terms4FAIRskills (T4FS)
type: Ontology
version IRI: t4fs.owl
description: terms4FAIRskills describes the competencies, skills and knowledge associated with making and keeping data FAIR.\nThis terminology applies to a variety of use cases, including: assisting with the creation and assessment of stewardship curricula; facilitating the annotation, discovery and evaluation of FAIR-enabling materials \(e.g. training\) and resources; enabling the formalisation of job descriptions and CVs with recognised, structured competencies.\nIt is intended to be of use to trainers who teach FAIR data skills, researchers who wish to identify skill gaps in their teams and managers who need to recruit individuals to relevant roles.
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
comment: terms4FAIRskills by the terms4FAIRskills developers is licensed under CC BY 4.0. You are free to share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) for any purpose, even commercially. for any purpose, even commercially. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms. You must give appropriate credit (by using the original ontology IRI for the whole ontology and original term IRIs for individual terms), provide a link to the license, and indicate if any changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
version info: 2023-03-02

definition
type: AnnotationProperty
IAO_0000111: definition
IAO_0000114: ready for release
definition: The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
IAO_0000116: 2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with.
term editor: PERSON:Daniel Schober
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
created by: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
comment: Allyson Lister 8.10.2019: Although the IAO definition has been included here, we have made a curation decision to allow non-Aristotelian definitions.

Axiom
annotated source: definition
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
definition source: IAO

term editor
type: AnnotationProperty
IAO_0000111: term editor
IAO_0000114: ready for release
definition: Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people
IAO_0000116: 20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/115.
term editor: PERSON:Daniel Schober
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
created by: Peter McQuilton
created by: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: term editor
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people
definition source: IAO

alternative label
type: AnnotationProperty
IAO_0000111: alternative label
IAO_0000114: pending final vetting
definition: A label for a class or property that can be used to refer to the class or property instead of the preferred rdfs:label. Alternative labels should be used to indicate community- or context-specific labels, abbreviations, shorthand forms and the like.
definition: An alternative name for a class or property which means the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent)
term editor: OBO Operations committee
term editor: PERSON:Daniel Schober
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
comment: Consider re-defing to: An alternative name for a class or property which can mean the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent, narrow, broad or related).
label: alternative term

Axiom
annotated source: alternative label
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An alternative name for a class or property which means the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent)
definition source: IAO

definition source
type: AnnotationProperty
IAO_0000111: definition source
IAO_0000114: ready for release
definition: Formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007
term editor: PERSON:Daniel Schober
definition source: Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
created by: Peter McQuilton
created by: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: definition source
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007
definition source: IAO

term tracker item
type: AnnotationProperty
IAO_0000111: term tracker item
IAO_0000112: the URI for an OBI Terms ticket at sourceforge, such as https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/772/
IAO_0000114: pending final vetting
definition: An IRI or similar locator for a request or discussion of an ontology term.
term editor: Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg
comment: The 'tracker item' can associate a tracker with a specific ontology term.

alternative definition
type: AnnotationProperty
created by: Peter McQuilton
creation date: 2019-10-17T13:38:16.742124Z

alternative definition source
type: AnnotationProperty
created by: Peter McQuilton
creation date: 2019-10-17T13:39:13.568975Z

created by
type: AnnotationProperty

creation date
type: AnnotationProperty

is about
type: ObjectProperty
domain: information content entity
IAO_0000112: This document is about information artifacts and their representations
IAO_0000114: pending final vetting
definition: A (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity.
IAO_0000116: 7/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg. Following discussion with Jonathan Rees, and introduction of "mentions" relation. Weaken the is_about relationship to be primitive. We will try to build it back up by elaborating the various subproperties that are more precisely defined. Some currently missing phenomena that should be considered "about" are predications - "The only person who knows the answer is sitting beside me" , Allegory, Satire, and other literary forms that can be topical without explicitly mentioning the topic.
term editor: person:Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy

characteristic of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has characteristic
type: FunctionalProperty
IAO_0000111: inheres in
IAO_0000112: this fragility is a characteristic of this vase
IAO_0000112: this red color is a characteristic of this apple
definition: a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence.
alternative label: inheres_in
RO_0001900: RO_0001901
comment: Note that this relation was previously called "inheres in", but was changed to be called "characteristic of" because BFO2 uses "inheres in" in a more restricted fashion. This relation differs from BFO2:inheres_in in two respects: (1) it does not impose a range constraint, and thus it allows qualities of processes, as well as of information entities, whereas BFO2 restricts inheres_in to only apply to independent continuants (2) it is declared functional, i.e. something can only be a characteristic of one thing.

has characteristic
type: ObjectProperty
type: InverseFunctionalProperty
range: specifically dependent continuant
IAO_0000111: bearer of
IAO_0000112: this apple is bearer of this red color
IAO_0000112: this vase is bearer of this fragility
definition: Inverse of characteristic_of
IAO_0000116: A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist.
alternative label: bearer_of
alternative label: is bearer of
RO_0001900: RO_0001901

function of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: characteristic of
inverse of: has function
domain: function
IAO_0000112: this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme
definition: a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
IAO_0000116: A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists.
alternative label: function_of
alternative label: is function of
comment: This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020.

quality of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: characteristic of
inverse of: has quality
IAO_0000112: this red color is a quality of this apple
definition: a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
IAO_0000116: A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists.
alternative label: is quality of
alternative label: quality_of
comment: This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020.

role of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: characteristic of
inverse of: has role
IAO_0000112: this investigator role is a role of this person
definition: a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
IAO_0000116: A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
alternative label: is role of
alternative label: role_of
comment: This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020.

has function
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has characteristic
domain: independent continuant
range: function
IAO_0000112: this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function)
definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
IAO_0000116: A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists.
alternative label: has_function

has quality
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has characteristic
range: quality
IAO_0000112: this apple has quality this red color
definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
IAO_0000116: A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist.
alternative label: has_quality

has role
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has characteristic
domain: independent continuant
range: role
IAO_0000112: this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator)
definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
IAO_0000116: A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
alternative label: has_role

has disposition
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has characteristic
inverse of: disposition of
domain: independent continuant
range: disposition
definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence

disposition of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: characteristic of
comment: This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020.

confers competency about
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: competency gained through
domain: learning medium
range: data stewardship activity
definition: Describes how a learning medium is intended to confer a competence or capability regarding a particular data stewardship activity, e.g. a presentation confering competency in metadata creation.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
created by: Peter McQuilton
creation date: 2020-10-01T21:36:11.080721Z

Axiom
annotated source: confers competency about
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Describes how a learning medium is intended to confer a competence or capability regarding a particular data stewardship activity, e.g. a presentation confering competency in metadata creation.
definition source: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

confers knowledge about
type: ObjectProperty
domain: learning medium
range: data stewardship technical concept
definition: Describes how a learning medium is intended to confer knowledge of a particular data stewardship technical concept in order for that learning medium to perform its function, e.g. a presentation conferring competency in metadata.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
created by: Peter McQuilton
creation date: 2020-12-06 00:00:00

Axiom
annotated source: confers knowledge about
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Describes how a learning medium is intended to confer knowledge of a particular data stewardship technical concept in order for that learning medium to perform its function, e.g. a presentation conferring competency in metadata.
definition source: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

requires/improves personal attribute
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: data stewardship activity
  union of: learning medium
range: data stewardship soft skill
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
created by: Peter McQuilton

confers practical skill about
type: ObjectProperty
domain: learning medium
range: data stewardship technical concept
definition: Describes how a learning medium confers practical skills regarding a particular data stewardship technical concept in order for that learning medium to perform its function e.g. a workshop conferring a practical skill in repository access.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
created by: Peter McQuilton
creation date: 2020-12-06 00:00:00

Axiom
annotated source: confers practical skill about
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Describes how a learning medium confers practical skills regarding a particular data stewardship technical concept in order for that learning medium to perform its function e.g. a workshop conferring a practical skill in repository access.
definition source: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

has/wants competency in
type: ObjectProperty
domain: role
range: data stewardship activity
definition: Describes how an expertise level or role (e.g. "data steward") is associated with a data stewardship activity (e.g. ‘workflow set-up and management’) to indicate whether someone has an awareness of the area, or an ability to do it, or expert knowledge of it.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
comment: Definition added 8.2.22

Axiom
annotated source: has/wants competency in
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Describes how an expertise level or role (e.g. "data steward") is associated with a data stewardship activity (e.g. ‘workflow set-up and management’) to indicate whether someone has an awareness of the area, or an ability to do it, or expert knowledge of it.
definition source: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

has/wants knowledge about
type: ObjectProperty
domain: role
range: Class
  union of: data stewardship technical concept
  union of: data stewardship guideline
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

supports implementation of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: learning medium
range: data stewardship guideline
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
created by: Peter McQuilton

has/wants practical skill about
type: ObjectProperty
domain: role
range: data stewardship technical concept
definition: Desires/has a competence or capability acquired or applied in a specific context, e.g. producing a research output or deploying a service. A skill may be specified in a ‘skills user story’. A badge or certificate may provide evidence that a skill has been acquired, and a publication, personal profile, portfolio or CV may provide evidence that a skill has been applied.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
created by: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: has/wants practical skill about
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Desires/has a competence or capability acquired or applied in a specific context, e.g. producing a research output or deploying a service. A skill may be specified in a ‘skills user story’. A badge or certificate may provide evidence that a skill has been acquired, and a publication, personal profile, portfolio or CV may provide evidence that a skill has been applied.
definition source: FAIR4S

has aptitude for
type: ObjectProperty
domain: role
range: data stewardship soft skill
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
created by: Peter McQuilton
creation date: 2021-03-24T15:33:43.476917Z

contributes to the implementation of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: data stewardship technical concept
range: data stewardship guideline
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
created by: Peter McQuilton
creation date: 2021-03-22T15:25:13.443153Z

competency gained through
type: ObjectProperty
domain: data stewardship activity
range: learning medium
definition: The learning media that creates a competence or capability.
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
created by: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
comment: Allyson Lister 13.9.22: This class is created as the inverse of confers/requires competency about to allow consistent reasoning and access to the Data stewardship guidelines for Data stewardship activities. It needs to be revisited by the entire team to check the model.

Axiom
annotated source: competency gained through
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The learning media that creates a competence or capability.
definition source: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

requires competency about
type: ObjectProperty
domain: learning medium
range: data stewardship activity
definition: Describes how a learning medium requires competency in a particular data stewardship activity in order for that learning medium to perform its function, e.g. a presentation requiring competency in metadata creation prior to engaging with that learning medium.

Axiom
annotated source: requires competency about
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Describes how a learning medium requires competency in a particular data stewardship activity in order for that learning medium to perform its function, e.g. a presentation requiring competency in metadata creation prior to engaging with that learning medium.
definition source: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

requires knowledge about
type: ObjectProperty
domain: learning medium
range: data stewardship technical concept
definition: Describes how a learning medium requires knowledge of a particular data stewardship technical concept in order for that learning medium to perform its function, e.g. a presentation requiring knowledge of metadata.

Axiom
annotated source: requires knowledge about
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Describes how a learning medium requires knowledge of a particular data stewardship technical concept in order for that learning medium to perform its function, e.g. a presentation requiring knowledge of metadata.
definition source: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

requires practical skill about
type: ObjectProperty
domain: learning medium
range: data stewardship technical concept
definition: Describes how a learning medium requires practical skills of a particular data stewardship technical concept in order for that learning medium to perform its function e.g. a workshop requiring a practical skill in repository access.

Axiom
annotated source: requires practical skill about
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Describes how a learning medium requires practical skills of a particular data stewardship technical concept in order for that learning medium to perform its function e.g. a workshop requiring a practical skill in repository access.
definition source: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

confers compliance with
type: ObjectProperty
domain: evaluation indicator
range: data stewardship guideline
definition: Describes how an evaluation indicator may confer compliance with a particular guideline or set of guidelines
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
term tracker item: https://github.com/terms4fairskills/FAIRterminology/issues/22

Axiom
annotated source: confers compliance with
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Describes how an evaluation indicator may confer compliance with a particular guideline or set of guidelines
definition source: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

demonstrates how to fulfil the requirements for
type: ObjectProperty
domain: learning medium
range: evaluation indicator
definition: A learning medium may demonstrate how to meet the requirements for a particular evaluation indicator(s).
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
term tracker item: https://github.com/terms4fairskills/FAIRterminology/issues/22

Axiom
annotated source: demonstrates how to fulfil the requirements for
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A learning medium may demonstrate how to meet the requirements for a particular evaluation indicator(s).
definition source: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

reference URL
type: DatatypeProperty

entity
type: Class
BFO_0000179: entity
BFO_0000180: Entity
IAO_0000112: Julius Caesar
IAO_0000112: Verdi’s Requiem
IAO_0000112: the Second World War
IAO_0000112: your body mass index
IAO_0000116: BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81
IAO_0000116: Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf
IAO_0000600: An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001])

Axiom
annotated source: entity
annotated property: IAO_0000116
annotated target: Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000004
comment: per discussion with Barry Smith

Axiom
annotated source: entity
annotated property: IAO_0000600
annotated target: An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/001-001

continuant
type: Class
subclass of: entity
disjoint with: occurent
BFO_0000179: continuant
BFO_0000180: Continuant
definition: An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts.
IAO_0000116: BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240
IAO_0000116: Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants
IAO_0000600: A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002])
IAO_0000601: if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001])
IAO_0000601: if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002])
IAO_0000601: if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002])
IAO_0000602: (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002]
IAO_0000602: (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001]
IAO_0000602: (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002]
IAO_0000602: (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002]

Axiom
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: IAO_0000116
annotated target: Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000007

Axiom
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: IAO_0000600
annotated target: A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/008-002

Axiom
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: IAO_0000601
annotated target: if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/126-001

Axiom
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: IAO_0000601
annotated target: if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/009-002

Axiom
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: IAO_0000601
annotated target: if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/011-002

Axiom
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: IAO_0000602
annotated target: (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002]
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/009-002

Axiom
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: IAO_0000602
annotated target: (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001]
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/126-001

Axiom
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: IAO_0000602
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002]
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/008-002

Axiom
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: IAO_0000602
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002]
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/011-002

occurent
type: Class
subclass of: entity
BFO_0000179: occurrent
BFO_0000180: Occurrent
definition: An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time.
IAO_0000116: BFO 2 Reference: every occurrent that is not a temporal or spatiotemporal region is s-dependent on some independent continuant that is not a spatial region
IAO_0000116: BFO 2 Reference: s-dependence obtains between every process and its participants in the sense that, as a matter of necessity, this process could not have existed unless these or those participants existed also. A process may have a succession of participants at different phases of its unfolding. Thus there may be different players on the field at different times during the course of a football game; but the process which is the entire game s-depends_on all of these players nonetheless. Some temporal parts of this process will s-depend_on on only some of the players.
IAO_0000116: Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process.
IAO_0000116: Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame.
IAO_0000600: An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002])
IAO_0000601: Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001])
IAO_0000601: b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001])
IAO_0000602: (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001]
IAO_0000602: (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001]
label: occurrent

Axiom
annotated source: occurent
annotated property: IAO_0000116
annotated target: Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process.
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000006
comment: per discussion with Barry Smith

Axiom
annotated source: occurent
annotated property: IAO_0000116
annotated target: Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame.
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000012

Axiom
annotated source: occurent
annotated property: IAO_0000600
annotated target: An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/077-002

Axiom
annotated source: occurent
annotated property: IAO_0000601
annotated target: Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/108-001

Axiom
annotated source: occurent
annotated property: IAO_0000601
annotated target: b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/079-001

Axiom
annotated source: occurent
annotated property: IAO_0000602
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001]
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/108-001

Axiom
annotated source: occurent
annotated property: IAO_0000602
annotated target: (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001]
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/079-001

independent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: continuant
disjoint with: specifically dependent continuant
disjoint with: generically dependent continuant
BFO_0000179: ic
BFO_0000180: IndependentContinuant
IAO_0000112: a chair
IAO_0000112: a heart
IAO_0000112: a leg
IAO_0000112: a molecule
IAO_0000112: a spatial region
IAO_0000112: an atom
IAO_0000112: an orchestra.
IAO_0000112: an organism
IAO_0000112: the bottom right portion of a human torso
IAO_0000112: the interior of your mouth
definition: b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])
IAO_0000601: For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001])
IAO_0000601: For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002])
IAO_0000602: (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001]
IAO_0000602: (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002]
IAO_0000602: (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002]

Axiom
annotated source: independent continuant
annotated property: definition
annotated target: b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/017-002

Axiom
annotated source: independent continuant
annotated property: IAO_0000601
annotated target: For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/134-001

Axiom
annotated source: independent continuant
annotated property: IAO_0000601
annotated target: For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/018-002

Axiom
annotated source: independent continuant
annotated property: IAO_0000602
annotated target: (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001]
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/134-001

Axiom
annotated source: independent continuant
annotated property: IAO_0000602
annotated target: (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002]
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/018-002

Axiom
annotated source: independent continuant
annotated property: IAO_0000602
annotated target: (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002]
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/017-002

process
type: Class
subclass of: occurent
BFO_0000179: process
BFO_0000180: Process
IAO_0000112: a process of cell-division, \ a beating of the heart
IAO_0000112: a process of meiosis
IAO_0000112: a process of sleeping
IAO_0000112: the course of a disease
IAO_0000112: the flight of a bird
IAO_0000112: the life of an organism
IAO_0000112: your process of aging.
definition: p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])
IAO_0000116: BFO 2 Reference: The realm of occurrents is less pervasively marked by the presence of natural units than is the case in the realm of independent continuants. Thus there is here no counterpart of ‘object’. In BFO 1.0 ‘process’ served as such a counterpart. In BFO 2.0 ‘process’ is, rather, the occurrent counterpart of ‘material entity’. Those natural – as contrasted with engineered, which here means: deliberately executed – units which do exist in the realm of occurrents are typically either parasitic on the existence of natural units on the continuant side, or they are fiat in nature. Thus we can count lives; we can count football games; we can count chemical reactions performed in experiments or in chemical manufacturing. We cannot count the processes taking place, for instance, in an episode of insect mating behavior.Even where natural units are identifiable, for example cycles in a cyclical process such as the beating of a heart or an organism’s sleep/wake cycle, the processes in question form a sequence with no discontinuities (temporal gaps) of the sort that we find for instance where billiard balls or zebrafish or planets are separated by clear spatial gaps. Lives of organisms are process units, but they too unfold in a continuous series from other, prior processes such as fertilization, and they unfold in turn in continuous series of post-life processes such as post-mortem decay. Clear examples of boundaries of processes are almost always of the fiat sort (midnight, a time of death as declared in an operating theater or on a death certificate, the initiation of a state of war)
IAO_0000602: (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003]

Axiom
annotated source: process
annotated property: definition
annotated target: p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/083-003

Axiom
annotated source: process
annotated property: IAO_0000602
annotated target: (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003]
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/083-003

disposition
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
disjoint with: role
BFO_0000179: disposition
BFO_0000180: Disposition
IAO_0000112: an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y
IAO_0000112: certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer
IAO_0000112: children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways.
IAO_0000112: the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocytosis and exocytosis
IAO_0000116: BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type.
IAO_0000600: b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002])
IAO_0000601: If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002])
IAO_0000602: (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002]
IAO_0000602: (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002]

Axiom
annotated source: disposition
annotated property: IAO_0000600
annotated target: b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/062-002

Axiom
annotated source: disposition
annotated property: IAO_0000601
annotated target: If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/063-002

Axiom
annotated source: disposition
annotated property: IAO_0000602
annotated target: (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002]
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/063-002

Axiom
annotated source: disposition
annotated property: IAO_0000602
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002]
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/062-002

realizable entity
type: Class
subclass of: specifically dependent continuant
disjoint with: quality
BFO_0000179: realizable
BFO_0000180: RealizableEntity
IAO_0000112: the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity.
IAO_0000112: the disposition of your blood to coagulate
IAO_0000112: the function of your reproductive organs
IAO_0000112: the role of being a doctor
IAO_0000112: the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet
definition: A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances.
IAO_0000600: To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002])
IAO_0000601: All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002])
IAO_0000602: (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002]
IAO_0000602: (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002]

Axiom
annotated source: realizable entity
annotated property: IAO_0000600
annotated target: To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/058-002

Axiom
annotated source: realizable entity
annotated property: IAO_0000601
annotated target: All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/060-002

Axiom
annotated source: realizable entity
annotated property: IAO_0000602
annotated target: (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002]
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/060-002

Axiom
annotated source: realizable entity
annotated property: IAO_0000602
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002]
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/058-002

quality
type: Class
subclass of: specifically dependent continuant
BFO_0000179: quality
BFO_0000180: Quality
IAO_0000112: the ambient temperature of this portion of air
IAO_0000112: the color of a tomato
IAO_0000112: the length of the circumference of your waist
IAO_0000112: the mass of this piece of gold.
IAO_0000112: the shape of your nose
IAO_0000112: the shape of your nostril
IAO_0000600: a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001])
IAO_0000601: If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001])
IAO_0000602: (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001]
IAO_0000602: (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001]

Axiom
annotated source: quality
annotated property: IAO_0000600
annotated target: a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/055-001

Axiom
annotated source: quality
annotated property: IAO_0000601
annotated target: If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/105-001

Axiom
annotated source: quality
annotated property: IAO_0000602
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001]
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/055-001

Axiom
annotated source: quality
annotated property: IAO_0000602
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001]
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/105-001

specifically dependent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: continuant
disjoint with: generically dependent continuant
BFO_0000179: sdc
BFO_0000180: SpecificallyDependentContinuant
IAO_0000112: Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key
IAO_0000112: of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato
IAO_0000112: of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates.
IAO_0000112: the disposition of this fish to decay
IAO_0000112: the function of this heart: to pump blood
IAO_0000112: the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79
IAO_0000112: the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction
IAO_0000112: the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center
IAO_0000112: the role of being a doctor
IAO_0000112: the shape of this hole.
IAO_0000112: the smell of this portion of mozzarella
definition: b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])
IAO_0000116: Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc.
IAO_0000602: (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003]

Axiom
annotated source: specifically dependent continuant
annotated property: definition
annotated target: b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/050-003

Axiom
annotated source: specifically dependent continuant
annotated property: IAO_0000116
annotated target: Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc.
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000005
comment: per discussion with Barry Smith

Axiom
annotated source: specifically dependent continuant
annotated property: IAO_0000602
annotated target: (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003]
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/050-003

role
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has/wants competency in
  some values from: data stewardship activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has/wants knowledge about
  some values from: data stewardship technical concept
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has/wants knowledge about
  some values from: data stewardship guideline
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has/wants practical skill about
  some values from: data stewardship technical concept
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has aptitude for
  some values from: data stewardship soft skill
BFO_0000179: role
BFO_0000180: Role
IAO_0000112: John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married.
IAO_0000112: the priest role
IAO_0000112: the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories
IAO_0000112: the role of a building in serving as a military target
IAO_0000112: the role of a stone in marking a property boundary
IAO_0000112: the role of subject in a clinical trial
IAO_0000112: the student role
definition: A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts.
IAO_0000116: BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
IAO_0000600: b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001])
IAO_0000602: (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001]

Axiom
annotated source: role
annotated property: IAO_0000600
annotated target: b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/061-001

Axiom
annotated source: role
annotated property: IAO_0000602
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001]
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/061-001

generically dependent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: continuant
BFO_0000179: gdc
BFO_0000180: GenericallyDependentContinuant
IAO_0000112: The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity.
IAO_0000112: the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop
IAO_0000112: the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule.
definition: b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])
IAO_0000602: (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001]

Axiom
annotated source: generically dependent continuant
annotated property: definition
annotated target: b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/074-001

Axiom
annotated source: generically dependent continuant
annotated property: IAO_0000602
annotated target: (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001]
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/074-001

function
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
BFO_0000179: function
BFO_0000180: Function
IAO_0000112: the function of a hammer to drive in nails
IAO_0000112: the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity
IAO_0000112: the function of amylase in saliva to break down starch into sugar
IAO_0000116: BFO 2 Reference: In the past, we have distinguished two varieties of function, artifactual function and biological function. These are not asserted subtypes of BFO:function however, since the same function – for example: to pump, to transport – can exist both in artifacts and in biological entities. The asserted subtypes of function that would be needed in order to yield a separate monoheirarchy are not artifactual function, biological function, etc., but rather transporting function, pumping function, etc.
IAO_0000600: A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001])
IAO_0000602: (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001]

Axiom
annotated source: function
annotated property: IAO_0000600
annotated target: A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/064-001

Axiom
annotated source: function
annotated property: IAO_0000602
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001]
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/064-001

data item
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
IAO_0000111: data item
IAO_0000112: Data items include counts of things, analyte concentrations, and statistical summaries.
IAO_0000114: pending final vetting
definition: An information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements.
IAO_0000116: 2/2/2009 Alan and Bjoern discussing FACS run output data. This is a data item because it is about the cell population. Each element records an event and is typically further composed a set of measurment data items that record the fluorescent intensity stimulated by one of the lasers.
IAO_0000116: 2009-03-16: data item deliberatly ambiguous: we merged data set and datum to be one entity, not knowing how to define singular versus plural. So data item is more general than datum.
IAO_0000116: 2009-03-16: removed datum as alternative term as datum specifically refers to singular form, and is thus not an exact synonym.
IAO_0000116: 2014-03-31: See discussion at http://odontomachus.wordpress.com/2014/03/30/aboutness-objects-propositions/
IAO_0000116: JAR: datum -- well, this will be very tricky to define, but maybe some information-like stuff that might be put into a computer and that is meant, by someone, to denote and/or to be interpreted by some process... I would include lists, tables, sentences... I think I might defer to Barry, or to Brian Cantwell Smith JAR: A data item is an approximately justified approximately true approximate belief
term editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
term editor: PERSON: Chris Stoeckert
term editor: PERSON: Jonathan Rees
alternative label: data

information content entity
type: Class
subclass of: generically dependent continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: entity
IAO_0000111: information content entity
IAO_0000112: Examples of information content entites include journal articles, data, graphical layouts, and graphs.
IAO_0000114: ready for release
definition: A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing.
IAO_0000116: 2014-03-10: The use of "thing" is intended to be general enough to include universals and configurations (see https://groups.google.com/d/msg/information-ontology/GBxvYZCk1oc/-L6B5fSBBTQJ).
IAO_0000116: information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some digital_entity in obi before split (040907). information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some physical_document in obi before split (040907). Previous. An information content entity is a non-realizable information entity that 'is encoded in' some digital or physical entity.
term editor: PERSON: Chris Stoeckert
definition source: OBI_0000142

curation status specification
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  one of: example to be eventually removed
  one of: metadata complete
  one of: organizational term
  one of: ready for release
  one of: metadata incomplete
  one of: uncurated
  one of: pending final vetting
  one of: to be replaced with external ontology term
  one of: requires discussion
subclass of: data about an ontology part
IAO_0000111: curation status specification
IAO_0000114: pending final vetting
definition: The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value.
IAO_0000116: Better to represent curation as a process with parts and then relate labels to that process (in IAO meeting)
term editor: PERSON:Bill Bug
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
definition source: OBI_0000266

data about an ontology part
type: Class
subclass of: data item
IAO_0000111: data about an ontology part
definition: Data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term
term editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg

obsolescence reason specification
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  one of: failed exploratory term
  one of: placeholder removed
  one of: terms merged
  one of: term imported
  one of: term split
  one of: out of scope
subclass of: data about an ontology part
IAO_0000111: obsolescence reason specification
IAO_0000114: pending final vetting
definition: The reason for which a term has been deprecated. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value.
IAO_0000116: The creation of this class has been inspired in part by Werner Ceusters' paper, Applying evolutionary terminology auditing to the Gene Ontology.
term editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
term editor: PERSON: Melanie Courtot

denotator type
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  one of: universal
  one of: defined class
  one of: named class expression
subclass of: data about an ontology part
IAO_0000111: denotator type
IAO_0000112: The Basic Formal Ontology ontology makes a distinction between Universals and defined classes, where the formal are "natural kinds" and the latter arbitrary collections of entities.
definition: A denotator type indicates how a term should be interpreted from an ontological perspective.
term editor: Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters

pipe separated values
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to the implementation of
  some values from: I1. (meta)data use a formal, accessible, shared, and broadly applicable language for knowledge representation
definition: A file that contains the values in a table as a series of ASCII text lines organized so that each column value is separated by a pipe.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: pipe separated values
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A file that contains the values in a table as a series of ASCII text lines organized so that each column value is separated by a pipe.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/pipe-separated-values/

software preservation
type: Class
subclass of: archiving
definition: Software preservation involves the collection and long-term storage of software for archiving as well as maintaining availability and accessibility.
term editor: Kristina Hettne
term editor: Victoria Dominguez Del Angel
term editor: Yann Le Franc
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
comment: AL 8.2.22: Refactored "software review and preservation" to "software preservation", as the review process is not within the remit of terms4FAIRskills. Added definition and source.

Axiom
annotated source: software preservation
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Software preservation involves the collection and long-term storage of software for archiving as well as maintaining availability and accessibility.
definition source: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495 8.2.22

repository access
type: Class
subclass of: repository
definition: In accessing a repository one uses a client (application) to discover relevant digital objects within a repository, and then retrieve a copy of a desired digital object.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: repository access
annotated property: definition
annotated target: In accessing a repository one uses a client (application) to discover relevant digital objects within a repository, and then retrieve a copy of a desired digital object.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/repository-access

develop fair and open research vision
type: Class
subclass of: develop open research strategy and vision
definition: Include FAIR and open research in the strategic framework for the organization and set objectives and timeframe.
term editor: Angus Whyte
term editor: Celia van Gelder
term editor: Mateusz Kuzak
term editor: Yan Wang

develop open research strategy and vision
type: Class
subclass of: strategic/long-term planning
definition: The activity of developing an open research strategy and vision.
term editor: Angus Whyte
term editor: Celia van Gelder
term editor: Mateusz Kuzak
term editor: Yan Wang

Axiom
annotated source: develop open research strategy and vision
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The activity of developing an open research strategy and vision.
definition source: PMQ 3.2022

data management policy
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to the implementation of
  some values from: fair principle
definition: A written document backed by management describing policy and providing guidance to ensure that appropriate standards, consistent guidelines, and common strategies are used, providing linkages to and consistency with other similar systems, and fostering a true network across an organization producing data.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data management policy
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A written document backed by management describing policy and providing guidance to ensure that appropriate standards, consistent guidelines, and common strategies are used, providing linkages to and consistency with other similar systems, and fostering a true network across an organization producing data.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-management-policy/

understand research code of conduct
type: Class
subclass of: research integrity, attribution, impact awareness
definition: Understand how the governing principles of research integrity and FAIR overlap
term editor: Angus Whyte
term editor: Celia van Gelder

choosing the appropriate reporting guideline for your data
type: Class
subclass of: fair evaluation of repositories for data deposition
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: competency gained through
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: learning medium
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: supports implementation of
      some values from: I1. (meta)data use a formal, accessible, shared, and broadly applicable language for knowledge representation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: competency gained through
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: learning medium
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: supports implementation of
      some values from: I3. (meta)data include qualified references to other (meta)data
definition: To be able to choose the appropriate reporting guideline/checklist for your data, based on community-adopted standards.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: choosing the appropriate reporting guideline for your data
annotated property: definition
annotated target: To be able to choose the appropriate reporting guideline/checklist for your data, based on community-adopted standards.
definition source: [PMQ]

data stewardship activity
type: Class
subclass of: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: requires/improves personal attribute
  some values from: data stewardship soft skill
definition: A specific deed, action, function or sphere of action in relation with the role of data stewardship
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: Yann Le Franc
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
alternative definition: Set of actions carried out during data stewardship processes

data munging
type: Class
subclass of: curation
definition: A series of potentially destructive or irrevocable changes to a piece of data or a file. Common munging operations include removing punctuation or html tags, data parsing, filtering, and transformation.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data munging
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A series of potentially destructive or irrevocable changes to a piece of data or a file. Common munging operations include removing punctuation or html tags, data parsing, filtering, and transformation.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-munging/

interoperability of digital assets
type: Class
subclass of: fair principle
term editor: Peter McQuilton

skills for resource management
type: Class
subclass of: resource management
definition: Bin for Skills related to Resource management
term editor: leightonlc

preservation
type: Class
subclass of: archiving
definition: An activity within archiving in which specific items of data are maintained over time so that they can still be accessed and understood through changes in technology.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
alternative label: Conservation

Axiom
annotated source: preservation
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An activity within archiving in which specific items of data are maintained over time so that they can still be accessed and understood through changes in technology.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/preservation/

data categorisation
type: Class
subclass of: curation
alternative label: Data Categorization
alternative label: Data Classification
created by: Peter McQuilton
creation date: 2021-02-17T22:30:31.531624Z

data registration
type: Class
subclass of: exposing data
definition: A curation process on a data object by which it receives a persistent object identifier (PID) from a trusted registration authority. Registration must be accompanied by the step(s) to upload the data object to a persistent repository.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: data registration
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A curation process on a data object by which it receives a persistent object identifier (PID) from a trusted registration authority. Registration must be accompanied by the step(s) to upload the data object to a persistent repository.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-registration/ RELATED TERM. Repository; Persistent identifierREFERENCE. Research Data Alliance http://smw-rda.esc.rzg.mpg.de/index.php/Main_Page ; NISO (2004) Understanding Metadata. Bethesda, MD: NISO Press.

interoperability
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to the implementation of
  some values from: interoperability of digital assets
definition: The capability to communicate, execute programs, or transfer data among various functional units in a useful and meaningful manner that requires the user to have little or no knowledge of the unique characteristics of those units. Foundational, syntactic, and semantic interoperability are the three necessary aspects of interoperability.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: interoperability
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The capability to communicate, execute programs, or transfer data among various functional units in a useful and meaningful manner that requires the user to have little or no knowledge of the unique characteristics of those units. Foundational, syntactic, and semantic interoperability are the three necessary aspects of interoperability.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/interoperability/

exposing data
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: competency gained through
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: learning medium
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: supports implementation of
      some values from: fair principle
definition: Exposing data is the activity of exposing your data to collaborators, the public, or other interested parties. A data producer makes the data accessible to external users in a machine- and/or human-readable way.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
comment: AL 15.3.22: Was "expose your data", which was not in the style of other term labels. Also updated definition, but might need revisiting later for a more formal definition.

Axiom
annotated source: exposing data
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Exposing data is the activity of exposing your data to collaborators, the public, or other interested parties. A data producer makes the data accessible to external users in a machine- and/or human-readable way.
definition source: [PMQ 3.2022, AL 15.3.22]

aptitudes for workflow technologies management
type: Class
subclass of: workflow technologies management
definition: Bin for Aptitudes related to Workflow technologies management.
term editor: leightonlc

de facto standard
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to the implementation of
  some values from: I1. (meta)data use a formal, accessible, shared, and broadly applicable language for knowledge representation
definition: A standard that is widely accepted and used, but lacks formal approval by a recognized standards developing organization (e.g., the QWERTY keyboard).
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: de facto standard
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A standard that is widely accepted and used, but lacks formal approval by a recognized standards developing organization (e.g., the QWERTY keyboard).
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/de-facto-standard/

data entity
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: An object, event, or phenomenon about which data are stored in a database and which has intermediate representation in a Data Model.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data entity
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An object, event, or phenomenon about which data are stored in a database and which has intermediate representation in a Data Model.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-entity/

real-time data
type: Class
subclass of: data
definition: Data that are being received, processed and stored at the time of their occurrence with only small delays. Examples include: stock quotes, manufacturing statistics, Web server loads, data warehouse activity and sensor feeds to data collectors. Real-time data are data streams that are typically generated by sensors and received via direct networking connections.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: real-time data
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Data that are being received, processed and stored at the time of their occurrence with only small delays. Examples include: stock quotes, manufacturing statistics, Web server loads, data warehouse activity and sensor feeds to data collectors. Real-time data are data streams that are typically generated by sensors and received via direct networking connections.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/real-time-data

storage security risk assessment and mitigation
type: Class
subclass of: storage security management
definition: Detect and analysis security risk of storage periodically, and minimize the impact of the risks detected
term editor: Angus Whyte
term editor: Celia van Gelder
term editor: Mateusz Kuzak
term editor: Yan Wang

remote access
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: The ability to get access to a computer or a network from a remote distance. Access may be through an Internet service provider (ISP) or through a dedicated line between a computer or a remote local area network and the central or main corporate local area network. A dedicated line is more expensive and less flexible but offers faster data rates.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: remote access
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The ability to get access to a computer or a network from a remote distance. Access may be through an Internet service provider (ISP) or through a dedicated line between a computer or a remote local area network and the central or main corporate local area network. A dedicated line is more expensive and less flexible but offers faster data rates.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/remote-access

fair stewardship supervising
type: Class
subclass of: fair training
definition: The activity of supervision of other people to ensure FAIR data practices.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: Philippe Rocca-Serra
term editor: Susanna Sansone
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: fair stewardship supervising
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The activity of supervision of other people to ensure FAIR data practices.
definition source: PMQ

skills related to high performance computing management
type: Class
subclass of: high performance computing management
definition: Bin for Skills needed for High performance computing management.
term editor: leightonlc

fair metrics selection skills
type: Class
subclass of: fairness assessment
definition: Ability to select the appropriate FAIR metrics among the existing ones in relation to the type of digital object concerned.
term editor: Kristina Hettne
term editor: Victoria Dominguez Del Angel
term editor: Yann Le Franc

relational database
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: A collection of data items organized as a set of formally-described tables from which data can be accessed or reassembled in many different ways without having to reorganize the database tables. The standard user and application program interface to a relational database is the structured query language (SQL).
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: relational database
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A collection of data items organized as a set of formally-described tables from which data can be accessed or reassembled in many different ways without having to reorganize the database tables. The standard user and application program interface to a relational database is the structured query language (SQL).
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/relational-database

non identifiable data
type: Class
subclass of: data
definition: Data that could not lead to the identification of a specific object of interest. These may be data that have been de-identified, or that could not lead to identifiable information in the first place.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
comment: AL 6.5.22: Modifed CASRAI definition to distinguish this term from 'non personally identifiable information.' Further work may determine whether or not both terms are required.

Axiom
annotated source: non identifiable data
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Data that could not lead to the identification of a specific object of interest. These may be data that have been de-identified, or that could not lead to identifiable information in the first place.
definition source: Modified by AL on 6.5.22 from CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/non-identifiable-data/

database developer
type: Class
subclass of: role

curation
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: competency gained through
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: learning medium
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: supports implementation of
      some values from: fair principle
definition: The activity of managing and promoting the use of data from their point of creation to ensure that they are fit for contemporary purpose and available for discovery and reuse.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: curation
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The activity of managing and promoting the use of data from their point of creation to ensure that they are fit for contemporary purpose and available for discovery and reuse.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/curation/

A1. (meta)data are retrievable by their identifier using a standardised communications protocol
type: Class
subclass of: accessibility of digital assets
term editor: Peter McQuilton

version control
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: Control over time of data, computer code, software, and documents that allows for the ability to revert to a previous revision, which is critical for data traceability, tracking edits, and correcting mistakes. Version control generates a (changed) copy of a data object that is uniquely labeled with a version number. The intent is to track changes to a data object, by making versioned copies. Note that a version is different from a backup copy, which is typically a copy made at a specific point in time, or a replica.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: version control
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Control over time of data, computer code, software, and documents that allows for the ability to revert to a previous revision, which is critical for data traceability, tracking edits, and correcting mistakes. Version control generates a (changed) copy of a data object that is uniquely labeled with a version number. The intent is to track changes to a data object, by making versioned copies. Note that a version is different from a backup copy, which is typically a copy made at a specific point in time, or a replica.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/version-control

understanding fair and open research challenges in your organization
type: Class
subclass of: develop open research strategy and vision
definition: Understand the FAIR and open research practices, and the research landscape / current data management practices in the organization.
term editor: Angus Whyte
term editor: Celia van Gelder
term editor: Mateusz Kuzak
term editor: Yan Wang

ethical application of patents, licenses
type: Class
subclass of: publish data

data access protocol
type: Class
subclass of: access
definition: A system that allows outsiders to be granted access to databases without overloading the system.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data access protocol
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A system that allows outsiders to be granted access to databases without overloading the system.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-access-protocol/

data processing
type: Class
subclass of: curation
definition: A generic concept referring to all kinds of procedures being executed on data at any point in the data life cycle.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data processing
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A generic concept referring to all kinds of procedures being executed on data at any point in the data life cycle.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-processing/

data organization
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to the implementation of
  some values from: fair principle
definition: Denotes the complexity of measures that are used by a repository to form aggregations of data objects (including collections and metadata) to describe the properties of data objects, to register PIDs, to build the PID records, to link between all components, and to set up the containers (software stack) that are used to store all...
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data organization
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Denotes the complexity of measures that are used by a repository to form aggregations of data objects (including collections and metadata) to describe the properties of data objects, to register PIDs, to build the PID records, to link between all components, and to set up the containers (software stack) that are used to store all...
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-organization/

data rescue
type: Class
subclass of: archiving
definition: Recovery and/or transformation and digitization of dark data and at-risk data so that they can be preserved, accessed, shared, and used. Data rescue also involves the addition of rich metadata to make the content understandable and more easily re-usable.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: data rescue
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Recovery and/or transformation and digitization of dark data and at-risk data so that they can be preserved, accessed, shared, and used. Data rescue also involves the addition of rich metadata to make the content understandable and more easily re-usable.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-rescue/ REFERENCE. http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/hwrp/datarescue.php ; http://iedro.org/data-rescue-process/ ;

understand societal impact of research
type: Class
subclass of: research integrity, attribution, impact awareness
definition: Anticipate possible implications of the research and making its outputs FAIR, reflecting on rmotivations and areas of uncertainty
term editor: Angus Whyte
term editor: Celia van Gelder
term editor: Mateusz Kuzak
term editor: Yan Wang

searching via algorithms and software
type: Class
subclass of: search repositories and knowledge-bases
definition: To be able to search using software with a GUI or terminal access. For example using BLAST or genomic search tools in the life sciences.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
alternative label: Algorithm searching
alternative label: Programmatic search
alternative label: batch search

Axiom
annotated source: searching via algorithms and software
annotated property: definition
annotated target: To be able to search using software with a GUI or terminal access. For example using BLAST or genomic search tools in the life sciences.
definition source: [PMQ]

audit
type: Class
subclass of: assessment
definition: An independent evaluation of an organization, system, process, project or product.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: audit
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An independent evaluation of an organization, system, process, project or product.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/audit/

wiki site
type: Class
subclass of: online documentation
created by: Peter McQuilton
creation date: 2020-10-01T21:03:37.147424Z

skills related to authorisation management
type: Class
subclass of: authorisation management
definition: Bin for Skills needed for Authorization management.
term editor: leightonlc

storage management
type: Class
subclass of: resource management
definition: The term storage management encompasses the technologies and processes organizations use to maximize or improve the performance of their data storage resources. It is a broad category that includes virtualization, replication, mirroring, security, compression, traffic analysis, process automation, storage provisioning and related techniques.
term editor: Kristina Hettne
term editor: Simon Hodson
term editor: Victoria Dominguez Del Angel

Axiom
annotated source: storage management
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The term storage management encompasses the technologies and processes organizations use to maximize or improve the performance of their data storage resources. It is a broad category that includes virtualization, replication, mirroring, security, compression, traffic analysis, process automation, storage provisioning and related techniques.
definition source: (webopedia.com/TERM/S/storage_management.html)[VDA]

data warehouse
type: Class
subclass of: data store
definition: A central repository for all or significant parts of the data that an organization's various business systems collect. A data warehouse tends to be a strategic but somewhat unfinished concept. Data warehousing emphasizes the capture of data from diverse sources for useful analysis and access, but does not generally start from the point-of-view of the … <a href=CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-warehouse/ class=more-link
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data warehouse
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A central repository for all or significant parts of the data that an organization's various business systems collect. A data warehouse tends to be a strategic but somewhat unfinished concept. Data warehousing emphasizes the capture of data from diverse sources for useful analysis and access, but does not generally start from the point-of-view of the … <a href=CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-warehouse/ class=more-link
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-warehouse/

data driven disaster
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship activity
definition: A serious problem caused by one or more ineffective data analysis processes. In addition to the financial burden, problems with data quality and analysis can have a serious impact on security, compliance, project management and human resource management, among others.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data driven disaster
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A serious problem caused by one or more ineffective data analysis processes. In addition to the financial burden, problems with data quality and analysis can have a serious impact on security, compliance, project management and human resource management, among others.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-driven-disaster/

data identifier
type: Class
subclass of: persistent identifier
definition: An identifier that uniquely distinguishes one set of data from all others.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data identifier
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An identifier that uniquely distinguishes one set of data from all others.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-identifier/

data splitting
type: Class
subclass of: information security
definition: An approach to protecting sensitive data from unauthorized access by encrypting the data and storing different portions of a file on different servers. An unauthorized person would need to know the locations of the servers containing the parts, be able to get access to each server, know what data to combine, and how to decrypt it. Data splitting can be made even more effective by periodically retrieving and recombining the parts, and then splitting the data in a different way among different servers, and using a different encryption key.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: data splitting
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An approach to protecting sensitive data from unauthorized access by encrypting the data and storing different portions of a file on different servers. An unauthorized person would need to know the locations of the servers containing the parts, be able to get access to each server, know what data to combine, and how to decrypt it. Data splitting can be made even more effective by periodically retrieving and recombining the parts, and then splitting the data in a different way among different servers, and using a different encryption key.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-splitting/

manage access
type: Class
subclass of: information security
definition: Monitor the status of information access of different stakeholder groups. Evaluate new access request and authorize or decline it. Update the organizational information access overview.
term editor: Angus Whyte
term editor: Celia van Gelder
term editor: Mateusz Kuzak
term editor: Yan Wang

system metadata
type: Class
subclass of: metadata
definition: Digital entity properties that are generated by the data management system (e.g., creation time; owner; storage location; data retention period; the length of time a digital entity will be retained).
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: system metadata
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Digital entity properties that are generated by the data management system (e.g., creation time; owner; storage location; data retention period; the length of time a digital entity will be retained).
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/system-metadata/

tactical/short-term planning
type: Class
subclass of: project management activities
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: Philippe Rocca-Serra
term editor: Susanna Sansone
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

electronic medical record
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: An electronic version of the paper record that doctors have traditionally maintained for their patients and which is typically only accessible within the facility or office that controls it.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: electronic medical record
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An electronic version of the paper record that doctors have traditionally maintained for their patients and which is typically only accessible within the facility or office that controls it.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/electronic-medical-record/

aptitudes for provenance information management
type: Class
subclass of: provenance information management
definition: Bin for Aptitudes related to Provenance information management.
term editor: leightonlc

data modeling
type: Class
subclass of: curation
definition: Data modeling formalizes and documents existing processes and events. It captures and translates complex system designs into easily understood representations of the data flows and processes, creating a blueprint for construction and/or re-engineering.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data modeling
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Data modeling formalizes and documents existing processes and events. It captures and translates complex system designs into easily understood representations of the data flows and processes, creating a blueprint for construction and/or re-engineering.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-modeling/

use of aggregator sites
type: Class
subclass of: search repositories and knowledge-bases
definition: To be able to search and understand the results from dataset aggregrator sites. To understand the implications of the provenance of the data and how to integrate and analyse data with differing metadata.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
alternative label: Searching aggregator sites

Axiom
annotated source: use of aggregator sites
annotated property: definition
annotated target: To be able to search and understand the results from dataset aggregrator sites. To understand the implications of the provenance of the data and how to integrate and analyse data with differing metadata.
definition source: [PMQ]

manage metadata catalog
type: Class
subclass of: resource management
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: competency gained through
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: learning medium
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: supports implementation of
      some values from: fair principle
definition: Implement the policies that govern the choice of metadata schema, reserved vocabularies, metadata organization in tables, and metadata properties (creation date, access control, ownership, etc.).
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: manage metadata catalog
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Implement the policies that govern the choice of metadata schema, reserved vocabularies, metadata organization in tables, and metadata properties (creation date, access control, ownership, etc.).
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/manage-metadata-catalog

data transformation
type: Class
subclass of: data analysis
definition: Manipulation of raw data to produce a single output.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: data transformation
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Manipulation of raw data to produce a single output.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-transformation/

cataloguing
type: Class
subclass of: curation
definition: An intellectual process of describing objects in accordance with accepted library principles, particularly those of subject and classification order.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: cataloguing
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An intellectual process of describing objects in accordance with accepted library principles, particularly those of subject and classification order.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/cataloguing/

design and apply processes for attribution
type: Class
subclass of: research integrity, attribution, impact awareness
definition: Iniitate and develop processes for crediting the contributions of researchers and professional groups towards making FAIR outputs
term editor: Angus Whyte
term editor: Celia van Gelder
term editor: Mateusz Kuzak
term editor: Yan Wang

dataset series
type: Class
subclass of: database
definition: A collection of datasets sharing the same product specification. A dataset series is a type of aggregation or collection with some logical grouping such as by a topic (specification) with the (product) unit being a dataset series. Example: A series of earth observations. Each year, month or week (depending on the volume) might be a … <a href=CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/dataset-series/ class=more-link
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: dataset series
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A collection of datasets sharing the same product specification. A dataset series is a type of aggregation or collection with some logical grouping such as by a topic (specification) with the (product) unit being a dataset series. Example: A series of earth observations. Each year, month or week (depending on the volume) might be a … <a href=CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/dataset-series/ class=more-link
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/dataset-series/

data dictionary
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: A collection of descriptions of the data objects or items in a data model.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data dictionary
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A collection of descriptions of the data objects or items in a data model.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-dictionary/

data selection
type: Class
subclass of: data acquisition
definition: A process that creates a new dataset from an original source. Examples include: creating a subset of the data,querying a database.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: data selection
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A process that creates a new dataset from an original source. Examples include: creating a subset of the data,querying a database.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-selection/

apply data access policy
type: Class
subclass of: access control and management
definition: Define data access policy based on project requirements. Provide access to autorised parties.
term editor: Celia van Gelder
term editor: Mateusz Kuzak
term editor: Yan Wang

data discovery
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship activity
definition: The ability to find and comprehend data produced by people other than yourself.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
alternative label: Data search
comment: AL 15.3.22: tidied label from "discover other peoples data" to "Data discovery

Axiom
annotated source: data discovery
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The ability to find and comprehend data produced by people other than yourself.
definition source: [PMQ]

documented data
type: Class
subclass of: data
definition: Data that are delivered with all associated metadata, data dictionary, description of methods and instruments used to collect and process the data, and other supporting data (e.g., duplicate sample results, replicate analyses, percent recovery, etc.).
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: documented data
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Data that are delivered with all associated metadata, data dictionary, description of methods and instruments used to collect and process the data, and other supporting data (e.g., duplicate sample results, replicate analyses, percent recovery, etc.).
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/documented-data/

conducting operations
type: Class
subclass of: project management activities
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: Philippe Rocca-Serra
term editor: Susanna Sansone
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

dynamic data
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: Data the content of which is changing frequently and at asynchronous moments. Examples include: Data streams that are generated by sensors when it is unpredictable when data segments will appear in time (i.e. data streams have gaps); Data streams that are generated by humans in crowdsourcing scenarios where it is not clear when which cell in a database will be filled.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: dynamic data
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Data the content of which is changing frequently and at asynchronous moments. Examples include: Data streams that are generated by sensors when it is unpredictable when data segments will appear in time (i.e. data streams have gaps); Data streams that are generated by humans in crowdsourcing scenarios where it is not clear when which cell in a database will be filled.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/dynamic-data/

reference model
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to the implementation of
  some values from: I1. (meta)data use a formal, accessible, shared, and broadly applicable language for knowledge representation
definition: A design covering a class of frameworks with the following characteristics: (1) it can be used to generate more specific models that still belong to the class and (2) it can be used to compare a concrete framework design to identify whether it belongs to the same class.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: reference model
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A design covering a class of frameworks with the following characteristics: (1) it can be used to generate more specific models that still belong to the class and (2) it can be used to compare a concrete framework design to identify whether it belongs to the same class.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/reference-model

online workbook
type: Class
subclass of: online documentation
created by: Peter McQuilton
creation date: 2020-10-01T20:52:57.551905Z

engaging in open innovation beyond academia
type: Class
subclass of: publish data

registered data
type: Class
subclass of: data
definition: Data that have gone through a registration process and have been assigned an identifier metadata to aid in their search and retrieval.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: registered data
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Data that have gone through a registration process and have been assigned an identifier metadata to aid in their search and retrieval.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/registered-data

integrity
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship activity
definition: In the context of data and network security: The assurance that information can only be accessed or modified by those authorized to do so. Measures taken to ensure integrity include controlling the physical environment of networked terminals and servers, restricting access to data, and maintaining rigorous authentication practices. Data integrity can also be threatened by environmental hazards, such as heat, dust, and electrical surges.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: integrity
annotated property: definition
annotated target: In the context of data and network security: The assurance that information can only be accessed or modified by those authorized to do so. Measures taken to ensure integrity include controlling the physical environment of networked terminals and servers, restricting access to data, and maintaining rigorous authentication practices. Data integrity can also be threatened by environmental hazards, such as heat, dust, and electrical surges.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/integrity/

digital scholarship
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship activity
definition: Incorporates: building a digital collection of information for further study and analysis; creating appropriate tools for collection- building; creating appropriate tools for the analysis and study of collections; using digital collections and analytical tools to generate new intellectual products; and, Creating authoring tools for these new intellectual products, either in traditional forms or in digital form.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: digital scholarship
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Incorporates: building a digital collection of information for further study and analysis; creating appropriate tools for collection- building; creating appropriate tools for the analysis and study of collections; using digital collections and analytical tools to generate new intellectual products; and, Creating authoring tools for these new intellectual products, either in traditional forms or in digital form.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/digital-scholarship/

a knowledge for resource management
type: Class
subclass of: resource management
definition: Bin for types of Knowledge related to Resource management
term editor: leightonlc

aptitudes for resource management
type: Class
subclass of: resource management
definition: Bin for Aptitudes related to Resource management.
term editor: leightonlc

knowledge of storage management
type: Class
subclass of: storage management
definition: Bin for types of Knowledge related to Storage management.
term editor: leightonlc

understand open access publishing
type: Class
subclass of: open access publishing
definition: Know about the open access publishing procedure, journals' policies on OA publishing, project funder and institutions policy as well as the financial support on OA publishing
term editor: Celia van Gelder
term editor: Mateusz Kuzak
term editor: Yan Wang

use of persistent, resolvable identifiers (pids)
type: Class
subclass of: Obsolete Class
definition: OBSOLETE. The use of persistent identifiers or PIDs to uniquely and persistently identify an entity.
term editor: Nancy Hoebelheinrich
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
term tracker item: https://github.com/terms4fairskills/FAIRterminology/issues/21
comment: This term is redundant with http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/T4FS_0000388 and has been deprecated.
deprecated: true

Axiom
annotated source: use of persistent, resolvable identifiers (pids)
annotated property: definition
annotated target: OBSOLETE. The use of persistent identifiers or PIDs to uniquely and persistently identify an entity.
definition source: [PMQ 3.2022]

record standardization
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: A process in which files are first parsed (assigned to appropriate fields in a record) and then translated to a common format. For example, if an original record had the client’s name and address as “Bob Jones, VP Acme. Co., 15 S. Main St, Brooklyn” the standardized record might read “Bob Jones, Vice President, Acme Corporation, 15 South Main Street, Brooklyn, New York”. Data often lack consistency simply because there are a many of ways of saying the same thing. Standardizing the record ensures that when a query is run for a particular field, accurate results will be returned.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: record standardization
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A process in which files are first parsed (assigned to appropriate fields in a record) and then translated to a common format. For example, if an original record had the client’s name and address as “Bob Jones, VP Acme. Co., 15 S. Main St, Brooklyn” the standardized record might read “Bob Jones, Vice President, Acme Corporation, 15 South Main Street, Brooklyn, New York”. Data often lack consistency simply because there are a many of ways of saying the same thing. Standardizing the record ensures that when a query is run for a particular field, accurate results will be returned.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/record-standardization

online documentation
type: Class
subclass of: learning medium
term editor: Peter McQuilton
created by: Peter McQuilton
creation date: 2020-10-01T20:53:59.107153Z

metadata catalogue
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to the implementation of
  some values from: F4. (meta)data are registered or indexed in a searchable resource
definition: A catalogue containing metadata records in XML-encoded (machine-readable and human-readable) format that enables services to find data and services.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
created by: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: metadata catalogue
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A catalogue containing metadata records in XML-encoded (machine-readable and human-readable) format that enables services to find data and services.
definition source: https://casrai.org/term/metadata-catalogue/

understand legal background of patents
type: Class
subclass of: ethical application of patents, licenses
definition: Learn about the types of patents and its legal implications. Understand the application procedure of patents.
term editor: Celia van Gelder
term editor: Mateusz Kuzak
term editor: Yan Wang

data file format
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: The layout of a file in terms of how the data within the file are organized. A program that uses the data in a file must be able to recognize and possibly access data within the file.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data file format
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The layout of a file in terms of how the data within the file are organized. A program that uses the data in a file must be able to recognize and possibly access data within the file.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-file-format/

data catalogue
type: Class
subclass of: data store
definition: A curated collection of metadata about datasets and their data elements.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data catalogue
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A curated collection of metadata about datasets and their data elements.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-catalogue/

curation workflow
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: A type of workflow that includes active steps to curate data as an aid to on-going management of data through its lifecycle.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: curation workflow
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A type of workflow that includes active steps to curate data as an aid to on-going management of data through its lifecycle.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/curation-workflow/

A1.1 the protocol is open, free, and universally implementable
type: Class
subclass of: A1. (meta)data are retrievable by their identifier using a standardised communications protocol
term editor: Peter McQuilton

preservation costs management
type: Class
subclass of: resource management
definition: Planning for and controlling the present and future costs of the conservation of data, including technical storage, fixed costs, and staff resources.
term editor: Kristina Hettne
term editor: Leighton Christiansen
term editor: Simon Hodson
term editor: Victoria Dominguez Del Angel

Axiom
annotated source: preservation costs management
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Planning for and controlling the present and future costs of the conservation of data, including technical storage, fixed costs, and staff resources.
definition source: Based on https://www.cessda.eu/About/Projects/Past-projects/CESSDA-SaW/WP4/Cost-Benefit-Advocacy-Toolkit/Costs-Factsheet [LLC]

project manager
type: Class
subclass of: manager
definition: The person who is tasked with delivering a project within the boundaries and framework established by the program manager. The project manager is and should be delivery and execution focused and is judged on the elements of time, cost, and scope of the project. The person responsible for ensuring that the Project Team completes the project. The Project Manager develops the Project Plan with the team and manages the teamís performance of project tasks. It is also the responsibility of the Project Manager to secure acceptance and approval of deliverables from the Project Sponsor and Stakeholders. The Project Manager is responsible for communication, including status reporting, risk management, escalation of issues that cannot be resolved in the team, and, in general, making sure the project is delivered in budget, on schedule, and within scope.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: project manager
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The person who is tasked with delivering a project within the boundaries and framework established by the program manager. The project manager is and should be delivery and execution focused and is judged on the elements of time, cost, and scope of the project. The person responsible for ensuring that the Project Team completes the project. The Project Manager develops the Project Plan with the team and manages the teamís performance of project tasks. It is also the responsibility of the Project Manager to secure acceptance and approval of deliverables from the Project Sponsor and Stakeholders. The Project Manager is responsible for communication, including status reporting, risk management, escalation of issues that cannot be resolved in the team, and, in general, making sure the project is delivered in budget, on schedule, and within scope.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/project-manager

publish data
type: Class
subclass of: exposing data
term editor: Celia van Gelder
term editor: Mateusz Kuzak
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: Yan Wang
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
alternative label: Release data
comment: AL 9.3.22. Removed from 'FAIR4S defined activity' class to better integrate with the T4FS hierarchy. AL 5.5.22: removed "Publishing and archiving data" and "Publish and archive data" alternative terms, as the two actions are not the same.

information security
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship activity
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
alternative label: Access management
comment: AL 16.3.22: Changed 'information security and access management' such that access management went in as an alternative term. If required in future, we may wish to separate it out completely.

data production
type: Class
subclass of: data acquisition
definition: Includes all activities involved in the planning, collecting, processing, analysis and maintenance of data in the original research project. Among these activities are selecting a study design, constructing instruments for data collection, conducting data collection/creation, performing data editing/verification/validation, analyzing data, backing up data versions and preparing and tagging metadata.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data production
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Includes all activities involved in the planning, collecting, processing, analysis and maintenance of data in the original research project. Among these activities are selecting a study design, constructing instruments for data collection, conducting data collection/creation, performing data editing/verification/validation, analyzing data, backing up data versions and preparing and tagging metadata.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-production/

raw data
type: Class
subclass of: data
definition: Data that have not been processed for meaningful use. Although raw data have the potential to become information, they require selective extraction, organization, and sometimes analysis and formatting for presentation. As a result of processing, raw data sometimes end up in a database, which enables the data to become accessible for further processing and analysis.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: raw data
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Data that have not been processed for meaningful use. Although raw data have the potential to become information, they require selective extraction, organization, and sometimes analysis and formatting for presentation. As a result of processing, raw data sometimes end up in a database, which enables the data to become accessible for further processing and analysis.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/raw-data

interface testing
type: Class
subclass of: assessment
definition: Testing conducted to evaluate whether systems or components pass data and control correctly to each other.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: interface testing
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Testing conducted to evaluate whether systems or components pass data and control correctly to each other.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/interface-testing/

digital object
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: A digital object is editable, interactive, accessible and modifiable by means of digital objects other than the one governing its behaviour, and is distributed over information infrastructures. It is a machine-independent data structure consisting of one or more elements in digital form that can be parsed by different information systems; the structure helps to enable interoperability among diverse information systems in the Internet.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: digital object
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A digital object is editable, interactive, accessible and modifiable by means of digital objects other than the one governing its behaviour, and is distributed over information infrastructures. It is a machine-independent data structure consisting of one or more elements in digital form that can be parsed by different information systems; the structure helps to enable interoperability among diverse information systems in the Internet.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/digital-object/

digital materials
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: A broad term encompassing: (a) digital surrogates created as a result of converting analogue materials to digital form (digitisation); (b) born digital for which there has never been and is never intended to be an analogue equivalent; and, (c) digital records.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: digital materials
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A broad term encompassing: (a) digital surrogates created as a result of converting analogue materials to digital form (digitisation); (b) born digital for which there has never been and is never intended to be an analogue equivalent; and, (c) digital records.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/digital-materials/

define access policy
type: Class
subclass of: information security
definition: Understand the needs and conditions of information access for different stakeholder groups. Identify the responsibility and rights for each stakeholder group on informaiton access. Build up a catalogue of risk profiles. For each risk profile, develope mitigation protocols.
term editor: Angus Whyte
term editor: Celia van Gelder
term editor: Mateusz Kuzak
term editor: Yan Wang

skills related to provenance information management
type: Class
subclass of: provenance information management
definition: Bin for Skills needed for Provenance information management.
created by: leightonlc
creation date: 2019-10-17T15:17:02.313138Z

remote data access
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: The ability to access and download data from a repository.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: remote data access
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The ability to access and download data from a repository.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/remote-data-access

disambiguation
type: Class
subclass of: curation
definition: The act of interpreting an author's intended use of a word that has multiple meanings or spellings.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: disambiguation
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The act of interpreting an author's intended use of a word that has multiple meanings or spellings.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/dissambuation/

data compliance
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: Data compliance consists of the ongoing processes to ensure adherence of data to both enterprise business rules (government department, university, industry, or agency), and to legal, regulatory and accreditation requirements.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data compliance
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Data compliance consists of the ongoing processes to ensure adherence of data to both enterprise business rules (government department, university, industry, or agency), and to legal, regulatory and accreditation requirements.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-compliance/

re-use
type: Class
subclass of: Obsolete Class
definition: OBSOLETE. Use of content outside of its original intention.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
term tracker item: https://github.com/terms4fairskills/FAIRterminology/issues/15
comment: AL 2.3.23: Removed because of its high level of similarity with the 'R' FAIR principle.
deprecated: true

Axiom
annotated source: re-use
annotated property: definition
annotated target: OBSOLETE. Use of content outside of its original intention.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/re-use

trainer/teacher
type: Class
subclass of: role

aptitudes for identity management
type: Class
subclass of: identity management
definition: Bin for Aptitudes related to Identity management.
term editor: leightonlc

understand information security challenges
type: Class
subclass of: information security
definition: Know the security requirements on the organization regarding different types of information Know the current organizational policy, infrastructure and capacity on information security.
term editor: Angus Whyte
term editor: Celia van Gelder
term editor: Mateusz Kuzak
term editor: Yan Wang

aptitudes for authorisation management
type: Class
subclass of: authorisation management
definition: Bin for Aptitudes related to Authorization management.
term editor: leightonlc

assessment
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship activity
term editor: Angus Whyte
term editor: Celia van Gelder
term editor: Mateusz Kuzak
term editor: Yan Wang
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
comment: AL 17.3.22: Updated to "Assessment" to match the style of its sibling classes. AL 3.22: Was "govern and assess", which is a compound concept. Split into two classes, Assess and Governance. Original source: FAIR4S defined activity.

personal information privacy
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: The World Wide Web Consortium’s Platform for Personal Privacy Project (P3P) offers specific recommendations for practices that will let users define and share personal information with Web sites that they agree to share it with. The P3P incorporates a number of industry proposals, including the Open Profiling Standard (OPS). Using software that adheres to the P3P recommendations, users will be able to create a personal profile, all or parts of which can be made accessible to a Web site as the user directs. A tool that will help a user decide whether to trust a given Website with personal information is a Statement of Privacy Policy that a Web site can post.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: personal information privacy
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The World Wide Web Consortium’s Platform for Personal Privacy Project (P3P) offers specific recommendations for practices that will let users define and share personal information with Web sites that they agree to share it with. The P3P incorporates a number of industry proposals, including the Open Profiling Standard (OPS). Using software that adheres to the P3P recommendations, users will be able to create a personal profile, all or parts of which can be made accessible to a Web site as the user directs. A tool that will help a user decide whether to trust a given Website with personal information is a Statement of Privacy Policy that a Web site can post.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/personal-information-privacy

ability to solve fair implementation problems collaboratively
type: Class
subclass of: ability to learn new techniques for fair implementation
definition: Demonstrate ability to involve others and share responsibility for applying FAIR principles.
term editor: Angus Whyte

Axiom
annotated source: ability to solve fair implementation problems collaboratively
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Demonstrate ability to involve others and share responsibility for applying FAIR principles.
definition source: [PMQ, 3.2022]

skills related to cloud computing environment management
type: Class
subclass of: cloud computing environment management
definition: Bin for Skills needed for Cloud computing environment management.
created by: leightonlc
creation date: 2019-10-17T15:14:37.180683Z

data curation
type: Class
subclass of: curation
definition: A managed process, throughout the data lifecycle, by which data & data collections are cleansed, documented, standardized, formatted and inter-related. This includes versioning data, or forming a new collection from several data sources, annotating with metadata, adding codes to raw data (e.g., classifying a galaxy image with a galaxy type such as spiral).
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data curation
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A managed process, throughout the data lifecycle, by which data & data collections are cleansed, documented, standardized, formatted and inter-related. This includes versioning data, or forming a new collection from several data sources, annotating with metadata, adding codes to raw data (e.g., classifying a galaxy image with a galaxy type such as spiral).
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-curation/

cite contributions
type: Class
subclass of: exposing data
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: competency gained through
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: learning medium
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: supports implementation of
      some values from: F3. metadata clearly and explicitly include the identifier of the data they describe
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: competency gained through
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: learning medium
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: supports implementation of
      some values from: F1. (meta)data are assigned a globally unique and persistent identifier
definition: Cite contributions to data work in published literature which draws upon that data.
term editor: Laura Molloy
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: cite contributions
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Cite contributions to data work in published literature which draws upon that data.
definition source: [LM]

operational management
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship soft skill
definition: Ongoing organizational activities associated with supporting functional elements, as opposed to project elements. Operational management also includes support of products that the organization has created through project activity.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: operational management
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Ongoing organizational activities associated with supporting functional elements, as opposed to project elements. Operational management also includes support of products that the organization has created through project activity.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/operational-management/

high quality data
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: High-quality data are complete, timely, accurate, consistent, relevant, reliable, traceable, cleaned, validated, and well documented.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: high quality data
annotated property: definition
annotated target: High-quality data are complete, timely, accurate, consistent, relevant, reliable, traceable, cleaned, validated, and well documented.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/high-quality-data/

how to make your data reuseable
type: Class
subclass of: the use of fair and open research tools or services
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: competency gained through
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: learning medium
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: supports implementation of
      some values from: reuse of digital assets
definition: Understand what reuse is permitted according to the licenses or terms and conditions applicable to services, tools and their content.
term editor: Angus Whyte

I1. (meta)data use a formal, accessible, shared, and broadly applicable language for knowledge representation
type: Class
subclass of: interoperability of digital assets
term editor: Peter McQuilton

schema
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: 1. The organization or structure for a database. The activity of data modeling leads to a schema. (The plural form is schemata.) The term is used in discussing both relational databases and object-oriented databases. The term sometimes seems to refer to a visualization of a structure and sometimes to a formal text-oriented description. Two common types of database schemata are the star schema and the snowflake schema. 2. A formal expression of an inference rule for artificial intelligence (AI) computing. The expression is a generalized axiom in which specific values or cases are substituted for each symbol in the axiom to derive a specific inference.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: schema
annotated property: definition
annotated target: 1. The organization or structure for a database. The activity of data modeling leads to a schema. (The plural form is schemata.) The term is used in discussing both relational databases and object-oriented databases. The term sometimes seems to refer to a visualization of a structure and sometimes to a formal text-oriented description. Two common types of database schemata are the star schema and the snowflake schema. 2. A formal expression of an inference rule for artificial intelligence (AI) computing. The expression is a generalized axiom in which specific values or cases are substituted for each symbol in the axiom to derive a specific inference.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/schema

pid service
type: Class
subclass of: persistent identifier
definition: A service that provides a connection between a PID and its target object.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: pid service
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A service that provides a connection between a PID and its target object.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/pid-service/

foundational interoperability
type: Class
subclass of: interoperability
definition: Foundational interoperability allows data exchange from one information technology system to be received by another and does not require the ability for the receiving information technology system to interpret the data.REFERENCE. Healthcare information management and systems society
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: foundational interoperability
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Foundational interoperability allows data exchange from one information technology system to be received by another and does not require the ability for the receiving information technology system to interpret the data.REFERENCE. Healthcare information management and systems society
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/foundational-interoperability/

data management
type: Class
subclass of: resource management
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: competency gained through
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: learning medium
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: supports implementation of
      some values from: fair principle
definition: The activities of data policies, data planning, data element standardization, information management control, data synchronization, data sharing, and database development, including practices and projects that acquire, control, protect, deliver and enhance the value of data and information.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data management
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The activities of data policies, data planning, data element standardization, information management control, data synchronization, data sharing, and database development, including practices and projects that acquire, control, protect, deliver and enhance the value of data and information.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-management/

authorisation management
type: Class
subclass of: resource management
definition: Authorization management is concerned with people's access to different objects, most often to data or physical objects, such as land, buildings, rooms or infrastructure.
term editor: Kristina Hettne
term editor: Leighton Christiansen
term editor: Simon Hodson
term editor: Victoria Dominguez Del Angel

Axiom
annotated source: authorisation management
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Authorization management is concerned with people's access to different objects, most often to data or physical objects, such as land, buildings, rooms or infrastructure.
definition source: https://managementmania.com/en/authorization-management

knowledge of authorisation management
type: Class
subclass of: authorisation management
definition: Bin for types of Knowledge related to Authorization management.
term editor: leightonlc

search repositories and knowledge-bases
type: Class
subclass of: data discovery
definition: The ability to search repositories and knowledge-bases.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
alternative label: Repository search
alternative label: database search
alternative label: searching databases
alternative label: searching repositories

Axiom
annotated source: search repositories and knowledge-bases
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The ability to search repositories and knowledge-bases.
definition source: [PMQ]

cloud ecosystem
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: An ecosystem that includes not only traditional elements of cloud computing such as software and infrastructure, but also consultants, integrators, partners, third parties and anything in their environments that has a bearing on the other components.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: cloud ecosystem
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An ecosystem that includes not only traditional elements of cloud computing such as software and infrastructure, but also consultants, integrators, partners, third parties and anything in their environments that has a bearing on the other components.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/cloud-ecosystem/

understand legal background of licensing
type: Class
subclass of: ethical application of patents, licenses
definition: Learn about data licensing, the types of data licences and its legal implications. Understand the application procedure of data licences.
term editor: Celia van Gelder
term editor: Mateusz Kuzak
term editor: Yan Wang

archive
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: A place or collection containing static records, documents, or other materials for long-term preservation.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: archive
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A place or collection containing static records, documents, or other materials for long-term preservation.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/archive/

trusted digital repository
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: An infrastructure component that provides reliable, long-term access to managed digital resources. It stores, manages, and curates digital objects and returns their bit streams when a request is issued. Trusted repositories undergo regular assessments according to a set of rules such as defined by Data Seal of Approval (DSA) or TRAC (ISO 16363). It is well understood that such an assessment has the potential of increasing trust from its depositors and users, but it will not be the only criterion for users. Repositories can be at different stages of assessments. However, it is evident that certain quality criteria need to be met to distinguish trusted repositories from all types of other entities that store data such as notebooks or lab servers.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: trusted digital repository
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An infrastructure component that provides reliable, long-term access to managed digital resources. It stores, manages, and curates digital objects and returns their bit streams when a request is issued. Trusted repositories undergo regular assessments according to a set of rules such as defined by Data Seal of Approval (DSA) or TRAC (ISO 16363). It is well understood that such an assessment has the potential of increasing trust from its depositors and users, but it will not be the only criterion for users. Repositories can be at different stages of assessments. However, it is evident that certain quality criteria need to be met to distinguish trusted repositories from all types of other entities that store data such as notebooks or lab servers.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/trusted-digital-repository/

database administration
type: Class
subclass of: data management
definition: The function of managing the physical aspects of data resources, including database design and integrity, backup and recovery, performance and tuning.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: database administration
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The function of managing the physical aspects of data resources, including database design and integrity, backup and recovery, performance and tuning.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/database-administration/ REFERENCE. DAMA Dictionary of Data Management

knowledge of identity management
type: Class
subclass of: identity management
definition: Bin for types of Knowledge related to Identity management
term editor: leightonlc

quality assessment
type: Class
subclass of: assessment
term editor: Angus Whyte
term editor: Celia van Gelder
term editor: Mateusz Kuzak
term editor: Yan Wang

data structure
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: A specialized format for organizing and storing data. General data structure types include the array, the file, the record, the table, the tree, and so on. Any data structure is designed to organize data to suit a specific purpose so that it can be accessed and worked with in appropriate ways....
term editor: Peter McQuilton
alternative label: Data format

Axiom
annotated source: data structure
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A specialized format for organizing and storing data. General data structure types include the array, the file, the record, the table, the tree, and so on. Any data structure is designed to organize data to suit a specific purpose so that it can be accessed and worked with in appropriate ways....
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-structure/

information technology specialist
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: Information systems and technology infrastructure manager, expert, or technician.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: information technology specialist
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Information systems and technology infrastructure manager, expert, or technician.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/information-technology-specialist/

archiving
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship activity
definition: A curation activity that ensures that data are properly selected, stored, and can be accessed, and for which logical and physical integrity are maintained over time, including security and authenticity.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: archiving
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A curation activity that ensures that data are properly selected, stored, and can be accessed, and for which logical and physical integrity are maintained over time, including security and authenticity.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/archiving/

knowledge of preservation costs management
type: Class
subclass of: preservation costs management
definition: Bin for types of Knowledge related to Preservation costs management.
created by: leightonlc
creation date: 2019-10-17T15:17:32.816776Z

user acceptance testing
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship activity
definition: A phase of development where the product is tested in the real world by the intended audience. The experiences of the early users are forwarded back to the developers who make final changes before releasing the product.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: user acceptance testing
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A phase of development where the product is tested in the real world by the intended audience. The experiences of the early users are forwarded back to the developers who make final changes before releasing the product.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/user-acceptance-testing/

minimal metadata
type: Class
subclass of: metadata
definition: A description with very little curation that would include at least a name and PID of a data object. Minimal metadata is only marginally targeted at discovery since there is much better infrastructure to accomplish this.
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: minimal metadata
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A description with very little curation that would include at least a name and PID of a data object. Minimal metadata is only marginally targeted at discovery since there is much better infrastructure to accomplish this.
definition source: CASRAI, https://casrai.org/term/minimal-metadata/

metadata exposure
type: Class
subclass of: exposing data
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: competency gained through
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: learning medium
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: supports implementation of
      some values from: interoperability of digital assets
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: competency gained through
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: learning medium
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: supports implementation of
      some values from: reuse of digital assets
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: competency gained through
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: learning medium
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: supports implementation of
      some values from: findability of digital assets
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: competency gained through
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: learning medium
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: supports implementation of
      some values from: accessibility of digital assets
definition: Metadata exposure is the process of finding, identifying, selecting and acquiring/obtaining access to a metadata entity.
term editor: Nancy Hoebelheinrich
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
comment: AL 22.3.22: Refactored from 'metadata creation and exposure'. Metadata creation has moved to the Curation hierarchy.

Axiom
annotated source: metadata exposure
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Metadata exposure is the process of finding, identifying, selecting and acquiring/obtaining access to a metadata entity.
definition source: AL 22.3.22, and see also FRBR User Tasks at: https://sites.google.com/site/metadatastandards/chapter-6/6-3-frbr-user-tasks.

data destruction
type: Class
subclass of: information security
definition: The process of destroying data stored on tapes, hard disks and other forms of electronic media so that it is completely unreadable and cannot be accessed or used.

Axiom
annotated source: data destruction
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The process of destroying data stored on tapes, hard disks and other forms of electronic media so that it is completely unreadable and cannot be accessed or used.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-destruction/

fair stewardship training
type: Class
subclass of: fair training
definition: The provision of training materials and events in and around good data stewardship.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: Philippe Rocca-Serra
term editor: Susanna Sansone
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: fair stewardship training
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The provision of training materials and events in and around good data stewardship.
definition source: PMQ

creativity
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship soft skill
definition: The ability to have an innovative approach to research by creating new or modified current concepts, theories, approaches and/or solutions.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: creativity
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The ability to have an innovative approach to research by creating new or modified current concepts, theories, approaches and/or solutions.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/creativity/

data table attribute
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: 1. A field or column in a database table. It is an abbreviation for 'physical data attribute' which is a single data element related to a data object, such as a table in a database. The database schema associates one or more attributes with each database entity (i.e. table). 2. A term for a logical or conceptual attribute such as in an entity-attribute-relationship (EAR) data model.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data table attribute
annotated property: definition
annotated target: 1. A field or column in a database table. It is an abbreviation for 'physical data attribute' which is a single data element related to a data object, such as a table in a database. The database schema associates one or more attributes with each database entity (i.e. table). 2. A term for a logical or conceptual attribute such as in an entity-attribute-relationship (EAR) data model.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-table-attribute/

consensus standard
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to the implementation of
  some values from: I1. (meta)data use a formal, accessible, shared, and broadly applicable language for knowledge representation
definition: A standard developed through the cooperation of all parties who have an interest in participating in its development and/or use.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
alternative label: Community standard

Axiom
annotated source: consensus standard
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A standard developed through the cooperation of all parties who have an interest in participating in its development and/or use.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/consensus-standard/

identity management
type: Class
subclass of: resource management
definition: Identity Management (IdM), also called Identity and Access Management (IAM) refers to a framework of policies and technologies for ensuring that the proper user in an organisation has the appropriate access to technology resources systems fall under the overarching umbrella of IT security. IdM systems not only identify, but authenticate and authorize individuals who will be using IT resources, but also the hardware and applications users need to access.
term editor: Kristina Hettne
term editor: Leighton Christiansen
term editor: Simon Hodson
term editor: Victoria Dominguez Del Angel
alternative label: IAM
alternative label: IdM
alternative label: Identity and Access Management

Axiom
annotated source: identity management
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Identity Management (IdM), also called Identity and Access Management (IAM) refers to a framework of policies and technologies for ensuring that the proper user in an organisation has the appropriate access to technology resources systems fall under the overarching umbrella of IT security. IdM systems not only identify, but authenticate and authorize individuals who will be using IT resources, but also the hardware and applications users need to access.
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_management

reuse of digital assets
type: Class
subclass of: fair principle
term editor: Peter McQuilton

investigate open innovation opportunities
type: Class
subclass of: engaging in open innovation beyond academia
definition: Explore the potential application domain/sociental implication of the project work and the communities of users/partners.
term editor: Celia van Gelder
term editor: Mateusz Kuzak
term editor: Yan Wang

data recovery
type: Class
subclass of: archiving
definition: The process of restoring data that have been lost, accidentally deleted, corrupted or made inaccessible for any reason. The data recovery process may vary, depending on the circumstances of the data loss, the data recovery software used to create backups, and backup target media. In some cases, end users may be able to restore lost...
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data recovery
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The process of restoring data that have been lost, accidentally deleted, corrupted or made inaccessible for any reason. The data recovery process may vary, depending on the circumstances of the data loss, the data recovery software used to create backups, and backup target media. In some cases, end users may be able to restore lost...
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-quality-review/

R1. (meta)data are richly described with a plurality of accurate and relevant attributes
type: Class
subclass of: reuse of digital assets
term editor: Peter McQuilton

fair evaluation of repositories for data deposition
type: Class
subclass of: exposing data
definition: To be able to define and deploy appropriate criteria, based on the FAIR principles, to identify the appropriate repository for a dataset. This may, for example, involve discovering the mark-up of the repository, the exchange formats and data models used, and the licensing information for each repository. Tools such as the FAIR evaluator or FAIRshake may be used to assess the FAIRness of a repository based on human-entered questionnaires or FAIRsharing resource metadata.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
alternative label: FAIR data submission
alternative label: Repository FAIRness

Axiom
annotated source: fair evaluation of repositories for data deposition
annotated property: definition
annotated target: To be able to define and deploy appropriate criteria, based on the FAIR principles, to identify the appropriate repository for a dataset. This may, for example, involve discovering the mark-up of the repository, the exchange formats and data models used, and the licensing information for each repository. Tools such as the FAIR evaluator or FAIRshake may be used to assess the FAIRness of a repository based on human-entered questionnaires or FAIRsharing resource metadata.
definition source: [PMQ]

regional standard
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: A Regional standard is one that applies across a multi-nation region. Most countries have their own national standards-making bodies, which in turn may also group together to make regional standards. For example, national standards bodies in Europe are also members of the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) as well as members of ISO. The use of such standards may be voluntary, or they may be referenced in regulation (therefore mandatory).
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
comment: AL 9.3.22: Removed reference to CASRAI (https://casrai.org/term/regional-standard/), as the definition was unsuitable.

Axiom
annotated source: regional standard
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A Regional standard is one that applies across a multi-nation region. Most countries have their own national standards-making bodies, which in turn may also group together to make regional standards. For example, national standards bodies in Europe are also members of the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) as well as members of ISO. The use of such standards may be voluntary, or they may be referenced in regulation (therefore mandatory).
definition source: Adapted by AL from ISO. https://www.iso.org/sites/ConsumersStandards/1_standards.html#section1_2

workflow technologies management
type: Class
subclass of: resource management
definition: The process of setting up environments for workflow technologies.
term editor: Kristina Hettne
term editor: Simon Hodson
term editor: Victoria Dominguez Del Angel

Axiom
annotated source: workflow technologies management
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The process of setting up environments for workflow technologies.
definition source: KH

data steward
type: Class
subclass of: role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has/wants competency in
  some values from: fair stewardship training
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has/wants competency in
  some values from: research data management
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has/wants competency in
  some values from: understanding persistent identifiers
definition: Data stewardship is a shared responsibility between Principal Investigators and data stewards. Principal Investigators are responsible for, and data stewards provide support for: (a) Data collection, data integration, or reuse of existing data; (b) Review of data quality; (c) Description of scientific workflow/process; (d) Provision of standards-compliant metadata; and, (e) Submission of data and data.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
created by: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data steward
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Data stewardship is a shared responsibility between Principal Investigators and data stewards. Principal Investigators are responsible for, and data stewards provide support for: (a) Data collection, data integration, or reuse of existing data; (b) Review of data quality; (c) Description of scientific workflow/process; (d) Provision of standards-compliant metadata; and, (e) Submission of data and data.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-steward/

skills related to preservation costs management
type: Class
subclass of: preservation costs management
definition: Bin for Skills needed for Preservation costs management.
created by: leightonlc
creation date: 2019-10-17T15:17:32.816013Z

repository certification schemes
type: Class
subclass of: repository
created by: Peter McQuilton
creation date: 2021-02-17T22:10:11.837519Z

registry
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: A database containing information about trusted repositories that are provided by the repository managers and are useful for human and machine users. It is a registry information system on which a register is maintained. These registries do not contain information about all metadata descriptions of digital objects, nor do they offer a list of PIDs of all stored digital objects. They do offer information based on standardized types on how to retrieve such information (e.g., the port under which OAI-PMH can be accessed to offer metadata). It is a set of files containing identifiers assigned to items with descriptions of the associated items. It is assignment of a permanent, unique and unambiguous identifier to an item.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: registry
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A database containing information about trusted repositories that are provided by the repository managers and are useful for human and machine users. It is a registry information system on which a register is maintained. These registries do not contain information about all metadata descriptions of digital objects, nor do they offer a list of PIDs of all stored digital objects. They do offer information based on standardized types on how to retrieve such information (e.g., the port under which OAI-PMH can be accessed to offer metadata). It is a set of files containing identifiers assigned to items with descriptions of the associated items. It is assignment of a permanent, unique and unambiguous identifier to an item.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/registry

recognise and acknowledge contributions
type: Class
subclass of: exposing data
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: competency gained through
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: learning medium
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: supports implementation of
      some values from: I3. (meta)data include qualified references to other (meta)data
definition: To clearly communicate the existence of contributions from different individuals / projects to the compilation of a given dataset, in such a way that can be consistently cited.
term editor: Laura Molloy
alternative label: attribution
alternative label: credit

Axiom
annotated source: recognise and acknowledge contributions
annotated property: definition
annotated target: To clearly communicate the existence of contributions from different individuals / projects to the compilation of a given dataset, in such a way that can be consistently cited.
definition source: [LM]

linked open data
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: Data where relationships/connections between them are available to allow easy data access. A typical case of a large Linked dataset is DBPedia (http://dbpedia.org/), which essentially makes the content of Wikipedia available in RDF. This related collection of interrelated datasets is stored on the Web and available via a common format -RDF.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: linked open data
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Data where relationships/connections between them are available to allow easy data access. A typical case of a large Linked dataset is DBPedia (http://dbpedia.org/), which essentially makes the content of Wikipedia available in RDF. This related collection of interrelated datasets is stored on the Web and available via a common format -RDF.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/linked-open-data/

research data format
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: Research data format is a generic term encompassing the concept of a standardised format for research data.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
comment: AL 9.3.2022: The original CASRAI definition is unsuitable (https://casrai.org/term/research-data-format), therefore I have changed the definition to something more generic.

Axiom
annotated source: research data format
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Research data format is a generic term encompassing the concept of a standardised format for research data.
definition source: AL, 9.3.22

research governance
type: Class
subclass of: governance
definition: Ensures that the benefits to society of research outweigh any risks, from both an ethical and legal perspective.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: research governance
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Ensures that the benefits to society of research outweigh any risks, from both an ethical and legal perspective.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/research-governance/

semantic interoperability
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to the implementation of
  some values from: I2. (meta)data use vocabularies that follow fair principles
definition: The ability of computer systems to transmit data with unambiguous, shared meaning. Semantic interoperability is a requirement to enable machine computable logic, inferencing, knowledge discovery, and data federation between information systems. Semantic interoperability is achieved when the information transferred has, in its communicated form, all of the meaning required for the receiving system to interpret it correctly, even when the algorithms used by the receiving system are unknown to the sending system. Syntactic interoperability is a prerequisite to semantic interoperability.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: semantic interoperability
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The ability of computer systems to transmit data with unambiguous, shared meaning. Semantic interoperability is a requirement to enable machine computable logic, inferencing, knowledge discovery, and data federation between information systems. Semantic interoperability is achieved when the information transferred has, in its communicated form, all of the meaning required for the receiving system to interpret it correctly, even when the algorithms used by the receiving system are unknown to the sending system. Syntactic interoperability is a prerequisite to semantic interoperability.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/semantic-interoperability

international chemical identifier
type: Class
subclass of: persistent identifier
definition: In the context of chemistry: The International Chemical Identifier is a non-proprietary identifier for chemical substances that can be used in printed and electronic data sources thus enabling easier linking of diverse data compilations. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)REFERENCE. MIT data management and publishing
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: international chemical identifier
annotated property: definition
annotated target: In the context of chemistry: The International Chemical Identifier is a non-proprietary identifier for chemical substances that can be used in printed and electronic data sources thus enabling easier linking of diverse data compilations. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)REFERENCE. MIT data management and publishing
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/international-chemical-identifier/

research data publication workflow
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship activity
definition: Activities and processes in a digital environment that lead to the publication of research data, associated metadata and accompanying documentation and software code on the Web. In contrast to interim or final published products, workflows are the means to curate, document, and review, and thus ensure and enhance the value of the published product. Workflows can involve both humans and machines and often humans are supported by technology as they perform steps in the workflow. Similar workflows may vary in the details depending on the research discipline, data publishing product and/or the host institution of the workflow (e.g., individual publisher/journal, institutional repository, discipline-specific repository).
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: research data publication workflow
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Activities and processes in a digital environment that lead to the publication of research data, associated metadata and accompanying documentation and software code on the Web. In contrast to interim or final published products, workflows are the means to curate, document, and review, and thus ensure and enhance the value of the published product. Workflows can involve both humans and machines and often humans are supported by technology as they perform steps in the workflow. Similar workflows may vary in the details depending on the research discipline, data publishing product and/or the host institution of the workflow (e.g., individual publisher/journal, institutional repository, discipline-specific repository).
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/research-data-publication-workflow/

data completeness
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: The degree to which all required measures are known. Values may be designated as missing in order not to have empty cells, or missing values may be replaced with default or interpolated values. In the case of default or interpolated values, these must be flagged as such to distinguish them from actual measurements or observations.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data completeness
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The degree to which all required measures are known. Values may be designated as missing in order not to have empty cells, or missing values may be replaced with default or interpolated values. In the case of default or interpolated values, these must be flagged as such to distinguish them from actual measurements or observations.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-completeness/

privacy-preserving data linkage
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: Data linkage where the resulting product has been de-identified.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: privacy-preserving data linkage
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Data linkage where the resulting product has been de-identified.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/privacy-preserving-data-linkage

open access publishing
type: Class
subclass of: publish data
term editor: Celia van Gelder
term editor: Mateusz Kuzak
term editor: Yan Wang
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
comment: AL 22.3.22: refactored 'open access publishing and self-archiving' to be two separate concepts ('open access publishing', and 'self-archiving') according to T4FS best practices. Self-archiving did not have to be created because we already had self-archive, which was then moved to the Archiving hierarchy. 'publish open access' was also removed in favour of this term as they were too similar to have without the potential for confusion by users.

self-archiving
type: Class
subclass of: data archiving
definition: Prepare the data in preferred types and the data documentation. Choose the data repository and data license, deposit the data in the repository.
term editor: Celia van Gelder
term editor: Mateusz Kuzak
term editor: Yan Wang
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

information management advisor
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: A person having a broad knowledge of information management disciplines and who provides guidance and support to program and staff functions on all aspects of managing the information resource.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: information management advisor
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A person having a broad knowledge of information management disciplines and who provides guidance and support to program and staff functions on all aspects of managing the information resource.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/information-management-advisor/

data management plan
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to the implementation of
  some values from: fair principle
definition: A formal statement describing how research data will be managed and documented throughout a research project and the terms regarding the subsequent deposit of the data with a data repository for long-term management and preservation.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data management plan
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A formal statement describing how research data will be managed and documented throughout a research project and the terms regarding the subsequent deposit of the data with a data repository for long-term management and preservation.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-management-plan/

F2. data are described with rich metadata
type: Class
subclass of: findability of digital assets
term editor: Peter McQuilton

R1.1 (meta)data are released with a clear and accessible data usage license
type: Class
subclass of: R1. (meta)data are richly described with a plurality of accurate and relevant attributes
term editor: Peter McQuilton
alternative label: Data license

data stream
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: A sequence of digitally encoded, coherent signals used to send or receive a representation of information content as transmitted.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data stream
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A sequence of digitally encoded, coherent signals used to send or receive a representation of information content as transmitted.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-stream/

data librarian
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: Data experts who have a librarian background. Data librarians often carry out curation and metadata related work. There is much overlap between data librarians, data managers, and data stewards.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data librarian
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Data experts who have a librarian background. Data librarians often carry out curation and metadata related work. There is much overlap between data librarians, data managers, and data stewards.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-librarian/

program governance
type: Class
subclass of: governance
definition: The process of developing, communicating, implementing, monitoring, and assuring the policies, procedures, organizational structures, and practices associated with a given program.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: program governance
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The process of developing, communicating, implementing, monitoring, and assuring the policies, procedures, organizational structures, and practices associated with a given program.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/program-governance/

knowledge of workflow technologies management
type: Class
subclass of: workflow technologies management
definition: Bin for types of Knowledge related to Workflow technologies management.
created by: leightonlc
creation date: 2019-10-17T15:16:10.561925Z

access risk assessment and mitigation
type: Class
subclass of: information security
definition: Obtain an overview of information access status for different stakeholder groups. Check this overview against the organizational information access policy and risk catalogue, identify the type of information security risks based on the mismatch between the current status and policy. Choose and implement the right protocal to mitigate the risk.
term editor: Angus Whyte
term editor: Celia van Gelder
term editor: Mateusz Kuzak
term editor: Yan Wang

usable data
type: Class
subclass of: data
definition: Data that can be understood and used without additional information. Usable data are delivered in a form that meets the needs of different end-user audiences, is ready for the tasks that the end-user needs to accomplish, and that has been adapted to the end-user’s needs (not the other way around). Usable data have been cleaned, structured, are in machine readable format, fully documented, and ready for analysis and interpretation.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: usable data
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Data that can be understood and used without additional information. Usable data are delivered in a form that meets the needs of different end-user audiences, is ready for the tasks that the end-user needs to accomplish, and that has been adapted to the end-user’s needs (not the other way around). Usable data have been cleaned, structured, are in machine readable format, fully documented, and ready for analysis and interpretation.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/usable-data

presentation slides
type: Class
subclass of: learning medium
term editor: Peter McQuilton
created by: Peter McQuilton
creation date: 2020-10-01T20:52:43.543314Z

implement secure storage
type: Class
subclass of: storage security management
definition: Configure secure storage and monitor its usage
term editor: Angus Whyte
term editor: Celia van Gelder
term editor: Mateusz Kuzak
term editor: Yan Wang

data lifecycle
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: Refers to all the stages in the existence of digital information from creation to destruction. A lifecycle view is used to enable active management of the data objects and resource over time, thus maintaining accessibility and usability.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data lifecycle
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Refers to all the stages in the existence of digital information from creation to destruction. A lifecycle view is used to enable active management of the data objects and resource over time, thus maintaining accessibility and usability.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-lifecycle/

format and media migration
type: Class
subclass of: archiving
term editor: Kristina Hettne
term editor: Victoria Dominguez Del Angel
term editor: Yann Le Franc

data store
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: A repository for persistently storing collections of data, such as a database, a file system or a directory. The data stored can be of any type that can be rendered in digital format and placed in electronic media. Examples include text, image, video files and audio files.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data store
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A repository for persistently storing collections of data, such as a database, a file system or a directory. The data stored can be of any type that can be rendered in digital format and placed in electronic media. Examples include text, image, video files and audio files.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-store/

design processes for research integrity
type: Class
subclass of: research integrity, attribution, impact awareness
definition: Initiate and develop processes to ensure outputs are made FAIR consistently with research integrity principles, and with ethical oversight.
term editor: Angus Whyte
term editor: Celia van Gelder
term editor: Mateusz Kuzak
term editor: Yan Wang

core trust seal
type: Class
subclass of: repository certification schemes
definition: CoreTrustSeal offers to any interested data repository a core level certification based on the DSA–WDS Core Trustworthy Data Repositories Requirements catalogue and procedures. This universal catalogue of requirements reflects the core characteristics of trustworthy data repositories and is the culmination of a cooperative effort between DSA and WDS under the umbrella of the Research Data Alliance to merge their data repositories certifications.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
alternative label: CTS
created by: Peter McQuilton
creation date: 2021-02-17T22:12:12.996581Z

Axiom
annotated source: core trust seal
annotated property: definition
annotated target: CoreTrustSeal offers to any interested data repository a core level certification based on the DSA–WDS Core Trustworthy Data Repositories Requirements catalogue and procedures. This universal catalogue of requirements reflects the core characteristics of trustworthy data repositories and is the culmination of a cooperative effort between DSA and WDS under the umbrella of the Research Data Alliance to merge their data repositories certifications.
definition source: https://www.coretrustseal.org/about/

project management lifecycle
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: Defines how to manage a project. It will always be the same, regardless of the project lifecycle being employed.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: project management lifecycle
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Defines how to manage a project. It will always be the same, regardless of the project lifecycle being employed.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/project-management-lifecycle

authenticity metadata
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to the implementation of
  some values from: I1. (meta)data use a formal, accessible, shared, and broadly applicable language for knowledge representation
definition: A type of metadata that conveys information needed to link a data object to its original source.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: authenticity metadata
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A type of metadata that conveys information needed to link a data object to its original source.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/authenticity-metadata/

researcher
type: Class
subclass of: role

skills related to service level management
type: Class
subclass of: service level management
definition: Bin for Skills needed for Service level management.
created by: leightonlc
creation date: 2019-10-17T15:18:53.731967Z

personally identifiable information
type: Class
subclass of: personal information privacy
definition: 1. Data which relate to a living individual who can be identified (a) from those data, or (b) from those data and other information which is in the possession of, or is likely to come into the possession of, the data controller, and includes any expression of opinion about the individual and any indication of the intentions of the data controller or any other person in respect of the individual. 2. Any data that could potentially identify a specific individual. Any information that can be used to distinguish one person from another and can be used for de-anonymizing anonymous data can be considered personally identifiable data. 3. Data are identifiable if the information contains the name of an individual, or other identifying items such as birth date, address or geocoding. Data will be identifiable if the information contains a unique personal identifier and the holder of the information also has the master list linking the identifiers to individuals. Data may also be identifiable because of the number of different pieces of information known about a particular individual. It may also be possible to ascertain the identity of individuals from aggregated data where there are very few individuals in a particular category. Identifiability is dependent on the amount of information held and also on the skills and technology of the holder.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: personally identifiable information
annotated property: definition
annotated target: 1. Data which relate to a living individual who can be identified (a) from those data, or (b) from those data and other information which is in the possession of, or is likely to come into the possession of, the data controller, and includes any expression of opinion about the individual and any indication of the intentions of the data controller or any other person in respect of the individual. 2. Any data that could potentially identify a specific individual. Any information that can be used to distinguish one person from another and can be used for de-anonymizing anonymous data can be considered personally identifiable data. 3. Data are identifiable if the information contains the name of an individual, or other identifying items such as birth date, address or geocoding. Data will be identifiable if the information contains a unique personal identifier and the holder of the information also has the master list linking the identifiers to individuals. Data may also be identifiable because of the number of different pieces of information known about a particular individual. It may also be possible to ascertain the identity of individuals from aggregated data where there are very few individuals in a particular category. Identifiability is dependent on the amount of information held and also on the skills and technology of the holder.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/personally-identifiable-information

understand storage security challanges
type: Class
subclass of: storage security management
definition: Understand the current storage security status and the preferred status, as well as the barriers between them.
term editor: Angus Whyte
term editor: Celia van Gelder
term editor: Mateusz Kuzak
term editor: Yan Wang

normalization
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: The process of organizing data into tables in such a way that the results of using the database are always unambiguous and as intended. Normalization is typically a refinement process after the initial exercise of identifying the data objects that should be in the database, identifying their relationships, and defining the tables required and the columns within each table.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: normalization
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The process of organizing data into tables in such a way that the results of using the database are always unambiguous and as intended. Normalization is typically a refinement process after the initial exercise of identifying the data objects that should be in the database, identifying their relationships, and defining the tables required and the columns within each table.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/normalization/

evaluation
type: Class
subclass of: assessment
definition: Evaluation is a decision about significance, value, or quality of something, based on careful study of its good and bad features.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
comment: AL 17.3.22: We may wish to make this an alternative term of Assessment.

Axiom
annotated source: evaluation
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Evaluation is a decision about significance, value, or quality of something, based on careful study of its good and bad features.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/evaluation/

data item
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: A type of data element that expresses a proposition that binds one or more property values to some data entity.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data item
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A type of data element that expresses a proposition that binds one or more property values to some data entity.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-item/

confidentiality
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: The duties and practices of people and organizations to ensure that individual's personal information only flows from one entity to another according to legislated or otherwise broadly accepted norms and policies.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: confidentiality
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The duties and practices of people and organizations to ensure that individual's personal information only flows from one entity to another according to legislated or otherwise broadly accepted norms and policies.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/confidentiality/

knowledge of data management costs management
type: Class
subclass of: data management costs management
definition: Bin for types of Knowledge needed for Data management costs management.
term editor: leightonlc

logistical support
type: Class
subclass of: project management activities
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: Philippe Rocca-Serra
term editor: Susanna Sansone
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

aptitudes for data management costs management
type: Class
subclass of: data management costs management
definition: Bin for Aptitudes related to Data management costs management.
term editor: leightonlc

data acquisition
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship activity
definition: The process of acquiring data from some source. For example, data may be acquired by download from a repository, transfer from a data logger, data capture, etc.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
alternative label: Data capture
comment: AL 15.3.22: Removed "data and metadata capture" as was too similar to this term. Added alternative term "data capture".

Axiom
annotated source: data acquisition
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The process of acquiring data from some source. For example, data may be acquired by download from a repository, transfer from a data logger, data capture, etc.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-acquisition/

data management costs management
type: Class
subclass of: resource management
definition: Planning for and controlling expenditures related to the data management lifecycle, including, but not limited to, labor and infrastructure expenses for data collection; data documentation; data storage; data access and security; data preservation; data sharing; and data disposition.
term editor: Kristina Hettne
term editor: Simon Hodson
term editor: Victoria Dominguez Del Angel

Axiom
annotated source: data management costs management
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Planning for and controlling expenditures related to the data management lifecycle, including, but not limited to, labor and infrastructure expenses for data collection; data documentation; data storage; data access and security; data preservation; data sharing; and data disposition.
definition source: Written by LLC, based on list at https://www.uu.nl/en/research/research-data-management/guides/costs-of-data-management

text file
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to the implementation of
  some values from: I1. (meta)data use a formal, accessible, shared, and broadly applicable language for knowledge representation
definition: A Text file is a kind of computer file that is structured as a sequence of lines of electronic text. A text file exists stored as data within a computer file system.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
comment: AL 9.3.22: The CASRAI term (https://casrai.org/term/text-file) had an unsuitable definition, and therefore was removed.

Axiom
annotated source: text file
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A Text file is a kind of computer file that is structured as a sequence of lines of electronic text. A text file exists stored as data within a computer file system.
definition source: AL, Adapted from Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_file

human-readable format
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to the implementation of
  some values from: I1. (meta)data use a formal, accessible, shared, and broadly applicable language for knowledge representation
definition: Data and code that are commented so that humans can understand what it represents, it's design, and purpose.REFERENCE. Wilson G, Aruliah DA, Brown CT, Hong NPC, Davis M, Guy RT, Haddock SHD, Huff K, Mitchell IM, Plumbley MD, Waugh B, White EP, Wilson P (2012). Best practices for scientific computing , arXiv, 29 November, 1-6.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: human-readable format
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Data and code that are commented so that humans can understand what it represents, it's design, and purpose.REFERENCE. Wilson G, Aruliah DA, Brown CT, Hong NPC, Davis M, Guy RT, Haddock SHD, Huff K, Mitchell IM, Plumbley MD, Waugh B, White EP, Wilson P (2012). Best practices for scientific computing , arXiv, 29 November, 1-6.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/human-readable-format/

data validation
type: Class
subclass of: curation
definition: Provides well-defined guarantees for fitness, accuracy, and consistency for any of various kinds of user input into an application or automated system. Data validation checks that data are valid, sensible, reasonable, clean, usable, and secure before they are processed. Failures or omissions in data validation can lead to data corruption, security vulnerability. Improperly validated data … <a href=CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-validation/ class=more-link
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data validation
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Provides well-defined guarantees for fitness, accuracy, and consistency for any of various kinds of user input into an application or automated system. Data validation checks that data are valid, sensible, reasonable, clean, usable, and secure before they are processed. Failures or omissions in data validation can lead to data corruption, security vulnerability. Improperly validated data … <a href=CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-validation/ class=more-link
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-validation/

pid record
type: Class
subclass of: persistent identifier
definition: A type of record (and organization) that stores an instance of an executable/understandable PID. The content of a PID record distinguishes a registered digital or data object from other DOs. A PID record is a type of record that includes property information that characterizes the digital object it is identifying. Important parts of a PID record are location and checksum. However there is a large variation in usage. In some data models the PID is simply used as a unique label with an empty record. A PID record has a lifecycle including creation, publication, Curation and the destruction.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: pid record
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A type of record (and organization) that stores an instance of an executable/understandable PID. The content of a PID record distinguishes a registered digital or data object from other DOs. A PID record is a type of record that includes property information that characterizes the digital object it is identifying. Important parts of a PID record are location and checksum. However there is a large variation in usage. In some data models the PID is simply used as a unique label with an empty record. A PID record has a lifecycle including creation, publication, Curation and the destruction.
definition source: CASRAI, https://casrai.org/term/pid-record/

appreciate importance of research integrity
type: Class
subclass of: research integrity, attribution, impact awareness
definition: Take proactive approach to ensure outputs are made FAIR consistently with research integrity principles.
term editor: Angus Whyte
term editor: Celia van Gelder
term editor: Mateusz Kuzak
term editor: Yan Wang

structural metadata
type: Class
subclass of: metadata
definition: A type of metadata that indicates how compound objects are put together (e.g., how pages are ordered to form chapters; how data are organized in a table; how datasets are organized in a collection) 2. The underlying structural metadata of digital objects that tells computers how to assemble them.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: structural metadata
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A type of metadata that indicates how compound objects are put together (e.g., how pages are ordered to form chapters; how data are organized in a table; how datasets are organized in a collection) 2. The underlying structural metadata of digital objects that tells computers how to assemble them.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/structural-metadata/

non personally identifiable information
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: Data that could not lead to the identification of a specific individual, to distinguishing one person from another, or to personally identifiable information. These may be data that have been de-identified, or that could not lead to personally identifiable information in the first place.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: non personally identifiable information
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Data that could not lead to the identification of a specific individual, to distinguishing one person from another, or to personally identifiable information. These may be data that have been de-identified, or that could not lead to personally identifiable information in the first place.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/non-personally-identifiable-information/

digitisation
type: Class
subclass of: curation
definition: The process of creating digital files by scanning or otherwise converting analogue materials. The resulting digital copy, or digital surrogate, would then be classed as digital material and then subject to the same broad challenges involved in preserving access to it, as born digital materials.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: digitisation
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The process of creating digital files by scanning or otherwise converting analogue materials. The resulting digital copy, or digital surrogate, would then be classed as digital material and then subject to the same broad challenges involved in preserving access to it, as born digital materials.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/digitisation/ REFERENCE. Digital preservation coalitionhttp://www.dpconline.org/advice/preservationhandbook/introduction/definitions-and-concepts

data publication
type: Class
subclass of: exposing data
definition: The release of research data, associated metadata, accompanying documentation, and software code (in cases where the raw data have been processed or manipulated) for re-use and analysis in such a manner that they can be discovered on the Web and referred to in a unique and persistent way. Data publishing occurs via dedicated data repositories...
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data publication
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The release of research data, associated metadata, accompanying documentation, and software code (in cases where the raw data have been processed or manipulated) for re-use and analysis in such a manner that they can be discovered on the Web and referred to in a unique and persistent way. Data publishing occurs via dedicated data repositories...
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-publication/

findability of digital assets
type: Class
subclass of: fair principle
term editor: Peter McQuilton

community building
type: Class
subclass of: project management activities
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: Philippe Rocca-Serra
term editor: Susanna Sansone
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
comment: AL 9.3.22: renamed to prevent compound term. Was 'Influencing/community building'

citable data
type: Class
subclass of: data
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to the implementation of
  some values from: F1. (meta)data are assigned a globally unique and persistent identifier
definition: A type of referable data that has undergone quality assessment and can be referred to as citations in publications and as part of research objects.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: citable data
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A type of referable data that has undergone quality assessment and can be referred to as citations in publications and as part of research objects.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/citable-data/

big data
type: Class
subclass of: data
definition: An evolving term that describes any voluminous amount of structured, semi-structured and unstructured data that have the potential to be mined for information.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: big data
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An evolving term that describes any voluminous amount of structured, semi-structured and unstructured data that have the potential to be mined for information.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/big-data/

fairness assessment
type: Class
subclass of: assessment
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: competency gained through
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: learning medium
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: supports implementation of
      some values from: fair principle
definition: Ability to apply knowledge about FAIR metrics and assessing FAIRness using FAIR assessment tools.
term editor: Kristina Hettne
term editor: Victoria Dominguez Del Angel
term editor: Yann Le Franc

data archive
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: An archival service providing the long-term permanent care and accessibility for digital objects with research value.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data archive
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An archival service providing the long-term permanent care and accessibility for digital objects with research value.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-archive/

technical metadata
type: Class
subclass of: metadata
definition: Describes the technical processes used to produce, or required to use a digital object.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: technical metadata
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Describes the technical processes used to produce, or required to use a digital object.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/technical-metadata/

machine readable
type: Class
subclass of: Obsolete Class
definition: OBSOLETE. In a form that can be used and understood by a computer.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
comment: AL 5.12.22: Deprecated because of its similarity with http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/T4FS_0000551. We don't need to be going to the level of granularity that the concept of machine readability needs to be modelled as well as machine readable format.
deprecated: true

Axiom
annotated source: machine readable
annotated property: definition
annotated target: OBSOLETE. In a form that can be used and understood by a computer.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/machine-readable/

integrated access management
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship activity
definition: A combination of business processes, policies and technologies that allows organizations to provide secure access to confidential data. Integrated access management software is used by enterprises to control the flow of sensitive data in and out of the network.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: integrated access management
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A combination of business processes, policies and technologies that allows organizations to provide secure access to confidential data. Integrated access management software is used by enterprises to control the flow of sensitive data in and out of the network.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/integrated-access-management/

noisy data
type: Class
subclass of: data
definition: Meaningless data, including: Any data that cannot be understood and interpreted correctly by machines, such as unstructured text; any data that has been received, stored, or changed in such a manner that it cannot be read or used by the program that originally created it.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: noisy data
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Meaningless data, including: Any data that cannot be understood and interpreted correctly by machines, such as unstructured text; any data that has been received, stored, or changed in such a manner that it cannot be read or used by the program that originally created it.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/noisy-data/

fair training
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: competency gained through
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: learning medium
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: supports implementation of
      some values from: fair principle
definition: Activities in and around the provision of training, mentorship and teaching opportunities for good data management and the implementation of FAIR practices.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: Philippe Rocca-Serra
term editor: Susanna Sansone
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: fair training
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Activities in and around the provision of training, mentorship and teaching opportunities for good data management and the implementation of FAIR practices.
definition source: PMQ

software
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: A set of instructions that direct a computer to do a specific task.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: software
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A set of instructions that direct a computer to do a specific task.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/software

data standardization
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: In the context of data analysis and data mining: Where V represents the value of the variable in the original datasets: Transformation of data to have zero mean and unit variance. Techniques used include: (a) Data normalization; (b) z-score scaling; (c) Dividing each value by the range: recalculates each variable as V /(max V - ...
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data standardization
annotated property: definition
annotated target: In the context of data analysis and data mining: Where V represents the value of the variable in the original datasets: Transformation of data to have zero mean and unit variance. Techniques used include: (a) Data normalization; (b) z-score scaling; (c) Dividing each value by the range: recalculates each variable as V /(max V - ...
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-standardization/

open data
type: Class
subclass of: data
definition: Strutured data that are accessible, machine-readable, usable, intelligible, and freely shared. Open data can be freely used, re-used, built on, and redistributed by anyone - subject only, at most, to the requirement to attribute and sharealike.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: open data
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Strutured data that are accessible, machine-readable, usable, intelligible, and freely shared. Open data can be freely used, re-used, built on, and redistributed by anyone - subject only, at most, to the requirement to attribute and sharealike.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/open-data/

curated data
type: Class
subclass of: data
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to the implementation of
  some values from: R1. (meta)data are richly described with a plurality of accurate and relevant attributes
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to the implementation of
  some values from: I2. (meta)data use vocabularies that follow fair principles
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to the implementation of
  some values from: F3. metadata clearly and explicitly include the identifier of the data they describe
definition: The output of a data curation activity. Such data has generally already been cleaned, standardised, documented. Additional metadata relevant to the data object has also been added, via either manual or automatic methods.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
created by: Peter McQuilton
comment: AL 9.5.22: The orginal label ("data curation") matched a term within the Data stewardship activity hierarchy. Changing the class label to "Curated data" better fit the model.

Axiom
annotated source: curated data
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The output of a data curation activity. Such data has generally already been cleaned, standardised, documented. Additional metadata relevant to the data object has also been added, via either manual or automatic methods.
definition source: AL 9.5.22

skills related to funding acquisition management
type: Class
subclass of: funding acquisition management
definition: Bin for Skills needed for Funding acquisition management.
term editor: leightonlc

universally unique identifier
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
definition: A 128-bit number used to guarantee unique identity for different objects on the internet over time. File system partitions.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
alternative label: UUID

Axiom
annotated source: universally unique identifier
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A 128-bit number used to guarantee unique identity for different objects on the internet over time. File system partitions.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/universally-unique-identifier/

authentication
type: Class
subclass of: information security
definition: The process of confirming the identity of a principal entity.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: authentication
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The process of confirming the identity of a principal entity.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/authentication/

cloud computing
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: A large-scale distributed computing paradigm that is driven by economies of scale, in which a pool of abstracted, virtualized, dynamically- scalable, managed computing power, storage, platforms and services are delivered on demand to external customers over the Internet.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: cloud computing
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A large-scale distributed computing paradigm that is driven by economies of scale, in which a pool of abstracted, virtualized, dynamically- scalable, managed computing power, storage, platforms and services are delivered on demand to external customers over the Internet.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/cloud-computing/

short-term preservation
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: Short-term preservation. Access to digital materials either for a defined period of time while use is predicted but which does not extend beyond the foreseeable future and/or until it becomes inaccessible because of changes in technology.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: short-term preservation
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Short-term preservation. Access to digital materials either for a defined period of time while use is predicted but which does not extend beyond the foreseeable future and/or until it becomes inaccessible because of changes in technology.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/short-term-preservation

international standard
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to the implementation of
  some values from: I1. (meta)data use a formal, accessible, shared, and broadly applicable language for knowledge representation
definition: A standard that is used in multiple nations and whose development process is open to representatives from all countries.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: international standard
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A standard that is used in multiple nations and whose development process is open to representatives from all countries.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/international-standard/

conformance
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: The state of having satisfied the requirements of some specific standard(s) and/or specification(s).
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: conformance
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The state of having satisfied the requirements of some specific standard(s) and/or specification(s).
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/conformance/

data custodian
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: A data custodian is an IT individual or organization responsible for the IT infrastructure providing and protecting data in conformance with the policies and practices prescribed by data governance.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data custodian
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A data custodian is an IT individual or organization responsible for the IT infrastructure providing and protecting data in conformance with the policies and practices prescribed by data governance.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-custodian/

aptitudes for high performance computing management
type: Class
subclass of: high performance computing management
definition: Bin for Aptitudes related to High performance computing management.
term editor: leightonlc

manage datasets in a repository
type: Class
subclass of: data management
definition: Implement the policies that govern the arrangement, naming, descriptive metadata, provenance metadata, representation metadata, administrative metadata, access controls, retention, disposition, integrity, and replication of digital objects.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: manage datasets in a repository
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Implement the policies that govern the arrangement, naming, descriptive metadata, provenance metadata, representation metadata, administrative metadata, access controls, retention, disposition, integrity, and replication of digital objects.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/manage-datasets-in-a-repository

data de-noising
type: Class
subclass of: curation
definition: Removing noise from data.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data de-noising
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Removing noise from data.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-de-noising/

governance and accountability model
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: Provides the relationship and process context for working together to ensure outcomes are achieved.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: governance and accountability model
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Provides the relationship and process context for working together to ensure outcomes are achieved.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/governance-and-accountability-model

access
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: The continued, available for use, ongoing usability of a digital resource, retaining all qualities of authenticity, accuracy and functionality deemed to be essential for the purposes the digital material was created and/or acquired for. Users who have access can retrieve, manipulate, copy, and store copies on a wide range of hard drives and external devices.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: access
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The continued, available for use, ongoing usability of a digital resource, retaining all qualities of authenticity, accuracy and functionality deemed to be essential for the purposes the digital material was created and/or acquired for. Users who have access can retrieve, manipulate, copy, and store copies on a wide range of hard drives and external devices.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/access

develop fair and open research strategy
type: Class
subclass of: develop open research strategy and vision
definition: Find the people with a good understand of FAIR and open research challenges in your organiation, and create a work agenda.
term editor: Angus Whyte
term editor: Celia van Gelder
term editor: Mateusz Kuzak
term editor: Yan Wang

patent application
type: Class
subclass of: ethical application of patents, licenses
definition: Choose the proper type of patent for the project data and apply for the patent chosen.
term editor: Celia van Gelder
term editor: Mateusz Kuzak
term editor: Yan Wang

collection management identification
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: A type of data provenance that adds metadata to identify data collections.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: collection management identification
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A type of data provenance that adds metadata to identify data collections.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/collection-management-identification/

assess fairness
type: Class
subclass of: assessment
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: competency gained through
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: learning medium
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: supports implementation of
      some values from: fair principle
definition: Activity/Process whereby digital objects are evaluated with the relevant FAIR metrics and assessment tools.
term editor: Kristina Hettne
term editor: Victoria Dominguez Del Angel
term editor: Yann Le Franc

Axiom
annotated source: assess fairness
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Activity/Process whereby digital objects are evaluated with the relevant FAIR metrics and assessment tools.
definition source: [YLF, VDA, KH]

knowledge of change management
type: Class
subclass of: change management
definition: Bin for types of Knowledge related to Change management.
term editor: leightonlc

data ingestion
type: Class
subclass of: data acquisition
definition: The process of obtaining, importing, and processing data for later use or storage in a database. This process often involves altering individual files by editing their content and/or formatting them to fit into a larger document.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data ingestion
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The process of obtaining, importing, and processing data for later use or storage in a database. This process often involves altering individual files by editing their content and/or formatting them to fit into a larger document.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-ingestion/

data wrangling
type: Class
subclass of: curation
definition: The process of manually or semi-automatically converting or mapping data from one form into another format that allows for more convenient consumption of the data with the help of semi-automated tools. Gathering and organizing disparate data from different sources, often collected by many different investigators. Activities include developing and supporting search tools that utilize standardized … <a href=CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-wrangling/ class=more-link
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data wrangling
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The process of manually or semi-automatically converting or mapping data from one form into another format that allows for more convenient consumption of the data with the help of semi-automated tools. Gathering and organizing disparate data from different sources, often collected by many different investigators. Activities include developing and supporting search tools that utilize standardized … <a href=CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-wrangling/ class=more-link
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-wrangling/

research data management infrastructure
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: The configuration of staff, services and tools assembled to support data management across the research lifecycle and more specifically to provide comprehensive coverage of the stages making up the data lifecycle. It can be organized locally and/or globally to support research data activities across the research lifecycle.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: research data management infrastructure
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The configuration of staff, services and tools assembled to support data management across the research lifecycle and more specifically to provide comprehensive coverage of the stages making up the data lifecycle. It can be organized locally and/or globally to support research data activities across the research lifecycle.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/research-data-management-infrastructure

flexibility in relating fair criteria to openness
type: Class
subclass of: fair training
definition: Appreciate the need for flexibility in applying FAIR criteria to make data as open as possible, as closed as necessary.
term editor: Angus Whyte

choosing the appropriate terminology for your data
type: Class
subclass of: fair evaluation of repositories for data deposition
definition: To be able to research and identify the appropriate taxonomy for your project. This may involve using resources such as FAIRsharing, which captures metadata on taxonomies and provides an assessment of their FAIRness.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
alternative label: Controlled Vocabulary identification
alternative label: Ontology identification
alternative label: Taxonomy identification
alternative label: Thesaurus identification

Axiom
annotated source: choosing the appropriate terminology for your data
annotated property: definition
annotated target: To be able to research and identify the appropriate taxonomy for your project. This may involve using resources such as FAIRsharing, which captures metadata on taxonomies and provides an assessment of their FAIRness.
definition source: [PMQ]

structured data
type: Class
subclass of: data
definition: Data whose elements have been organized into a consistent format and data structure within a defined data model such that the elements can be easily addressed, organized and accessed in various combinations to make better use of the information, such as in a relational database.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: structured data
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Data whose elements have been organized into a consistent format and data structure within a defined data model such that the elements can be easily addressed, organized and accessed in various combinations to make better use of the information, such as in a relational database.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/structured-data/

knowledge to contextualise fair principles to domain
type: Class
subclass of: fair training
definition: Know how data handling practices in the domain make FAIR criteria more or less easy to implement.
term editor: Angus Whyte

research data management
type: Class
subclass of: data management
definition: Data Management refers to the storage, access and preservation of data produced from a given investigation. Data management practices cover the entire lifecycle of the data, from planning the investigation to conducting it, and from backing up data as it is created and used to long term preservation of data deliverables after the research investigation has concluded. Specific activities and issues that fall within the category of data management include: File naming (the proper way to name computer files); data quality control and quality assurance; data access; data documentation (including levels of uncertainty); metadata creation and controlled vocabularies; data storage; data archiving and preservation; data sharing and reuse; data integrity; data security; data privacy; data rights; notebook protocols (lab or field).
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: research data management
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Data Management refers to the storage, access and preservation of data produced from a given investigation. Data management practices cover the entire lifecycle of the data, from planning the investigation to conducting it, and from backing up data as it is created and used to long term preservation of data deliverables after the research investigation has concluded. Specific activities and issues that fall within the category of data management include: File naming (the proper way to name computer files); data quality control and quality assurance; data access; data documentation (including levels of uncertainty); metadata creation and controlled vocabularies; data storage; data archiving and preservation; data sharing and reuse; data integrity; data security; data privacy; data rights; notebook protocols (lab or field).
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/research-data-management/

publish output in a repository
type: Class
subclass of: publish data
definition: Deposit research output (software, data and publication together with documentation) in previousy selected repositories.
term editor: Celia van Gelder
term editor: Mateusz Kuzak
term editor: Yan Wang

metadata search via metadata providers
type: Class
subclass of: data discovery
definition: To be able to identify and process metadata over the internet, sourced from a variety of metadata providers and schemata.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
alternative label: Metadata processing
alternative label: Metadata search

Axiom
annotated source: metadata search via metadata providers
annotated property: definition
annotated target: To be able to identify and process metadata over the internet, sourced from a variety of metadata providers and schemata.
definition source: [PMQ]

record provenance information
type: Class
subclass of: metadata
definition: Information for a data object that includes: * the person who deposited the data object in the repository, * the source of the data object, * the date when the object was deposited, and * authenticity information needed to link the data object to its original source.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: record provenance information
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Information for a data object that includes: * the person who deposited the data object in the repository, * the source of the data object, * the date when the object was deposited, and * authenticity information needed to link the data object to its original source.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/record-provenance-information/

data citation
type: Class
subclass of: exposing data
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: competency gained through
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: learning medium
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: supports implementation of
      some values from: F1. (meta)data are assigned a globally unique and persistent identifier
definition: Offers proper recognition to authors as well as permanent identification through the use of global persistent identifiers in place of URLs which can change frequently.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data citation
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Offers proper recognition to authors as well as permanent identification through the use of global persistent identifiers in place of URLs which can change frequently.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-citation/

book
type: Class
subclass of: learning medium
term editor: Peter McQuilton
created by: Peter McQuilton
creation date: 2020-10-01T20:54:08.535183Z

intellectual leadership
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship soft skill
definition: The capacity to influence stakeholders and the direction of research activities; the ability to shape others' understanding in ways that capture interest, inform and gain support; and, the capacity to influence the actions and opinions of others.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: intellectual leadership
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The capacity to influence stakeholders and the direction of research activities; the ability to shape others' understanding in ways that capture interest, inform and gain support; and, the capacity to influence the actions and opinions of others.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/intellectual-leadership/

innovation
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship activity
definition: In the context of a researcher's activities, innovation is the development of modified or novel approaches, theories, concepts, ideas or solutions. Innovation is one of four valued outcomes.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: innovation
annotated property: definition
annotated target: In the context of a researcher's activities, innovation is the development of modified or novel approaches, theories, concepts, ideas or solutions. Innovation is one of four valued outcomes.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/innovation/

high performance computing management
type: Class
subclass of: resource management
definition: High-performance computing (HPC) is a process for using of super computers and parallel processing techniques for solving complex computational problems. HPC technology focuses on developing parallel processing algorithms and systems by incorporating both administration and parallel computational techniques.
term editor: Kristina Hettne
term editor: Simon Hodson
term editor: Victoria Dominguez Del Angel
alternative label: HPC management

Axiom
annotated source: high performance computing management
annotated property: definition
annotated target: High-performance computing (HPC) is a process for using of super computers and parallel processing techniques for solving complex computational problems. HPC technology focuses on developing parallel processing algorithms and systems by incorporating both administration and parallel computational techniques.
definition source: (modified from wikipedia)[VDA]

provenance
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to the implementation of
  some values from: interoperability of digital assets
definition: A type of historical information or metadata about the origin, location or the source of something, or the history of the ownership or location of an object or resource including digital objects. For example, information about the Principal Investigator who recorded the data, and the information concerning its storage, handling, and migration.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: provenance
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A type of historical information or metadata about the origin, location or the source of something, or the history of the ownership or location of an object or resource including digital objects. For example, information about the Principal Investigator who recorded the data, and the information concerning its storage, handling, and migration.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/provenance

digital record
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: A record created digitally in the day-to-day business of the organisation and assigned formal status by the organisation. Examples include: word processing documents, emails, databases, or intranet web pages.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
alternative label: Electronic record
comment: AL 8.2.22: Updated label from the CASRAI "Digital" to "Digital record" to better match the definition and intent of the term, and to provide clarity.

Axiom
annotated source: digital record
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A record created digitally in the day-to-day business of the organisation and assigned formal status by the organisation. Examples include: word processing documents, emails, databases, or intranet web pages.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/digital/

analytical quality control
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: Processes and procedures designed to ensure that the results of laboratory analysis are consistent, comparable, accurate and within specified limits of precision.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: analytical quality control
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Processes and procedures designed to ensure that the results of laboratory analysis are consistent, comparable, accurate and within specified limits of precision.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/analytical-quality-control/

digital research data
type: Class
subclass of: data
definition: Research data which is in digital form. It may have been originally created in digital form, or it may have been converted from paper, or other form to a digital representation.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: digital research data
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Research data which is in digital form. It may have been originally created in digital form, or it may have been converted from paper, or other form to a digital representation.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/digital-research-data/

managing research
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship activity
definition: In the context of a researcher’s activities, Managing research is the processes related to the planning, organizing, setting objectives, controlling and evaluating of RDA activities and their associated human and financial resources. It includes the provision of leadership to, and assessment of, other scientists, engineers, technologists, and/or other staff. Managing research is one of the three research contexts in which a researcher is expected to conduct his/her activities. Managing research is distinct from the position-based role of a research manager.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: managing research
annotated property: definition
annotated target: In the context of a researcher’s activities, Managing research is the processes related to the planning, organizing, setting objectives, controlling and evaluating of RDA activities and their associated human and financial resources. It includes the provision of leadership to, and assessment of, other scientists, engineers, technologists, and/or other staff. Managing research is one of the three research contexts in which a researcher is expected to conduct his/her activities. Managing research is distinct from the position-based role of a research manager.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/managing-research/

evaluation of how to publish your data
type: Class
subclass of: exposing data
definition: To be able to define and deploy appropriate criteria, based on the FAIR principles, to identify the appropriate publishing platform for a dataset. This may, for example, involve discovering the mark-up of the platform, the exchange formats and data models used, and the licensing information for each repository. Tools such as the FAIR evaluator or FAIRshake may be used to assess the FAIRnessbased on human-entered questionnaires or FAIRsharing resource metadata.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: evaluation of how to publish your data
annotated property: definition
annotated target: To be able to define and deploy appropriate criteria, based on the FAIR principles, to identify the appropriate publishing platform for a dataset. This may, for example, involve discovering the mark-up of the platform, the exchange formats and data models used, and the licensing information for each repository. Tools such as the FAIR evaluator or FAIRshake may be used to assess the FAIRnessbased on human-entered questionnaires or FAIRsharing resource metadata.
definition source: [PMQ]

accession number
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
definition: Numbers used by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) that are unique and citable.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: accession number
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Numbers used by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) that are unique and citable.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/accession-number/

digital preservation
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: The series of managed activities necessary to ensure continued access to digital materials for as long as necessary. Digital preservation is defined very broadly and refers to all of the actions required to maintain access to digital materials beyond the limits of media failure or technological change. Those materials may be records created during the day-to-day business of an organisation; “”born-digital”” materials created for a specific purpose (e.g. teaching resources); or the products of digitisation projects. This definition specifically excludes the potential use of digital technology to preserve the original artefacts through digitisation.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: digital preservation
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The series of managed activities necessary to ensure continued access to digital materials for as long as necessary. Digital preservation is defined very broadly and refers to all of the actions required to maintain access to digital materials beyond the limits of media failure or technological change. Those materials may be records created during the day-to-day business of an organisation; “”born-digital”” materials created for a specific purpose (e.g. teaching resources); or the products of digitisation projects. This definition specifically excludes the potential use of digital technology to preserve the original artefacts through digitisation.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/digital-preservation/

project management activities
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship activity
definition: The practice of initiating, planning, executing, controlling, and closing the work of a team in relation to FAIR data stewardship.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: Philippe Rocca-Serra
term editor: Susanna Sansone
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: project management activities
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The practice of initiating, planning, executing, controlling, and closing the work of a team in relation to FAIR data stewardship.
definition source: PMQ

knowledge of funding acquisition management
type: Class
subclass of: funding acquisition management
definition: Bin for types of Knowledge related to Funding acquisition management.
term editor: leightonlc

manage access control
type: Class
subclass of: access control and management
definition: Monitor the authorised parties' access to data and keep it up to date.
term editor: Celia van Gelder
term editor: Mateusz Kuzak
term editor: Yan Wang

project management
type: Class
subclass of: resource management
definition: The practice of initiating, planning, executing, controlling, and closing the work of a team to achieve specific goals and meet specific success criteria at the specified time.
term editor: Kristina Hettne
term editor: Simon Hodson
term editor: Victoria Dominguez Del Angel
alternative label: PM

Axiom
annotated source: project management
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The practice of initiating, planning, executing, controlling, and closing the work of a team to achieve specific goals and meet specific success criteria at the specified time.
definition source: KH

data retention policy
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: An organization's established protocol for retaining information for operational or regulatory compliance needs. The objectives of a data retention policy are to keep important information for future use or reference, to organize information so it can be searched and accessed at a later date, and to dispose of information that is no longer needed.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data retention policy
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An organization's established protocol for retaining information for operational or regulatory compliance needs. The objectives of a data retention policy are to keep important information for future use or reference, to organize information so it can be searched and accessed at a later date, and to dispose of information that is no longer needed.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-retention-policy/

data representation
type: Class
subclass of: curation
definition: An object describing the context of the data, including provenance, description, structural, and administrative information.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: data representation
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An object describing the context of the data, including provenance, description, structural, and administrative information.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-representation/

metadata dataset
type: Class
subclass of: metadata record
definition: The set of metadata describing a specific dataset.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: metadata dataset
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The set of metadata describing a specific dataset.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/metadata-dataset/

long-term preservation
type: Class
subclass of: preservation
definition: Long-term preservation - Continued access to digital materials, or at least to the information contained in them, indefinitely.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: long-term preservation
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Long-term preservation - Continued access to digital materials, or at least to the information contained in them, indefinitely.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/long-term-preservation

research metadata format
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to the implementation of
  some values from: I1. (meta)data use a formal, accessible, shared, and broadly applicable language for knowledge representation
definition: Research metadata format is a generic term encompassing the concept of a standardised format for research metadata.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
comment: AL 9.3.2022: The original CASRAI definition is unsuitable (https://casrai.org/term/research-metadata-format), therefore I have changed the definition to something more generic

Axiom
annotated source: research metadata format
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Research metadata format is a generic term encompassing the concept of a standardised format for research metadata.
definition source: AL, 9.3.2022

data residency
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship activity
definition: The physical or geographic location of an organization's data or information. Data residency also refers to the legal or regulatory requirements imposed on data based on the country or region in which it resides. Cloud computing, which allows organizations to deliver hosted services over the Internet, can create data residency concerns.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data residency
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The physical or geographic location of an organization's data or information. Data residency also refers to the legal or regulatory requirements imposed on data based on the country or region in which it resides. Cloud computing, which allows organizations to deliver hosted services over the Internet, can create data residency concerns.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-residency/

information governance
type: Class
subclass of: information security
definition: Information governance, is the overall strategy for information at an organization. Information governance balances the risk that information presents with the value that information provides. Information governance helps with legal compliance, operational transparency, and reducing expenditures associated with legal discovery.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
comment: CASRAI is the source for the term, with the definition provided separately.

Axiom
annotated source: information governance
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Information governance, is the overall strategy for information at an organization. Information governance balances the risk that information presents with the value that information provides. Information governance helps with legal compliance, operational transparency, and reducing expenditures associated with legal discovery.
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_governance, accessed 8.2.22

data element
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: A unit of data for which the definition, identification, representation (term used to represent it), and permissible values are specified by means of a set of attributes.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data element
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A unit of data for which the definition, identification, representation (term used to represent it), and permissible values are specified by means of a set of attributes.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-element/

data policy
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to the implementation of
  some values from: fair principle
definition: An organization's stated data/information management processes designed to assist and protect the organization's data research assets. It is a set of high-level principles that establish a guiding framework for data management. A data policy can be used to address strategic aspects such as data access, relevant legal matters, data stewardship issues and custodial duties, data...
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data policy
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An organization's stated data/information management processes designed to assist and protect the organization's data research assets. It is a set of high-level principles that establish a guiding framework for data management. A data policy can be used to address strategic aspects such as data access, relevant legal matters, data stewardship issues and custodial duties, data...
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-policy/

legacy data
type: Class
subclass of: data
definition: Data that fall into the category of dark data or at-risk data.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: legacy data
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Data that fall into the category of dark data or at-risk data.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/legacy-data

controlled vocabulary
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to the implementation of
  some values from: I3. (meta)data include qualified references to other (meta)data
definition: A list of standardized terminology, words, or phrases, used for indexing or content analysis and information retrieval, usually in a defined information domain.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: controlled vocabulary
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A list of standardized terminology, words, or phrases, used for indexing or content analysis and information retrieval, usually in a defined information domain.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/controlled-vocabulary/

data integrity
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: The assurance that information can only be accessed or modified by those authorized to do so.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data integrity
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The assurance that information can only be accessed or modified by those authorized to do so.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-integrity/

pid attribute
type: Class
subclass of: persistent identifier
definition: A single data element related to a PID and part of its record content.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: pid attribute
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A single data element related to a PID and part of its record content.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/pid-attribute/

aptitudes for change management
type: Class
subclass of: change management
definition: Bin for Aptitudes related to Change management.
term editor: leightonlc

medium-term preservation
type: Class
subclass of: preservation
definition: Medium-term preservation - Continued access to digital materials beyond changes in technology for a defined period of time but not indefinitely.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: medium-term preservation
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Medium-term preservation - Continued access to digital materials beyond changes in technology for a defined period of time but not indefinitely.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/medium-term-preservation/

project lifecycle
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: Describes the processes and tasks that must be completed to produce a product or service. Different project lifecycles exist for specific products and services. (For example, the lifecycle followed to build a house is very different from the lifecycle followed to develop a software package.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: project lifecycle
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Describes the processes and tasks that must be completed to produce a product or service. Different project lifecycles exist for specific products and services. (For example, the lifecycle followed to build a house is very different from the lifecycle followed to develop a software package.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/project-lifecycle

knowledge to relate fair data assessment to research community norms
type: Class
subclass of: fair training
definition: Know how the acceptability of research data FAIRness depends on the research community norms e.g. concepts of data and methods for deriving valid knowledge.
term editor: Angus Whyte

data traceability
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: Data traceability follows the lifecycle of data to track all access and changes to the data. It helps demonstrate transparency, compliance and adherence to regulations. Data traceability, along with data compliance, can be considered part of a data audit process. Data traceability is fundamental to reproducible research.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data traceability
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Data traceability follows the lifecycle of data to track all access and changes to the data. It helps demonstrate transparency, compliance and adherence to regulations. Data traceability, along with data compliance, can be considered part of a data audit process. Data traceability is fundamental to reproducible research.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-traceability/

maintaining persistent identifiers
type: Class
subclass of: understanding persistent identifiers
created by: Peter McQuilton
creation date: 2020-10-02T14:23:22.115275Z

select and apply license
type: Class
subclass of: ethical application of patents, licenses
definition: Choose the proper license considering types of project data and clearly indicate (apply) the license chosen in the project work.
term editor: Celia van Gelder
term editor: Mateusz Kuzak
term editor: Yan Wang

relations
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: Indicates how the different components within a system are linked to fulfill the tasks. Relations are thus defined by the services they are making use of and by the interface specifications.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: relations
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Indicates how the different components within a system are linked to fulfill the tasks. Relations are thus defined by the services they are making use of and by the interface specifications.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/relations

dataset
type: Class
subclass of: dataset series
definition: Any organized collection of data in a computational format, defined by a theme or category that reflects what is being measured/observed/monitored. The presentation of the data in the application is enabled through metadata.REFERENCE. Research Data Alliance http://smw-rda.esc.rzg.mpg.de/index.php/Main_Page ; Mapping the Data Landscape 2011 Summit; TBS Standard on Geospatial Data (ISO 19115:2003); Environment Canada data stewardship … <a href=CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/dataset/ class=more-link
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: dataset
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Any organized collection of data in a computational format, defined by a theme or category that reflects what is being measured/observed/monitored. The presentation of the data in the application is enabled through metadata.REFERENCE. Research Data Alliance http://smw-rda.esc.rzg.mpg.de/index.php/Main_Page ; Mapping the Data Landscape 2011 Summit; TBS Standard on Geospatial Data (ISO 19115:2003); Environment Canada data stewardship … <a href=CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/dataset/ class=more-link
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/dataset/

aptitudes for service level management
type: Class
subclass of: service level management
definition: Bin for Aptitudes related to Service level management.
term editor: leightonlc

extensible markup language
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to the implementation of
  some values from: I1. (meta)data use a formal, accessible, shared, and broadly applicable language for knowledge representation
definition: Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a simple, very flexible text format derived from SGML (ISO 8879). Originally designed to meet the challenges of large-scale electronic publishing, XML is also playing an increasingly important role in the exchange of a wide variety of data on the Web and elsewhere.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
alternative label: XML

Axiom
annotated source: extensible markup language
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a simple, very flexible text format derived from SGML (ISO 8879). Originally designed to meet the challenges of large-scale electronic publishing, XML is also playing an increasingly important role in the exchange of a wide variety of data on the Web and elsewhere.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/extensible-markup-language/

skills related to change management
type: Class
subclass of: change management
definition: Bin for Skills needed for Change management.
term editor: leightonlc

data analysis
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship activity
definition: A data lifecycle stage that involves the techniques that produce synthesized knowledge from organized information.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data analysis
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A data lifecycle stage that involves the techniques that produce synthesized knowledge from organized information.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-analysis/

resource management
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship activity
definition: Resource management is the efficient and effective development of an organization's resources when they are needed. Such resources may include the financial resources, inventory, human skills, production resources, or information technology (IT) and natural resources.
term editor: Kristina Hettne
term editor: Leighton Christiansen
term editor: Simon Hodson
term editor: Victoria Dominguez Del Angel

Axiom
annotated source: resource management
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Resource management is the efficient and effective development of an organization's resources when they are needed. Such resources may include the financial resources, inventory, human skills, production resources, or information technology (IT) and natural resources.
definition source: [LLC, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource_management]

data exploration
type: Class
subclass of: data analysis
definition: Data exploration involves summarizing the main characteristics of a dataset using visualization and should be the first step in data analysis.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data exploration
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Data exploration involves summarizing the main characteristics of a dataset using visualization and should be the first step in data analysis.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-exploration/

aptitudes for storage management
type: Class
subclass of: storage management
definition: Bin for Aptitudes related to Storage management.
term editor: leightonlc

advise and mentor
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: competency gained through
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: learning medium
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: supports implementation of
      some values from: fair principle
definition: Management and provision of good data stewardship practice.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: Philippe Rocca-Serra
term editor: Susanna Sansone
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
alternative label: Advise and enable
alternative label: Data Stewardship and FAIR mentorship activity
alternative label: data management and open research
comment: AL 9.3.22. Removed from 'FAIR4S defined activity' class to better integrate with the T4FS hierarchy.

Axiom
annotated source: advise and mentor
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Management and provision of good data stewardship practice.
definition source: PMQ

skills related to workflow technologies management
type: Class
subclass of: workflow technologies management
definition: Bin for Skills needed for Workflow technologies management.
created by: leightonlc
creation date: 2019-10-17T15:15:55.86138Z

digital infrastructure
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: Those layers that sit between base technology (a computer science concern) and discipline-specific science. The focus is on value-added systems and services that can be widely shared across scientific domains, both supporting and enabling large increases in multi- and interdisciplinary science while reducing duplication of effort and resources (e.g., including hardware, software, personnel, services and organizations).
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
alternative label: Cyber infrastructure

Axiom
annotated source: digital infrastructure
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Those layers that sit between base technology (a computer science concern) and discipline-specific science. The focus is on value-added systems and services that can be widely shared across scientific domains, both supporting and enabling large increases in multi- and interdisciplinary science while reducing duplication of effort and resources (e.g., including hardware, software, personnel, services and organizations).
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/digital-infrastructure/

skills related to data management cost management
type: Class
subclass of: data management costs management
definition: Bin for Skills needed for Data management cost management.
term editor: leightonlc

pid system
type: Class
subclass of: persistent identifier
definition: Consists of at least one PID resolver, a name schema and a defined mechanism for issuing PIDs that conform to the name schema. Examples include: DOI, Handle System, URN, ARK, PURL, etc.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: pid system
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Consists of at least one PID resolver, a name schema and a defined mechanism for issuing PIDs that conform to the name schema. Examples include: DOI, Handle System, URN, ARK, PURL, etc.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/pid-system/

I2. (meta)data use vocabularies that follow fair principles
type: Class
subclass of: interoperability of digital assets
term editor: Peter McQuilton

cross-disciplinary
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: Explains aspects of one discipline in terms of another (e.g., the physics of music; the politics of literature).
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: cross-disciplinary
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Explains aspects of one discipline in terms of another (e.g., the physics of music; the politics of literature).
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/cross-disciplinary/

semantic data
type: Class
subclass of: data
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to the implementation of
  some values from: I2. (meta)data use vocabularies that follow fair principles
definition: Data that are tagged with particular metadata that can be used to derive relationships between data.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: semantic data
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Data that are tagged with particular metadata that can be used to derive relationships between data.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/semantic-data

pid domain
type: Class
subclass of: persistent identifier
definition: For a single identifier, the class of entity it refers to. For a PID system, the typical class of entities it is intended to be used for. Examples include: digital objects, physical objects, bodies, actors.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: pid domain
annotated property: definition
annotated target: For a single identifier, the class of entity it refers to. For a PID system, the typical class of entities it is intended to be used for. Examples include: digital objects, physical objects, bodies, actors.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/pid-domain/

knowledge to choose fair data handling approaches appropriate to the research phenomena
type: Class
subclass of: fair training
definition: Select data handling approaches likely to make data as FAIR as possible, considering what the data is about and its purpose in the research.
term editor: Angus Whyte

provenance information management
type: Class
subclass of: resource management
definition: The activity of recording provenance for data and software. Knowledge about provenance vocabularies, for example PROV-O and models provenance such as nanopublications.
term editor: Kristina Hettne
term editor: Simon Hodson
term editor: Victoria Dominguez Del Angel

Axiom
annotated source: provenance information management
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The activity of recording provenance for data and software. Knowledge about provenance vocabularies, for example PROV-O and models provenance such as nanopublications.
definition source: KH

reproducible research
type: Class
subclass of: reuse of digital assets
definition: Published results can be replicated using the documented data, code, and methods employed by the author or provider without the need for any additional information or needing to communicate with the author or provider.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: reproducible research
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Published results can be replicated using the documented data, code, and methods employed by the author or provider without the need for any additional information or needing to communicate with the author or provider.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/reproducible-research

A1.2 the protocol allows for an authentication and authorisation procedure, where necessary
type: Class
subclass of: A1. (meta)data are retrievable by their identifier using a standardised communications protocol
term editor: Peter McQuilton

data stewardship technical concept
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to the implementation of
  some values from: data stewardship guideline
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

canonical data collection
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: A data collection that has been normalized by some established criteria to allow for effective data management. Examples include: data files that belong to a certain experiment, all files that are created by one specific simulation, all files that belong to a specific observation (same day, same place, etc.).
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: canonical data collection
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A data collection that has been normalized by some established criteria to allow for effective data management. Examples include: data files that belong to a certain experiment, all files that are created by one specific simulation, all files that belong to a specific observation (same day, same place, etc.).
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/canonical-data-collection/

archival documentation of software
type: Class
subclass of: archiving
definition: Ability to clean up existing source code and version control systems, get Unique ID for the code, choose the appropriate code repository/registry [YLF, VDA, KH]
term editor: Kristina Hettne
term editor: Victoria Dominguez Del Angel
term editor: Yann Le Franc
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

data harmonization
type: Class
subclass of: curation
definition: Data harmonization is the process of making data from different sources comparable.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
term tracker item: https://github.com/terms4fairskills/FAIRterminology/issues/17

Axiom
annotated source: data harmonization
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Data harmonization is the process of making data from different sources comparable.
definition source: Modified from CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-harmonization/

data mart
type: Class
subclass of: data store
definition: A repository of data designed to serve a particular community of knowledge workers. The goal of a data mart is to meet the particular demands of a specific group of users.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data mart
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A repository of data designed to serve a particular community of knowledge workers. The goal of a data mart is to meet the particular demands of a specific group of users.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-mart/

access workflow
type: Class
subclass of: access
definition: A type of access entity that contains the services and functions which make the data object holdings and their information content and related services visible to data consumers.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: access workflow
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A type of access entity that contains the services and functions which make the data object holdings and their information content and related services visible to data consumers.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/access-workflow/

knowledge of service level management
type: Class
subclass of: service level management
definition: Bin for types of Knowledge related to Service level management.
created by: leightonlc
creation date: 2019-10-17T15:18:53.73274Z

data model
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: A model that specifies the structure or schema of a dataset. The model provides a documented description of the data and thus is an instance of metadata. It is a logical, relational data model showing an organized dataset as a collection of tables with entity, attributes and relations.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data model
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A model that specifies the structure or schema of a dataset. The model provides a documented description of the data and thus is an instance of metadata. It is a logical, relational data model showing an organized dataset as a collection of tables with entity, attributes and relations.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-model/

appreciate security and usability trade-offs
type: Class
subclass of: information security
definition: Be aware of the potential conflicts between security and usability. Understand the importance of having information security policy and keeping a balance between the information security and usability. Willing to establish both organization and technical information security measurements.
term editor: Angus Whyte
term editor: Celia van Gelder
term editor: Mateusz Kuzak
term editor: Yan Wang

standard
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: A document that applies collectively to codes, specifications, recommended practices, classifications, test methods, and guides, which have been prepared by a standards developing organization or group, and published in accordance with established procedures.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: standard
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A document that applies collectively to codes, specifications, recommended practices, classifications, test methods, and guides, which have been prepared by a standards developing organization or group, and published in accordance with established procedures.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/standard

university teaching
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship activity
definition: The application of a comprehensive knowledge of a discipline or disciplines to the development of expertise and the generation of new knowledge through research, and the planning and presentation of courses of study for undergraduates and graduates in universities.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: university teaching
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The application of a comprehensive knowledge of a discipline or disciplines to the development of expertise and the generation of new knowledge through research, and the planning and presentation of courses of study for undergraduates and graduates in universities.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/university-teaching/

data migration
type: Class
subclass of: data management
definition: The process of transferring data between storage types, formats, information technologies, or computer systems. A data migration project is usually undertaken to replace or upgrade servers or storage equipment, for a website consolidation, to conduct server maintenance or to relocate a data center.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data migration
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The process of transferring data between storage types, formats, information technologies, or computer systems. A data migration project is usually undertaken to replace or upgrade servers or storage equipment, for a website consolidation, to conduct server maintenance or to relocate a data center.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-migration/

data cleaning
type: Class
subclass of: curation
definition: A continuous process that requires corrective actions throughout the data lifecycle.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data cleaning
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A continuous process that requires corrective actions throughout the data lifecycle.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-cleaning/

R1.2 (meta)data are associated with detailed provenance
type: Class
subclass of: R1. (meta)data are richly described with a plurality of accurate and relevant attributes
term editor: Peter McQuilton

skills related to identity management
type: Class
subclass of: identity management
definition: Bin for Skills needed for Identity management.
term editor: leightonlc

using persistent identifiers
type: Class
subclass of: understanding persistent identifiers
definition: The use of persistent identifiers or PIDs to uniquely and persistently identify an entity.
term editor: Nancy Hoebelheinrich
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
created by: Peter McQuilton
creation date: 2020-10-02T14:22:51.569762Z

Axiom
annotated source: using persistent identifiers
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The use of persistent identifiers or PIDs to uniquely and persistently identify an entity.
definition source: [PMQ 3.2022]

data curator
type: Class
subclass of: role
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
alternative label: database curator
comment: AL 15.3.22: Updated label to 'data curator' to encompass curation beyond just in databases.

engage innovation partners
type: Class
subclass of: engaging in open innovation beyond academia
definition: Learn about innovation partners' interests and concerns, analyze them and position the project work/outcome properly. Reach out to innovation partners with proactive and pragmatic innovation plan which is in compliance with FAIR principles.
term editor: Celia van Gelder
term editor: Mateusz Kuzak
term editor: Yan Wang

R1.3 (meta)data meet domain-relevant community standards
type: Class
subclass of: R1. (meta)data are richly described with a plurality of accurate and relevant attributes
term editor: Peter McQuilton

data reduction
type: Class
subclass of: data management
definition: The process of reducing the amount or size of stored data. This may be achieved by eliminating redundant copies of data files, deduplicating data files by removing redundant records, or by compressing the data files.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data reduction
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The process of reducing the amount or size of stored data. This may be achieved by eliminating redundant copies of data files, deduplicating data files by removing redundant records, or by compressing the data files.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-reduction/

F4. (meta)data are registered or indexed in a searchable resource
type: Class
subclass of: findability of digital assets
term editor: Peter McQuilton

data type registry
type: Class
subclass of: data store
definition: 1. A registry that links data types of all sorts with the executable data processing functions that can be useful for working with a specific data type. Examples include: complex file types in biology (diagnosis), registering categories that appear in PID records to describe data properties. Data types range from complex digital objects to simple...
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data type registry
annotated property: definition
annotated target: 1. A registry that links data types of all sorts with the executable data processing functions that can be useful for working with a specific data type. Examples include: complex file types in biology (diagnosis), registering categories that appear in PID records to describe data properties. Data types range from complex digital objects to simple...
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-type-registry/

database
type: Class
subclass of: data store
definition: A collection of data that is organised in a according to a conceptual structure/model describing the characteristics of these data and the relationships among their corresponding entities, supporting one or more application areas. A database allows its contents to be easily accessed, managed and updated. The type of database used depends on the requirements of … <a href=CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/database/ class=more-link
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: database
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A collection of data that is organised in a according to a conceptual structure/model describing the characteristics of these data and the relationships among their corresponding entities, supporting one or more application areas. A database allows its contents to be easily accessed, managed and updated. The type of database used depends on the requirements of … <a href=CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/database/ class=more-link
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/database/

appreciation of fair and open research
type: Class
subclass of: develop open research strategy and vision
definition: Recognize the added value of FAIR and open research, encourage researchers to practise FAIR and open research.
term editor: Angus Whyte
term editor: Celia van Gelder
term editor: Mateusz Kuzak
term editor: Yan Wang

ability to learn new techniques for fair implementation
type: Class
subclass of: aptitudes associated with using fair tools and services
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: requires/improves personal attribute
  all values from: data stewardship soft skill
definition: Demonstrate willingness to engage with new ways of applying FAIR principles.
term editor: Angus Whyte

aptitudes for funding acquisition management
type: Class
subclass of: funding acquisition management
definition: Bin for Aptitudes related to Funding acquisition management.
term editor: leightonlc

choosing the appropriate model or format for your data
type: Class
subclass of: fair evaluation of repositories for data deposition
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: competency gained through
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: learning medium
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: supports implementation of
      some values from: I1. (meta)data use a formal, accessible, shared, and broadly applicable language for knowledge representation
definition: To be able to choose the correct data model and/or exchange format for your data, based on the repository where you plan to deposit your data.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
alternative label: Which data model to use
alternative label: Which format to use

Axiom
annotated source: choosing the appropriate model or format for your data
annotated property: definition
annotated target: To be able to choose the correct data model and/or exchange format for your data, based on the repository where you plan to deposit your data.
definition source: [PMQ]

provenance metadata
type: Class
subclass of: metadata
definition: Information concerning the creation, attribution, or version history of managed data. Provenance metadata that indicates the relationship between two versions of data objects and is generated whenever a new version of a dataset is created. Examples include: (i) the name of the program that generated the new version, (ii) the commit id of the program.
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: provenance metadata
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Information concerning the creation, attribution, or version history of managed data. Provenance metadata that indicates the relationship between two versions of data objects and is generated whenever a new version of a dataset is created. Examples include: (i) the name of the program that generated the new version, (ii) the commit id of the program.
definition source: CASRAI, https://casrai.org/term/provenance-metadata/

data availability
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: The state when data are in the place needed by the user, at the time the user needs them, and in the form needed by the user.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data availability
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The state when data are in the place needed by the user, at the time the user needs them, and in the form needed by the user.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-availability/

data review
type: Class
subclass of: data analysis
definition: An activity through which the correctness conditions of the data are verified. It also includes the specification of the type of the error or condition not met, and the qualification of the data and its division into the error-free and erroneous data. Data review consists of both error detection and data analysis, and can be carried out in manual or automated mode.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: data review
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An activity through which the correctness conditions of the data are verified. It also includes the specification of the type of the error or condition not met, and the qualification of the data and its division into the error-free and erroneous data. Data review consists of both error detection and data analysis, and can be carried out in manual or automated mode.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-review/

aptitudes associated with using fair tools and services
type: Class
subclass of: using fair and open research tools or services
created by: HughShanahan
creation date: 2019-10-18T08:56:32.673701Z

preservation metadata
type: Class
subclass of: metadata
definition: Documents actions that have been undertaken to preserve a digital resource such as migrations and checks sum calculations.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: preservation metadata
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Documents actions that have been undertaken to preserve a digital resource such as migrations and checks sum calculations.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/preservation-metadata/

change management
type: Class
subclass of: resource management
definition: Change management is a broad subject and can be applied to all different types of organizational change. The most common change drivers include: technological evolution, process reviews, crisis, and consumer habit changes; pressure from new business entrants, acquisitions, mergers, and organizational restructuring.
term editor: Kristina Hettne
term editor: Leighton Christiansen
term editor: Simon Hodson
term editor: Victoria Dominguez Del Angel
alternative label: CM

Axiom
annotated source: change management
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Change management is a broad subject and can be applied to all different types of organizational change. The most common change drivers include: technological evolution, process reviews, crisis, and consumer habit changes; pressure from new business entrants, acquisitions, mergers, and organizational restructuring.
definition source: https://www.hucmi.com/en/hcmbok/

original repository
type: Class
subclass of: data store
definition: A type of repository where the original copy of data was stored and probably a data identifier registered.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: original repository
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A type of repository where the original copy of data was stored and probably a data identifier registered.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/original repository

de-identification
type: Class
subclass of: information security
definition: 1. The act of minimally perturbing individual-level data to decrease the probability of discovering an individualís identity. It involves masking direct identifiers (e.g., name, phone number, address) as well as transforming indirect identifiers that could be used alone or in combination to-identify an individual (e.g., birth dates, geographic details, dates of key events). If done correctly, de-identification is a defensible, repeatable, and auditable process that consistently provides assurance, based on generally accepted and repeatable statistical methodologies, that there is a very small risk of re-identification of any data that are released. 2. The use of one or more techniques designed to make it impossible — or at least more difficult — to identify a particular individual from stored data related to them. The purpose of data anonymization is to protect the privacy of the individual and to make it legal for governments and businesses to share their data without obtaining permission. Such data have proven to be very valuable for researchers, particularly in health care. Data anonymization methods include removing personally identifiable information (e.g., names, addresses, social insurance numbers, Medicare numbers, etc.), or using obfuscation methods such as encryption, hashing, generalization, pseudonymization, and perturbation.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
alternative label: Anonymization

Axiom
annotated source: de-identification
annotated property: definition
annotated target: 1. The act of minimally perturbing individual-level data to decrease the probability of discovering an individualís identity. It involves masking direct identifiers (e.g., name, phone number, address) as well as transforming indirect identifiers that could be used alone or in combination to-identify an individual (e.g., birth dates, geographic details, dates of key events). If done correctly, de-identification is a defensible, repeatable, and auditable process that consistently provides assurance, based on generally accepted and repeatable statistical methodologies, that there is a very small risk of re-identification of any data that are released. 2. The use of one or more techniques designed to make it impossible — or at least more difficult — to identify a particular individual from stored data related to them. The purpose of data anonymization is to protect the privacy of the individual and to make it legal for governments and businesses to share their data without obtaining permission. Such data have proven to be very valuable for researchers, particularly in health care. Data anonymization methods include removing personally identifiable information (e.g., names, addresses, social insurance numbers, Medicare numbers, etc.), or using obfuscation methods such as encryption, hashing, generalization, pseudonymization, and perturbation.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/de-identification/

manager
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: Program delivery managers and support function managers, at all levels in an institution who are accountable for the direct delivery and support of programs and services within their domain of business responsibility.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: manager
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Program delivery managers and support function managers, at all levels in an institution who are accountable for the direct delivery and support of programs and services within their domain of business responsibility.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/manager

organizational leadership
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship soft skill
definition: Organizational leadership is: (a) The ability to attract, assess, mobilize and focus energies and talent to work towards a shared purpose aligned with the mandate of the organization; (b) The ability to change culture, processes and priorities within the organization; and, (c) The ability to mentor.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: organizational leadership
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Organizational leadership is: (a) The ability to attract, assess, mobilize and focus energies and talent to work towards a shared purpose aligned with the mandate of the organization; (b) The ability to change culture, processes and priorities within the organization; and, (c) The ability to mentor.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/organizational-leadership/

data dredging
type: Class
subclass of: data analysis
definition: A data mining practice in which large volumes of data are analyzed seeking any possible relationships between data. The traditional scientific method, in contrast, begins with a hypothesis and follows with an examination of the data.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data dredging
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A data mining practice in which large volumes of data are analyzed seeking any possible relationships between data. The traditional scientific method, in contrast, begins with a hypothesis and follows with an examination of the data.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-dredging/

unstructured data
type: Class
subclass of: data
definition: Data that have not been organized into a format and identifiable data structure that makes them easy to access and process. These data can often be searched as long as they are digital, but they are difficult to use for computer analyses.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: unstructured data
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Data that have not been organized into a format and identifiable data structure that makes them easy to access and process. These data can often be searched as long as they are digital, but they are difficult to use for computer analyses.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/unstructured-data

presentation slides with interactive exercises
type: Class
subclass of: presentation slides
created by: Peter McQuilton
creation date: 2020-11-16T22:18:14.764875Z

creating persistent identifiers
type: Class
subclass of: understanding persistent identifiers
created by: Peter McQuilton
creation date: 2020-10-02T14:23:05.600474Z

data linkage
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: The process of bringing together from two or more different sources, data that relate to the same individual, family, place or event).
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data linkage
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The process of bringing together from two or more different sources, data that relate to the same individual, family, place or event).
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-linkage/

catalogue
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: A type of collection that describes, and points to features of another collection.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: catalogue
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A type of collection that describes, and points to features of another collection.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/catalogue/

funding acquisition management
type: Class
subclass of: resource management
definition: The consideration of available monetary resources for a specific time period to serve a specific purpose.
term editor: Kristina Hettne
term editor: Simon Hodson
term editor: Victoria Dominguez Del Angel

Axiom
annotated source: funding acquisition management
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The consideration of available monetary resources for a specific time period to serve a specific purpose.
definition source: KH

machine access via api
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: To be able to use programmatic methods to access a resource's API to query and extract an appropriate subset of data.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
alternative label: API access
alternative label: Machine actionable search

Axiom
annotated source: machine access via api
annotated property: definition
annotated target: To be able to use programmatic methods to access a resource's API to query and extract an appropriate subset of data.
definition source: PMQ

data structure continuum
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: The continuum of data structure that includes unstructured data, semi-structured data, and structured data.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data structure continuum
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The continuum of data structure that includes unstructured data, semi-structured data, and structured data.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-structure-continuum/

data
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: Facts, measurements, recordings, records, or observations about the world collected by scientists and others, with a minimum of contextual interpretation.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Facts, measurements, recordings, records, or observations about the world collected by scientists and others, with a minimum of contextual interpretation.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data/

semi-structured data
type: Class
subclass of: data
definition: Data that have not been organized into a specialized repository, such as a database, but that nevertheless have associated information, such as metadata, that makes them more amenable to processing than raw data. Semi-structured data lie somewhere between structured and unstructured data. They are not organized in a complex manner that makes sophisticated access and analysis possible. However, they may have information associated with them, such as metadata tagging that allows elements contained to be addressed. Example: A Word document is generally considered to be unstructured data. However, metadata tags could be added in the form of keywords and other metadata that represent the document content and make it easier for that document to be found when people search for those terms — the data are now semi-structured. Nevertheless, the document still lacks the complex organization of a database, so falls short of being fully structured data.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: semi-structured data
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Data that have not been organized into a specialized repository, such as a database, but that nevertheless have associated information, such as metadata, that makes them more amenable to processing than raw data. Semi-structured data lie somewhere between structured and unstructured data. They are not organized in a complex manner that makes sophisticated access and analysis possible. However, they may have information associated with them, such as metadata tagging that allows elements contained to be addressed. Example: A Word document is generally considered to be unstructured data. However, metadata tags could be added in the form of keywords and other metadata that represent the document content and make it easier for that document to be found when people search for those terms — the data are now semi-structured. Nevertheless, the document still lacks the complex organization of a database, so falls short of being fully structured data.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/semi-structured-data

book chapter
type: Class
subclass of: book
created by: Peter McQuilton
creation date: 2020-10-01T20:53:37.24517Z

research scientist
type: Class
subclass of: researcher
definition: A scientist who conducts activities in: (1) Research, development and analysis (RDA); (2) Managing research; and, (3) Representation and client services.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: research scientist
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A scientist who conducts activities in: (1) Research, development and analysis (RDA); (2) Managing research; and, (3) Representation and client services.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/research-scientist

digital object identifier
type: Class
subclass of: persistent identifier
definition: A name (not a location) for an entity on digital networks. It provides a system for persistent and actionable identification and interoperable exchange of managed information on digital networks. A DOI is a type of Persistent Identifier (PID) issued by the International DOI Foundation. This permanent identifier is associated with a digital object that permits it to be referenced reliably even if its location and metadata undergo change over time.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: digital object identifier
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A name (not a location) for an entity on digital networks. It provides a system for persistent and actionable identification and interoperable exchange of managed information on digital networks. A DOI is a type of Persistent Identifier (PID) issued by the International DOI Foundation. This permanent identifier is associated with a digital object that permits it to be referenced reliably even if its location and metadata undergo change over time.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/digital-object-identifier/

F3. metadata clearly and explicitly include the identifier of the data they describe
type: Class
subclass of: findability of digital assets
term editor: Peter McQuilton

information management specialist
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: A person who is expert in one or more of the information management disciplines that support the effective and efficient management of information.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: information management specialist
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A person who is expert in one or more of the information management disciplines that support the effective and efficient management of information.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/information-management-specialist/

A2. metadata are accessible, even when the data are no longer available
type: Class
subclass of: accessibility of digital assets
term editor: Peter McQuilton

stakeholder engagement on societal impact
type: Class
subclass of: research integrity, attribution, impact awareness
definition: Identify and engage in dialogue with stakeholders affected by the research, or by making its outputs FAIR.
term editor: Angus Whyte
term editor: Celia van Gelder
term editor: Mateusz Kuzak
term editor: Yan Wang

principal investigator
type: Class
subclass of: manager
definition: The Principal Investigator (P.I.) is a researcher who has a research leadership role and is the point of contact for a project or partnership that applies the scientific method, historical method, or other research methodology for the advancement of knowledge resulting in independent, objective, high quality, traceable, and reproducible results. The P.I. has primary responsibility for the intellectual direction and integrity of the research or research-related activity, including data production, findings and results, and ensures ethical conduct in all aspects of the research process including but not limited to the treatment of human and animal subjects, conflicts of interest, data acquisition, sharing and ownership, publication practices, responsible authorship, and collaborative research and reporting. While various tasks may be delegated to team members, some of whom may have greater expertise in specific areas, the P.I. is familiar with the various technical and scientific aspects of a project and how they fit together, is able to identify and remediate gaps, and ensure communication within the team and with users of the research data and results.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: principal investigator
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The Principal Investigator (P.I.) is a researcher who has a research leadership role and is the point of contact for a project or partnership that applies the scientific method, historical method, or other research methodology for the advancement of knowledge resulting in independent, objective, high quality, traceable, and reproducible results. The P.I. has primary responsibility for the intellectual direction and integrity of the research or research-related activity, including data production, findings and results, and ensures ethical conduct in all aspects of the research process including but not limited to the treatment of human and animal subjects, conflicts of interest, data acquisition, sharing and ownership, publication practices, responsible authorship, and collaborative research and reporting. While various tasks may be delegated to team members, some of whom may have greater expertise in specific areas, the P.I. is familiar with the various technical and scientific aspects of a project and how they fit together, is able to identify and remediate gaps, and ensure communication within the team and with users of the research data and results.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/principal-investigator

program manager
type: Class
subclass of: manager
definition: The person responsible for creating the organizational environment culture by providing clear direction and circumstances that allow people to be successful. The program manager is judged on the elements time, cost, and scope, cumulatively for all the projects and operations within the program. Program management decisions are both tactical and strategic in nature. The strategy aspects of these decisions must consider multidimensional impacts beyond the near-term delivery dates of the project. In addition to delivery and execution, the program manager has to also be concerned with the overall health and effectiveness of the program over the long term.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: program manager
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The person responsible for creating the organizational environment culture by providing clear direction and circumstances that allow people to be successful. The program manager is judged on the elements time, cost, and scope, cumulatively for all the projects and operations within the program. Program management decisions are both tactical and strategic in nature. The strategy aspects of these decisions must consider multidimensional impacts beyond the near-term delivery dates of the project. In addition to delivery and execution, the program manager has to also be concerned with the overall health and effectiveness of the program over the long term.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/program-manager

persistent uniform resource locator
type: Class
subclass of: persistent identifier
definition: This is a URL. However, instead of pointing directly to the location of an Internet resource, a PURL points to an intermediate resolution service. The PURL resolution service associates the PURL with the actual URL and returns that URL to the client.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: persistent uniform resource locator
annotated property: definition
annotated target: This is a URL. However, instead of pointing directly to the location of an Internet resource, a PURL points to an intermediate resolution service. The PURL resolution service associates the PURL with the actual URL and returns that URL to the client.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/persistent-uniform-resource-locator

dublin core
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to the implementation of
  some values from: I1. (meta)data use a formal, accessible, shared, and broadly applicable language for knowledge representation
definition: An initiative to create a digital library card catalog for the Web. Dublin Core is made up of 15 metadata elements that offer expanded cataloging information and improved document indexing for search engine programs. The 15 metadata elements used by Dublin Core are: title (the name given the resource), creator (the person or organization responsible for the content), subject (the topic covered), description (a textual outline of the content), publisher (those responsible for making the resource available), contributor (those who added to the content), date (when the resource was made available), type (a category for the content), format (how the resource is presented), identifier (numerical identifier for the content such as a URL), source (where the content originally derived from), language (in what language the content is written), relation (how the content relates to other resources, for instance, if it is a chapter in a book), coverage (where the resource is physically located), and rights (a link to a copyright notice).
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: dublin core
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An initiative to create a digital library card catalog for the Web. Dublin Core is made up of 15 metadata elements that offer expanded cataloging information and improved document indexing for search engine programs. The 15 metadata elements used by Dublin Core are: title (the name given the resource), creator (the person or organization responsible for the content), subject (the topic covered), description (a textual outline of the content), publisher (those responsible for making the resource available), contributor (those who added to the content), date (when the resource was made available), type (a category for the content), format (how the resource is presented), identifier (numerical identifier for the content such as a URL), source (where the content originally derived from), language (in what language the content is written), relation (how the content relates to other resources, for instance, if it is a chapter in a book), coverage (where the resource is physically located), and rights (a link to a copyright notice).
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/dublin-core/

data stewardship guideline
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
term editor: Yann Le Franc
created by: ylefranc
creation date: 2021-03-17T16:34:14.943152Z

fair principle
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship guideline
definition: The FAIR principles are guidelines to improve the Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reuse of digital assets. The principles emphasise machine-actionability (i.e., the capacity of computational systems to find, access, interoperate, and reuse data with none or minimal human intervention) because humans increasingly rely on computational support to deal with data as a result of the increase in volume, complexity, and creation speed of data. The principles refer to three types of entities: data (or any digital object), metadata (information about that digital object), and infrastructure.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
created by: Peter McQuilton
creation date: 2020-10-02T14:56:15.031154Z

Axiom
annotated source: fair principle
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The FAIR principles are guidelines to improve the Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reuse of digital assets. The principles emphasise machine-actionability (i.e., the capacity of computational systems to find, access, interoperate, and reuse data with none or minimal human intervention) because humans increasingly rely on computational support to deal with data as a result of the increase in volume, complexity, and creation speed of data. The principles refer to three types of entities: data (or any digital object), metadata (information about that digital object), and infrastructure.
definition source: https://www.go-fair.org/fair-principles/

aptitudes for cloud computing environment management
type: Class
subclass of: cloud computing environment management
definition: Bin for Aptitudes related to Cloud computing environment management.
term editor: leightonlc

repurposed data
type: Class
subclass of: data
definition: New datasets obtained by combining data appropriately from a variety of existing files, generating new data products that did not previously exist. Repurposed data result from data wrangling.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: repurposed data
annotated property: definition
annotated target: New datasets obtained by combining data appropriately from a variety of existing files, generating new data products that did not previously exist. Repurposed data result from data wrangling.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/repurposed-data/

document type definition
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to the implementation of
  some values from: I1. (meta)data use a formal, accessible, shared, and broadly applicable language for knowledge representation
definition: The building blocks of an XML document.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: document type definition
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The building blocks of an XML document.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/document-type-definition/

I3. (meta)data include qualified references to other (meta)data
type: Class
subclass of: interoperability of digital assets
term editor: Peter McQuilton

persistent identifier
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
definition: A persistent identifier is a long-lasting reference to a digital object that gives information about that object regardless what happens to it. Developed to address link rot, a persistent identifier can be resolved to provide an appropriate representation of an object whether that objects changes its online location or goes offline.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: persistent identifier
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A persistent identifier is a long-lasting reference to a digital object that gives information about that object regardless what happens to it. Developed to address link rot, a persistent identifier can be resolved to provide an appropriate representation of an object whether that objects changes its online location or goes offline.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/persistent-identifier

scientist
type: Class
subclass of: researcher
definition: A person who is studying or has expert knowledge of one or more of the natural or physical sciences.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: scientist
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A person who is studying or has expert knowledge of one or more of the natural or physical sciences.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/scientist

integration
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship activity
definition: 1. The act of bringing together smaller components into a single system that functions as one. 2. In the context of information technology: The end result of a process that aims to stitch together different, often disparate, subsystems so that the data contained in each becomes part of a larger, more comprehensive system that, ideally, quickly and easily shares data when needed. This often requires that organizations build a customized architecture or structure of applications to combine new or existing hardware, software and other communications.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: integration
annotated property: definition
annotated target: 1. The act of bringing together smaller components into a single system that functions as one. 2. In the context of information technology: The end result of a process that aims to stitch together different, often disparate, subsystems so that the data contained in each becomes part of a larger, more comprehensive system that, ideally, quickly and easily shares data when needed. This often requires that organizations build a customized architecture or structure of applications to combine new or existing hardware, software and other communications.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/integration/

knowledge of high performance computing management
type: Class
subclass of: high performance computing management
definition: Bin for types of Knowledge related to High performance computing management.
term editor: leightonlc

fair mentoring
type: Class
subclass of: fair training
definition: The act of mentoring around FAIR data stewardship.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: Philippe Rocca-Serra
term editor: Susanna Sansone
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: fair mentoring
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The act of mentoring around FAIR data stewardship.
definition source: PMQ

data governance
type: Class
subclass of: governance
definition: The exercise of authority, control and shared decision making (planning, monitoring and enforcement) over the management of data assets.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data governance
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The exercise of authority, control and shared decision making (planning, monitoring and enforcement) over the management of data assets.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-governance/

extensible resource identifier
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
definition: A defining scheme used for identification of resources (including people and organizations) and the sharing of data across domains, enterprises, and applications. XRI TC will define a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) scheme and a corresponding Uniform Resource (URN) namespace.n/aCASRAI. https://www.oasis-open.org/committees/tc_home.php?wg_abbrev=xri
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: extensible resource identifier
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A defining scheme used for identification of resources (including people and organizations) and the sharing of data across domains, enterprises, and applications. XRI TC will define a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) scheme and a corresponding Uniform Resource (URN) namespace.n/aCASRAI. https://www.oasis-open.org/committees/tc_home.php?wg_abbrev=xri
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/extensible-resource-identifier/

impact
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: In the context of a researcher's activities, impact is the consequence of the research and new knowledge on the advancement of the specialty. Science-based policies, regulations, services and technology transfers are some examples of ways target results can be achieved and impact demonstrated.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: impact
annotated property: definition
annotated target: In the context of a researcher's activities, impact is the consequence of the research and new knowledge on the advancement of the specialty. Science-based policies, regulations, services and technology transfers are some examples of ways target results can be achieved and impact demonstrated.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/impact/

access control list
type: Class
subclass of: access
definition: A list used to grant permission matched against credentials.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: access control list
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A list used to grant permission matched against credentials.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/access-control-list/

understand data ownership and access policies
type: Class
subclass of: access control and management
definition: Learn about data copyright laws, licennsing and other legal aspects of data access. Understand the application of those laws at the project level.
term editor: Celia van Gelder
term editor: Mateusz Kuzak
term editor: Yan Wang

meeting/conference organisation
type: Class
subclass of: project management activities
definition: Meeting/conference organisation is a project management activity that encompasses all of the steps required to run a meeting or conference.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: Philippe Rocca-Serra
term editor: Susanna Sansone
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

service level management
type: Class
subclass of: resource management
definition: It can be considered as a negotiated agreement between the customer and vendor which are acceptable to both parties with respect to costs and expectations in order to support the business process.
term editor: Kristina Hettne
term editor: Leighton Christiansen
term editor: Simon Hodson
term editor: Victoria Dominguez Del Angel
alternative label: SLM

Axiom
annotated source: service level management
annotated property: definition
annotated target: It can be considered as a negotiated agreement between the customer and vendor which are acceptable to both parties with respect to costs and expectations in order to support the business process.
definition source: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/13848/service-level-management-slm [LLC]

national standard
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to the implementation of
  some values from: I1. (meta)data use a formal, accessible, shared, and broadly applicable language for knowledge representation
definition: From an official perspective, a national standard is adopted by a national standards body (e.g., Standards Council of Canada, American National Standards Institute, British Standards Institution) and made available to the public. Practically speaking, however, a national standard is any standard that is widely used and recognized within a country. In this context, even government standards, such as those issued by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), can be considered national standards.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: national standard
annotated property: definition
annotated target: From an official perspective, a national standard is adopted by a national standards body (e.g., Standards Council of Canada, American National Standards Institute, British Standards Institution) and made available to the public. Practically speaking, however, a national standard is any standard that is widely used and recognized within a country. In this context, even government standards, such as those issued by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), can be considered national standards.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/national-standard/

open government
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: A governing culture that holds that the public has the right to access the documents and proceedings of government to allow for greater openness, accountability, and engagement.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: open government
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A governing culture that holds that the public has the right to access the documents and proceedings of government to allow for greater openness, accountability, and engagement.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/open-government/

access control and management
type: Class
subclass of: publish data

storage security management
type: Class
subclass of: information security
definition: Manage the assessment, implementation and monitoring of secure storage protocols.
term editor: Angus Whyte
term editor: Celia van Gelder
term editor: Mateusz Kuzak
term editor: Yan Wang

governance
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship activity
definition: 1. Exercising authority to provide direction and to undertake, coordinate, and regulate activities in support of achieving this direction and desired outcomes. Governance can be thought of as the role of an organization's board of directors or its equivalent that is focused on defining that organization's purpose and the development of the strategies, objectives, values, and policies that frame how that purpose will be pursued. It includes the development of such things as mission statements, statements of organizational objectives and values, logic models, organizational performance metrics, risk management frameworks, policies and guidelines for financial and operational matters, stakeholder relations, etc.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: governance
annotated property: definition
annotated target: 1. Exercising authority to provide direction and to undertake, coordinate, and regulate activities in support of achieving this direction and desired outcomes. Governance can be thought of as the role of an organization's board of directors or its equivalent that is focused on defining that organization's purpose and the development of the strategies, objectives, values, and policies that frame how that purpose will be pursued. It includes the development of such things as mission statements, statements of organizational objectives and values, logic models, organizational performance metrics, risk management frameworks, policies and guidelines for financial and operational matters, stakeholder relations, etc.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/governance/

open archives initiative protocol for metadata harvesting
type: Class
subclass of: machine access via api
definition: A low-barrier mechanism for repository interoperability. Data Providers are repositories that expose structured metadata via OAI-PMH. Service Providers then make OAI-PMH service requests to harvest that metadata. OAI-PMH is a set of six verbs or services that are invoked within HTTP.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: open archives initiative protocol for metadata harvesting
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A low-barrier mechanism for repository interoperability. Data Providers are repositories that expose structured metadata via OAI-PMH. Service Providers then make OAI-PMH service requests to harvest that metadata. OAI-PMH is a set of six verbs or services that are invoked within HTTP.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/open-archives-initiative-protocol-for-metadata-harvesting/

computer code
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: A series of computer instructions written in some human readable computer language, usually stored in a text file.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: computer code
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A series of computer instructions written in some human readable computer language, usually stored in a text file.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/computer-code/

syntactic interoperability
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: Syntactic interoperability defines the structure or format of data exchange and is achieved through tools such as XML or SQL Standards.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: syntactic interoperability
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Syntactic interoperability defines the structure or format of data exchange and is achieved through tools such as XML or SQL Standards.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/syntactic-interoperability

aptitudes for preservation costs management
type: Class
subclass of: preservation costs management
definition: Bin for Aptitudes related to Preservation costs management.
term editor: leightonlc

accessibility of digital assets
type: Class
subclass of: fair principle
term editor: Peter McQuilton

cloud computing environment management
type: Class
subclass of: resource management
definition: The activity of bringing computer system resources, especially data storage and computing power on demand via Internet.
term editor: Kristina Hettne
term editor: Simon Hodson
term editor: Victoria Dominguez Del Angel

Axiom
annotated source: cloud computing environment management
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The activity of bringing computer system resources, especially data storage and computing power on demand via Internet.
definition source: (modified from wikipedia) [VDA]

corpus
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: A set of documents that has a scientific meaning. A corpus can be produced by an individual researchers activity (including its archival materials), or from a laboratory research, field campaign or science and culture heritage project, a survey, etc.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: corpus
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A set of documents that has a scientific meaning. A corpus can be produced by an individual researchers activity (including its archival materials), or from a laboratory research, field campaign or science and culture heritage project, a survey, etc.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/corpus/

the use of fair and open research tools or services
type: Class
subclass of: using fair and open research tools or services
definition: Understand how to use FAIR and open research tools and services.
term editor: Hugh Shanahan

data sharing
type: Class
subclass of: exposing data
definition: The practice of making data available for reuse. This may be done, for example, by depositing the data in a repository, through data publication.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
alternative label: Data dissemination
alternative label: Data posting

Axiom
annotated source: data sharing
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The practice of making data available for reuse. This may be done, for example, by depositing the data in a repository, through data publication.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-sharing/

appreciate importance of crediting research contributions
type: Class
subclass of: research integrity, attribution, impact awareness
definition: Understand how the rewards for effort depend on crediting the contributions of researchers and professional groups towards making FAIR outputs.
term editor: Angus Whyte
term editor: Celia van Gelder
term editor: Mateusz Kuzak
term editor: Yan Wang

reference resolution
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: The process of resolving a reference to useful information by using a globally available system.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: reference resolution
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The process of resolving a reference to useful information by using a globally available system.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/reference-resolution

research manager
type: Class
subclass of: researcher
definition: The person who manages or coordinates resources, personnel, facilities, and operating funds-allocations in an organization conducting research, development and analysis (RDA) in the natural and physical sciences. A research manager determines the nature, priority objectives and the resources committed to their achievement within and across the organizations, and evaluates program outputs in relation to organizational objectives and policies. A research manager provides scientific advice on the direction, conduct and management of these programs. A research manager does not personally conduct research development and analysis (RDA), control and coordinate projects, or control and coordinate contracted RDA.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: research manager
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The person who manages or coordinates resources, personnel, facilities, and operating funds-allocations in an organization conducting research, development and analysis (RDA) in the natural and physical sciences. A research manager determines the nature, priority objectives and the resources committed to their achievement within and across the organizations, and evaluates program outputs in relation to organizational objectives and policies. A research manager provides scientific advice on the direction, conduct and management of these programs. A research manager does not personally conduct research development and analysis (RDA), control and coordinate projects, or control and coordinate contracted RDA.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/research-manager

data integration
type: Class
subclass of: curation
definition: Combining diverse datasets from disparate sources into one unified dataset or database. Data are accessed and extracted, moved, validated, cleaned, transformed and loaded.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: data integration
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Combining diverse datasets from disparate sources into one unified dataset or database. Data are accessed and extracted, moved, validated, cleaned, transformed and loaded.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-integration

standard operating procedure
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: Detailed, written instructions to achieve uniformity of the performance of a specific function.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: standard operating procedure
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Detailed, written instructions to achieve uniformity of the performance of a specific function.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/standard-operating-procedure

repository
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: Repositories preserve, manage, and provide access to many types of digital materials in a variety of formats.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: repository
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Repositories preserve, manage, and provide access to many types of digital materials in a variety of formats.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/repository

knowledge of theories underlying fair implementation
type: Class
subclass of: fair training
definition: Understand the concepts underpinning FAIR criteria.
term editor: Angus Whyte

document in lay terms
type: Class
subclass of: publish data
definition: Know the purpose of the public use, choose the proper subjects for the audience and describe the project work for the purpose/audience chosen.
term editor: Celia van Gelder
term editor: Mateusz Kuzak
term editor: Yan Wang

understanding persistent identifiers
type: Class
subclass of: exposing data
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: competency gained through
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: learning medium
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: supports implementation of
      some values from: F1. (meta)data are assigned a globally unique and persistent identifier
created by: Peter McQuilton
creation date: 2020-10-02T14:54:27.168274Z

data upload database
type: Class
subclass of: data store
definition: A collection of interrelated data often with controlled redundancy, organized according to a scheme to serve one or more applications; the data are stored so that they can be used by several programs without concern for data structures or organization.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data upload database
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A collection of interrelated data often with controlled redundancy, organized according to a scheme to serve one or more applications; the data are stored so that they can be used by several programs without concern for data structures or organization.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-upload-database/

uniform resource identifier
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
definition: A string of characters used to identify or name a resource on the Internet. Such identification enables interaction with representations of the resource over a network, typically the World Wide Web, using specific protocols. MIT data management and publishing
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: uniform resource identifier
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A string of characters used to identify or name a resource on the Internet. Such identification enables interaction with representations of the resource over a network, typically the World Wide Web, using specific protocols. MIT data management and publishing
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/uniform-resource-identifier/

how to find fair research data tools/services (catalogues)
type: Class
subclass of: the use of fair and open research tools or services
definition: Know how to search for and identify FAIR services or tools that fit project needs.
term editor: Angus Whyte

data reference model
type: Class
subclass of: data model
definition: A framework whose primary purpose is to enable information sharing and reuse across the federal government via the standard description and discovery of common data and the promotion of uniform data management practices.n/aCASRAI. https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/assets/egov_docs/DRM_2_0_Final.pdf
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data reference model
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A framework whose primary purpose is to enable information sharing and reuse across the federal government via the standard description and discovery of common data and the promotion of uniform data management practices.n/aCASRAI. https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/assets/egov_docs/DRM_2_0_Final.pdf
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-reference-model/

peer review
type: Class
subclass of: assessment
definition: A process by which a scholarly work (such as a paper or a research proposal) is checked by a group of experts in the same field to make sure it meets the necessary standards before it is published or accepted.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: peer review
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A process by which a scholarly work (such as a paper or a research proposal) is checked by a group of experts in the same field to make sure it meets the necessary standards before it is published or accepted.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/peer-review/

knowledge of provenance information management
type: Class
subclass of: provenance information management
definition: Bin for types of Knowledge related to Provenance information management.
created by: leightonlc
creation date: 2019-10-17T15:17:02.313897Z

record
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: 1. A collection of data items arranged for processing by a program. Multiple records are contained in a file or dataset. Typically, records can be of fixed-length or be of variable length with the length information contained within the record. 2. A record (sometimes called a row) is a group of fields (sometimes called columns) within a table that are relevant to a specific entity.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: record
annotated property: definition
annotated target: 1. A collection of data items arranged for processing by a program. Multiple records are contained in a file or dataset. Typically, records can be of fixed-length or be of variable length with the length information contained within the record. 2. A record (sometimes called a row) is a group of fields (sometimes called columns) within a table that are relevant to a specific entity.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/record

de-anonymization
type: Class
subclass of: information security
definition: De-anonymization is a reverse engineering process in which de-identified data are cross-referenced with other data sources to re-identify the personally identifiable information. This could occur if a de-identification process had not been not successfully performed, or had not been undertaken in the first place.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: de-anonymization
annotated property: definition
annotated target: De-anonymization is a reverse engineering process in which de-identified data are cross-referenced with other data sources to re-identify the personally identifiable information. This could occur if a de-identification process had not been not successfully performed, or had not been undertaken in the first place.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/de-anonymization/

application of fair tools and services
type: Class
subclass of: using fair and open research tools or services
created by: HughShanahan
creation date: 2019-10-18T08:45:02.980527Z

mandatory standard
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to the implementation of
  some values from: I1. (meta)data use a formal, accessible, shared, and broadly applicable language for knowledge representation
definition: Requires compliance because of a government statute or regulation, an organization internal policy, or contractual requirement. Failure to comply with a mandatory standard usually carries a sanction, such as civil or criminal penalties, or loss of employment.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: mandatory standard
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Requires compliance because of a government statute or regulation, an organization internal policy, or contractual requirement. Failure to comply with a mandatory standard usually carries a sanction, such as civil or criminal penalties, or loss of employment.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/mandatory-standard/

data driven decision management
type: Class
subclass of: governance
definition: An approach to governance that values decisions that can be backed up with data that can be verified. The success of the data-driven approach is reliant upon the quality of the data gathered and the effectiveness of its analysis and interpretation.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data driven decision management
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An approach to governance that values decisions that can be backed up with data that can be verified. The success of the data-driven approach is reliant upon the quality of the data gathered and the effectiveness of its analysis and interpretation.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-driven-decision-management/

golden record
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: 1. A single, well-defined version of all the data entities in an organizational ecosystem. In this context, a golden record is sometimes called the single version of the truth, where truth is understood to mean the reference to which data users can turn when they want to ensure that they have the correct version of a piece of information. The golden record encompasses all the data in every system of record within a particular organization. A system of record is an information storage and retrieval system that serves as the authoritative source for a particular data element in a system containing multiple sources of the same element. To ensure data integrity, a single system of record must always exist for each and every data element. A well-maintained, current golden record should be a fundamental element of the Master Data Management policy for every enterprise. 2. The word “golden” is sometimes used in information technology to express the importance of some type of source. In the context of virtualization, for example, a golden image is a template for a virtual machine, virtual desktop, servers, or hard disk drive.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: golden record
annotated property: definition
annotated target: 1. A single, well-defined version of all the data entities in an organizational ecosystem. In this context, a golden record is sometimes called the single version of the truth, where truth is understood to mean the reference to which data users can turn when they want to ensure that they have the correct version of a piece of information. The golden record encompasses all the data in every system of record within a particular organization. A system of record is an information storage and retrieval system that serves as the authoritative source for a particular data element in a system containing multiple sources of the same element. To ensure data integrity, a single system of record must always exist for each and every data element. A well-maintained, current golden record should be a fundamental element of the Master Data Management policy for every enterprise. 2. The word “golden” is sometimes used in information technology to express the importance of some type of source. In the context of virtualization, for example, a golden image is a template for a virtual machine, virtual desktop, servers, or hard disk drive.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/golden-record/

data quality
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: The reliability and application efficiency of data. It is a perception or an assessment of dataset's fitness to serve its purpose in a given context. Aspects of data quality include: Accuracy, Completeness, Update status, Relevance, Consistency across data sources, Reliability, Appropriate presentation, Accessibility. Within an organization, acceptable data quality is crucial to operational and transactional...
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data quality
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The reliability and application efficiency of data. It is a perception or an assessment of dataset's fitness to serve its purpose in a given context. Aspects of data quality include: Accuracy, Completeness, Update status, Relevance, Consistency across data sources, Reliability, Appropriate presentation, Accessibility. Within an organization, acceptable data quality is crucial to operational and transactional...
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-quality/

using fair and open research tools or services
type: Class
subclass of: fair training
created by: HughShanahan
creation date: 2019-10-18T08:38:59.038306Z

webinar
type: Class
subclass of: learning medium
term editor: Peter McQuilton
created by: Peter McQuilton
creation date: 2020-10-01T20:53:15.691824Z

digital data
type: Class
subclass of: data
definition: Data in the form of digital materials.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: digital data
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Data in the form of digital materials.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/digital-data/

F1. (meta)data are assigned a globally unique and persistent identifier
type: Class
subclass of: findability of digital assets
term editor: Peter McQuilton

strategic/long-term planning
type: Class
subclass of: project management activities
definition: An organization's process of defining its strategy or direction in the context of FAIR project management activities, both in the context of current knowledge and unknown factors in the future.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: Philippe Rocca-Serra
term editor: Susanna Sansone
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: strategic/long-term planning
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An organization's process of defining its strategy or direction in the context of FAIR project management activities, both in the context of current knowledge and unknown factors in the future.
definition source: AL, and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_planning [17.10.19]

data hygiene
type: Class
subclass of: curation
definition: The collective processes conducted to ensure the cleanliness of data. Data are considered clean when they are relatively error-free.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data hygiene
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The collective processes conducted to ensure the cleanliness of data. Data are considered clean when they are relatively error-free.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-hygiene/

data profiling
type: Class
subclass of: data analysis
definition: The statistical analysis and assessment of the quality of data values within a dataset for consistency, uniqueness and logic. The data profiling process cannot identify inaccurate data; it can only identify business rules violations and anomalies. The insight gained by data profiling can be used to determine how difficult it will be to use existing data for other purposes. It can also be used to provide metrics to assess data quality and help determine whether or not metadata accurately describes the source data. Profiling tools evaluate the actual content, structure and quality of the data by exploring relationships that exist between value collections both within and across datasets. For example, by examining the frequency distribution of different values for each column in a table, an analyst can gain insight into the type and use of each column. Cross-column analysis can be used to expose embedded value dependencies and inter-table analysis allows the analyst to discover overlapping value sets that represent foreign key relationships between entities.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data profiling
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The statistical analysis and assessment of the quality of data values within a dataset for consistency, uniqueness and logic. The data profiling process cannot identify inaccurate data; it can only identify business rules violations and anomalies. The insight gained by data profiling can be used to determine how difficult it will be to use existing data for other purposes. It can also be used to provide metrics to assess data quality and help determine whether or not metadata accurately describes the source data. Profiling tools evaluate the actual content, structure and quality of the data by exploring relationships that exist between value collections both within and across datasets. For example, by examining the frequency distribution of different values for each column in a table, an analyst can gain insight into the type and use of each column. Cross-column analysis can be used to expose embedded value dependencies and inter-table analysis allows the analyst to discover overlapping value sets that represent foreign key relationships between entities.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-profiling/

metadata record
type: Class
subclass of: metadata catalogue
definition: A collection of data defined by a theme, category, which reflects what is being measured, observed, monitored at the various sites. The Metadata Record is an information resource of business value.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: metadata record
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A collection of data defined by a theme, category, which reflects what is being measured, observed, monitored at the various sites. The Metadata Record is an information resource of business value.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/metadata-record/

research data
type: Class
subclass of: data
definition: Data that are used as primary sources to support technical or scientific enquiry, research, scholarship, or artistic activity, and that are used as evidence in the research process and/or are commonly accepted in the research community as necessary to validate research findings and results. All other digital and non-digital content have the potential of becoming research data. Research data may be experimental data, observational data, operational data, third party data, public sector data, monitoring data, processed data, or repurposed data.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: research data
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Data that are used as primary sources to support technical or scientific enquiry, research, scholarship, or artistic activity, and that are used as evidence in the research process and/or are commonly accepted in the research community as necessary to validate research findings and results. All other digital and non-digital content have the potential of becoming research data. Research data may be experimental data, observational data, operational data, third party data, public sector data, monitoring data, processed data, or repurposed data.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/research-data

learning medium
type: Class
subclass of: independent continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers competency about
  some values from: data stewardship activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers knowledge about
  some values from: data stewardship technical concept
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: requires/improves personal attribute
  some values from: data stewardship soft skill
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers practical skill about
  some values from: data stewardship technical concept
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: supports implementation of
  some values from: data stewardship guideline
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: requires competency about
  some values from: data stewardship activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: requires knowledge about
  some values from: data stewardship technical concept
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: requires practical skill about
  some values from: data stewardship technical concept
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: reference URL
  some values from: anyURI
definition: The medium through which learning has been provided. For example, through a course, slides, video presentation, online documentation, wiki pages or others.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
created by: Peter McQuilton
creation date: 2020-09-22T13:19:57.012225Z

data manager
type: Class
subclass of: manager

electronic health record
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: 1. A compilation of core electronic health data submitted by various healthcare providers and organizations, accessible by numerous authorized parties from a number of points of care, possibly even from different jurisdictions. 2. An official health record for an individual that is shared among multiple facilities and agencies. 3. Electronic health records typically include: Contact information, Information about visits to health care professionals, Allergies, Insurance information, Family history, Immunization status, Information about any conditions or diseases, A list of medications, Records of hospitalization, Information about any surgeries or procedures performed. Digitized health information systems are expected to improve efficiency and quality of care and, ultimately, reduce costs. The benefits of electronic health records include: The ability to automatically share and update information among different offices and organizations, More efficient storage and retrieval, The ability to share multimedia information, such as medical imaging results, among locations, The ability to link records to sources of relevant and current research, Easier standardization of services and patient care, Provision of decision support systems (DSS) for healthcare professionals, Less redundancy of effort, Lower cost to the medical system once implementation is complete, The governments of many countries are working to ensure that all citizens have standardized electronic health records and that all records include the same types of information. The major barrier for the adoption of electronic health records is cost.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: electronic health record
annotated property: definition
annotated target: 1. A compilation of core electronic health data submitted by various healthcare providers and organizations, accessible by numerous authorized parties from a number of points of care, possibly even from different jurisdictions. 2. An official health record for an individual that is shared among multiple facilities and agencies. 3. Electronic health records typically include: Contact information, Information about visits to health care professionals, Allergies, Insurance information, Family history, Immunization status, Information about any conditions or diseases, A list of medications, Records of hospitalization, Information about any surgeries or procedures performed. Digitized health information systems are expected to improve efficiency and quality of care and, ultimately, reduce costs. The benefits of electronic health records include: The ability to automatically share and update information among different offices and organizations, More efficient storage and retrieval, The ability to share multimedia information, such as medical imaging results, among locations, The ability to link records to sources of relevant and current research, Easier standardization of services and patient care, Provision of decision support systems (DSS) for healthcare professionals, Less redundancy of effort, Lower cost to the medical system once implementation is complete, The governments of many countries are working to ensure that all citizens have standardized electronic health records and that all records include the same types of information. The major barrier for the adoption of electronic health records is cost.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/electronic-health-record/

data scaling
type: Class
subclass of: data analysis
definition: Techniques used to deal with parameters having different units and scales.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
alternative label: Data rescaling

Axiom
annotated source: data scaling
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Techniques used to deal with parameters having different units and scales.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-scaling/

access controls
type: Class
subclass of: access
definition: Given a data object name, access controls define access relationships between the following metadata: data object name, a user name (or user group, or user role), and access permission. The information can be stored as metadata information associated with each data object. The information can be generated dynamically by applying the access controls of the collection that organizes the data objects.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: access controls
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Given a data object name, access controls define access relationships between the following metadata: data object name, a user name (or user group, or user role), and access permission. The information can be stored as metadata information associated with each data object. The information can be generated dynamically by applying the access controls of the collection that organizes the data objects.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/access-controls/

privacy governance
type: Class
subclass of: governance
definition: Monitoring the risk to privacy posed by data requests from researchers, and the practices of data custodians in providing data (information governance) to ensure that confidentiality is protected. Such governance requires specialized knowledge of technology, law, and statistical methods.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: privacy governance
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Monitoring the risk to privacy posed by data requests from researchers, and the practices of data custodians in providing data (information governance) to ensure that confidentiality is protected. Such governance requires specialized knowledge of technology, law, and statistical methods.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/privacy-governance/

research integrity, attribution, impact awareness
type: Class
subclass of: assessment
term editor: Angus Whyte
term editor: Celia van Gelder
term editor: Mateusz Kuzak
term editor: Yan Wang

knowledge of cloud computing environment management
type: Class
subclass of: cloud computing environment management
definition: Bin for types of Knowledge related to Cloud computing environment management.
term editor: leightonlc

metadata
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to the implementation of
  some values from: F2. data are described with rich metadata
definition: Literally, “data about data”; data that defines and describes the characteristics of other data, used to improve both business and technical understanding of data and data-related processes. Business metadata includes the names and business definitions of subject areas, entities and attributes, attribute data types and other attribute properties, range descriptions, valid domain values and their definitions. Technical metadata includes physical database table and column names, column properties, and the properties of other database objects, including how data is stored. Process metadata is data that defines and describes the characteristics of other system elements (processes, business rules, programs, jobs, tools, etc.). Data stewardship metadata is data about data stewards, stewardship processes and responsibility assignments.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
alternative label: Data documentation

Axiom
annotated source: metadata
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Literally, “data about data”; data that defines and describes the characteristics of other data, used to improve both business and technical understanding of data and data-related processes. Business metadata includes the names and business definitions of subject areas, entities and attributes, attribute data types and other attribute properties, range descriptions, valid domain values and their definitions. Technical metadata includes physical database table and column names, column properties, and the properties of other database objects, including how data is stored. Process metadata is data that defines and describes the characteristics of other system elements (processes, business rules, programs, jobs, tools, etc.). Data stewardship metadata is data about data stewards, stewardship processes and responsibility assignments.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/metadata/

comma separated values
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to the implementation of
  some values from: I1. (meta)data use a formal, accessible, shared, and broadly applicable language for knowledge representation
definition: A file that contains the values in a table as a series of ASCII text lines organized so that each column value is separated by a comma from the next column's value and each row starts a new line.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
comment: Maybe remove as shouldn't have formats here.

Axiom
annotated source: comma separated values
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A file that contains the values in a table as a series of ASCII text lines organized so that each column value is separated by a comma from the next column's value and each row starts a new line.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/comma-separated-values/

identifier
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to the implementation of
  some values from: F1. (meta)data are assigned a globally unique and persistent identifier
term editor: Peter McQuilton

project team member
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: Responsible for executing tasks and producing deliverables as outlined in the Project Plan and directed by the Project Manager, at whatever level of effort or participation has been defined for them.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: project team member
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Responsible for executing tasks and producing deliverables as outlined in the Project Plan and directed by the Project Manager, at whatever level of effort or participation has been defined for them.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/project-team-member

descriptive metadata
type: Class
subclass of: metadata
definition: Enables identification, location, and retrieval of information resources by users, often including the use of controlled vocabularies for classification and indexing and links to related resources.REFERENCE. DCC/TC3+
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
term tracker item: https://github.com/terms4fairskills/FAIRterminology/issues/13

Axiom
annotated source: descriptive metadata
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Enables identification, location, and retrieval of information resources by users, often including the use of controlled vocabularies for classification and indexing and links to related resources.REFERENCE. DCC/TC3+
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/descriptive-metadata/

github repository
type: Class
subclass of: learning medium
term editor: Peter McQuilton
created by: Peter McQuilton
creation date: 2020-10-01T21:03:55.425579Z

data mining
type: Class
subclass of: data analysis
definition: The process of analyzing multivariate datasets using pattern recognition or other knowledge discovery techniques to identify potentially unknown and potentially meaningful data content, relationships, classification, or trends.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: data mining
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The process of analyzing multivariate datasets using pattern recognition or other knowledge discovery techniques to identify potentially unknown and potentially meaningful data content, relationships, classification, or trends.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-mining/

data archiving
type: Class
subclass of: archiving
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
alternative label: Data preservation
created by: Peter McQuilton
creation date: 2021-02-17T22:18:22.641817Z

encoding schema
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: Machine processable specifications which define the structure and syntax of metadata specifications in a formal schema language.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
comment: AL 5.12.22 Moved from 'findability of digital assets' as it is definitely not a particular data stewardship guideline.

Axiom
annotated source: encoding schema
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Machine processable specifications which define the structure and syntax of metadata specifications in a formal schema language.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/encoding-schema/

digital archiving
type: Class
subclass of: archiving
definition: 1. In the context of library and archiving communities: Digital archiving is often used interchangeably with digital preservation. 2. In the context of computing: Digital archiving is process of backup and ongoing maintenance as opposed to strategies for long-term digital preservation.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: digital archiving
annotated property: definition
annotated target: 1. In the context of library and archiving communities: Digital archiving is often used interchangeably with digital preservation. 2. In the context of computing: Digital archiving is process of backup and ongoing maintenance as opposed to strategies for long-term digital preservation.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/digital-archiving/

pid resolution
type: Class
subclass of: persistent identifier
definition: The process of resolving a PID to a useful state of information about a digital object by using a globally available system.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: pid resolution
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The process of resolving a PID to a useful state of information about a digital object by using a globally available system.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/pid-resolution/

skills related to storage management
type: Class
subclass of: storage management
definition: Bin for Skills needed for Storage management.
term editor: leightonlc

data repository management
type: Class
subclass of: resource management
definition: A type of data management using repositories. It is the set of policies that govern the organization, control, and properties of the repository such as: required file formats, access control restrictions, integrity, replication, retention, disposition, etc.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: data repository management
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A type of data management using repositories. It is the set of policies that govern the organization, control, and properties of the repository such as: required file formats, access control restrictions, integrity, replication, retention, disposition, etc.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/data-repository-management/

darwin information typing architecture
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: A document creation and management specification that builds content reuse into the authoring process.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: darwin information typing architecture
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A document creation and management specification that builds content reuse into the authoring process.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/darwin-information-typing-architecture/

analytics
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: The discovery of meaningful multidimensional patterns in data.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: analytics
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The discovery of meaningful multidimensional patterns in data.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/analytics/

data stewardship soft skill
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
definition: The personal attributes necessary to perform a task.
term editor: Peter McQuilton
alternative definition: Aptitude is the innate trait or talent that a person brings to a task or situation. It is the quality of being able to do something. An aptitude is not something that can be learned or developed unless it is there to begin with.
alternative definition source: Laura Molloy, Celia van Gelder:https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/12oNBFix39ZtsLAR4tkqESBXxMU5rVg3cCKoEDG2oK-M/edit#slide=id.p5

archival documentation of data
type: Class
subclass of: archiving
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: competency gained through
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: learning medium
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: supports implementation of
      some values from: fair principle
definition: Ability to apply the FAIR principles i.e. describe the data with community metadata standard for machine and human, align with existing semantic models (ontologies, controlled vocabularies, ...), get a persistent ID, attribute licence and credit for data creators, legal aspect related to data (ownership, confidentiality, ethics, ...) add data provenance.
term editor: Kristina Hettne
term editor: Victoria Dominguez Del Angel
term editor: Yann Le Franc
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: archival documentation of data
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Ability to apply the FAIR principles i.e. describe the data with community metadata standard for machine and human, align with existing semantic models (ontologies, controlled vocabularies, ...), get a persistent ID, attribute licence and credit for data creators, legal aspect related to data (ownership, confidentiality, ethics, ...) add data provenance.
definition source: [YLF, VDA, KH]

machine-readable format
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: A machine-readable format is a structured format that can be processed by a computer. Such formats can either be intended solely for machine processing (e.g. XML or RDF), or may be both human and machine accessible via appropriate markup (e.g. HTML).
term editor: Peter McQuilton
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
comment: AL 5.12.22: Merged with now-obsolete 'machine readable' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/T4FS_0000256), as we do not need that level of granularity. AL 6.5.22: The original CASRAI term (https://casrai.org/term/machine-readable-format/) has an identical source definition with 'Digital materials', and therefore has been removed.

Axiom
annotated source: machine-readable format
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A machine-readable format is a structured format that can be processed by a computer. Such formats can either be intended solely for machine processing (e.g. XML or RDF), or may be both human and machine accessible via appropriate markup (e.g. HTML).
definition source: Modified by AL from Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine-readable_data, accessed 6.5.22

confidential information
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
definition: Any information obtained by a person on the understanding that they will not disclose it to others, or obtained in circumstances where it is expected that they will not disclose it.
term editor: Peter McQuilton

Axiom
annotated source: confidential information
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Any information obtained by a person on the understanding that they will not disclose it to others, or obtained in circumstances where it is expected that they will not disclose it.
definition source: CASRAI. https://casrai.org/term/confidential-information/

fair cookbook recipe
type: Class
subclass of: online documentation
definition: The FAIR Cookbook’s recipes are a combination of guidance, technical, hands-on, background and review types to cover the operation steps of FAIR data management, and are classified according to the audience types, to serve all those involved in the data management life cycle. The FAIR Cookbook is for anyone working in the Life Sciences who needs guidance on applying the FAIR Principles in practice.
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: fair cookbook recipe
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The FAIR Cookbook’s recipes are a combination of guidance, technical, hands-on, background and review types to cover the operation steps of FAIR data management, and are classified according to the audience types, to serve all those involved in the data management life cycle. The FAIR Cookbook is for anyone working in the Life Sciences who needs guidance on applying the FAIR Principles in practice.
definition source: https://faircookbook.elixir-europe.org/content/recipes/introduction/FAIR-cookbook-audience.html

evaluation indicator
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: Evaluation indicators are designed to enable the measurement of the degree of compliance against a guideline using a set of criteria. The goals of such indicators are varied, but a good example would be to improve the re-usability of the digital asset being measured for increased discoverability, interoperability and overall machine actionability.
term tracker item: https://github.com/terms4fairskills/FAIRterminology/issues/22

Axiom
annotated source: evaluation indicator
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Evaluation indicators are designed to enable the measurement of the degree of compliance against a guideline using a set of criteria. The goals of such indicators are varied, but a good example would be to improve the re-usability of the digital asset being measured for increased discoverability, interoperability and overall machine actionability.
definition source: Definition by https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495 and drawn in part from https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators

fairplus dataset maturity model indicator
type: Class
subclass of: evaluation indicator
definition: The fairplus dataset maturity model indicators are used within the context of the model, which is intended as a comprehensive reference model for state-of-FAIRness improvement in research datasets. Based on the FAIR guiding principles, the DSM model defines and classifies requirements that constitute an incremental path towards improving FAIRness level for a given research dataset.
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
alternative label: fairplus DSM model indicator

Axiom
annotated source: fairplus dataset maturity model indicator
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The fairplus dataset maturity model indicators are used within the context of the model, which is intended as a comprehensive reference model for state-of-FAIRness improvement in research datasets. Based on the FAIR guiding principles, the DSM model defines and classifies requirements that constitute an incremental path towards improving FAIRness level for a given research dataset.
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/

fairplus DSM content-related indicator
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus dataset maturity model indicator
definition: The fairplus DSM content-related indicators relate to what is reported in the Dataset (data) & the Dataset Descriptor (metadata).
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: fairplus DSM content-related indicator
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The fairplus DSM content-related indicators relate to what is reported in the Dataset (data) & the Dataset Descriptor (metadata).
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/

fairplus DSM representation and format indicator
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus dataset maturity model indicator
definition: The fairplus DSM representation and format indicators relate to how the data object & metadata object are represented and formatted.
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
comment: AL 5.12.22: Please note that the 'and' in this label is a direct representation of the fairplus DSM model, and not a ontological design choice.

Axiom
annotated source: fairplus DSM representation and format indicator
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The fairplus DSM representation and format indicators relate to how the data object & metadata object are represented and formatted.
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/

fairplus DSM hosting-environment capabilities indicator
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus dataset maturity model indicator
definition: The fairplus DSM hosting-environment capabilities indicator relate to the capabilities of the hosting environment that enables and supports the use of FAIR data
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: fairplus DSM hosting-environment capabilities indicator
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The fairplus DSM hosting-environment capabilities indicator relate to the capabilities of the hosting environment that enables and supports the use of FAIR data
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/

DSM-0-R2
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM representation and format indicator
definition: No representation of Data purposed for FAIR sharing is available
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-0-R2
annotated property: definition
annotated target: No representation of Data purposed for FAIR sharing is available
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-1-R2
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM representation and format indicator
definition: Structured and/or Unstructured Data are organised into Dataset(s) created for the purpose of FAIR sharing
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-1-R2
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Structured and/or Unstructured Data are organised into Dataset(s) created for the purpose of FAIR sharing
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-2-R2
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM representation and format indicator
definition: Project collected Data are organized into structured Dataset(s) and conform to a locally defined Dataset Model
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-2-R2
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Project collected Data are organized into structured Dataset(s) and conform to a locally defined Dataset Model
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-3-R2
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM representation and format indicator
definition: Structured Data are represented as Datasets and conform to relevant Standard Dataset Model(s) for FAIR sharing
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-3-R2
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Structured Data are represented as Datasets and conform to relevant Standard Dataset Model(s) for FAIR sharing
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-4-R2
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM representation and format indicator
definition: Dataset(s) content is semantically represented using Linked Data Represetations conforming to a Semantic Data Model
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-4-R2
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Dataset(s) content is semantically represented using Linked Data Represetations conforming to a Semantic Data Model
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-5-R2
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM representation and format indicator
definition: Dataset(s) are granularly represented and managed at the Data Element Level (e.g. ISO 11179 MDR standard)
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-5-R2
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Dataset(s) are granularly represented and managed at the Data Element Level (e.g. ISO 11179 MDR standard)
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-0-R3
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM representation and format indicator
definition: Dataset Metadata is NOT formally represented in a structured Dataset Descriptor
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-0-R3
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Dataset Metadata is NOT formally represented in a structured Dataset Descriptor
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-1-R0
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM representation and format indicator
definition: Dataset Metadata is formally represented in the form of an Identifiable Dataset Descriptor
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-1-R0
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Dataset Metadata is formally represented in the form of an Identifiable Dataset Descriptor
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-1-R3
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM representation and format indicator
definition: A representation of the Dataset Descriptor conforming to a relevant General Purpose Metadata Schema is available
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-1-R3
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A representation of the Dataset Descriptor conforming to a relevant General Purpose Metadata Schema is available
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-2-R3
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM representation and format indicator
definition: Dataset Descriptor(s) conforms to or extends a Standard Generic Dataset Descriptor Model to describe and represent structural metadata of Dataset(s)
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-2-R3
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Dataset Descriptor(s) conforms to or extends a Standard Generic Dataset Descriptor Model to describe and represent structural metadata of Dataset(s)
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-3-R3
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM representation and format indicator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: R1.3 (meta)data meet domain-relevant community standards
definition: Dataset Descriptor(s) use community-defined or domain-specific metadata standard
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-3-R3
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Dataset Descriptor(s) use community-defined or domain-specific metadata standard
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-4-R3
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM representation and format indicator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: I1. (meta)data use a formal, accessible, shared, and broadly applicable language for knowledge representation
definition: A Semantic Data Model (Metadata) used for data harmonisation across Datasets is formally defined and represented using Linked Data Representations
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-4-R3
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A Semantic Data Model (Metadata) used for data harmonisation across Datasets is formally defined and represented using Linked Data Representations
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-5-R3
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM representation and format indicator
definition: Common Data Elements and their value sets are defined and registered in a managed Metadata Registry
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-5-R3
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Common Data Elements and their value sets are defined and registered in a managed Metadata Registry
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-0-R1
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM representation and format indicator
definition: Contextual Metadata is NOT formally represented in any form
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-0-R1
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Contextual Metadata is NOT formally represented in any form
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-1-R1
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM representation and format indicator
definition: Contextual Metadata is reported at summary level and represented in the Dataset Descriptor
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-1-R1
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Contextual Metadata is reported at summary level and represented in the Dataset Descriptor
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-2-R1
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM representation and format indicator
definition: Contextual Metadata is formally represented in the form of a locally defined Domain Model
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-2-R1
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Contextual Metadata is formally represented in the form of a locally defined Domain Model
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-3-R1
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM representation and format indicator
definition: Contextual Metadata is formally represented and conforms to a standard defined Domain Model if available
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-3-R1
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Contextual Metadata is formally represented and conforms to a standard defined Domain Model if available
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-4-R1
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM representation and format indicator
definition: Contextual Metadata is formally represented by a defined set Common Data Elements
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-4-R1
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Contextual Metadata is formally represented by a defined set Common Data Elements
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-5-R1
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM representation and format indicator
definition: Domain entities are represented by Managed Master Data Objects conforming to a Master Data Model used for data consolidation
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-5-R1
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Domain entities are represented by Managed Master Data Objects conforming to a Master Data Model used for data consolidation
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-0-R4
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM representation and format indicator
definition: Dataset Descriptor (metadata) is NOT available in a Machine Readable Format
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-0-R4
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Dataset Descriptor (metadata) is NOT available in a Machine Readable Format
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-1-R4
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM representation and format indicator
definition: Dataset Descriptor is available in Machine Readable Format
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-1-R4
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Dataset Descriptor is available in Machine Readable Format
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-2-R4
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM representation and format indicator
definition: Contextual Metadata represented in the form of a Domain Model is available in a Human Readable Format
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-2-R4
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Contextual Metadata represented in the form of a Domain Model is available in a Human Readable Format
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-3-R4
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM representation and format indicator
definition: A formal documentation of the adopted Standard Dataset Model is available in a Machine Readable Format
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-3-R4
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A formal documentation of the adopted Standard Dataset Model is available in a Machine Readable Format
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-4-R4
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM representation and format indicator
definition: A Semantic Data Model (Metadata) describing the data is represented in a Machine Readable and Machine Interptretable format
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-4-R4
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A Semantic Data Model (Metadata) describing the data is represented in a Machine Readable and Machine Interptretable format
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-0-R5
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM representation and format indicator
definition: Dataset(s) are NOT available in a Machine Readable Format
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-0-R5
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Dataset(s) are NOT available in a Machine Readable Format
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-1-R5
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM representation and format indicator
definition: Dataset(s) available in Machine Readable Format
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-1-R5
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Dataset(s) available in Machine Readable Format
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-3-R5
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM representation and format indicator
definition: If applicable, Dataset(s) available in non-proprietary Machine Readable Format relevant to the adopted standard Dataset Model
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-3-R5
annotated property: definition
annotated target: If applicable, Dataset(s) available in non-proprietary Machine Readable Format relevant to the adopted standard Dataset Model
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-4-R5
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM representation and format indicator
definition: Datasets are available in a Machine Readable and Machine Interpretable format
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-4-R5
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Datasets are available in a Machine Readable and Machine Interpretable format
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-4-R6
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM representation and format indicator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: R1.1 (meta)data are released with a clear and accessible data usage license
definition: If applicable, license information and/or permitted use and accessability to parts of the dataset is formally represented and encoded in a Machine Readable Format
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-4-R6
annotated property: definition
annotated target: If applicable, license information and/or permitted use and accessability to parts of the dataset is formally represented and encoded in a Machine Readable Format
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-0-C0
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM content-related indicator
definition: Dataset(s) are NOT Identifiable via Unique Identifiers
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-0-C0
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Dataset(s) are NOT Identifiable via Unique Identifiers
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-1-C0
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM content-related indicator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: F1. (meta)data are assigned a globally unique and persistent identifier
definition: Each Dataset purposed for FAIR sharing is assigned a unique identifier
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-1-C0
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Each Dataset purposed for FAIR sharing is assigned a unique identifier
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-2-C2
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM content-related indicator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: R1. (meta)data are richly described with a plurality of accurate and relevant attributes
definition: Where applicable, data is structured in the Dataset according to the Tidy Data Principles
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-2-C2
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Where applicable, data is structured in the Dataset according to the Tidy Data Principles
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-3-C2
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM content-related indicator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: R1.3 (meta)data meet domain-relevant community standards
definition: Where applicable, Dataset(s) scope and content are reported in compliance with relevant community-defined Data Reporting Guidelines
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-3-C2
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Where applicable, Dataset(s) scope and content are reported in compliance with relevant community-defined Data Reporting Guidelines
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-4-C2
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM content-related indicator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: I1. (meta)data use a formal, accessible, shared, and broadly applicable language for knowledge representation
definition: Dataset(s) content is harmonised against a designed-for-purpose Semantic Data Model
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-4-C2
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Dataset(s) content is harmonised against a designed-for-purpose Semantic Data Model
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-2-C3
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM content-related indicator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: I3. (meta)data include qualified references to other (meta)data
definition: Dataset(s) include Reference Fields that enable joining related datasets
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-2-C3
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Dataset(s) include Reference Fields that enable joining related datasets
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-3-C3
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM content-related indicator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: I1. (meta)data use a formal, accessible, shared, and broadly applicable language for knowledge representation
definition: Where applicable, Dataset Field Names use standard controlled terms as recommended by the adopted Standard
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-3-C3
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Where applicable, Dataset Field Names use standard controlled terms as recommended by the adopted Standard
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-4-C3
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM content-related indicator
definition: Key Dataset Fields are mapped to Common Data Elements as defined by the Semantic Data Model
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-4-C3
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Key Dataset Fields are mapped to Common Data Elements as defined by the Semantic Data Model
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-5-C3
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM content-related indicator
definition: Dataset Fields are linked and harmonized against enterprise managed Metadata Elements (e.g. MDR registered Data Elements)
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-5-C3
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Dataset Fields are linked and harmonized against enterprise managed Metadata Elements (e.g. MDR registered Data Elements)
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-2-C4
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM content-related indicator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: R1. (meta)data are richly described with a plurality of accurate and relevant attributes
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: F2. data are described with rich metadata
definition: Where applicable, Dataset Field Values are standardized against a locally defined Data Dictionary within and across related Datasets
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-2-C4
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Where applicable, Dataset Field Values are standardized against a locally defined Data Dictionary within and across related Datasets
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-3-C4
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM content-related indicator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: I2. (meta)data use vocabularies that follow fair principles
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: R1.3 (meta)data meet domain-relevant community standards
definition: Where applicable, Dataset Field Values are standardised against domain-specific Controlled Terminologies and/or Ontology Terms
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-3-C4
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Where applicable, Dataset Field Values are standardised against domain-specific Controlled Terminologies and/or Ontology Terms
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-4-C4
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM content-related indicator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: F3. metadata clearly and explicitly include the identifier of the data they describe
definition: Values for key Domain Entities reported in the Dataset(s) are standardised and assigned unique Standard Identifiers
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-4-C4
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Values for key Domain Entities reported in the Dataset(s) are standardised and assigned unique Standard Identifiers
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-5-C4
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM content-related indicator
definition: Dataset Field values are controlled and managed via enterprise managed Reference and Master Data
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-5-C4
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Dataset Field values are controlled and managed via enterprise managed Reference and Master Data
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-0-C1
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM content-related indicator
definition: Study/Project-Level metadata is NOT reported
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-0-C1
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Study/Project-Level metadata is NOT reported
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-1-C1
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM content-related indicator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: R1. (meta)data are richly described with a plurality of accurate and relevant attributes
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: F2. data are described with rich metadata
definition: Dataset Descriptor includes Descriptive Study/Project-Level summary information
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-1-C1
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Dataset Descriptor includes Descriptive Study/Project-Level summary information
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-2-C1
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM content-related indicator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: R1. (meta)data are richly described with a plurality of accurate and relevant attributes
definition: A locally defined Domain Model contains concepts that describes the overall project/study design, the relationships between the Datasets, the key entities reported within the Datasets and the relationships between them.
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-2-C1
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A locally defined Domain Model contains concepts that describes the overall project/study design, the relationships between the Datasets, the key entities reported within the Datasets and the relationships between them.
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-3-C1
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM content-related indicator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: R1.3 (meta)data meet domain-relevant community standards
definition: Where applicable, study-level / experimental metadata is reported in compliance with relevant Minimum Information Reporting Guidelines
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-3-C1
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Where applicable, study-level / experimental metadata is reported in compliance with relevant Minimum Information Reporting Guidelines
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-4-C1
type: Class
subclass of: data stewardship technical concept
subclass of: fairplus DSM content-related indicator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to the implementation of
  some values from: I1. (meta)data use a formal, accessible, shared, and broadly applicable language for knowledge representation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: F2. data are described with rich metadata
definition: A Semantic Data Model includes study design Data Elements and the relationships between them
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-4-C1
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A Semantic Data Model includes study design Data Elements and the relationships between them
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-0-C2
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM content-related indicator
definition: Dataset Descriptor does NOT include a reference to the Dataset it describes
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-0-C2
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Dataset Descriptor does NOT include a reference to the Dataset it describes
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-1-C2
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM content-related indicator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: R1. (meta)data are richly described with a plurality of accurate and relevant attributes
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: F3. metadata clearly and explicitly include the identifier of the data they describe
definition: Dataset Descriptor includes Identifying & Descriptive Dataset-Level metadata
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-1-C2
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Dataset Descriptor includes Identifying & Descriptive Dataset-Level metadata
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-1-C3
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM content-related indicator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: A1. (meta)data are retrievable by their identifier using a standardised communications protocol
definition: Dataset Descriptor contains access information for the Dataset
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-1-C3
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Dataset Descriptor contains access information for the Dataset
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-2-C5
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM content-related indicator
definition: Dataset Descriptor includes reference to related Datasets and if applicable the relevant joining Dataset Fields
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-2-C5
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Dataset Descriptor includes reference to related Datasets and if applicable the relevant joining Dataset Fields
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-3-C7
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM content-related indicator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: F2. data are described with rich metadata
definition: Dataset Descriptor references a standard license under which the dataset can be re-used.
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-3-C7
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Dataset Descriptor references a standard license under which the dataset can be re-used.
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-2-C6
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM content-related indicator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: R1. (meta)data are richly described with a plurality of accurate and relevant attributes
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: F2. data are described with rich metadata
definition: Dataset Descriptor includes Field-level Metadata as prescribed by a locally defined Dataset Model
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-2-C6
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Dataset Descriptor includes Field-level Metadata as prescribed by a locally defined Dataset Model
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-3-C6
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM content-related indicator
definition: Dataset Descriptor includes standard-compliant Field-level Metadata as prescribed by the adopted standard Dataset Model.
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-3-C6
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Dataset Descriptor includes standard-compliant Field-level Metadata as prescribed by the adopted standard Dataset Model.
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-4-C5
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM content-related indicator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: F2. data are described with rich metadata
definition: The Semantic Data Model includes a pre-defined set of Common Data Elements reported within the Datasets and the relationships between them
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-4-C5
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The Semantic Data Model includes a pre-defined set of Common Data Elements reported within the Datasets and the relationships between them
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-2-C7
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM content-related indicator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: R1. (meta)data are richly described with a plurality of accurate and relevant attributes
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: F2. data are described with rich metadata
definition: Dataset Descriptor includes Value-level Metadata or if applicable includes a reference to a locally defined Data Dictionary
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-2-C7
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Dataset Descriptor includes Value-level Metadata or if applicable includes a reference to a locally defined Data Dictionary
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-3-C5
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM content-related indicator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: A1. (meta)data are retrievable by their identifier using a standardised communications protocol
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: F2. data are described with rich metadata
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: I2. (meta)data use vocabularies that follow fair principles
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: F3. metadata clearly and explicitly include the identifier of the data they describe
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: I3. (meta)data include qualified references to other (meta)data
definition: Value Level Metadata includes Resolvable Identifiers for Controlled and/or Standard Terms reported in the Dataset
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-3-C5
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Value Level Metadata includes Resolvable Identifiers for Controlled and/or Standard Terms reported in the Dataset
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-0-H1
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM hosting-environment capabilities indicator
definition: Data or metadata is hosted in non-accessible storage (e.g., personal desktop, local file system or archive)
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-0-H1
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Data or metadata is hosted in non-accessible storage (e.g., personal desktop, local file system or archive)
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-1-H1
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM hosting-environment capabilities indicator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: A1. (meta)data are retrievable by their identifier using a standardised communications protocol
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: F3. metadata clearly and explicitly include the identifier of the data they describe
definition: Metadata hosting environment stores and maintains an identifiable Dataset Descriptor for each identifiable Dataset
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-1-H1
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Metadata hosting environment stores and maintains an identifiable Dataset Descriptor for each identifiable Dataset
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-2-H1
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM hosting-environment capabilities indicator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: R1. (meta)data are richly described with a plurality of accurate and relevant attributes
definition: The Data hosting environment's Persistence Model is aligned with a locally defined Domain Model to enable interpretation of Datasets
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-2-H1
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The Data hosting environment's Persistence Model is aligned with a locally defined Domain Model to enable interpretation of Datasets
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-3-H1
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM hosting-environment capabilities indicator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: R1.3 (meta)data meet domain-relevant community standards
definition: The Data hosting environment's Persistence Model is aligned with a standard Dataset model or compliant with relevant Minimum Information Reporting Guidelines
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-3-H1
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The Data hosting environment's Persistence Model is aligned with a standard Dataset model or compliant with relevant Minimum Information Reporting Guidelines
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-4-H1
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM hosting-environment capabilities indicator
definition: Data Hosting environment stores data in a relevant linked data store (e.g., Triple Store or Graph Databaase)
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-4-H1
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Data Hosting environment stores data in a relevant linked data store (e.g., Triple Store or Graph Databaase)
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-0-H2
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM hosting-environment capabilities indicator
definition: Data or metadata hosted in an accessible resource but with no retrieval capability
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-0-H2
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Data or metadata hosted in an accessible resource but with no retrieval capability
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-1-H2
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM hosting-environment capabilities indicator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: A1. (meta)data are retrievable by their identifier using a standardised communications protocol
definition: The Dataset and its Descriptor are indexed and retrievable (in the same or separate hosting environments) via unique and persistent identifiers
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-1-H2
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The Dataset and its Descriptor are indexed and retrievable (in the same or separate hosting environments) via unique and persistent identifiers
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-1-H3
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM hosting-environment capabilities indicator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: A1.1 the protocol is open, free, and universally implementable
definition: Retrieval of the Dataset and the Dataset Descriptor utilises a standardized communication protocol that is open, free and universally implementable
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-1-H3
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Retrieval of the Dataset and the Dataset Descriptor utilises a standardized communication protocol that is open, free and universally implementable
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-2-H2
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM hosting-environment capabilities indicator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: A1. (meta)data are retrievable by their identifier using a standardised communications protocol
definition: Metadata hosting environment provides programmatic access and retrieval (API) for the Dataset Descriptor
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-2-H2
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Metadata hosting environment provides programmatic access and retrieval (API) for the Dataset Descriptor
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-3-H2
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM hosting-environment capabilities indicator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: F1. (meta)data are assigned a globally unique and persistent identifier
definition: For each dataset, the hosting environment maintains a globally unique, persistent and resolvable identifier for access and retrieval
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-3-H2
annotated property: definition
annotated target: For each dataset, the hosting environment maintains a globally unique, persistent and resolvable identifier for access and retrieval
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-3-H4
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM hosting-environment capabilities indicator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: A1.2 the protocol allows for an authentication and authorisation procedure, where necessary
definition: If applicable, Dataset hosting environment offers dataset-level authentication and authorisation capabilities
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-3-H4
annotated property: definition
annotated target: If applicable, Dataset hosting environment offers dataset-level authentication and authorisation capabilities
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-4-H2
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM hosting-environment capabilities indicator
definition: Data Hosting Environment provides semantic querying capability
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-4-H2
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Data Hosting Environment provides semantic querying capability
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-0-H3
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM hosting-environment capabilities indicator
definition: Dataset's Metadata is NOT searchable via keywords or elements within the Descriptor
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-0-H3
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Dataset's Metadata is NOT searchable via keywords or elements within the Descriptor
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-1-H4
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM hosting-environment capabilities indicator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: F4. (meta)data are registered or indexed in a searchable resource
definition: Metadata hosting environment offers the capability to browse and search contents of the Dataset Descriptor
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-1-H4
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Metadata hosting environment offers the capability to browse and search contents of the Dataset Descriptor
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-2-H3
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM hosting-environment capabilities indicator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: F4. (meta)data are registered or indexed in a searchable resource
definition: Data hosting environment offers the capability to browse and search related Datasets
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-2-H3
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Data hosting environment offers the capability to browse and search related Datasets
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-3-H3
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM hosting-environment capabilities indicator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: confers compliance with
  some values from: F1. (meta)data are assigned a globally unique and persistent identifier
definition: Data Hosting environment utilises controlled terms and/or ontology terms to search within Dataset content.
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-3-H3
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Data Hosting environment utilises controlled terms and/or ontology terms to search within Dataset content.
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

DSM-4-H2
type: Class
subclass of: fairplus DSM hosting-environment capabilities indicator
definition: Data Hosting Environment provides semantic querying capability
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: DSM-4-H2
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Data Hosting Environment provides semantic querying capability
definition source: https://fairplus.github.io/Data-Maturity/docs/Indicators/

data scientist
type: Class
subclass of: scientist
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
comment: AL 15.3.22: Added for FAIR Cookbook integration.

ontologist
type: Class
subclass of: role
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
comment: AL 15.3.22: Added for FAIR Cookbook integration.

terminology manager
type: Class
subclass of: manager
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
comment: AL 15.3.22: Added for FAIR Cookbook integration.

software engineer
type: Class
subclass of: role
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
comment: AL 16.3.22 Added as part of FAIR cookbook integration.

system administrator
type: Class
subclass of: role
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
comment: AL 16.3.22: Added as part of FAIR Cookbook integration.

procurement officer
type: Class
subclass of: role
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495
comment: AL 16.3.22: Added as part of FAIR Cookbook integration. Useful for such roles to be able to understand the cost of e.g. making things FAIR (and how to deal with it), but also the benefits.

metadata creation
type: Class
subclass of: curation
definition: Metadata creation concerns the creation of data that provides information about characteristics, aspects or context of other data entities such as a dataset or other digital or analog object.
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4495

Axiom
annotated source: metadata creation
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Metadata creation concerns the creation of data that provides information about characteristics, aspects or context of other data entities such as a dataset or other digital or analog object.
definition source: AL 22.3.22, and see also FRBR User Tasks at: https://sites.google.com/site/metadatastandards/chapter-6/6-3-frbr-user-tasks.

Obsolete Class
type: Class
subclass of: Thing

example to be eventually removed
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
IAO_0000111: example to be eventually removed

failed exploratory term
type: NamedIndividual
type: obsolescence reason specification
IAO_0000111: failed exploratory term
definition: The term was used in an attempt to structure part of the ontology but in retrospect failed to do a good job
term editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg

metadata complete
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
IAO_0000111: metadata complete
definition: Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete.

organizational term
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
IAO_0000111: organizational term
definition: Term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release

ready for release
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
IAO_0000111: ready for release
definition: Class has undergone final review, is ready for use, and will be included in the next release. Any class lacking "ready_for_release" should be considered likely to change place in hierarchy, have its definition refined, or be obsoleted in the next release. Those classes deemed "ready_for_release" will also derived from a chain of ancestor classes that are also "ready_for_release."

metadata incomplete
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
IAO_0000111: metadata incomplete
definition: Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors.

uncurated
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
IAO_0000111: uncurated
definition: Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term.

pending final vetting
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
IAO_0000111: pending final vetting
definition: All definitions, placement in the asserted IS_A hierarchy and required minimal metadata are complete. The class is awaiting a final review by someone other than the term editor.

placeholder removed
type: NamedIndividual
type: obsolescence reason specification
IAO_0000111: placeholder removed

terms merged
type: NamedIndividual
type: obsolescence reason specification
IAO_0000111: terms merged
IAO_0000116: An editor note should explain what were the merged terms and the reason for the merge.

term imported
type: NamedIndividual
type: obsolescence reason specification
IAO_0000111: term imported
IAO_0000116: This is to be used when the original term has been replaced by a term imported from an other ontology. An editor note should indicate what is the URI of the new term to use.

term split
type: NamedIndividual
type: obsolescence reason specification
IAO_0000111: term split
IAO_0000116: This is to be used when a term has been split in two or more new terms. An editor note should indicate the reason for the split and indicate the URIs of the new terms created.

universal
type: NamedIndividual
type: denotator type
IAO_0000111: universal
IAO_0000116: Hard to give a definition for. Intuitively a "natural kind" rather than a collection of any old things, which a class is able to be, formally. At the meta level, universals are defined as positives, are disjoint with their siblings, have single asserted parents.
term editor: Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: A Formal Theory of Substances, Qualities, and Universals, http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bfo/SQU.pdf

defined class
type: NamedIndividual
type: denotator type
IAO_0000111: defined class
definition: A defined class is a class that is defined by a set of logically necessary and sufficient conditions but is not a universal
IAO_0000116: "definitions", in some readings, always are given by necessary and sufficient conditions. So one must be careful (and this is difficult sometimes) to distinguish between defined classes and universal.
term editor: Alan Ruttenberg

named class expression
type: NamedIndividual
type: denotator type
IAO_0000111: named class expression
definition: A named class expression is a logical expression that is given a name. The name can be used in place of the expression.
IAO_0000116: named class expressions are used in order to have more concise logical definition but their extensions may not be interesting classes on their own. In languages such as OWL, with no provisions for macros, these show up as actuall classes. Tools may with to not show them as such, and to replace uses of the macros with their expansions
term editor: Alan Ruttenberg

to be replaced with external ontology term
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
IAO_0000111: to be replaced with external ontology term
definition: Terms with this status should eventually replaced with a term from another ontology.
term editor: Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: group:OBI

requires discussion
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
IAO_0000111: requires discussion
definition: A term that is metadata complete, has been reviewed, and problems have been identified that require discussion before release. Such a term requires editor note(s) to identify the outstanding issues.
term editor: Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: group:OBI

out of scope
type: NamedIndividual
type: obsolescence reason specification
definition: The term was added to the ontology on the assumption it was in scope, but it turned out later that it was not.
IAO_0000116: This obsolesence reason should be used conservatively. Typical valid examples are: un-necessary grouping classes in disease ontologies, a phenotype term added on the assumption it was a disease.
term editor: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/77
IAO_0000234: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432