma grandiflorum
cupuaçu plant as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4459
cucumis species as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4460
cucurbitaceae
gourd/squash family as food source
*Byrsonima crassifolia* is a species of flowering plant in the acerola family, *Malpighiaceae*, that is native to tropical America. It is valued for its small, sweet, yellow fruit, which are strongly scented. Common names include nanche, nance, chacunga, changunga, craboo, kraabu, savanna serrette (or savanna serret) and golden spoon.
WIKIPEDIA:Byrsonima_crassifolia
http://langual.org
GRIN:8222
ITIS:29263
LANGUAL:B4461
PLANTS:BYCR
http://eol.org/pages/592366
Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth
byrsonima crassifolia
craboo
maricao cimun
nance
golden-spoon plant as food source
*Crescentia alata* (variously called Mexican Calabash, Jicaro, Morrito, Winged Calabash) is a species in the trumpet-flower family *Bignoniaceae*, native to southern Mexico and Central America south to Costa Rica. The seeds are edible and high in protein with a licorice-like sweet taste, used in Honduras, El Salvador and Nicaragua to make a kind of horchata called Semilla de Jicaro.
WIKIPEDIA:Morro_seed
http://langual.org
GRIN:12207
ITIS:506047
LANGUAL:B4462
PLANTS:CRAL11
http://eol.org/pages/483784
Crescentia alata Kunth
crescentia alata
jicaro
morro
tecomate
morrito plant as food source
*Nuphar lutea* (Yellow Water-lily) is an aquatic plant of the family *Nymphaeaceae*, native to temperate regions of Europe, northwest Africa, and western Asia.
Root - raw or cooked. The root can be soaked in water in order to remove a bitter taste. After long boiling, it has a taste like sheep's liver. The root can also be dried and ground into a powder then used as a thickener in soups, or can be added to cereal flours when making bread, cakes etc. Seed - raw or cooked. It can be roasted, then ground into a powder and eaten raw or used to thicken soups etc. The seed can also be toasted like popcorn. [http://www.pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?latinname=Nuphar+lutea]
WIKIPEDIA:Nuphar_lutea
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11411
GRIN:416165
ITIS:503968
LANGUAL:B4463
PLANTS:NULU
http://eol.org/pages/486680
Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm.
nuphar lutea
yellow water-lily
yellow pond lily plant as food source
The flowering tree *Crateva religiosa* (syn *Crataeva religiosa*, *Crateva adansonii*) is called the sacred garlic pear and temple plant, and many other names in a variety of dialects, including Balai Lamok, abiyuch, barna, varuna, and bidasi. The tree is sometimes called the spider tree because the showy flowers bear long, spidery stamens. It is native to Japan, Australia, much of Southeast Asia and several south Pacific islands. It is grown elsewhere for fruit, especially in parts of the African continent. The fruit of the tree is edible.
WIKIPEDIA:Crateva_religiosa
http://langual.org
GRIN:12158
ITIS:505883
LANGUAL:B4464
PLANTS:CRRE12
http://eol.org/pages/485000
Crateva religiosa Forster f.
Crateva religiosa G. Forst.
crateva religiosa
garlic-pear
sacred barma
sacred garlic-pear
templeplant
abiyuch plant as food source
Chordates, members of the phylum *Chordata*, are deuterostome animals possessing a notochord, a hollow dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, an endostyle, and a post-anal tail for at least some period of their life cycles. Taxonomically, the phylum includes the subphyla *Vertebrata*, including mammals, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds; *Tunicata*, including salps and sea squirts; and *Cephalochordata*, comprising the lancelets.
WIKIPEDIA:Chordate
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4465
http://eol.org/pages/694
chordata
chordate as food source
Tunicates, previously known as *Urochordata* or urochordates, are members of the *Tunicata*, a subphylum of the phylum *Chordata*. They are marine filter feeders with a saclike morphology. In their respiration and feeding they take in water through an incurrent (or inhalant) siphon and expel the filtered water through an excurrent (or exhalant) siphon. Most adult tunicates are sessile and attached to rocks or similarly suitable surfaces on the ocean floor; others such as salps, doliolids and pyrosomes swim in the pelagic zone as adults. Various species are commonly known as sea squirts or sea pork.
WIKIPEDIA:Tunicate
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4466
oopah
sea squirt
tunicata
tunicate as food source
*Ascidiacea* (commonly known as the ascidians or sea squirts) is a class in the Tunicata subphylum of sac-like marine invertebrate filter feeders. Ascidians are characterized by a tough outer "tunic" made of the polysaccharide tunicin, as compared to other tunicates which are less rigid.
WIKIPEDIA:Ascidiacea
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4467
http://eol.org/pages/1486
ascidiacea
sea squirts
ascidian as food source
The (North) American black bear (*Ursus americanus*) is a medium-sized bear native to North America. It is the continent's smallest and most common bear species. Although they all live in North America, American black bears are not closely related to brown bears and polar bears; genetic studies reveal that they split from a common ancestor 5.05 million years ago. Both American and Asiatic black bears are considered sister taxa, and are more closely related to each other than to other species of bear
WIKIPEDIA:Ursus_americanus
http://langual.org
ITIS:180544
LANGUAL:B4468
MSW3:14000953
http://eol.org/pages/328582
Ursus americanus Pallas, 1780
baribal
ursus americanus
american black bear as food source
The polar bear (*Ursus maritimus*) is a bear native largely within the Arctic Circle encompassing the Arctic Ocean, its surrounding seas and surrounding land masses. It is the world's largest land carnivore and also the largest bear, together with the omnivorous Kodiak Bear, which is approximately the same size. Although it is closely related to the brown bear, it has evolved to occupy a narrower ecological niche, with many body characteristics adapted for cold temperatures, for moving across snow, ice, and open water, and for hunting the seals which make up most of its diet.
WIKIPEDIA:Ursus_maritimus
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:BPL
ITIS:180542
LANGUAL:B4469
MSW3:14000987
http://eol.org/pages/328580
Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1774
ursus maritimus
polar bear as food source
The brown bear (*Ursus arctos*) is a large bear distributed across much of northern Eurasia and North America. Adult bears generally weigh between 100 and 635 kg (220 and 1,400 lb) and its largest subspecies, the Kodiak bear, rivals the polar bear as the largest member of the bear family and as the largest land-based predator. There are several recognized subspecies within the brown bear species. In North America, two types are generally recognized, the coastal brown bear and the inland grizzly bear, and the two types could broadly define all brown bear subspecies.
WIKIPEDIA:Brown_bear
http://langual.org
ITIS:180543
LANGUAL:B4470
MSW3:14000970
http://eol.org/pages/328581
Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758
ursus arctos
brown bear as food source
The Kodiak bear (*Ursus arctos middendorffi*), also known as the Kodiak brown bear or the Alaskan grizzly bear or American brown bear, occupies the islands of the Kodiak Archipelago in South-Western Alaska. Its name in the Alutiiq language is Taquka-aq. It is the largest subspecies of brown bear.
WIKIPEDIA:Kodiak_Bear
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4471
MSW3:14000982
http://eol.org/pages/7664
Ursus arctos middendorffi Merriam, 1896
taquka-aq
ursus arctos middendorffi
kodiak bear as food source
The grizzly bear (*Ursus arctos horribilis*), also known as the silvertip bear, the grizzly, or the North American brown bear, is a subspecies of brown bear (Ursus arctos) that generally lives in the uplands of western North America. This subspecies is thought to descend from Ussuri brown bears which crossed to Alaska from eastern Russia 100,000 years ago, though they did not move south until 13,000 years ago.
WIKIPEDIA:Grizzly_bear
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4472
MSW3:14000979
http://eol.org/pages/7664
Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815
grizzly
north american brown bear
silvertip bear
ursus arctos horribilis
grizzly bear as food source
The California golden bear or California grizzly (*Ursus arctos californicus*) is an extinct subspecies of the brown bear. The California golden bear disappeared from the state of California in 1922, when the last one was shot in Tulare County. In 1866, a grizzly weighing 2,200 pounds was killed in Valley Center, California, the largest grizzly killed in California.
WIKIPEDIA:California_golden_bear
http://langual.org
ITIS:726987
LANGUAL:B4473
MSW3:14000974
http://eol.org/pages/7664
Ursus arctos californicus Merriam, 1896
ursus arctos californicus
california golden bear as food source
Vaccinium ovalifolium (commonly known as Alaska blueberry, early blueberry, oval-leaf bilberry, oval-leaf blueberry, and oval-leaf huckleberry) is a plant in the heath family having three varieties, all of which grow in northerly regions, including the subarctic.
WIKIPEDIA:Vaccinium_ovalifolium
http://langual.org
GRIN:41045
ITIS:23576
ITIS:23607
LANGUAL:B4474
PLANTS:VAAL3
PLANTS:VAOV
http://eol.org/pages/583635
Vaccinium alaskaense Howell
Vaccinium alaskaense T.J. Howell
Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.
oval-leaf bilberry
oval-leaf blueberry
oval-leaf huckleberry
vaccinium alaskaense
vaccinium ovalifolium
alaska blueberry plant
*Typha angustifolia* L., ( also Lesser Bulrush or Narrowleaf Cattail or Lesser Reedmace), is a perennial herbaceous plant of genus *Typha*. This cattail is an "obligate wetland" species that is commonly found in the northern hemisphere in brackish locations. Several parts of the plant are edible, including during various seasons the dormant sprouts on roots and bases of leaves, the inner core of the stalk, green bloom spikes, ripe pollen, and starchy roots. The edible stem is called bòn bòn in Vietnam.
WIKIPEDIA:Typha_angustifolia
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13704
GRIN:40799
ITIS:42325
LANGUAL:B4475
PLANTS:TYAN
http://eol.org/pages/526430
Typha angustifolia L.
lesser bulrush
lesser reedmace
narrow-leaf cat-tail
narrowleaf cattail
typha angustifolia
narrowleaf cattail plant as food source
Chitons are small to large marine molluscs in the class *Polyplacophora*, which formerly was known as *Amphineura*. There are approximately 940 extant and 430 fossil species recognized. These molluscs are also sometimes commonly known as sea cradles or "coat-of-mail shells". They are also sometimes referred to more formally as loricates, polyplacophorans, and rarely as polyplacophores. Chitons have a dorsal shell which is composed of eight separate shell plates or valves. These plates overlap somewhat at the front and back edges, and yet the plates articulate well with one another.
WIKIPEDIA:Polyplacophora
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4476
http://eol.org/pages/2680
amphineura
chiton
chíton
loricate
polplacophore
polyplacophora
polyplacophoran as food source
*Katharina tunicata* (Wood, 1815) is commonly known as the Black Katy chiton, Black Leather chiton, Black chiton, or Leather chiton. Capable of growing up to 12 cm, the animal is generally described as being football-shaped with a black leathery girdle in which are embedded eight protective plates. The parts of the plates that are visible are sometimes (but not always) diamond-shaped in outline. The underside of the animal is dull orange or yellow.
WIKIPEDIA:Katharina_tunicata
http://langual.org
ITIS:78979
LANGUAL:B4477
http://eol.org/pages/450283
Katharina tunicata (W. Wood, 1815)
black chiton
black leather chiton
gumboots
katharina tunicata
leather chiton
leathery chiton
black katy chiton as food source
*Viburnum edule$&i, the squashberry, mooseberry, pembina, pimbina, highbush cranberry, lowbush cranberry or moosomin in Cree language, is a small shrub species.
WIKIPEDIA:Viburnum_edule
http://langual.org
GRIN:41348
ITIS:35261
LANGUAL:B4478
PLANTS:VIED
http://eol.org/pages/490019
Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.
highbush cranberry
lowbush cranberry
mooseberry
moosomin
pembina
pimbina
viburnum edule
squashberry plant
The White-winged Scoter (Melanitta deglandi) or (Melanitta fusca deglandi) is a large sea duck.
WIKIPEDIA:White-winged_scoter
http://langual.org
ITIS:175165
LANGUAL:B4479
http://eol.org/pages/8027
Melanitta fusca deglandi (Bonaparte, 1850)
melanitta deglandi
melanitta fusca deglandi
white-winged scoter as food source
The Velvet Scoter (*Melanitta fusca*), also called a Velvet Duck or whitewing (not to be confused with the white-winged scoter), is a large sea duck, which breeds over the far north of Europe and Asia west of the Yenisey basin. A small, isolated population nests in eastern Turkey. The East Siberian and North American White-winged Scoter is sometimes considered conspecific with the Velvet Scoter, and its two constituent subspecies are then known as *M. f. stejnegeri* and *M. f. deglandi*. Velvet and White-winged Scoter, along with the Surf Scoter, are placed in the subgenus *Melanitta*, distinct from the subgenus *Oidemia*, Black and Common Scoters.
http://langual.org
ITIS:175163
LANGUAL:B4480
http://eol.org/pages/1048996
Melanitta fusca (Linnaeus, 1758)
melanitta fusca
velvet scoter as food source
*Umbridae* (mudminnows) are a family of *Actinopterygii*, ray-finned fish that inhabit freshwater environments in temperate regions across the Northern Hemisphere. They are generally small fish, with the largest species reaching 33 centimetres (13 in) in length, and most less than half that.
WIKIPEDIA:Umbridae
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4481
http://eol.org/pages/5508
umbridae
mudminnow family as food source
Alaska blackfish are found in swamps, ponds, lakes, and streams with vegetation for cover, in tundra and forested locations not far inland. Their range includes Alaska and the Bering Sea islands. Alaska Natives once ate these fish and fed them to their dogs, catching them in the fall and freezing them for use over winter.
WIKIPEDIA:Dallia_pectoralis
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:DAP
ITIS:162159
LANGUAL:B4482
http://eol.org/pages/1012685
Dallia pectoralis Bean, 1880
dallia pectoralis
alaska blackfish as food source
*Hedysarum alpinum* is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common name alpine sweetvetch. It has a circumpolar distribution, occurring throughout the northern latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. In North America it is widespread in Canada and the northernmost United States, including Alaska.
WIKIPEDIA:Hedysarum_alpinum
http://langual.org
GRIN:18594
ITIS:26723
LANGUAL:B4483
PLANTS:HEAL
http://eol.org/pages/703939
Hedysarum alpinum L.
hedysarum alpinum
alpine sweetvetch plant as food source
*Enteroctopus dofleini*, also known as the giant Pacific octopus or North Pacific giant octopus, is a large cephalopod belonging to the genus *Enteroctopus*.
WIKIPEDIA:Enteroctopus_dofleini
http://langual.org
ITIS:557227
LANGUAL:B4484
http://eol.org/pages/486386
Enteroctopus dofleini (Wülker, 1910)
enteroctopus dofleini
north pacific giant octopus
giant pacific octopus as food source
The bearded seal (*Erignathus barbatus*), also called the square flipper seal, is a medium-sized pinniped that is found in and near to the Arctic Ocean. Bearded seals are a primary food source for polar bears and for the Inuit of the Arctic coast. The Inuktitut name for the seal is Ugyuk or Oogrook or Oogruk.
WIKIPEDIA:Bearded_seal
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1430
FAO ASFIS:SEB
ITIS:180655
LANGUAL:B4485
MSW3:14001032
http://eol.org/pages/328631
Erignathus barbatus (Erxleben, 1777)
Erignathus barbatus Erxleben, 1777
erignathus barbatus
oogruk
square flipper seal
squareflipper
ugruk
bearded seal as food source
The beluga or white whale, *Delphinapterus leucas*, is an Arctic and sub-Arctic cetacean. It is one of two members of the family *Monodontidae*, along with the narwhal, and the only member of the genus *Delphinapterus*. This marine mammal is commonly referred to simply as the beluga or sea canary due to its high-pitched twitter. Using the term "white whale" to refer to belugas is, in the strictest sense, erroneous, as the term "whale" is usually applied to the *Mysticeti* (baleen whales) and not to toothed cetaceans which belong to the suborder *Odontoceti*, which also includes dolphins and porpoises. ]
WIKIPEDIA:Beluga_whale
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1460
FAO ASFIS:BEL
ITIS:180483
LANGUAL:B4486
MSW3:14300105
http://eol.org/pages/328541
Delphinapterus leucas (Pallas, 1776)
Delphinapterus leucas Pallas, 1776
delphinapterus leucas
white whale
beluga whale as food source
The spotted seal (*Phoca largha*, *Phoca vitulina largha*), also known as the larga or largha seal, is a member of the family *Phocidae*, and is considered a "true seal". It inhabits ice floes and waters of the north Pacific Ocean and adjacent seas.
WIKIPEDIA:Spotted_seal
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:SST
ITIS:180642
LANGUAL:B4487
MSW3:14001059
http://eol.org/pages/328628
Phoca largha (Pallas, 1811)
Phoca largha Pallas, 1811
larga seal
phoca largha
phoca vitulina largha
spotted seal as food source
The bowhead whale (*Balaena mysticetus*) is a baleen whale of the right whale family *Balaenidae*, in suborder *Mysticeti* and genus *Balaena*. It lives entirely in fertile Arctic and sub-Arctic waters, unlike other whales that migrate to feed or reproduce to low latitude waters. It was also known as Greenland right whale or Arctic whale. American whalemen called it the steeple-top, polar whale, or Russia or Russian whale.
WIKIPEDIA:Balaena_mysticetus
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1468
FAO ASFIS:BMY
ITIS:180533
LANGUAL:B4488
MSW3:14300005
http://eol.org/pages/328577
Balaena mysticetus Linnaeus, 1758
arctic right whale
balaena mysticetus
black right whale
bowhead whale
great polar whale
greenland right whale
bowhead whale as food source
Owls are a group of birds that belong to the order *Strigiformes*, constituting 200 extant bird of prey species. Most are solitary and nocturnal, with some exceptions (e.g., the Northern Hawk Owl). Owls hunt mostly small mammals, insects, and other birds, although a few species specialize in hunting fish. They are found in all regions of the Earth except Antarctica, most of Greenland and some remote islands. Though owls are typically solitary, the literary collective noun for a group of owls is a parliament. Owls are characterized by their small beaks and wide faces, and are divided into two families: the typical owls, *Strigidae*; and the barn-owls, *Tytonidae*.
WIKIPEDIA:Strigiformes
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4489
http://eol.org/pages/696
strigiformes
owl order as food source
True owl or Typical owl (family *Strigidae*) are one of the two generally accepted families of Owls, the other being the barn owls (*Tytonidae*). The Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy unites the *Caprimulgiformes* with the owl order; here, the typical owls are a subfamily *Strigidae*. This is unsupported by more recent research (see *Cypselomorphae* for details), but the relationships of the owls in general are still unresolved. This large family comprises around 189 living species in 25 genera. The typical owls have a cosmopolitan distribution and are found on every continent except Antarctica.
WIKIPEDIA:Strigidae
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4490
http://eol.org/pages/8660
strigidae
typical owl family as food source
The Great Horned Owl, (*Bubo virginianus*), also known as the Tiger Owl, is a large owl native to the Americas. It is an adaptable bird with a vast range and is the most widely distributed true owl in the Americas.
WIKIPEDIA:Bubo_virginianus
http://langual.org
ITIS:177884
LANGUAL:B4491
http://eol.org/pages/914958
Bubo virginianus (Gmelin, 1788)
bubo virginianus
great horned owl as food source
*Opuntia polyacantha* is a common species of cactus known by the common names plains pricklypear, hairspine cactus, panhandle pricklypear, and starvation pricklypear. It is native to North America, where it is widespread in western Canada, the central and western United States, and northern Mexico.
WIKIPEDIA:Opuntia_polyacantha
http://langual.org
GRIN:314437
ITIS:19726
LANGUAL:B4492
PLANTS:OPPO
http://eol.org/pages/592880
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
hairspine cactus
opuntia polyacantha
panhandle pricklypear
starvation prickle
starvation pricklypear
plains pricklypear plant as food source
*Psoralea esculenta* (prairie turnip) is an herbaceous perennial plant native to prairies and dry woodlands of central North America, which bears a starchy tuberous root edible as a root vegetable. The plant is also known as *Pediomelum esculenta*. English names for the plant include tipsin, teepsenee, breadroot, breadroot scurf pea, and pomme blanche. The prairie turnip was a staple food of the Plains Indians.
WIKIPEDIA:Prairie_Turnip
http://langual.org
GRIN:312047
ITIS:504177
LANGUAL:B4493
PLANTS:PEES
http://eol.org/pages/639008
Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.
breadroot
pediomelum esculentum
prairie-turnip
psoralea esculenta
prairie turnip plant as food source
The *Polygonaceae* are a family of flowering plants known informally as the knotweed family or smartweed-buckwheat family in the United States. The name is based on the genus *Polygonum*, and was first used by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in 1789 in his book, Genera Plantarum. The name refers to the many swollen nodes the stems of some species have. It is derived from Greek; poly means many and goni means knee or joint.
WIKIPEDIA:Polygonaceae
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4494
http://eol.org/pages/4364
polygonaceae
smartweed-buckwheat family
knotweed family as food source
[]
http://langual.org
GRIN:455714
ITIS:20870
LANGUAL:B4495
PLANTS:POAL11
http://eol.org/pages/4364
Aconogonon alaskanum (Small) Sojak
Polygonum alpinum All.
aconogonon alaskanum
polygonum alaskanum
alaska wild rhubarb plant as food source
*Pangium edule* (Indonesian: keluak or keluwak;Malay: kepayang) is a tall tree native to the mangrove swamps of Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia and Papua New Guinea). It produces a large poisonous fruit (the "football fruit") which can be made edible by fermentation. In Singapore and Malaysia, the seeds are best known as an essential ingredient in ayam (chicken) or babi (pork) buah keluak, a mainstay of Peranakan cuisine. Alternatively, the kernels may be ground up to form a thick black gravy called rawan (or rawon in parts of Indonesia).
WIKIPEDIA:Pangium_edule
http://langual.org
GRIN:26427
LANGUAL:B4496
PLANTS:PAED4
Pangium edule Reinw.
Pangium edule Reinw. ex Blume
pangium edule
rowal
pangium edule plant as food source
The Steller sea lion (*Eumetopias jubatus*) also known as the northern sea lion and Steller's sea lion, is a near threatened species of sea lion in the northern Pacific.
WIKIPEDIA:Eumetopias_jubatus
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1424
FAO ASFIS:SSL
ITIS:180625
LANGUAL:B4497
MSW3:14001011
http://eol.org/pages/328617
Eumetopias jubatus (Schreber 1776)
Eumetopias jubatus (Schreber, 1776)
Eumetopias jubatus Schreber, 1776
eumetopias jubatus
northern sea lion
steller sea lion as food source
The ringed seal (Pusa hispida), also known as the jar seal and as netsik or nattiq by the Inuit, is an earless seal (family: Phocidae) inhabiting the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions... Ringed seals occur throughout the Arctic Ocean. They can be found in the Baltic Sea, the Bering Sea and the Hudson Bay. They prefer to rest on ice floe and will move farther north for denser ice. One subspecies can be found in freshwater.
WIKIPEDIA:Pusa_hispida
http://langual.org
ITIS:622018
LANGUAL:B4498
http://eol.org/pages/1052724
Pusa hispida (Schreber, 1775)
jar seal
pusa hispida
ringed seal as food source
*Rumex arcticus*, commonly known as Arctic Dock or Sourdock, is a perennial flowering plant that is native to Alaska. Its leaves are an important part of the diet of native Alaskans such as the Yupik people, who include it in various dishes such as akutaq.
WIKIPEDIA:Rumex_arcticus
http://langual.org
GRIN:448242
ITIS:20935
LANGUAL:B4499
PLANTS:RUAR6
http://eol.org/pages/585264
Rumex arcticus Trautv.
rumex arcticus
sourdock
arctic dock plant as food source
*Spermophilus* is a genus of ground squirrels in the family *Sciuridae*. The majority of ground squirrel species, over 40 in total, are usually placed in this genus. However, *Spermophilus* in the broad sense has been found to be paraphyletic to the certainly distinct prairie dogs, marmots, and antelope squirrels, so it has been split into several genera by Kristofer Helgen and colleagues.
WIKIPEDIA:Spermophilus
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4500
http://eol.org/pages/15104
spermophilus
ground squirrel as food source
The Arctic ground squirrel (*Urocitellus parryii*) is a species of ground squirrel native to the Arctic. People in Alaska, particularly around the Aleutians, refer to them as "Parka" (pronounced "par'kee") squirrels. probably because their pelt is good for making the fur edging on the hoods of Parka style jackets.
WIKIPEDIA:Spermophilus_parryii
http://langual.org
ITIS:180146
LANGUAL:B4501
http://eol.org/pages/8703
Spermophilus parryii (Richardson, 1825)
spermophilus parryii
urocitellus parryii
arctic ground squirrel as food source
*Salix pulchra* is a species of flowering plant in the willow family, known by the common names diamondleaf willow, tealeaf willow, and thin red willow. It is native to northern North America, where it occurs in Alaska, Yukon, the Northwest Territories, and Nunavut. The species is also found in northern British Columbia, and occurs in Russia. *Salix pulchra* is one of the least bitter-tasting willows in Alaska, and in the springtime, young leaves may be harvested for human consumption. The leaves and shoots were eaten by the Eskimo raw and dried, or stored in seal oil for future use. The leaves were also used to brew tea and make soup. At Nunivak Island, parts of this plant were chewed to treat ailments such as mouth sores and pain. This willow also provides a good source of vitamin C.
WIKIPEDIA:Salix_pulchra
http://langual.org
ITIS:22488
LANGUAL:B4502
PLANTS:SAPU15
http://eol.org/pages/585411
Salix pulchra Cham.
salix pulchra
tealeaf willow plant as food source
Hedge mustard (*Sisymbrium officinale*) is a plant in the family *Brassicaceae*. It is found on roadsides and wasteland, and as a weed of arable land. A native of Europe and North Africa, it is now well-established throughout the world.
It is distinct from the Mustard plants which belong to the genus Brassica.
WIKIPEDIA:Hedge_mustard
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13132
GRIN:34458
ITIS:23316
LANGUAL:B4503
PLANTS:SIOF
http://eol.org/pages/583773
Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop.
sisymbrium officinale
hedge mustard plant as food source
*Xanthosoma brasiliense* (Desf.) Engl. This particular taro was developed for its yield of edible leaves and stems rather than its roots. Food: the leaves and leaf stems are eaten as a cooked, green vegetable; the stems are widely used as a celery substitute in tropical areas. [http://greenharvest.com.au/Plants/Information/TahitianSpinach.html]
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13952
GRIN:42083
ITIS:42583
LANGUAL:B4504
PLANTS:XABR
http://eol.org/pages/1127778
Xanthosoma brasiliense (Desf.) Engl.
tahitian taro
xanthosoma brasiliense
tahitian spinach plant as food source
Pattypan squash, sunburst squash, cibleme in Cajun French, white squash, scallopini or yellow squash in Australian English, is a summer squash (species *Cucurbita pepo*) notable for its small size, round and shallow shape, and scalloped edges, somewhat resembling a small toy top, or flying saucer.
WIKIPEDIA:Pattypan_squash
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4505
pattypan squash
scallop squash plant as food source
*Corylus cornuta* Marsh. is a deciduous shrubby hazel found in most of North America, from southern Canada south to Georgia and California. *Corylus cornuta* is named from its fruit, which is a nut enclosed in a husk with a tubular extension 2-4 cm (0.79-1.6 in) long that resembles a beak. Tiny filaments protrude from the husk and may stick into, and irritate, skin that contacts them. The spherical nuts, which are surrounded by a hard shell, are edible. There are two varieties: *Corylus cornuta* var. *cornuta* - Eastern Beaked Hazel; small shrub, 4 to 6 m tall; 'beak' longer, 3 cm or more. *Corylus cornuta* var. *californica* - Western Beaked Hazel or California Hazelnut; large shrub, 4 to 15 m tall; 'beak' shorter, usually less than 3 cm.
WIKIPEDIA:Corylus_cornuta
http://langual.org
ITIS:19507
LANGUAL:B4506
PLANTS:COCO6
PLANTS:COCOC
PLANTS:COCOC2
http://eol.org/pages/1147594
Corylus cornuta Marsh.
Corylus cornuta Marsh. var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp
Corylus cornuta Marsh. var. cornuta
beaked hazelnut
corylus cornuta
western hazel
beaked hazel plant as food source
Blue corn (also known as Hopi maize) is a variety of Flint maize grown in northern Mexico and the Southwestern United States, particularly in the states of Arizona and New Mexico.
It was originally developed by the Hopi, and remains an essential part of Hopi dishes like piki bread.Blue corn meal is a corn meal that is ground from whole blue corn and has a sweet flavor. It is also a staple of New Mexican cuisine.
In addition to its sharply different color, blue corn has several nutritional advantages over standard yellow or white corn varieties. It contains 20% more protein and has a lower glycemic index than white corn. When used to make tortillas, blue corn produces a sweeter, nuttier taste than yellow or white corn, and is a more complete protein source. A certain technique is used to grind the blue maize and make it release niacin.
WIKIPEDIA:Blue_corn
http://langual.org
GRIN:311987
LANGUAL:B4507
http://eol.org/pages/8223
Zea mays ssp. mays L.
Zea mays subsp. mays
hopi maize
zea mays indurata (not acc.)
zea mays ssp. mays
blue corn plant as food source
*Eriophorum* (cottongrass, cotton-grass or cottonsedge) is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the family *Cyperaceae*, the sedge family. They are found throughout the temperate Northern Hemisphere in acid bog habitats, being particularly abundant in Arctic tundra regions.
WIKIPEDIA:Cottongrass
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4508
cotton-grass
cottonsedge
eriophorum
mouse nuts
cottongrass plant as food source
The southern lemon sole, *Pelotretis flavilatus*, is a righteye flounder, the only species in the genus *Pelotretis*, found around New Zealand in enclosed waters such as estuaries, harbours, mudflats, and sandflats, in waters less than 385 m in depth. Their length is from 25 to 50 cm.
WIKIPEDIA:Pelotretis_flavilatus
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
AFNS 2009 37:461796
FAO ASFIS:EOL
ITIS:172951
LANGUAL:B4512
http://eol.org/pages/214951
Pelotretis flavilatus
Pelotretis flavilatus Waite, 1911
flounder
pelotretis flavilatus
southern lemon sole
new zealand lemon sole as food source
*Cycas rumphii*, commonly known as queen sago or the queen sago palm, is a dioecious gymnosperm, a species of cycad in the genus *Cycas* native to Indonesia, New Guinea and Christmas Island. Although palm-like in appearance, it is not a palm.
WIKIPEDIA:Cycas_rumphii
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:9084
GRIN:12728
ITIS:899532
LANGUAL:B4513
http://eol.org/pages/630988
Cycas rumphii Miq.
cykas circinalis
cykas rumphii
false sago palm
queen sago
queen sago palm
ceylon sago palm plant as food source
Choy sum or choi sum also known as the Chinese Flowering Cabbage, literally means vegetable heart in Cantonese if directly translated. Chinese Flowering Cabbage (*Brassica rapa* var. *parachinensis* or *Brassica chinensis* var. *parachinensis*) is a member of the *Brassica* genus and the *Brassicaceae* (mustard) family.
WIKIPEDIA:Choy_sum
http://langual.org
GRIN:319637
LANGUAL:B4514
http://eol.org/pages/4219
Brassica rapa var. parachinensis (L. H. Bailey) Hanelt
brassica rapa var. parachinensis
chinese flowering cabbage
choisum
false pak-choi
flowering white cabbage
mock pak-choi
choy sum plant as food source
Tatsoi (*Brassica narinosa* or *Brassica rapa* var. *rosularis*), also called Spinach mustard, Spoon mustard, or Rosette bok choy, is an Asian variety of *Brassica rapa* grown for greens. This plant has become popular in North American cuisine as well, and is now grown throughout the world.
WIKIPEDIA:Tatsoi
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4515
brassica narinosa
brassica rapa var. rosularis
spinach mustard
spoon mustard
tatsoi plant as food source
Buttercup squash is one of the most common varieties of this winter squash, with a turban shape (a flattish top and dark green skin), weighing three to five pounds, and normally heavy with dense, yellow-orange flesh.
WIKIPEDIA:Cucurbita_maxima
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4516
cucurbita maxima var. buttercup
buttercup squash plant as food source
*Typha latifolia* (bulrush, common bulrush, broadleaf cattail, common cattail, great reedmace, cooper's reed, cumbungi) is a perennial herbaceous plant in the genus *Typha*. It is found as a native plant species in North and South America, Europe, Eurasia, and Africa.
WIKIPEDIA:Typha_latifolia
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:13705
GRIN:101629
ITIS:42326
LANGUAL:B4517
PLANTS:TYLA
http://eol.org/pages/526590
Typha latifolia L.
broadleaf cattail
bulrush
common bulrush
typha latifolia
common cattail plant as food source
*Prunus virginiana*, commonly called bitter-berry, chokecherry, Virginia bird cherry and western chokecherry (also western chokecherry for *Prunus virginiana* var. *demissa*), is a species of bird cherry (*Prunus* subgenus *Padus*) native to North America; the natural historic range of *Prunus virginiana* includes most of the continent, except for the far north and far south.
WIKIPEDIA:Prunus_virginiana
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12304
GRIN:30151
ITIS:24806
LANGUAL:B4518
PLANTS:PRVI
http://eol.org/pages/630083
Prunus virginiana L.
bitter-berry
chokeberry
prunus virginiana
virginia bird cherry
virginia chokeberry
common chokeberry plant
http://langual.org
GRIN:30152
ITIS:529893
LANGUAL:B4519
PLANTS:PRVID
http://eol.org/pages/8097
Prunus virginiana L. var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.
Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.
black chokeberry
prunus virginiana var. demissa
western chokeberry plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:32081
ITIS:24815
LANGUAL:B4520
PLANTS:ROAR3
http://eol.org/pages/631611
Rosa arkansana Porter
arkansas rose
prairie rose
prairie wildrose
rosa arkansana
rosa pratincola
wild rose
prairie rose plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12615
GRIN:5351
ITIS:24827
LANGUAL:B4521
PLANTS:ROGA
http://eol.org/pages/635719
Rosa gallica L.
apothecary rose
hungarian rose
officinal rose
red rose
red-rose-of-lancaster
rosa gallica
french rose plant as food source
*Collocalia* is a genus of swifts, containing some of the smaller species termed "swiftlets". Formerly a catch-all genus for these, a number of its erstwhile members are now normally (though not by all authors) placed in *Aerodramus*.
WIKIPEDIA:Collocalia
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4522
http://eol.org/pages/18077
aerodramus
collocalia
swiftlet as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4523
http://eol.org/pages/8023
apodidae
swift as food source
The Edible-nest Swiftlet (*Aerodramus fuciphagus*) is a small bird of the swift family which is found in South-east Asia. Its nest is made of solidified saliva and is used to make bird's nest soup.
WIKIPEDIA:Collocalia_fuciphaga
http://langual.org
ITIS:554970
LANGUAL:B4524
http://eol.org/pages/1048602
Aerodramus fuciphagus (Thunberg, 1812)
aerodramus fuciphagus
collocalia fuciphaga
edible-nest swiftlet as food source
American ginseng (*Panax quinquefolius*) is a herbaceous perennial plant in the ivy family, commonly used as Chinese or herbal medicine. An extract is sold as Cold-fX. It is native to eastern North America, though it is also cultivated in places such as China.
WIKIPEDIA:American_ginseng
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11606
GRIN:26381
ITIS:29399
LANGUAL:B4525
PLANTS:PAQU
http://eol.org/pages/1153392
Panax quinquefolius L.
panax quinquefolius
american ginseng plant as food source
*Panax ginseng* is available commercially as fresh, red, and white ginsengs; wild ginseng is used where available.
WIKIPEDIA:Panax_ginseng
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11602
GRIN:26379
ITIS:505938
LANGUAL:B4526
PLANTS:PAGI2
http://eol.org/pages/1153396
Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.
Panax ginseng C.A. Mey.
Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.
asian ginseng
asiatic ginseng
korean ginseng
manchurian ginseng
oriental ginseng
panax ginseng
chinese ginseng plant as food source
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11603
GRIN:102778
ITIS:822354
LANGUAL:B4527
http://eol.org/pages/1153395
Panax japonicus (T. Nees) C. A. Mey.
Panax japonicus (T. Nees) C.A. Mey.
Panax japonicus C.A.Mey
panax japonicus
japanese ginseng plant as food source
Marrowfat peas are green mature peas that have been allowed to dry out naturally in the field, rather than be harvested whilst still young like the normal garden pea. They are used to make mushy peas and also the snack food wasabi peas.
Marrowfat is a traditional, starchy, large-seeded variety of pea (*Pisum sativum* var. *medullare*). The word was coined around 1730 from marrow + fat.
WIKIPEDIA:Marrowfat_pea
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:12013
LANGUAL:B4528
http://eol.org/pages/4277
Pisum sativum L. convar. medullare Alef.
pisum sativum var. medullare
marrowfat pea plant as food source
http://langual.org
GRIN:8810
ITIS:506411
LANGUAL:B4529
PLANTS:CAAL31
http://eol.org/pages/483517
Canarium album (Lour.) Raeusch.
Canarium album (Lour.) Rausch.
canarium album
chinese white olive plant as food source
*Phyllanthus emblica* (syn. *Emblica officinalis*), the Indian gooseberry ... is a deciduous tree of the family *Phyllanthaceae*. It is known for its edible fruit of the same name.
WIKIPEDIA:Phyllanthus_emblica
http://langual.org
DPNL 2003:11883
GRIN:28119
ITIS:504352
LANGUAL:B4530
PLANTS:PHEM2
http://eol.org/pages/1153040
Phyllanthus emblica L.
aonla
emblic
emblic myrobalan
indian-gooseberry
phyllanthus emblica
indian gooseberry tree
*Sepiola atlantica*, also known as the Atlantic bobtail, is a species of bobtail squid native to the northeastern Atlantic Ocean (65ºN to 35ºN), from Iceland, the Faroe Islands and western Norway to the Moroccan coast. There is a single record of this species from the Mediterranean Sea.
WIKIPEDIA:Sepiola_atlantica
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:IOT
ITIS:82357
LANGUAL:B4531
http://eol.org/pages/448833
Sepiola atlantica D'Orbigny, 1839-1842
Sepiola atlantica dOrbigny, 1839
little cuttle
sepiola atlantica
atlantic bobtail as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4532
http://eol.org/pages/2333
sepiolidae
bobtail squid as food source
*Dipteryx alata* (Baru) is a species of legume in the family *Fabaceae*. It is a large tree, usually referred to as "Baruzeiro" (Baru tree) in Portuguese and its fruits or almond-like beans are known as Baru. Other names besides Baru are Cumaru, Cumbaru, Barujo, Coco-feijão, Cumarurana, Emburena-brava, Feijão-coco, and Pau-cumaru.$br/ $
It is found only in the Cerrado region of Brazil, and the Chiquitano region of eastern Bolivia, and is threatened by habitat loss. Historically it has been used as lumber, for charcoal production and for shade in pastures. The fruits are used as feed for cattle bovine and are also an important food source for small mammals, rodents, birds, bats, etc. They are also consumed by people.
WIKIPEDIA:Dipteryx_alata
http://langual.org
GRIN:317431
LANGUAL:B4544
Dipteryx alata Vogel
barujo
coco-feijão
cumaru
cumarurana
cumbaru
dipteryx alata
emburena-brava
feijão-coco
pau-cumaru
baru plant as food source
Caryocar brasiliense, known as Pequi or "souari nut", like its congeners, is an edible fruit popular in some areas of Brazil, especially in Brazil's center-west region.
WIKIPEDIA:Caryocar_brasiliense
http://langual.org
GRIN:100466
ITIS:506783
LANGUAL:B4545
PLANTS:CABR36
http://eol.org/pages/392753
Caryocar brasiliense Cambess.
caryocar brasiliense
souari nut
pequi plant as food source
*Anacardium othonianum* is a tree native from the tropical savanna (cerrado) region of Brazil, whose fruit is similar to (but smaller than) that of the common cashew tree (*Anacardium occidentale*) of the Brazilian Northeast. It is locally known by the Tupi-derived name cajuí, and by the Portuguese names caju-de-árvore-do-cerrado ("tree cashew of the cerrado"),[1] caju-vermelho-de-goiás ("red cashew from Goiás"),[2] cajuzinho-do-cerrado or just cajuzinho ("little cashew").
<SCINAM>Anacardium othonianum Rizzini [The Plant List, KEW-2635918]
WIKIPEDIA:Anacardium_othonianum
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4546
anacardium othonianum
caju-de-árvore-do-cerrado
cajuzinho
cajuzinho-do-cerrado
cajuí
little cashew
caju-docerrado plant as food source
The rheas are large ratites (flightless birds without a keel on their sternum bone) in the order *Rheiformes*, native to South America, related to the ostrich and emu. There are two extant species: the greater or American rhea and the lesser or Darwin's rhea.
WIKIPEDIA:Rhea_(bird)
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4556
pterocnemia pennata
rhea americana
rheidae
rhea as food source
http://langual.org
ITIS:174379
LANGUAL:B4557
http://eol.org/pages/1178370
Rhea americana (Linnaeus, 1758)
american rhea
rhea americana
greater rhea as food source
Darwin's rhea (*Rhea pennata*), also known as the lesser rhea, is a large flightless bird, but the smaller of the two extant species of rheas. It is found in the Altiplano and Patagonia in South America.
WIKIPEDIA:Darwin%27s_rhea
http://langual.org
ITIS:696083
LANGUAL:B4558
http://eol.org/pages/130164
Pterocnemia pennata (Orbigny, 1834)
darwin's rhea
pterocnemia pennata
rhea pennata
lesser rhea as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4559
http://eol.org/pages/5386
bonytongues
osteoglossiformes
fish, osteoglossiform as food source
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4560
http://eol.org/pages/5391
hiodontidae
mooneye
mooneye family as food source
The goldeye, *Hiodon alosoides*, is a species of fish in the mooneye family (Hiodontidae). It occurs from as far down the Mackenzie River as Aklavik in the north to Mississippi in the south, and from Alberta in the west to Ohio south of the Great Lakes, with an isolated population south of James Bay. It is notable for a conspicuous golden iris in the eyes.
WIKIPEDIA:Goldeye
http://langual.org
2010 FDA Seafood List:
ITIS:161905
LANGUAL:B4561
http://eol.org/pages/994821
Hiodon alosoides
Hiodon alosoides (Rafinesque, 1819)
hiodon alosoides
laquaiche aux yeux d'or
goldeye as food source
The muskox (*Ovibos moschatus*, also spelled musk ox and musk-ox) is an Arctic mammal of the family Bovidae, noted for its thick coat and for the strong odor emitted during the seasonal rut by males, from which its name derives.
WIKIPEDIA:Muskox
http://langual.org
ITIS:180708
LANGUAL:B4562
MSW3:14200813
http://eol.org/pages/328656
Ovibos moschatus (Zimmermann, 1780)
Ovibos moschatus Zimmermann, 1780
musk ox
musk-ox
ovibos moschatus
muskox as food source
The narwhal, or narwhale (Monodon monoceros), is a medium-sized toothed whale and possesses a large "tusk" from a protruding canine tooth. It lives year-round in the Arctic waters around Greenland, Canada, and Russia. It is one of two living species of whale in the Monodontidae family, along with the beluga whale. The narwhal males are distinguished by a long, straight, helical tusk, which is an elongated upper left canine.
WIKIPEDIA:Narwhal
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1461
FAO ASFIS:NAR
ITIS:180485
LANGUAL:B4563
MSW3:14300107
http://eol.org/pages/328542
Monodon monoceros Linnaeus, 1758
monodon monoceros
narwhale
unicorn whale
narwhal as food source
The harp seal or saddleback seal is a species of earless seal native to the northernmost Atlantic Ocean and parts of the Arctic Ocean.
WIKIPEDIA:Harp_seal
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1433
ITIS:622022
LANGUAL:B4564
MSW3:14001057
http://eol.org/pages/1052720
Pagophilus groenlandicus (Erxleben, 1777)
Pagophilus groenlandicus Erxleben, 1777
pagophilus groenlandicus
saddleback seal
harp seal as food source
The fulmars are tubenosed seabirds of the family *Procellariidae*. The family consists of two extant species and two extinct fossils from the Miocene.</br>The northern fulmar (*Fulmarus glacialis*) or just fulmar lives in the North Atlantic and North Pacific, whereas the southern fulmar, (*Fulmarus glacialoides*) is, as its name implies, a bird of the Southern Ocean. Fulmars superficially resemble gulls, but are readily distinguished by their flight on stiff wings, and their tube noses. They breed on cliffs, laying a single egg on a ledge of bare rock. Outside the breeding season, they are pelagic, feeding on fish, squid and shrimp in the open ocean.
WIKIPEDIA:Fulmar
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4565
http://eol.org/pages/19855
fulmarus spp.
fulmar as food source
The northern fulmar (*Fulmarus glacialis*), fulmar, or Arctic fulmar is a highly abundant sea bird found primarily in subarctic regions of the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans. Fulmars come in one of two color morphs: a light one which is almost entirely white, and a dark one which is uniformly gray. Though similar in appearance to gulls, fulmars are in fact members of the *Procellariidae* family, which include petrels and shearwaters. It and the southern fulmar (*Fulmarus glacialodes*) together comprise the only extant species in the genus Fulmarus.
WIKIPEDIA:Northern_fulmar
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:FNO
ITIS:174536
LANGUAL:B4566
http://eol.org/pages/1047350
Fulmarus glacialis (Linnaeus, 1761)
arctic fulmar
fulmarus glacialis
northern fulmar as food source
The southern fulmar (*Fulmarus glacialoides*) is a seabird of the Southern Hemisphere. Along with the northern fulmar, *Fulmarus glacialis*, it belongs to the fulmar genus *Fulmarus* in the family *Procellariidae*, the true petrels. It is also known as the Antarctic fulmar or silver-grey fulmar.
WIKIPEDIA:Southern_fulmar
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:FUG
ITIS:174540
LANGUAL:B4567
http://eol.org/pages/1049463
Fulmarus glacialoides (A. Smith, 1840)
antarctic fulmar
fulmarus glacialoides
silver-grey fulmar
southern fulmar as food source
The black-headed gull (*Chroicocephalus ridibundus*) is a small gull which breeds in much of Europe and Asia, and also in coastal eastern Canada.
WIKIPEDIA:Black-headed_gull
http://langual.org
ITIS:824041
LANGUAL:B4568
http://eol.org/pages/1049595
Chroicocephalus ridibundus (Linnaeus, 1766)
chroicocephalus ridibundus
common black-headed gull
black-headed gull as food source
The lesser black-backed gull (*Larus fuscus*) is a large gull that breeds on the Atlantic coasts of Europe. It is migratory, wintering from the British Isles south to West Africa. It is a regular winter visitor to the east coast of North America, probably from the breeding population in Iceland.
WIKIPEDIA:Lesser_black-backed_gull
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:LOW
ITIS:176821
LANGUAL:B4569
http://eol.org/pages/1049580
Larus fuscus Linnaeus, 1758
larus fuscus
lesser black-backed gull as food source
The great black-backed gull (*Larus marinus*), also known as the greater black-backed gull or, informally, as the black-back, is the largest member of the gull family. It breeds on the European and North American coasts and islands of the North Atlantic and is fairly sedentary, though some black-backs move farther south or inland to large lakes or reservoirs.
WIKIPEDIA:Great_black-backed_gull
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:LVU
ITIS:176815
LANGUAL:B4570
http://eol.org/pages/1049577
Larus marinus Linnaeus, 1758
greater black-backed gull
larus marinus
great black-backed gull as food source
Balaenoptera, from the Latin *balaena* (whale) and *pteron* (fin), is a genus of *Balaenopteridae*, the rorquals, and contains eight extant species. The species *Balaenoptera omurai* was published in 2003. *Balaenoptera* is the most diverse genus of its family, the only other member being the Humpback Whale, *Megaptera novaeangliae*.
WIKIPEDIA:Balaenoptera
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:B4571
http://eol.org/pages/7660
balaenoptera spp.
baleen whale
finback whale
rorquals
minke whale as food source
The common minke whale or northern minke whale (*Balaenoptera acutorostrata*) is a species of minke whale within the suborder of baleen whales. It is the smallest member of the rorquals and the second smallest species of baleen whale. Although first ignored by whalers due to its small size and low oil yield, it began to be exploited by various countries beginning in the early 20th century. As other species declined larger numbers of common minke whales were caught, largely for their meat. It is now one of the primary targets of the whaling industry. There is a dwarf form in the Southern Hemisphere.
WIKIPEDIA:Common_minke_whale
http://langual.org
CEC 1993:1462
FAO ASFIS:MIW
ITIS:180524
LANGUAL:B4572
MSW3:14300012
http://eol.org/pages/328570
Balaenoptera acutorostrata Lacepède, 1804
Balaenoptera acutorostrata Lacépède, 1800
Balaenoptera acutorostrata Lacépède, 1804
balaenoptera acutorostrata
common minke whale
minke whale
northern minke whale as food source
The Antarctic minke whale or southern minke whale (*Balaenoptera bonaerensis*) is a species of minke whale within the suborder of baleen whales. It is the second smallest rorqual after the common minke whale and the third smallest baleen whale. Although first scientifically described in the mid-19th century, it wasn't recognized as a distinct species until the 1990s. Once ignored by whalers due to its small size and low oil yield, it is now one of the mainstays of the whaling industry alongside its cosmopolitan counterpart the common minke. It is the most abundant baleen whale in the world, numbering in the hundreds of thousands. It is primarily restricted to the Southern Hemisphere (although vagrants have been reported in the North Atlantic) and feeds mainly on euphausiids.
WIKIPEDIA:Antarctic_minke_whale
http://langual.org
FAO ASFIS:BFW
ITIS:612592
LANGUAL:B4573
MSW3:14300013
http://eol.org/pages/1053500
Balaenoptera bonaerensis Burmeister, 1867
balaenoptera bonaerensis
southern minke whale
antarctic minke whale as food source
The methods contributing to the prevention or retardation of microbial, enzymatic or oxidative spoilage and thus to the extension of shelf life. Index all methods for which information is available, even if a corresponding descriptor has already been used in *H. TREATMENT APPLIED*. Preservation descriptors refer to the finished food as a whole with these exceptions: (1) if the components of a multi-component food, such as cream pie, are preservation by different methods, index all methods; (2) if chemical preservatives are declared on the label, always index them even if it is known that the preservative was introduced through or is only present in a component or ingredient of the food; and (3) if the preservation method for an ingredient is declared on the label (such as brie cheese made from pasteurized milk) index it. Also use *INGREDIENT preservation by THERMAL PROCESSING* or *INGREDIENT preservation by IRRADIATION* when ingredients have been pasteurized, ultrapasteurized, sterilized or irradiated.
http://langual.org
LANGUAL:J0107
food preservation process
The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by multicellular organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
digestion
biological_process
Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end.
biological process
biological_process
hemopoiesis
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myeloid and lymphoid derived organ/tissue systems of the blood and other parts of the body over time, from formation to the mature structure. The site of hemopoiesis is variable during development, but occurs primarily in bone marrow or kidney in many adult vertebrates.
hemopoiesis
multicellular organismal process
Insulin resistance
Increased resistance towards insulin, that is, diminished effectiveness of insulin in reducing blood glucose levels.
Insulin resistance
An abnormality in the of lipid metabolism.
HP:0003611
MSH:D050171
SNOMEDCT_US:370992007
UMLS:C0242339
UMLS:C4025650
human_phenotype
Dyslipidemia
HP:0003119
According to CHEBI:18059 'Lipids' is a loosely defined term for substances of biological origin that are soluble in nonpolar solvents. They consist of saponifiable lipids, such as glycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids, as well as nonsaponifiable lipids, principally steroids.
Abnormality of lipid metabolism
conditional specification
a directive information entity that specifies what should happen if the trigger condition is fulfilled
PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch
OBI branch derived
OBI_0000349
conditional specification
measurement unit label
Examples of measurement unit labels are liters, inches, weight per volume.
A measurement unit label is as a label that is part of a scalar measurement datum and denotes a unit of measure.
2009-03-16: provenance: a term measurement unit was
proposed for OBI (OBI_0000176) , edited by Chris Stoeckert and
Cristian Cocos, and subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for
which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definition
of this, different, term.
2009-03-16: review of this term done during during the OBI workshop winter 2009 and the current definition was considered acceptable for use in OBI. If there is a need to modify this definition please notify OBI.
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON: Melanie Courtot
measurement unit label
objective specification
In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction.
a directive information entity that describes an intended process endpoint. When part of a plan specification the concretization is realized in a planned process in which the bearer tries to effect the world so that the process endpoint is achieved.
2009-03-16: original definition when imported from OBI read: "objective is an non realizable information entity which can serve as that proper part of a plan towards which the realization of the plan is directed."
2014-03-31: In the example of usage ("In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction") there is a protocol which is the ChIP assay protocol. In addition to being concretized on paper, the protocol can be concretized as a realizable entity, such as a plan that inheres in a person. The objective specification is the part that says that some protein and DNA interactions are identified. This is a specification of a process endpoint: the boundary in the process before which they are not identified and after which they are. During the realization of the plan, the goal is to get to the point of having the interactions, and participants in the realization of the plan try to do that.
Answers the question, why did you do this experiment?
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON: Barry Smith
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
PERSON: Jennifer Fostel
goal specification
OBI Plan and Planned Process/Roles Branch
OBI_0000217
true
objective specification
action specification
Pour the contents of flask 1 into flask 2
a directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will take
Alan Ruttenberg
OBI Plan and Planned Process branch
action specification
datum label
A label is a symbol that is part of some other datum and is used to either partially define the denotation of that datum or to provide a means for identifying the datum as a member of the set of data with the same label
http://www.golovchenko.org/cgi-bin/wnsearch?q=label#4n
GROUP: IAO
9/22/11 BP: changed the rdfs:label for this class from 'label' to 'datum label' to convey that this class is not intended to cover all kinds of labels (stickers, radiolabels, etc.), and not even all kind of textual labels, but rather the kind of labels occuring in a datum.
datum label
journal article
Examples are articles published in the journals, Nature and Science. The content can often be cited by reference to a paper based encoding, e.g. Authors, Title of article, Journal name, date or year of publication, volume and page number.
a report that is published in a journal
person:Alan Ruttenberg
person:Chris Stoeckert
OBI_0000159
group:OBI
journal article
data item
Data items include counts of things, analyte concentrations, and statistical summaries.
a data item is an information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements.
2/2/2009 Alan and Bjoern discussing FACS run output data. This is a data item because it is about the cell population. Each element records an event and is typically further composed a set of measurment data items that record the fluorescent intensity stimulated by one of the lasers.
2009-03-16: data item deliberatly ambiguous: we merged data set and datum to be one entity, not knowing how to define singular versus plural. So data item is more general than datum.
2009-03-16: removed datum as alternative term as datum specifically refers to singular form, and is thus not an exact synonym.
2014-03-31: See discussion at http://odontomachus.wordpress.com/2014/03/30/aboutness-objects-propositions/
JAR: datum -- well, this will be very tricky to define, but maybe some
information-like stuff that might be put into a computer and that is
meant, by someone, to denote and/or to be interpreted by some
process... I would include lists, tables, sentences... I think I might
defer to Barry, or to Brian Cantwell Smith
JAR: A data item is an approximately justified approximately true approximate belief
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert
PERSON: Jonathan Rees
data
data item
symbol
a serial number such as "12324X"
a stop sign
a written proper name such as "OBI"
An information content entity that is a mark(s) or character(s) used as a conventional representation of another entity.
20091104, MC: this needs work and will most probably change
2014-03-31: We would like to have a deeper analysis of 'mark' and 'sign' in the future (see https://code.google.com/p/information-artifact-ontology/issues/detail?id=154).
PERSON: James A. Overton
PERSON: Jonathan Rees
based on Oxford English Dictionary
symbol
information content entity
Examples of information content entites include journal articles, data, graphical layouts, and graphs.
A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing.
2014-03-10: The use of "thing" is intended to be general enough to include universals and configurations (see https://groups.google.com/d/msg/information-ontology/GBxvYZCk1oc/-L6B5fSBBTQJ).
information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some digital_entity in obi before split (040907). information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some physical_document in obi before split (040907).
Previous. An information content entity is a non-realizable information entity that 'is encoded in' some digital or physical entity.
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert
OBI_0000142
information content entity
1
1
scalar measurement datum
10 feet. 3 ml.
a scalar measurement datum is a measurement datum that is composed of two parts, numerals and a unit label.
2009-03-16: we decided to keep datum singular in scalar measurement datum, as in
this case we explicitly refer to the singular form
Would write this as: has_part some 'measurement unit label' and has_part some numeral and has_part exactly 2, except for the fact that this won't let us take advantage of OWL reasoning over the numbers. Instead use has measurment value property to represent the same. Use has measurement unit label (subproperty of has_part) so we can easily say that there is only one of them.
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON: Melanie Courtot
scalar measurement datum
directive information entity
An information content entity whose concretizations indicate to their bearer how to realize them in a process.
2009-03-16: provenance: a term realizable information entity was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000337) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was "is the specification of a process that can be concretized and realized by an actor" with alternative term "instruction".It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term.
2013-05-30 Alan Ruttenberg: What differentiates a directive information entity from an information concretization is that it can have concretizations that are either qualities or realizable entities. The concretizations that are realizable entities are created when an individual chooses to take up the direction, i.e. has the intention to (try to) realize it.
8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: Changed label from "information entity about a realizable" after discussions at ICBO
Werner pushed back on calling it realizable information entity as it isn't realizable. However this name isn't right either. An example would be a recipe. The realizable entity would be a plan, but the information entity isn't about the plan, it, once concretized, *is* the plan. -Alan
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
directive information entity
graph
A diagram that presents one or more tuples of information by mapping those tuples in to a two dimensional space in a non arbitrary way.
PERSON: Lawrence Hunter
person:Alan Ruttenberg
person:Allyson Lister
OBI_0000240
group:OBI
graph
rule
example to be added
a rule is an executable which guides, defines, restricts actions
MSI
PRS
OBI_0500021
PRS
rule
algorithm
PMID: 18378114.Genomics. 2008 Mar 28. LINKGEN: A new algorithm to process data in genetic linkage studies.
A plan specification which describes the inputs and output of mathematical functions as well as workflow of execution for achieving an predefined objective. Algorithms are realized usually by means of implementation as computer programs for execution by automata.
Philippe Rocca-Serra
PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch
OBI_0000270
adapted from discussion on OBI list (Matthew Pocock, Christian Cocos, Alan Ruttenberg)
algorithm
curation status specification
The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value.
Better to represent curation as a process with parts and then relate labels to that process (in IAO meeting)
PERSON:Bill Bug
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
OBI_0000266
curation status specification
report
Examples of reports are gene lists and investigation reports. These are not published (journal) articles but may be included in a journal article.
a document assembled by an author for the purpose of providing information for the audience. A report is the output of a documenting process and has the objective to be consumed by a specific audience. Topic of the report is on something that has completed. A report is not a single figure. Examples of reports are journal article, patent application, grant progress report, case report (not patient record)
2009-03-16: comment from Darren Natale: I am slightly uneasy with the sentence "Topic of the report is on
something that has completed." Should it be restricted to those things
that are completed? For example, a progress report is (usually) about
something that definitely has *not* been completed, or may include
(only) projections. I think the definition would not suffer if the
whole sentence is deleted.
2009-03-16: this was report of results with definition: A report is a narrative object that is a formal statement of the results of an investigation, or of any matter on which definite information is required, made by some person or body instructed or required to do so.
2009-03-16: work has been done on this term during during the OBI workshop winter 2009 and the current definition was considered acceptable for use in OBI. If there is a need to modify this definition please notify OBI.
2009-08-10 Alan Ruttenberg: Larry Hunter suggests that this be obsoleted and replaced by 'document'. Alan restored as there are OBI dependencies and this merits further discussion
disagreement about where reports go. alan: only some gene lists are reports. Is a report all the content of some document? The example of usage suggests that a report may be part of some article. Term needs clarification
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON: Melanie Courtot
PERSON:Chris Stoeckert
GROUP: OBI
OBI_0000099
report
data set
Intensity values in a CEL file or from multiple CEL files comprise a data set (as opposed to the CEL files themselves).
A data item that is an aggregate of other data items of the same type that have something in common. Averages and distributions can be determined for data sets.
2009/10/23 Alan Ruttenberg. The intention is that this term represent collections of like data. So this isn't for, e.g. the whole contents of a cel file, which includes parameters, metadata etc. This is more like java arrays of a certain rather specific type
2014-05-05: Data sets are aggregates and thus must include two or more data items. We have chosen not to add logical axioms to make this restriction.
person:Allyson Lister
person:Chris Stoeckert
OBI_0000042
group:OBI
data set
data about an ontology part
data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
data about an ontology part
plan specification
PMID: 18323827.Nat Med. 2008 Mar;14(3):226.New plan proposed to help resolve conflicting medical advice.
A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts that, when concretized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified.
2009-03-16: provenance: a term a plan was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000344) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was " a plan is a specification of a process that is realized by an actor to achieve the objective specified as part of the plan". It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term.
2014-03-31: A plan specification can have other parts, such as conditional specifications.
Alternative previous definition: a plan is a set of instructions that specify how an objective should be achieved
Alan Ruttenberg
OBI Plan and Planned Process branch
OBI_0000344
2/3/2009 Comment from OBI review.
Action specification not well enough specified.
Conditional specification not well enough specified.
Question whether all plan specifications have objective specifications.
Request that IAO either clarify these or change definitions not to use them
plan specification
measurement datum
Examples of measurement data are the recoding of the weight of a mouse as {40,mass,"grams"}, the recording of an observation of the behavior of the mouse {,process,"agitated"}, the recording of the expression level of a gene as measured through the process of microarray experiment {3.4,luminosity,}.
A measurement datum is an information content entity that is a recording of the output of a measurement such as produced by a device.
2/2/2009 is_specified_output of some assay?
person:Chris Stoeckert
OBI_0000305
group:OBI
measurement datum
version number
A version number is an information content entity which is a sequence of characters borne by part of each of a class of manufactured products or its packaging and indicates its order within a set of other products having the same name.
Note: we feel that at the moment we are happy with a general version number, and that we will subclass as needed in the future. For example, see 7. genome sequence version
GROUP: IAO
version number
conclusion textual entity
that fucoidan has a small statistically significant effect on AT3 level but no useful clinical effect as in-vivo anticoagulant, a paraphrase of part of the last paragraph of the discussion section of the paper 'Pilot clinical study to evaluate the anticoagulant activity of fucoidan', by Lowenthal et. al.PMID:19696660
A textual entity that expresses the results of reasoning about a problem, for instance as typically found towards the end of scientific papers.
2009/09/28 Alan Ruttenberg. Fucoidan-use-case
2009/10/23 Alan Ruttenberg: We need to work on the definition still
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
conclusion textual entity
textual entity
Words, sentences, paragraphs, and the written (non-figure) parts of publications are all textual entities
A textual entity is a part of a manifestation (FRBR sense), a generically dependent continuant whose concretizations are patterns of glyphs intended to be interpreted as words, formulas, etc.
AR, (IAO call 2009-09-01): a document as a whole is not typically a textual entity, because it has pictures in it - rather there are parts of it that are textual entities. Examples: The title, paragraph 2 sentence 7, etc.
MC, 2009-09-14 (following IAO call 2009-09-01): textual entities live at the FRBR (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_Requirements_for_Bibliographic_Records) manifestation level. Everything is significant: line break, pdf and html versions of same document are different textual entities.
PERSON: Lawrence Hunter
text
textual entity
citation
Verspoor, K., Cohen, KB., Hunter, L. Textual characteristics of traditional and Open Access scientific journals are similar, BMC Bioinformatics 2009, 10:183.
a textual entity intended to identify a particular publication
PERSON: Lawrence Hunter
citation
figure
Any picture, diagram or table
An information content entity consisting of a two dimensional arrangement of information content entities such that the arrangement itself is about something.
PERSON: Lawrence Hunter
figure
diagram
A molecular structure ribbon cartoon showing helices, turns and sheets and their relations to each other in space.
A figure that expresses one or more propositions
PERSON: Lawrence Hunter
diagram
document
A journal article, patent application, laboratory notebook, or a book
A collection of information content entities intended to be understood together as a whole
PERSON: Lawrence Hunter
document
publication
A journal article or book
A document that has been accepted by a publisher
PERSON: Lawrence Hunter
true
publication
publication about an investigation
Most scientific journal articles
A publication that is about an investigation
PERSON: Lawrence Hunter
scientific publication
publication about an investigation
supplementary material to a document
part of a document that is segregated from the rest of the document due to its size
PERSON: Lawrence Hunter
additional information
appendix
supplemental information
supplementary material
supporting information
supplementary material to a document
time measurement datum
A scalar measurement datum that is the result of measuring a temporal interval
2009/09/28 Alan Ruttenberg. Fucoidan-use-case
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
time measurement datum
email address
Alan Ruttenberg 1/3/2012 - Provisional id, see issue at http://code.google.com/p/information-artifact-ontology/issues/detail?id=130&thanks=130&ts=1325636583
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
Person:Chris Stoeckart
email address
author role
A role inhering in a person or organization that is realized when the bearer participates in the work which is the basis of the document, in the writing of the document, and signs it with their name.
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON: Melanie Courtot
author role
data item extraction from journal article
a planned process in which journal articles are read or processed and data items are extracted, typically for further analysis or indexing
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
data item extraction from journal article
documenting
Recording the current temperature in a laboratory notebook. Writing a journal article. Updating a patient record in a database.
a planned process in which a document is created or added to by including the specified input in it.
6/11/9: Edited at OBI workshop. We need to be able identify a child form of information artifact which corresponds to something enduring (not brain like). This used to be restricted to physical document or digital entity as the output, but that excludes e.g. an audio cassette tape
Bjoern Peters
wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Documenting
documenting
assigning a centrally registered identifier
A new pubmed ID being created for a journal article, and the associated pubmed record containing information to the journal article. A license plate number registered at the DMV to be belonging to a specific vehicle and owner. Placing a barcode on a product and entering information in a database that this barcode is assigned.
a planned process in which a new CRID is created, associated with an entity, and stored in the CRID registry thereby registering it as being associated with some entity
2014-05-05: It is the CRID registry that assigns CRIDs, not the users of the registry.
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
Person:Bjoern Peters
Person:Melanie Courtot
assigning a CRID
assigning a centrally registered identifier
centrally registered identifier symbol
The sentence "The article has Pubmed ID 12345." contains a CRID that has two parts: one part is the CRID symbol, which is '12345'; the other part denotes the CRID registry, which is Pubmed.
A symbol that is part of a CRID and that is sufficient to look up a record from the CRID's registry.
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON: Bill Hogan
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
PERSON: Melanie Courtot
CRID symbol
Original proposal from Bjoern, discussions at IAO calls
centrally registered identifier symbol
centrally registered identifier
The sentence "The article has Pubmed ID 12345." contains a CRID that has two parts: one part is the CRID symbol, which is '12345'; the other part denotes the CRID registry, which is Pubmed.
An information content entity that consists of a CRID symbol and additional information about the CRID registry to which it belongs.
2014-05-05: In defining this term we take no position on what the CRID denotes. In particular do not assume it denotes a *record* in the CRID registry (since the registry might not have 'records').
Alan, IAO call 20101124: potentially the CRID denotes the instance it was associated with during creation.
Note, IAO call 20101124: URIs are not always CRID, as not centrally registered. We acknowledge that CRID is a subset of a larger identifier class, but this subset fulfills our current needs. OBI PURLs are CRID as they are registered with OCLC. UPCs (Universal Product Codes from AC Nielsen)are not CRID as they are not centrally registered.
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON: Bill Hogan
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
PERSON: Melanie Courtot
CRID
Original proposal from Bjoern, discussions at IAO calls
centrally registered identifier
centrally registered identifier registry
PubMed is a CRID registry. It has a dataset of PubMed identifiers associated with journal articles.
A CRID registry is a dataset of CRID records, each consisting of a CRID symbol and additional information which was recorded in the dataset through a assigning a centrally registered identifier process.
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON: Bill Hogan
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
PERSON: Melanie Courtot
CRID registry
Original proposal from Bjoern, discussions at IAO calls
centrally registered identifier registry
ethical approval textual entity
From McLean et al. Br J Gen Pract. 2014 Jul; 64(624): e440–e447 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4073730/):
The NHS National Research Ethics Service had previously approved the use of these anonymised data for research purposes and this analysis did not require independent review.
A textual entity that documents the ethical approval of some study design.
PERSON: Bill Baumgartner
ethical approval textual entity
A document that explains all relevant study information to assist a human subject in understanding the expectations and requirements of participation in a research study. This form document is presented to and signed by the study subject.
The term definition is adapted from NCIt definition of 'consent form' (C16468) with modification. Compared to the NCIt definition, the ICO definition does not restrict the form to a clinical trial.
AK, FM, YH, YL, MH, EE
NCIt C16468
C0009797
C16468
informed consent form
an informed consent form that has been signed by at least one participant.
YH
true
signed informed consent form
a human person who is the contact for questions about research
MH, AK, FM, YL, EE, YH
true
contact person for questions about research
Viruses
Viruses
Euteleostomi
bony vertebrates
Euteleostomi
Bacteria
eubacteria
Bacteria
Archaea
Archaea
Eukaryota
eucaryotes
eukaryotes
Eukaryota
Euarchontoglires
Euarchontoglires
Tetrapoda
tetrapods
Tetrapoda
Amniota
amniotes
Amniota
Opisthokonta
Opisthokonta
Bilateria
Bilateria
Mammalia
mammals
Mammalia
Ascomycota
ascomycetes
sac fungi
Ascomycota
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
baker's yeast
brewer's yeast
lager beer yeast
yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
saccharomyceta
saccharomyceta
Vertebrata <Metazoa>
Vertebrata
vertebrates
Vertebrata <Metazoa>
Homo sapiens
human
human being
man
Homo sapiens
ncbi_taxonomy
species
Records pertaining to site specific approvals from an Institutional Review Board (IRB)/Independent Ethics Committee (IEC) or other governing body regarding human subjects in a biomedical or behavioral research.
C115696
Intellectual Product
Institutional Review Board Independent Ethics Committee Human Subject in Research Approval Documentation
C3898752
CareLex
Subcategory name for the eTMF domain containing documentation between an Institutional Review Board (IRB) or Independent Ethics Committee (IEC) and a Study Site regarding human subjects in biomedical or behavioral research.
true
IRB-IEC Doc Subcat
IRB-IEC Documents Subcategory
IRB/IEC Trial Approval
Institutional Review Board Independent Ethics Committee Documents
Institutional Review Board Independent Ethics Committee Human Subject in Research Approval Documentation
Institutional Review Board Independent Ethics Committee Human Subject in Research Approval Documentation
A Web-based resource that provides patients, their family members, health care professionals, researchers, and the public with access to information on publicly and privately supported clinical studies. A service of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), ClinicalTrials.gov is both a registry and a results database.
C124233
Intellectual Product
ClinicalTrials.gov
C4086204
ClinicalTrials.gov
ClinicalTrials.gov
The amount of an individual's total body mass that is fat, expressed as a percent.
C139218
Organism Attribute
Body Fat Percentage
CDISC
The amount of an individual's total body mass that is fat, expressed as a percent.
true
BODYFATP
Body Fat Percentage
Body Fat Percentage
The process by which information about the health status of an individual is obtained after a study has officially closed; an activity that continues something that has already begun or that repeats something that has already been done.
C16033
Health Care Activity
Follow-up
C1522577
CDISC
Monitoring a person's health over time after treatment. This includes keeping track of the health of people who participate in a clinical study or clinical trial for a period of time, both during the study and after the study ends.
The process by which information about the health status of a subject is obtained after the subject is no longer receiving study medication.
Follow-up
true
Active Follow-up
CLSFUP
Clinical Signs Follow-up
Follow Up
Follow-up
Followup
follow-up
Follow-up
The selection and obtaining of small representative quantities of biological material for the purpose of analysis; also, in biomedical statistics, sampling is the selection and implementation of statistical observations in order to estimate properties of an underlying population; also, in environmental science, the collection of representative specimens analyzed to characterize site conditions.
C25662
Activity
Sampling
C0870078
Sampling
true
Sampling
Sampling
The act of abiding by a stated treatment plan or protocol.
C25729
Functional Concept
Adherence
C1510802
Adherence
Adherence
Adherence
A characteristic of a treatment regimen employed as a comparator against which the study treatment is evaluated.
C49647
Research Activity
Control Type
C1707504
CDISC
Comparator against which the study treatment is evaluated.
Control_Type
Control Type
TCNTRL
Control Type
A method of selecting a sample from a population in such a way that every sample that could be selected has an equal chance of being selected.
C53194
Activity
Random Sampling
C0150105
Random_Sampling
true
Probabilty Sampling
Random Sampling
Random Sampling
C53196
Activity
Simple Random Sampling
C0681878
Simple_Random_Sampling
true
Simple Random Sampling
Simple Random Sampling
C53204
Activity
Convenience Sampling
C0150095
Convenience_Sampling
true
Convenience Sampling
Volunteer Sample
Convenience Sampling
The name applied to a scientific investigation.
C68631
Conceptual Entity
Study Name
C2348560
Study_Name
true
Study Name
Study Name
C71496
Activity
Stratified Random Sampling
C0681879
Stratified_Random_Sampling
true
Stratified Random Sampling
Stratified Random Sampling
C71503
Activity
Judgment Sampling
C2346606
Judgement_Sampling
Judgement Sampling
Judgment Sampling
Judgment Sampling
C71515
Activity
Multi-Stage Sampling
C1709096
Multi-Stage_Sampling
true
Multi-Stage Sampling
Multistage Sampling
Multi-Stage Sampling
A single serving of a beverage; any liquid suitable for drinking.
C86036
Chemical Viewed Functionally
Drink
C0452428
true
Drink
Drink
The textual representation of the study objective.
C94090
Intellectual Product
Study Objective Description
C2986288
BRIDG
The textual representation of the study objective.
true
Study Objective Description
StudyObjective.description
Study Objective Description
The non-unique initials or abbreviated name used for identification of the study.
C94108
Intellectual Product
Study Protocol Version Acronym
C2986306
BRIDG
CDISC
A word or words formed from the beginning letters or a combination of syllables and letters of a compound term, which identifies a clinical study.
The non-unique initials or abbreviated name used for identification of the study. EXAMPLE(S): WHI for Women's Health Initiative
true
Study Acronym
Study Protocol Version Acronym
StudyProtocolVersion.acronym
Trial Acronym
Study Protocol Version Acronym
A sequence of letters, numbers, or other characters that uniquely identifies a clinical trial within a clinical trial registry.
C98714
Intellectual Product
Clinical Trial Registry Identifier
C3274381
CDISC
Identification numbers assigned to the protocol by clinicaltrials.gov, EudraCT, or other registries.
true
Clinical Trial Registry Identifier
REGID
Registry Identifier
Clinical Trial Registry Identifier
a planned process that gathers and measures information on variables of interest, in an established systematic fashion that enables one to answer stated research questions, test hypotheses, and evaluate outcomes. Data collection results in a collection of data.
Jie Zheng, Oliver He
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_collection
data collection
A data sampling design that uses randomization for sample selection
Marcy Harris, Jie Zheng, Yongqun He
randomization sampling plan
randomization sampling design
A data item that is more specifically a rectangular array of numbers, symbols, or expressions, arranged in rows and columns.
Person: Oliver He, Jie Zheng
set of data sets
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_(mathematics)
data matrix
A data collection process that results in a collection of data from the literature.
Jie Zheng, Oliver He
data collection from literature
A data item that is produced as the output of a data transformation.
Person: Jie Zheng, Oliver He
transformed data item
A document editing process in which one or more fields in a form are filled with related information, such as when answering a questionnare.
Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert
Penn Group
form filling
A patient questionnaire which has been filled out by a patient.
Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert
Penn Group
filled patient questionnaire
A questionnaire that comprises a set of questions about a patient, such as height, weight, race, biological sex, clinical history, etc., which will be filled by the human subject.
Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert
Penn Group
patient questionnaire
A time measurement datum which is the end date of a smoking behavior.
Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert
Penn Group
smoking end date
planned process
Injecting mice with a vaccine in order to test its efficacy
A processual entity that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification.
'Plan' includes a future direction sense. That can be problematic if plans are changed during their execution. There are however implicit contingencies for protocols that an agent has in his mind that can be considered part of the plan, even if the agent didn't have them in mind before. Therefore, a planned process can diverge from what the agent would have said the plan was before executing it, by adjusting to problems encountered during execution (e.g. choosing another reagent with equivalent properties, if the originally planned one has run out.)
We are only considering successfully completed planned processes. A plan may be modified, and details added during execution. For a given planned process, the associated realized plan specification is the one encompassing all changes made during execution. This means that all processes in which an agent acts towards achieving some
objectives is a planned process.
Bjoern Peters
branch derived
6/11/9: Edited at workshop. Used to include: is initiated by an agent
This class merges the previously separated objective driven process and planned process, as they the separation proved hard to maintain. (1/22/09, branch call)
planned process
regulator role
Fact sheet - Regulating the companies The role of the regulator. Ofwat is the economic regulator of the water and sewerage industry in England and Wales. http://www.ofwat.gov.uk/aptrix/ofwat/publish.nsf/Content/roleofregulator_factsheet170805
a regulatory role involved with making and/or enforcing relevant legislation and governmental orders
Person:Jennifer Fostel
regulator
OBI
regulator role
biological feature identification objective
Biological_feature_identification_objective is an objective role carried out by the proposition defining the aim of a study designed to examine or characterize a particular biological feature.
Jennifer Fostel
biological feature identification objective
regulatory role
Regulatory agency, Ethics committee, Approval letter; example: Browse these EPA Regulatory Role subtopics http://www.epa.gov/ebtpages/enviregulatoryrole.html Feb 29, 2008
a role which inheres in material entities and is realized in the processes of making, enforcing or being defined by legislation or orders issued by a governmental body.
GROUP: Role branch
OBI, CDISC
govt agents responsible for creating regulations; proxies for enforcing regulations. CDISC definition: regulatory authorities. Bodies having the power to regulate. NOTE: In the ICH GCP guideline the term includes the authorities that review submitted clinical data and those that conduct inspections. These bodies are sometimes referred to as competent
regulatory role
material supplier role
Jackson Labs is an organization which provide mice as experimental material
a role realized through the process of supplying materials such as animal subjects, reagents or other materials used in an investigation.
Supplier role is a special kind of service, e.g. biobank
PERSON:Jennifer Fostel
material provider role
supplier
material supplier role
processed material
Examples include gel matrices, filter paper, parafilm and buffer solutions, mass spectrometer, tissue samples
Is a material entity that is created or changed during material processing.
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
processed material
chromatography device
a device that facilitates the separation of mixtures. The function of a chromatography device involves passing a mixture dissolved in a "mobile phase" through a stationary phase, which separates the analyte to be measured from other molecules in the mixture and allows it to be isolated.
Frank Gibson
chromatography instrument
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography
open tracker https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=2881353&group_id=177891&atid=886178
chromatography device
mass spectrometer
LCQ Fleet Ion Trap MSn manufactured by thermo fisher scientific
A mass spectrometer is an instrument which is used to measure the mass to charge ratio of ions. All mass spectrometers consist of three basic parts: an ion source, a mass analyzer, and a detector system. The stages within the mass spectrometer are: 1. Production of ions from the sample 2. Separation of ions with different masses 3. Detection of the number of ions of each mass produced 4.Collection of data to generate the mass spectrum
Frank Gibson
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_spectrometry
mass spectrometer
investigation
Lung cancer investigation using expression profiling, a stem cell transplant investigation, biobanking is not an investigation, though it may be part of an investigation
a planned process that consists of parts: planning, study design execution, documentation and which produce conclusion(s).
Bjoern Peters
OBI branch derived
Could add specific objective specification
Following OBI call November 2012,26th: it was decided there was no need for adding "achieves objective of drawing conclusion" as existing relations were providing equivalent ability. this note closes the issue and validates the class definition to be part of the OBI core
editor = PRS
study
investigation
evaluant role
When a specimen of blood is assayed for glucose concentration, the blood has the evaluant role. When measuring the mass of a mouse, the evaluant is the mouse. When measuring the time of DNA replication, the evaluant is the DNA. When measuring the intensity of light on a surface, the evaluant is the light source.
a role that inheres in a material entity that is realized in an assay in which data is generated about the bearer of the evaluant role
Role call - 17nov-08: JF and MC think an evaluant role is always specified input of a process. Even in the case where we have an assay taking blood as evaluant and outputting blood, the blood is not the specified output at the end of the assay (the concentration of glucose in the blood is)
examples of features that could be described in an evaluant: quality.... e.g. "contains 10 pg/ml IL2", or "no glucose detected")
GROUP: Role Branch
OBI
Feb 10, 2009. changes after discussion at OBI Consortium Workshop Feb 2-6, 2009. accepted as core term.
evaluant role
assay
Assay the wavelength of light emitted by excited Neon atoms. Count of geese flying over a house.
A planned process with the objective to produce information about the material entity that is the evaluant, by physically examining it or its proxies.
12/3/12: BP: the reference to the 'physical examination' is included to point out that a prediction is not an assay, as that does not require physical examiniation.
PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch
measuring
scientific observation
OBI branch derived
study assay
any method
assay
sample preparation for assay
A sample_preparation_for_assay is a protocol_application including material_enrollments and biomaterial_transformations. definition_source: OBI.
PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch
study
OBI branch derived
sample preparation for assay
diagnosis textual entity
diagnosis is an assessment of a disease or injury, its likely prognosis and treatment.
Jennifer Fostel
diagnosis textual entity
reagent role
Buffer, dye, a catalyst, a solvating agent.
A role inhering in a biological or chemical entity that is intended to be applied in a scientific technique to participate (or have molecular components that participate) in a chemical reaction that facilitates the generation of data about some entity distinct from the bearer, or the generation of some specified material output distinct from the bearer.
PERSON:Matthew Brush
reagent
PERSON:Matthew Brush
Feb 10, 2009. changes after discussion at OBI Consortium Workshop Feb 2-6, 2009. accepted as core term.
May 28 2013. Updated definition taken from ReO based on discussions initiated in Philly 2011 workshop. Former defnition described a narrower view of reagents in chemistry that restricts bearers of the role to be chemical entities ("a role played by a molecular entity used to produce a chemical reaction to detect, measure, or produce other substances"). Updated definition allows for broader view of reagents in the domain of biomedical research to include larger materials that have parts that participate chemically in a molecular reaction or interaction.
(copied from ReO)
Reagents are distinguished from instruments or devices that also participate in scientific techniques by the fact that reagents are chemical or biological in nature and necessarily participate in or have parts that participate in some chemical interaction or reaction during their intended participation in some technique. By contrast, instruments do not participate in a chemical reaction/interaction during the technique.
Reagents are distinguished from study subjects/evaluants in that study subjects and evaluants are that about which conclusions are drawn and knowledge is sought in an investigation - while reagents, by definition, are not. It should be noted, however, that reagent and study subject/evaluant roles can be borne by instances of the same type of material entity - but a given instance will realize only one of these roles in the execution of a given assay or technique. For example, taq polymerase can bear a reagent role or an evaluant role. In a DNA sequencing assay aimed at generating sequence data about some plasmid, the reagent role of the taq polymerase is realized. In an assay to evaluate the quality of the taq polymerase itself, the evaluant/study subject role of the taq is realized, but not the reagent role since the taq is the subject about which data is generated.
In regard to the statement that reagents are 'distinct' from the specified outputs of a technique, note that a reagent may be incorporated into a material output of a technique, as long as the IDENTITY of this output is distinct from that of the bearer of the reagent role. For example, dNTPs input into a PCR are reagents that become part of the material output of this technique, but this output has a new identity (ie that of a 'nucleic acid molecule') that is distinct from the identity of the dNTPs that comprise it. Similarly, a biotin molecule input into a cell labeling technique are reagents that become part of the specified output, but the identity of the output is that of some modified cell specimen which shares identity with the input unmodified cell specimen, and not with the biotin label. Thus, we see that an important criteria of 'reagent-ness' is that it is a facilitator, and not the primary focus of an investigation or material processing technique (ie not the specified subject/evaluant about which knowledge is sought, or the specified output material of the technique).
reagent role
patient role
a hospitalized person; a person with controlled diabetes; the patient's role http://www.fertilityjourney.com/testingAndDiagnosis/theRightDoctor/thePatientsRole/index.asp?C=55245395146924652778
a role which inheres in a person and is realized by the process of being under the care of a physician or health care provider
GROUP:Role Branch
patient
OBI, CDISC
CDISC definition: patient. Person under a physician's care for a particular disease or condition. NOTE: A subject in a clinical trial is not necessarily a patient, but a patient in a clinical trial is a subject. See also subject, trial subject, healthy volunteer. Often used interchangeably
patient role
material processing
A cell lysis, production of a cloning vector, creating a buffer.
A planned process which results in physical changes in a specified input material
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
PERSON: Frank Gibson
PERSON: Jennifer Fostel
PERSON: Melanie Courtot
PERSON: Philippe Rocca Serra
material transformation
OBI branch derived
material processing
protocol testing objective
Protocol_testing_objective is a methodology_testing_objective role describing a study designed to examine the effects of using different protocols.
Jennifer Fostel
protocol testing objective
participant under investigation role
Human subjects in a clinical trial, rats in a toxicogenomics study, tissue cutlures subjected to drug tests, fish observed in an ecotoxicology study.
Parasite example: people are infected with a parasite which is then extracted; the particpant under investigation could be the parasite, the people, or a population of which the people are members, depending on the nature of the study.
Lake example: a lake could realize this role in an investigation that assays pollution levels in samples of water taken from the lake.
A role that is realized through the execution of a study design in which the bearer of the role participates and in which data about that bearer is collected.
A participant can realize both "specimen role" and "participant under investigation role" at the same time. However "participant under investigation role" is distinct from "specimen role", since a specimen could somehow be involved in an investigation without being the thing that is under investigation.
GROUP: Role Branch
OBI
Following OBI call November 2012,26th:
1. it was decided there was no need for moving the children class and making them siblings of study subject role.
2. it also settles the disambiguation about 'study subject'. This is about the individual participating in the investigation/study, Not the 'topic' (as in 'toxicity study') of the investigation/study
This note closes the issue and validates the class definition to be part of the OBI core
editor = PRS
participant under investigation role
responsible party role
he THERAPIST has the ability to print a separate statement for the patient and each responsible party. http://www.beaverlog.com/therapist/ez_support/billing/responsible_party_statements.htm
a study personnel role played by a party who is accountable for the execution of a study component and can make decisions about the conduct of the study
Person: Jennifer Fostel
responsible party
OBI
responsible party role
principal investigator role
a responsible party role played by a person responsible for the overall conduct of a study
Person: Jennifer Fostel
principal investigator
CDISC definition: A person responsible for the conduct of the clinical trial at a trial site. If a trial is conducted by a team of individuals at a trial site, the investigator is the responsible leader of the team and may be called the principal investigator. 2. The individual principal investigator. 2. The individual under whose immediate direction the test article is administered or dispensed to, or used involving, a subject, or, in the event of an investigation conducted by a team of individuals, is See also sponsor-investigator.; Leiter der klinischen Prufung.Under the German Drug Law, the physician who is head of the clinical investigation (CDISC): coordinating investigator (CDISC) (also study coordinator, MUSC); sponsor-investigator. An individual who both initiates and conducts, alone or with others, a clinical trial, and under whose immediate direction the investigational product is administered to, dispensed to, or used by a subject.NOTE: The term does not include any person other than an individual, hence not a corporation, agency (CDISC)
true
principal investigator role
specimen role
liver section; a portion of a culture of cells; a nemotode or other animal once no longer a subject (generally killed); portion of blood from a patient.
a role borne by a material entity that is gained during a specimen collection process and that can be realized by use of the specimen in an investigation
22Jun09. The definition includes whole organisms, and can include a human. The link between specimen role and study subject role has been removed. A specimen taken as part of a case study is not considered to be a population representative, while a specimen taken as representing a population, e.g. person taken from a cohort, blood specimen taken from an animal) would be considered a population representative and would also bear material sample role.
Note: definition is in specimen creation objective which is defined as an objective to obtain and store a material entity for potential use as an input during an investigation.
blood taken from animal: animal continues in study, whereas blood has role specimen.
something taken from study subject, leaves the study and becomes the specimen.
parasite example
- when parasite in people we study people, people are subjects and parasites are specimen
- when parasite extracted, they become subject in the following study
specimen can later be subject.
GROUP: Role Branch
OBI
specimen role
intervention design
PMID: 18208636.Br J Nutr. 2008 Jan 22;:1-11.Effect of vitamin D supplementation on bone and vitamin D status among Pakistani immigrants in Denmark: a randomised double-blinded placebo-controlled intervention study.
An intervention design is a study design in which a controlled process applied to the subjects (the intervention) serves as the independent variable manipulated by the experimentalist. The treatment (perturbation or intervention) defined can be defined as a combination of values taken by independent variable manipulated by the experimentalists are applied to the recruited subjects assigned (possibly by applying specific methods) to treatment groups. The specificity of intervention design is the fact that independent variables are being manipulated and a response of the biological system is evaluated via response variables as monitored by possibly a series of assays.
Philppe Rocca-Serra
OBI branch derived
intervention design
baseline participant role
Subject at time = 0; subject before a stress test.
a reference participant role which is realized by making the reference to qualities at the start of the study or intervention
Person: Jennifer Fostel
baseline participant
baseline participant role
filter paper
a device manufacture with the intent to provide a porous unsized paper used for filtering.
Frank Gibson
sep:00107
filter paper
crossover population role
a role realized when a participant serves as reference to itself
Person: Jennifer Fostel
crossover population
crossover population role
study group role
The group of randomized participants that are assigned to a treatment arm of the trial
a study population role where the bearer is a population of material entities and the role is realized in the implementation of a study design wherein the entities bearing the study population role are observed or subjected to intervention according to the study design and are biological replicates, i.e. they receive the same treatment under the protocol
Jennifer Fostel
study group population
study group role
population
PMID12564891. Environ Sci Technol. 2003 Jan 15;37(2):223-8. Effects of historic PCB exposures on the reproductive success of the Hudson River striped bass population.
a population is a collection of individuals from the same taxonomic class living, counted or sampled at a particular site or in a particular area
1/28/2013, BP, on the call it was raised that we may want to switch to an external ontology for all populatin terms:
http://code.google.com/p/popcomm-ontology/
PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra
adapted from Oxford English Dictionnary
rem1: collection somehow always involve a selection process
population
biological replicate role
A member of a dose-time group; a patient in a given arm of a trial
a reference participant role realized by equivalent treatment of participants
Person:Jennifer Fostel
biological replicate
OBI
biological replicate role
investigation agent role
The person perform microarray experiments and submit microarray results (including raw data, processed data) with experiment description to ArrayExpress.
A role borne by an entity and that is realized in a process that is part of an investigation in which an objective is achieved. These processes include, among others: planning, overseeing, funding, reviewing.
Implementing a study means carrying out or performing the study and providing reagents or other materials used in the study and other tasks without which the study would not happen.
Philly2013: Historically, this role would have been borne only by humans or organizations. However, we now also want to enable representing investigations run by robot scientists such as ADAM (King et al, Science, 2009)
GROUP: Role Branch
investigator
OBI
Feb 10, 2009. changes after discussion at OBI Consortium Workshop Feb 2-6, 2009. accepted as core term.
study person role
Philly2013: Historically, this role would have been borne only by humans or organizations. However, we now also want to enable investigations run by robot scientists such as ADAM (King et al, Science, 2009)
investigation agent role
methodology testing objective
Methodology_testing_objective is an objective role carried out by a proposition defining the aim of the study is to examine the effect of using different methodologies.
Jennifer Fostel
methodology testing objective
reference subject role
Saline treated rat; one of three identically-treated subjects
a reference subject role which inheres in an organism or entity of organismal origin so that the characteristics or responses of the participant playing the reference participant role are used for comparison or reference
Jennifer Fostel
reference participant
OBI
reference subject role
organization
PMID: 16353909.AAPS J. 2005 Sep 22;7(2):E274-80. Review. The joint food and agriculture organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives and its role in the evaluation of the safety of veterinary drug residues in foods.
An entity that can bear roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules. Members of organizations are either organizations themselves or individual people. Members can bear specific organization member roles that are determined in the organization rules. The organization rules also determine how decisions are made on behalf of the organization by the organization members.
BP: The definition summarizes long email discussions on the OBI developer, roles, biomaterial and denrie branches. It leaves open if an organization is a material entity or a dependent continuant, as no consensus was reached on that. The current placement as material is therefore temporary, in order to move forward with development. Here is the entire email summary, on which the definition is based:
1) there are organization_member_roles (president, treasurer, branch
editor), with individual persons as bearers
2) there are organization_roles (employer, owner, vendor, patent holder)
3) an organization has a charter / rules / bylaws, which specify what roles
there are, how they should be realized, and how to modify the
charter/rules/bylaws themselves.
It is debatable what the organization itself is (some kind of dependent
continuant or an aggregate of people). This also determines who/what the
bearer of organization_roles' are. My personal favorite is still to define
organization as a kind of 'legal entity', but thinking it through leads to
all kinds of questions that are clearly outside the scope of OBI.
Interestingly enough, it does not seem to matter much where we place
organization itself, as long as we can subclass it (University, Corporation,
Government Agency, Hospital), instantiate it (Affymetrix, NCBI, NIH, ISO,
W3C, University of Oklahoma), and have it play roles.
This leads to my proposal: We define organization through the statements 1 -
3 above, but without an 'is a' statement for now. We can leave it in its
current place in the is_a hierarchy (material entity) or move it up to
'continuant'. We leave further clarifications to BFO, and close this issue
for now.
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra
PERSON: Susanna Sansone
GROUP: OBI
organization
technical replicate role
Aliquots of a tissue subjected to parallel assays
technical replicate role is realized when two portions from one evaluant are used in replicate runs of an assay
Person: Jennifer Fostel
technical replicate
technical replicate role
cohort role
In statistics and demography, a cohort is a group of subjects - most often humans from a given population - defined by experiencing an event (typically birth) in a particular time span. Wikipedia "cohort", Feb 29 2008
a cohort role is a biological replicate role played by a group of study participants who share a common characteristic of interest to the study.
Jennifer Fostel
WEB:http://www.sceoc.com/glossaryofterms/ # a group of individuals having a statistical factor (as age or class membership) in common in a demographic study, such as a cohort of students.
WEB:http://www.thebody.org/content/treat/art2612.html # a group of individuals in a study who share a demographic, clinical, or other statistical characteristic (eg, age, study site).
WEB:http://www.uhhospitals.org/tabid/591/Default.aspx # A cohort is a group of people with a common characteristic that is studied over a period of time as part of a scientific or medical investigation.
cohort role
plan
The plan of researcher X to perform an experiment according to a protocol.
A plan is a realizable entity that is the inheres in a bearer who is committed to realizing it as a planned process.
This class is included to make clear how the plan specification, the plan, and the planned process relate. OBI will however only subclass and work under the 'plan specification', and 'planned process' class, as we want to avoid to get deep into discussions of 'intend' etc.
AR, BP, JM, MC, PRS
branch derived
plan
protocol
PCR protocol, has objective specification, amplify DNA fragment of interest, and has action specification describes the amounts of experimental reagents used (e..g. buffers, dNTPS, enzyme), and the temperature and cycle time settings for running the PCR.
A plan specification which has sufficient level of detail and quantitative information to communicate it between investigation agents, so that different investigation agents will reliably be able to independently reproduce the process.
PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch
OBI branch derived + wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol_%28natural_sciences%29)
study protocol
true
protocol
adding a material entity into a target
Injecting a drug into a mouse. Adding IL-2 to a cell culture. Adding NaCl into water.
is a process with the objective to place a material entity bearing the 'material to be added role' into a material bearing the 'target of material addition role'.
Class was renamed from 'administering substance', as this is commonly used only for additions into organisms.
BP
branch derived
adding a material entity into a target
analyte role
Glucose in blood (measured in an assay to determine the concentration of glucose).
A role borne by a molecular entity or an atom and realized in an analyte assay which achieves the objective to measure the magnitude/concentration/amount of the analyte in the entity bearing evaluant role
interestingly, an analyte is still an analyte even if it is not detected. for this reason it does not bear a specified input role
pH (technically the inverse log of [H+]) may be considered a quality; this remains to be tested.
qualities such as weight, color are not assayed but measured, so they do not fall into this category.
GROUP: Role Branch
OBI
Feb 10, 2009. changes after discussion at OBI Consortium Workshop Feb 2-6, 2009. accepted as core term.
analyte role
material to be added role
drug added to a buffer contained in a tube; substance injected into an animal;
material to be added role is a protocol participant role realized by a material which is added into a material bearing the target of material addition role in a material addition process
Role Branch
OBI
9 March 09 from discussion with PA branch
material to be added role
drawing a conclusion based on data
Concluding that a gene is upregulated in a tissue sample based on the band intensity in a western blot. Concluding that a patient has a infection based on measurement of an elevated body temperature and reported headache. Concluding that there were problems in an investigation because data from PCR and microarray are conflicting. Concluding that 'defects in gene XYZ cause cancer due to improper DNA repair' based on data from experiments in that study that gene XYZ is involved in DNA repair, and the conclusion of a previous study that cancer patients have an increased number of mutations in this gene.
A planned process in which data gathered in an investigation is evaluated in the context of existing knowledge with the objective to generate more general conclusions or to conclude that the data does not allow one to draw general conclusion
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
PERSON: Jennifer Fostel
Bjoern Peters
drawing a conclusion based on data
planning
The process of a scientist thinking about and deciding what reagents to use as part of a protocol for an experiment. Note that the scientist could be human or a "robot scientist" executing software.
a process of creating or modifying a plan specification
7/18/2011 BP: planning used to itself be a planned process. Barry Smith pointed out that this would lead to an infinite regression, as there would have to be a plan to conduct a planning process, which in itself would be the result of planning etc. Therefore, the restrictions on 'planning' were loosened to allow for informal processes that result in an 'ad hoc plan '. This required changing from 'has_specified_output some plan specifiction' to 'has_participant some plan specification'.
Bjoern Peters
Bjoern Peters
Plans and Planned Processes Branch
planning
mass analyzer
The mass analyzer of the Voyager-DE(tm) STR Biospectrometry Workstation
A Mass analyzer is a device that separates ions according to their mass-to-charge ratio. All mass spectrometers are based on dynamics of charged particles in electric and magnetic fields in vacuum where the two laws of Lorentz force law and Newton's second law of motion apply.
Frank Gibson
PERSON: Daniel Schober
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_spectrometry#Mass_analyzer
mass analyzer
ion source
The ion source of a Voyager-DE??? STR Biospectrometry Workstation
An ion source is a device that is part of a mass
spectrometer that ionizes the material under analysis. The ions are
then transported by magnetic or electric fields to the mass analyzer.
Techniques for ionization have been key to determining what types of
samples can be analyzed by mass spectrometry. Electron ionization and
chemical ionization are used for gases and vapors. In chemical
ionization sources, the material is ionized by chemical ion-molecule
reactions during collisions in the source. Two techniques often used
with liquid and solid biological samples include electrospray
ionization (due to John Fenn PMID 2675315.) and matrix-assisted laser
desorption/ionization (MALDI, due to M. Karas and F. Hillenkamp
(Measuring Mass: From Positive Rays to Proteins by Michael A. Grayson
(Editor) (ISBN 0-941901-31-9))).
Frank Gibson
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_spectrometry#Ion_source
ion source
ion detector
The ion detector of the Voyager-DE(tm) STR Biospectrometry Workstation
An ion detector is a device that measures and records
the charge induced or current produced when an ion passes by or hits a
surface.
Example: In a scanning instrument the signal produced in the detector
during the course of the scan versus where the instrument is in the
scan (at what m/Q) will produce a mass spectrum, a record of ions as a
function of m/Q.
Frank Gibson
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_spectrometry#Detector
ion detector
contain function
A syringe, a beaker
A contain function is a function to constrain a material entities location in space
Bill Bug
Daniel Schober
Frank Gibson
Melanie Courtot
contain function
heat function
A heat function is a function that increases the internal kinetic energy of a material
Bill Bug
Daniel Schober
Frank Gibson
Melanie Courtot
heat function
material separation function
A material separation function is a function that increases the resolution between two or more material entities. The to distinction between the entities is usually based on some associated physical quality.
Bill Bug
Daniel Schober
Frank Gibson
Melanie Courtot
material separation function
filter function
A filter function is a function to prevent the flow of certain entities based on a quality or qualities of the entity while allowing entities which have different qualities to pass through
Frank Gibson
filter function
ionization function
The ion source in amass spectrometer
An ionization function is a function to physically convert an atom or molecule into an ion by adding or removing charged particles such as electrons or other ions.
Bill Bug
Daniel Schober
Frank Gibson
Melanie Courtot
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionization
ionization function
cool function
A cool function is a function to decrease the internal kinetic energy of a material below the initial kinetic energy of that type of material.
Daniel Schober
Frank Gibson
Melanie Courtot
cool function
environment control function
An environmental control function is a function that regulates a contained environment within specified parameter ranges. For example the control of light exposure, humidity and temperature.
Bill Bug
Daniel Schober
Frank Gibson
Melanie Courtot
environment control function
measuring glucose concentration in blood serum
An assay that determines the concentration of glucose molecules in a blood serum sample
Person:Bjoern Peters
measuring glucose concentration in blood serum
adding material objective
creating a mouse infected with LCM virus
is the specification of an objective to add a material into a target material. The adding is asymmetric in the sense that the target material largely retains its identity
BP
adding material objective
analyte measurement objective
The objective to measure the concentration of glucose in a blood sample
an assay objective to determine the presence or concentration of an analyte in the evaluant
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
PPPB branch
analyte measurement objective
assay objective
the objective to determine the weight of a mouse.
an objective specification to determine a specified type of information about an evaluated entity (the material entity bearing evaluant role)
PPPB branch
PPPB branch
assay objective
analyte assay
example of usage: In lab test for blood glucose, the test is the assay, the blood bears evaluant_role and glucose bears the analyte role. The evaluant is considered an input to the assay and the information entity that records the measurement of glucose concentration the output
An assay with the objective to capture information about the presence, concentration, or amount of an analyte in an evaluant.
2013-09-23: simplify equivalent axiom
Note: is_realization of some analyte role isn't always true, for example when there is none of the analyte in the evaluant. For the moment we are writing it this way, but when the information ontology is further worked out this will be replaced with a condition discussing the measurement.
logical def modified to remove expression below, as some analyte assays report below the level of detection, and therefore not a scalar measurement datum, replaced by measurement datum
and
('has measurement unit label' some 'measurement unit label') and
('is quality measurement of' some 'molecular concentration'))
PERSON:Bjoern Peters, Helen Parkinson, Philippe Rocca-Serra, Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON:Bjoern Peters
PERSON:Helen Parkinson
PERSON:Philippe Rocca-Serra
PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
GROUP:OBI Planned process branch
analyte assay
target of material addition role
peritoneum of an animal receiving an interperitoneal injection; solution in a tube receiving additional material; location of absorbed material following a dermal application.
target of material addition role is a role realized by an entity into which a material is added in a material addition process
From Branch discussion with BP, AR, MC -- there is a need for the recipient to interact with the administered material. for example, a tooth receiving a filling was not considered to be a target role.
GROUP: Role Branch
OBI
target of material addition role
normalized data set
A data set that is produced as the output of a normalization data transformation.
PERSON: James Malone
PERSON: Melanie Courtot
normalized data set
measure function
A glucometer measures blood glucose concentration, the glucometer has a measure function.
Measure function is a function that is borne by a processed material and realized in a process in which information about some entity is expressed relative to some reference.
PERSON: Daniel Schober
PERSON: Helen Parkinson
PERSON: Melanie Courtot
PERSON:Frank Gibson
measure function
material transformation objective
The objective to create a mouse infected with LCM virus. The objective to create a defined solution of PBS.
an objective specifiction that creates an specific output object from input materials.
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
PERSON: Frank Gibson
PERSON: Jennifer Fostel
PERSON: Melanie Courtot
PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra
artifact creation objective
GROUP: OBI PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch
material transformation objective
manufacturing
Manufacturing is a process with the intent to produce a processed material which will have a function for future use. A person or organization (having manufacturer role) is a participant in this process
Manufacturing implies reproducibility and responsibility AR
This includes a single scientist making a processed material for personal use.
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
PERSON: Frank Gibson
PERSON: Jennifer Fostel
PERSON: Melanie Courtot
PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra
GROUP: OBI PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch
manufacturing
manufacturing objective
is the objective to manufacture a material of a certain function (device)
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
PERSON: Frank Gibson
PERSON: Jennifer Fostel
PERSON: Melanie Courtot
PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra
GROUP: OBI PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch
manufacturing objective
study design execution
injecting a mouse with PBS solution, weighing it, and recording the weight according to a study design.
a planned process that carries out a study design
a planned process that realizes the concretization of a study design
removed axiom has_part some (assay or 'data transformation') per discussion on protocol application mailing list to improve reasoner performance. The axiom is still desired.
branch derived
6/11/9: edited at workshop. Used to be: study design execution is a process with the objective to generate data according to a concretized study design. The execution of a study design is part of an investigation, and minimally consists of an assay or data transformation.
study design execution
clinical chemistry assay
Influence of hydroxyethyl starch (6% HES 130/0.4) administration on hematology and clinical chemistry parameters.
Mueller T, Schimetta W, Dieplinger B, Loeffler P, Rehm M, Kreimeier U, Poelz W, Haltmayer M.
Clin Chem Lab Med. 2008;46(4):558-62.
PMID: 18605936
a process which uses analytical methods to produce measurements and data on the concentration of a chemical parameters (analytes) present in a bodily fluid collected from an organism.
3/26/09: There needs to be a restriction set that specifies which type of evaluants are used in the assay, somewhere along the lines of 'sample derived of bodily fluid'
Person: Philippe Rocca-Serra
chemical pathology
detection of analyte in blood sample
adapted from Wikipedia
clinical chemistry
clinical chemistry assay
manufacturer role
With respect to The Accuri C6 Flow Cytometer System, the organization Accuri bears the role manufacturer role. With respect to a transformed line of tissue culture cells derived by a specific lab, the lab whose personnel isolated the cll line bears the role manufacturer role. With respect to a specific antibody produced by an individual scientist, the scientist who purifies, characterizes and distributes the anitbody bears the role manufacturer role.
Manufacturer role is a role which inheres in a person or organization and which is realized by a manufacturing process.
GROUP: Role Branch
OBI
manufacturer role
scattered molecular aggregate
the sodium and chloride ions in a glass of salt water
a material entity that consists of all the molecules of a specific type that are located in some bounded region and which is part of a more massive material entity that has parts that are other such aggregates
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
Collective
Discussion in Karslruhe with, among others, Alan Rector, Stefan Schulz, Marijke Keet, Melanie Courtot, and Alan Ruttenberg. With inspiration from the paper Granularity, scale and collectivity: When size does and does not matter, Alan Recto, Jeremy Rogers, Thomas Bittner, Journal of Biomedical Informatics 39 (2006) 333-349
scattered molecular aggregate
hematology
Co-associations between insulin sensitivity and measures of liver function, subclinical inflammation, and hematology.
Godsland IF, Johnston DG.
Metabolism. 2008 Sep;57(9):1190-7.
PMID: 18702943
hematology is a process studying blood and blood producing organs relying on a variety of techniques and instruments
Philippe Rocca-Serra
blood analysis, haematology
OBI branch derived
hematology
material separation objective
The objective to obtain multiple aliquots of an enzyme preparation. The objective to obtain cells contained in a sample of blood.
is an objective to transform a material entity into spatially separated components.
PPPB branch
PPPB branch
material separation objective
urine specimen
a portion of urine collected from an organism
4/10/2011BP: It seems to me that the editor notes refer to a previous version, and are no longer relevant.
This could be instead a kind of collection of secreted stuff. Among secreted stuff there is passive, and active. urine is secreted, passiv. lavage is secreted, active
are we happy calling collection of urine a material separation?
true
urine specimen
material combination
Mixing two fluids. Adding salt into water. Injecting a mouse with PBS.
is a material processing with the objective to combine two or more material entities as input into a single material entity as output.
created at workshop as parent class for 'adding material into target', which is asymmetric, while combination encompasses all addition processes.
bp
bp
material combination
device setting
Examples, 300V for 4 hours, 200mvolts, 37degrees.A knob set a 300 V is the device setting, the protocol stating to set the instrument to 300V is a device setting specification
a quality inheres_in some device and is concretization of some (device_setting_specification and is_about a quality of the device
PERSON: Frank Gibson
device setting
blood specimen
blood drawn from a human for glucose assay
a material entity derived from a portion of blood collected from an organism
Bjoern Peters
Bjoern Peters
blood specimen
specimen collection process
drawing blood from a patient for analysis, collecting a piece of a plant for depositing in a herbarium, buying meat from a butcher in order to measure its protein content in an investigation
A planned process with the objective of collecting a specimen.
Note: definition is in specimen creation objective which is defined as an objective to obtain and store a material entity for potential use as an input during an investigation.
Philly2013: A specimen collection can have as part a material entity acquisition, such as ordering from a bank. The distinction is that specimen collection necessarily involves the creation of a specimen role. However ordering cell lines cells from ATCC for use in an investigation is NOT a specimen collection, because the cell lines already have a specimen role.
Philly2013: The specimen_role for the specimen is created during the specimen collection process.
label changed to 'specimen collection process' on 10/27/2014, details see tracker:
http://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/716/
Bjoern Peters
specimen collection
5/31/2012: This process is not necessarily an acquisition, as specimens may be collected from materials already in posession
6/9/09: used at workshop
specimen collection process
sample from organism
a material obtained from an organism in order to be a representative of the whole
5/29: This is a helper class for now
we need to work on this: Is taking a urine sample a material separation process? If not, we will need to specify what 'taking a sample from organism' entails. We can argue that the objective to obtain a urine sample from a patient is enough to call it a material separation process, but it could dilute what material separation was supposed to be about.
sample from organism
portioning objective
The objective to obtain multiple aliquots of an enzyme preparation.
A material separation objective aiming to separate material into multiple portions, each of which contains a similar composition of the input material.
portioning objective
separation into different composition objective
The objective to obtain cells contained in a sample of blood.
A material separation objective aiming to separate a material entity that has parts of different types, and end with at least one output that is a material with parts of fewer types (modulo impurities).
We should be using has the grain relations or concentrations to distinguish the portioning and other sub-objectives
separation into different composition objective
specimen collection objective
The objective to collect bits of excrement in the rainforest. The objective to obtain a blood sample from a patient.
A objective specification to obtain a material entity for potential use as an input during an investigation.
Bjoern Peters
Bjoern Peters
specimen collection objective
material combination objective
is an objective to obtain an output material that contains several input materials.
PPPB branch
bp
material combination objective
glucose tolerance test
PMID: 19527607
Using the 100-g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test to Predict Fetal and Maternal Outcomes in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.
Lin CH, Wen SF, Wu YH, Huang MJ.
Chang Gung Med J. 2009 May-Jun;32(3):283-9.
is a process in which following administration of a bolus a glucose in-vivo, glucose clearance from blood plasma is monitored over time by repeated glucose measurement in blood serum. the output of a process is a measure which can be used to evaluate the severity of insulin resistance or the efficiency of glucose clearance.
30-10-2013:[author: PRS] removing "realizes some (concretizes some 'time series design')" axiom as it causes 'gtt' to be classified under study design execution instead of assay
Philippe Rocca-Serra
NuGO OBI plan branch
glucose tolerance test
host role
In biology, a host is an organism that harbors a virus or parasite, or a mutual or commensal symbiont, typically providing nourishment and shelter. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host_(biology) 30 March 09
host role is a role played by an organism and realized by providing nourishment, shelter or a means of reproduction to another organism within the organism playing the host role
30Mar09 virus reproducing inside a cell; bacteria causing a disease, host can be harmed or not. we want to avoid a cat sitting on my lap and an animal care technician; these are not examples or hosts; dental cares = on tooth, but part of outer layer of tooth, so covered by "within" in the definition
GROUP: Role Branch
30 Mar09 submitted by vaccine community
OBI
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host_(biology)
host role
material sample role
a role borne by a portion of blood taken to represent all the blood in an organism; the role borne by a population of humans with HIV enrolled in a study taken to represent patients with HIV in general.
A material sample role is a specimen role borne by a material entity that is the output of a material sampling process.
7/13/09: Note that this is a relational role: between the sample taken and the 'sampled' material of which the sample is thought to be representative off.
material sample role
material sample
blood drawn from patient to measure his systemic glucose level. A population of humans with HIV enrolled in a study taken to represent patients with HIV in general.
A material entity that has the material sample role
OBI: workshop
sample population
sample
material sample
study design independent variable
In a study in which gene expression is measured in patients between 8 month to 4 years old that have mild or severe malaria and in which the hypothesis is that gene expression in that age group is a function of disease status, disease status is the independent variable.
a directive information entity that is part of a study design. Independent variables are entities whose values are selected to determine its relationship to an observed phenomenon (the dependent variable). In such an experiment, an attempt is made to find evidence that the values of the independent variable determine the values of the dependent variable (that which is being measured). The independent variable can be changed as required, and its values do not represent a problem requiring explanation in an analysis, but are taken simply as given. The dependent variable on the other hand, usually cannot be directly controlled
2/2/2009 Original definition - In the design of experiments, independent variables are those whose values are controlled or selected by the person experimenting (experimenter) to determine its relationship to an observed phenomenon (the dependent variable). In such an experiment, an attempt is made to find evidence that the values of the independent variable determine the values of the dependent variable (that which is being measured). The independent variable can be changed as required, and its values do not represent a problem requiring explanation in an analysis, but are taken simply as given. The dependent variable on the other hand, usually cannot be directly controlled.
In the Philly 2013 workshop the label was chosen to distinguish it from "dependent variable" as used in statistical modelling. See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_modeling
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert
experimental factor
independent variable
Web: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_and_independent_variables
2009-03-16: work has been done on this term during during the OBI workshop winter 2009 and the current definition was considered acceptable for use in OBI. If there is a need to modify thisdefinition please notify OBI.
study factor
study design independent variable
study design dependent variable
In a study in which gene expression is measured in patients between 8 month to 4 years old that have mild or severe malaria and in which the hypothesis is that gene expression in that age group is a function of disease status, the gene expression is the dependent variable.
dependent variable specification is part of a study design. The dependent variable is the event studied and expected to change when the independent variable varies.
2/2/2009 In the design of experiments, independent variables are those whose values are controlled or selected by the person experimenting (experimenter) to determine its relationship to an observed phenomenon (the dependent variable). In such an experiment, an attempt is made to find evidence that the values of the independent variable determine the values of the dependent variable (that which is being measured). The independent variable can be changed as required, and its values do not represent a problem requiring explanation in an analysis, but are taken simply as given. The dependent variable on the other hand, usually cannot be directly controlled.
In the Philly 2013 workshop the label was chosen to distinguish it from "dependent variable" as used in statistical modelling. See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_modeling
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert
dependent variable
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_and_independent_variables
2009-03-16: work has been done on this term during during the OBI workshop winter 2009 and the current definition was considered acceptable for use in OBI. If there is a need to modify thisdefinition please notify OBI.
study design dependent variable
material maintenance objective
An objective specification maintains some or all of the qualities of a material over time.
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
material maintenance objective
informed consent process
A planned process in which a person or their legal representative is informed about key facts about potential risks and benefits of a process and makes a documented decision as to whether the person in question will participate.
09/28/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: This is made a subclass of the higher level processual entity in BFO because I don't want to take a stand on whether it is a process aggregate. Analogous to the situation with Material entity.
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/info/glossary#informed
2009/09/28 Alan Ruttenberg. Fucoidan-use-case
informed consent process
to be treated with active ingredient role
Role of a patient in a group treated with an active substance in a clinical trial
A study subject role which begins to exist when a subject is assigned to be one of those who will receive active ingredient, and is realized in a study execution in which they receive the active ingredient
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON: Helen Parkinson
2009/09/28 Alan Ruttenberg. Fucoidan-use-case
to be treated with active ingredient role
to be treated with placebo role
A study subject role which begins to exist when a subject is assigned to be one of those who will receive a placebo, and realized in a study execution in which they receive the placebo
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
2009/09/28 Alan Ruttenberg. Fucoidan-use-case
to be treated with placebo role
research organization
The SALK institute is a research organization.
An organization formed with a goal to have its members conduct investigations
Person:Bjoern Peters
research organization
measurement device
A ruler, a microarray scanner, a Geiger counter.
A device in which a measure function inheres.
GROUP:OBI Philly workshop
OBI
measurement device
material maintenance
a process with that achieves the objective to maintain some or all of the characteristics of an input material over time
material maintenance
study intervention
the part of the execution of an intervention design study which is varied between two or more subjects in the study
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
GROUP: OBI
study intervention
material separation device
flow cytometer
A device with a separation function realized in a planed process
material separation device
service consumer role
A biologist who uses a sequencing services fulfills the role of a service consumer
a role which inheres in a person who uses a service
Person:Helen Parkinson
OBI
service consumer role
service provider role
Jackson Lab provides experimental animals, EBI provides training on databases, a core facility provides access to a DNA sequencer.
is a role which inheres in a person or organization and is realized in in a planned process which provides access to training, materials or execution of protocols for an organization or person
PERSON:Helen Parkinson
service provider role
compound treatment design
an intervention design in which the treatment is the administration of a compound
This is meant to include all kinds of material administrations, including vaccinations, chemical compounds etc.
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
MO_555 compound_treatment_design
compound treatment design
processed specimen
A tissue sample that has been sliced and stained for a histology study.
A blood specimen that has been centrifuged to obtain the white blood cells.
A specimen that has been intentionally physically modified.
Bjoern Peters
Bjoern Peters
A tissue sample that has been sliced and stained for a histology study.
processed specimen
container
A device that can be used to restrict the location of material entities over time
03/21/2010: Added to allow classification of children (similar to what we want to do for 'measurement device'. Lookint at what classifies here, we may want to reconsider a contain function assigned to a part of an entity is necessarily also a function of the whole (e.g. is a centrifuge a container because it has test tubes as parts?)
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
container
device
A voltmeter is a measurement device which is intended to perform some measure function.
An autoclave is a device that sterlizes instruments or contaminated waste by applying high temperature and pressure.
A material entity that is designed to perform a function in a scientific investigation, but is not a reagent.
2012-12-17 JAO: In common lab usage, there is a distinction made between devices and reagents that is difficult to model. Therefore we have chosen to specifically exclude reagents from the definition of "device", and are enumerating the types of roles that a reagent can perform.
2013-6-5 MHB: The following clarifications are outcomes of the May 2013 Philly Workshop. Reagents are distinguished from devices that also participate in scientific techniques by the fact that reagents are chemical or biological in nature and necessarily participate in some chemical interaction or reaction during the realization of their experimental role. By contrast, devices do not participate in such chemical reactions/interactions. Note that there are cases where devices use reagent components during their operation, where the reagent-device distinction is less clear. For example:
(1) An HPLC machine is considered a device, but has a column that holds a stationary phase resin as an operational component. This resin qualifies as a device if it participates purely in size exclusion, but bears a reagent role that is realized in the running of a column if it interacts electrostatically or chemically with the evaluant. The container the resin is in (“the column”) considered alone is a device. So the entire column as well as the entire HPLC machine are devices that have a reagent as an operating part.
(2) A pH meter is a device, but its electrode component bears a reagent role in virtue of its interacting directly with the evaluant in execution of an assay.
(3) A gel running box is a device that has a metallic lead as a component that participates in a chemical reaction with the running buffer when a charge is passed through it. This metallic lead is considered to have a reagent role as a component of this device realized in the running of a gel.
In the examples above, a reagent is an operational component of a device, but the device itself does not realize a reagent role (as bearing a reagent role is not transitive across the part_of relation). In this way, the asserted disjointness between a reagent and device holds, as both roles are never realized in the same bearer during execution of an assay.
PERSON: Helen Parkinson
instrument
OBI development call 2012-12-17.
device
dose specification
a protocol specifying to administer 1 ml of vaccine to a mouse
a directive information entity that describes the dose that will be administered to a target
dose specification
sequence data
example of usage: the representation of a nucleotide sequence in FASTA format used for a sequence similarity search.
A measurement datum that representing the primary structure of a macromolecule(it's sequence) sometimes associated with an indicator of confidence of that measurement.
Person:Chris Stoeckert
GROUP: OBI
sequence data
dose
An organism has been injected 1ml of vaccine
A measurement datum that measures the quantity of something that may be administered to an organism or that an organism may be exposed to. Quantities of nutrients, drugs, vaccines and toxins are referred to as doses.
dose
performing a diagnosis
Diagnosing that a patient has pneumonia based on information on measurements of temperature, sound of breathing, and patient complaining about a headache.
The interpretation of the information available about bodily features (clinical picture) of a patient resulting in a diagnosis
performing a diagnosis
administration of material to specimen
Staining cells in a tissue slice with a dye.
The directed combination of a material entity with a specimen.
Bjoern Peters
Bjoern Peters
administration of material to specimen
questionnaire
A document with a set of printed or written questions with a choice of answers, devised for the purposes of a survey or statistical study.
JT: It plays a role in collecting data that could be fleshed out more; but I'm thinking it is, in itself, an edited document.
JZ: based on textual definition of edited document, it can be defined as N&S. I prefer to leave questionnaire as a document now. We can add more restrictions in the future and use that to determine it is an edited document or not.
Need to clarify if this is a document or a directive information entity (or what their connection is))
PERSON: Jessica Turner
Merriam-Webster
true
questionnaire
environmental control device
A growth chamber is an environmental control device.
An environmental control device is a device which has the function to control some aspect of the environment such as temperature, or humidity.
Helen Parkinson
OBI
environmental control device
service
providing a training course for UCSD employees how to run a DNA sequencer; sequencing a DNA sample provided by a service consumer restricted to non-human samples; giving access to tissue samples in a biobank within OHSU; JAX shipping mice from their colony
A planned process in which a service provider performs a task (i.e. a planned process) for a service consumer.
Carlo; Matt
OBI workshop San Diego 2011
service
quality control testing design
A study design in which some aspects of the experiment is quality controlled for the purposes of quality assurance.
Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
MO_981 quality_control_testing_design
quality control testing design
dose response design
A study design that examines the relationship between the size of the administered dose and the extent of the response.
Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
MO_485 dose_response_design
dose response design
specimen from organism
A specimen that derives from an anatomical part or substance arising from an organism. Examples of tissue specimen include tissue, organ, physiological system, blood, or body location (arm).
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
tissue specimen
MO_954 organism_part
specimen from organism
material maintenance service
model organism colony maintanance
A material processing service in which a service provider makes physical modifications to a specified input material, such that at least one of the specified outputs of this process is a modified version of a specified input material.
PERSON: Carlo Torniai
PERSON: Matthew Brush
PERSON: Matthew Brush
Here we need to go back to the defintoin of storage process. It has object specification which is material maintenance. Not necessareley a material maintenance is needed in a storage process.
material maintenance service
material service
A service performing DNA sequencing, a service preforming cell analysis. A service performing cell line immortalization
A service which has a material entity as specified input and/or specified output.
PERSON: Carlo Torniai
PERSON: Matthew Brush
PERSON: Carlo Torniai
material service
material analysis service
Services performing DNA sequencing or Cell Analysis
A service in which a service consumer provides some input material and a service provider performs some analysis of this material to generate data that is returned to the service consumer.
PERSON: Carlo Torniai
PERSON: Matthew Brush
PERSON: Matthew Brush
material analysis service
material storage service
A service that offers liquid nitrogen stroage.
A storage service in which a service consumer provides some material as input which a service provider stores and returns as output.
PERSON: Carlo Torniai
PERSON: Matthew Brush
PERSON: Matthew Brush
material storage service
investigation description
A textual entity that describes an investigation.
Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
study description
project description
true
NIAID GSCID-BRC
investigation description
specimen identifier
A CRID symbol denotes a specimen and used to distinguish one specimen from another in an investigation.
Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
specimen ID
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Specimen ID
NIAID GSCID-BRC
specimen identifier
1
PubMed ID
A CRID symbol that is sufficient to look up a citation from the PubMed, a literature database of life sciences and biomedical information.
Edits was made on Aug 24, 2016 based on OBI dev call, details see tracker: https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/819/
Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
PMID
PubMed Identifier
Website: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:PMID
Publication Citation
NIAID GSCID-BRC
PubMed ID
investigation title
A textual entity that denotes an investigation.
Person:Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
study title
project title
true
NIAID GSCID-BRC
investigation title
Bioinformatics Resource Center
An organization that is one of the Internet-based research centers established and funded by NIAID (the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases). The Bioinformatics Resource Centers (BRCs) were formed in response to the threats posed by emerging and re-emerging pathogens, particularly CDC Category A, B, and C pathogens, and their potential use in bioterrorism. The intention of NIAID in funding these bioinformatics centers is to assist researchers involved in the experimental characterization of such pathogens and the formation of drugs, vaccines, or diagnostic tools to combat them.
Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
BRC
Website: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioinformatics_Resource_Centers
NIAID GSCID-BRC
Bioinformatics Resource Center
country name
A textual entity that denotes a geographic location that is a site or part of a site that is identified as a country in the political geography.
Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Website: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country
Specimen Collection Location - Country
true
NIAID GSCID-BRC
country name
investigation identifier
A CRID symbol used to identify an investigation.
Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zhneg
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
project ID
NIAID GSCID-BRC
investigation identifier
grant identifier
A CRID symbol used to identify a grant.
Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
grant ID
NIAID GSCID-BRC
grant identifier
analytical chromatography
Detection of the presence of blood group A specific antibodies by passing a serum sample through an affinity column containing blood group A carbohydrate, and quantifying the protein content eluted from the column.
An analyte assay that uses a biomaterial's preferential affinity for either the mobile phase or the stationary phase to separate it from other materials and thereby detect its presence in an input material.
IEDB
IEDB
analytical chromatography
grant
A plan specification of organization A to give money to organization B so that B conducts investigations. Organization A has funder role and Organization B has research organization role.
Discussed on Feb 13, 2012 dev call. Details see the tracker:
https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3483338&group_id=177891&atid=886178
Group: OBI
OBI
AR: Grant isn't a plan specification, it has a part which is a plan specification. See tracker: https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3483338&group_id=177891&atid=886178
grant
contact representative role
A role inhering in a person who represents an institution, organization, or service provider and realized when communication is directed at them about the entity they represent.
Discussed on May 7, 2012 dev call
propose:contact role, type of organization role, and create shortcut relation between 'organization role' and 'organization' ?
Whether it works for communicating author in manuscript or not?
Tracker:
https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3512891&group_id=177891&atid=886178
Person: Chris Stoeckert
NIAID GSCID-BRC
contact representative role
selection criterion
rats should be aged between 6 and 8 weeks and weight between 180-250grams
A directive information entity which defines and states a principle of standard by which selection process may take place.
Person: Philippe Rocca-Serra
selection rule
OBI discussion summarized under the following tracker item : http://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/678/
selection criterion
specimen collector role
An Investigation agent role borne by a person or organization which
is realized in a specimen collection process.
Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert
Penn Group
NIAID GSCID-BRC
specimen collector role
drawing a conclusion
Concluding that the length of the hypotenuse is equal to the square root of the sum of squares of the other two sides in a right-triangle.
Concluding that a gene is upregulated in a tissue sample based on the band intensity in a western blot. Concluding that a patient has a infection based on measurement of an elevated body temperature and reported headache. Concluding that there were problems in an investigation because data from PCR and microarray are conflicting.
A planned process in which new information is inferred from existing information.
drawing a conclusion
organization of specimen provider principal investigator
An organization that is the affiliation of the principal investigator providing the specimens for the investigation
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Sample Provider PI's Institution
NIAID GSCID-BRC
organization of specimen provider principal investigator
organization of Bioinformatics Resource Center contact person
An organization that is the affiliation of the person who is contact representative of a Bioinformatics Resource Center
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Bioinformatics Resource Center Contact's Institution
NIAID GSCID-BRC
organization of Bioinformatics Resource Center contact person
Bioinformatics Resource Center contact person
A person who is the contact representative of a Bioinformatics Resource Center
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Bioinformatics Resource Center Contact Name
NIAID GSCID-BRC
Bioinformatics Resource Center contact person
specimen-based scope of investigation specification
Some examples of specimen scope are Monoisolate, Multiisolate, Multi-species, Environment, or Synthetic.
A plan specification which specifies the scope of an investigation based on the heterogeneity of organisms or type of material that are the specified input of specimen collection.
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Sample Scope
NIAID GSCID-BRC
specimen-based scope of investigation specification
specimen repository organization
An organization that provides a service to store and distribute specimens
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Specimen Repository
NIAID GSCID-BRC
specimen repository organization
email address of Bioinformatics Resource Center contact person
An email address of the person who is contact representative of a Bioinformatics Resource Center
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Bioinformatics Resource Center Contact's email
NIAID GSCID-BRC
email address of Bioinformatics Resource Center contact person
sequencing facility contact person
A person who is the contact representative at the sequencing facility
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Sequencing Facility Contact Name
NIAID GSCID-BRC
sequencing facility contact person
specimen provider principal investigator
A person who is a principal investigator and provides the specimen
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Sample Provider Principal Investigator (PI) Name
NIAID GSCID-BRC
specimen provider principal investigator
email address of specimen collector
An email address of the person collecting the specimen
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Specimen Collector's email
NIAID GSCID-BRC
email address of specimen collector
sequencing facility organization
An organization that provides sequence determination service
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Sequencing Facility
NIAID GSCID-BRC
sequencing facility organization
organization of specimen collector
An organization that is the affiliation of the person collecting the specimen
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Specimen Collector's Institution
NIAID GSCID-BRC
organization of specimen collector
email address of sequencing facility contact person
An email address of the contact representative at the sequencing facility
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Sequencing Facility Contact's email
NIAID GSCID-BRC
email address of sequencing facility contact person
specimen collector
A person who collects the specimen
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Specimen Collector Name
NIAID GSCID-BRC
specimen collector
investigation assay specification
Some examples of Project Method are Sequence, Array, Mass Spectrometry
A plan specification which indicates the assay type used to obtain data.
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Project Method
NIAID GSCID-BRC
investigation assay specification
organization of sequencing facility contact person
An organization that is the affiliation of the contact representative at the sequencing facility
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Sequencing Facility Contact's Institution
NIAID GSCID-BRC
organization of sequencing facility contact person
comment on investigation
A textual entity that is about any of the aspects of an investigation worth noting
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Comments
NIAID GSCID-BRC
comment on investigation
specimen identifier assigned by specimen repository
A specimen identifier which is assigned by a specimen repository
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Specimen Repository Sample ID
NIAID GSCID-BRC
specimen identifier assigned by specimen repository
specimen identifier assigned by sequencing facility
A specimen identifier which is assigned by a sequencing facility
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Sample ID - Sequencing Facility
NIAID GSCID-BRC
specimen identifier assigned by sequencing facility
sample preparation for sequencing assay
A sample preparation for assay that preparation of nucleic acids for a sequencing assay
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Nucleic Acid Preparation Method
NIAID GSCID-BRC
sample preparation for sequencing assay
email address of specimen provider principal investigator
An email address of the principal investigator providing the specimens for the investigation
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
Sample Provider PI's email
NIAID GSCID-BRC
email address of specimen provider principal investigator
sequencing service
A service provides sequencing service which is the realization of some sequencing such as RNA and DNA sequencing in which the service provider role is realized.
Person: Jie Zheng
Adpated from 'DNA sequencing service'
NIAID GSCID-BRC
sequencing service
testable hypothesis
that fucoidan has a small statistically significant effect on AT3 level but no useful clinical effect as in-vivo anticoagulant, a paraphrase of part of the last paragraph of the discussion section of the paper 'Pilot clinical study to evaluate the anticoagulant activity of fucoidan', by Lowenthal et. al.PMID:19696660
An information content entity that expresses an assertion that is intended to be tested.
In the Philly 2013 workshop, we recognized the limitations of "hypothesis textual entity", and we introduced this as more general. The need for the 'textual entity' term going forward is up for future debate.
Group:2013 Philly Workshop group
hypothesis
Group:2013 Philly Workshop group
testable hypothesis
conclusion based on data
The conclusion that a gene is upregulated in a tissue sample based on the band intensity in a western blot. The conclusion that a patient has a infection based on measurement of an elevated body temperature and reported headache. The conclusion that there were problems in an investigation because data from PCR and microarray are conflicting.
The following are NOT conclusions based on data: data themselves; results from pure mathematics, e.g. "13 is prime".
An information content entity that is inferred from data.
In the Philly 2013 workshop, we recognized the limitations of "conclusion textual entity", and we introduced this as more general. The need for the 'textual entity' term going forward is up for future debate.
Group:2013 Philly Workshop group
Group:2013 Philly Workshop group
conclusion based on data
selection
PMID: 24023800. In this study, a set of eleven genes (VATP16, 60 S, UQCC, SMD3, EF1α, UBQ, SAND, GAPDH, ACT, PsaB, PTB2) was evaluated to identify reference genes during the first hours of interaction (6, 12, 18 and 24 hpi) between two V. vinifera genotypes and P. viticola. Two analyses were used for the selection of reference genes: direct comparison of susceptible, Trincadeira, and resistant, Regent, V. vinifera cultivars at 0 h, 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours post inoculation with P. viticola (genotype effect); and comparison of each genotype with mock inoculated samples during inoculation time-course (biotic stress effect). Three statistical methods were used, GeNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper, allowing to identify UBQ, EF1α and GAPDH as the most stable genes for the genotype effect.
A planned process which results in the creation of group of entity from a larger group by the application of predefined criteria.
this term refers to a planned process and therefore is distinct from the notion of 'natural selection', a process covering the operation of natural causes by which those individuals of a species that are best adapted to the environment tend to be preserved and to transmit their characters, while those less adapted die out, so that in the course of generations the degree of adaptation to the environment tends progressively to increase. (as defined by Oxford English Dictionary)
Person: Philippe Rocca-Serra
selection process
OBI
selection
1
1
scalar value specification
A value specification that consists of two parts: a numeral and a unit label
PERSON:Bjoern Peters
scalar value specification
comparing prediction to measurement
A planned process in which predicted values for some thing are compared to measured values for that thing.
comparing prediction to measurement
value specification
The value of 'positive' in a classification scheme of "positive or negative"; the value of '20g' on the quantitative scale of mass.
An information content entity that specifies a value within a classification scheme or on a quantitative scale.
This term is currently a descendant of 'information content entity', which requires that it 'is about' something. A value specification of '20g' for a measurement data item of the mass of a particular mouse 'is about' the mass of that mouse. However there are cases where a value specification is not clearly about any particular. In the future we may change 'value specification' to remove the 'is about' requirement.
PERSON:Bjoern Peters
value specification
predicted value
an information content entity that has been generated by a prediction process in which an estimate of a value of an entity is made which can be measured but without performing such a measurement. The value specification is intended to be close to the value a measurement process would produce modulo a prediction error.
PERSON:Bjoern Peters
predicted value
grant agency
An organization that provides funding support for projects such as investigations.
PERSON: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert
funding organization
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
true
NIAID GSCID-BRC
grant agency
'funding organization'
http://vivoweb.org/ontology/core#FundingOrganization
collection of specimens
Blood cells collected from multiple donors over the course of a study.
A material entity that has two or more specimens as its parts.
Details see tracker: https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/778/
Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
OBIB, OBI
Biobank
collection of specimens
specimen set collection process
Collection of both blood and urine specimens in one clinical visit; Taking out liver and brain specimens during an autopsy.
A specimen collection process that generates multiple specimens from one source (e.g. one organism) during a time period which for the purpose of the study can be considered to be taken at the same sampling time.
Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
OBIB, OBI
specimen set collection process
specimens collected in one encounter
Both blood and urine specimens collected in one clinical visit; liver and brain specimens taken during an autopsy.
A collection of specimens that is collected from one source (e.g. one organism) during a time period which for the purpose of the study can be considered to be taken at the same sampling time.
Details see tracker: https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/778/
Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
specimen set
OBIB, OBI
Biobank
specimens collected in one encounter
human specimen set
A specimen set that is collected from one person during a time period which for the purpose of the study can be considered to be taken at the same sampling time.
Details see tracker: https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/778/
Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
Duke Biobank, OBIB, OBI
Biobank
human specimen set
specimens collected longitudinally
A collection of specimens that was derived from the same source material entity at different time points in order to observe changes in that entity.
Details see tracker: https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/778/
Person: Chris Stoeckert
Bjoern Peters, OBI
specimens collected longitudinally
physical store
a freezer. a humidity controlled box.
A container with an environmental control function.
For details see tracker item: http://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/793/
Chris Stoeckert
Duke Biobank, OBIB
Biobank
physical store
digital object identifier
The doi symbol: "10.1109/5.771073" resolves to ieee website: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?reload=true&arnumber=771073
A centrally registered identifier symbol used to uniquely identify objects given by International DOI Foundation. The DOI system is particularly used for electronic documents such as journal articles.
Discussed on Aug 22, 2016 OBI dev call. Details see tracker:
https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/818/
OBI developers
DOI
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier
https://www.doi.org/
digital object identifier
high performance liquid chromotography assay
On-line coupled immunoaffinity chromatography-reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (IAC-HPLC) with detection by quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry using a particle beam interface has been developed for the determination of the steroids, dexamethasone and flumethasone. HEMA (polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate) was evaluated as a support material for the anti-dexamethasone antibodies used in IAC. Antibody cross-reactivity and non-specific binding have been investigated for the HEMA bound anti-dexamethasone IAC column. The on-line IAC-HPLC-MS determination of dexamethasone and flumethasone in post-administration equine urine samples showed precisions (R.S.D.) of 8.0 and 7.1%, respectively, with limits of detection in the range 3-4 ng/ml.
An analytical chromatography assay that utilizes a high performance liquid chromatography instrument for separation of compounts in a solution.
ImmPort
HPLC
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9491555
high performance liquid chromotography assay
bile specimen
A specimen that is derived from bile.
Chris Stoeckert
Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank
bile specimen
feces specimen
A specimen that is derived from feces.
Chris Stoeckert
stool specimen
Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank
true
feces specimen
digestive system fluid or secretion specimen
A specimen that is derived from digestive system fluid or secretion.
Chris Stoeckert
gastric fluid specimen
Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank
digestive system fluid or secretion specimen
milk specimen
A specimen that is derived from milk.
Chris Stoeckert
Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank
milk specimen
saliva specimen
A specimen that is derived from saliva.
Chris Stoeckert
Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank
true
saliva specimen
sputum specimen
A specimen that is derived from sputum.
Chris Stoeckert
Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank
sputum specimen
sweat specimen
A specimen that is derived from sweat.
Chris Stoeckert
Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank
sweat specimen
blood plasma specimen
PMID: 18217225.Sex Transm Dis. 2008 Jan;35(1):55-60. Review.Human immunodeficiency virus viral load in blood plasma and semen: review and implications of empirical findings.
a material entity which corresponds to the liquid component of blood, in which the blood cells are suspended.
03/21/2010: BP, blood plasma is defined as the output of certain separation processes, so this is in the domain of OBI, not FMA.
PERSON: Maura Gasparetto
PERSON: Melanie Courtot
PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra
plasma
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_plasma
true
blood plasma specimen
blood serum specimen
PMID: 18229666.Adv Med Sci. 2007;52 Suppl 1:204-6.Antioxidant activity of blood serum and saliva in patients with periodontal disease treated due to epilepsy.
A material entity which derives from blood and corresponds to blood plasma without fibrinogen or the other clotting factors.
PERSON: Maura Gasparetto
PERSON: Melanie Courtot
PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_plasma
true
blood serum specimen
organism
animal
fungus
plant
virus
A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs.
10/21/09: This is a placeholder term, that should ideally be imported from the NCBI taxonomy, but the high level hierarchy there does not suit our needs (includes plasmids and 'other organisms')
13-02-2009:
OBI doesn't take position as to when an organism starts or ends being an organism - e.g. sperm, foetus.
This issue is outside the scope of OBI.
GROUP: OBI Biomaterial Branch
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism
organism
specimen
Biobanking of blood taken and stored in a freezer for potential future investigations stores specimen.
A material entity that has the specimen role.
Note: definition is in specimen creation objective which is defined as an objective to obtain and store a material entity for potential use as an input during an investigation.
PERSON: James Malone
PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra
GROUP: OBI Biomaterial Branch
specimen
glucose in solution
Glucose present in blood
A scattered aggregate of glucose molecules in a liquid
PERSON: Jie Zheng
glucose molecules
glucose in solution
data transformation
The application of a clustering protocol to microarray data or the application of a statistical testing method on a primary data set to determine a p-value.
A planned process that produces output data from input data.
Elisabetta Manduchi
Helen Parkinson
James Malone
Melanie Courtot
Philippe Rocca-Serra
Richard Scheuermann
Ryan Brinkman
Tina Hernandez-Boussard
data analysis
data processing
Branch editors
data transformation
data transformation objective
normalize objective
An objective specification to transformation input data into output data
Modified definition in 2013 Philly OBI workshop
James Malone
PERSON: James Malone
data transformation objective
data normalization objective
Quantile transformation which has normalization objective can be used for expression microarray assay normalization and it is referred to as "quantile normalization", according to the procedure described e.g. in PMID 12538238.
A normalization objective is a data transformation objective where the aim is to remove
systematic sources of variation to put the data on equal footing in order
to create a common base for comparisons.
Elisabetta Manduchi
Helen Parkinson
James Malone
PERSON: Elisabetta Manduchi
PERSON: Helen Parkinson
PERSON: James Malone
data normalization objective
normalization data transformation
A normalization data transformation is a data transformation that has objective normalization.
James Malone
PERSON: James Malone
normalization data transformation
scaling objective
Scaling gene expression data for cross platform analysis http://www.springerprotocols.com/Abstract/doi/10.1007/978-1-59745-454-4_13
is a data transformation objective where all, or some of a data set is adjusted by some data transformation according to some scale, for example a user defined minimum or maximum
Awaiting English definition from Monnie McGee
James Malone
Person:Helen Parkinson
scaling objective
sequential design
PMID: 17710740.Pharm Stat. 2007 Aug 20.Sequential design approaches for bioequivalence studies with crossover designs.
Any design in which the decision as to whether to enroll the next patient, pair of patients, or block of patients is determined by whether the cumulative treatment difference for all previous patients is within specified limits. Enrollment is continued if the difference does not exceed the limits. It is terminated if it does
Philippe Rocca-Serra
MUSC
Provenance: OCI
sequential design
observation design
PMID: 12387964.Lancet. 2002 Oct 12;360(9340):1144-9.Deficiency of antibacterial peptides in patients with morbus Kostmann: an observation study.
observation design is a study design in which subjects are monitored in the absence of any active intervention by experimentalists.
Philippe Rocca-Serra
OBI branch derived
observation design
pool of specimens
A pool of specimens is a mixture of a population of samples which have been gathered from one or more sample populations, obtained by the physical process of mixing individual specimens, e.g. mixing the DNA collected from the individual fish.
check with advisors as to how to represent multiple instances of any class? a set of specimens which have been gathered from one or more sample_populations, obtained by the physical process of mixing individual specimens, e.g. mixing the DNA collected from the individual fish
PERSON: Jennifer Fostel
GROUP: CEBS
pool of specimens
validated information
PMID: 20084519: "..Three of four interactions were validated via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in an independent sample of healthy controls;..."
an information content entity which results from a validation process aimed at confirming a claim, a finding or a predicted information entity about a material entity or a process by experimental means.
Person:Philippe Rocca-Serra
OBI
validated information
curated information
PMID: 17344875: A curated compendium of phosphorylation motifs.Nat Biotechnol. 2007 Mar;25(3):285-6.
A information content entity that has undergone a digital curation performed by a curator for accuracy checks and compliance with curation requirements. Information which has been assessed for accuracy by domain experts.
2009-11-10 Bjoern Peters. Need to check if this was intended. overlap with 'edited information', and has the same logical restrictions.
2010-01-31 Philippe Rocca-Serra: restriction now changed to be the output of a digital curation process + reflected in example of usage and reference
Person:Bjoern Peters
Person:Philippe Rocca-Serra
OBI
curated information
randomized group participant role
A person enrolled in a randomized clinical trial bears a randomized group participant role
a role that borne by an organism and realized by some group randomization process
Person:Helen Parkinson
Philippe Rocca-Serra
randomized group participant role
filtration
PMID: 18524968.Filtration of CSF improves isolation of Mycobacteria.J Clin Microbiol. 2008 Jun 4.
filtration is a process which separates components suspended in a fluid based on granularity properties relying on a filter device
Philippe Rocca-Serra
OBI-Branch: adapted from wikipedia and wordnet
filtration
centrifugation
PMID: 18428461.Purification of oligodendrocytes and their progenitors using immunomagnetic separation and Percoll gradient centrifugation. Curr Protoc Neurosci. 2001 May;Chapter 3:Unit 3.12.
centrifugation is a process separating molecules by size or density using centrifugal forces generated by a spinning rotor. G-forces of several hundred thousand times gravity are generated in ultracentrifugation
Philippe Rocca-Serra
adapted from http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/X3910E/X3910E06.htm
centrifugation
storage
PMID: 18550121.Total Prostate Specific Antigen Stability Confirmed After Long-Term Storage of Serum at -80C. J Urol. 2008 Jun 10.
A maintenance process by which material entities that are not actively metabolizing are placed in well identified location and possibly under controlled environment in ad-hoc devices/structures in order to preserve and protect them from decay/alteration and maintain availability
Philippe Rocca-Serra
OBI-Branch
storage
group randomization
PMID: 18349405. Randomization reveals unexpected acute leukemias in Southwest Oncology Group prostate cancer trial. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Mar 20;26(9):1532-6.
A group assignment which relies on chance to assign materials to a group of materials in order to avoid bias in experimental set up.
Philippe Rocca-Serra
adapted from wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randomization]
true
group randomization
document editing
Wax DB, Beilin Y, Hossain S, Lin HM, Reich DL.
Manual editing of automatically recorded data in an anesthesia information management system. Anesthesiology. 2008 Nov;109(5):811-5. PMID: 18946292
is a planned process with specified input original document and specified output edited document
Philippe Rocca-Serra and OBI consortium
adapted from wikipedia
document editing
validation
PMID: 18557814 . Chemical and genetic validation of dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase as a drug target in African trypanosomes. Mol Microbiol. 2008 Jun 16.
a planned process with objective to check that the accuracy or the quality of a claim or prediction satisfies some criteria and which is assessed by comparing with independent results
Philippe Rocca-Serra
adapted from wordnet (wkipedia)
validation
digital curation
PMID: 16901087. Supporting the curation of biological databases with reusable text mining.Genome Inform. 2005;16(2):32-44.
Digital curation is the process of establishing and developing long term repositories of digital assets for current and future reference by researchers, scientists, and historians, and scholars generally.
Philippe Rocca-Serra
wikipedia
digital curation
centrifuge
A device with a rapidly rotating container that applies centrifugal force to its contents
Melanie Courtot
Person: Jennifer Fostel
Trish Whetzel
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifuge
centrifuge
study design
a matched pairs study design describes criteria by which subjects are identified as pairs which then undergo the same protocols, and the data generated is analyzed by comparing the differences between the paired subjects, which constitute the results of the executed study design.
A plan specification comprised of protocols (which may specify how and what kinds of data will be gathered) that are executed as part of an investigation and is realized during a study design execution.
Editor note: there is at least an implicit restriction on the kind of data transformations that can be done based on the measured data available.
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert
experimental design
rediscussed at length (MC/JF/BP). 12/9/08). The definition was clarified to differentiate it from protocol.
true
study design
clinical study design
PMID: 17655677.J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2007 Aug;18(9):965-71.Biventricular versus right ventricular pacing in patients with AV block (BLOCK HF): clinical study design and rationale.
Plan for the precise procedure to be followed in a clinical trial, including planned and actual timing of events, choice of control group, method of allocating treatments, blinding methods; assigns a subject to pass through one or more epochs in the course of a trial. Specific design elements, e.g., crossover, parallel; dose-escalation [Modified from Pocock, Clinical Trials: A Practical Approach]
The definition needs to be extended to other things than simply patients
PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch
Clinical Research Glossary Version 4.0 CDICS glossary group
clinical study design
repeated measure design
PMID: 10959922.J Biopharm Stat. 2000 Aug;10(3):433-45.Equivalence in test assay method comparisons for the repeated-measure, matched-pair design in medical device studies: statistical considerations.
a study design which use the same individuals and exposure them to a set of conditions. The effect of order and practice can be confounding factor in such designs
PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch
http://www.holah.karoo.net/experimentaldesigns.htm
repeated measure design
cross over design
PMID: 17601993-Objective: HIV-infected patients with lipodystrophy (HIV-lipodystrophy) are insulin resistant and have elevated plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations. We aimed to explore the mechanisms underlying FFA-induced insulin resistance in patients with HIV-lipodystrophy. Research Design and Methods: Using a randomized placebo-controlled cross-over design, we studied the effects of an overnight acipimox-induced suppression of FFA on glucose and FFA metabolism by using stable isotope labelled tracer techniques during basal conditions and a two-stage euglycemic, hyperinsulinemic clamp (20 mU insulin/m(2)/min; 50 mU insulin/m(2)/min) in nine patients with nondiabetic HIV-lipodystrophy. All patients received antiretroviral therapy. Biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle were obtained during each stage of the clamp. Results: Acipimox treatment reduced basal FFA rate of appearance by 68.9% (52.6%-79.5%) and decreased plasma FFA concentration by 51.6 % (42.0%-58.9%), (both, P < 0.0001). Endogenous glucose production was not influenced by acipimox. During the clamp the increase in glucose-uptake was significantly greater after acipimox treatment compared to placebo (acipimox: 26.85 (18.09-39.86) vs placebo: 20.30 (13.67-30.13) mumol/kg/min; P < 0.01). Insulin increased phosphorylation of Akt (Thr(308)) and GSK-3beta (Ser(9)), decreased phosphorylation of glycogen synthase (GS) site 3a+b and increased GS-activity (I-form) in skeletal muscle (P < 0.01). Acipimox decreased phosphorylation of GS (site 3a+b) (P < 0.02) and increased GS-activity (P < 0.01) in muscle. Conclusion: The present study provides direct evidence that suppression of lipolysis in patients with HIV-lipodystrophy improves insulin-stimulated peripheral glucose-uptake. The increased glucose-uptake may in part be explained by increased dephosphorylation of GS (site 3a+b) resulting in increased GS activity.
a repeated measure design which ensures that experimental units receive, in sequence, the treatment (or the control), and then, after a specified time interval (aka *wash-out periods*), switch to the control (or treatment). In this design, subjects (patients in human context) serve as their own controls, and randomization may be used to determine the ordering which a subject receives the treatment and control
Philippe Rocca-Serra
(source: http://www.sbu.se/Filer/Content0/publikationer/1/literaturesearching_1993/glossary.html)
cross over design
n-to-1 design
N-of-1 design is a cross-over design in which the same patient is repeatedly randomised to receive either the experimental treatment or its control (Senn, 1993).
Philippe Rocca-Serra
Adapted from http://www.childrens-mercy.org/stats/definitions/crossover.htm and source:http://symptomresearch.nih.gov/chapter_6/sec1/csss1pg1.htm)
n-to-1 design
matched pairs design
PMID: 17288613-BSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Physicians in Canadian emergency departments (EDs) annually treat 185,000 alert and stable trauma victims who are at risk for cervical spine (C-spine) injury. However, only 0.9% of these patients have suffered a cervical spine fracture. Current use of radiography is not efficient. The Canadian C-Spine Rule is designed to allow physicians to be more selective and accurate in ordering C-spine radiography, and to rapidly clear the C-spine without the need for radiography in many patients. The goal of this phase III study is to evaluate the effectiveness of an active strategy to implement the Canadian C-Spine Rule into physician practice. Specific objectives are to: 1) determine clinical impact, 2) determine sustainability, 3) evaluate performance, and 4) conduct an economic evaluation. METHODS: We propose a matched-pair cluster design study that compares outcomes during three consecutive 12-months before, after, and decay periods at six pairs of intervention and control sites. These 12 hospital ED sites will be stratified as teaching or community hospitals, matched according to baseline C-spine radiography ordering rates, and then allocated within each pair to either intervention or control groups. During the after period at the intervention sites, simple and inexpensive strategies will be employed to actively implement the Canadian C-Spine Rule. The following outcomes will be assessed: 1) measures of clinical impact, 2) performance of the Canadian C-Spine Rule, and 3) economic measures. During the 12-month decay period, implementation strategies will continue, allowing us to evaluate the sustainability of the effect. We estimate a sample size of 4,800 patients in each period in order to have adequate power to evaluate the main outcomes. DISCUSSION: Phase I successfully derived the Canadian C-Spine Rule and phase II confirmed the accuracy and safety of the rule, hence, the potential for physicians to improve care. What remains unknown is the actual change in clinical behaviors that can be affected by implementation of the Canadian C-Spine Rule, and whether implementation can be achieved with simple and inexpensive measures. We believe that the Canadian C-Spine Rule has the potential to significantly reduce health care costs and improve the efficiency of patient flow in busy Canadian EDs.
A matched pair design is a study design which use groups of individuals associated (hence matched) to each other based on a set of criteria, one member going to one treatment, the other member receiving the other treatment.
Philippe Rocca-Serra
http://www.holah.karoo.net/experimentaldesigns.htm
matched pairs design
parallel group design
PMID: 17408389-Purpose: Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is the most important reason for blindness following retinal detachment. Presently, vitreous tamponades such as gas or silicone oil cannot contact the lower part of the retina. A heavier-than-water tamponade displaces the inflammatory and PVR-stimulating environment from the inferior area of the retina. The Heavy Silicone Oil versus Standard Silicone Oil Study (HSO Study) is designed to answer the question of whether a heavier-than-water tamponade improves the prognosis of eyes with PVR of the lower retina. Methods: The HSO Study is a multicentre, randomized, prospective controlled clinical trial comparing two endotamponades within a two-arm parallel group design. Patients with inferiorly and posteriorly located PVR are randomized to either heavy silicone oil or standard silicone oil as a tamponading agent. Three hundred and fifty consecutive patients are recruited per group. After intraoperative re-attachment, patients are randomized to either standard silicone oil (1000 cSt or 5000 cSt) or Densiron((R)) as a tamponading agent. The main endpoint criteria are complete retinal attachment at 12 months and change of visual acuity (VA) 12 months postoperatively compared with the preoperative VA. Secondary endpoints include complete retinal attachment before endotamponade removal, quality of life analysis and the number of retina affecting re-operation within 1 year of follow-up. Results: The design and early recruitment phase of the study are described. Conclusions: The results of this study will uncover whether or not heavy silicone oil improves the prognosis of eyes with PVR.
A parallel group design or independent measure design is a study design which uses unique experimental unit each experimental group, in other word no two individuals are shared between experimental groups, hence also known as parallel group design. Subjects of a treatment group receive a unique combination of independent variable values making up a treatment
Philippe Rocca-Serra
independent measure design
http://www.holah.karoo.net/experimentaldesigns.htm
parallel group design
randomized complete block design
http://www.stats.gla.ac.uk/steps/glossary/anova.html,(A researcher is carrying out a study of the effectiveness of four different skin creams for the treatment of a certain skin disease. He has eighty subjects and plans to divide them into 4 treatment groups of twenty subjects each. Using a randomised blocks& design, the subjects are assessed and put in blocks of four according to how severe their skin condition is; the four most severe cases are the first block, the next four most severe cases are the second block, and so on to the twentieth block. The four &members of each block are then randomly assigned, one to each of the four treatment groups. http://www.stats.gla.ac.uk/steps/glossary/anova.html#rbd))
A randomized complete block design is_a study design which assigns randomly treatments to block. The number of units per block equals the number of treatment so each block receives each treatment exactly once (hence the qualifier 'complete'). The design was originally devised from field trials used in agronomy and agriculture. The analysis assumes that there is no interaction between block and treatment. The method was then used in other settings So The randomised complete block design is a design in which the subjects are matched according to a variable which the experimenter wishes to control. The subjects are put into groups (blocks) of the same size as the number of treatments. The members of each block are then randomly assigned to different treatment groups.
Philippe Rocca-Serra
http://www.tufts.edu/~gdallal/ranblock.htm
randomized complete block design
balanced incomplete block design
PMID: 7622388.Health Educ Q. 1995 May;22(2):201-10.Balanced incomplete block design: description, case study, and implications for practice.
balanced incomplete block design is a kind of factorial design where all treatment pairs occur together within a block an equal number ?? times. ??ii' is the number of times treatment i occurs with i'
Philippe Rocca-Serra
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_design and http://www.stat.psu.edu/~jglenn/stat503/05_factorial/02_factorial_IBD.html
balanced incomplete block design
loop design
PMID: 12933549
A loop experiment design is where labeled extracts are compared in consecutive pairs. synonym: circular design
Philippe Rocca-Serra on behalf of MO
MO_912
loop design
reference design
PMID: 12933549
A reference experiment design type is where all samples are compared to a common reference.
Philippe Rocca-Serra on behalf of MO
MO_699
reference design
latin square design
PMID: 17582121-Our objective was to examine the effects of dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) with different concentrations of dietary crude protein (CP) on performance and acid-base status in early lactation cows. Six lactating Holstein cows averaging 44 d in milk were used in a 6 x 6 Latin square design with a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments: DCAD of -3, 22, or 47 milliequivalents (Na + K - Cl - S)/100 g of dry matter (DM), and 16 or 19% CP on a DM basis. Linear increases with DCAD occurred in DM intake, milk fat percentage, 4% fat-corrected milk production, milk true protein, milk lactose, and milk solids-not-fat. Milk production itself was unaffected by DCAD. Jugular venous blood pH, base excess and HCO3(-) concentration, and urine pH increased, but jugular venous blood Cl- concentration, urine titratable acidity, and net acid excretion decreased linearly with increasing DCAD. An elevated ratio of coccygeal venous plasma essential AA to nonessential AA with increasing DCAD indicated that N metabolism in the rumen was affected, probably resulting in more microbial protein flowing to the small intestine. Cows fed 16% CP had lower urea N in milk than cows fed 19% CP; the same was true for urea N in coccygeal venous plasma and urine. Dry matter intake, milk production, milk composition, and acid-base status did not differ between the 16 and 19% CP treatments. It was concluded that DCAD affected DM intake and performance of dairy cows in early lactation. Feeding 16% dietary CP to cows in early lactation, compared with 19% CP, maintained lactation performance while reducing urea N excretion in milk and urine.
Latin square design is_a study design which allows in its simpler form controlling 2 levels of nuisance variables (also known as blocking variables).he 2 nuisance factors are divided into a tabular grid with the property that each row and each column receive each treatment exactly once.
Philippe Rocca-Serra
Adapted from: http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/pri/section3/pri3321.htm and
latin square design
graeco latin square design
PMID: 6846242-Beaton et al (Am J Clin Nutr 1979;32:2546-59) reported on the partitioning of variance in 1-day dietary data for the intake of energy, protein, total carbohydrate, total fat, classes of fatty acids, cholesterol, and alcohol. Using the same food intake data and the expanded National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute food composition data base, these analyses of sources of variance have been expanded to include classes of carbohydrate, vitamin A, vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, iron, total ash, caffeine, and crude fiber. The analyses relate to observed intakes (replicated six times) of 30 adult males and 30 adult females obtained under a paired Graeco-Latin square design with sequence of interview, interviewer, and day of the week as determinants. Neither sequence nor interviewer made consistent contribution to variance. In females, day of the week had a significant effect for several nutrients. The major partitioning of variance was between interindividual variation (between subjects) and intraindividual variation (within subjects) which included both true day-to-day variation in intake and methodological variation. For all except caffeine, the intraindividual variability of 1-day data was larger than the interindividual variability. For vitamin A, almost all of the variance was associated with day-to-day variability. One day data provide a very inadequate estimate of usual intake of individuals. In the design of nutrition studies it is critical that the intended use of dietary data be a major consideration in deciding on methodology. There is no ideal dietary method. There may be preferred methods for particular purposes.
Greco-Latin square design is a study design which relates to Latin square design
Philippe Rocca-Serra
Adapted from: http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/pri/section3/pri3321.htm and
only 2 articles in pubmed ->probably irrelevant
graeco latin square design
hyper graeco latin square design
PRS to do
Philippe Rocca-Serra
Adapted from: http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/pri/section3/pri3321.htm and
no example found in pubmed->not in use in the community
hyper graeco latin square design
factorial design
PMID: 17582121-Our objective was to examine the effects of dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) with different concentrations of dietary crude protein (CP) on performance and acid-base status in early lactation cows. Six lactating Holstein cows averaging 44 d in milk were used in a 6 x 6 Latin square design with a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments: DCAD of -3, 22, or 47 milliequivalents (Na + K - Cl - S)/100 g of dry matter (DM), and 16 or 19% CP on a DM basis. Linear increases with DCAD occurred in DM intake, milk fat percentage, 4% fat-corrected milk production, milk true protein, milk lactose, and milk solids-not-fat. Milk production itself was unaffected by DCAD. Jugular venous blood pH, base excess and HCO3(-) concentration, and urine pH increased, but jugular venous blood Cl- concentration, urine titratable acidity, and net acid excretion decreased linearly with increasing DCAD. An elevated ratio of coccygeal venous plasma essential AA to nonessential AA with increasing DCAD indicated that N metabolism in the rumen was affected, probably resulting in more microbial protein flowing to the small intestine. Cows fed 16% CP had lower urea N in milk than cows fed 19% CP; the same was true for urea N in coccygeal venous plasma and urine. Dry matter intake, milk production, milk composition, and acid-base status did not differ between the 16 and 19% CP treatments. It was concluded that DCAD affected DM intake and performance of dairy cows in early lactation. Feeding 16% dietary CP to cows in early lactation, compared with 19% CP, maintained lactation performance while reducing urea N excretion in milk and urine.
factorial design is_a study design which is used to evaluate two or more factors simultaneously. The treatments are combinations of levels of the factors. The advantages of factorial designs over one-factor-at-a-time experiments is that they are more efficient and they allow interactions to be detected. In statistics, a factorial design experiment is an experiment whose design consists of two or more factors, each with discrete possible values or levels, and whose experimental units take on all possible combinations of these levels across all such factors. Such an experiment allows studying the effect of each factor on the response variable, as well as the effects of interactions between factors on the response variable.
Philippe Rocca-Serra
http://www.stats.gla.ac.uk/steps/glossary/anova.html#facdes And from wikipedia (01/03/2007): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorial_experiment)
factorial design
2x2 factorial design
PMID: 17561240-The present experiment evaluates the effects of intermittent exposure to a social stimulus on ethanol and water drinking in rats. Four groups of rats were arranged in a 2x2 factorial design with 2 levels of Social procedure (Intermittent Social vs Continuous Social) and 2 levels of sipper Liquid (Ethanol vs Water). Intermittent Social groups received 35 trials per session. Each trial consisted of the insertion of the sipper tube for 10 s followed by lifting of the guillotine door for 15 s. The guillotine door separated the experimental rat from the conspecific rat in the wire mesh cage during the 60 s inter-trial interval. The Continuous Social groups received similar procedures except that the guillotine door was raised during the entire duration of the session. For the Ethanol groups, the concentrations of ethanol in the sipper [3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16% (vol/vol)] increased across sessions, while the Water groups received 0% ethanol (water) in the sipper throughout the experiment. Both Social procedures induced more intake of ethanol than water. The Intermittent Social procedure induced more ethanol intake at the two highest ethanol concentration blocks (10-12% and 14-16%) than the Continuous Social procedure, but this effect was not observed with water. Effects of social stimulation on ethanol drinking are discussed.
a factorial design which has 2 experimental factors (aka independent variables) and 2 factor levels per experimental factors
Philippe Rocca-Serra
PMID: 17561240
2x2 factorial design
fractional factorial design
A fractional factorial design is_a study design in which only an adequately chosen fraction of the treatment combinations required for the complete factorial experiment is selected to be run
Philippe Rocca-Serra
http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/pri/section3/pri334.htm From ASQC (1983) Glossary & Tables for Statistical Quality Control
fractional factorial design
dye swap design
PMID: 17411393-Dye-specific bias effects, commonly observed in the two-color microarray platform, are normally corrected using the dye swap design. This design, however, is relatively expensive and labor-intensive. We propose a self-self hybridization design as an alternative to the dye swap design. In this design, the treated and control samples are labeled with Cy5 and Cy3 (or Cy3 and Cy5), respectively, without dye swap, along with a set of self-self hybridizations on the control sample. We compare this design with the dye swap design through investigation of mouse primary hepatocytes treated with three peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) agonists at three dose levels. Using Agilent's Whole Mouse Genome microarray, differentially expressed genes (DEG) were determined for both the self-self hybridization and dye swap designs. The DEG concordance between the two designs was over 80% across each dose treatment and chemical. Furthermore, 90% of DEG-associated biological pathways were in common between the designs, indicating that biological interpretations would be consistent. The reduced labor and expense for the self-self hybridization design make it an efficient substitute for the dye swap design. For example, in larger toxicogenomic studies, only about half the chips are required for the self-self hybridization design compared to that needed in the dye swap design.
An experiment design type where the label orientations are reversed. exact synonym: flip dye, dye flip
Philippe Rocca-Serra on behalf of MO
MO_858
dye swap design
replicate design
A replicate experimental design type is where a series of replicates are performed to evaluate reproducibility or as a pilot study to determine the appropriate number of replicates for a subsequent experiments.
Philippe Rocca-Serra on behalf of MO
MO_885
replicate design
self vs self design
PMID: 17411393-Dye-specific bias effects, commonly observed in the two-color microarray platform, are normally corrected using the dye swap design. This design, however, is relatively expensive and labor-intensive. We propose a self-self hybridization design as an alternative to the dye swap design. In this design, the treated and control samples are labeled with Cy5 and Cy3 (or Cy3 and Cy5), respectively, without dye swap, along with a set of self-self hybridizations on the control sample. We compare this design with the dye swap design through investigation of mouse primary hepatocytes treated with three peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) agonists at three dose levels. Using Agilent's Whole Mouse Genome microarray, differentially expressed genes (DEG) were determined for both the self-self hybridization and dye swap designs. The DEG concordance between the two designs was over 80% across each dose treatment and chemical. Furthermore, 90% of DEG-associated biological pathways were in common between the designs, indicating that biological interpretations would be consistent. The reduced labor and expense for the self-self hybridization design make it an efficient substitute for the dye swap design. For example, in larger toxicogenomic studies, only about half the chips are required for the self-self hybridization design compared to that needed in the dye swap design.
A study design that investigates variance and error estimates in the experimental system, and is where the same extract is compared.
Philippe Rocca-Serra on behalf of MO
MO_490
self vs self design
time series design
PMID: 14744830-Microarrays are powerful tools for surveying the expression levels of many thousands of genes simultaneously. They belong to the new genomics technologies which have important applications in the biological, agricultural and pharmaceutical sciences. There are myriad sources of uncertainty in microarray experiments, and rigorous experimental design is essential for fully realizing the potential of these valuable resources. Two questions frequently asked by biologists on the brink of conducting cDNA or two-colour, spotted microarray experiments are 'Which mRNA samples should be competitively hybridized together on the same slide?' and 'How many times should each slide be replicated?' Early experience has shown that whilst the field of classical experimental design has much to offer this emerging multi-disciplinary area, new approaches which accommodate features specific to the microarray context are needed. In this paper, we propose optimal designs for factorial and time course experiments, which are special designs arising quite frequently in microarray experimentation. Our criterion for optimality is statistical efficiency based on a new notion of admissible designs; our approach enables efficient designs to be selected subject to the information available on the effects of most interest to biologists, the number of arrays available for the experiment, and other resource or practical constraints, including limitations on the amount of mRNA probe. We show that our designs are superior to both the popular reference designs, which are highly inefficient, and to designs incorporating all possible direct pairwise comparisons. Moreover, our proposed designs represent a substantial practical improvement over classical experimental designs which work in terms of standard interactions and main effects. The latter do not provide a basis for meaningful inference on the effects of most interest to biologists, nor make the most efficient use of valuable and limited resources.
Groups of assays that are related as part of a time series.
Philippe Rocca-Serra on behalf of MO
MO_887
time series design
stopping rule
PMID: 17591081-BACKGROUND/AIMS: To investigate the viral kinetics of Chinese CHC patients received pegylated interferon plus ribavirin and examine the impact of HCV genotypes and severity of liver disease. METHODOLOGY: 65 treatment-naove CHC patients who finished a 24-week therapy with peginterferon (alpha-2b (1.5 mcg/kg/week) plus ribavirin (1000-1200 mg /day) and 24 weeks of follow-up were enrolled. Hepatic fibrosis was graded by the METAVIR scoring system. Serum quantitative HCV RNA was determined by Versant HCV RNA 3.0 assay (Bayer Inc.). RESULTS: Genotype non-1 patients responded quickly and a higher percentage of them achieved undetectable HCV RNA (< 615 IU/mL) at week 4 compared with genotype 1 patients (93% vs. 69%, p = 0.018). Degree of hepatic fibrosis significantly affected end-of-treatment and sustained response (SVR). For patients who did not achieve early virological response (EVR), the negative predictive value for SVR was 100%. In genotype 1 patients, undetectable HCV RNA by week 4 was a good marker to predict treatment response, with a positive predictive value of 84% and a negative predictive value of 82%. CONCLUSIONS: EVR can be applied to Chinese patients as an early stopping rule. A 24-week duration of pegylated IFN/ribavirin might be adequate for genotype 1 patients who rapidly responded to therapy.
a stopping rule (criterion) is_a *rule* which causes a *stopping process* to happen
PRS
PRS
stopping rule
compliance rule
a compliance rule is a rule which ensures a compliance process occurs
PRS
PRS
compliance rule
standard compliance rule
a standard compliance rule is a compliance rule which defines conformity to a representation standard
PRS
PRS
standard compliance rule
ethical standard compliance rule
an ethical standard compliance rule is_a *compliance rule* which enable a *ethical compliance process* to occur
PRS
PRS
ethical standard compliance rule
eligibility criterion
PMID: 17579629 -Eligibility criteria included: untreated ED-SCLC; age >/=70 and performance status 0-2, or age <70 and PS 3.
an eligibility criterion (rule) is_a selection criterion which
defines and states the requirements (positive or negative) for an entity to be considered as suitable for a given task or participation in a process.
Person: Philippe Rocca-Serra
eligibility rule
Adapted from Clinical Research Glossary Version 4.0 CDICS glossary group
eligibility criterion
inclusion criteria
PMID: 23979341-The major inclusion criterion was patients in whom severe cerebral embolism was diagnosed at age 75 or younger (more than 9 in the NIHSS score on day 7 after the onset of stroke) .
an inclusion criterion (rule) is_a *eligibility criterion* which defines and states a condition which, if met, makes an entity suitable for a given task or participation in a given process. For instance, in a study protocol, inclusion criteria indicate the conditions that prospective subjects MUST meet to be eligible for participation in a study.
Person: Philippe Rocca-Serra
inclusion condition
inclusion rule
Adapted from Clinical Research Glossary Version 4.0 CDICS glossary group
true
inclusion criteria
exclusion criterion
PMID: 17600285-Exclusion criteria included the use of any topical ophthalmic or topical oral medication and/or history of ocular or oral surgery within the past six months.
an exclusion criterion (rule) is_a *eligibility criterion* which defines and states a condition which, if met, makes an entity unsuitable for a given task or participation in a given process. For instance, in a study protocol, exclusion criteria indicate the conditions that prospective subjects SHOULD NOT meet to be eligible for participation in a study
Person: Philippe Rocca-Serra
Adapted from Clinical Research Glossary Version 4.0 CDICS glossary group
true
exclusion criterion
performing a clinical assessment
a protocol application during which a series of tests are made of a patient leading to determination of disease state, or condition.
PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch
clinical diagnosis
OBI branch derived
(maybe CIO)
performing a clinical assessment
human subject enrollment
enlisting familiy members of HIV patients into a study
A planned process with the objective to obtain a population of human subjects to participate in an investigation by determining eligibility of subjects and obtaining informed consent.
As with group assignment, should the specified output here be an organism which bears a role
Bjoern Peters
IEDB
criteria come from plan / clinical trial branch
human subject enrollment
collecting specimen from organism
taking a sputum sample from a cancer patient, taking the spleen from a killed mouse, collecting a urine sample from a patient
a process with the objective to obtain a material entity that was part of an organism for potential future use in an investigation
PERSON:Bjoern Peters
IEDB
collecting specimen from organism
1
administering substance in vivo
Balb/c mice received an intracameral or subconjunctival injection of trinitrophenylated spleen cells
injecting mice with 10 ug morphine intranasally, a patient taking two pills of 1 mg aspirin orally
A process by which a substance is intentionally given to an organism resulting in exposure of the organism to that substance.
2009-11-10. Tracker: https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=2893050&group_id=177891&atid=886178
Different routes and means of administration should go as children underneath this
Update the definition based on the discussion. Details see the tracker:
https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/738/
needs roles such as perturber and perturbee (children of input role). Perturb is too strong. Host might be the name for one role. Others considered: Doner, Donated, Acceptor.
Bjoern Peters
Person:Bjoern Peters
IEDB
administering substance in vivo
material component separation
Using a cell sorter to separate a mixture of T cells into two fractions; one with surface receptor CD8 and the other lacking the receptor, or purification
a material processing in which components of an input material become segregated in space
Bjoern Peters
IEDB
material component separation
group assignment
Assigning' to be treated with active ingredient role' to an organism during group assignment. The group is those organisms that have the same role in the context of an investigation
group assignment is a process which has an organism as specified input and during which a role is assigned
Philippe Rocca-Serra
cohort assignment
study assignment
OBI Plan
group assignment
sequencing assay
The use of the Sanger method of DNA sequencing to determine the order of the nucleotides in a DNA template
the use of a chemical or biochemical means to infer the sequence of a biomaterial
has_output should be sequence of input; we don't have sequence well defined yet
PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch
OBI branch derived
sequencing assay
dialysis
the use of a dialysis bag of select pore size to remove salt from collagen isolated from mouse cartilage
a protocol application that uses diffusion through a semi-permeable membrane to separate an input material into two fractions of different composition
PERSON:Kevin Clancy
OBI branch derived
dialysis
disposition to cause an allergic reaction
The role borne by a material entity that is realized when it is recognized by the immune system and results in the occurrence of an allergic disease.
IEDB
allergenic disposition
IEDB
disposition to cause an allergic reaction
allergic reaction
an allergic reaction is an pathologic immune response by an organism to a non-self entity that is normally harmless(the allergen)
IEDB
IEDB
allergic reaction
occurrence of allergy
The process of an allergic disease occurring in an organism.
IEDB
IEDB
occurrence of allergy
infectious disease
is a disease caused by an infectious agent
IEDB
IEDB
infectious disease
allergy
is a disease in which an abnormally strong inflammatory immune response is triggered against non-self entities, and the immune response has no protective effect
IEDB
IEDB
allergy
cancer
A disease characterized by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division
IEDB
IEDB
cancer
autoimmune disease
Is a disease characterized by an immune response of an organism against parts of itself
IEDB
IEDB
autoimmune disease
blood harvesting
A material separation where blood is taken from an organism.
IEDB
IEDB
blood harvesting
pathologic process
abnormal, harmful processes caused by or associated with a disease
IEDB
IEDB
pathologic process
allergen
Birch pollen is an allergen
A material entity bearing the disposition to cause an allergic reaction
IEDB
IEDB
allergen
A representation that is either the output of a clinical history taking or a physical examination or an image finding, or some combination thereof.
Albert Goldfain
http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf
creation date: 2010-07-19T10:18:02Z
clinical finding
clinical history
A series of statements representing health-relevant qualities of a patient and of a patient's family.
clinical history
A representation of a quality of a specimen that is the output of a laboratory test and that can support an inference to an assertion about some quality of the patient.
Albert Goldfain
http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf
creation date: 2009-06-23T10:21:58Z
laboratory finding
phenotype
A (combination of) quality(ies) of an organism determined by the interaction of its genetic make-up and environment that differentiates specific instances of a species from other instances of the same species.
phenotype
disease
A disposition (i) to undergo pathological processes that (ii) exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism.
Albert Goldfain
http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf
creation date: 2009-06-23T11:21:20Z
disease
A measurement assay that has as input a patient-derived specimen, and as output a result that represents a quality of the specimen.
Albert Goldfain
http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf
creation date: 2009-06-23T11:49:49Z
laboratory test
A sequence of acts of observing and measuring qualities of a patient performed by a clinician; measurements may occur with and without elicitation.
Albert Goldfain
http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf
creation date: 2010-07-19T11:50:18Z
physical examination
disease course
The totality of all processes through which a given disease instance is realized.
replace 'OBI:occurrence of disease', need to add logical definition
The axioms of OBI occurence of disease:
Equivalent classes:
realizes some disease
Superclasses:
'has part' some 'pathologic process'
'has participant' some
(organism
and ('has role' some 'host of immune response role'))
biological_process
realizes some 'host of immune response role'
disease course
The representation of a conclusion of a diagnostic process.
Albert Goldfain
http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf
creation date: 2009-06-23T12:42:23Z
diagnosis
treatment
A processual entity whose completion is hypothesized (by a healthcare provider) to alleviate the signs and symptoms associated with a disorder
treatment
A hypothesis about some future part of a disease course.
Albert Goldfain
http://code.google.com/p/ogms/issues/detail?id=35
creation date: 2010-03-31T12:42:23Z
prognosis
A microbiome located in a human body
JZ, YH
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3418802/
human microbiome
A material entity consisting of a complex mixture of microorganisms that reside in a specific environmental niche.
YH, JZ, JO, AA
microbiota
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbiota
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2792171/
microbiome
a human microbiome that is located in a human gastrointestinal system
JO, AA, YH
microbiome in human gastrointestinal system
A microbiome located in a human gut.
YH
human gut microbiota
A human being's gut microbiota contains tens of trillions of microorganisms, including at least 1000 different species of known bacteria with more than 3 million genes (150 times more than human genes). Microbiota can, in total, weigh up to 2 kg. One third of our gut microbiota is common to most people, while two thirds are specific to each one of us. In other words, the microbiota in your intestine is like an individual identity card. URL: http://www.gutmicrobiotaforhealth.com/en/about-gut-microbiota-info/
human gut microbiome
true
A role borne by a human individual or by a collection of humans regarded as possessing rights and duties enforeable at law.
Mathias Brochhausen
Malcolm N. Shaw: International Law. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2008.
We are aware of the fact that Wikipedia's definition differs from ours by saying that "Legal personality (...) is the characteristic of a non-living entity regarded by law to have the status of personhood" (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_personality)
However, Shaw explicates:
"In any legal system, certain entities, whether they be individuals or companies, will be regarded as possessing rights and duties enforceable at law. Thus an individual may prosecute or be prosecuted for assault and a company can sue for breach of contract. They are able to do this because the law recognises them as 'legal persons' possessing the capacity to have and to maintain certain rights, and being subject to perform specific duties. (...) In municipal law individuals, limited companies and public corporations are recognized as each possessing a distinct legal personality, the terms of which are circumscribed by the relevant legislation" (Shaw MN: International Law. Sixth Edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2008). We hold that Shaw's position is ontological more prolific since it not only allows to explain how groups of individuals become recognized as unities at law, but also how different individuals can hold different legal personality roles (always against the context of one legal system). The latter will proof useful when dealing with the representing comatous patients or minorsat law in ontologies.
legal person role
Partecipants' identification number
Aphanumeric string (1 to 8 digits) which univocally identify a partecipant/subject.
ENPADASI_WP4
participants' identification number
Month of anthropometry assessment
Month of anthropometry assessment counted from 1900; e.g. May 2011=1337 (2011-1900=111; 111x12 months/y= 1332; 1332 + 5 (May=05)= 1337)
ENPADASI_WP4
month of anthropometry assessment
true
For past smokers: time in years since quitting smoking
ENPADASI_WP4
Time since quitting smoking
Month of physical activity assessment by questionnaire counted from 1900; e.g. May 2011=1337 (2011-1900=111; 111x12 months/y= 1332; 1332 + 5 (May=05)= 1337)
ENPADASI_WP4
Month of physical activity assessment by questionnaire
Categories of physical activity level
1=low; 2= Medium; 3= High
ENPADASI_WP4
categories of physical activity level
Total physical activity in MET-hours/day (without sedentary or sleeping time) derived from questionnaire data
ENPADASI_WP4
total physical activity by questionnaire
Physical activity from recreational or leisure-time activities in MET-hours/day derived from questionnaire data
ENPADASI_WP4
physical activity from recreational or leisure-time activities by questionnaire
time spent in light physical activity in minutes/day derived from questionnaire data
ENPADASI_WP4
light physical activity by questionnaire
Time spent in moderate physical activity in minutes/day derived from questionnaire data
ENPADASI_WP4
moderate physical activity by questionnaire
Time spent in vigorous physical activity in minutes/day derived from questionnaire data
ENPADASI_WP4
vigorous physical activity by questionnaire
Time spent sedentary (PC use, TV watching) in minutes/day derived from questionnaire data
ENPADASI_WP4
sedentary time by questionnaire
Number of physical activity bouts of moderate or vigorous physical activity of at least 10 minutes per day
ENPADASI_WP4
number of bouts by questionnaire
Month of physical activity assessment by accelerometer counted from 1900; e.g. May 2011=1337 (2011-1900=111; 111x12 months/y= 1332; 1332 + 5 (May=05)= 1337)
ENPADASI_WP4
Month of physical activity assessment by accelerometer
Time spent in light physical activity in minutes/day derived from accelerometer data
ENPADASI_WP4
light physical activity by accelerometer
Time spent in moderate physical activity in minutes/day derived from accelerometer data
ENPADASI_WP4
moderate physical activity by accelerometer
Time spent in vigorous physical activity in minutes/day derived from accelerometer data
ENPADASI_WP4
vigorous physical activity by accelerometer
Time spent sedentary in minutes/day derived from accelerometer data
ENPADASI_WP4
sedentary time by accelerometer
Number of bouts of moderate or vigorous physical activity per day
ENPADASI_WP4
number of bouts by accelerometer
Average minutes per bout of moderate or vigorous physical activity per day
ENPADASI_WP4
average duration of bouts
Dietary assessment used for uploaded dietary variables
1=24-hour recall; 2=FFQ; 3=Food record; 4=other
ENPADASI_WP4
ENPADASI_WP4
Dietary assessment method
true
Month of dietary assessment counted from 1900; e.g. May 2011=1337 (2011-1900=111; 111x12 months/y= 1332; 1332 + 5 (May=05)= 1337)
ENPADASI_WP4
month of dietary assessment
Carbohydrate intake per unit time
ENPADASI_WP4
calculated carbohydrate intake
Fiber intake per unit time
ENPADASI_WP4
calculated fiber intake
Total fat intake per unit time
ENPADASI_WP4
calculated total fat intake
Saturated fatty acid intake per unit time
ENPADASI_WP4
calculated saturated fatty acid intake
Monounsaturated fatty acid intake per unit time
ENPADASI_WP4
calculated monounsaturated fatty acid intake
Polyunsaturated fatty acid intake per unit time
ENPADASI_WP4
calculated polyunsaturated fatty acid intake
Protein intake in per unit time
ENPADASI_WP4
calculated protein intake
Month of blood draw counted from 1900; e.g. May 2011=1337 (2011-1900=111; 111x12 = 1332; 1332 + 5 = 1337)
ENPADASI_WP4
month of blood draw
Fasting status before blood draw (measured in hours of fasting before blood draw)
1=less than 9 hours; 2=9 hours or more
ENPADASI_WP4
true
fasting status
The process of collecting information on the diet/eating habits of a subject using a questionnaire.
ENPADASI_WP4
Dietary assessment
Anthropometric and habits information of the subject. This class should not be used as an ontology term, it is included as a superclass for the purpose to give a better organization to the ontology.
ENPADASI_WP4
ENPADASI_WP4
subject informations
true
A study short name is a short alphanumeric string used to abbreviate a study proper name (OMIABIS_0000037)
ENPADASI_WP4
Short study name
Name of the consortium which the study refers to
ENPADASI_WP4
true
Consortium
The name of the method used for randomization (OBCS_0000089), if any randomization was adopted.
ENPADASI_WP4
true
Randomization method
Indicate whether blinded experiment were conducted or not
ENPADASI_WP4
Blinding
If blinded experiment were conducted, indicate the method used for blinding
ENPADASI_WP4
Blinding method
Indicated whether the study is terminated or not
ENPADASI_WP4
true
Study terminated
Indicate whethet the compliance was assessed or not
ENPADASI_WP4
Compliance assessment
The ration between the circumference of the waist to that of the hips
ENPADASI_WP4
waist:hip ratio
A (short) alphanumeric string which identify the event/tretment
ENPADASI_WP4
event identifier name
An alphanumeric string which identify and describe the event/tretment
ENPADASI_WP4
Treatment descriptive name
Short description of the sampling method used (i.e. "needle" for blood drawn, or "direct sampling" for questionnaire)
ENPADASI_WP4
Study sampling method
A long description of the sampling method used
ENPADASI_WP4
Sampling method description
Long text describing the assay used.
ENPADASI_WP4
assay description
Platform used for the assay
ENPADASI_WP4
Assay platform
The unique sampling event identifier for the sample collection producing the sample
ENPADASI_WP4
sampling identifier
This field is usually 0 for the overall intervention but may be several time points for challenges, e.g. at 0 and 12 weeks.
ENPADASI_WP4
absolute start times
This class should not be used as an ontology term, it is included as a superclass for the purpose to give a better organization to the ontology of the terms pertinent to physical activity assessment assay
ENPADASI_WP4
Physical activity assessment
This class should not be used as an ontology term, it is included as a superclass for the purpose to give a better organization to the ontology pertinent to blood analystics assay
ENPADASI_WP4
blood analytics
START TAB. This class should not be used as an ontology term, it is included as a superclass for the purpose to give a better organization to the ontology.
ENPADASI_WP4
Start tab
true
SUBJECT TAB. This class should not be used as an ontology term, it is included as a superclass for the purpose to give a better organization to the ontology.
ENPADASI_WP4
Subject tab
true
EVENTS TAB. This class should not be used as an ontology term, it is included as a superclass for the purpose to give a better organization to the ontology.
ENPADASI_WP4
Event tab
true
SAMPLING TAB. This class should not be used as an ontology term, it is included as a superclass for the purpose to give a better organization to the ontology.
ENPADASI_WP4
Sampling tab
true
PHYSIOLOGY ASSAY TAB. This class should not be used as an ontology term, it is included as a superclass for the purpose to give a better organization to the ontology.
ENPADASI_WP4
true
INFORMATIONS TAB. This class should not be used as an ontology term, it is included as a superclass for the purpose to give a better organization to the ontology.
ENPADASI_WP4
Information tab
true
The process of collecting various chemical-biological data (e.g. blood analytics)
ENPADASI_WP4
Chemical-biological assay
The process of collecting data from a sample using 'omic' technologies
ENPADASI_WP4
Omics technology assay
Type of omic assay performed (i.e. targeted metabolomics, untargeted metabolomics)
ENPADASI_WP4
true
Type of omics
Assay type (i.e. Clinical chemistry assay: Standard kit #34567 from 'vendor' assayed on a Cobas Mira analyzer)
ENPADASI_WP4
Assay type
A short text identifying the question
ENPADASI_WP4
Short question name
Type of question or question variable code
ENPADASI_WP4
Question type
Type of physiology assay performed
ENPADASI_WP4
Physiology assay type
true
An assay which purpose is to collect all the general information (e.g. anthropometric measurement) available on the subjects of nutritional studies
ENPADASI_WP4
Subject Information collection
The subject (Human) participating in a nutritional study.
ENPADASI_WP4
true
Subject of a nutritional study
An experimental comparison study in which participants are allocated to treatment/intervention or control/placebo groups using a random mechanism (see randomisation). Best for study the effect of an intervention.
ENPADASI_WP4
Randomised Controlled Trial
http://www.cebm.net/study-designs/
A controlled trial where each study participant has both therapies, e.g, is randomised to treatment A first, at the crossover point they then start treatment B. Only relevant if the outcome is reversible with time, e.g, symptoms.
ENPADASI_WP4
Crossover Design
http://www.cebm.net/study-designs/
Data are obtained from groups who have been exposed, or not exposed, to the new technology or factor of interest (eg from databases). No allocation of exposure is made by the researcher. Best for study the effect of predictive risk factors on an outcome.
ENPADASI_WP4
true
Cohort Study
http://www.cebm.net/study-designs/
Patients with a certain outcome or disease and an appropriate group of controls without the outcome or disease are selected (usually with careful consideration of appropriate choice of controls, matching, etc) and then information is obtained on whether the subjects have been exposed to the factor under investigation.
ENPADASI_WP4
true
Case-Control Studies
http://www.cebm.net/study-designs/
A study that examines the relationship between diseases (or other health-related characteristics) and other variables of interest as they exist in a defined population at one particular time (ie exposure and outcomes are both measured at the same time). Best for quantifying the prevalence of a disease or risk factor, and for quantifying the accuracy of a diagnostic test.
ENPADASI_WP4
true
Cross-Sectional Survey
http://www.cebm.net/study-designs/
Any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental con-taminants. Concept of food component can be viewer both as a role and as a material entity. This class, for convenience, represents the material entity "food component", including all those material entity having the role of "Food Component"
ENPADASI_WP4
food component entity
Component added to food to improve or preserve it
ENPADASI_WP4
additive
Unwanted food component that makes the food no longer suitable for use
ENPADASI_WP4
contaminant
A food bioactive is a food component other than those needed to meet basic human nutritional needs (nutrients). Food bioactives modulates one or more metabolic processes, possibly resulting in the promotion of better health. The daily required intake for food bioactives is not established yet, and there is no demonstration that malnutrition occurs when the right amount is not provided
ENPADASI_WP4
food bioactive
A nutrient is a food component used by the body for normal physiologic functions that guarantee survival and growth. It must be supplied in adequate and defined amounts from foods consumed within a diet. Malnutrition occurs when the right amount of nutrient is not provided
ENPADASI_WP4
nutrient
An ingredient is a material entity used as part for the preparatio of food. Recipes specify which ingredients are used to prepare a specific food
ENPADASI_WP4
Ingredient
The food is a complex matrix that is consumed by a person through the process of eating or drinking. Food are bearer of the nutrients, bioactives and sometimes other food components. Food consumption, through the meal consumption, follows a certain dietary pattern, which define the diet. Nutrients and bioactives contained in food can be exploited by the human organism thanks to the process of digestion, absorption, metabolization, or through the intervention of the gut microflora
ENPADASI_WP4
true
MSH:D005502
Food
The regular course of eating and drinking adopted by an organism.
ENPADASI_WP4
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
https://github.com/enpadasi/Ontology-for-Nutritional-Studies
MSH:D004032
individual regular diet
A diet administered during an intervention study. It usually comprises the adoption of a certain nutritional intervention, intended as the prescription of consuming or not consuming certain food, and follows a precise study design. Intervention studies usually compare at least two subgroups of a population, one control group receiving a null nutritional intervention, and one or more test groups receiving the intervention
ENPADASI_WP4
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
study intervention diet
A diet prescribed by a physician/ nutritionist to meet spe-cific nutritional needs of a person
ENPADASI_WP4
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
clinical treatment protocol
diet therapy
dietetic diet
medically proscribed diet
clinically prescribed diet
0
The regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a population in a certain geographical area, or in a certain cultural setting, or following certain common eating behaviour.
ENPADASI_WP4
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
usual diet
population regular diet
Cook role is the role of the person responsible for food prepraration
ENPADASI_WP4
Cook role
A meal is an eating/drinking occasion which usually accours at certain time during the day. During a meal, through processes of eating and drinking, food are consumed.
ENPADASI_WP4
meal
The consumption of liquids. Not for drinking alcohol or alcohol consumption ( = ALCOHOL DRINKING); differentiate from DRINKING BEHAVIOR.
ENPADASI_WP4
MSH:D004326
drinking
The consumption of edible substances. The act of eating: do not confuse with FOOD (the substance eaten) or EATING BEHAVIOR (the manner of eating).
ENPADASI_WP4
MSH:D004435
eating
A class which groups the data item collected as results from the subject information collection assay
ENPADASI_WP4
subject information collection data
A class which groups the data item collected as results from the dietary assessment assay
ENPADASI_WP4
dietary assessment data
A class which groups the data item collected as results from the chemical biological assay
ENPADASI_WP4
Chemical biological data
A class which groups the data item collected as results from the analysis performed with an omics platform
ENPADASI_WP4
omics data
A class which groups the data item collected as results from the physical activity assay
ENPADASI_WP4
physical activity assessment data
Food preparation is the process in which food is made.
ENPADASI_WP4
Food Preparation
Dietary pattern represent the quantity, proportion, variety and combination of different foods and drinks consumed in meals, and the frequency with which they are habitually consumed.
ENPADASI_WP4
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/dietary-pattern
eating pattern
dietary pattern
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/dietary-pattern
An objective measurement to assess the exposure (including food intake), effect, or succeptibility of the human organism (or an animal etc.)
ENPADASI_WP4
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28974991
true
biomarker
An exposure biomarker reflects the level of extrinsic variables that humans are exposed to, such as diets or food compounds, including nutrients and non-nutrients.
ENPADASI_WP4
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28974991
Intake Biomarker
exposure biomarker
An effect biomarker reflects the funciontal response of the human body to an exposure.
ENPADASI_WP4
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28974991
effect biomarker
Measurable indicator including genetic or acquired host factors and intrinsic factors, influencing the response of an individual to a (dietary) exposure.
ENPADASI_WP4
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28974991
susceptibility biomarker
A raw food is an uncooked, unprocessed food that is consumed in its natural state
ENPADASI_WP4
Raw food
A processed food is the result of the process of home or industrial food preparation
ENPADASI_WP4
Processed food
Digestion is the breakdown of large food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules. The breakdown is both mechanical and chemical (enzymatic digestion). During digestion, food components are released from the food matrix and may become bioaccessible.
ENPADASI_WP4
Should break the definition down into separate terms, e.g. bioaccessable should be defined separately.
food digestion
Process mainly occurring in the small intestine and allowing the passage of the biaoccessible food components from the gastro-intestinal lumen into the blood vessels. Absorption occurs through either diffusion or active transport. The degree and rate at which a substance is absorbed and is made available at the site of physiological activity is called bioavailability
ENPADASI_WP4
Food component absorption
Sum of the chemical changes occurring to nutrients and food component within the body. Changes can be anabolic (constructive) or catabolic (destructive). Anabolism converts simpler compounds into organized substances that the body can use. Catabolism converts more organized substances into simpler compounds. In the oxidative or energetic catabolism, this is coupled with the production of ATP
ENPADASI_WP4
Food component metabolization
true
EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES based on the detection through serological testing of characteristic change in the serum level of specific ANTIBODIES. Latent subclinical infections and carrier states can thus be detected in addition to clinically overt cases.
MSH:D016036
Seroepidemiologic Studies
Finite list of foods and beverages with response categories to indicate usual frequency of consumption over the time period queried. The time period can vary (from 1 week to 1 year and over). To assess the total diet, the number of foods and beverages queried typically ranges from 80 to 120. Usual portion size can be asked separately for each food and beverage. Alternatively, portion size can be combined with frequency information by asking respondents to translate usual consumption amount to number of specified units (e.g., spoon, cup, glass, etc). Some questionnaires include portion size images in an attempt to enhance reporting accuracy. In addition to foods and beverages, FFQs often ask about the frequency of intake and dosages of dietary supplements.
ENPADASI_WP4
true
Food Frequency Questionnaire
A structured interview intended to capture detailed information about all foods and beverages (and possibly, dietary supplements) consumed by the respondent in the past 24 hours, most commonly, from midnight to midnight the previous day. A key feature of the 24HR is that, when appropriate, the respondent is asked for more detailed information than first reported. For example, a respondent reporting chicken for dinner or a sandwich for lunch would be asked about the preparation method and type of bread. This open-ended response structure is designed to prompt respondents to provide a comprehensive and detailed report of all foods and beverages consumed. A 24h can also be filled at home by the responder, and be checked during an interview to further improve it with additional details
ENPADASI_WP4
true
24-hour dietary recall
A food diary is a record of eaten foods on a meal-by-meal, daily, or weekly basis. It is directly filled by the investigated subject, and it can include nutritional or other dietary information, organize and track foods by food group, and allows monitoring what, when, and how often the filling subject eats.
ENPADASI_WP4
true
Food Diary
Nutritional researcher role is the role of a researcher with specific training and expertise in the nutritional science field
ENPADASI_WP4
Nutritional researcher role
ENPADASI_WP4
Textual entity used to perform a specific literature search on databases (i.e. Medline or Web of Science database search).
Literature database query
any type of assay that can be performed in the context of a nutritional study
Francesco Vitali
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
nutritional research assay
an assay that is aimed at discovering new potential metabolites as food consumption biomarkers, or to measure/validate known food consumption biomarkers in a biological sample (e.g. urine, blood, serum, feces).
Francesco Vitali
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
food biomarker analysis assay
An assay that is aimed at measuring the quantity (or presence) of food intake biomarkers in a biological sample (e.g. urine, blood, serum, feces) in order to evaluate the consumption of defined foods
Francesco Vitali
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
Food biomarker validation assay
An assay that is aimed at measuring the quantity (or presence) of food related metabolites in a biological sample (e.g. urine, blood, serum, feces) in order to identify/discover new food intake biomarkers
Francesco Vitali
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
food biomarker discovery assay
A data item which is a quantitative estimate of nutrient intake to be used as a reference value for planning and assessing diets for healthy people.
Damion Dooley
Francesco Vitali
DRI
dietary reference intake
A dietary reference intake which is an average of daily nutrient intake values to be used as a reference for planning and assessing diets for healthy people.
Damion Dooley
Francesco Vitali
https://www.nap.edu/catalog/10490/dietary-reference-intakes-for-energy-carbohydrate-fiber-fat-fatty-acids-cholesterol-protein-and-amino-acids
average daily nutrient intake level
daily dietary intake level
average daily nutrient intake level
An average daily nutrient intake level which is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all (97 to 98 percent) healthy individuals in a group.
Damion Dooley
Francesco Vitali
https://www.nap.edu/catalog/10490/dietary-reference-intakes-for-energy-carbohydrate-fiber-fat-fatty-acids-cholesterol-protein-and-amino-acids
RDA
recommended dietary allowance
An average daily nutrient intake level which is recommended based on observed or experimentally determined approximations or estimates of nutrient intake by a group (or groups) of apparently healthy people that are assumed to be adequate with respect to deficiency or disease criteria.
Damion Dooley
Francesco Vitali
https://www.nap.edu/catalog/10490/dietary-reference-intakes-for-energy-carbohydrate-fiber-fat-fatty-acids-cholesterol-protein-and-amino-acids
AI
Adequate intake is used when an RDA cannot be determined.
adequate intake
An average daily nutrient intake level which is the highest level that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population.
Damion Dooley
Francesco Vitali
https://www.nap.edu/catalog/10490/dietary-reference-intakes-for-energy-carbohydrate-fiber-fat-fatty-acids-cholesterol-protein-and-amino-acids
UL
As intake increases above the UL, the potential risk of adverse effects may increase.
tolerable upper intake level
If a specified group is at the EAR threshold of a nutrient intake, then half of the individuals in the specified group are not having their nutritional needs met.
An average daily nutrient intake level which is estimated to meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group.
Damion Dooley
Francesco Vitali
https://www.nap.edu/catalog/10490/dietary-reference-intakes-for-energy-carbohydrate-fiber-fat-fatty-acids-cholesterol-protein-and-amino-acids
EAR
estimated average requirement
An average daily nutrient intake level which is predicted to maintain energy balance in healthy, normal weight individuals of a defined age, gender, weight, height, and level of physical activity consistent with good health.
Damion Dooley
Francesco Vitali
https://www.nap.edu/catalog/10490/dietary-reference-intakes-for-energy-carbohydrate-fiber-fat-fatty-acids-cholesterol-protein-and-amino-acids
EER
In children and pregnant and lactating women, the EER includes the needs associated with growth or secretion of milk at rates consistent with good health. • Relative body weight (i.e. loss, stable, gain) is the preferred indicator of energy adequacy
estimated energy requirement
A dietary reference intake data item which is a range of intake for a particular energy source (protein, fat, or carbohydrate), expressed as a percentage of total energy (kcal), that is associated with reduced risk of chronic disease while providing adequate intakes of essential nutrients.
Damion Dooley
Francesco Vitali
https://www.nap.edu/catalog/10490/dietary-reference-intakes-for-energy-carbohydrate-fiber-fat-fatty-acids-cholesterol-protein-and-amino-acids
AMDR
Relative body weight (i.e. loss, stable, gain) is the preferred indicator of energy adequacy
acceptable macronutrient distribution range
unselected, autochthonous microbial consortia that initiates the fermentation
natural starter culture
microorganisms selected for specific technological and sensory properties that are inoculated directly into food materials used to initiate the fermentation process and in order to bring about desired and predictable changes in the finished product
commercial starter cultures
microorganisms naturally present in the raw food or processing environment
autochthonous food microbiota
the role of a material entity that is the vehicle for introduction of one or more microorganisms (representing starter culture) into a suitable substrate to initiate the fermentation process
microbial inoculum
a complex matrix composed of a polysaccharide (kefiran) in association with bacteria and yeasts formed during kefir fermentation
kefir grains
the addition of a small amount of a previously fermented batch to the raw food, with the aim of initiating a new fermentation process
bakslopping
the food choice management process refers to the complex decision-making process an organism carry out to realize choices about which food to be consumed, and to the choices regarding quantity and mode of consumption of foods.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9125-4337
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0892-7164
food choice management process
wine consumption is part of the Mediterranean diet; as opposed to the "mismanagement of food choice" an healthy management food choice of red wine consumption in the context of mediterranean diet dietary pattern, would be that of limit consumption to a maximum of 2 glasses per day during meals (https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/a-practical-guide-to-the-mediterranean-diet-2019032116194)
a food choice management process resulting in healthy food choice
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9125-4337
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0892-7164
healthy management of food choice
Wine consumption is part of the Mediterranean diet, which can be regarded as a healthy dietary pattern. A mismanagement of red wine, which might be related to alcohol addiction, leads to unhealthy food choice about the number of red wine servings consumed per day (> 2). This produces a specific dietary pattern and diet, with unfavourable health consequences, even though all the other requirements to adhere to a Mediterranean diet are met
a food choice management process resulting in unhealthy food choice
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0892-7164
mismanagement of food choice
a determinant of diet is any factor that drive the food choices of an organism
evaluate if it is more convenient to use the determinant of diet as superclass of a series of factor, or else to define the various factor as separate classes (i.e. palatabiliyt) with a "determinant of diet" role. Could be convenient in case of determinants imported from other ontologies, to avoid changing the original superclass assertion
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9125-4337
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0892-7164
determinant of diet
food choice refers to any decision an organism makes regarding food and diet. It both refers to the selection of specific foods to be consumed by an organism, from a variety of available options, and to the choices regarding quantity and mode of consumption of foods. Food choice are direct consequence of the food management process, and depends on a variety of determinants of diet
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9125-4337
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0892-7164
food selection
food choice
https://www.eufic.org/en/food-safety/category/food-choice
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/food-science/food-choice
"Food choices" [ONS:0000132] are driven by the "food choice management process" [ONS:0000128], which in turn is influenced by a multitude of factors defined as "determinant of diet" [ONS:0000131]. Among these, there is the appeal to eat very tasty foods because of the positive effect they exert on the dopamine reward circuitry. In this way, foods rich in highly palatable ingredients such as simple sugars and fats might be preferred to healthier nutrient-dense alternatives.
the palatability of a food refers to its capacity of triggering a reward (i.e. hedonic reward, or pleasure, via a stimulation of the dopamine reward pathway) upon consumption. This property can be related to various aspects of food, usually related to fats and sugars content.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9125-4337
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0892-7164
palatability
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatability
microbial culture responsible for the beginning of the fermentation process
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation_starter
starter culture for food fermentation
microbial cultures that do not take part to the fermentation process but contribute to the development of flavours, aroma and organoleptic properties during maturation/ripening through other metabolic pathways
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
non starter culture for food fermentation
This is a high-level term with the purpose of organization of more granular children term. Should not be used in annotation, favoring more specific sub-classes
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
technological processes during dairy food fermentation
This is a high-level term with the purpose of organization of more granular children term. Should not be used in annotation, favoring more specific sub-classes
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
biological processes during dairy food fermentation
This is a high-level term with the purpose of organization of more granular children term. Should not be used in annotation, favoring more specific sub-classes
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
microbiota in finished or semi-finished fermented products and in the entire food-chain
a process in the cheese-making consisting of the storage of cheese in controlled temperature and condition, for defined amount of time. The process is associated to microbial activities such as proteases and lipases which change the morphology and physical texture of the cheese as well as develop taste and flavor of the final product
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
fermented food ripening
the set of reactions leading to the conversion of fats (triglycerides) into free fatty acids, monoacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, and glycerol during the fermentation process
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
lipolysis during food fermentation
the set of reactions leading to the hydrolysis of milk proteins into peptides during the food fermentation process
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
proteolysis during food fermentation
the set of reactions leading to the conversion of glucose into pyruvic acid, which is substrate for the fermentation processes
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
glucose metabolism during food fermentation
Water-soluble exopolisaccharide produced by Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens during kefir fermentation. It is present in kefir grains
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
kefiran
consortium of living microorganisms present in kefir, characterized by bacteria and yeast components (has part)
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
kefir microbiota
The set of reactions leading to the conversion of carbohydrates into organic acids, ethanol and CO2 by the enzymatic activity of kefir microbiota
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
kefir fermentation
vital biomass containing microorganisms added to start the fermentation process
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
inoculum for fermentation
complex matrix composed of an exopolysaccharide in association with bacteria and yeast cells added to milk for kefir production
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
kefir grain as inoculum
the procedure in which a small amount of the finished or intermediate fermentation product is used to inoculate a new batch with the aim of starting a new fermentation process
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
backslopping
kefir recipe includes and defines the set of ingredients and procedures that should be employed to obtain kefir
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
kefir recipe
consortium of living microrganisms present in whey, characterized by bacteria and yeast components (has part)
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
whey microbiota
mixture of milk originating from different animal species or from different milking times
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
https://www.parmigianoreggiano.com/product-art-of-making/
mixed milk
the process of destabilization of casein micelles, which flocculate and aggregate to form a gel enclosing the soluble milk components. It is caused by acidification, by enzymatic activities or by the combination of the two processes
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
milk coagulation
the set of reactions leading to the conversion of carbohydrates into organic acids by the enzymatic activity of starter microbes in the production of Parmigiano Reggiano. It can also be extended to the proteolitic and lipolytic reactions characterizing maturation and ripening steps.
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
https://www.parmigianoreggiano.com/product-art-of-making/
parmigiano reggiano fermentation
Parmigiano Reggiano recipe includes and defines the set of ingredients and procedures that must be employed to obtain Parmigiano Reggiano cheese
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
https://www.parmigianoreggiano.com/consortium-specifications-and-legislation/
parmigiano reggiano recipe
the result of moulding and final pressing of Parmigiano Reggiano mass retrieved from cauldron
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
https://www.parmigianoreggiano.com/product-art-of-making/
shaped parmigiano reggiano
the set of reactions leading to the conversion of carbohydrates into organic acids, ethanol and CO2 by the enzymatic activity in the absence of oxygen
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation_in_food_processing
fermentation ons
foods or beverages produced through controlled microbial growth, and the conversion of food components through enzymatic action
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
fermented food
microbial culture responsible for the beginning of the fermentation process
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation_starter
starter culture
a chemical and/or physical factor that exerts selection pressure and brings about natural selection within microbiota components
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
agent for physico-chemical selection of microbiota
the process in which the cheese is placed in a mould giving rise to it its final shape, and immersed in a saturated solution of water and salt
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
cheese shaping and salting
a heating process in which the curd is cooked at defined temperature for a defined amount of time. As a result the curd sink to the bottom of the cauldron forming a single mass
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
curd cooking
the microbial consortium associated to curd
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
curd microbiota
a hard, cooked, brittle cheese with a long ripening time (minimum of 12 months), produced using raw semiskim high-quality cow milk, natural fermented whey, calf rennet and sodium chloride, designed as PDO
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parmigiano_Reggiano
https://www.parmigianoreggiano.com/product-art-of-making/
parmigiano reggiano
a heating process were curd is cooked at 55 °C for 12 minutes, after which the cheesy granules sink to the bottom of the cauldron forming a single mass
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
https://www.parmigianoreggiano.com/product-art-of-making/
parmigiano reggiano curd cooking
the process in which the shaped cheese is stored in controlled temperature condition and for defined amount of time to give rise to the ripened cheese
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
cheese maturation
the process during which the parmigiano reggiano cheese wheels are stored at 18-20 °C for a minimum of 12 months giving rise to the ripened parmigiano reggiano
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
https://www.parmigianoreggiano.com/product-art-of-making/
parmigiano reggiano maturation
the microbial consortium associated to parmigiano reggiano cheese
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
parmigiano reggiano microbiota
the process in which the cheese, wrapped in typical linen cloth, is placed in a mould that gives it its final shape and immersed in a saturated solution of water and salt.
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
https://www.parmigianoreggiano.com/product-art-of-making/
parmigiano reggiano shaping and salting
the result of moulding and final pressing in cheese-making
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
shaped cheese
mixture obtained by combining milk from morning milking with milk from previous evening milking and used as initial ingredient in Parmigiano Reggiano making
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
https://www.parmigianoreggiano.com/product-art-of-making/
starting milk mixture
consortium of living microrganisms present in milk before processing, characterized by bacteria and yeast components (has part)
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
starting milk mixture microbiota
the role of a material entity, generally a chemical compound, such as the material entity is not suitable for consumption by a defined group of individuals. This role has a causal relation (is determined by) with another material entity such that it exerts a strong causal influence on the role, and its removal cause the termination of the existence of the role
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
suitable for consumption
the role of a material entity, generally a chemical compound, such as the material entity is unfit for consumption by a defined group of individuals. This role has a causal relation (is determined by) with another material entity such that it exerts a strong causal influence on the role, and its removal cause the termination of the existence of the role
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
unfit for consumption
the ratio between the vapor pressure of the food, when in a completely undisturbed balance with the surrounding air media, and the vapor pressure of distilled water under identical conditions
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_activity
water activity in food
whey from the previous day manufacture containing the consortium of living microorganisms, added to start the fermentation process
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
whey as inoculum
the procedure in which a small amount of the finished or intermediate kefir is used to inoculate a new batch with the aim of starting a new fermentation process
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
backslopping in kefir fermentation
the procedure in which a small amount of whey product of the parmigiano reggiano milk coagulation is used to inoculate a new batch with the aim of starting a new fermentation process
https://github.com/FrancescoVit
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726
backslopping in parmigiano reggiano fermentation
In nutrition, diet is the sum of food consumed by a person or other organism
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diet_(nutrition)
http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D004032
diet
A feline biologically and anatomically follows a carnivorous diet; Homo sapiens biologically and anatomically follow an omnivorous diet
A diet that is defined by the biological, anatomical, and evolutionistic digestive capabilities of a given organism.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
diet by digestive capability
A diet that is defined by characteristics of ingested food.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
diet by type of food
A diet which involves food produced under certain agricultural conditions.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
diet by agriculture treatment
A diet defined by the nutritional presence or absence of types of food bioactive compounds.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
diet by nutritional composition
An eating pattern that excludes a given diet.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
proscribed diet
A diet assigned as a dietary pattern objective to an individual organism or group.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
prescribed diet
A set of classes for the description of diet. A descriptive diet consists of some data set
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
descriptive diet
An eating pattern pertaining to a single organism (an instance of organism). This can be used descriptively or prescriptively.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
individual dietary pattern
An eating pattern pertaining to a population or sub-population of organism. This can be used descriptively or prescriptively.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
A population dietary pattern example: "pregnant women should not drink more than 2 glasses of wine a day
population dietary pattern
A food consumption process in which the timing of food and/or liquid ingestion is limited.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
Leigh Carmody
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30897855
fasting process
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30897855
Intermittent fasting is a broad term that encompasses a variety of programs that manipulate the timing of eating occasions by utilizing short-term fasts with the intention of modulating body composition and/or overall health.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
Leigh Carmody
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26374764/
intermittent fasting
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26374764/
involving fasting periods that are longer than a normal overnight fast of 8–12 hours. A form of time restricted eating, typically 16 h fasting and 8 h eating.
A type of intermittent fasting process which allows ad libitum energy intake within controlled time frames, generally a 3-12 hour range each day.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24739093/
TRE
time-restricted feeding
time-restricted feeding
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24739093/
The fasting protocol indicated fasting for 16 hrs per 24 hrs for a duration of 3 months.
A protocol that specifies the timing of food consumption.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
fasting schedule
fasting protocol
The process of ingesting food during a single eating and/or drinking session. This does not include the digestion process.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
episodic food intake process
A diet of a carnivore, which focuses almost exclusively on the consumption of animal food sources.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
carnivorous diet
A diet of an omivore, which includes both plant and animal food sources.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
omnivorous diet
A diet of a herbivore, which focuses almost exclusively on the consumption of plants, fungi and/or lichen.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
herbivorous diet
A diet defined by the food source organisms it allows or excludes.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
diet by food organism
A diet which focuses almost exclusively on the consumption of plants, fungi and/or lichen.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
https://www.gs1.org/voc/DietTypeCode-VEGETARIAN
vegetarian diet
A diet that excludes all animal products (including fish and seafood).
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veganism
https://www.gs1.org/voc/DietTypeCode-VEGAN
vegan diet
A diet that includes vegetarian and milk-derived food.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
lacto-vegetarian diet
A diet that includes vegetarian and avian egg derived food.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
ovo-vegetarian diet
A diet that includes vegetarian, avian egg, and milk derived food.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
lacto-ovo vegetarian diet
primarily a plant-based diet but includes meat, dairy, eggs, poultry and fish on occasion or in small quantities
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
flexitarian diet
semi-vegetarian diet
A diet which includes vegetarian food as well as fish and seafood.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
pescetarian diet
A diet that excludes food containing beef food products.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
https://www.gs1.org/voc/DietTypeCode-WITHOUT_BEEF
non-beef diet
A diet that excludes food containing swine food products.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
https://www.gs1.org/voc/DietTypeCode-WITHOUT_PORK
non-pork diet
A diet consisting entirely of breast milk.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
infant breast milk diet
A diet involving formula milk breast milk.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
formula milk diet
infant formula milk diet
A diet defined by the food texture.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
diet by food texture
A soft textured diet was the most often prescribed followed by pureed texture and then minced texture.
A diet containing carefully selected foods of an appropriate consistency which can be more easily chewed and managed by a person with dysphagia.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
https://www.wlmht.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/High-risk-foods-info-sheet-2pp-A4.pdf
texture modified diet
https://www.wlmht.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/High-risk-foods-info-sheet-2pp-A4.pdf
A full liquid diet is made up only of fluids and foods that are normally liquid and foods that turn to liquid when they are at room temperature. You can not eat solid foods when you are on a full liquid diet.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000206.htm
liquid diet
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000206.htm
A diet consisting of food produced from organic agriculture (food that is grown without the use of synthetic fertilizers, sewage sludge, irradiation, genetic engineering, pesticides, or drugs.)
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
http://www.fao.org/organicag/oa-faq/oa-faq1/en/
https://extension.arizona.edu/sites/extension.arizona.edu/files/pubs/az1603.pdf
https://www.gs1.org/voc/DietTypeCode-ORGANIC
biological agriculture diet
organic agriculture diet
http://www.fao.org/organicag/oa-faq/oa-faq1/en/
https://extension.arizona.edu/sites/extension.arizona.edu/files/pubs/az1603.pdf
A diet consisting of food that may have been reared with the use of pesticides, herbicides or chemical fertilizers.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
https://extension.arizona.edu/sites/extension.arizona.edu/files/pubs/az1603.pdf
non-organic agriculture diet
https://extension.arizona.edu/sites/extension.arizona.edu/files/pubs/az1603.pdf
A ketogenic diet is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate, adequate-protein diet that mimics a fasting state, resulting in the substitution of ketone bodies as a source of energy. The ketogenic diet can be used to reduce recurrent epileptic seizures in individuals with intractable epilepsy. Intractable epilepsy is defined as epilepsy that failed to respond to three or more antiepileptic drugs. A high-fat, adequate-protein, low-carbohydrate diet. It is primarily used in medicine to treat difficult-to-control epilepsy in children
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
Leigh Carmody
PMID:27759811
PMID:28701250
https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/ketogenic-diet
PMID:23419562
Modified Atkins diet
ketogenic diet
PMID:27759811
PMID:28701250
https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/ketogenic-diet
PMID:23419562
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) trial, which demonstrated that consuming a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products and reduced in saturated fat and cholesterol
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
Leigh Carmody
PMID: 29141784
DASH diet
PMID: 29141784
https://medlineplus.gov/dasheatingplan.html
A moderate-fat, restricted-calorie, Mediterranean diet is rich in vegetables and low in red meat, with poultry and fish replacing beef and lamb.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
Leigh Carmody
PMID:18635428
meditteranean diet
PMID:18635428
A diet which provides > 60% of total dietary energy from carbohydrates. It consists predominantly of high glycemic carbohydrates have detrimental metabolic effects
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
high-carbohydrate diet
Low-carbohydrate diets restrict carbohydrate consumption relative to the average diet. Foods high in carbohydrates (e.g., sugar, bread, pasta) are limited, and replaced with foods containing a higher percentage of fat and protein (e.g., meat, poultry, fish, shellfish, eggs, cheese, nuts, and seeds), as well as low carbohydrate foods (e.g. spinach, kale, chard, collards, and other fibrous vegetables).
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
Leigh Carmody
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbohydrate_diet
PMID:18635428
Low carbohydrate diet
low-carbohydrate, high-protien, high fat diet
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbohydrate_diet
PMID:18635428
A diet involving the a larger proportion of fat than normal.
high fat diet
A restricted-energy diet with less than 30% of energy from fat.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
Leigh Carmody
PMID:23651522
low fat diet
PMID:23651522
A diet which minimises or eliminates the consumption of gluten.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
https://www.gs1.org/voc/DietTypeCode-FREE_FROM_GLUTEN
gluten free
A diet that an individual organism has chosen as a dietary pattern objective.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
self-prescribed diet
A diet prescribed to a group in a research study.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
research prescribed diet
A dietairy pattern adhered to by a study control group. (possibly a placebo).
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
null nutritional diet
study null nutritional diet
A diet designed to reduce the symptoms of Coeliac disease which is caused by a reaction to gliadin (a gluten protein found in wheat) and similar proteins found in other crops.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
https://www.gs1.org/voc/DietTypeCode-COELIAC
celiac diet
coeliac diet
A diet involving the avoidance of Fermentable Oligo-Di-Monosaccharides and Polyols.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FODMAP
FODMAP diet
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FODMAP
A diet designed to reduce the presence of fat in an organism.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
weight loss diet
A diet which has an athletic performance objective
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
performance diet
A cultural or religious eating pattern.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
ethnographic diet
A diet consisting of halal approved food.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
https://www.gs1.org/voc/DietTypeCode-HALAL
halal diet
A diet consisting of kosher approved food.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
https://www.gs1.org/voc/DietTypeCode-KOSHER
kosher diet
An ingested food data set which is subjectively recorded or recalled by an individual consuming the food
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
diet record
self-reported diet
https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/63.4.491
An ingested food data set which is observed by a researcher to have been consumed by a subject organism or population of organisms.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
objectively-reported diet
A dataset which contains a list of foods that an organism has ingested over some period of time.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
ingested food data set
A long-term average daily intake of nutrients and/or foods calculated according to a National Cancer Institute statistical model.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
https://epi.grants.cancer.gov/diet/usualintakes/
NCI usual diet
https://epi.grants.cancer.gov/diet/usualintakes/
An ingested food data set of food consumption events detailing food ingested and the time of ingestion.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
This may include the mass or quantity of a food item, and other details such as its preparation process.'
ingested food log
An ingested food data set for a given day.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
daily food intake
A dataset containing the averaged daily intake of each of a variety of nutrients for an individual or organism population.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
daily average nutritional intake
The whole of the processes by which food components released by food digestion are able to reach bloodstream
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9125-4337
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
food component absorption process
https://askthescientists.com/nutrient-absorption/
A set of restrictions on food type ingestion and/or timing of food ingestion.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
dietary protocol
dietary regimen
The process an organism has which achieves a dietary pattern and involves food availability, physiological or psychological motivation, selection, episodic consumption, and digestion.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
organism food management process
A data item recording data about a dietary pattern
dietary pattern data item
the diet resulting from the lifestyle adaptation following the industrial revolution. It is often associated with western countries, but is increasingly becoming adopted also in other geographic areas. It is known to be rich in red and processed meats, sweets, fried foods, and refined grains while being poor in fruits, vegetables, legumes, fish, poultry, and whole grains. In terms of micronutrients, this diet is usually rich in salt, yet poor in other minerals and vitamins, whereas in terms of fats, it is high in saturated and trans-fatty acids, and low in mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Its fibre and complex carbohydrates contents are also very low due to the high consumption of refined sugars instead of whole-grain foods.
"Western diet" synonym of this concept has a wider use in the literature, nevertheless it imply a misleading association to specific geographic location, even though it has a broader distribution. Another possible synonym, taking into consideration that this lifestyle is considered the result of the Industrial Revolution, is "industrialized diet"
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9125-4337
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0892-7164
industrialized diet
urban diet
western diet
globalized diet
the diet characteristic of the lifestyle in isolated/rural areas, commonly in developing countries. It is mainly composed of naturally available food products, including fresh animal protein and vegetables while excluding industrially processed foods. Nevertheless, it is common to use traditional food processing methods to improve nutrient availability, digestibility or to increase conservation time to avoid scarcity. These methods include soaking, fermentation, cooking, pounding, and sprouting.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9125-4337
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0892-7164
local agrarian diet
traditional diet
rural diet
The temporal aspect of a dietary pattern that details meal frequency or fasting as a daily or episodic activity.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
timing of food intake
A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a diet by digestive capabilities.
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
dietary pattern by digestive capability
A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a diet by type of food
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
dietary pattern by type of food
A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a diet by agriculture treatment
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
dietary pattern by agriculture treatment
A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a diet by nutritional composition
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
dietary pattern by nutritional composition
A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a proscribed diet
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
proscribed dietary pattern
A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a prescribed diet
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
prescribed dietary pattern
A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in descriptive diet
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
descriptive dietary pattern
A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a diet by food organism
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
dietary pattern by food organism
A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a vegetarian diet
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
https://www.gs1.org/voc/DietTypeCode-VEGETARIAN
vegetarian dietary pattern
A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a vegan diet
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
https://www.gs1.org/voc/DietTypeCode-VEGAN
vegan dietary pattern
A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a lacto-vegetarian diet
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
lacto-vegetarian dietary pattern
A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a ovo-vegetarian diet
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
ovo-vegetarian dietary pattern
A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
lacto-ovo vegetarian dietary pattern
A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a semi-vegetarian diet
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
flexitarian diet
semi-vegetarian dietary pattern
A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a pescetarian diet
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
pescetarian dietary pattern
A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a ketogenic diet
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
Leigh Carmody
ketogenic diet dietary pattern
A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a DASH diet
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
Leigh Carmody
DASH diet dietary pattern
A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a Mediterranean diet
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
Leigh Carmody
meditteranean diet dietary pattern
A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a high-carbohydrate diet
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
high-carbohydrate diet dietary pattern
A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a low-carbohydrate, high-protien, high fat diet
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
Leigh Carmody
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbohydrate_diet
PMID:18635428
Low carbohydrate diet
low-carbohydrate, high-protien, high fat diet dietary pattern
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbohydrate_diet
PMID:18635428
A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a high fat diet
high fat diet dietary pattern
A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a low fat diet
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
Leigh Carmody
low fat diet dietary pattern
A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a gluten free diet
https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg
https://www.gs1.org/voc/DietTypeCode-FREE_FROM_GLUTEN
gluten free dietary pattern
a dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a globalized diet
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9125-4337
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0892-7164
globalized diet dietary pattern
a dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a rural diet
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9125-4337
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0892-7164
rural diet dietary pattern
age
A time quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of how long the bearer has existed.
age
biological sex
An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to undergo sexual reproduction in order to differentiate the individuals or types involved.
true
biological sex
length
A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance between two points.
length
mass
A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the proportion of the bearer's amount of matter.
mass
temperature
A physical quality of the thermal energy of a system.
temperature
behavioral quality
An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's behavior aggregate of the responses or reactions or movements in a given situation.
behavioral quality
female
A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population that only produces gametes that can be fertilised by male gametes.
female
male
A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population whose sex organs contain only male gametes.
male
volume
A 3-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of 3-dimensional space it occupies.
volume
pressure
A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of force per unit area it exerts.
pressure
quality of a single physical entity
A physical object quality which inheres in a single-bearer.
quality of a single physical entity
quality of related physical entities
A physical entity quality which exists in relation towards some other entity.
quality of related physical entities
mixed sex
A biological sex quality inhering in a population of multiple sexes.
mixed sex
organismal quality
A quality that inheres in an entire organism or part of an organism.
organismal quality
protein
antithrombin III is a protein
An amino acid chain that is produced de novo by ribosome-mediated translation of a genetically-encoded mRNA.
protein
region
A sequence_feature with an extent greater than zero. A nucleotide region is composed of bases and a polypeptide region is composed of amino acids.
primary structure of sequence macromolecule
sequence
region
stratification is a planned process which executes a stratification rule using as input a population and assign it member to mutually exclusive subpopulation based on the values defined by the stratification rule
Alejandra Gonzalez-Beltran
Orlaith Burke
Philippe Rocca-Serra
PRS+AGB adapted from wikipedia:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratified_sampling
polled on June 7th,2013
stratifying population
population stratification prior to sampling
a stratification rule/criteria is a criteria used to determine population strata so that a stratification process implementing the rule can result in any member of the total population being assigned to one and only one stratum
Alejandra Gonzalez-Beltran
Orlaith Burke
Philippe Rocca-Serra
STATO
adapted from wikipedia:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratified_sampling
polled on June 7th,2013
stratification rule
a stratum population is a population resulting from a population stratification prior to sampling process which aims to produce homogenous subpopulations from an heterogeneous population by applying one or more stratification criteria
Alejandra Gonzalez-Beltran
Orlaith Burke
Philippe Rocca-Serra
STATO
stratum population
mouth
The proximal portion of the digestive tract, containing the oral cavity and bounded by the oral opening. In vertebrates, this extends to the pharynx and includes gums, lips, tongue and parts of the palate. Typically also includes the teeth, except where these occur elsewhere (e.g. pharyngeal jaws) or protrude from the mouth (tusks).
mouth
blood
A fluid that is composed of blood plasma and erythrocytes.
true
blood
organism substance
Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body.
Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body.
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737
organism substance
organism substance
material anatomical entity
Anatomical entity that has mass.
material anatomical entity
anatomical cluster
Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another.
anatomical cluster
tissue
Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation.
tissue
stomach
An expanded region of the vertebrate alimentary tract that serves as a food storage compartment and digestive organ. A stomach is lined, in whole or in part by a glandular epithelium.
stomach
adipose tissue
Portion of connective tissue composed of adipocytes enmeshed in areolar tissue
adipose tissue
urine
Excretion that is the output of a kidney
urine
sweat
Secretion produced by a sweat gland.
sweat
colon
Last portion of the large intestine before it becomes the rectum.
colon
saliva
A fluid produced in the oral cavity by salivary glands, typically used in predigestion, but also in other functions.
saliva
milk
An emulsion of fat globules within a fluid that is secreted by the mammary gland during lactation.
milk
bile
vital aqueous secretion of the liver that is formed by hepatocytes and modified down stream by absorptive and secretory properties of the bile duct epithelium.
bile
feces
Portion of semisolid bodily waste discharged through the anus[MW,modified]
feces
digestive system fluid or secretion
digestive system fluid or secretion
sputum
Matter ejected from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea, through the mouth.
sputum
A substance that is consumed by the organism for food.
ingested food
length unit
A unit which is a standard measure of the distance between two points.
length unit
mass unit
A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of matter/energy of a physical object.
mass unit
time unit
A unit which is a standard measure of the dimension in which events occur in sequence.
time unit
temperature unit
A unit which is a standard measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter.
temperature unit
substance unit
A unit which is a standardised quantity of an element or compound with uniform composition.
substance unit
concentration unit
A unit which represents a standard measurement of how much of a given substance there is mixed with another substance.
concentration unit
volume unit
A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of space occupied by any substance, whether solid, liquid, or gas.
volume unit
frequency unit
A unit which is a standard measure of the number of repetitive actions in a particular time.
frequency unit
pressure unit
A unit which is a standard measure of the force applied to a given area.
pressure unit
volumetric flow rate unit
A unit which is a standard measure of the volume of fluid which passes through a given surface per unit time .
volumetric flow rate unit
rate unit
A unit which represents a standard measurement occurrence of a process per unit time.
rate unit
vaccine
A vaccine is a processed material with the function that when administered, it prevents or ameliorates a disorder in a target organism by inducing or modifying adaptive immune responses specific to the antigens in the vaccine.
vaccine
vaccination
a process of administering substance in vivo that involves in adding a vaccine into a host (e.g., human) in vivo with the intent to invoke a protective or therapeutic adaptive immune response.
vaccination
true
SIO_000031
A start date is a time instant pertaining to the date of the beginning of a process.
start date
SIO_000085
A question is a linguistic expression used to make a request for information.
question
SIO_000115
An identifier is a label that specifically refers to (identifies) an entity (instance/type).
identifier
true
SIO_000136
A description is language entity in which elements of a language (formal or natural) are used to characterize an entity.
description
SIO_000142
An inclusion criterion is a criterion that must be present to satisfy some objective.
inclusion criterion
SIO_000143
An exclusion criterion is a criterion that must be absent to satistify the objective.
exclusion criterion
SIO_000154
An article is a publication that is stand-alone section of a larger work.
article
SIO_000172
An address is a position that indicates the physical location of some entity using a social convention.
address
SIO_000173
An affiliation is a social relation which indicates the partnership between two or more entities.
affiliation
SIO_000183
A personal name is a name to identify an individual person and usually comprises of a first name and a last name.
full name
personal name
true
SIO_000262
A conclusion is a proposition which is reached after considering the evidence, arguments or premises.
conclusion
true
SIO_000296
A website is a collection of documents published on the World Wide Web.
website
SIO_000337
An objective is a proposition that indicates a planned or anticipated outcome.
objective
SIO_000366
A number is a mathematical object used to count, label, and measure.
number
SIO_000391
time measurement is a measurement value of the duration of some interval of time or a particular instant of time (against some frame of reference).
Time intervals are specified as date/datetime ranges.
the duration of my life; the duration of a surgical procedure, the moment of death
time measurement
SIO_000403
A study group is a group of individuals that are subjects in an observational or intervention study.
study group
SIO_000508
An endpoint is a terminal point that is the last of an ordered
pair of points.
endpoint
SIO_000664
A country is a region legally identified as a distinct entity in political geography.
country
SIO_000669
A start time is a time instant pertaining to the time at which a process begins.
start time
SIO_000670
An end time is a time instant pertaining to the time at which a process ends.
end time
true
SIO_000688
institute is a society or organization having a object or common factor, and is normally applied to those with a scientific, educational, or social objective.
institute
true
SIO_000811
A Uniform Resource Locator or Universal Resource Locator (URL) is a specific character string that constitutes a reference to an Internet resource.
Uniform Resource Locator
URL
SIO_000883
A subject role is the role of an individual that is the target of the study.
subject role
SIO_000964
A standard operating procedure is a specification approved for use in specific environments.
standard operating procedure
SIO_001014
ethnicity is the biological quality of membership in a social group based on a common heritage.
ethnicity
SIO_001042
A recipe is a set of instructions that describe how to prepare or make something.
recipe
1
SIO_001066
A study is a process that realizes the steps of a study design.
study
true
SIO_001068
A control group is a group of individuals that are not subject to an intervention of interest, but rather serve as a baseline to compare the outcomes in the intervention group.
control group
SIO_001323
an email address is an identifier to send mail to particular electronic mailbox.
email address
James Malone
DOID:1287
ICD9:390-459.99
ICD9:420-429.99
ICD9:423
ICD9:423.8
ICD9:424
ICD9:429
ICD9:429.2
ICD9:429.7
ICD9:429.8
ICD9:429.81
ICD9:429.89
ICD9:459.9
MSH:D002318
NCIt:C2931
SNOMEDCT:105980002
SNOMEDCT:49601007
ASCVD
CARDIOVASC DIS
CIRCULATORY DISEASE NOS
CVD
CVD, NOS
CVS disease
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardiovascular Disorder
Cardiovascular Disorders
Cardiovascular disease, NOS
Cardiovascular disease, unspecified
Cardiovascular disorder, NOS
Cardiovascular system disease
Certain sequelae of myocardial infarction, not elsewhere classified
Circulatory system disease NOS
Circulatory system disease NOS (disorder)
DISEASES OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Disease affecting entire cardiovascular system
Disease affecting entire cardiovascular system (disorder)
Disease of cardiovascular system
Disease of cardiovascular system (disorder)
Disease of cardiovascular system, NOS
Disease, Cardiovascular
Diseases, Cardiovascular
Disorder of cardiovascular system
Disorder of cardiovascular system (disorder)
Disorder of circulatory system
Disorder of circulatory system, NOS
Disorder of the circulatory system
ILL-DEFINED HRT DIS NEC
Ill-defined descriptions and complications of heart disease
OTHER SEQUELAE OF MI NEC
Other diseases of endocardium
Other diseases of endocardium (disorder)
Other diseases of pericardium
Other diseases of pericardium (disorder)
Other disorders of papillary muscle
Other forms of heart disease
Other forms of heart disease (disorder)
Other heart disease
Other heart disease (disorder)
Other heart disease NOS
Other heart disease NOS (disorder)
Other ill-defined heart disease
Other ill-defined heart disease (disorder)
Other ill-defined heart disease NOS
Other ill-defined heart disease NOS (disorder)
Other ill-defined heart diseases
Other pericardial disease NOS
Other pericardial disease NOS (disorder)
Other sequelae of myocardial infarction, not elsewhere classified
Other specified diseases of pericardium
Other specified pericardial disease NOS
Other specified pericardial disease NOS (disorder)
PAPILLARY MUSCLE DIS NEC
PERICARDIAL DISEASE NEC
Unspecified circulatory system disorder
[X]Cardiovascular disease, unspecified
[X]Cardiovascular disease, unspecified (disorder)
[X]Other forms of heart disease
[X]Other forms of heart disease (disorder)
[X]Other ill-defined heart diseases
[X]Other ill-defined heart diseases (disorder)
[X]Other specified diseases of pericardium
[X]Other specified diseases of pericardium (disorder)
circulatory system disease
disease of subdivision of hemolymphoid system
A body system disease which occurs in the blood, heart, blood vessels or the lymphatic system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells or lymph to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis.[accessedResource: DOID:1287][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder affecting the heart or the vessels (arteries, veins and lymph vessels). Representative examples of non-neoplastic cardiovascular disorders are endocarditis and hypertension. Representative examples of neoplastic cardiovascular disorders are endocardial myxoma and angiosarcoma.[accessedResource: NCIt:C2931][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
ASCVD[accessedResource: ICD9:429.2][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
CARDIOVASC DIS[accessedResource: MSH:D002318][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
CIRCULATORY DISEASE NOS[accessedResource: ICD9:459.9][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
CVD, NOS[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:49601007][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
CVD[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:49601007][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
CVS disease[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:49601007][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)[accessedResource: NCIt:C2931][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Cardiovascular Diseases[accessedResource: MSH:D002318][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Cardiovascular Disorder[accessedResource: NCIt:C2931][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Cardiovascular Disorders[accessedResource: NCIt:C2931][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Cardiovascular disease, NOS[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:49601007][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Cardiovascular disease, unspecified[accessedResource: ICD9:429.2][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Cardiovascular disorder, NOS[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:49601007][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Certain sequelae of myocardial infarction, not elsewhere classified[accessedResource: ICD9:429.7][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Circulatory system disease NOS (disorder)[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:195646003][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Circulatory system disease NOS[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:195646003][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
DISEASES OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM[accessedResource: ICD9:390-459.99][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Disease affecting entire cardiovascular system (disorder)[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:105980002][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Disease affecting entire cardiovascular system[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:105980002][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Disease of cardiovascular system (disorder)[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:49601007][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Disease of cardiovascular system, NOS[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:49601007][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Disease of cardiovascular system[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:49601007][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Disease, Cardiovascular[accessedResource: MSH:D002318][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Diseases, Cardiovascular[accessedResource: MSH:D002318][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Disorder of cardiovascular system (disorder)[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:49601007][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Disorder of cardiovascular system[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:49601007][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Disorder of circulatory system, NOS[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:49601007][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Disorder of circulatory system[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:49601007][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Disorder of the circulatory system[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:49601007][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
ILL-DEFINED HRT DIS NEC[accessedResource: ICD9:429.89][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Ill-defined descriptions and complications of heart disease[accessedResource: ICD9:429][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
OTHER SEQUELAE OF MI NEC[accessedResource: ICD9:429.79][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Other diseases of endocardium (disorder)[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:266241000][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Other diseases of endocardium[accessedResource: ICD9:424][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Other diseases of pericardium (disorder)[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:194962004][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Other diseases of pericardium[accessedResource: ICD9:423][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Other disorders of papillary muscle[accessedResource: ICD9:429.81][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Other forms of heart disease (disorder)[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:194901009][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Other forms of heart disease[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:194901009][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Other heart disease (disorder)[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:266309008][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Other heart disease NOS (disorder)[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:195151008][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Other heart disease NOS[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:195151008][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Other heart disease[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:266309008][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Other ill-defined heart disease (disorder)[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:266251004][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Other ill-defined heart disease NOS (disorder)[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:195150009][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Other ill-defined heart disease NOS[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:195150009][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Other ill-defined heart disease[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:266251004][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Other ill-defined heart diseases[accessedResource: ICD9:429.8][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Other pericardial disease NOS (disorder)[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:266240004][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Other pericardial disease NOS[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:266240004][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Other sequelae of myocardial infarction, not elsewhere classified[accessedResource: ICD9:429.79][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Other specified diseases of pericardium[accessedResource: ICD9:423.8][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Other specified pericardial disease NOS (disorder)[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:266239001][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Other specified pericardial disease NOS[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:266239001][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
PAPILLARY MUSCLE DIS NEC[accessedResource: ICD9:429.81][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
PERICARDIAL DISEASE NEC[accessedResource: ICD9:423.8][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.[accessedResource: MSH:D002318][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Unspecified circulatory system disorder[accessedResource: ICD9:459.9][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
[X]Cardiovascular disease, unspecified (disorder)[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:195594006][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
[X]Cardiovascular disease, unspecified[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:195594006][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
[X]Other forms of heart disease (disorder)[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:195551001][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
[X]Other forms of heart disease[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:195551001][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
[X]Other ill-defined heart diseases (disorder)[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:195588003][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
[X]Other ill-defined heart diseases[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:195588003][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
[X]Other specified diseases of pericardium (disorder)[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:195553003][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
[X]Other specified diseases of pericardium[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:195553003][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
cardiovascular system disease[accessedResource: DOID:1287][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
disease of subdivision of hemolymphoid system[accessedResource: DOID:1287][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
A body system disease which occurs in the blood, heart, blood vessels or the lymphatic system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells or lymph to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis.
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder affecting the heart or the vessels (arteries, veins and lymph vessels). Representative examples of non-neoplastic cardiovascular disorders are endocarditis and hypertension. Representative examples of neoplastic cardiovascular disorders are endocardial myxoma and angiosarcoma. -- 2003
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder affecting the heart or the vessels (arteries, veins and lymph vessels). Representative examples of non-neoplastic cardiovascular disorders are endocarditis and hypertension. Representative examples of neoplastic cardiovascular disorders are endocardial myxoma and angiosarcoma.
Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.
true
cardiovascular disease
James Malone
DOID:9351
ICD9:250
MSH:D003920
NCIt:C2985
OMIM:612227
SNOMEDCT:73211009
DM - Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes
Diabetes NOS
Diabetes mellitus (disorder)
Diabetes mellitus, NOS
A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.[accessedResource: MSH:D003920][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
A metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally high blood sugar levels due to diminished production of insulin or insulin resistance/desensitization.[accessedResource: NCIt:C2985][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
DM - Diabetes mellitus[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:73211009][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Diabetes NOS[accessedResource: DOID:9351][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Diabetes mellitus (disorder)[accessedResource: DOID:9351][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Diabetes mellitus, NOS[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:73211009][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Diabetes[accessedResource: DOID:9351][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.
A metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally high blood sugar levels due to diminished production of insulin or insulin resistance/desensitization.
true
diabetes mellitus
60 seconds duration of centrifugation
James Malone
Tomasz Adamusiak
NCIt:C25330
NIFSTD:birnlex_2052
SNOMEDCT:103335007
A temporal measurement of the time between two specified points.
duration
James Malone
DOID:10763
ICD9:401-405.99
MSH:D006973
NCIt:C3117
OMIM:145500
(hypertensive disease) or (hypertension)
Blood Pressure, High
Blood Pressures, High
HTN
HTN - hypertension
HYPERTENSIVE DISEASE
High Blood Pressure
High Blood Pressures
High blood pressure (& [essential hypertension])
Hypertensive disease (disorder)
Hypertensive disease NOS (disorder)
SURG COMP - HYPERTENSION
[X]Hypertensive diseases
[X]Hypertensive diseases (disorder)
hyperpiesia
hypertension NOS
hypertensive disease NOS
vascular hypertensive disorder
Blood Pressure, High[accessedResource: MSH:D006973][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Blood Pressures, High[accessedResource: MSH:D006973][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
HTN[accessedResource: DOID:10763][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
HYPERTENSIVE DISEASE[accessedResource: ICD9:401-405.99][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
High Blood Pressure[accessedResource: MSH:D006973][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
High Blood Pressures[accessedResource: MSH:D006973][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
High blood pressure (& [essential hypertension])[accessedResource: DOID:10763][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Hypertensive disease NOS (disorder)[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:194794002][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Hypertensive disease NOS[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:194794002][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.[accessedResource: MSH:D006973][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
SURG COMP - HYPERTENSION[accessedResource: ICD9:997.91][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
[X]Hypertensive diseases (disorder)[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:195537001][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
[X]Hypertensive diseases[accessedResource: SNOMEDCT:195537001][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
hyperpiesia[accessedResource: DOID:10763][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
vascular hypertensive disorder[accessedResource: DOID:10763][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.
true
hypertension
Jie Zheng
Tomasz Adamusiak
true
MO:23
A process in which the act is intended to modify or alter some other material entity,
true
treatment
Tomasz Adamusiak
MSH:D002149
NCIt:C28135
Caloric Intake
Caloric Intake[accessedResource: MSH:D002149][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Total number of calories taken in daily whether ingested or by parenteral routes.[accessedResource: MSH:D002149][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Total number of calories taken in daily whether ingested or by parenteral routes.
energy intake
Tomasz Adamusiak
true
MSH:D009043
NCIt:C17708
SNOMEDCT:68130003
Activities, Locomotor
Activities, Motor
Activities, Physical
Activity, Locomotor
Activity, Motor
Activity, Physical
Locomotor Activities
Locomotor Activity
Motor Activities
Motor Activity
Physical Activities
Activities, Locomotor[accessedResource: MSH:D009043][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Activities, Motor[accessedResource: MSH:D009043][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Activities, Physical[accessedResource: MSH:D009043][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Activity, Locomotor[accessedResource: MSH:D009043][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Activity, Motor[accessedResource: MSH:D009043][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Activity, Physical[accessedResource: MSH:D009043][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Locomotor Activities[accessedResource: MSH:D009043][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Locomotor Activity[accessedResource: MSH:D009043][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Motor Activities[accessedResource: MSH:D009043][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Motor Activity[accessedResource: MSH:D009043][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Physical Activities[accessedResource: MSH:D009043][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
The physical activity of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon.[accessedResource: MSH:D009043][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
The physical activity of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon.
physical activity
Dani Welter
true
MSH:D012907
NCIt:C20134
smoking
Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of tobacco or something similar to tobacco.
true
smoking behavior
Dani Welter
true
MSH:D000428
NCIt:C16273
alcohol consumption
Behaviors associated with the ingesting of alcoholic beverages, including social drinking.
true
alcohol drinking
Dani Welter
true
MSH:D001835
NCIt:C81328
SNOMEDCT:27113001
weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.
true
body weight
Dani Welter
true
MSH:D001827
NCIt:C25347
height
The distance from the sole to the crown of the head with body standing on a flat surface and fully extended.
true
body height
Dani Welter
true
MSH:D055105
NCIt:C100948
SNOMEDCT:276361009
The measurement around the body at the level of the ABDOMEN and just above the hip bone. The measurement is usually taken immediately after exhalation.
true
waist circumference
Dani Welter
NCIt:C100947
SNOMEDCT:284472007
circumferential measurement of the largest part of the hip
true
hip circumference
collection of clinical samples from patients, collection of plant materials in a forest, collection of larvae from lab-grown Drosophila flies.
Drashtti Vasant
true
Describes the procedure whereby biological samples for an experiment are sourced.
sample collection protocol
increase in risk
An increase in the probability of an event occuring, as compared to a background risk such as the normal risk in a given population. For intsance, the increased risk of getting breast cancer given a Brca1 mutation.
increased risk
Dani Welter
CPD measurement
the quantification of the number of cigarettes that a subject smoked on average per day
true
cigarettes per day measurement
Obsolete Class
Obsolete Class
example to be eventually removed
example to be eventually removed
metadata complete
Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete.
metadata complete
organizational term
term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release
PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
organizational term
ready for release
Class has undergone final review, is ready for use, and will be included in the next release. Any class lacking "ready_for_release" should be considered likely to change place in hierarchy, have its definition refined, or be obsoleted in the next release. Those classes deemed "ready_for_release" will also derived from a chain of ancestor classes that are also "ready_for_release."
ready for release
metadata incomplete
Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors.
metadata incomplete
uncurated
Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term.
uncurated
pending final vetting
All definitions, placement in the asserted IS_A hierarchy and required minimal metadata are complete. The class is awaiting a final review by someone other than the term editor.
pending final vetting
to be replaced with external ontology term
Terms with this status should eventually replaced with a term from another ontology.
Alan Ruttenberg
group:OBI
to be replaced with external ontology term
requires discussion
A term that is metadata complete, has been reviewed, and problems have been identified that require discussion before release. Such a term requires editor note(s) to identify the outstanding issues.
Alan Ruttenberg
group:OBI
requires discussion
Affymetrix
Affymetrix supplied microarray
An organization which supplies technology, tools and protocols for use in high throughput applications
Affymetrix
Thermo
Philippe Rocca-Serra
Thermo
Waters
Philippe Rocca-Serra
Waters
BIO-RAD
Philippe Rocca-Serra
BIO-RAD
Ambion
Philippe Rocca-Serra
Ambion
Helicos
Philippe Rocca-Serra
Helicos
Roche
Philippe Rocca-Serra
Roche
Illumina
Philippe Rocca-Serra
Illumina
Agilent
Philippe Rocca-Serra
Agilent
Li-Cor
Philippe Rocca-Serra
Li-Cor
Bruker Corporation
Philippe Rocca-Serra
Bruker Corporation
Applied Biosystems
Philippe Rocca-Serra
Applied Biosystems
Bruker Daltonics
Philippe Rocca-Serra
Bruker Daltonics
Sysmex Corporation, Kobe, Japan
WEB:http://www.sysmex.com/@2009/08/06
2009/09/28 Alan Ruttenberg. Fucoidan-use-case
Sysmex Corporation, Kobe, Japan
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
FDA
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
Edingburgh handedness inventory
The Edinburgh Handedness Inventory is a set of questions used to assess the dominance of a person's right or left hand in everyday activities.
PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON:Jessica Turner
PMID:5146491#Oldfield, R.C. (1971). The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia, 9, 97-113
WEB:http://www.cse.yorku.ca/course_archive/2006-07/W/4441/EdinburghInventory.html
Edingburgh handedness inventory
eBioscience
A supplier of flow cytometry analyzers
Karin Breuer
WEB:http://www.ebioscience.com/@2011/04/11
eBioscience
Cytopeia
A supplier of flow cytometry analyzers
Karin Breuer
WEB:http://www.cytopeia.com/@2011/04/11
Cytopeia
Exalpha Biological
A supplier of flow cytometry analyzers
Karin Breuer
WEB:http://www.exalpha.com/@2011/04/11
Exalpha Biological
Apogee Flow Systems
A supplier of flow cytometry analyzers
Karin Breuer
WEB:http://www.apogeeflow.com/@2011/04/11
Apogee Flow Systems
Exbio Antibodies
A supplier of flow cytometry analyzers
Karin Breuer
WEB:http://www.exbio.cz/@2011/04/11
Exbio Antibodies
Becton Dickinson (BD Biosciences)
A supplier of flow cytometry analyzers
Karin Breuer
WEB:http://www.bdbiosciences.com/@2011/04/11
Becton Dickinson (BD Biosciences)
Dako Cytomation
A supplier of flow cytometry analyzers
Karin Breuer
WEB:http://www.dakousa.com/@2011/04/11
Dako Cytomation
Millipore
A supplier of flow cytometry analyzers
Karin Breuer
WEB:http://www.guavatechnologies.com/@2011/04/11
Millipore
Antigenix
A supplier of flow cytometry analyzers
Karin Breuer
WEB:http://www.antigenix.com/@2011/04/11
Antigenix
Partec
A supplier of flow cytometry analyzers
Karin Breuer
WEB:http://www.partec.de/@2011/04/11
Partec
Beckman Coulter
A supplier of flow cytometry analyzers
Karin Breuer
WEB:http://www.beckmancoulter.com/@2011/04/11
Beckman Coulter
Advanced Instruments Inc. (AI Companies)
A supplier of flow cytometry analyzers
Karin Breuer
WEB:http://www.aicompanies.com/@2011/04/11
Advanced Instruments Inc. (AI Companies)
Miltenyi Biotec
A supplier of flow cytometry analyzers
Karin Breuer
WEB:http://www.miltenyibiotec.com/@2011/04/11
Miltenyi Biotec
AES Chemunex
A supplier of flow cytometry analyzers
Karin Breuer
WEB:http://www.aeschemunex.com/@2011/04/11
AES Chemunex
Bentley Instruments
A supplier of flow cytometry analyzers
Karin Breuer
WEB:http://bentleyinstruments.com/@2011/04/11
Bentley Instruments
Invitrogen
A supplier of flow cytometry analyzers
Karin Breuer
WEB:http://www.invitrogen.com/@2011/04/11
Invitrogen
Luminex
A supplier of flow cytometry analyzers
Karin Breuer
WEB:http://www.luminexcorp.com/@2011/04/11
Luminex
CytoBuoy
A supplier of flow cytometry analyzers
Karin Breuer
WEB:http://www.cytobuoy.com/@2011/04/11
CytoBuoy
Nimblegen
An organization that focuses on manufacturing target enrichment probe pools for DNA sequencing.
Person: Jie Zheng
Nimblegen
Pacific Biosciences
An organization that supplies tools for studying the synthesis and regulation of DNA, RNA and protein. It developed a powerful technology platform called single molecule real-time (SMRT) technology which enables real-time analysis of biomolecules with single molecule resolution.
Person: Jie Zheng
Pacific Biosciences
NanoString Technologies
An organization that supplies life science tools for translational research and molecular diagnostics based on a novel digital molecular barcoding technology. The NanoString platform can provide simple, multiplexed digital profiling of single molecules.
NanoString Technologies
4.5
lactic acid concentration in kefir
4.8
lactose concentration in starting milk mixture
0.01
lactose concentration in parmigiano reggiano
55
temperature of parmigiano reggiano curd cooking
10
duration of parmigiano reggiano curd cooking
0.93
water activity of parmigiano reggiano
12
duration of parmigiano reggiano maturation
axiom holds for all times
## Elucidation
This is used when the statement/axiom is assumed to hold true 'eternally'
## How to interpret (informal)
First the "atemporal" FOL is derived from the OWL using the standard
interpretation. This axiom is temporalized by embedding the axiom
within a for-all-times quantified sentence. The t argument is added to
all instantiation predicates and predicates that use this relation.
## Example
Class: nucleus
SubClassOf: part_of some cell
forall t :
forall n :
instance_of(n,Nucleus,t)
implies
exists c :
instance_of(c,Cell,t)
part_of(n,c,t)
## Notes
This interpretation is *not* the same as an at-all-times relation
axiom holds for all times
meter
A length unit which is equal to the length of the path traveled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/299 792 458 of a second.
m
meter
second
A time unit which is equal to the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium 133 atom.
s
sec
second
centimeter
A length unit which is equal to one hundredth of a meter or 10^[-2] m.
cm
centimeter
millimeter
A length unit which is equal to one thousandth of a meter or 10^[-3] m.
mm
millimeter
micrometer
A length unit which is equal to one millionth of a meter or 10^[-6] m.
um
micrometer
nanometer
A length unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a meter or 10^[-9] m.
nm
nanometer
angstrom
A length unit which is equal to 10 [-10] m.
angstrom
milligram
A mass unit which is equal to one thousandth of a gram or 10^[-3] g.
mg
milligram
microgram
A mass unit which is equal to one millionth of a gram or 10^[-6] g.
ug
microgram
nanogram
A mass unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a gram or 10^[-9] g.
ng
nanogram
picogram
A mass unit which is equal to 10^[-12] g.
pg
picogram
degree Celsius
A temperature unit which is equal to one kelvin degree. However, they have their zeros at different points. The centigrade scale has its zero at 273.15 K.
C
degree C
degree Celsius
month
A time unit which is approximately equal to the length of time of one of cycle of the moon's phases which in science is taken to be equal to 30 days.
month
micromole
A substance unit equal to a millionth of a mol or 10^[-6] mol.
umol
micromole
nanomole
A substance unit equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a mole or 10^[-9] mol.
nmol
nanomole
picomole
A substance unit equal to 10^[-12] mol.
pmol
picomole
molar
A unit of concentration which expresses a concentration of 1 mole of solute per liter of solution (mol/L).
M
molar
millimolar
A unit of molarity which is equal to one thousandth of a molar or 10^[-3] M.
mM
millimolar
micromolar
A unit of molarity which is equal to one millionth of a molar or 10^[-6] M.
uM
micromolar
nanomolar
A unit of molarity which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a molar or 10^[-9] M.
nM
nanomolar
picomolar
A unit of molarity which is equal to 10^[-12] M.
pM
picomolar
cubic centimeter
A volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a cubic meter or 10^[-9] m^[3], or to 1 ml.
cc
cubic centimeter
milliliter
A volume unit which is equal to one thousandth of a liter or 10^[-3] L, or to 1 cubic centimeter.
ml
milliliter
liter
A volume unit which is equal to one thousandth of a cubic meter or 10^[-3] m^[3], or to 1 decimeter.
L
liter
cubic decimeter
A volume unit which is equal to one thousand of a cubic meter or 10^[-3] m^[3], or to 1 L.
cubic decimeter
microliter
A volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a liter or 10^[-6] L.
ul
microliter
nanoliter
A volume unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a liter or 10^[-9] L.
nl
nanoliter
picoliter
A volume unit which is equal to 10^[-12] L.
pl
picoliter
hertz
A frequency unit which is equal to 1 complete cycle of a recurring phenomenon in 1 second.
hertz
mass percentage
A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the mass of a substance in a mixture as a percentage of the mass of the entire mixture.
% w/w
percent weight pr weight
mass percentage
mass volume percentage
A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the mass of the substance in a mixture as a percentage of the volume of the entire mixture.
% w/v
percent vol per vol
mass volume percentage
volume percentage
A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the volume of the solute in mL per 100 mL of the resulting solution.
% v/v
percent vol per vol
volume percentage
gram per liter
A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in grams divided by the volume in liters.
g per L
g/L
gram per liter
milligram per milliliter
A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in milligrams divided by the volume in milliliters.
mg per ml
mg/ml
milligram per milliliter
pH
A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the acidity of a solution in terms of activity of hydrogen ions (H+).
pH
milliliter per liter
A volume per unit volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a liter of solute in one liter of solution.
ml per L
ml/l
milliliter per liter
gram per deciliter
A mass density unit which is equal to mass of an object in grams divided by the volume in deciliters.
g/dl
gram per deciliter
colony forming unit per volume
A concentration unit which a measure of viable bacterial numbers in a given volume.
colony forming unit per volume
microliters per minute
A volumetric flow rate unit which is equal to one microliter volume through a given surface in one minute.
microliters per minute
count per nanomolar second
A rate unit which is equal to one over one nanomolar second.
count per nanomolar second
count per molar second
A rate unit which is equal to one over one molar second.
count per molar second
count per nanomolar
A rate unit which is equal to one over one nanomolar.
count per nanomolar
count per molar
A rate unit which is equal to one over one molar.
count per molar
microgram per liter
A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in micrograms divided by the volume in liters.
ng/ml
ug/L
microgram per liter
SVN Revision: Unversioned directory
OBI Release 2017-02-22
geographic location
A reference to a place on the Earth, by its name or by its geographical location.
geographic location
kilogram
A mass unit which is equal to the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram kept by the BIPM at Svres, France.
kg
george gkoutos
kg
unit.ontology
UO:0000009
kilogram
gram
A mass unit which is equal to one thousandth of a kilogram or 10^[-3] kg.
g
george gkoutos
g
unit.ontology
UO:0000021
gram
minute
A time unit which is equal to 60 seconds.
min
george gkoutos
min
unit.ontology
UO:0000031
minute
hour
A time unit which is equal to 3600 seconds or 60 minutes.
h
hr
george gkoutos
h
unit.ontology
UO:0000032
hour
day
A time unit which is equal to 24 hours.
george gkoutos
unit.ontology
UO:0000033
day
week
A time unit which is equal to 7 days.
george gkoutos
unit.ontology
UO:0000034
week
year
A time unit which is equal to 12 months which is science is taken to be equal to 365.25 days.
george gkoutos
unit.ontology
UO:0000036
year