Definition:
The
anatomical cluster that is composed of the
glossa and paraglossae.
written by: Miko, I. 2009. -2019 Curator. Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology.
Relationships / properties:
The ligula is part of the labium.
ligula by Miko, I. 2009. -2019 Curator. Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology.
ligula by Prentice, M. A. 1998. The comparative morphology and phylogeny of Apoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) Thesis (Ph D in Entomology)--University of California, Berkeley..
tongue by Prentice, M. A. 1998. The comparative morphology and phylogeny of Apoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) Thesis (Ph D in Entomology)--University of California, Berkeley..
ligula by Duncan, C. D. 1939. A contribution to the biology of North American vespine wasps. Stanford University Publications, Biological Sciences 8:1-233.
ligula by Snodgrass, R. E. 1942. The skeleto-muscular mechanisms of the honey bee. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 103:1-120.
alternative definition added about 15 years ago by Istvan Miko
The apical 'fleshy' and microsetose lobe of the labium, formed from the combined glossae
and paraglossae.
Reference: Gibson , G. A. P., J. D. Read , and R. Fairchild. 1998. Chalcid wasps (Chalcidoidea): illustrated glossary of positional and morphological terms ..
Cross reference:
None provided.
alternative definition added over 15 years ago by Andy Deans
the terminal lobes of the labium collectively, or a terminal part of the labium formed by the union of the lobes
Reference: Snodgrass, R. E. 1935. Principles of insect morphology. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York & London 667 pp.
Cross reference:
None provided.
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